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21 аутореактивная клетка
1) Biology: autologous responder, self-reactive cell2) Medicine: autoreactive cell3) Immunology: autologous responding cell, autoresponsive cellУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > аутореактивная клетка
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22 реактивная клетка
1) Medicine: reactive cell (клетка, реагирующая на какой-либо агент, например, антиген-реактивная клетка, ЭПО-реактивная клетка и т.д.)2) Immunology: antigen-responsive cell (напр. клетка памяти), responder cell3) Makarov: antigen-responsive cell (напр., клетка памяти) -
23 аутореактивная клетка
Русско-английский биологический словарь > аутореактивная клетка
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24 opsonization
опсонизацияantibody-mediated opsonization — иммунная [антителоопосредованная] опсонизация
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25 ARCO
сокр. от antigen-reactive cell opsonizationсенсибилизация антиген-реактивными T-эффекторами -
26 ARCO
1) Военный термин: Army Requirements Control Office, auxiliary resources control office2) Сокращение: Airborne Remote Control Officer3) Иммунология: antigen-reactive cell opsonization4) Нефть и газ: Atlantic Richfield Company (Atlantic Richfield (Oil) Company) -
27 arco
1) Военный термин: Army Requirements Control Office, auxiliary resources control office2) Сокращение: Airborne Remote Control Officer3) Иммунология: antigen-reactive cell opsonization4) Нефть и газ: Atlantic Richfield Company (Atlantic Richfield (Oil) Company) -
28 сенсибилизация антиген-реактивными T-эффекторами
Makarov: antigen-reactive cell opsonization( ARCO)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > сенсибилизация антиген-реактивными T-эффекторами
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29 электрогенная клеточная мембрана
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > электрогенная клеточная мембрана
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30 خلية متفاعلة مع المستضد
antigen reactive cell -
31 célula reactiva
f.reactive cell, protoplasmic astrocyte. -
32 antibody
антителоaborter's antibody — абортогенное [контрацептивное] антитело
abortifacient antibody — абортогенное [контрацептивное] антитело
adhesion-blocking antibodies — антиадгезивные [антиадгезионные] антитела, антиадгезины (антитела, препятствующие процессу межклеточной адгезии, напр. антифибронектиновые антитела)
albuminic antibody — альбуминовое антитело; неполное [блокирующее, моновалентное] антитело
anaphylactic antibody — анафилактическое антитело (напр. реагиновое антитело)
antiadhesive antibodies — антиадгезивные [антиадгезионные] антитела, антиадгезины (антитела, препятствующие процессу межклеточной адгезии, напр. антифибронектиновые антитела)
antianti-idiotypic antibody — антианти-идиотипическое антитело ( анти-идиотипическое антитело третьего порядка в теории сети)
anti-CD4+ antibodies — антитела против CD4+-клеток
anticlass antibody — антиклассовое антитело ( антитело против определённого класса иммуноглобулинов)
anticlonotypic antibody — антиклонотипическое антитело ( антитело против клонотипической антигенной детерминанты)
antidinitrophenyl antibody — антидинитрофенильное антитело, антитело против динитрофенильной группы
anti-DNP antibody — антитело против ДНК-белкового комплекса, антидезоксинуклеопротеиновое антитело
antifluorescein antibody — антифлуоресциновое антитело, анти-ФИТЦ-антитело
antifusion antibody — антитело, блокирующее слияние (клеток)
antikidney antibody — противопочечное [антиренальное, нефрогенное] антитело
antipan Т cell antibodies — антитела к суммарной популяции Т-клеток, анти-пан-Т-клеточные антитела
antipilus antibody — антитело против жгутикового [фимбрального] антигена
antireproductive hormone antibody — антитело против полового гормона, антирепродуктивное антитело
anti-Rh antibody — резус-изогемагглютинин, антирезусное антитело
antiuveal antibodies — антиувеальные антитела ( антитела против антигенов сосудистой оболочки глаза)
arming antibody — «вооружающее» антитело (B-клеточный иммуноглобулиновый раствор, появление которого в онтогенезе означает приобретение клеткой признаков зрелости)
attached antibody — связанное [конъюгированное] антитело
autoanti-idiotypic antibody — аутоанти-идиотипическое антитело (антитело, имитирующее аутоантигенные эффекты)
bifunctional antibody — гетеровалентное антитело (гибридное антитело, построенное из Fab-фрагментов с различной специфичностью)
bispecific antibody — биспецифическое ( обычно гибридное) антитело
bivalent antibody — полное [двухвалентное] антитело
blocking antibody — неполное [блокирующее, моновалентное] антитело
bridging antibody — мостикообразующее ( соединяющее) антитело
capture antibody — иммобилизованное антитело ( антитело на твёрдой подложке для анализа антигенов методом захвата)
catalytic antibodies — каталитические антитела, антитела-катализаторы, абзимы (сайт-специфические антитела, энергия связывания которых с мишенями используется для катализа)
catcher antibody — связывающее [фиксирующее] антитело (антитело, обычно «первое», специфически связывающее антиген в методе двойных антител)
cavity-type antibody — антитело к полостной ( сформированной полостью молекулы антигена) детерминанте
chimeric antibody — химерное [гибридное] антитело (антитело, имеющее антидетерминанты различной специфичности, или антитело, состоящее из цепей различных типов)
circulatory antibody — циркулирующее антитело (напр. антитело периферической крови)
classical antibody — природное [естественное] антитело
cluster-labeled antibodies — антитела, меченные кластерами ( золота)
cold antibodies — холодовые гемолизины, холодовые агглютинины
combinatorial antibody — химерное [гибридное] антитело (антитело, имеющее антидетерминанты различной специфичности, или антитело, состоящее из цепей различных типов)
complementary antibody — комплементарное ( антиген-специфическое) антитело
complexed antibody — связанное [конъюгированное] антитело
conjugated antibody — связанное [конъюгированное] антитело
conjugate-specific antibody — антиконъюгатное [конъюгат-специфическое] антитело ( антитело со специфичностью к комплексу гаптен-носитель)
cytotropic antibodies — цитотропные антитела (антитела IgE- или IgG-классов, сенсибилизирующие клетки для последующей анафилаксии)
detector antibody — идентифицирующее (напр. диагностическое) антитело
DL antibodies — бифазные [битермальные, теплохолодовые, смешанного типа] гемолизины, гемолизины [агглютинины, антитела] Доната-Ландштейнера
domain-specific antibody — домен-специфическое антитело ( антитело против доменов молекулы иммуноглобулина или антигена)
Donath-Landsteiner antibodies — бифазные [битермальные, теплохолодовые, смешанного типа] гемолизины, гемолизины [агглютинины, антитела] Доната-Ландштейнера
donor antibody — донорское антитело, антитело донорского типа
enhancing antibody — усиливающее антитело (антитело, направленное против аллотрансплантата и стимулирующее его приживление)
entrapped antibody — инкапсулированное ( заключённое в иммунолипосому) антитело; «арестованное» [интегральное] антитело
enzyme-labeled antibodies — антитела, меченные ферментом
enzyme-linked antibodies — антитела, меченные ферментом
enzyme-tagged antibodies — антитела, меченные ферментом
ferritin-conjugated antibodies — антитела, меченные ферритином
ferritin-labeled antibodies — антитела, меченные ферритином
first-layer antibody — «первое» антитело (антитело, обычно меченое, входящее в состав первичного комплекса антиген-антитело и являющееся идентифицирующим компонентом при проведении иммуноанализа)
first-stage antibody — «первое» антитело (антитело, обычно меченое, входящее в состав первичного комплекса антиген-антитело и являющееся идентифицирующим компонентом при проведении иммуноанализа)
FITC-conjugated antibodies — меченные флуоресцином [флуоресцирующие] антитела
FITC-labeled antibodies — меченные флуоресцином [флуоресцирующие] антитела
fluid-phase antibodies — растворимые антитела; лаб. антитела гомогенной фазы
fluoresceinated antibodies — меченные флуоресцином [флуоресцирующие] антитела
fluorescent-labeled antibodies — меченные флуоресцином [флуоресцирующие] антитела
fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies — меченные флуоресцином [флуоресцирующие] антитела
framework monoclonal antibody — моноклональное антитело, направленное к каркасу антигенной молекулы
free-floating antibodies — растворимые антитела; лаб. антитела гомогенной фазы
germline antibodies — антитела гаметического [эмбрионального] типа; уст. антитела Ерне
graft-specific antibody — антитело против трансплантата, антитрансплантационное антитело
head-binding antibody — C1q-связывающее антитело (антитело против «головки» C1q-субкомпонента комплемента)
hemolytic antibody — гемолитическое антитело, гемолизин
heteroligating antibody — гетеровалентное антитело (гибридное антитело, построенное из Fab-фрагментов с различной специфичностью)
Heymann's antibodies — антитела Хейманна (противоклубочковые ащитела, вызывающие комплементзависимую деструкцию крысиных висцеральных эпителиальных клубочков почки)
