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41 costituire

[kostitu'ire]
1. vt

1) (fondare: società, comitato, governo) to set up, form, (accumulare: patrimonio, raccolta) to build up, put together

hanno costituito un nuovo gruppo — they've formed a new group

2) (formare: sogg: elementi, parti) to constitute, make up

3) (essere, rappresentare) to be, constitute

costituisce un vero problema! — it's a real problem!

il fatto non costituisce reato Dir — this is not a crime

4) (Dir : nominare) to appoint

costituire qn presidente/erede — to appoint sb chairman/one's heir

2. vr (costituirsi)

1) (organizzarsi)

costituirsi in società — to form a company

costituirsi in regione autonoma — to become an independent region

2) (ricercato)

costituirsi (alla polizia) — to give o.s. up (to the police)

3) Dir

costituirsi parte civile — to associate in an action with the public prosecutor for damages

Nuovo dizionario Italiano-Inglese > costituire
42 good

good [gʊd]

bon ⇒ 1A (a)-(d), 1B (a), 1C (a), 1C (c), 1C (d), 1D (a)-(e), 1E (a)-(d), 2 (a) beau ⇒ 1A (a), 1D (b) gentil ⇒ 1B (a) sage ⇒ 1B (b) favorable ⇒ 1C (b) bien ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (b), 3 pour ainsi dire ⇒ 5 pour de bon ⇒ 6

(compar better ['betə(r)], superl best [best])

1 adjective

A.

(a) (enjoyable, pleasant → book, feeling, holiday) bon, agréable; (→ weather) beau (belle);

∎ we're good friends nous sommes très amis;

∎ we're just good friends on est des amis, c'est tout;

∎ she has a good relationship with her staff elle a un bon contact avec ses employés;

∎ they have a good sex life sexuellement, tout va bien entre eux;

∎ they had a good time ils se sont bien amusés;

∎ we had good weather during the holidays il faisait beau pendant nos vacances;

∎ good to eat/to hear bon à manger/à entendre;

∎ it's good to be home ça fait du bien ou ça fait plaisir de rentrer chez soi;

∎ it's good to be alive il fait bon vivre;

∎ wait until he's in a good mood attendez qu'il soit de bonne humeur;

∎ to feel good être en forme;

∎ he doesn't feel good about leaving her alone (worried) ça l'ennuie de la laisser seule; (ashamed) il a honte de la laisser seule;

∎ it's too good to be true c'est trop beau pour être vrai ou pour y croire;

∎ the good life la belle vie;

∎ she's never had it so good! elle n'a jamais eu la vie si belle!;

∎ this is as good as you can get or as it gets c'est ce qui se fait de mieux;

∎ have a good day! bonne journée!;

∎ it's good to see you je suis/nous sommes content(s) de te voir;

∎ American familiar good to see you content de te voir;

∎ you can have too much of a good thing on se lasse de tout, même du meilleur

(b) (high quality → clothing, dishes) bon, de bonne qualité; (→ painting, film) bon; (→ food) bon;

∎ it's a good school c'est une bonne école;

∎ he speaks good English il parle bien anglais;

∎ she put her good shoes on elle a mis ses belles chaussures;

∎ I need a good suit j'ai besoin d'un bon costume;

∎ this house is good enough for me cette maison me suffit;

∎ if it's good enough for you, it's good enough for me si ça vous va, alors ça me va aussi;

∎ this isn't good enough ça ne va pas;

∎ this work isn't good enough ce travail laisse beaucoup à désirer;

∎ nothing is too good for her family rien n'est trop beau pour sa famille;

∎ it makes good television ça marche bien à la télévision

(c) (competent, skilful) bon, compétent;

∎ do you know a good lawyer? connaissez-vous un bon avocat?;

∎ she's a very good doctor c'est un excellent médecin;

∎ he's a good swimmer c'est un bon nageur;

∎ she's a good listener c'est quelqu'un qui sait écouter;

∎ to be good in bed être bien au lit;

∎ he's too good for that job il mérite une meilleure situation;

∎ to be good at sth être doué pour ou bon en qch;

∎ they're good at everything ils sont bons en tout;

∎ he's good with children il sait s'y prendre avec les enfants;

∎ to be good with one's hands être habile ou adroit de ses mains;

∎ they're not good enough to direct the others ils ne sont pas à la hauteur pour diriger les autres;

∎ you're as good as he is tu le vaux bien, tu vaux autant que lui;

∎ she's as good an artist as you are elle vous vaut en tant qu'artiste;

∎ to be good on French history/contract law (author) être bon en histoire de France/sur le droit des contrats;

∎ to be good on sth (book) être complet sur qch;

∎ the good gardening guide (title of book) le guide du bon jardinier

(d) (useful) bon;

∎ to be good for nothing être bon à rien;

∎ this product is also good for cleaning windows ce produit est bien aussi pour nettoyer les vitres

(e) (in greetings)

∎ good afternoon! (hello) bonjour!; (goodbye) bon après-midi!;

∎ good day! British or & American old-fashioned (hello) bonjour!; British old-fashioned (goodbye) adieu!;

∎ good evening! bonsoir!;

∎ good morning! (hello) bonjour!; (goodbye) au revoir!, bonne journée!

B.

(a) (kind) bon, gentil; (loyal, true) bon, véritable; (moral, virtuous) bon;

∎ good behaviour or conduct bonne conduite f;

∎ she's a good person c'est quelqu'un de bien;

∎ he's a good sort c'est un brave type;

∎ she proved to be a good friend elle a prouvé qu'elle était une véritable amie;

∎ he's been a good husband to her il a été pour elle un bon mari;

∎ you're too good for him tu mérites mieux que lui;

∎ they took advantage of his good nature ils ont profité de son bon naturel ou caractère;

∎ he's a good Christian/communist c'est un bon chrétien/communiste;

∎ to lead a good life (comfortable) avoir une belle vie; (moral) mener une vie vertueuse ou exemplaire;

∎ they've always been good to me ils ont toujours été gentils avec moi;

∎ life has been good to me j'ai eu de la chance dans la vie;

∎ that's very good of you c'est très aimable de votre part;

∎ he was very good about it il s'est montré très compréhensif;

∎ it's good of you to come c'est aimable ou gentil à vous d'être venu;

∎ would you be good enough to ask him? auriez-vous la bonté de lui demander?, seriez-vous assez aimable pour lui demander?;

∎ would you be good enough to reply by return of post? voudriez-vous avoir l'obligeance de répondre par retour du courrier?;

∎ old-fashioned or humorous and how's your good lady? et comment va madame?;

∎ old-fashioned or humorous my good man mon brave;

∎ literary good men and true des hommes vaillants;

∎ literary the good ship Caledonia le Caledonia

(b) (well-behaved) sage;

∎ be good! sois sage!;

∎ be a good boy and fetch Mummy's bag sois mignon, va chercher le sac de maman;

∎ good dog! (encouraging) oh, le beau chien!; (congratulating) c'est bien, le chien!

