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  • 101 Chronology

      15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.
      400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.
      202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.
      137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.
      410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.
      714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.
      1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.
      1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.
      1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.
      1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.
      1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).
      1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.
      1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.
      1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.
      1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.
      1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.
      1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.
      1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.
      1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.
      1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.
      1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.
      1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.
      1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.
      1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.
      1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.
      1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.
      1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.
      1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).
      1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.
      1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.
      1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.
      1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.
       King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.
       King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.
      1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.
      1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.
      1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.
       Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.
       Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.
       Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.
      1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.
      1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.
      1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.
      1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.
      1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.
      1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.
      1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.
      1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.
      1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.
      1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.
      1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.
      1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.
      1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.
      1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.
      1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.
      1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.
      1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.
      1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.
      1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.
      1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.
      1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.
      1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.
      1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.
      1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.
      1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.
       Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.
       King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.
      1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence of
       Brazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.
       Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.
       King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.
      1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.
      1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.
      1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.
      1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.
      1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.
      1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.
       January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.
       Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.
      1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.
      1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.
      1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.
      1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.
      1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.
       May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.
       March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.
       Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.
      1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.
      1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January
      1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.
      1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."
       28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.
       February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.
       April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.
      1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.
      1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."
      1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.
       6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.
       8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.
      1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.
      1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.
      1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
       January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.
      1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.
      1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.
      1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.
       March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.
       March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.
      1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July
      1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.
      1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).
      1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.
      1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.
       January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.
       January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.
       November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.
       October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.
       January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.
       May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.
       October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.
       January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).
       United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.
       January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.
       1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
       May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.
       June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.
       February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.
       January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.
       July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.
      2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Chronology

  • 102 call

    A n
    1 Telecom appel m (téléphonique) (from de) ; business call appel professionnel ; private ou personal call appel privé ; (tele)phone call appel m (téléphonique) ; I have a call for you j'ai un appel pour vous ; to make a call appeler, téléphoner ; to make a call to Italy appeler l'Italie, téléphoner en Italie ; to receive/take a call recevoir/prendre un appel ; to give sb a call appeler qn ; to return sb's call rappeler qn ; to put a call through to sb passer un appel à qn ;
    2 ( audible cry) ( human) appel m (for à) ; ( animal) cri m ; to give sb a call appeler qn ;
    3 ( summons) appel m, this is the last call for passengers to Berlin Aviat ceci est le dernier appel pour les passagers à destination de Berlin ; this is your ten minute call Theat en scène dans dix minutes ; to put out a call for sb ( over public address) faire appeler qn ; ( over radio) lancer un appel à qn ; the Red Cross has put out a call for blankets la Croix Rouge a lancé un appel pour obtenir des couvertures ;
    4 ( visit) visite f ; social call visite f de courtoisie ; to make ou pay a call lit rendre visite (on à) ; to pay a call euph aller aux toilettes ; to return sb's call rendre sa visite à qn ;
    5 ( demand) demande f ; the strikers' call for a pay rise la demande d'augmentation de salaire de la part des grévistes ; there were calls for his resignation sa démission a été réclamée ; a call for reform une demande de réforme ; she has many calls on her time elle est très sollicitée ; there's no call for it Comm il n'y a pas de demande (pour cet article) ; we don't get much call for that nous n'avons guère de demande pour cela ; to have first call on sth avoir la priorité sur qch ;
    6 ( need) there's no call for sth/to do il n'y a pas de raison pour qch/de faire ; there was no call for her to say that elle n'avait aucune raison or aucun besoin de dire cela ;
    7 ( allure) (of mountains, sea, the unknown) appel m (of de) ;
    8 Sport décision f ;
    9 Fin ( for repayment of loan) demande f de remboursement ; ( request) appel m ; ( right to buy) option f d'achat ; money at ou on call argent à court terme or au jour le jour ; on three months' call à trois mois ; payable at call remboursable sur présentation or à vue ; a call for capital/tenders un appel de fonds/d'offres ;
    10 ( duty) to be on call [doctor] être de garde ; [engineer] être de service ;
    11 Relig ( vocation) vocation f.
    B vtr
    1 ( say loudly) ( also call out) appeler [name, number] ; crier [answer, instructions] ; annoncer [result] ; Games parier [heads, tails] ; annoncer [flight] ; to call the register Sch faire l'appel ; he called (out) ‘Goodbye’ il a crié ‘au revoir’ ;
    2 ( summon) appeler [lift] ; ( by shouting) appeler [person, animal, witness] ; ( by phone) appeler [person, police, taxi] ; ( by letter) convoquer [applicant, candidate] ; he was called before the committee il a été convoqué devant la commission ; the boss called me into his office le chef m'a fait venir dans son bureau ; the police were called to the scene la police a été appelée sur les lieux ; I've called you a taxi je vous ai appelé un taxi ; come when you're called venez quand on vous appelle ; call the next witness appelez le témoin suivant ; you may be called to give evidence il se peut que vous soyez convoqué pour témoigner ;
    3 ( telephone) ( also call up) appeler [person, institution, number] (at à ; from de) ; don't call us, we'll call you hum (n'appelez pas) nous vous appellerons ;
    4 ( give a name) appeler [person, baby, animal, place, product] (by par) ; intituler [book, film, music, play] ; she prefers to be called by her maiden name elle préfère qu'on l'appelle par son nom de jeune fille ;
    5 ( arrange) organiser [strike] ; convoquer [conference, meeting, rehearsal] ; fixer [election] ;
    6 ( waken) réveiller [person] ; what time shall I call you in the morning? à quelle heure voulez-vous que je vous réveille? ;
    7 ( describe as) to call sb stupid/a liar traiter qn d'imbécile/de menteur/-euse ; I wouldn't call it spacious/beautiful je ne dirais pas que c'est vaste/beau ; do you call that plate clean? tu appelles ça une assiette propre? ; it's not what you'd call an exciting film on ne peut pas dire que ce film soit passionnant ; it's what you might call a delicate situation c'est ce qui s'appelle une situation délicate ; call that a garden ! tu appelles ça un jardin! ; call it what you will appelle ça comme tu veux ; parapsychology or whatever they ou you call it la métapsychologie ou quelque chose dans ce goût-là ; (let's) call it £5 disons cinq livres sterling ; he hasn't a place to call his own il n'a pas de chez-lui ;
    8 Sport [referee, linesman] déclarer ; the linesman called the ball in le juge de ligne a déclaré que la balle était bonne ;
    9 Fin demander le remboursement de [loan] ;
    10 Comput appeler [file, program].
    C vi
    1 ( cry out) ( also call out) [person, animal] appeler ; ( louder) crier ; [bird] crier ; London calling Radio ici Londres ;
    2 ( telephone) appeler ; where are you calling from? d'où appelez-vous? ; I'm calling about your advertisement j'appelle au sujet de votre annonce ; thank you for calling merci d'avoir appelé ; please call back in an hour rappelez dans une heure s'il vous plaît, veuillez rappeler dans une heure fml ; to call home appeler chez soi or à la maison ; who's calling? qui est à l'appareil? ;
    3 ( visit) passer ; to call at [person] passer chez [person, shop] ; [person] passer à [bank, library, town] ; [train] s'arrêter à [town, station] ; [boat] faire escale à [port] ; the London train calling at Reading and Slough le train à destination de Londres desservant les gares de Reading et Slough ;
    4 (tossing coins, racquet) parier ; you call, heads or tails? à toi de parier, pile ou face?
    D v refl to call oneself se faire appeler [Smith, Bob] ; ( claim to be) se dire, se prétendre [poet, designer] ; he calls himself a writer but… il se dit or se prétend écrivain mais… ; call yourself a sailor ? et tu te prétends marin? ; I am proud to call myself European je suis fier d'être européen.
    it was a close call c'était de justesse.
    call away:
    call [sb] away appeler ; to be called away être obligé de s'absenter.
    call back:
    1 ( on phone) rappeler ;
    2 ( return) repasser ;
    call [sb] back
    1 (summon by shouting, phone back) rappeler [person] ;
    2 ( recall) rappeler [representative, diplomat].
    call by passer.
    call down:
    call down ( shout from above) appeler ;
    call down [sth], call [sth] down appeler [blessing, curse, vengeance] (on sur).
    call for:
    call for [sth]
    1 ( shout) appeler à [help] ; appeler [ambulance, doctor] ;
    2 ( demand) [person] demander [food, drink, equipment, tool] ; [report, article, politician, protesters] réclamer [changes, improvements] ; they are calling for talks to be extended ils réclament la prolongation des négociations ;
    3 ( require) [situation, problem, conditions] exiger [treatment, skill, action, understanding] ; nécessiter [change, intervention, improvements] ; this calls for a celebration! ça se fête! ; that was not called for c'était déplacé ;
    4 ( collect) passer prendre [person] ; passer chercher [object].
    call forth [sth], call [sth] forth susciter.
    call in:
    call in
    1 ( visit) passer ;
    2 ( telephone) appeler ; to call in sick [employee] appeler pour dire qu'on est malade ;
    call in [sb], call [sb] in
    1 lit ( summon inside) faire rentrer [person, animal] ; faire entrer [candidate, client, patient] ;
    2 ( send for) faire appel à [expert, police, engineer] ;
    call in [sth], call [sth] in
    1 ( recall) demander le retour de [library book, ticket, surplus, supplies] ; retirer [qch] de la circulation [currency] ; retirer [qch] du commerce [product] ;
    2 Fin demander le remboursement de [loan].
    call off:
    call off [sth], call [sth] off
    1 lit rappeler [dog, attacker] ;
    2 fig ( halt) interrompre [arrangement, deal, plan, search, investigation, strike] ; ( cancel) annuler [show, meeting, wedding] ; to call off one's engagement rompre ses fiançailles ; to call off a strike annuler un ordre de grève ; let's call the whole thing off laissons tomber.
    call on:
    call on [sb/sth]
    1 ( visit) ( also call in on) rendre visite à [relative, friend] ; visiter [patient, client] ;
    2 ( invite) demander à [speaker, lecturer] (to do de faire) ;
    3 ( urge) demander à (to do de faire) ; ( stronger) enjoindre fml (to do de faire) ; he called on his colleagues to oppose it il a demandé à ses collègues de s'y opposer ;
    4 (appeal to, resort to) s'adresser à [person] ; avoir recours à [services] ; faire appel à [moral quality] ; neighbours she can call on des voisins à qui elle peut s'adresser ; we will call on your services nous aurons recours à vos services ; you will have to call on all your patience and courage il faudra faire appel à toute ta patience et tout ton courage.
    call out:
    call out ( cry aloud) appeler ; ( louder) crier ;
    call out [sb], call [sb] out
    1 ( summon outside) appeler ; the teacher called me out to the front of the class le professeur m'a fait venir devant le reste de la classe ;
    2 ( send for) appeler [expert, doctor, emergency service, repairman, troops] ;
    3 Ind [union] lancer un ordre de grève à [members] ; to call sb out on strike lancer un ordre de grève à qn ;
    call [sth] out, call out [sth] appeler [name, number].
    call over:
    call over to [sb] appeler ;
    call [sb] over appeler.
    call round ( visit) venir.
    call up:
    call up appeler ;
    call up [sb/sth], call [sb/sth] up
    1 ( on phone) appeler ;
    2 ( summon) appeler [reserves, reinforcements] ; appeler [qn] sous les drapeaux [soldier] ; invoquer [ghost, spirit] ;
    3 ( evoke) rappeler [memory, past event, scene] ;
    4 Comput appeler (à l'écran), afficher [data, file, menu] ;
    5 Sport sélectionner [player].