humoral antibody — гуморальное [сывороточное] антитело
humouse antibodies — химерные антитела «мышь-человек»
idiotype-bearing antibody — идиотипическое антитело (антитело первого порядка, несущее идиотипическую детерминанту)
idiotypic antibody — идиотипическое антитело (антитело первого порядка, несущее идиотипическую детерминанту)
incomplete antibody — неполное [блокирующее, моновалентное] антитело
indicator antibody — индикаторное [«проявляющее»] антитело (антитело, обычно меченое, используемое для идентификации и визуализации специфического комплекса антиген-антитело)
inhibitory antibody — ингибиторное [ингибирующее] антитело
integral antibody — инкапсулированное ( заключённое в иммунолипосому) антитело; «арестованное» [интегральное] антитело
internal image antibody — антитело, несущее «внутренний образ» ( антигена)
isophile antibody — изофильное ( реагирующее только с соответствующим антигеном аутологичных эритроцитов) антитело
labeled second antibody — меченое «второе» антитело
leukoagglutinating antibody — лейкоагглютинин, лейкоагглютинирующее антитело
liposomally bound antibody — инкапсулированное ( заключённое в иммунолипосому) антитело; «арестованное» [интегральное] антитело
locus-specific antibodies — антилокусные антитела, локус-специфические антитела ( антитела против антигенных локусов главного комплекса гистосовместимости)
maternal antibody — антитело матери, антитело материнского происхождения
mature antibody — «созревшее» антитело ( антитело с полностью сформированной трёхмерной структурой)
mercury labeled antibodies — меченные ртутью антитела, меркуриальные антитела
molecular antibody — гуморальное [сывороточное] антитело
monomorphic antibody — мономорфное [моноантидетерминантное] антитело ( антитело к уникальной антигенной детерминанте)
monovalent antibody — неполное [блокирующее, моновалентное] антитело
mutant antibody — мутантное антитело (антитело, полученное методом сайт-направленного мутагенеза)
natural antibody — природное [естественное] антитело
nephrogenic antibody — противопочечное [антиренальное, нефрогенное] антитело
panel-reactive antibodies — тест-антигеновые [панелированные] антитела
Paul-Bunnell antibodies — антитела Пауля-Буннелля ( гетероагглютинин сыворотки больных инфекционным мононуклеозом)
peroxidase-labeled antibodies — антитела, меченные пероксидазой
phycoerythrin-labeled antibodies — антитела, меченные фикоэритрином
plaque reduction antibody — антилимфоцитарное антитело, подавляющее реакцию розеткообразования
polymorphic antibody — полиморфное [полиантидетерминантное] антитело
protective antibody — защитное [протективное] антитело (напр. вирус-нейтрализующее антитело)
quencher-labeled antibodies — антитела, меченные тушителем флуоресценции, «гасящие» антитела
ragweed-binding antibody — антитело, связывающее агглютинин амброзии
reaginic antibody — реагиновое антитело, реагин
recall antibody — антитело против ткани трансплантата, антитело против «воскресшего» антигена
recombinant antibody — 1) рекомбинантное ( сконструированное генноинженерным путём) антитело 2) химерное [гибридное] антитело (антитело, имеющее антидетерминанты различной специфичности, или антитело, состоящее из цепей различных типов)
rhodamine-labeled antibodies — антитела, меченные родамином
RITC-conjugated antibodies — антитела, меченные родамином
saline antibody — солевое ( агглютинирующее) антитело
screening antibody — 1) диагностическое антитело; антитело-зонд 2) антитело для скрининга ( большого числа проб)
second-layer antibodies — «вторые» антитела (антитела, обычно меченые, используемые для визуализации первичного комплекса антиген-антитело)
second-stage antibodies — «вторые» антитела (антитела, обычно меченые, используемые для визуализации первичного комплекса антиген-антитело)
sensitizing antibody — сенсибилизирующее [анафилактогенное] антитело ( обычно IgE-типа)
sequence-specific antibody — антитело, специфичное к последовательности (нуклеотидов, аминокислот и т. п.), сайт-специфическое антитело; антитело к детерминанте секвенциального типа
serum sickness antibody — реагиновое антитело, реагин; уст. антитело при сывороточной болезни
sessile antibody — сессильное ( фиксированное на клетке) антитело
sessile anaphylactic antibody — сессильное анафилактическое антитело, фиксированное на клетке реагиновое антитело
sex-specific antibodies — антитела, определяемые полом ( индивидуума)
short-term sensitizing antibody — импульсно-сенсибилизирующее антитело ( анафилактогенное антитело IgG-типа)
SM antibody — антитело против гладких мышц, гладко-мышечное антитело
smooth muscle antibody — антитело против гладких мышц, гладко-мышечное антитело
solid-phase antibody — иммобилизованное антитело, твердофазное антитело
sperm-agglutinating antibody — сперм-агглютинирующее антитело, спермагглютинин
sperm-immobilizing antibody — антитело, иммобилизующее сперматозоид
thyroid-stimulating antibody — тиреостимулирующее антитело ( антитело против рецептора тиреоидного гормона)
tissue-fixed antibody — сессильное ( фиксированное на клетке) антитело
transplacentally acquired antibody — трансплацентарное ( аллогенное) антитело
true antianti-idiotypic antibody — истинное антиидиотипическое антитело третьего порядка ( не способное связывать антиген)
univalent antibody — неполное [блокирующее, моновалентное] антитело
warm-reactive antibodies — тепловые гемолизины, тепловые агглютинины
whole antibody — полное [двухвалентное] антитело
zona-predpitating antibody — противозонное антитело (антитело, преципитирующее белки зоны пеллюцида)
zona-reacting antibody — противозонное антитело (антитело, преципитирующее белки зоны пеллюцида)
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33 a
prep.1 to.voy a Madrid I'm going to Madridme voy al extranjero I'm going abroadllegó a Buenos Aires/a la fiesta he arrived in Buenos Aires/at the party2 at (moment).a las siete at seven o'clocka los once años at the age of elevenal caer la noche at nightfallal oír la noticia se desmayó on hearing the news, she faintedLlegué al amanecer I arrived at dawn.3 per, every (frecuency).40 horas a la semana 40 hours per o a weektres veces al día three times a day4 to.dáselo a Ricardo give it to Ricardodile a Ricardo que venga tell Ricardo to come5 to.entró a pagar he came in to payaprender a nadar to learn to swim6 by, about to, for.* * *A, a► nombre femenino (pl as o aes)1 (la letra) A, a————————A1 ( Alteza) Highness; (abreviatura) H————————A1 ( autopista) motorway; (abreviatura) M————————A► símbolo* * *prep.1) to2) into3) in4) at5) on6) with* * *SF = a (=letra) A, a* * ** * *= for, per, to.Ex. The fine policy matrix corresponds to the loan policy matrix, cell for cell.Ex. Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.Ex. Accessibility to the documents stored in files is an important factor, so the physical storage is important.----* a + Adjetivo + escala = on a + Adjetivo + scale.* a alguna parte = someplace.* a alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.* a altas horas de la noche = late at night.* a ambas orillas del Atlántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.* a ambos lados de = on either side of.* a ambos lados del Altántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.* a ambos lados de + Lugar = on both sides of + Lugar.* a años luz de = light years away from.* a bajas temperaturas = at low temperature.* a bajo coste = low-cost.* a bajo costo = low-cost.* a bajo nivel = low-level.* a bajo precio = lower-cost, at a low price, on the cheap.* a base de = in the form of, on a diet of.* a base de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].* a base de cometer errores = the hard way.* a base de errores = the hard way.* a boca de jarro = at close range.* a bocajarro = point blank.* a bombo y platillo = fanfare, with a bang.* a bordo = aboard, on board ship.* a bordo de = aboard, onboard.* a bordo de un barco = shipboard, on board ship.* a buen recaudo = in a safe place, in safekeeping.* a caballo = on horseback, astride.* a caballo entre = astride... and..., midway between.* a caballo entre... y... = half way between... and....* a caballo regalado no se le mira el diente = never look a gift horse in the mouth.* a cada rato = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.* a cambio = in return.* a cambio de = in exchange for, in return for.* a cambio de nada = for nothing.* a cántaros = cats and dogs.* a cargo = in the saddle.* a cargo (de) = charged with, in charge (of), at the helm (of).* a cargo de Alguien = under supervision.* a cargo de las riendas = in the saddle.* a cargo del ayuntamiento = local authority-run.* a cargo del gobierno = government-operated, government-run.* a cargo de una sola persona = one-man band.* a cargo de voluntarios = volunteer-run.* a chorros = profusely.* a ciegas = blindfold, blindly, blindfolded, in the dark.* a ciencia cierta = for sure, for certain.* a cierta distancia = some distance away.* a cierta distancia de = off.* a cierta distancia de la costa = offshore.