C.

(a) (desirable, positive) bon, souhaitable; (cause) bon;

∎ it's a good thing she's prepared to talk about it c'est une bonne chose qu'elle soit prête à en parler;

∎ she had the good fortune to arrive just then elle a eu la chance d'arriver juste à ce moment-là;

∎ it's a good job or good thing he decided not to go c'est une chance qu'il ait décidé de ou heureusement qu'il a décidé de ne pas y aller;

∎ all good wishes for the New Year tous nos meilleurs vœux pour le nouvel an

(b) (favourable → contract, deal) avantageux, favorable; (→ opportunity, sign) bon, favorable;

∎ to buy sth at a good price acheter qch bon marché ou à un prix avantageux;

∎ you've got a good chance tu as toutes tes chances;

∎ she's in a good position to help us elle est bien placée pour nous aider;

∎ there are good times ahead l'avenir est prometteur;

∎ he put in a good word for me with the boss il a glissé un mot en ma faveur au patron;

∎ it's looking good (is going well) ça a l'air de bien se passer; (is going to succeed) ça se présente bien;

∎ he's looking good (of boxer, athlete, election candidate) il a toutes ses chances

(c) (convenient, suitable → place, time) bon, propice; (→ choice) bon, convenable;

∎ it's a good holiday spot for people with children c'est un lieu de vacances idéal pour ceux qui ont des enfants;

∎ is this a good moment to ask him? est-ce un bon moment pour lui demander?;

∎ this is as good a time as any autant le faire maintenant;

∎ it's as good a way as any to do it c'est une façon comme une autre de le faire

(d) (beneficial) bon, bienfaisant;

∎ protein-rich diets are good for pregnant women les régimes riches en protéines sont bons pour les femmes enceintes;

∎ eat your spinach, it's good for you mange tes épinards, c'est bon pour toi;

∎ hard work is good for the soul! le travail forme le caractère!;

∎ whisky is good for a cold le whisky est bon pour les rhumes;

∎ to be good for business être bon pour les affaires;

∎ he's not good for her il a une mauvaise influence sur elle;

∎ this cold weather isn't good for your health ce froid n'est pas bon pour ta santé ou est mauvais pour toi;

∎ it's good for him to spend time outdoors ça lui fait du bien ou c'est bon pour lui de passer du temps dehors;

∎ he works more than is good for him il travaille plus qu'il ne faudrait ou devrait;

∎ figurative he doesn't know what's good for him il ne sait pas ce qui est bon pour lui;

∎ figurative if you know what's good for you, you'll listen si tu as le moindre bon sens, tu m'écouteras

D.

(a) (sound, strong) bon, valide;

∎ I can do a lot with my good arm je peux faire beaucoup de choses avec mon bras valide;

∎ my eyesight/hearing is good j'ai une bonne vue/l'ouïe fine

(b) (attractive → appearance) bon, beau (belle); (→ features, legs) beau (belle), joli;

∎ you're looking good! (healthy) tu as bonne mine!; (well-dressed) tu es très bien!;

∎ that colour looks good on him cette couleur lui va bien;

∎ she has a good figure elle est bien faite;

∎ the vase looks good there le vase rend très bien là

(c) (valid, well-founded) bon, valable;

∎ she had a good excuse/reason for not going elle avait une bonne excuse pour/une bonne raison de ne pas y aller;

∎ I wouldn't have come without good reason je ne serais pas venu sans avoir une bonne raison;

∎ they made out a good case against drinking tap water ils ont bien expliqué pourquoi il ne fallait pas boire l'eau du robinet

(d) (reliable, trustworthy → brand, car) bon, sûr; Commerce & Finance (→ cheque) bon; (→ investment, securities) sûr; (→ debt) bon, certain;

∎ my passport is good for five years mon passeport est bon ou valable pour cinq ans;

∎ this coat is good for another year ce manteau fera encore un an;

∎ familiar she's good for another ten years elle en a bien encore pour dix ans;

∎ familiar he's always good for a laugh il sait toujours faire rire^□ ;

∎ how much money are you good for? (do you have) de combien d'argent disposez-vous?;

∎ he should be good for a couple of hundred pounds on devrait pouvoir en tirer quelques centaines de livres;

∎ they are or their credit is good for £500 on peut leur faire crédit jusqu'à 500 livres

(e) (honourable, reputable) bon, estimé;

∎ they live at a good address ils habitent un quartier chic;

∎ to protect their good name pour défendre leur réputation;

∎ the firm has a good name la société a (une) bonne réputation;

∎ she's from a good family elle est de bonne famille;

∎ a family of good standing une famille bien

E.

(a) (ample, considerable) bon, considérable;

∎ a good amount or deal of money beaucoup d'argent;

∎ a good (round) sum une somme rondelette;

∎ a good few people pas mal de gens;

∎ take good care of your mother prends bien soin de ta mère;

∎ to make good money bien gagner sa vie;

∎ I make good money je gagne bien ma vie;

∎ we still have a good way to go nous avons encore un bon bout de chemin à faire;

∎ I was a good way into the book when I realized that… j'avais déjà bien avancé dans ma lecture quand je me suis rendu compte que…;

∎ a good thirty years ago il y a bien trente ans;

∎ the trip will take you a good two hours il vous faudra deux bonnes heures pour faire le voyage;

∎ she's been gone a good while ça fait un bon moment qu'elle est partie;

∎ they came in a good second ils ont obtenu une bonne deuxième place;

∎ there's a good risk of it happening il y a de grands risques que ça arrive

(b) (proper, thorough) bon, grand;

∎ I gave the house a good cleaning j'ai fait le ménage à fond;

∎ have a good cry pleure un bon coup;

∎ we had a good laugh on a bien ri;

∎ I managed to get a good look at his face j'ai pu bien regarder son visage;

∎ take a good look at her regardez-la bien;

∎ he got a good spanking il a reçu une bonne fessée;

∎ familiar we were good and mad on était carrément furax;

∎ she'll call when she's good and ready elle appellera quand elle le voudra bien;

∎ I was good and sorry to have invited her j'ai bien regretté de l'avoir invitée

(c) (acceptable) bon, convenable;

∎ we made the trip in good time le voyage n'a pas été trop long;

∎ that's all very good or all well and good but→ c'est bien joli ou bien beau tout ça mais…

(d) (indicating approval) bon, très bien;