    Big English-French dictionary > call

  • 103 recognition

    1 ( identification) reconnaissance f ; to avoid recognition pour éviter d'être reconnu ; to change/to improve out of all ou beyond recognition changer/s'améliorer jusqu'à en être méconnaissable ; they've changed the town beyond recognition ils ont rendu la ville méconnaissable ;
    2 ( realization) reconnaissance f (of de) ; there is a growing recognition that il devient de plus en plus apparent que ;
    3 gen, Pol ( acknowledgement) reconnaissance f ; to gain international recognition être reconnu mondialement ; he never got the recognition he deserved il n'a jamais été reconnu comme il le méritait ; union recognition reconnaissance officielle des syndicats ; to give state recognition to sth reconnaître qch officiellement ; to receive ou win recognition for être reconnu pour [talent, work, achievement, contribution] ; in recognition of en reconnaissance de ;
    4 Comput ( of data) reconnaissance f ; voice recognition reconnaissance de la parole ;
    5 Aviat ( identification) identification f.

    Big English-French dictionary > recognition

  • 104 then

    When then is used to mean at that time, it is translated by alors or à ce moment-là: I was working in Oxford then = je travaillais alors à Oxford or je travaillais à Oxford à ce moment-là. Note that alors always comes immediately after the verb in French.
    For particular usages see A 1 in the entry below.
    For translations of by then, since then, from then, until then see the entries by, since, from, until.
    When then is used to mean next it can be translated by either puis or ensuite: a man, a horse and then a dog = un homme, un cheval puis or et ensuite un chien.
    For particular usages see A 2 in the entry below. When then is used to mean in that case it is translated by alors: then why worry? = alors pourquoi s'inquiéter?
    For all other uses see the entry below.
    A adv
    1 ( at that point in time) alors, à ce moment-là ; ( implying more distant past) en ce temps-là ; we were living in Dublin then nous habitions alors à Dublin ; her books were then enjoying a lot of success ses livres se vendaient alors très bien ; X, then leader of the party X, alors chef du parti ; I thought so then and I still think so c'est ce que je pensais alors et je le pense encore ; the company will then receive funding l'entreprise recevra alors une aide financière ; what then? et alors?, que feront-ils/ferons-nous etc alors? ; just then she heard a noise à ce moment-là elle a entendu un bruit ; a large sum of money even then une grosse somme d'argent même à cette époque ; people were idealistic then en ce temps-là les gens étaient idéalistes ; from then on, life became easier à partir de ce moment-là la vie est devenue plus facile ; since then there has been little news depuis on a eu peu de nouvelles ; by then the damage had been done le mal était déjà fait ; he was by then running his own company à ce moment-là il dirigeait déjà sa propre entreprise ; they will let us know by then nous aurons la réponse à ce moment-là ; if things haven't changed by then si d'ici là les choses n'ont pas changé ; we won't be in contact until then nous ne serons pas en contact avant (ce moment-là) ; ⇒ there ;
    2 (in sequences: afterwards, next) puis, ensuite ; then came the big news puis or ensuite on nous a annoncé la grande nouvelle ; she was an editor then a teacher elle a été rédactrice puis or ensuite professeur ; wash then slice finely laver puis couper finement ; we will then start the next project ensuite nous commencerons le projet suivant ; then after that… ensuite… ; and then what? ( with bated breath) et ensuite? ;
    3 ( in that case) alors ; I saw them if not yesterday then the day before je les ai vus hier ou avant-hier ; if it's a problem for you then say so si ça te pose un problème dis-le ; if they're so nice then why not stay with them? s'ils sont si agréables pourquoi ne pas rester avec eux? ; if x = 3, then 6x = 18 si x = 3 alors 6x = 18 ; when we know what the problem is then we can find a solution quand nous saurons quel est le problème alors nous pourrons trouver une solution ; then why did you tell her? mais alors pourquoi est- ce que tu le lui as dit? ; how about tomorrow then? et demain ça irait? ; well try this then et bien alors essaie ça ; well then we'll have to start again et bien alors il faudra recommencer ; then what DO they want? mais alors qu'est-ce qu'ils veulent? ;
    4 (summarizing statement: therefore) donc ; these then are the results of the policy voici donc les résultats de cette politique ; overall then it would seem that en résumé il semble donc que ;
    5 (in addition, besides) puis…aussi ; and then there's the fare to consider et puis il faut aussi tenir compte du prix de billet ;
    6 (modifying previous statement: on the other hand) d'un autre côté ; she's good but then so is he elle est bonne mais lui aussi ; they said it would rain but then they're often wrong ils ont prévu de la pluie mais ils se trompent souvent ; but then again if you're too quiet, no-one will notice you mais d'un autre côté si tu es trop discret personne ne te remarquera ; he looks anxious but then he always does il a l'air inquiet mais de toute façon il a toujours cet air-là ;
    7 (rounding off a topic: so) alors ; it's all arranged then? tout est arrangé alors? ; that's all right then ça va alors ; till Tuesday then à mardi alors ; do you think they'll stay here then? tu crois qu'ils vont rester ici alors? ; someone told him already then quelqu'un le lui a déjà dit alors ;
    8 ( focusing on topic) bon ; now then what's all this? bon, qu'est-ce qui se passe? ; all right then who'd like some coffee? bon, qui veut du café alors? ; what's the problem then? alors quel est le problème?
    B adj ( épith) the then prime minister le premier ministre de l'époque ; the then mayor of New York, Mr X M. X, qui était alors maire de New York ; they took over the then state-owned sugar factory ils ont racheté la sucrerie qui était alors une propriété de l'État.