* a cierta distancia del litoral = offshore.* a cobro revertido = reverse charges.* a color = multi-colour [multi-color -USA].* a comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = early + Expresión Temporal, the.* a comienzos de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha, in the early part of + Fecha.* a comienzos de + Período de Tiempo = by the turn of + Período de Tiempo, at the turn of + Período de Tiempo.* a conciencia = deliberately, wilfully [willfully, -USA], by design, on purpose.* a condición de que + Subjuntivo = provided (that), providing (that), as long as.* a contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.* a continuación = next, then, in the following, herewith.* a continuación se enumeran = given below.* a contracorriente = against the grain.* a contraluz = against the light.* a contrapelo = against the grain, against the nap.* a coro = with one voice, in unison.* a corto plazo = before very long, short term [short-term], in the short run, short-range, at short notice, in the short term, short-run.* a costa de = at the cost of, at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense, at cost of.* a costa de mucho = at (a) great expense.* a costa de otro = at someone else's expense.* a costa de otros = at other people's expense.* a criterio de = at the discretion of.* a cualquier hora = anytime, around the clock.* a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any hour of the day or night, at any time of the day or night.* a cualquier precio = at any cost, at all costs, at any price.* a cuatro aguas = hipped.* a cuatro patas = on all fours, on four legs.* a cuenta de = at the expense of.* a cuenta de la empresa = at company expense.* a cuenta de otro = at someone else's expense.* a cuenta de otros = at other people's expense.* a cuenta propia = at + Posesivo + expense, at + Posesivo + own expense.* a cuerpo de rey = the lap of luxury.* a cuestas = in tow.* a decir de todos = by all accounts.* a decir verdad = to tell the truth, if the truth be known, if the truth be told, in all truth, in truth, fact is, the fact is (that), to be fair.* a decir verdad... = the fact of the matter is that....* a demanda = pro re nata.* a deshora(s) = at odd times, out of hours.* a día de hoy = as of today.* a diario = every day.* a diestro y siniestro = like there's no tomorrow.* a dieta = on a diet.* a diferencia de = apart from, as opposed to, in contradistinction to, as contrasted with, in contrast (to/with), quite apart from, in sharp contrast (with).* a diferencia de + Nombre = unlike + Nombre.* a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].* a discreción = at will, no holds barred.* a disgusto = unwillingly, reluctantly.* a disposición de = at the disposal of.* a distancia = remote, remotely, distantly.* a doble espacio = double-spaced.* a domicilio = domiciliary.* ¿a dónde se dirige(n)...? = whither?.* ¿a dónde va(n)...? = whither?.* ¿a dónde vas? = quo vadis, whither thou goest.* a dos niveles = two-tier.* a dos velas = skint, penniless, broke.* a duras penas = with great difficulty.* a efectos de = in terms of, for the purpose of + Nombre.* a efectos prácticos = to all intents and purposes, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes, to all intents.* a él = him.* a ellos = them.* a escala = drawn-to-scale.* a escala industrial = on an industrial scale, industrial-scale.* a escala mundial = globally, on a global scale.* a escala natural = full-scale.* a escondidas = by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the quiet, on the sly.* a eso = thereto.* a espaldas de = out of sight of.* a estas alturas = by now.* a este fin = to this end.* a este paso = at this rate.* a este respecto = in this respect.* a este ritmo = at this rate.* a estrenar = brand new.* a examen = under the microscope.* a excepción de = barring, except for, excepting, other than, with the exception of, short of.* a excepción de que = except that.* a excepción de uno = with one exception.* a expensas de = at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense.* a expensas de otro = at someone else's expense.* a expensas de otros = at other people's expense.* a + Expresión Temporal = as of + Expresión Temporal.* a falta de = for want of, in the absence of, in default of, for lack of, short of.* a favor = in favour.* a favor de = in favour of.* a favor de la decisión personal sobre el aborto = pro-choice.* a favor de la esclavitud = pro-slavery.* a favor de la raza negra = pro-black [problack].* a favor de la vida humana = pro-life.* a favor y en contra = pro and con.* a + Fecha = as per + Fecha.* a finales de = by the end of, at the close of + Expresión Temporal.* a finales de + Expresión Temporal = as of late + Expresión Temporal, at the end of + Expresión Temporal, by the close of + Expresión Temporal.* a finales de + Fecha = in the late + Fecha, in late + Fecha.* a finales de los + Década = late + Década, the.* a finales del + Siglo = late + Siglo, late period of + Siglo.* a fin de cuentas = at the end of the day, in the end, in the final count, in the grand scheme of things, when all is said and done, after all is said and done.* a fondo = fully, thoroughly, full-scale.* a fondo perdido = non-refundable.* ¡a freír espárragos! = on your bike!.* a fuerza de = by dint of.* a fuerza de cometer errores = the hard way.* a fuerza de errores = the hard way.* a gas = gas-powered.* a gatas = on all fours.* a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.* a granel = in bulk.* a gran escala = large scale [large-scale], massive, on a wide scale, high-volume, wide-scale, on a broad scale, in a big way, on a grand scale.* a gran velocidad = at great speed.* a grito limpio = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.* a grito pelado = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.* a gritos = vociferously.* a groso modo = crudely.* a grosso modo = roughly, rough draft.* a gusto = at ease, at leisure.* a gusto de = to the liking of, at the pleasure of.* a horcajadas = astride.* a hurtadillas = surreptitiously, by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the sly.* a imitación de lo clásico = classicising [classicizing, -USA], classicised [classicized, -USA].* a iniciativa de = at the initiative of.* a iniciativas del gobierno = government-led.* a instancia de = at the urging of.* a instancias de = at the instigation of, at the behest of, under the auspices of.* a intervalos = at intervals.* a intervalos + Adjetivo = at + Adjetivo + intervals.* a intervalos semanales = at weekly intervals.* a invitación de = at the invitation of.* a jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].* a juicio = on trial.* a juicio público = in the public eye.* a juzgar por = to judge by, judging by, judging from.* a la acuarela = water-coloured [water-colored, -USA].* a la alcaldía = mayoral.* a la altura de = of the stature of, equal to.* a la altura de la cintura = waist high, waist deep.* a la altura de la rodilla = knee-high.* a la altura de los hombros = shoulder-high.* a la anchura de los hombros = shoulder-width.* a la anochecida = at nightfall.* a la antigua = old-style.* a la antigua usanza = old-style.* a la atención de = c/o (care of).* a la baja = on the wane.* a la brasa = grilled.* a la buena de Dios = out in the cold.* a la cabeza de = in the forefront of/in.* a la caída de la noche = at nightfall, at twilight.* a la caída de la tarde = at twilight.* a la carta = a la carte.* a la defensiva = on the defensive.* a la derecha = at the right.* a la derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.* a la deriva = rudderless.* a la discreción de = at the discretion of.* a la disposición de Alguien = at + Posesivo + disposal.* a la expectativa de = on the lookout for, on the alert for.* a la + Expresión Temporal = a + Expresión Temporal.* a la fuerza = forcefully, of necessity, forcibly, compulsorily.* a la fuga = on the run, on the lam.* a la hora de + Infinitivo = when it came to + Gerundio, when it comes to + Gerundio.* a la hora de la verdad = when push comes to shove, if it comes to the crunch, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.* a la hora del café = at coffee.* a la intemperie = in the open, exposed.* a la inversa = mirror-fashion, mirror image, in reverse.* a la izquierda = at the left.* a la larga = in the long term, over the long term, in the end, eventually, for the long pull, over a period of time, over the long haul, in the far term, ultimately, by and by.* a la ligera = lightly.* a la luz de = in light of, in the light of.* a la luz de la luna = by moonlight, in the moonlight, moonlit.* a la luz de las estrellas = by starlight.* a la luz de las velas = by candlelight, candlelight, candlelit.* a la luz del día = in the light of day.* a la luz de una lámpara de gas = by gaslight.* a la mano de = available at the fingertips of.* a la misma altura que = in the same league as.* a la moda = trendy [trendier -comp., trendiest -sup.].* a la onda = in the know.* a la opinión pública = in the public eye.