∎ I'd like a new suit - very good, sir! j'ai besoin d'un nouveau costume - (très) bien, monsieur!;

∎ she left him - good! elle l'a quitté - tant mieux!;

∎ he's feeling better - good, let him go il va mieux - très bien, laissez-le partir;

∎ good, that's settled bon ou bien, voilà une affaire réglée;

∎ (that) sounds good! (good idea) bonne idée!;

∎ that's a good question c'est une bonne question;

∎ familiar that's a good one! (joke) elle est (bien) bonne, celle-là!; ironic (far-fetched story) à d'autres!;

∎ familiar good on you or for you! bravo!, très bien!;

∎ good old Eric, I knew he wouldn't let us down! ce brave Eric, je savais qu'il ne nous laisserait pas tomber!;

∎ good old London le bon vieux Londres;

∎ the good old days le bon vieux temps

2 adverb

(a) (as intensifier) bien, bon;

∎ a good hard bed un lit bien dur;

∎ I'd like a good hot bath j'ai envie de prendre un bon bain chaud;

∎ he needs a good sound spanking il a besoin d'une bonne fessée;

∎ the two friends had a good long chat les deux amis ont longuement bavardé;

∎ we took a good long walk nous avons fait une bonne ou une grande promenade

(b) familiar (well) bien^□ ;

∎ she writes good elle écrit bien;

∎ the boss gave it to them good and proper le patron leur a passé un de ces savons;

∎ their team beat us good and proper leur équipe nous a battus à plate couture ou à plates coutures;

∎ I'll do it when I'm good and ready je le ferai quand ça me chantera;

∎ I like my coffee good and strong j'aime le café bien fort;

∎ make sure it's stuck on good and hard vérifie que c'est vraiment bien collé;

∎ put the paint on good and thick appliquer la peinture en couches bien épaisses

(c) (idioms)

∎ to make good (succeed) réussir; (reform) changer de conduite, se refaire une vie;

∎ a local boy made good un garçon du pays ou du coin qui a fait son chemin;

∎ the prisoner made good his escape le prisonnier est parvenu à s'échapper ou a réussi son évasion;

∎ they made good their promise ils ont tenu parole ou ont respecté leur promesse;

∎ he made good his position as leader il a assuré sa position de leader;

∎ to make sth good (mistake) remédier à qch; (damages, injustice) réparer qch; (losses) compenser qch; (deficit) combler qch; (wall, surface) apporter des finitions à qch;

∎ we'll make good any expenses you incur nous vous rembourserons toute dépense;

∎ American to make good on sth honorer qch

3 noun

(a) (morality, virtue) bien m;

∎ they do good ils font le bien;

∎ that will do more harm than good ça fera plus de mal que de bien;

∎ to return good for evil rendre le bien pour le mal;

∎ that organization is a power for good cet organisme exerce une influence salutaire;

∎ she recognized the good in him elle a vu ce qu'il y avait de bon en lui;

∎ there is good and bad in everyone il y a du bon et du mauvais en chacun de nous;

∎ to be up to no good préparer un mauvais coup;

∎ their daughter came to no good leur fille a mal tourné;

∎ for good or evil, for good or ill pour le bien et pour le mal

(b) (use)

∎ this book isn't much good to me ce livre ne me sert pas à grand-chose;

∎ if it's any good to him si ça peut lui être utile ou lui rendre service;

∎ I was never any good at mathematics je n'ai jamais été doué pour les maths, je n'ai jamais été bon ou fort en maths;

∎ he's no good il est nul;

∎ he'd be no good as a teacher il ne ferait pas un bon professeur;

∎ what's the good? à quoi bon?;

∎ what good would it do to leave now? à quoi bon partir maintenant?;

∎ what good will it do you to see her? ça te servira à quoi ou t'avancera à quoi de la voir?;

∎ familiar a fat lot of good that did you! te voilà bien avancé maintenant!;

∎ ironic that will do you a lot of good! tu seras bien avancé!, ça te fera une belle jambe!;

∎ it's no good, I give up ça ne sert à rien, j'abandonne;

∎ it's no good worrying about it ça ne sert à rien de ou ce n'est pas la peine de ou inutile de vous inquiéter;

∎ I might as well talk to the wall for all the good it does je ferais aussi bien de parler au mur, pour tout l'effet que ça fait

(c) (benefit, welfare) bien m;

∎ I did it for your own good je l'ai fait pour ton (propre) bien;

∎ a holiday will do her good des vacances lui feront du bien;

∎ she resigned for the good of her health elle a démissionné pour des raisons de santé;

∎ it does my heart good to see you so happy ça me réchauffe le cœur de vous voir si heureux;

∎ much good may it do you! grand bien vous fasse!;

∎ the common good l'intérêt m commun

4 plural noun

∎ (people) the good les bons mpl, les gens mpl de bien;

∎ the good and the bad les bons et les méchants;

∎ only the good die young ce sont toujours les meilleurs qui partent les premiers

5 as good as adverb

pour ainsi dire, à peu de choses près;

∎ I'm as good as blind without my glasses sans lunettes je suis pour ainsi dire aveugle;

∎ he's as good as dead c'est comme s'il était mort;

∎ the job is as good as finished la tâche est pour ainsi dire ou est pratiquement finie;

∎ it's as good as new c'est comme neuf;

∎ he as good as admitted he was wrong il a pour ainsi dire reconnu qu'il avait tort;

∎ they as good as called us cowards ils n'ont pas dit qu'on était des lâches mais c'était tout comme;

∎ are you married? - as good as tu es marié? - non, mais c'est tout comme

6 for good adverb

pour de bon;

∎ she left for good elle est partie pour de bon;

∎ they finally settled down for good ils se sont enfin fixés définitivement;

∎ for good and all une (bonne) fois pour toutes, pour de bon;

∎ I'm warning you for good and all! c'est la dernière fois que je te le dis!

7 to the good adverb

∎ that's all to the good tant mieux;

∎ he finished up the card game £15 to the good il a fait 15 livres de bénéfice ou il a gagné 15 livres aux cartes

►► the Good Book la Bible;

Good Friday le vendredi saint;

good looks (attractive appearance) beauté f;

American familiar good old boy or good ole boy or good ol' boy (white male from Southern US) = Blanc originaire du sud des États-Unis, aux valeurs traditionnelles; pejorative (redneck) plouc m;

Bible the Good Samaritan le bon Samaritain;

figurative good Samaritan bon Samaritain m;

∎ she's a real good Samaritan elle a tout du bon Samaritain;

American Law the good Samaritan laws = lois qui protègent un sauveteur de toutes poursuites éventuelles engagées par le blessé;

the Good Shepherd le Bon Pasteur

✾ Book 'A Good Enough Parent' Bettelheim 'Pour être des parents acceptables'

✾ Book 'Good as Gold' Heller 'Franc comme l'or'

✾ Film 'The Good, the Bad and the Ugly' Leone 'Le Bon, la brute et le truand'

ⓘ GOOD FRIDAY En Grande-Bretagne, il est traditionnel, le jour du vendredi saint, de manger des "hot cross buns" (petits pains ronds aux fruits secs, marqués d'une croix).