    Big English-French dictionary > then

  • 105 first

    first [fɜ:st]
    (a) (in series) premier;
    the first few days les deux ou trois premiers jours;
    the first six months les six premiers mois;
    Louis the First Louis Premier ou Ier;
    one hundred and first cent unième;
    to be first in the queue être le (la) premier(ère) de la queue;
    I'm first je suis ou c'est moi le premier;
    she was first in English Literature elle était première en littérature anglaise;
    she's in first place (in race) elle est en tête;
    to win first prize gagner le premier prix;
    this is the first time I've been to New York c'est la première fois que je viens à New York;
    first floor British premier étage m; American rez-de-chaussée m;
    Cars first gear première f (vitesse f);
    put the car into first gear passe la première (vitesse);
    British first year University première année f; School sixième f;
    British a first-year university student un étudiant de première année à l'université;
    I learnt of it at first hand je l'ai appris de la bouche de l'intéressé/l'intéressée, c'est lui-même/elle-même qui me l'a appris;
    I learned of her resignation at first hand c'est elle-même qui m'a appris sa démission;
    I haven't (got) the first idea je n'en ai pas la moindre idée;
    I don't know the first thing about cars je n'y connais absolument rien en voitures;
    I'll pick you up first thing (in the morning) je passerai te chercher demain matin à la première heure;
    I'm not at my best first thing in the morning je ne suis pas au mieux de ma forme très tôt le matin;
    there's a first time for everything il y a un début à tout;
    to be the first person to do sth être le (la) premier(ère) à faire qch
    (b) (immediately) tout de suite;
    first thing after lunch tout de suite après le déjeuner;
    literary she's past her first youth elle n'est plus de la première jeunesse
    (c) (most important → duty, concern) premier;
    the first priority la priorité des priorités;
    to put first things first commencer par le commencement;
    first things first! prenons les choses dans l'ordre!;
    to go back to first principles repartir sur des bases saines
    (a) (before the others → arrive, leave, speak) le (la) premier(ère), en premier;
    I saw it first! c'est moi qui l'ai vu le (la) premier(ère) ou en premier!;
    you go first vas-y en premier;
    ladies first les dames d'abord;
    women and children first les femmes et les enfants d'abord;
    Computing & Industry first in, first out premier entré, premier sorti;
    Administration last in, first out dernier entré, premier sorti;
    to come first (in race) arriver premier; (in exam) avoir la première place, être premier;
    her career comes first sa carrière passe d'abord ou avant tout;
    I've never come first with you, have I? tu ne m'as jamais fait passer avant le reste, n'est-ce pas?;
    to put one's family first faire passer sa famille d'abord ou avant tout;
    proverb first come first served les premiers arrivés sont les premiers servis;
    tickets were handed out on a first come first served basis les billets ont été distribués par ordre d'arrivée
    (b) (firstly, before anything else) d'abord;
    first, I want to say thank you tout d'abord, je voudrais vous remercier, je voudrais d'abord vous remercier;
    first prepare the meat préparez d'abord la viande;
    I need to go to the lavatory first il faut d'abord que j'aille aux toilettes;
    what should I do first? qu'est-ce que je dois faire en premier?;
    first hear the arguments, then make up your mind écoutez d'abord les arguments, ensuite vous vous déciderez;
    she says first one thing then another elle dit d'abord une chose, et puis une autre;
    I'm a mother first and a wife second je suis une mère avant d'être une épouse
    (c) (for the first time) pour la première fois; (initially) au début;
    we first met in London nous nous sommes rencontrés à Londres;
    when I first knew him quand je l'ai connu
    (d) (sooner, rather)
    I'd die first plutôt mourir;
    familiar I'll see him damned first or in hell first j'aimerais bien voir ça
    3 noun
    the first le (la) premier(ère);
    he was among the first to realise il a été parmi les premiers à s'en rendre compte;
    we were the very first to arrive nous sommes arrivés les tout premiers;
    she was the first in our family to go to university c'était la première de la famille à aller à l'université;
    he came in an easy first (in race) il est arrivé premier haut la main
    (b) (achievement) première f;
    that's a notable first for France c'est une grande première pour la France
    the first we heard/knew of it was when... nous en avons entendu parler pour la première fois/l'avons appris quand...;
    it's the first I've heard of it! première nouvelle!
    the first of May/the month le premier mai/du mois
    he got a first in economics il a eu mention très bien en économie;
    she got a double first in French and Russian elle a eu mention très bien en français et en russe
    (f) Cars première f;
    in first en première;
    to put the car into first se mettre en première, passer la première
    first of exchange première f de change
    au début
    d'abord et surtout
    avant tout
    tout d'abord, pour commencer
    familiar pour commencer
    du début à la fin
    dès le début
    d'abord;
    apply in the first instance to the personnel department adressez d'abord votre demande au service du personnel
    why did you do it in the first place? et puis d'abord, pourquoi as-tu fait cela?;
    I don't understand why he married her in the first place d'abord, je ne comprends pas ce qui a bien pu le pousser à se marier avec elle
    in the first place... and in the second place d'abord... et ensuite
    ►► first aid
    1 noun
    (UNCOUNT) (technique) secourisme m; (attention) premiers soins mpl;
    does anyone know any first aid? quelqu'un s'y connaît-il en secourisme?;
    to give/to receive first aid donner/recevoir les premiers soins
    (class, manual) de secourisme;
    first aid box trousse f à pharmacie;
    first aid certificate brevet m de secourisme;
    first aid kit trousse f à pharmacie;
    British first aid post, first aid station poste m de secours;
    American the First Amendment le premier amendement (de la Constitution des États-Unis garantissant les libertés individuelles du citoyen américain, notamment la liberté d'expression);
    first class (on train, plane) première classe f; (for letter, parcel) tarif m normal;
    first cousin cousin(e) m,f germain(e);
    British first eleven (in soccer, cricket) = les onze meilleurs joueurs sélectionnés pour former l'équipe la plus forte dans un club;
    American the First Family (presidential family) la famille présidentielle; (in a State) la famille du gouverneur;
    British School first form sixième f; also figurative first fruits premiers fruits mpl;
    American School first grade = classe de l'école primaire (5 à 6 ans);
    Sport first half première mi-temps f;
    First Lady (in US) = femme du président des États-Unis;
    figurative the first lady of rock/of the detective novel la grande dame du rock/du roman policier;
    first language langue f maternelle;
    first lieutenant Nautical lieutenant m de vaisseau; American Military & Aviation lieutenant m;
    first love premier amour m;
    Nautical first mate second m;
    Politics First Minister (of Scottish Parliament) Premier ministre m;
    first name prénom m;
    to be on first name terms with sb appeler qn par son prénom;
    Theatre first night première f;
    Law first offender délinquant(e) m,f primaire;
    Nautical first officer second m;
    Theatre first performance première f;
    Grammar first person première personne f;
    in the first person à la première personne;
    first principle principe m fondamental ou de base;
    Finance first quarter (of financial year) premier trimestre m;
    first refusal préférence f;
    to give sb first refusal on sth donner la préférence à qn pour qch;
    I promised Nadine first refusal j'ai promis à Nadine que je lui donnerais la préférence;
    Cinema first showing première exclusivité f;
    American the First State = surnom donné au Delaware;
    Sport first string les meilleurs joueurs mpl (d'une équipe);
    Sport first team (équipe f) première f;
    Music first violin (person, instrument) premier violon m;
    the First World les pays mpl industrialisés;
    the First World War la Première Guerre mondiale