* a la par = in concert, in tandem, neck and neck, in a tandem fashion, in parallel.* a la par que = in tandem with, hand in hand (with), as the same time as.* a la parrilla = grilled, on the grill.* a la perfección = superbly.* a la plancha = griddled, on the griddle, on the hotplate.* a largo plazo = in the long term, over the long term, long-range, in the long run, long-term, over the long run, over the long haul, long-run, in the far term, far-term.* a la salida = on the way out.* a la sazón = at that time.* a las doce del mediodía = at high noon.* a la semana = a week, per week.* a las mil maravillas = marvellously [marvelously, -USA], famously, like a house on fire.* a la sombra de = in the shadow of.* a las puertas de = on the threshold of.* a la última = hip [hipper -comp., hippest -sup.], on the fast track, hipped.* a la vanguardia = on the cutting edge, on the leading edge, in the fast lane, on the fast track, at the leading edge, on the bleeding edge.* a la vanguardia de = in the vanguard of, at the forefront of, in the forefront of/in, at the vanguard of.* a la velocidad de la luz = at the speed of light.* a la velocidad del rayo = at the speed of lightning.* a la velocidad del sonido = at the speed of sound.* a la venta = on release.* a la vez = at once, at one time, at similar times, at the same time, concurrently, side-by-side, simultaneously, at the same instant, in parallel, in tandem, at the one time, in a tandem fashion, at a time, in unison.* a la vez que = hand in hand (with), cum, in conjunction with, in unison with.* a la vista = in sight, within sight.* a la vista de = in light of, in the light of.* a la vuelta de = on the return leg of.* a la zaga = not far behind, in tow.* al azar = lucky draw, lucky dip.* al extremo norte = northernmost.* al extremo oeste = westernmost.* al hacer esto = in doing so.* al norte del estado = upstate.* a lo extremo = to the extreme.* a lo grande = in a big way, big time, grandly, on a grand scale.* a lo hecho, pecho = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk, you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.* a lo largo de = along, down, throughout.* a lo largo de + Expresión Temporal = sometime + Expresión Temporal.* a lo largo de la historia = over time.* a lo largo de la ruta = along the way.* a lo largo del tiempo = longitudinal, longitudinally.* a lo largo de todo = the entire length of.* a lo largo y ancho del país = countrywide [country-wide].* a lo largo y ancho de + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.* a lo lejos = in the distance.* a lo loco = helter-skelter, like there's no tomorrow.* a lo máximo = at best, at most, at the most.* a lo mejor = perhaps.* a lo que salga = come what may.* a los ojos de = in the eyes of.* a lo sumo = at best, at most, at the most.* al otro lado del atlántico = across the pond.* al otro lado del charco = across the pond.* al otro lado del océano = across the pond.* a lo zombi = zombielike.* a mano = by hand, manually, nearby [near-by], handy, within reach, within easy reach.* a mano alzada = by a show of hands.* a mano derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.* a manojos = by the handful.* a manos de = at the hands of.* a marchas forzadas = in a rush, against the clock.* a mares = cats and dogs.* a más largo plazo = longer-term.* a más..., más... = the + Comparativo..., the + Comparativo....* a más tardar = at the latest.* a mata caballo = in a hurry, hurried, hurriedly, helter-skelter.* a media asta = at half-mast, at half staff.* a mediados de = in the middle decades of.* a mediados de + Fecha = in the mid + Fecha.* a mediados de semana = midweek.* a media jornada = half-time [half time].* a media mañana = mid-morning.* a medianoche = at midnight.* a medias = half-hearted [halfhearted], qualified.* a medias entre... y... = betwixt and between.* a medida = custom, bespoke.* a medida que + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.* a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.* a medida que pasaba el tiempo = as time passed (by), as time went by.* a medida que pasa el tiempo = as time passes (by).* a medida que pasa + Expresión Temporal = as + Expresión Temporal + go by.* a medida que + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.* a medida que + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.* a medida que se necesite = on demand, on request, as required.* a medida que + transcurrir + el año = as the year + wear on.* a medida que + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.* a medio abrir = half-opened.* a medio camino = halfway [half-way/half way].* a medio comprender = half-understood.* a medio formar = half-formed.* a medio fuego = medium heat.* a medio hacer = halfway done, half done.* a medio plazo = medium-term, near-term, in the medium term, in the mid-term, mid-term [midterm].* a medio rimar = half-rhymed.* a medio vestir = half dressed.* a menor escala = at a reduced rate.* a menos que = unless, short of.* a menudo = oftentimes [often times], ofttimes [oft-times].* a merced de = at the mercy of.* a mí = me.* a mi entender = to my mind.* a mi modo de ver = in my books.* a mi parecer = to my mind, methinks, in my books.* a mitad de = half way through, halfway through.* a mitad de camino = halfway [half-way/half way].* a mitad de camino entre... y... = midway between, half way between... and....* a mitad de camino entre... y... = astride... and....* a mitad de precio = at half price.* a mí también me gustaría tener la misma oportunidad = turnabout is fair play.* a modo de = by way of, in the vein of, as a kind of.* a modo de aclaración = in parenthesis, on a sidenote.* a modo de advertencia = cautionary.* a modo de ejemplo = by way of illustration.* a modo de explicación = parenthetically.* a modo de ilustración = by way of illustration.* a modo de inciso = in passing, by the way of (a) digression.* a modo de paréntesis = parenthetical.* a modo de prólogo = prefatory.* a modo de resumen = wrap-up.* a mogollón = aplenty [a-plenty].* a montón = aplenty [a-plenty].* a montones = in droves, by the sackful.* a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].* a muerte = bitter, bitterly.* a nadie le importa nada = nobody + gives a damn.* a nivel de barrio = neighbourhood-based.* a nivel de calle = on the ground level.* a nivel de la calle = at ground level.* a nivel del suelo = at ground level.* a nivel estatal = statewide [state-wide].* a nivel federal = federally, federally.* a nivel individual = privately.* a nivel local = locally, domestically.* a nivel multicultural = multi-culturally [multiculturally].* a nivel mundial = worldwide [world-wide], globally.* a nivel nacional = nationally, domestically, countrywide [country-wide].* a nivel privado = privately.* a nivel regional = regionally.* a nombre de = payable to.* a no ser que = unless.* a nosotros = us.* a ojo = ocular.* a ojos vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.* a orillas del océano = oceanfront.* a orillas del río = riverfront.* a orillas de un lago = lakeside, lakefront, by the lakeside.* a otro sitio = somewhere else.* a pares = in pairs.* a partes iguales = share and share alike, in equal measure(s).* a partir de = on the basis of, based on, working from, from, on a diet of, in response to.* a partir de ahora = from now on, from this point on, henceforth, as of now.* a partir de ahora y durante + Cuantificador + años = for + Cuantificador + years to come.* a partir de aquí = hereupon.* a partir de ello = therefrom.* a partir de entonces = from this time on, hereafter, thereafter, whereafter, from then on, thenceforth, henceforth, from that moment on.* a partir de ese momento = from that moment on.* a partir de este momento = hereinafter.* a partir de esto = on this basis, on that basis.* a partir de + Fecha = from + Fecha, effective + Fecha.* a partir de hoy = as from today.* a partir de la medianoche = late night.* a partir de los títulos = title-based.* a paso de tortuga = at a snail's pace.* a paso ligero = on the double.* a pasos agigantados = at an exponential rate, at exponential rates, by leaps and bounds.* a pedir de boca = without a hitch.* a pequeña escala = in a small way, small scale [small-scale].* a perpetuidad = in perpetuity.* a pesar de (que) = albeit (that), despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, although, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that.* a pesar de todo = all the same, in spite of everything, despite everything, despite it all, in spite of it all, all this said.* a pesar de todo + Posesivo + Nombre = for all + Posesivo + Nombre.* a petición de = at the request of, at the urging of, at the behest of.* a petición del usuario = on demand, on request.* a petición popular = by popular demand.* a pie = on foot, afoot, dismounted.* a pilas = battery-operated.* a pique = sinking.* a placer = at will.* a plena luz del día = in broad daylight.* a poca distancia = not far behind.* a poca distancia andando = within walking distance, within an easy walk.