ⓘ THE GOOD FRIDAY AGREEMENT Le processus de paix en Irlande du Nord, qui a été amorcé par les cessez-le-feu des groupes paramilitaires républicains et unionistes en 1994, a abouti au "Good Friday Agreement", l'accord de paix signé à Belfast en avril 1998. Cet accord, parrainé par les Premiers ministres britannique et irlandais, et finalement approuvé par le Sinn Féin et par la plupart des partis unionistes, a mis en place la "Northern Ireland Assembly", un parlement quasi autonome avec un partage démocratique du pouvoir entre les communautés protestante et catholique. Cet accord est une étape vers la fin de trente ans de guerre civile en Ulster.

ⓘ You've never had it so good Ce slogan a été utilisé pour la première fois aux États-Unis en 1952 par les Démocrates. Il signifie "vous êtes aujourd'hui plus prospères que jamais". En Grande-Bretagne, ce slogan est associé au Premier ministre conservateur Harold Macmillan qui l'utilisa dans un discours en 1957. Aujourd'hui, on utilise cette formule sur le mode ironique lorsqu'une situation n'encourage pas du tout à l'optimisme.

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > good
43 substantial

substantial [səb'stænʃəl]

adjective

(a) (considerable) considérable, important; Law (damages) élevé;

∎ for a substantial sum pour une somme importante;

∎ substantial differences remain il reste des divergences importantes;

∎ a substantial number of teachers were there il y avait de nombreux professeurs

(b) (nourishing → food) nourrissant; (→ meal) solide, copieux, substantiel

(c) (convincing → argument, evidence) solide, convaincant

(d) (real, tangible) réel, substantiel; Philosophy substantiel

(e) (house → large) grand; (→ solidly built) solide;

∎ the town hall is a substantial Victorian building la mairie est un solide bâtiment de l'époque victorienne

(f) (rich) riche, aisé; (powerful) puissant; (influential) influent; (well-established) solide, bien établi;

∎ a substantial company une société solidement implantée

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > substantial
44 воздействие электрической дуги на человека
1. effects of the electrical arc on human beings
воздействие электрической дуги на человека
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[Интент]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

Effects of the electrical arc on human beings

From the above, it is evident that the electrical arc represents a hazard source for people and goods.

The hazards to which a person is exposed due to the release of energy generated by an arc event are:
• burns;
• injuries due to ejection of materials;
• damages to hearing;
• inhalation of toxic gases.

Burns

The high temperature levels of the gases produced by the electrical arc and the expulsion of incandescent metal particles may cause more or less severe burns to people.
Flames can cause all degrees of burn up to carbonization: the red-hot solid bodies, such as the metal fragments of the assembly involved, cause third degree burns, superheated steam causes burns analogous to those by hot liquids whereas radiant heat generally causes less severe burns.

Injuries due to ejection of materials

The ejection of metal particles or other loose items caused by the electrical arc can result in severe injuries to the weakest parts of the human body as, for example, the eyes.
The materials expelled owing to the explosion produced by the arc may penetrate the cornea and hurt it.
The extent of the lesions depends on the characteristics and on the kinetic energy of these objects.
Moreover, the ocular region can sustain injuries to the mucosa because of the gases released by the arc and the emission of ultraviolet and infrared rays can injure the cornea and the retina depending on the radiation wavelengths.

Hearing

As already mentioned, the electrical arc is a real explosion, whose sound may cause permanent injuries to hearing.

Inhalation of toxic gases

The fumes produced by burnt insulating materials and by molten or vaporized metals can be toxic.
The fumes are caused by incomplete burning and are formed by carbon particles and by other solid substances suspended in the air.

[ABB]

Воздействие электрической дуги на человека

Из сказанного выше совершенно очевидно, что электрическая дуга является источником опасности для людей и имущества.

При высвобождении энергии электрической дуги человек может подвергнуться следующим опасностям:
• получение ожогов;
• повреждения от выброса продуктов горения дуги;
• нарушение слуха;
• вдыхание ядовитых газов.

Ожоги

Высокая температура газов, образующихся при горении электрической дуги, и выброс раскаленных частиц металла могут явиться причиной достаточно тяжелых ожогов.
Можно получить любую степень ожогов, вплоть до обугливания. Раскаленные до красна твердые частицы, такие как металлические частицы НКУ, вызывают ожоги третьей степени. Перегретый пар вызывает ожоги, аналогичные ожогам от горячих жидкостей. Лучистая энергия вызывает менее тяжелые ожоги.

Повреждения от выброса продуктов горения дуги

Выброс металлических или иных частиц, происходящий при горении электрической дуги, может привести к серьезным телесным повреждениям, особенно при попадании в глаза.
Частицы, выбрасываемые при горении дуги, могут проникнуть в роговую оболочку глаза и повредить ее.
Степень поражения зависит от характеристик и кинетической энергии выбрасываемых частиц.
Кроме того, газы, выделяющиеся в процессе горения дуги, могут повредить слизистую оболочку глаз, а ультрафиолетовое и инфракрасное излучение – роговую оболочку и сетчатку в зависимости от длины волны воздействующего излучения.

Орган слуха

Как уже упоминалось, электрическая дуга представляет собой реальный взрыв, звук которого может нанести тяжелую травму органу слуха.

Вдыхание ядовитых газов

Продукты горения изоляционных материалов и пары металлов могут быть ядовитыми.
Дым, образующийся при неполном сгорании и содержащий частицы углерода и других веществ, попадает в окружающий воздух.

[Перевод Интент]

Тематики
- НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)
EN
- effects of the electrical arc on human beings
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > воздействие электрической дуги на человека
45 effects of the electrical arc on human beings
1. воздействие электрической дуги на человека
воздействие электрической дуги на человека
-
[Интент]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

Effects of the electrical arc on human beings

From the above, it is evident that the electrical arc represents a hazard source for people and goods.

The hazards to which a person is exposed due to the release of energy generated by an arc event are:
• burns;
• injuries due to ejection of materials;
• damages to hearing;
• inhalation of toxic gases.

Burns

The high temperature levels of the gases produced by the electrical arc and the expulsion of incandescent metal particles may cause more or less severe burns to people.
Flames can cause all degrees of burn up to carbonization: the red-hot solid bodies, such as the metal fragments of the assembly involved, cause third degree burns, superheated steam causes burns analogous to those by hot liquids whereas radiant heat generally causes less severe burns.