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > first

  • 106 see

    see [si:]
    (pt saw [sɔ:], pp seen [si:n])
    can you see me? est-ce que tu me vois?;
    I can't see a thing je ne vois rien;
    she could see a light in the distance elle voyait une lumière au loin;
    I could see she'd been crying je voyais qu'elle avait pleuré;
    he saw her talk or talking to the policeman il l'a vue parler ou qui parlait au policier;
    did anyone see you take it? est-ce que quelqu'un t'a vu le prendre?;
    did you see what happened? avez-vous vu ce qui s'est passé?;
    let me see your hands fais-moi voir ou montre-moi tes mains;
    now see what you've done! regarde ce que tu as fait!;
    can I see your newspaper a minute? puis-je voir votre journal ou jeter un coup d'œil sur votre journal un instant?;
    I see her around a lot je la croise assez souvent;
    I don't want to be seen with him je ne veux pas être vu ou qu'on me voie avec lui;
    there wasn't a car to be seen il n'y avait pas une seule voiture en vue;
    the cathedral can be seen from a long way off on voit la cathédrale de très loin;
    nothing more was ever seen of her on ne l'a plus jamais revue;
    it has to be seen to be believed il faut le voir pour le croire;
    she began to see spies everywhere elle s'est mise à voir des espions partout;
    there's nothing there, you're seeing things! il n'y a rien, tu as des hallucinations!;
    I could see what was going to happen (a mile off) je le voyais venir (gros comme une maison);
    familiar they saw you coming (a mile off) ils t'ont vu arriver de loin;
    could you see your way (clear) to lending me £20? est-ce que vous pourriez me prêter 20 livres?;
    to see the back or last of sth en avoir fini avec qch;
    I'll be glad to see the back or last of her je serai content d'être débarrassé d'elle
    (b) (watch → movie, play, programme) voir;
    I saw it on the news je l'ai vu au journal télévisé;
    did you see the match last night? as-tu vu le match hier soir?
    (c) (refer to → page, chapter) voir;
    see page 317 voir page 317;
    see above voir plus haut;
    see (on) the back voir au verso
    (d) (consult → doctor, lawyer) consulter, voir;
    you should see a doctor tu devrais voir ou consulter un médecin;
    I'll be seeing my lawyer about this je vais consulter mon avocat à ce sujet;
    I'll be seeing the candidates next week je verrai les candidats la semaine prochaine;
    I want to see the manager je veux voir le directeur;
    can I see you for a minute in my office? je peux vous voir un instant dans mon bureau?;
    I'd like to see you on business je voudrais vous parler affaires
    (e) (meet by chance) voir, rencontrer;
    guess who I saw at the supermarket! devine qui j'ai vu ou qui j'ai rencontré au supermarché!
    (f) (visit → person, place) voir;
    come round and see me some time passe me voir un de ces jours;
    they came to see me in hospital ils sont venus me voir à l'hôpital;
    I've always wanted to see China j'ai toujours voulu voir la Chine
    (g) (receive a visit from) recevoir, voir;
    he's too ill to see anyone il est trop malade pour voir qui que ce soit;
    she can't see you right now, she's busy elle ne peut pas vous recevoir ou voir maintenant, elle est trop occupée
    do you still see the Browns? est-ce que vous voyez toujours les Brown?;
    we've seen quite a lot of them recently nous les avons beaucoup vus dernièrement;
    we see less of them these days nous les voyons moins en ce moment;
    is he seeing anyone at the moment? (going out with) est-ce qu'il a quelqu'un en ce moment?
    see you!, (I'll) be seeing you! salut!;
    see you later! à tout à l'heure!;
    see you around! à un de ces jours!;
    see you tomorrow! à demain!;
    see you in London! on se verra à Londres!
    (j) (understand) voir, comprendre;
    I see what you mean je vois ou comprends ce que vous voulez dire;
    I don't see what's so funny! je ne vois pas ce qu'il y a de si drôle!;
    he can't see the joke il ne comprend pas la plaisanterie;
    I could see his point je voyais ce qu'il voulait dire;
    I don't see any point in going back now je ne vois pas du tout l'intérêt qu'il y aurait à y retourner maintenant;
    I can see why you were worried je vois pourquoi vous étiez inquiet;
    I can't see that it matters je ne vois pas quelle importance ça a
    (k) (consider, view) voir;
    try to see things from my point of view essayez de voir les choses de mon point de vue;
    we see things differently nous ne voyons pas les choses de la même façon;
    you'll see things differently in the morning demain tu verras les choses d'un autre œil;
    that's how I see it c'est comme ça que je vois les choses;
    he doesn't see his drinking as a problem il ne se considère pas comme un alcoolique;
    how do you see the current situation? que pensez-vous de la situation actuelle?;
    as I see it, it's the parents who are to blame à mon avis, ce sont les parents qui sont responsables
    (l) (envisage, picture) voir, s'imaginer;
    I can't see him getting married je ne le vois pas ou je ne me l'imagine pas se mariant;
    I can't see them accepting this je ne peux pas croire qu'ils vont accepter cela;
    I can't see you as a boxer je ne te vois pas en boxeur;
    she just couldn't see herself as a wife and mother elle ne s'imaginait pas se mariant et ayant des enfants;
    I can't see it myself je n'y crois pas trop;
    they say this will be more efficient but I don't see it ils disent que cela sera plus efficace, mais je n'y crois pas;
    I don't see any chance of that à mon avis c'est peu probable;
    can I borrow the car? - I don't see why not est-ce que je peux prendre la voiture? - je n'y vois pas d'inconvénients;
    will you finish in time? - I don't see why not vous aurez fini à temps? - il n'y a pas de raison;
    what do you see happening next? d'après vous, qu'est-ce qui va se passer ensuite?;
    how do you see things developing? comment est-ce que vous envisagez l'avenir?
    I'll see if I can fix it je vais voir si je peux le réparer;
    I'll see what I can do je vais voir ce que je peux faire;
    go and see if he's still asleep va voir s'il dort encore;
    she called by to see what had happened elle est venue pour savoir ce qui s'était passé
    (n) (perceive) voir;
    I can't see any improvement je ne vois pas d'amélioration;
    to see oneself in one's children se reconnaître dans ses enfants;
    what can she possibly see in him? qu'est-qu'elle peut bien lui trouver?;
    they must have seen how worried I was ils ont dû voir combien j'étais inquiet
    (o) (discover, learn) voir;
    I'm pleased to see you're enjoying life je suis heureux de voir que tu profites de la vie;
    I'll be interested to see how he gets on je serais curieux de voir comment il se débrouillera;
    I see (that) he's getting married j'ai appris qu'il allait se marier;
    I saw it in the paper this morning je l'ai vu ou lu ce matin dans le journal;
    as we shall see in a later chapter comme nous le verrons dans un chapitre ultérieur;
    I see she's in the new Scorsese movie je vois qu'elle est dans le nouveau film de Scorsese
    (p) (make sure) s'assurer, veiller à;
    see that all the lights are out before you leave assurez-vous que ou veillez à ce que toutes les lumières soient éteintes avant de partir;
    see that everything's ready for when they arrive veillez à ce que tout soit prêt pour leur arrivée;
    I shall see that he comes je me charge de le faire venir;
    familiar she'll see you right elle veillera à ce que tu ne manques de rien, elle prendra bien soin de toi
    (q) (inspect → file, passport, ticket) voir;
    can I see your ticket, sir? puis-je voir votre ticket, Monsieur?
    (r) (experience) voir, connaître;
    he thinks he's seen it all il croit tout savoir;
    most recruits never see active service la plupart des recrues ne voient jamais la guerre de près;
    our car has seen better days notre voiture a connu des jours meilleurs;
    the city hasn't seen such crowds in decades la ville n'a pas connu une foule pareille depuis des dizaines d'années;
    the country saw many changes le pays a connu de grands changements
    (s) (witness) voir;
    they have seen their purchasing power halved ils ont vu leur pouvoir d'achat diminuer de moitié;
    last year saw an increase in profits l'année dernière a vu une augmentation des bénéfices;
    the next decade will see enormous changes la prochaine décennie verra se produire des changements considérables;
    I never thought I'd see the day when he'd admit he was wrong je n'aurais jamais cru qu'un jour il admettrait avoir tort;
    you don't see athletes like her any more! il n'y a plus beaucoup d'athlètes comme elle!
    (t) (accompany) accompagner;
    I'll see you to the bus stop je t'accompagne à ou jusqu'à l'arrêt du bus;
    I'll see you home je te raccompagne chez toi;
    see Mr Smith to the door, please veuillez raccompagner M. Smith jusqu'à la porte;
    he saw her into a taxi/onto the train il l'a mise dans un taxi/le train;
    to see sb across the road aider qn à traverser la rue
    (u) (in poker) voir;
    I'll see you je vous vois;
    I'll see your $10 and raise you 20 je vous suis à 10 dollars et je relance de 20
    I can't see without (my) glasses je ne vois rien sans mes lunettes;
    he may never see again il se peut qu'il ne voie plus jamais;
    on a clear day you can see as far as the coast par temps clair on voit jusqu'à la mer;
    you can see for miles around la vue s'étend sur des kilomètres;
    cats can see in the dark les chats voient dans l'obscurité;
    I haven't quite finished - so I see je n'ai pas tout à fait terminé - c'est ce que je vois;
    to see into the future voir ou lire dans l'avenir;
    she can't see any further than the end of her nose elle ne voit pas plus loin que le bout de son nez;
    for all to see au vu et au su de tous
    (b) (look) voir;
    can I see? je peux voir?;
    let me see!, let's see! fais voir!;
    see for yourself voyez par vous-même;
    familiar see! I told you he wouldn't let us down tu vois! je t'avais dit qu'il ne nous laisserait pas tomber
    (c) (find out) voir;
    is that the baby crying? - I'll go and see c'est le bébé qu'on entend pleurer? - je vais voir;
    you'll see! tu verras!;
    we shall see nous verrons (bien);
    we'll soon see on le saura vite;
    we'll soon see if… on saura vite si…
    (d) (understand) voir, comprendre;
    it makes no difference as far as I can see autant que je puisse en juger, ça ne change rien;
    you see, there's something else you should know tu vois, il y a quelque chose d'autre que tu devrais savoir;
    I was tired, you see, and… j'étais fatigué, voyez-vous, et…;
    I see je vois;
    familiar I don't want any trouble, see? je ne veux pas d'histoires, OK?;
    familiar old-fashioned now see here, young man! écoutez-moi, jeune homme!
    let me or let's see voyons voir;
    it was, let me see, in 1938 c'était, voyons (voir), en 1938;
    Mum said you'd take us to the fair - we'll see Maman a dit que tu nous amènerais à la foire - on verra (ça)
    3 noun
    Religion (of bishop) siège m épiscopal, évêché m; (of archbishop) archevêché m
    (a) (deal with) s'occuper de;
    I'll see about making the reservations je m'occuperai des réservations;
    they're sending someone to see about the gas ils envoient quelqu'un pour vérifier le gaz
    (b) (consider) voir;
    I'll see about it je verrai ça;
    we'll have to see about getting a new car il va falloir songer à acheter une nouvelle voiture;
    familiar they won't let us in - we'll (soon) see about that! ils ne veulent pas nous laisser entrer - c'est ce qu'on va voir!
    see in
    (a) (escort) faire entrer
    to see in the New Year fêter le Nouvel An
    voir à l'intérieur;
    the curtains were drawn, so we couldn't see in les rideaux étaient tirés, nous ne pouvions pas voir à l'intérieur
    (a) (say goodbye to) dire au revoir à;
    she came to see me off at the station elle est venue à la gare me dire au revoir
    (b) (chase away) chasser;
    see him off! (to dog) chasse-le!
    (c) (repel → attack) repousser
    (a) (accompany to the door) reconduire ou raccompagner à la porte;
    can you see yourself out? pouvez-vous trouver la sortie tout seul?;
    goodbye, I'll see myself out au revoir, ce n'est pas la peine de me raccompagner
    I'll see another year out here then go home je vais passer une autre année ici puis je rentrerai;
    we've got enough food to see the week out nous avons assez à manger pour tenir jusqu'à la fin de la semaine;
    I don't think these boots will see the winter out je ne crois pas que ces bottes feront l'hiver;
    he isn't expected to see out the week il y a peu de chances qu'il survive jusqu'à la fin de la semaine;
    he'll see us all out! (will survive us) il nous enterrera tous!
    to see out the Old Year fêter le Nouvel An
    visiter;
    they came to see round the house ils sont venus pour visiter la maison
    (a) (window, fabric) voir à travers
    (b) (be wise to → person) percer à jour, voir dans le jeu de; (→ trick, scheme, behaviour) ne pas se laisser tromper par;
    I saw through him je l'ai percé à jour, j'ai vu dans son jeu;
    she saw through his apparent cheerfulness elle ne s'est pas laissée tromper par ou elle n'a pas été dupe de son apparente bonne humeur;
    I saw through their little game j'ai vite compris leur petit jeu
    (a) (bring to a successful end) mener à bonne fin;
    we can count on her to see the job through on peut compter sur elle pour mener l'affaire à bien
    to see a show/film through assister à un spectacle/regarder un film jusqu'au bout
    (c) (support, sustain)
    I've got enough money to see me through the week j'ai assez d'argent pour tenir jusqu'à la fin de la semaine;
    £20 should see me through (to Monday) 20 livres devraient me suffire (jusqu'à lundi);
    their love has seen them through many a crisis leur amour les a aidés à surmonter de nombreuses crises;
    her good humour will always see her through any difficulties sa bonne humeur lui permettra toujours de traverser les moments difficiles
    (a) (look after) s'occuper de;
    I'll see to the dinner je m'occuperai du dîner;
    I'll see to it je vais m'en occuper, je m'en charge;
    see to it that everything's ready by 5 p.m. veillez à ce que tout soit prêt pour 17 heures;
    she saw to it that our picnic was ruined elle a fait en sorte de gâcher notre pique-nique
    (b) (repair) réparer;
    you should get the brakes seen to tu devrais faire réparer les freins

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > see

  • 107 convertible preferred stock

    Fin
    stocks that give the holder the right to exchange them at a fixed price for another security, usually common stock.
    EXAMPLE
    Preferred stocks and other convertible securities offer investors a hedge: fixed-interest income without sacrificing the chance to participate in a company’s capital appreciation.
         When a company does well, investors can convert their holdings into common stock that is more valuable. When a company is less successful, they can still receive interest and principal payments, and also recover their investment and preserve their capital if a more favorable investment appears.
         Conversion ratios and prices are key facts to know about preferred stocks. This information is found on the indenture statement that accompanies all issues. Occasionally the indenture will state that the conversion ratio will change over time. For example, the conversion price might be $50 for the first five years, $55 for the next five years, and so forth. Stock splits can affect conversion considerations.
         In theory, convertible preference shares (and convertible exchangeable preference shares) are usually perpetual in time. However, issuers tend to force conversion or induce voluntary conversion for convertible preference shares within ten years. Steadily increasing ordinary share dividends is one inducement tactic used. As a result, the conversion feature for preference shares often resembles that of debt securities. Call protection for the investor is usually about three years, and a 30- to 60-day call notice is typical.
         About 50% of convertible equity issues also have a “soft call provision.” If the ordinary share price reaches a specified ratio, the issuer is permitted to force conversion before the end of the normal protection period.