* a poca distancia a pie = within an easy walk, within walking distance.* a pocos minutos andando = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.* a pocos minutos a pie = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.* a porrillo = by the handful.* a + Posesivo + aire = to + Posesivo + heart's content.* a + Posesivo + alcance = in the ballpark for + Pronombre, in + Posesivo + ballpark range.* a + Posesivo + costa = at + Posesivo + expense.* a + Posesivo + cuidado = in + Posesivo + safekeeping.* a + Posesivo + discreción = at will, at + Posesivo + discretion.* a + Posesivo + disposición = at + Posesivo + disposal.* a + Posesivo + entender = to the best of + Posesivo + belief.* a + Posesivo + espaldas = behind + Posesivo + back.* a + Posesivo + expensas = at + Posesivo + expense.* a + Posesivo + favor = in + Posesivo + favour, to + Posesivo + credit.* a + Posesivo + juicio = in + Posesivo + estimation.* a + Posesivo + manera = in + Posesivo + own way.* a + Posesivo + saber = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge.* a + Posesivo + saber y entender = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge and belief.* a + Posesivo + servicio = at + Posesivo + service.* a + Posesivo + sorprender = much to + Posesivo + surprise.* a + Posesivo + vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.* a posteriori = reactive, in retrospect, after-the-fact, hindsight, with hindsight, a posteriori, in hindsight.* a precio de coste = at cost price, at cost.* a precio de costo = at cost price, at cost.* a precio de ganga = at a steal.* a precio especial = at reduced cost, discounted, cut-rate, cut-price.* a precio razonable = at reasonable cost(s).* a precio reducido = at a discount.* a precios competitivos = competitively priced.* a precios especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.* a precios razonables = at affordable prices.* a presión = pressurised [pressurized, -USA].* a primera hora de la mañana = first thing in the morning.* a primera hora de + Período del Día = first thing + Período del Día.* a primeras horas de la tarde = late afternoon.* a primera vista = on first acquaintance, at first sight, on first inspection, on the face of it, at first blush, at first glance, on the surface, prima facie, first-blush.* a primeros de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.* a principios de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.* a principios de los + Década = early + Década, the.* a priori = proactive [pro-active], foresight, a priori, on the surface.* a prisa = quickly.* a propósito = deliberate, for the record, incidentally, intentionally, by the way, in passing, anecdotally, purposely, by design, on purpose, wilfully [willfully, -USA], on a sidenote, studiously, by the way of (a) digression, by the by(e), speaking of which, designedly.* a propósito de = apropos of.* a propósito de nada = for no specific reason, for no particular reason.* a prueba = on trial.* a prueba de bombas = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA], bomb-proof.* a prueba de conejos = rabbit-proof.* a prueba de fallos = fail-safe.* a prueba de incendios = fireproof [fire-proof].* a prueba de niños = childproof.* a prueba de robos = theft proof.* a prueba de tornados = tornado proof.* a prueba de un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].* a prueba de viento = windproof.* a puerta cerrada = behind closed doors.* a punta de pistola = at gunpoint.* a punto de = on the verge of, a heartbeat away from.* a punto de + Infinitivo = about to + Infinitivo.* a punto de irse a pique = on the rocks.* a punto de morir = on + Posesivo + deathbed.* a puñados = by the sackful, by the handful.* a quemarropa = point blank.* a quien madruga, Dios le ayuda = the early bird catches the worm.* a quienquiera que = whomever.* a rachas = by fits and starts.* a ráfagas = in bursts.* a raíz de = in the wake of.* a rajatabla = to the letter.* a ras de = flush with.* a ras de la calle = ground-floor.* a ras del suelo = at ground level.* a rastras = in tow.* a ratos = intermittently.* a reacción = jet-assisted.* a rebosar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.* a regañadientes = grudgingly, grudging, begrudgingly, unwillingly, reluctantly.* a régimen = on a diet.* a remolque = in tow.* a reventar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.* a saber = namely, viz, to wit.* a sabiendas = knowing, knowingly, wilfully [willfully, -USA].* a sabiendas de que = on the understanding that.* a sacudidas = jerkily.* a saltitos = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].* a salvo = in a safe place, in safekeeping, out of harm's way.* a sangre fría = cold-blooded.* a ser posible = if possible.* a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.* a solas = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.* a su debido tiempo = in due course, timely, in due time.* a sueldo = paid.* a su precio normal = at full price.* a su propio ritmo = at an individual pace.* a su tiempo = in a timely fashion, in due course, in a timely manner.* a su vez = Verbo + further, in turn, in its/their turn.* a tal efecto = to this effect.* a tales efectos = hereto.* a tarifa reducida = at reduced cost.* a tarifas especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.* a temperatura ambiente = at room temperature.* a tener en cuenta en el futuro = for future reference.* a tenor de = in light of, in the face of, in the light of, in view of.* a ti = you, thee.* a tiempo = in timely fashion, on time, promptly, timely, just in time, in time.* a tiempo completo = full-time.* a tiempo parcial = part-time.* a tientas = in the dark.* a tientas y a ciegas = blindly, in the dark.* a ti mismo = yourself, thyself.* a tiro = within gunshot, within range.* a tirones = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].* a título de = by way of, for the sake of.* a título gratuito = gratuitous.* a título personal = in a personal capacity, in a private capacity.* a toda costa = absolutely, at all costs, come what may, at any cost, at any price.* a toda máquina = in the fast lane, fast lane, full steam ahead, at full tilt, full-tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.* a toda marcha = at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.* a toda mecha = at a rate of knots, full steam ahead, at full blast, at full throttle, at top speed, at full speed, at full stretch.* a toda pasta = at a rate of knots.* a toda pastilla = in the fast lane, on the fast track, fast lane, overdrive, full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at a rate of knots, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.* a toda prueba = unswerving.* a todas horas = at all hours, around the clock.* a todas luces = patently.* a todas partes = far and wide.* a toda velocidad = full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.* a todo alrededor = all round.* a todo color = full-colour, in full colour.* a todo gas = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.* a todo lo largo de = the length of.* a todo meter = full steam ahead, at full stretch, at full speed, at full blast, at top speed, at full throttle.* a todo ritmo = in full swing, in full force, in full gear.* a todos lados = far and wide.* a todos los efectos = to all intents and purposes, to all intents, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes.* a todos los niveles = at all levels.* a todos nosotros = us all.* a todos por igual = one size fits all.* a todo vapor = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.* a todo volumen = at full blast.* a tontas y a ciegas = headlong, runaway.* a tontas y locas = like there's no tomorrow, without rhyme or reason.* a tope = packed to capacity, in the fast lane, fast lane, choc-a-block, chock-full, in full swing, in full gear, packed to the rafters.* a trancas y barrancas = with great difficulty, by fits and starts.* a través de = by way of, in the form of, through, via, out of, through the agency of.* a través de Internet = Internet-based, Web-based, Web-supported.* a través de la historia = over time.* a través de la TI = IT-enabled.* a través de la web = Web-based, Web-supported.* a través de los años = over the years, down the years.* a través de los ojos de = through the eyes of.* a través de los siglos = over the centuries.* a través del teléfono = call-in.* a través del tiempo = over time.* a través de operador = operator-assisted.* a tres bandas = three pronged.* a tres niveles = three-tiered.* a troche y moche = like there's no tomorrow.* a trompicones = by fits and starts.* a tropezones = falteringly, hesitantly, haltingly, jerkily.* a trozos = piecewise.* ¡A tu salud! = Here's to you!.* a última hora = at the last minute, at the eleventh hour, last minute [last-minute], at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last.* a últimas horas de la tarde = late evening.[b]* a últ* * ** * *= for, per, to.Ex: The fine policy matrix corresponds to the loan policy matrix, cell for cell.