Injuries due to ejection of materials

The ejection of metal particles or other loose items caused by the electrical arc can result in severe injuries to the weakest parts of the human body as, for example, the eyes.
The materials expelled owing to the explosion produced by the arc may penetrate the cornea and hurt it.
The extent of the lesions depends on the characteristics and on the kinetic energy of these objects.
Moreover, the ocular region can sustain injuries to the mucosa because of the gases released by the arc and the emission of ultraviolet and infrared rays can injure the cornea and the retina depending on the radiation wavelengths.

Hearing

As already mentioned, the electrical arc is a real explosion, whose sound may cause permanent injuries to hearing.

Inhalation of toxic gases

The fumes produced by burnt insulating materials and by molten or vaporized metals can be toxic.
The fumes are caused by incomplete burning and are formed by carbon particles and by other solid substances suspended in the air.

[ABB]

Воздействие электрической дуги на человека

Из сказанного выше совершенно очевидно, что электрическая дуга является источником опасности для людей и имущества.

При высвобождении энергии электрической дуги человек может подвергнуться следующим опасностям:
• получение ожогов;
• повреждения от выброса продуктов горения дуги;
• нарушение слуха;
• вдыхание ядовитых газов.

Ожоги

Высокая температура газов, образующихся при горении электрической дуги, и выброс раскаленных частиц металла могут явиться причиной достаточно тяжелых ожогов.
Можно получить любую степень ожогов, вплоть до обугливания. Раскаленные до красна твердые частицы, такие как металлические частицы НКУ, вызывают ожоги третьей степени. Перегретый пар вызывает ожоги, аналогичные ожогам от горячих жидкостей. Лучистая энергия вызывает менее тяжелые ожоги.

Повреждения от выброса продуктов горения дуги

Выброс металлических или иных частиц, происходящий при горении электрической дуги, может привести к серьезным телесным повреждениям, особенно при попадании в глаза.
Частицы, выбрасываемые при горении дуги, могут проникнуть в роговую оболочку глаза и повредить ее.
Степень поражения зависит от характеристик и кинетической энергии выбрасываемых частиц.
Кроме того, газы, выделяющиеся в процессе горения дуги, могут повредить слизистую оболочку глаз, а ультрафиолетовое и инфракрасное излучение – роговую оболочку и сетчатку в зависимости от длины волны воздействующего излучения.

Орган слуха

Как уже упоминалось, электрическая дуга представляет собой реальный взрыв, звук которого может нанести тяжелую травму органу слуха.

Вдыхание ядовитых газов

Продукты горения изоляционных материалов и пары металлов могут быть ядовитыми.
Дым, образующийся при неполном сгорании и содержащий частицы углерода и других веществ, попадает в окружающий воздух.

[Перевод Интент]

Тематики
- НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)
EN
- effects of the electrical arc on human beings
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > effects of the electrical arc on human beings
46 אב II

אָבII m. (b. h.; אבה, cmp. אֵם), const. אֲבִי, אַב (embracer), father, ancestor, progenitor; teacher; chief, leader; author, originator. Ex. R. s. 46 end המגדל אב the educator is the real father. Lev. R. s. 1 אבי החכמהוכ׳, the father of all wisdom,. the father of prophets. Y.Ned.V, 39b; a. fr.אַב בית דין (abbr. אב״ד) president of the Court (Great Sanhedrin), next in dignity to the Nassi. Taan.II, 1; a. fr.Metaph. origin, cause. Num. R. s. 10 (play on אֲבוֹי, Prov. 23:29) א׳ אוי the cause of woe (sin). אב מלאכה (for which also עיקר) one of the chief labors forbidden on the Sabbath, opp. תולדה a labor the prohibition of which is based on the ground of its being a species of the former, or derived from the former. Sabb.VII, 1 sq.; a. fr.Y.Sabb.II, 5a, אב שלה, sub. מלאכה. אב הטומאה one of the original or direct causes of levitical uncleanness, opp. ולד (child) secondary cause. Toh. I, 5; a. fr.א׳ הנזק v. Pl.בנין א׳ creation of a class, i. e. a conclusion, by analogy, from a case explicitly stated in the bibl. law on all similar cases not specified in detail. Sifra introd.Ib. Kdoshim, end, ch. 11 (ref. to Lev. 20:27) זה ב׳ א׳ לכל דמיהם בם this forms the rule for all cases in which the Bible uses the word dmēhem bam (that the penalty is stoning to death); a. fr.; v. also בֵּית אב.Pl. אָבוֹת־, const. אֲבוֹת, 1) fathers, ancestors, patriarchs Ber.26b prayers א׳ תקנום have been instituted by the Patriarchs; a. fr. אבות בתי דינין, v. supra. Hag. 2:2,בת א׳ a woman of noble descent. Num. R. s. 1; a. e.Metaph. principal, chief א׳ מלאכות, v. supra. א׳ חטומא׳ Kel. I, 1; v. supra.א׳ מזיקין (sing. אב הנזק) the chief actionable injuries or damages, from which the subordinate are deduced ( תולדות). B. Kam.I, 1; a. e. 2) Aboth, the first section of the Prayer of Benedictions (v. תְּפִלָּה), so called because it alludes to the Patriarchs. R. Hash. IV, 5; a. fr. 3) Aboth, name of a treatise of the Mishnah, containing sayings of Talmudic authorities and belonging to the fourth section, נזיקין, of the Mishnah collection ( משניות); also styled פִּרְקֵי א׳ a. מְסֶכֶת א׳. A similar collection of a later date is contained in Talmud Babli editions, named א׳ דרבי נתן Aboth dRabbi Nathan. Y.Yoma VIII, 44d top אב בית נפש v. אֲבֵידָה.