    The ultimate business dictionary > convertible preferred stock

  • 108 flight

    flight n
    полет
    abort the flight
    прерывать полет
    accelerated flight
    полет с ускорением
    acceptance flight
    приемно-сдаточный полет
    accident-free flight
    безаварийный полет
    acrobatic flight
    фигурный полет
    actual flight conditions
    реальные условия полета
    actual flight path
    фактическая траектория полета
    adhere to the flight plan
    придерживаться плана полета
    advance flight plan
    предварительная заявка на полет
    advertizing flight
    рекламный полет
    aerial survey flight
    полет для выполнения наблюдений с воздуха
    aerial work flight
    полет для выполнения работ
    aerobatic flight
    высший пилотаж
    aerodrome flight information service
    аэродромная служба полетной информации
    aerotow flight
    полет на буксире
    affect flight operation
    способствовать выполнению полета
    aircraft flight report
    полетный лист воздушного судна
    aircraft on flight
    воздушное судно в полете
    air-filed flight plan
    план полета, переданный с борта
    all-freight flight
    чисто грузовой рейс
    all-weather flight
    всепогодный полет
    alternate flight plan
    запасной план полета
    altitude flight
    высотный полет
    approach flight reference point
    контрольная точка траектории захода на посадку
    approach flight track distance
    дистанция при заходе на посадку
    approved flight plan
    утвержденный план полета
    approved flight procedure
    установленный порядок выполнения полета
    arbitrary flight course
    произвольный курс подготовки
    area flight control
    районный диспетчерский пункт управления полетами
    around-the-world flight
    кругосветный полет
    arrival flight level
    эшелон входа
    arrow flight stability
    устойчивость на траектории полета
    assigned flight path
    заданная траектория полета
    asymmetric flight
    полет с несимметричной тягой двигателей
    attitude flight control
    управление пространственным положением
    autocontrolled flight
    полет на автопилоте
    automatic flight
    автоматический полет
    automatic flight control
    автоматическое управление полетом
    automatic flight control equipment
    оборудование автоматического управления полетом
    automatic flight control system
    автоматическая бортовая система управления
    autorotational flight
    полет на режиме авторотации
    back-to-back flight
    полет в обоих направлениях
    bad-weather flight
    полет в сложных метеоусловиях
    banked flight
    полет с креном
    basic flight reference
    заданный режим полета
    be experienced in flight
    иметь место в полете
    beyond flight experience
    без достаточного опыта выполнения полетов
    blind flight
    полет по приборам
    blind flight equipment
    оборудование для полетов по приборам
    blocked-off flight
    блок-чартерный рейс
    border-crossing flight
    полет с пересечением границ
    border flight clearance
    разрешение на пролет границы
    box-pattern flight
    полет по коробочке
    bumpy-air flight
    полет в условиях болтанки
    business flight
    деловой полет
    calibration flight
    калибровочный облет
    cancelled flight
    аннулированный рейс
    cancel the flight
    отменять полет
    cargo flight
    грузовой рейс
    carry out the flight
    выполнять полет
    certificate of safety for flight
    свидетельство о допуске к полетам
    certification test flight
    сертификационный испытательный полет
    change to a flight plan
    уточнение плана полета
    charter flight
    чартерный рейс
    chased flight
    полет с сопровождающим
    checkout flight
    контрольный полет
    civil flight
    рейс с гражданского воздушного судна
    climbing flight
    полет с набором высоты
    closed-circuit flight
    полет по замкнутому кругу
    close the flight
    заканчивать регистрацию на рейс
    closing a flight plan
    закрытие плана полета
    coasting flight
    полет по инерции
    coast-to-coast flight
    полет в пределах континента
    commence the flight
    начинать полет
    commercial flight
    коммерческий рейс
    complete the flight
    завершать полет
    complete the flight plan
    составлять план полета
    compulsory IFR flight
    полет по приборам, обязательный для данной зоны
    computer-directed flight
    автоматический полет
    computer flight planning
    компьютерное планирование полетов
    conflicting flight path
    траектория полета с предпосылкой к конфликтной ситуации
    connecting flight
    стыковочный рейс
    contact flight
    визуальный полет
    contact flight rules
    правила визуального полета
    continue the flight
    продолжать полет
    continuous flight
    беспосадочный полет
    continuous flight record
    непрерывная запись хода полета
    contour flight
    бреющий полет
    controlled flight
    контролируемый полет
    conventional flight
    полет с обычным взлетом и посадкой
    crabbing flight
    полет с парированием сноса
    credit flight time
    вести учет полетного времени
    crop control flight
    полет для контроля состояния посевов
    cross-country flight
    перелет через территорию страны
    cross-wind flight
    полет с боковым ветром
    cruising flight
    крейсерский полет
    current flight plan
    текущий план полета
    day flight
    дневной полет
    decelerate in the flight
    гасить скорость в полете
    decelerating flight
    полет с уменьшением скорости
    delayed flight
    задержанный рейс
    delivery flight
    перегоночный полет
    demonstration flight
    демонстрационный полет
    departure flight level
    эшелон выхода
    descending flight
    полет со снижением
    design flight weight
    расчетная полетная масса
    desired flight path
    рекомендуемая траектория полета
    desired path flight
    полет по заданной траектории
    desired track flight
    полет по заданному маршруту
    deviate from the flight plan
    отклоняться от плана полета
    deviation from the level flight
    отклонение от линии горизонтального полета
    digital flight guidance system
    цифровая система наведения в полете
    digital flight recorder
    бортовой цифровой регистратор
    directed reference flight
    полет по сигналам с земли
    direct flight
    прямой рейс
    distance flight
    полет на дальность
    diverted flight
    полет с отклонением
    domestic flight
    рейс внутри одной страны
    domestic flight stage
    этапа полета в пределах одного государства
    downward flight
    полет со снижением
    drift flight
    полет со сносом
    dual flight
    полет с инструктором
    eastbound flight
    полет в восточном направлении
    effect on flight characteristics
    влиять на летные характеристики
    emergency flight
    экстренный рейс
    emergency flight procedures
    правила полета в аварийной обстановке
    empty flight
    порожний рейс
    endurance flight
    полет на продолжительность
    engine-off flight
    полет с выключенным двигателем
    engine-on flight
    полет с работающим двигателем
    en-route flight
    полет по маршруту
    en-route flight path
    траектория полета по маршруту
    en-route flight phase
    этап полета по маршруту
    en-route flight planning
    маршрутное планирование полетов
    entire flight
    полет по полному маршруту
    establish the flight conditions
    устанавливать режим полета
    estimated time of flight
    расчетное время полета
    exercise flight supervision
    осуществлять контроль за ходом полета
    experimental flight
    экспериментальный полет
    extra flight
    дополнительный рейс
    extra section flight
    полет по дополнительному маршруту
    factory test flight
    заводской испытательный полет
    familiarization flight
    ознакомительный полет
    fatal flight accident
    авиационное происшествие со смертельным исходом
    ferry flight
    перегоночный полет
    filed flight plan
    зарегистрированный план полета
    file the flight plan
    регистрировать план полета
    first-class flight
    рейс с обслуживанием по первому классу
    flapless flight
    полет с убранными закрылками
    flight acceptance test
    контрольный полет перед приемкой
    flight accident
    авиационное происшествие
    flight altitude
    высота полета
    flight announcement
    объявление о рейсах
    flight assurance
    гарантия полета
    flight baby cot
    детская люлька
    flight book
    летная книжка
    flight briefing
    предполетный инструктаж
    flight calibration
    облет
    flight certificate
    летное свидетельство
    flight characteristics
    летные характеристики
    flight chart
    карта полетов
    flight check
    проверка в полете
    flight checked
    проверено в полете
    flight clearance
    разрешение на полет
    flight compartment
    кабина экипажа
    flight compartment controls
    органы управления в кабине экипажа
    flight compartment view
    обзор из кабины экипажа
    flight computer
    бортовой вычислитель
    flight conditions
    полетные условия
    flight control
    диспетчерское управление полетами
    flight control boost system
    бустерная система управления полетом
    flight control fundamentals
    руководство по управлению полетами
    flight control gust-lock system
    система стопорения поверхностей управления
    (при стоянке воздушного судна) flight control load
    нагрузка в полете от поверхности управления
    flight control system
    система управления полетом
    flight coordination
    уточнение задания на полет
    flight corrective turn
    доворот для коррекции направления полета
    flight coupon
    полетный купон
    flight coupon stage
    этап полета, указанный в полетном купоне
    flight course
    курс полета
    flight crew
    летный экипаж
    flight crew duty
    обязанности членов экипажа
    flight crew equipment
    снаряжение самолетного экипажа
    flight crew member
    член летного экипажа
    flight crew oxygen system
    кислородная система кабины экипажа
    flight crews provision
    предоставление летных экипажей
    flight crew supervision
    проверка готовности экипажа к полету
    flight data
    летные данные
    flight data averaging
    осреднение полетных данных
    flight data input
    ввод данных о полете
    flight data link
    канал передачи данных в полете
    flight data recorder
    регистратор параметров полета
    flight data storage unit
    блок сбора полетной информации
    flight dead reckoning
    счисление пути полета
    flight deck
    панель контроля хода полета
    flight deck aural environment
    уровень шумового фона в кабине экипажа
    flight deck environment
    компоновка кабины экипажа
    flight departure
    отправление рейса
    flight deterioration
    ухудшение в полете
    flight direction
    направление полета
    flight director