Ex: Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.Ex: Accessibility to the documents stored in files is an important factor, so the physical storage is important.* a + Adjetivo + escala = on a + Adjetivo + scale.* a alguna parte = someplace.* a alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.* a altas horas de la noche = late at night.* a ambas orillas del Atlántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.* a ambos lados de = on either side of.* a ambos lados del Altántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.* a ambos lados de + Lugar = on both sides of + Lugar.* a años luz de = light years away from.* a bajas temperaturas = at low temperature.* a bajo coste = low-cost.* a bajo costo = low-cost.* a bajo nivel = low-level.* a bajo precio = lower-cost, at a low price, on the cheap.* a base de = in the form of, on a diet of.* a base de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].* a base de cometer errores = the hard way.* a base de errores = the hard way.* a boca de jarro = at close range.* a bocajarro = point blank.* a bombo y platillo = fanfare, with a bang.* a bordo = aboard, on board ship.* a bordo de = aboard, onboard.* a bordo de un barco = shipboard, on board ship.* a buen recaudo = in a safe place, in safekeeping.* a caballo = on horseback, astride.* a caballo entre = astride... and..., midway between.* a caballo entre... y... = half way between... and....* a caballo regalado no se le mira el diente = never look a gift horse in the mouth.* a cada rato = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.* a cambio = in return.* a cambio de = in exchange for, in return for.* a cambio de nada = for nothing.* a cántaros = cats and dogs.* a cargo = in the saddle.* a cargo (de) = charged with, in charge (of), at the helm (of).* a cargo de Alguien = under supervision.* a cargo de las riendas = in the saddle.* a cargo del ayuntamiento = local authority-run.* a cargo del gobierno = government-operated, government-run.* a cargo de una sola persona = one-man band.* a cargo de voluntarios = volunteer-run.* a chorros = profusely.* a ciegas = blindfold, blindly, blindfolded, in the dark.* a ciencia cierta = for sure, for certain.* a cierta distancia = some distance away.* a cierta distancia de = off.* a cierta distancia de la costa = offshore.* a cierta distancia del litoral = offshore.* a cobro revertido = reverse charges.* a color = multi-colour [multi-color -USA].* a comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = early + Expresión Temporal, the.* a comienzos de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha, in the early part of + Fecha.* a comienzos de + Período de Tiempo = by the turn of + Período de Tiempo, at the turn of + Período de Tiempo.* a conciencia = deliberately, wilfully [willfully, -USA], by design, on purpose.* a condición de que + Subjuntivo = provided (that), providing (that), as long as.* a contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.* a continuación = next, then, in the following, herewith.* a continuación se enumeran = given below.* a contracorriente = against the grain.* a contraluz = against the light.* a contrapelo = against the grain, against the nap.* a coro = with one voice, in unison.* a corto plazo = before very long, short term [short-term], in the short run, short-range, at short notice, in the short term, short-run.* a costa de = at the cost of, at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense, at cost of.* a costa de mucho = at (a) great expense.* a costa de otro = at someone else's expense.* a costa de otros = at other people's expense.* a criterio de = at the discretion of.* a cualquier hora = anytime, around the clock.* a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any hour of the day or night, at any time of the day or night.* a cualquier precio = at any cost, at all costs, at any price.* a cuatro aguas = hipped.* a cuatro patas = on all fours, on four legs.* a cuenta de = at the expense of.* a cuenta de la empresa = at company expense.* a cuenta de otro = at someone else's expense.* a cuenta de otros = at other people's expense.* a cuenta propia = at + Posesivo + expense, at + Posesivo + own expense.* a cuerpo de rey = the lap of luxury.* a cuestas = in tow.* a decir de todos = by all accounts.* a decir verdad = to tell the truth, if the truth be known, if the truth be told, in all truth, in truth, fact is, the fact is (that), to be fair.* a decir verdad... = the fact of the matter is that....* a demanda = pro re nata.* a deshora(s) = at odd times, out of hours.* a día de hoy = as of today.* a diario = every day.* a diestro y siniestro = like there's no tomorrow.* a dieta = on a diet.* a diferencia de = apart from, as opposed to, in contradistinction to, as contrasted with, in contrast (to/with), quite apart from, in sharp contrast (with).* a diferencia de + Nombre = unlike + Nombre.* a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].* a discreción = at will, no holds barred.* a disgusto = unwillingly, reluctantly.* a disposición de = at the disposal of.* a distancia = remote, remotely, distantly.* a doble espacio = double-spaced.* a domicilio = domiciliary.* ¿a dónde se dirige(n)...? = whither?.* ¿a dónde va(n)...? = whither?.* ¿a dónde vas? = quo vadis, whither thou goest.* a dos niveles = two-tier.* a dos velas = skint, penniless, broke.* a duras penas = with great difficulty.* a efectos de = in terms of, for the purpose of + Nombre.* a efectos prácticos = to all intents and purposes, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes, to all intents.* a él = him.* a ellos = them.* a escala = drawn-to-scale.* a escala industrial = on an industrial scale, industrial-scale.* a escala mundial = globally, on a global scale.* a escala natural = full-scale.* a escondidas = by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the quiet, on the sly.* a eso = thereto.* a espaldas de = out of sight of.* a estas alturas = by now.* a este fin = to this end.* a este paso = at this rate.* a este respecto = in this respect.* a este ritmo = at this rate.* a estrenar = brand new.* a examen = under the microscope.* a excepción de = barring, except for, excepting, other than, with the exception of, short of.* a excepción de que = except that.* a excepción de uno = with one exception.* a expensas de = at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense.* a expensas de otro = at someone else's expense.* a expensas de otros = at other people's expense.* a + Expresión Temporal = as of + Expresión Temporal.* a falta de = for want of, in the absence of, in default of, for lack of, short of.* a favor = in favour.* a favor de = in favour of.* a favor de la decisión personal sobre el aborto = pro-choice.* a favor de la esclavitud = pro-slavery.* a favor de la raza negra = pro-black [problack].* a favor de la vida humana = pro-life.* a favor y en contra = pro and con.* a + Fecha = as per + Fecha.* a finales de = by the end of, at the close of + Expresión Temporal.* a finales de + Expresión Temporal = as of late + Expresión Temporal, at the end of + Expresión Temporal, by the close of + Expresión Temporal.* a finales de + Fecha = in the late + Fecha, in late + Fecha.* a finales de los + Década = late + Década, the.* a finales del + Siglo = late + Siglo, late period of + Siglo.* a fin de cuentas = at the end of the day, in the end, in the final count, in the grand scheme of things, when all is said and done, after all is said and done.* a fondo = fully, thoroughly, full-scale.* a fondo perdido = non-refundable.* ¡a freír espárragos! = on your bike!.* a fuerza de = by dint of.* a fuerza de cometer errores = the hard way.* a fuerza de errores = the hard way.* a gas = gas-powered.* a gatas = on all fours.* a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.* a granel = in bulk.* a gran escala = large scale [large-scale], massive, on a wide scale, high-volume, wide-scale, on a broad scale, in a big way, on a grand scale.* a gran velocidad = at great speed.* a grito limpio = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.* a grito pelado = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.* a gritos = vociferously.* a groso modo = crudely.* a grosso modo = roughly, rough draft.* a gusto = at ease, at leisure.* a gusto de = to the liking of, at the pleasure of.* a horcajadas = astride.* a hurtadillas = surreptitiously, by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the sly.* a imitación de lo clásico = classicising [classicizing, -USA], classicised [classicized, -USA].* a iniciativa de = at the initiative of.* a iniciativas del gobierno = government-led.* a instancia de = at the urging of.* a instancias de = at the instigation of, at the behest of, under the auspices of.* a intervalos = at intervals.* a intervalos + Adjetivo = at + Adjetivo + intervals.* a intervalos semanales = at weekly intervals.* a invitación de = at the invitation of.* a jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].* a juicio = on trial.* a juicio público = in the public eye.* a juzgar por = to judge by, judging by, judging from.* a la acuarela = water-coloured [water-colored, -USA].* a la alcaldía = mayoral.* a la altura de = of the stature of, equal to.* a la altura de la cintura = waist high, waist deep.* a la altura de la rodilla = knee-high.* a la altura de los hombros = shoulder-high.* a la anchura de los hombros = shoulder-width.* a la anochecida = at nightfall.* a la antigua = old-style.* a la antigua usanza = old-style.* a la atención de = c/o (care of).* a la baja = on the wane.* a la brasa = grilled.* a la buena de Dios = out in the cold.* a la cabeza de = in the forefront of/in.* a la caída de la noche = at nightfall, at twilight.* a la caída de la tarde = at twilight.* a la carta = a la carte.* a la defensiva = on the defensive.* a la derecha = at the right.* a la derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.* a la deriva = rudderless.* a la discreción de = at the discretion of.* a la disposición de Alguien = at + Posesivo + disposal.* a la expectativa de = on the lookout for, on the alert for.* a la + Expresión Temporal = a + Expresión Temporal.* a la fuerza = forcefully, of necessity, forcibly, compulsorily.