Jewish literature > אב II
47 אָב

אָבII m. (b. h.; אבה, cmp. אֵם), const. אֲבִי, אַב (embracer), father, ancestor, progenitor; teacher; chief, leader; author, originator. Ex. R. s. 46 end המגדל אב the educator is the real father. Lev. R. s. 1 אבי החכמהוכ׳, the father of all wisdom,. the father of prophets. Y.Ned.V, 39b; a. fr.אַב בית דין (abbr. אב״ד) president of the Court (Great Sanhedrin), next in dignity to the Nassi. Taan.II, 1; a. fr.Metaph. origin, cause. Num. R. s. 10 (play on אֲבוֹי, Prov. 23:29) א׳ אוי the cause of woe (sin). אב מלאכה (for which also עיקר) one of the chief labors forbidden on the Sabbath, opp. תולדה a labor the prohibition of which is based on the ground of its being a species of the former, or derived from the former. Sabb.VII, 1 sq.; a. fr.Y.Sabb.II, 5a, אב שלה, sub. מלאכה. אב הטומאה one of the original or direct causes of levitical uncleanness, opp. ולד (child) secondary cause. Toh. I, 5; a. fr.א׳ הנזק v. Pl.בנין א׳ creation of a class, i. e. a conclusion, by analogy, from a case explicitly stated in the bibl. law on all similar cases not specified in detail. Sifra introd.Ib. Kdoshim, end, ch. 11 (ref. to Lev. 20:27) זה ב׳ א׳ לכל דמיהם בם this forms the rule for all cases in which the Bible uses the word dmēhem bam (that the penalty is stoning to death); a. fr.; v. also בֵּית אב.Pl. אָבוֹת־, const. אֲבוֹת, 1) fathers, ancestors, patriarchs Ber.26b prayers א׳ תקנום have been instituted by the Patriarchs; a. fr. אבות בתי דינין, v. supra. Hag. 2:2,בת א׳ a woman of noble descent. Num. R. s. 1; a. e.Metaph. principal, chief א׳ מלאכות, v. supra. א׳ חטומא׳ Kel. I, 1; v. supra.א׳ מזיקין (sing. אב הנזק) the chief actionable injuries or damages, from which the subordinate are deduced ( תולדות). B. Kam.I, 1; a. e. 2) Aboth, the first section of the Prayer of Benedictions (v. תְּפִלָּה), so called because it alludes to the Patriarchs. R. Hash. IV, 5; a. fr. 3) Aboth, name of a treatise of the Mishnah, containing sayings of Talmudic authorities and belonging to the fourth section, נזיקין, of the Mishnah collection ( משניות); also styled פִּרְקֵי א׳ a. מְסֶכֶת א׳. A similar collection of a later date is contained in Talmud Babli editions, named א׳ דרבי נתן Aboth dRabbi Nathan. Y.Yoma VIII, 44d top אב בית נפש v. אֲבֵידָה.

Jewish literature > אָב
48 חסר

חָסַר, חָסֵרI (b. h.; cmp. חָסַל) ( to scrape off, to diminish, take off; to be diminished, less; to want, miss; to be imperfect. Snh.68a ולא חָסַרְתִּי מרבותיוכ׳ yet I skimmed of the knowledge of my teachers no more than a dog takes who licks out of the sea. Ib. ולא חֲסָרוּנִיוכ׳ they skimmed of my knowledge ; Cant. R. to I, 3 לא חֲסַרְתִּיהָוכ׳ what wisdom I skimmed of the Law, was no more than, v. זַכְרוּת. Ib. רבותי חֲסָרוּהָוכ׳ my teachers carried off at least a real smattering of it B. Kam.20a bot. מאי חֲסַרְתִּיךָ what loss have I occasioned to thee?Ib. b, a. fr. זה נהנה … חָסֵר the one profits while the other loses nothing (therefore can claim no damages). Lev. R. s. 1 מה חָסַרְתָּ, v. דֵּעָה. Men.30a, a. e. is it possible ס״ת ח׳ אותוכ׳ that the Book of the Law wanted one letter yet (to be written) ?Pesik. R. s. 3 (ref. to מתה עלי, Gen. 48:7) שחֲסרְתִּיהָ for I miss her; a. fr. Pi. חִיסֵּר to lessen, omit; to deprive. Ker.6a חי׳ אחתוכ׳ if he left out one of its ingredients. Erub.13a שמא אתה מְחַסֵּרוכ׳ for if thou omit one letter. Koh. R. to I, 15 (ref. to חסרון, ib.) משאדם מְחַ׳ עצמווכ׳ as soon as a man deprives himself of the words of the Law (neglecting them); ib. מַחֲסִיר (Hif.). Y.Snh.XI, beg.30a אפי׳ לא חי׳ even if on inflicting an injury (v. חַבּוּרָה) he did not create a diminution (open wound); a. fr.Part. pass. מְחוּסָּר, constr. מְחוּסַּר wanting, requiring. R. Hash. 6a מח׳ זמן wanting time, i. e. too young for sacrifice. Ker.II, 1 מח׳ כפרה requires a ceremony of atonement (before he may partake of a sacred meal). Gen. R. s. 32, a. e. מח׳ אמנה, v. אֲמָנָה I. Ḥull.25a, v. חֲטִיטָה.Y.B. Mets.V, 10c bot. מח׳ מעשה אחד wanting one action to be available; a. fr.Pl. constr. מְחוּסְּרֵי. Ker. l. c. ארבעה מ׳וכ׳ there are four persons requiring a ceremony of atonement before being permitted, v. supra; a. fr. Hif. הֶחְסִיר same, v. supra.

Jewish literature > חסר
49 חסר I

חָסַר, חָסֵרI (b. h.; cmp. חָסַל) ( to scrape off, to diminish, take off; to be diminished, less; to want, miss; to be imperfect. Snh.68a ולא חָסַרְתִּי מרבותיוכ׳ yet I skimmed of the knowledge of my teachers no more than a dog takes who licks out of the sea. Ib. ולא חֲסָרוּנִיוכ׳ they skimmed of my knowledge ; Cant. R. to I, 3 לא חֲסַרְתִּיהָוכ׳ what wisdom I skimmed of the Law, was no more than, v. זַכְרוּת. Ib. רבותי חֲסָרוּהָוכ׳ my teachers carried off at least a real smattering of it B. Kam.20a bot. מאי חֲסַרְתִּיךָ what loss have I occasioned to thee?Ib. b, a. fr. זה נהנה … חָסֵר the one profits while the other loses nothing (therefore can claim no damages). Lev. R. s. 1 מה חָסַרְתָּ, v. דֵּעָה. Men.30a, a. e. is it possible ס״ת ח׳ אותוכ׳ that the Book of the Law wanted one letter yet (to be written) ?Pesik. R. s. 3 (ref. to מתה עלי, Gen. 48:7) שחֲסרְתִּיהָ for I miss her; a. fr. Pi. חִיסֵּר to lessen, omit; to deprive. Ker.6a חי׳ אחתוכ׳ if he left out one of its ingredients. Erub.13a שמא אתה מְחַסֵּרוכ׳ for if thou omit one letter. Koh. R. to I, 15 (ref. to חסרון, ib.) משאדם מְחַ׳ עצמווכ׳ as soon as a man deprives himself of the words of the Law (neglecting them); ib. מַחֲסִיר (Hif.). Y.Snh.XI, beg.30a אפי׳ לא חי׳ even if on inflicting an injury (v. חַבּוּרָה) he did not create a diminution (open wound); a. fr.Part. pass. מְחוּסָּר, constr. מְחוּסַּר wanting, requiring. R. Hash. 6a מח׳ זמן wanting time, i. e. too young for sacrifice. Ker.II, 1 מח׳ כפרה requires a ceremony of atonement (before he may partake of a sacred meal). Gen. R. s. 32, a. e. מח׳ אמנה, v. אֲמָנָה I. Ḥull.25a, v. חֲטִיטָה.Y.B. Mets.V, 10c bot. מח׳ מעשה אחד wanting one action to be available; a. fr.Pl. constr. מְחוּסְּרֵי. Ker. l. c. ארבעה מ׳וכ׳ there are four persons requiring a ceremony of atonement before being permitted, v. supra; a. fr. Hif. הֶחְסִיר same, v. supra.