    пилотажный командный прибор
    flight director computer
    бортовой вычислитель директорного управления
    flight director course indicator
    указатель планового навигационного прибора
    flight director indicator
    указатель пилотажного командного прибора
    flight director system
    система командных пилотажных приборов
    flight director system control panel
    пульт управления системой директорного управления
    flight discrepancy
    несоответствие плану полета
    flight dispatcher
    диспетчер воздушного движения
    flight distance
    дистанция полета
    flight distance-to-go
    дальность полета до пункта назначения
    flight diversion
    изменение маршрута полета
    flight documentation
    полетная документация
    flight documenting
    подготовка полетной документации
    flight duration
    продолжительность полета
    flight duty period
    1. ограничение времени полета
    2. полетное рабочее время flight emergency circumstance
    чрезвычайное обстоятельство в полете
    flight endurance
    продолжительность полета
    flight engineer
    бортинженер
    flight engineer's seat
    кресло бортинженера
    flight engineer station
    рабочее место бортинженера
    flight envelope
    диапазон режимов полета
    flight environment data
    данные об условиях полета
    flight environment data system
    система сбора воздушных параметров
    (условий полета) flight evaluation
    оценка профессиональных качеств пилота
    flight evasive aquisition
    маневр уклонения
    flight examination
    экзамен по летной подготовке
    flight experience
    налет
    flight fitness
    годность к полетам
    flight following
    слежение за вылетом
    flight forecast
    прогноз на вылет
    flight gyroscope
    гирополукомпас
    flight history
    отчет о полете
    flight hour
    летный час
    flight idle
    режим полетного малого газа
    flight idle power
    мощность на режиме полетного малого газа
    flight idle speed
    скорость полета на малом газе
    flight idle stop
    упор полетного малого газа
    (для предупреждения перевода на отрицательную тягу винта) flight inbound the station
    полет в направлении на станцию
    flight indicator
    авиагоризонт
    flight information
    1. полетная информация
    2. стирать запись полетной информации flight information board
    доска информации о рейсах
    flight information center
    центр полетной информации
    flight information display
    табло информации о рейсах
    flight information region
    район полетной информации
    flight information service
    служба полетной информации
    flight information service unit
    аэродромный диспетчерский пункт полетной информации
    flight inspection personnel
    летная инспекция
    flight inspection system
    система инспектирования полетов
    flight inspector
    пилот - инспектор
    flight instruction
    летная подготовка
    flight instructor
    пилот - инструктор
    flight instrument reading
    считывание показаний приборов в полете
    flight lane
    маршрут полета
    flight level
    эшелон полета
    flight level table
    таблица эшелонов полета
    flight load
    нагрузка в полете
    flight load feel mechanism
    полетный загрузочный механизм
    flight loading conditions
    условия нагружения в полете
    flight logbook
    бортовой журнал
    flight longitude
    географическая долгота точки маршрута
    flight management
    управление полетом
    flight management computer system
    электронная система управления полетом
    flight management system
    система управления полетом
    flight map
    карта полетов
    flight mode
    режим полета
    flight monitoring
    1. дистанционное управление воздушным судном
    2. контроль за полетом flight navigation
    аэронавигация
    flight navigator
    штурман
    flight occurrence identification
    условное обозначение события в полете
    flight on heading
    полет по курсу
    flight operating safety
    безопасность полетов
    flight operation
    выполнение полетов
    flight operations expert
    эксперт по производству налетов
    flight operations instructor
    инструктор по производству полетов
    flight operations personnel
    персонал по обеспечению полетов
    flight operations system
    система обеспечения полетов
    flight operator
    летчик
    flight outbound the station
    полет в направлении от станции
    flight over the high seas
    полет над открытым морем
    flight path
    траектория полета
    flight path angle
    угол наклона траектории полета
    flight path curvature
    кривизна траектории полета
    flight path envelope
    диапазон изменения траектории полета
    flight path segment
    участок траектории полета
    flight path tracking
    выдерживание траектории полета
    flight performance
    летная характеристика
    flight personnel
    летный состав
    flight personnel information
    информация о летном составе
    flight pick-up equipment
    приспособление для захвата объектов в процессе полета
    flight plan
    план полета
    flight plan clearance
    разрешение на выполнение плана полета
    flight plan filing
    регистрация плана полета
    flight plan form
    бланк плана полета
    flight planner
    диспетчер по планированию полетов
    flight planning
    планирование полетов
    flight plan submission deadline
    срок представления плана на полет
    flight precise information
    точная полетная информация
    flight preparation
    предполетная подготовка
    flight preparation form
    анкета предполетной подготовки
    flight procedure
    схема полета
    flight procedures trainer
    тренажер для отработки техники пилотирования
    flight progress board
    планшет хода полета
    flight progress display
    индикатор хода полета
    flight progress information
    информация о ходе полета
    flight progress strip
    полетный лист
    flight range
    дальность полета
    flight range with no reserves
    дальность полета до полного израсходования топлива
    flight reasonable precautions
    необходимые меры предосторожности в полете
    flight recorder
    бортовой регистратор
    flight recorder record
    запись бортового регистратора
    flight recorder recording
    запись бортового регистратора
    flight recorder system
    система бортовых регистраторов
    flight recording medium
    носитель полетной информации
    flight recovery
    восстановление заданного положения
    flight regularity communication
    связь по обеспечению регулярности полетов
    flight regulation
    организация полетов
    flight replanning
    изменение плана полета
    flight report
    донесение о ходе полета
    flight report identification
    условное обозначение в сообщении о ходе полета
    flight request
    заявка на полет
    flight restart
    повторный запуск в полете
    flight restart button
    кнопка запуска двигателя в воздухе
    flight resumption
    возобновление полетов
    flight review
    летная проверка
    flight route
    маршрут полета
    flight routing
    прокладка маршрута полета
    flight rules
    правила полетов
    flight safety
    безопасность полетов
    flight safety hazard
    угроза безопасности полетов
    flight safety precautions
    меры безопасности в полете
    flight schedule
    график полета
    flight service
    служба обеспечения полетов
    flight service kit
    бортовой набор инструмента
    flight service range
    эксплуатационная дальность полета
    flight service station
    станция службы обеспечения полетов
    flight significant information
    основная полетная информация
    flight simulation
    моделирование условий полета
    flight simulation system
    система имитации полета
    flight simulator
    имитатор условий полета
    flight speed
    скорость полета
    flight spoiler
    интерцептор - элерон
    flight stage
    этап полета
    flight standards
    летные нормы
    flight status
    литер рейса
    (определяет степень важности полета) flight stress measurement tests
    испытания по замеру нагрузки в полете
    flight strip
    ВПП
    flight supervision
    контроль за ходом полета
    flight technique
    техника пилотирования
    flight test
    летное испытание
    flight test noise measurement
    измерение шума в процессе летных испытаний
    flight test procedure
    методика летных испытаний
    flight test recorder
    регистратор летных испытаний
    flight test technique
    методика летных испытаний
    flight thrust
    тяга в полете
    flight time
    полетное время
    flight time limitation
    ограничение полетного времени
    flight timetable
    расписание полетов
    flight track
    линия пути полета
    flight training
    летная подготовка
    flight training deficiency
    недостаток летной подготовки
    flight training procedure
    методика летной подготовки
    flight type
    тип полета
    flight under the rules
    полет по установленным правилам
    flight urgency signal
    сигнал действий в полете
    flight visibility
    видимость в полете
    flight visual contact
    визуальный контакт в полете
    flight visual cue
    визуальный ориентир в полете
    flight visual range
    дальность видимости в полете
    flight watch
    контроль полета
    flight weather briefing
    предполетный инструктаж по метеообстановке
    flight wind shear
    сдвиг ветра в зоне полета
    formation flight
    полет в строю
    free flight
    свободный полет
    full-scale flight
    имитация полета в натуральных условиях
    full-throttle flight
    полет на полном газе
    given conditions of flight
    заданные условия полета
    gliding flight
    планирующий полет
    go-around flight manoeuvre
    уход на второй круг
    govern the flight
    управлять ходом полета
    grid flight
    полет по условным меридианам
    handle the flight controls
    оперировать органами управления полетом
    hazardous flight conditions
    опасные условия полета
    head-down flight
    полет по приборам
    head-up flight
    полет по индикации на стекле
    head-wind flight
    полет со встречным ветром
    hidden flight hazard
    неожиданное препятствие в полете
    high-speed flight
    скоростной полет
    hing-altitude flight
    высотный полет
    holding flight
    полет в зоне ожидания
    holding flight level
    высота полета в зоне ожидания
    horizontal flight
    горизонтальный полет
    horizontal flight path
    траектория горизонтального полета
    hover flight
    полет в режиме висения
    hypersonic flight
    гиперзвуковой полет
    idle flight
    полет на малом газе
    inaugural flight
    полет, открывающий воздушное сообщение
    inclusive flight
    туристический рейс типа инклюзив тур
    incontrollable flight
    неуправляемый полет
    in flight
    в процессе полета
    in flight blunder
    грубая ошибка в процессе полета
    in flight bump