* a la fuga = on the run, on the lam.* a la hora de + Infinitivo = when it came to + Gerundio, when it comes to + Gerundio.* a la hora de la verdad = when push comes to shove, if it comes to the crunch, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.* a la hora del café = at coffee.* a la intemperie = in the open, exposed.* a la inversa = mirror-fashion, mirror image, in reverse.* a la izquierda = at the left.* a la larga = in the long term, over the long term, in the end, eventually, for the long pull, over a period of time, over the long haul, in the far term, ultimately, by and by.* a la ligera = lightly.* a la luz de = in light of, in the light of.* a la luz de la luna = by moonlight, in the moonlight, moonlit.* a la luz de las estrellas = by starlight.* a la luz de las velas = by candlelight, candlelight, candlelit.* a la luz del día = in the light of day.* a la luz de una lámpara de gas = by gaslight.* a la mano de = available at the fingertips of.* a la misma altura que = in the same league as.* a la moda = trendy [trendier -comp., trendiest -sup.].* a la onda = in the know.* a la opinión pública = in the public eye.* a la par = in concert, in tandem, neck and neck, in a tandem fashion, in parallel.* a la par que = in tandem with, hand in hand (with), as the same time as.* a la parrilla = grilled, on the grill.* a la perfección = superbly.* a la plancha = griddled, on the griddle, on the hotplate.* a largo plazo = in the long term, over the long term, long-range, in the long run, long-term, over the long run, over the long haul, long-run, in the far term, far-term.* a la salida = on the way out.* a la sazón = at that time.* a las doce del mediodía = at high noon.* a la semana = a week, per week.* a las mil maravillas = marvellously [marvelously, -USA], famously, like a house on fire.* a la sombra de = in the shadow of.* a las puertas de = on the threshold of.* a la última = hip [hipper -comp., hippest -sup.], on the fast track, hipped.* a la vanguardia = on the cutting edge, on the leading edge, in the fast lane, on the fast track, at the leading edge, on the bleeding edge.* a la vanguardia de = in the vanguard of, at the forefront of, in the forefront of/in, at the vanguard of.* a la velocidad de la luz = at the speed of light.* a la velocidad del rayo = at the speed of lightning.* a la velocidad del sonido = at the speed of sound.* a la venta = on release.* a la vez = at once, at one time, at similar times, at the same time, concurrently, side-by-side, simultaneously, at the same instant, in parallel, in tandem, at the one time, in a tandem fashion, at a time, in unison.* a la vez que = hand in hand (with), cum, in conjunction with, in unison with.* a la vista = in sight, within sight.* a la vista de = in light of, in the light of.* a la vuelta de = on the return leg of.* a la zaga = not far behind, in tow.* al azar = lucky draw, lucky dip.* al extremo norte = northernmost.* al extremo oeste = westernmost.* al hacer esto = in doing so.* al norte del estado = upstate.* a lo extremo = to the extreme.* a lo grande = in a big way, big time, grandly, on a grand scale.* a lo hecho, pecho = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk, you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.* a lo largo de = along, down, throughout.* a lo largo de + Expresión Temporal = sometime + Expresión Temporal.* a lo largo de la historia = over time.* a lo largo de la ruta = along the way.* a lo largo del tiempo = longitudinal, longitudinally.* a lo largo de todo = the entire length of.* a lo largo y ancho del país = countrywide [country-wide].* a lo largo y ancho de + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.* a lo lejos = in the distance.* a lo loco = helter-skelter, like there's no tomorrow.* a lo máximo = at best, at most, at the most.* a lo mejor = perhaps.* a lo que salga = come what may.* a los ojos de = in the eyes of.* a lo sumo = at best, at most, at the most.* al otro lado del atlántico = across the pond.* al otro lado del charco = across the pond.* al otro lado del océano = across the pond.* a lo zombi = zombielike.* a mano = by hand, manually, nearby [near-by], handy, within reach, within easy reach.* a mano alzada = by a show of hands.* a mano derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.* a manojos = by the handful.* a manos de = at the hands of.* a marchas forzadas = in a rush, against the clock.* a mares = cats and dogs.* a más largo plazo = longer-term.* a más..., más... = the + Comparativo..., the + Comparativo....* a más tardar = at the latest.* a mata caballo = in a hurry, hurried, hurriedly, helter-skelter.* a media asta = at half-mast, at half staff.* a mediados de = in the middle decades of.* a mediados de + Fecha = in the mid + Fecha.* a mediados de semana = midweek.* a media jornada = half-time [half time].* a media mañana = mid-morning.* a medianoche = at midnight.* a medias = half-hearted [halfhearted], qualified.* a medias entre... y... = betwixt and between.* a medida = custom, bespoke.* a medida que + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.* a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.* a medida que pasaba el tiempo = as time passed (by), as time went by.* a medida que pasa el tiempo = as time passes (by).* a medida que pasa + Expresión Temporal = as + Expresión Temporal + go by.* a medida que + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.* a medida que + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.* a medida que se necesite = on demand, on request, as required.* a medida que + transcurrir + el año = as the year + wear on.* a medida que + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.* a medio abrir = half-opened.* a medio camino = halfway [half-way/half way].* a medio comprender = half-understood.* a medio formar = half-formed.* a medio fuego = medium heat.* a medio hacer = halfway done, half done.* a medio plazo = medium-term, near-term, in the medium term, in the mid-term, mid-term [midterm].* a medio rimar = half-rhymed.* a medio vestir = half dressed.* a menor escala = at a reduced rate.* a menos que = unless, short of.* a menudo = oftentimes [often times], ofttimes [oft-times].* a merced de = at the mercy of.* a mí = me.* a mi entender = to my mind.* a mi modo de ver = in my books.* a mi parecer = to my mind, methinks, in my books.* a mitad de = half way through, halfway through.* a mitad de camino = halfway [half-way/half way].* a mitad de camino entre... y... = midway between, half way between... and....* a mitad de camino entre... y... = astride... and....* a mitad de precio = at half price.* a mí también me gustaría tener la misma oportunidad = turnabout is fair play.* a modo de = by way of, in the vein of, as a kind of.* a modo de aclaración = in parenthesis, on a sidenote.* a modo de advertencia = cautionary.* a modo de ejemplo = by way of illustration.* a modo de explicación = parenthetically.* a modo de ilustración = by way of illustration.* a modo de inciso = in passing, by the way of (a) digression.* a modo de paréntesis = parenthetical.* a modo de prólogo = prefatory.* a modo de resumen = wrap-up.* a mogollón = aplenty [a-plenty].* a montón = aplenty [a-plenty].* a montones = in droves, by the sackful.* a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].* a muerte = bitter, bitterly.* a nadie le importa nada = nobody + gives a damn.* a nivel de barrio = neighbourhood-based.* a nivel de calle = on the ground level.* a nivel de la calle = at ground level.* a nivel del suelo = at ground level.* a nivel estatal = statewide [state-wide].* a nivel federal = federally, federally.* a nivel individual = privately.* a nivel local = locally, domestically.* a nivel multicultural = multi-culturally [multiculturally].* a nivel mundial = worldwide [world-wide], globally.* a nivel nacional = nationally, domestically, countrywide [country-wide].* a nivel privado = privately.* a nivel regional = regionally.* a nombre de = payable to.* a no ser que = unless.* a nosotros = us.* a ojo = ocular.* a ojos vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.* a orillas del océano = oceanfront.* a orillas del río = riverfront.* a orillas de un lago = lakeside, lakefront, by the lakeside.* a otro sitio = somewhere else.* a pares = in pairs.* a partes iguales = share and share alike, in equal measure(s).* a partir de = on the basis of, based on, working from, from, on a diet of, in response to.* a partir de ahora = from now on, from this point on, henceforth, as of now.* a partir de ahora y durante + Cuantificador + años = for + Cuantificador + years to come.* a partir de aquí = hereupon.* a partir de ello = therefrom.* a partir de entonces = from this time on, hereafter, thereafter, whereafter, from then on, thenceforth, henceforth, from that moment on.* a partir de ese momento = from that moment on.* a partir de este momento = hereinafter.* a partir de esto = on this basis, on that basis.* a partir de + Fecha = from + Fecha, effective + Fecha.* a partir de hoy = as from today.* a partir de la medianoche = late night.* a partir de los títulos = title-based.* a paso de tortuga = at a snail's pace.* a paso ligero = on the double.* a pasos agigantados = at an exponential rate, at exponential rates, by leaps and bounds.* a pedir de boca = without a hitch.* a pequeña escala = in a small way, small scale [small-scale].* a perpetuidad = in perpetuity.* a pesar de (que) = albeit (that), despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, although, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that.* a pesar de todo = all the same, in spite of everything, despite everything, despite it all, in spite of it all, all this said.* a pesar de todo + Posesivo + Nombre = for all + Posesivo + Nombre.* a petición de = at the request of, at the urging of, at the behest of.* a petición del usuario = on demand, on request.* a petición popular = by popular demand.* a pie = on foot, afoot, dismounted.* a pilas = battery-operated.* a pique = sinking.* a placer = at will.* a plena luz del día = in broad daylight.* a poca distancia = not far behind.* a poca distancia andando = within walking distance, within an easy walk.* a poca distancia a pie = within an easy walk, within walking distance.