Jewish literature > חסר I
50 חָסַר

חָסַר, חָסֵרI (b. h.; cmp. חָסַל) ( to scrape off, to diminish, take off; to be diminished, less; to want, miss; to be imperfect. Snh.68a ולא חָסַרְתִּי מרבותיוכ׳ yet I skimmed of the knowledge of my teachers no more than a dog takes who licks out of the sea. Ib. ולא חֲסָרוּנִיוכ׳ they skimmed of my knowledge ; Cant. R. to I, 3 לא חֲסַרְתִּיהָוכ׳ what wisdom I skimmed of the Law, was no more than, v. זַכְרוּת. Ib. רבותי חֲסָרוּהָוכ׳ my teachers carried off at least a real smattering of it B. Kam.20a bot. מאי חֲסַרְתִּיךָ what loss have I occasioned to thee?Ib. b, a. fr. זה נהנה … חָסֵר the one profits while the other loses nothing (therefore can claim no damages). Lev. R. s. 1 מה חָסַרְתָּ, v. דֵּעָה. Men.30a, a. e. is it possible ס״ת ח׳ אותוכ׳ that the Book of the Law wanted one letter yet (to be written) ?Pesik. R. s. 3 (ref. to מתה עלי, Gen. 48:7) שחֲסרְתִּיהָ for I miss her; a. fr. Pi. חִיסֵּר to lessen, omit; to deprive. Ker.6a חי׳ אחתוכ׳ if he left out one of its ingredients. Erub.13a שמא אתה מְחַסֵּרוכ׳ for if thou omit one letter. Koh. R. to I, 15 (ref. to חסרון, ib.) משאדם מְחַ׳ עצמווכ׳ as soon as a man deprives himself of the words of the Law (neglecting them); ib. מַחֲסִיר (Hif.). Y.Snh.XI, beg.30a אפי׳ לא חי׳ even if on inflicting an injury (v. חַבּוּרָה) he did not create a diminution (open wound); a. fr.Part. pass. מְחוּסָּר, constr. מְחוּסַּר wanting, requiring. R. Hash. 6a מח׳ זמן wanting time, i. e. too young for sacrifice. Ker.II, 1 מח׳ כפרה requires a ceremony of atonement (before he may partake of a sacred meal). Gen. R. s. 32, a. e. מח׳ אמנה, v. אֲמָנָה I. Ḥull.25a, v. חֲטִיטָה.Y.B. Mets.V, 10c bot. מח׳ מעשה אחד wanting one action to be available; a. fr.Pl. constr. מְחוּסְּרֵי. Ker. l. c. ארבעה מ׳וכ׳ there are four persons requiring a ceremony of atonement before being permitted, v. supra; a. fr. Hif. הֶחְסִיר same, v. supra.

Jewish literature > חָסַר
51 חָסֵר

חָסַר, חָסֵרI (b. h.; cmp. חָסַל) ( to scrape off, to diminish, take off; to be diminished, less; to want, miss; to be imperfect. Snh.68a ולא חָסַרְתִּי מרבותיוכ׳ yet I skimmed of the knowledge of my teachers no more than a dog takes who licks out of the sea. Ib. ולא חֲסָרוּנִיוכ׳ they skimmed of my knowledge ; Cant. R. to I, 3 לא חֲסַרְתִּיהָוכ׳ what wisdom I skimmed of the Law, was no more than, v. זַכְרוּת. Ib. רבותי חֲסָרוּהָוכ׳ my teachers carried off at least a real smattering of it B. Kam.20a bot. מאי חֲסַרְתִּיךָ what loss have I occasioned to thee?Ib. b, a. fr. זה נהנה … חָסֵר the one profits while the other loses nothing (therefore can claim no damages). Lev. R. s. 1 מה חָסַרְתָּ, v. דֵּעָה. Men.30a, a. e. is it possible ס״ת ח׳ אותוכ׳ that the Book of the Law wanted one letter yet (to be written) ?Pesik. R. s. 3 (ref. to מתה עלי, Gen. 48:7) שחֲסרְתִּיהָ for I miss her; a. fr. Pi. חִיסֵּר to lessen, omit; to deprive. Ker.6a חי׳ אחתוכ׳ if he left out one of its ingredients. Erub.13a שמא אתה מְחַסֵּרוכ׳ for if thou omit one letter. Koh. R. to I, 15 (ref. to חסרון, ib.) משאדם מְחַ׳ עצמווכ׳ as soon as a man deprives himself of the words of the Law (neglecting them); ib. מַחֲסִיר (Hif.). Y.Snh.XI, beg.30a אפי׳ לא חי׳ even if on inflicting an injury (v. חַבּוּרָה) he did not create a diminution (open wound); a. fr.Part. pass. מְחוּסָּר, constr. מְחוּסַּר wanting, requiring. R. Hash. 6a מח׳ זמן wanting time, i. e. too young for sacrifice. Ker.II, 1 מח׳ כפרה requires a ceremony of atonement (before he may partake of a sacred meal). Gen. R. s. 32, a. e. מח׳ אמנה, v. אֲמָנָה I. Ḥull.25a, v. חֲטִיטָה.Y.B. Mets.V, 10c bot. מח׳ מעשה אחד wanting one action to be available; a. fr.Pl. constr. מְחוּסְּרֵי. Ker. l. c. ארבעה מ׳וכ׳ there are four persons requiring a ceremony of atonement before being permitted, v. supra; a. fr. Hif. הֶחְסִיר same, v. supra.