    воздушная яма на пути полета
    instructional check flight
    учебный проверочный полет
    instructional dual flight
    учебный полет с инструктором
    instructional solo flight
    учебный самостоятельный полет
    instrument flight
    полет по приборам
    instrument flight plan
    план полета по приборам
    instrument flight procedure
    схема полета по приборам
    instrument flight rules
    правила полетов по приборам
    instrument flight rules operation
    полет по приборам
    instrument flight trainer
    тренажер для подготовки к полетам по приборам
    instrument flight training
    подготовка для полетов по приборам
    intended flight
    планируемый полет
    intended flight path
    предполагаемая траектория полета
    intermediate flight stop
    промежуточная посадка
    international flight
    международный рейс
    international flight stage
    этап полета над другим государством
    introductory flight
    вывозной полет
    inward flight
    вход в зону аэродрома
    jeopardize flight safety
    угрожать безопасности полетов
    jeopardize the flight
    подвергать полет опасности
    jettisoned load in flight
    груз, сброшенный в полете
    latch the propeller flight stop
    ставить воздушный винт на полетный упор
    lateral flight path
    траектория бокового пролета
    level flight
    горизонтальный полет
    level flight noise requirements
    нормы шума при полетах на эшелоне
    level flight path
    траектория горизонтального полета
    level flight time
    время горизонтального полета
    limit flight time
    ограничивать полетное время
    line of flight
    линия полета
    line oriental flight training
    летная подготовка в условиях, приближенных к реальным
    local flight
    аэродромный полет
    long-distance flight
    магистральный полет
    low altitude flight planning chart
    карта планирования полетов на малых высотах
    lower flight level
    нижний эшелон полета
    low flight
    полет на малых высотах
    low-level flight
    бреющий полет
    low-speed flight
    полет на малой скорости
    low-visibility flight
    полет в условиях плохой видимости
    maiden flight
    первый полет
    maintain the flight level
    выдерживать заданный эшелон полета
    maintain the flight procedure
    выдерживать установленный порядок полетов
    maintain the flight watch
    выдерживать заданный график полета
    man-directed flight
    управляемый полет
    manipulate the flight controls
    оперировать органами управления полетом
    mechanical flight release latch
    механизм открытия защелки в полете
    meteorological reconnaissance flight
    полет для разведки метеорологической обстановки
    mid-course flight
    полет на среднем участке маршрута
    minimum flight path
    траектория полета наименьшей продолжительности
    misinterpreted flight instructions
    команды, неправильно понятые экипажем
    misjudged flight distance
    неправильно оцененное расстояние в полете
    mode of flight
    режим полета
    modify the flight plan
    уточнять план полета
    monitor the flight
    следить за полетом
    multistage flight
    многоэтапный полет
    night flight
    ночной полет
    noise certification takeoff flight path
    траектория взлета, сертифицированная по шуму
    noiseless flight
    малошумный полет
    nonrevenue flight
    некоммерческий рейс
    nonscheduled flight
    полет вне расписания
    nonstop flight
    беспосадочный полет
    nontraffic flight
    служебный рейс
    nonvisual flight
    полет в условиях отсутствия видимости
    odd flight level
    свободный эшелон полета
    off-airway flight
    полет вне установленного маршрута
    one-stop flight
    полет с промежуточной остановкой
    one-way flight
    полет в одном направлении
    on-type flight experience
    общий налет на определенном типе воздушного судна
    operational flight information service
    оперативное полетно-информационное обслуживание
    operational flight plan
    действующий план полета
    operational flight planning
    оперативное планирование полетов
    operational flight procedures
    эксплуатационные приемы пилотирования
    orientation flight
    полет для ознакомления с местностью
    out-and-return flight
    полет туда - обратно
    out-of-trim flight
    несбалансированный полет
    outward flight
    уход из зоны аэродрома
    overland flight
    трансконтинентальный полет
    oversold flight
    перебронированный рейс
    overwater flight
    полет над водным пространством
    overweather flight
    полет над облаками
    performance flight
    полет для проверки летных характеристик
    pleasure flight
    прогулочный полет
    point-to-point flight
    полет по размеченному маршруту
    portion of a flight
    отрезок полета
    positioning flight
    полет с целью перебазирования
    powered flight
    полет с работающими двигателями
    power-off flight
    полет с выключенными двигателями
    power-on flight
    полет с работающими двигателями
    practice flight
    тренировочный полет
    prearranged flight
    запланированный полет
    prescribed flight duty
    установленные обязанности в полете
    prescribed flight track
    предписанный маршрут полета
    preset flight level
    заданный эшелон полета
    private flight
    полет с частного воздушного судна
    production test flight
    заводской испытательный полет
    profit-making flight
    прибыльный рейс
    provisional flight forecast
    ориентировочный прогноз на полет
    radio navigation flight
    полет с помощью радионавигационных средств
    reach the flight level
    занимать заданный эшелон полета
    rearward flight
    полет хвостом вперед
    receive flight instruction
    получать задания на полет
    reference flight
    полет по наземным ориентирам или по командам наземных станций
    reference flight procedure
    исходная схема полета
    reference flight speed
    расчетная скорость полета
    refuel in flight
    дозаправлять топливом в полете
    refuelling flight
    полет с дозаправкой топлива в воздухе
    regular flight
    полет по расписанию
    relief flight
    рейс для оказания помощи
    repetitive flight plan
    план повторяющихся полетов
    replan the flight
    измерять маршрут полета
    reportable flight coupon
    отчетный полетный купон
    report reaching the flight level
    докладывать о занятии заданного эшелона полета
    restart the engine in flight
    запускать двигатель в полете
    resume the flight
    возобновлять полет
    return flight
    обратный рейс
    revenue earning flight
    коммерческий рейс
    rhumb-line flight
    полет по локсодромии
    rotorcraft flight structure
    несущая система вертолета
    round-trip flight
    полет по круговому маршруту
    routine flight
    ежедневный рейс
    sailing flight
    парящий полет
    scheduled flight
    полет по расписанию
    sector flight
    полет в установленном секторе
    select the flight route
    выбирать маршрут полета
    shakedown flight
    испытательный полет
    short-haul flight
    полет на короткое расстояние
    shuttle flights
    челночные полеты
    sideward flight speed
    скорость бокового движения
    (вертолета) sight-seeing flight
    прогулочный полет с осмотром достопримечательностей
    simulated flight
    имитируемый полет
    simulated flight test
    испытание путем имитации полета
    simulated instrument flight
    имитируемый полет по приборам
    single-engined flight
    полет на одном двигателе
    single-heading flight
    полет с постоянным курсом
    soaring flight
    парящий полет
    solo flight
    самостоятельный полет
    special event flight
    полет в связи с особыми обстоятельствами
    stabilized flight
    установившийся полет
    staggered flight level
    смещенный эшелон полета
    stall flight
    полет на критическом угле атаки
    standoff flight
    полет в установленной зоне
    stationary flight
    установившийся полет
    steady flight
    установившийся полет
    steady flight speed
    скорость установившегося полета
    still-air flight
    полет в невозмущенной атмосфере
    still-air flight range
    дальность полета в невозмущенной атмосфере
    stored flight plan
    резервный план полета
    straight flight
    прямолинейный полет
    submission of a flight plan
    представление плана полета
    submit the flight plan
    представлять план полета
    subsonic flight
    дозвуковой полет
    supernumerary flight crew
    дополнительный летный экипаж
    supersonic flight
    сверхзвуковой полет
    supervised flight
    полет под наблюдением
    supplementary flight plan
    дополнительный план полета
    synthetic flight trainer
    комплексный пилотажный тренажер
    tailwind flight
    полет с попутным ветром
    takeoff flight path
    траектория взлета
    takeoff flight path area
    зона набора высоты при взлете
    taxi-class flight
    рейс аэротакси
    terminate the flight
    завершать полет
    test flight
    испытательный полет
    test in flight
    испытывать в полете
    theory of flight
    теория полета
    through flight
    сквозной полет
    through on the same flight
    транзитом тем же рейсом
    total flight experience
    общий налет
    traffic by flight stage
    поэтапные воздушные перевозки
    training dual flight
    тренировочный полет с инструктором
    training flight
    тренировочный полет
    training flight engineer
    бортинженер - инструктор
    training solo flight
    тренировочный самостоятельный полет
    transfer flight
    рейс с пересадкой
    transient flight
    неустановившийся полет
    transient flight path
    траектория неустановившегося полета
    transit flight
    транзитный рейс
    trial flight
    испытательный полет
    turbulent flight
    полет в условиях болтанки
    turnround flight
    полет туда-обратно
    unaccelerated flight
    установившийся полет
    uncontrolled flight
    неконтролируемый полет
    under flight test
    испытываемый в полете
    undergo flight tests
    проводить летные испытания
    unofficial flight information
    неофициальная информация о полете
    unscheduled flight
    полет вне расписания
    unsteady flight
    неустановившийся полет
    upper flight information region
    верхний район полетной информации
    upper flight level
    верхний эшелон полета
    upper flight region
    район полетов верхнего воздушного пространства
    usable flight level
    рабочий эшелон полета
    vectored flight
    управляемый полет
    visual contact flight
    полет с визуальной ориентировкой
    visual flight
    визуальный полет
    visual flight rules
    правила визуального полета
    visual navigation flight
    полет по наземным ориентирам
    VOR course flight
    полет по маякам ВОР
    while in flight
    в процессе полета
    wings-level flight
    полет без крена
    with rated power flight
    полет на номинальном расчетном режиме

    English-Russian aviation dictionary > flight

  • 109 delegate

    "Someone who has been specified by a manager (or other person) to make or receive calls on their behalf. Delegates can change call forwarding settings and add other delegates. Delegates are automatically given “Team Access,” which allows them to contact the “manager” even when his or her presence is set to Do not Disturb."
    مفوَّض

    English-Arabic terms dictionary > delegate

  • 110 hand

    /hænd/ * danh từ - tay, bàn tay (người); bàn chân trước (loài vật bốn chân) =hand in hand+ tay nắm tay =to shake hands+ bắt tay =hands off!+ bỏ tay ra!; không được đụng vào; không được can thiệp vào! =hands up!+ giơ tay lên! (hàng hoặc biểu quyết...) - quyền hành; sự có sãn (trong tay); sự nắm giữ (trong tay); sự kiểm soát =to have something on hand+ có sãn cái gì trong tay =to have the situation well in hand+ nắm chắc được tình hình =in the hands of+ trong tay (ai), dưới quyền kiểm soát của (ai) =to change hands+ sang tay người khác; thay tay đổi chủ (vật) =to fall into the hands of+ rơi vào tay (ai) - sự tham gia, sự nhúng tay vào; phần tham gia =to have (bear) a hand in something+ có tham gia vào việc gì, có nhúng tay vào việc gì - sự hứa hôn =to give one's hand to+ hứa hôn với, bằng lòng lấy (ai) - ((thường) số nhiều) công nhân, nhân công (nhà máy, công trường...); thuỷ thủ =all hands on deck!+ toàn thể thuỷ thủ lên boong! - người làm (một việc gì), một tay =a good hand at fencing+ một tay đấu kiếm giỏi - nguồn =to hear the information from a good hand+ nghe tin tức từ một nguồn đáng tin cậy =to hear the news at first hand+ nghe tin trực tiếp (không qua một nguồn nào khác) - sự khéo léo, sự khéo tay =to have a hand at pastry+ khéo làm bánh ngọt, làm bánh ngọt khéo tay - chữ viết tay; chữ ký =to write a good hand+ viết tốt, viết đẹp =a very clear hand+ chữ viết rất rõ =under someone's hand and seal+ có chữ ký và đóng dấu của ai - kim (đồng hồ) =long hand+ kim dài (kim phút) =short hand+ kim ngắn (kim giờ) - nải (chuối) =a hand of bananas+ nải chuối - (một) buộc, (một) nắm =a hand of tobacco leaves+ một buộc thuốc lá - (một) gang tay (đơn vị đo chiều cao của ngựa, bằng 4 insơ) - phía, bên, hướng =on all hands+ tứ phía, khắp nơi; từ khắp nơi =on the right hand+ ở phía tay phải =on the one hand..., on the other hand...+ mặt này..., mặt khác... - (đánh bài) sắp bài (có trên tay); ván bài; chân đánh bài =to take a hand at cards+ đánh một ván bài - (từ lóng) tiếng vỗ tay hoan hô =big hand+ tiếng vỗ tay vang lên !at hand - gần ngay, có thể với tới được, rất tiện tay - sắp đến, sắp tới !at somebody's hands - ở tay ai, từ tay ai =to receive something at somebody's hands+ nhận được cái gì từ tay ai !to bear (give, lend) a hand to someone - giúp đỡ ai một tay !to be hand in glove with - (xem) glove !to bite the hand that feeds you - (tục ngữ) ăn cháo đái bát !brough up by hand - nuôi bằng sữa bò (trẻ con) !with a high hand - hống hách; kiêu căng, ngạo mạn !to chuck one's hand in - đầu hàng, hạ vũ khí, chịu thua (cuộc) !to clean hand wants no washing - (tục ngữ) vô tội thì chẳng việc gì mà phải thanh minh !to clean hand - (nghĩa bóng) sự trong trắng, sự vô tội !to come to hand(s) - đến tay đã nhận (thư từ...) !to do a hand's turn - làm một cố gắng nhỏ, trở bàn tay ((thường), phủ định) !to figh for one's own hand - chiến đấu vì lợi ích của bản thân !to gain (get, have) the upper hand !to have the better hand - thắng thế, chiếm ưu thế !to get something off one's hands - gạt bỏ cái gì, tống khứ cái gì - giũ trách nhiệm về một việc gì !to have the whip hand of someone - (xem) whip_hand !to give the glad hand to somebody - (xem) glad !to gop hand in hand with - đi tay nắm tay, đi bằng hàng với, đi song song với ((nghĩa đen) & (nghĩa bóng)) !hand over hand !hand over fist - tay này bắt tiếp lên tay kia (như lúc leo dây) - (nghĩa bóng) tiến bộ chắc chắn, tiến bộ nhanh !hands down - dễ dàng, không khó khăn gì =to win hands down+ thắng một cách dễ dàng =to hang heavily on one's hands+ kéo dài một cách rất chậm chạp, trôi đi một cách rất chậm chạp (thời gian) !to have a free hand - được hoàn toàn tự do hành động, được hành động hoàn toàn theo ý mình !to have a hand like a foot - lóng ngóng, hậu đậu !to have an open hand - hào phóng, rộng rãi !his hand is out - anh ta chưa quen tay, anh ta bỏ lâu không luyện tập !to have (hold, keep) in hand (well in hand) - nắm chắc trong tay !to have one's hands full - bận việc, không được một lúc nào rảnh rỗi !to have one's hands tied - bị trói tay ((nghĩa đen) & (nghĩa bóng)) !heavy hand - bàn tay sắt, sự độc tài chuyên chế !a helping hand - sự giúp đỡ !to join hands - (xem) join !to keep a tigh hand on somebody - khống chế ai, kiềm chế ai chặt chẽ !to keep (have) one's hands in - vẫn tập luyện đều !to lay hands on - đặt tay vào, để tay vào, sờ vào - chiếm lấy, nắm lấy (cái gì) - hành hung !to live from hand to mouth - (xem) live !on one's hands - trong tay, chịu trách nhiệm phải cáng đáng !out of hand - ngay lập tức, không chậm trễ - không chuẩn bị trước; ứng khẩu, tuỳ hứng - không nắm được, không kiểm soát được nữa !don't put your hand between the bark and the tree - đừng dính vào chuyện riêng của vợ chồng người ta !to put one's hand to the plough - (xem) plough !to serve (wait on) somebody hand and foot - tận tay phục vụ ai, làm mọi việc lặt vặt để phục vụ ai !a show of hands - sự giơ tay biểu quyết (bầu) !to sit on one's hands - (từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ) được vỗ tay thưa thớt - ngồi khoanh tay không làm gì !to stay somebody's hand - chặn tay ai lại (không cho làm gì) !to take in hand - nhận làm, chịu trách nhiệm làm, chịu cáng đáng !to take one's fate into one's hands - tự mình nắm lấy vận mệnh của mình !to throw up one's hand - bỏ cuộc !to hand - đã nhận được, đã đến tay (thư) =your letter to hand+ bức thư của ông mà chúng tôi đã nhận được (trong thư thương mại) !to wash one's hands - (xem) wash * ngoại động từ - đưa, trao tay, chuyển giao; truyền cho =to hand the plate round+ chuyền tay nhau đưa đĩa đồ ăn đi một vòng =to hand something over to someone+ chuyển (trao) cái gì cho ai =to hand down (on) to posterity+ truyền cho hậu thế - đưa tay đỡ =to hand someone into (out of) the carriage+ (đưa tay) đỡ ai lên (ra khỏi) xe - (hàng hải) cuộn (buồm) lại !to hand in one's check - (xem) check

    English-Vietnamese dictionary > hand

  • 111 nhiên

    - hay, dễ chịu, thú vị =a welcome change+ sự thay đổi dễ chịu =welcome news+ tin hay, tin vui =to be most welcome+ đến đúng lúc !you are welcome - (từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ), (thông tục) không dám, có gì đâu (nói để đáp lại lời cm n) * thán từ - hoan nghênh! =Welcome to Vietnam!+ hoanh nghênh các bạn đến thăm Việt nam! * danh từ - sự được tiếp đ i ân cần, sự đón tiếp ân cần; sự hoan nghênh =to receive a warm welcome+ được đón tiếp niềm nở =to meet with a cold welcome+ được đón tiếp một cách lạnh nhạt =to wear out (outstay) one's welcome+ ở chi lâu đến nỗi người ta không muốn tiếp nữa =to bid someone welcome+ chào mừng ai * ngoại động từ - đón tiếp ân cần; hoan nghênh =to welcome a friend home+ đón tiếp ân cần một người bạn ở nhà mình, hoan nghênh một người bạn đi xa mới

    English-Vietnamese dictionary > nhiên

  • 112 equipment

    n
    1) обладнання, оснащення, апаратура
    4) часто мн.; військ. матеріальна частина; бойова техніка
    - aerial equipment - aeronautical equipment - aeroplane equipment - aerospace ground equipment - airborne equipment - airborne direction finding equipment - airborne electronics equipment - airborne identification equipment - airborne radar equipment - airborne search equipment - airborne weather equipment - air-conditioning equipment - aircraft equipment - aircraft communication equipment - aircraft fixed equipment - aircraft navigation equipment - aircraft parking equipment - aircraft portable equipment - aircraft recorder equipment - aircraft servicing equipment - airslide equipment - angle measurement equipment - area navigation equipment - autoflare equipment - automated equipment - automatic equipment - automatic data transfer equipment - automatic direction-finding equipment - automatic flight control equipment - automatic stabilization equipment - automatic test equipment - avionics equipment - backup equipment - bathroom-and-lavatory equipment - blind flight equipment - built-in test equipment - carburetor heat equipment - cargo handling equipment - cargo loading equipment - catering equipment - ceiling measurement equipment - change-over equipment - cockpit equipment - collision warning equipment - communication equipment - computer equipment - data circuit-terminating equipment - data terminal equipment - distance measuring equipment - ditching equipment - domestic equipment - dusting equipment - electrical equipment - emergency escape equipment - emergency equipment - environmental control system equipment - enhanced X-ray equipment - fire-fighting equipment - first aid equipment - fixed equipment - flight crew equipment - flight pick-up equipment - fueling equipment - glide-path equipment - glider launch equipment - glider tow equipment - ground equipment - ground service equipment - guidance equipment - hand safety equipment - high-altitude equipment - ILS equipment - inertial navigational equipment - intercommunication equipment - jamming equipment - life-saving equipment - life support equipment - lifting and transporting equipment - loading equipment - loose equipment - measuring equipment - metering equipment - military equipment - modern equipment - navigation equipment - night-flying equipment - oxygen dispensing equipment - passenger handling equipment - pneumatic equipment - power equipment - primary and secondary beacon radar equipment - radar equipment - radio equipment - radio communication equipment - recording equipment - recovery equipment - reliable equipment - remote control equipment - reproducing equipment - rescue equipment - restraint equipment - rigging equipment - safety equipment - security equipment - sensing equipment - sign towing equipment - snow clearing equipment - snow removal equipment - spray equipment - standby equipment - survival equipment - survival radio equipment - suspended equipment - TACAN equipment - tactical air navigation equipment - test equipment - transmit/receive equipment - turbulence detection equipment - VOR equipment - waste equipment

    English-Ukrainian dictionary of aviation terms > equipment

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  • change — n. & v. n. 1 a the act or an instance of making or becoming different. b an alteration or modification (the change in her expression). 2 a money given in exchange for money in larger units or a different currency. b money returned as the balance… …   Useful english dictionary

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