Jewish literature > חָסֵר
52 תולדה

תּוֹלָדָהf. (b. h.; יָלַד) 1) birth, procreation, off spring.Pl. תּוֹלָדוֹת. Gen. R. s. 12 שלשה דברים הללו … שלש ת׳וכ׳ the following three things form the real creations of the world, and each of them delayed three days, and then produced offspring: the earth Ib. לכל יש ת׳ … יש לחן ת׳וכ׳ all things have origins (mentioned in the Bible), heaven and earth have origins Ib. כל מי שיש לו ת׳וכ׳ whatever has an origin, dies and decays, is created, but does not create, but that which has no origin does not die Num. R. s. 1412> בעת שהעמיד ת׳ during the time of his begetting children. Y.Sot.VIII, 22c bot. שלישי לת׳ ורביעיוכ׳ he was the third in the order of birth, and the fourth in the order of accession; a. fr. 2) secondary act, subspecies, opp. אב or עיקר, v. אָב II. Y.Sabb.II, 5a bot. שחיטה עיקר וחבורה ת׳ slaughtering is the primary act (forbidden on the Sabbath), and wounding is the secondary act. B. Kam.2a הך … קרי לה ת׳ an act which was essential at the building of the Tabernacle is called ab, and one which was not essential, is called toladah; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ib. מדקתני אבות מכלל דאיכא ת׳ since the Mishnah speaks of main damages, we must conclude that there are also secondary ones; תּוֹלְדוֹתֵיהֶן כיוצא בהןוכ׳ are their subspecies subject to the same laws or not? Sabb.2b הכא … תני אבות ותני ת׳וכ׳ here (Sabb.I, 1) where the main subject is the Sabbath, the Mishnah specifies the main act and the secondary acts, ; Shebu.5a; a. fr.

Jewish literature > תולדה
53 תּוֹלָדָה

תּוֹלָדָהf. (b. h.; יָלַד) 1) birth, procreation, off spring.Pl. תּוֹלָדוֹת. Gen. R. s. 12 שלשה דברים הללו … שלש ת׳וכ׳ the following three things form the real creations of the world, and each of them delayed three days, and then produced offspring: the earth Ib. לכל יש ת׳ … יש לחן ת׳וכ׳ all things have origins (mentioned in the Bible), heaven and earth have origins Ib. כל מי שיש לו ת׳וכ׳ whatever has an origin, dies and decays, is created, but does not create, but that which has no origin does not die Num. R. s. 1412> בעת שהעמיד ת׳ during the time of his begetting children. Y.Sot.VIII, 22c bot. שלישי לת׳ ורביעיוכ׳ he was the third in the order of birth, and the fourth in the order of accession; a. fr. 2) secondary act, subspecies, opp. אב or עיקר, v. אָב II. Y.Sabb.II, 5a bot. שחיטה עיקר וחבורה ת׳ slaughtering is the primary act (forbidden on the Sabbath), and wounding is the secondary act. B. Kam.2a הך … קרי לה ת׳ an act which was essential at the building of the Tabernacle is called ab, and one which was not essential, is called toladah; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ib. מדקתני אבות מכלל דאיכא ת׳ since the Mishnah speaks of main damages, we must conclude that there are also secondary ones; תּוֹלְדוֹתֵיהֶן כיוצא בהןוכ׳ are their subspecies subject to the same laws or not? Sabb.2b הכא … תני אבות ותני ת׳וכ׳ here (Sabb.I, 1) where the main subject is the Sabbath, the Mishnah specifies the main act and the secondary acts, ; Shebu.5a; a. fr.

Jewish literature > תּוֹלָדָה
54 תם I

תָּםI m. (b. h.; תָּמַם) 1) perfect, unblemished. Tem.7b (opp. בעל מום); B. Kam.12b; (Maas. Sh. I, 2 תָּמִים); a. fr. Fem. תַּמָּה. Sabb.103b, v. כְּתִיבָה. Succ.37a, v. לְקִיחָה. Tanḥ. Emor 18 (ref. to ול̇ק̇ח̇ת̇ם̇, Lev. 23:40) בל̇ק̇יח̇ה ת̇מ̇הוכ׳ by a real (honest) purchase: thou darest not steal (a Lulab), and stand with it (before God) ; a. e. 2) simple, innocent, artless. Mekh. Bo, s. 18 ארבעה … ואחד תםוכ׳ there are four characters in children (as regards their attitude towards religious ceremonies): one is wise, and one is simple ; (Yalk. Ex. 225 טיפש); a. e. 3) (law) an innocuous animal, one that did injury for the first time, or before warning had been given, opp. מוּעָד (v. Ex. 21:28–36). B. Kam.I, 4 התם משלםוכ׳ the tam pays half-damage from the sale of its own body, Ib. II, 4 איזה הוא תם … משיחזורוכ׳ when is an animal called tam?… When it shows its regret for three days, i. e. when it has done an injury and does not repeat it for three days afterwards; ib. (another opin.) ותם כל שיהווכ׳ tam is one which does not gore when children touch it; a. v. fr.Pl. תַּמִּים, תַּמִּין. Ib. I, 4 חמשה ת׳וכ׳ there are five classes of tammin, i. e. an animal is considered a tam with regard to five classes of damages (so as to require legal warning): with regard to goring, striking ; a. e.

Jewish literature > תם I
55 תָּם

תָּםI m. (b. h.; תָּמַם) 1) perfect, unblemished. Tem.7b (opp. בעל מום); B. Kam.12b; (Maas. Sh. I, 2 תָּמִים); a. fr. Fem. תַּמָּה. Sabb.103b, v. כְּתִיבָה. Succ.37a, v. לְקִיחָה. Tanḥ. Emor 18 (ref. to ול̇ק̇ח̇ת̇ם̇, Lev. 23:40) בל̇ק̇יח̇ה ת̇מ̇הוכ׳ by a real (honest) purchase: thou darest not steal (a Lulab), and stand with it (before God) ; a. e. 2) simple, innocent, artless. Mekh. Bo, s. 18 ארבעה … ואחד תםוכ׳ there are four characters in children (as regards their attitude towards religious ceremonies): one is wise, and one is simple ; (Yalk. Ex. 225 טיפש); a. e. 3) (law) an innocuous animal, one that did injury for the first time, or before warning had been given, opp. מוּעָד (v. Ex. 21:28–36). B. Kam.I, 4 התם משלםוכ׳ the tam pays half-damage from the sale of its own body, Ib. II, 4 איזה הוא תם … משיחזורוכ׳ when is an animal called tam?… When it shows its regret for three days, i. e. when it has done an injury and does not repeat it for three days afterwards; ib. (another opin.) ותם כל שיהווכ׳ tam is one which does not gore when children touch it; a. v. fr.Pl. תַּמִּים, תַּמִּין. Ib. I, 4 חמשה ת׳וכ׳ there are five classes of tammin, i. e. an animal is considered a tam with regard to five classes of damages (so as to require legal warning): with regard to goring, striking ; a. e.

Jewish literature > תָּם

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