* a pocos minutos andando = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.* a pocos minutos a pie = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.* a porrillo = by the handful.* a + Posesivo + aire = to + Posesivo + heart's content.* a + Posesivo + alcance = in the ballpark for + Pronombre, in + Posesivo + ballpark range.* a + Posesivo + costa = at + Posesivo + expense.* a + Posesivo + cuidado = in + Posesivo + safekeeping.* a + Posesivo + discreción = at will, at + Posesivo + discretion.* a + Posesivo + disposición = at + Posesivo + disposal.* a + Posesivo + entender = to the best of + Posesivo + belief.* a + Posesivo + espaldas = behind + Posesivo + back.* a + Posesivo + expensas = at + Posesivo + expense.* a + Posesivo + favor = in + Posesivo + favour, to + Posesivo + credit.* a + Posesivo + juicio = in + Posesivo + estimation.* a + Posesivo + manera = in + Posesivo + own way.* a + Posesivo + saber = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge.* a + Posesivo + saber y entender = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge and belief.* a + Posesivo + servicio = at + Posesivo + service.* a + Posesivo + sorprender = much to + Posesivo + surprise.* a + Posesivo + vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.* a posteriori = reactive, in retrospect, after-the-fact, hindsight, with hindsight, a posteriori, in hindsight.* a precio de coste = at cost price, at cost.* a precio de costo = at cost price, at cost.* a precio de ganga = at a steal.* a precio especial = at reduced cost, discounted, cut-rate, cut-price.* a precio razonable = at reasonable cost(s).* a precio reducido = at a discount.* a precios competitivos = competitively priced.* a precios especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.* a precios razonables = at affordable prices.* a presión = pressurised [pressurized, -USA].* a primera hora de la mañana = first thing in the morning.* a primera hora de + Período del Día = first thing + Período del Día.* a primeras horas de la tarde = late afternoon.* a primera vista = on first acquaintance, at first sight, on first inspection, on the face of it, at first blush, at first glance, on the surface, prima facie, first-blush.* a primeros de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.* a principios de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.* a principios de los + Década = early + Década, the.* a priori = proactive [pro-active], foresight, a priori, on the surface.* a prisa = quickly.* a propósito = deliberate, for the record, incidentally, intentionally, by the way, in passing, anecdotally, purposely, by design, on purpose, wilfully [willfully, -USA], on a sidenote, studiously, by the way of (a) digression, by the by(e), speaking of which, designedly.* a propósito de = apropos of.* a propósito de nada = for no specific reason, for no particular reason.* a prueba = on trial.* a prueba de bombas = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA], bomb-proof.* a prueba de conejos = rabbit-proof.* a prueba de fallos = fail-safe.* a prueba de incendios = fireproof [fire-proof].* a prueba de niños = childproof.* a prueba de robos = theft proof.* a prueba de tornados = tornado proof.* a prueba de un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].* a prueba de viento = windproof.* a puerta cerrada = behind closed doors.* a punta de pistola = at gunpoint.* a punto de = on the verge of, a heartbeat away from.* a punto de + Infinitivo = about to + Infinitivo.* a punto de irse a pique = on the rocks.* a punto de morir = on + Posesivo + deathbed.* a puñados = by the sackful, by the handful.* a quemarropa = point blank.* a quien madruga, Dios le ayuda = the early bird catches the worm.* a quienquiera que = whomever.* a rachas = by fits and starts.* a ráfagas = in bursts.* a raíz de = in the wake of.* a rajatabla = to the letter.* a ras de = flush with.* a ras de la calle = ground-floor.* a ras del suelo = at ground level.* a rastras = in tow.* a ratos = intermittently.* a reacción = jet-assisted.* a rebosar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.* a regañadientes = grudgingly, grudging, begrudgingly, unwillingly, reluctantly.* a régimen = on a diet.* a remolque = in tow.* a reventar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.* a saber = namely, viz, to wit.* a sabiendas = knowing, knowingly, wilfully [willfully, -USA].* a sabiendas de que = on the understanding that.* a sacudidas = jerkily.* a saltitos = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].* a salvo = in a safe place, in safekeeping, out of harm's way.* a sangre fría = cold-blooded.* a ser posible = if possible.* a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.* a solas = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.* a su debido tiempo = in due course, timely, in due time.* a sueldo = paid.* a su precio normal = at full price.* a su propio ritmo = at an individual pace.* a su tiempo = in a timely fashion, in due course, in a timely manner.* a su vez = Verbo + further, in turn, in its/their turn.* a tal efecto = to this effect.* a tales efectos = hereto.* a tarifa reducida = at reduced cost.* a tarifas especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.* a temperatura ambiente = at room temperature.* a tener en cuenta en el futuro = for future reference.* a tenor de = in light of, in the face of, in the light of, in view of.* a ti = you, thee.* a tiempo = in timely fashion, on time, promptly, timely, just in time, in time.* a tiempo completo = full-time.* a tiempo parcial = part-time.* a tientas = in the dark.* a tientas y a ciegas = blindly, in the dark.* a ti mismo = yourself, thyself.* a tiro = within gunshot, within range.* a tirones = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].* a título de = by way of, for the sake of.* a título gratuito = gratuitous.* a título personal = in a personal capacity, in a private capacity.* a toda costa = absolutely, at all costs, come what may, at any cost, at any price.* a toda máquina = in the fast lane, fast lane, full steam ahead, at full tilt, full-tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.* a toda marcha = at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.* a toda mecha = at a rate of knots, full steam ahead, at full blast, at full throttle, at top speed, at full speed, at full stretch.* a toda pasta = at a rate of knots.* a toda pastilla = in the fast lane, on the fast track, fast lane, overdrive, full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at a rate of knots, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.* a toda prueba = unswerving.* a todas horas = at all hours, around the clock.* a todas luces = patently.* a todas partes = far and wide.* a toda velocidad = full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.* a todo alrededor = all round.* a todo color = full-colour, in full colour.* a todo gas = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.* a todo lo largo de = the length of.* a todo meter = full steam ahead, at full stretch, at full speed, at full blast, at top speed, at full throttle.* a todo ritmo = in full swing, in full force, in full gear.* a todos lados = far and wide.* a todos los efectos = to all intents and purposes, to all intents, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes.* a todos los niveles = at all levels.* a todos nosotros = us all.* a todos por igual = one size fits all.* a todo vapor = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.* a todo volumen = at full blast.* a tontas y a ciegas = headlong, runaway.* a tontas y locas = like there's no tomorrow, without rhyme or reason.* a tope = packed to capacity, in the fast lane, fast lane, choc-a-block, chock-full, in full swing, in full gear, packed to the rafters.* a trancas y barrancas = with great difficulty, by fits and starts.* a través de = by way of, in the form of, through, via, out of, through the agency of.* a través de Internet = Internet-based, Web-based, Web-supported.* a través de la historia = over time.* a través de la TI = IT-enabled.* a través de la web = Web-based, Web-supported.* a través de los años = over the years, down the years.* a través de los ojos de = through the eyes of.* a través de los siglos = over the centuries.* a través del teléfono = call-in.* a través del tiempo = over time.* a través de operador = operator-assisted.* a tres bandas = three pronged.* a tres niveles = three-tiered.* a troche y moche = like there's no tomorrow.* a trompicones = by fits and starts.* a tropezones = falteringly, hesitantly, haltingly, jerkily.* a trozos = piecewise.* ¡A tu salud! = Here's to you!.* a última hora = at the last minute, at the eleventh hour, last minute [last-minute], at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last.* a últimas horas de la tarde = late evening.* a últ* * *aLa preposición a suele emplearse precedida de ciertos verbos como empezar, ir, oler, sonar etc, en cuyo caso ver bajo el respectivo verbo.No se traduce cuando introduce el complemento directo de persona (ser humano, pronombres personales que lo representan como quien, alguien, etc) o un nombre con un objeto o animal personalizado: amo a mi patria = I love my country, pasear al perro = to walk the dog.En los casos en que precede al artículo definido el para formar la contracción al, ver bajo la siguiente entrada, donde también se encontrarán otros ejemplos y usos de a.A (en relaciones de espacio, lugar)voy a México/a la fiesta I'm going to Mexico/to the partyvoy a casa I'm going homedobla a la derecha turn rightse cayó al río she fell into the river2 (indicando posición) atestaban sentados a la mesa they were sitting at the tablea orillas del Ebro on the banks of the Ebrose sentó al sol he sat in the sunse sentó a mi derecha he sat down to the right of me o on my righta la vuelta de la esquina around the cornerqueda al norte de Toledo it's (to the) north of Toledo3(indicando distancia): está a diez kilómetros de aquí it's ten kilometers from here, it's ten kilometers awayestá a unos 20 minutos de aquí it takes o it's about 20 minutes from here, it's a 20 minute drive ( o walk etc) from here1 (señalando hora, momento, fecha) atabren a las ocho they open at eight o'clock¿a qué hora vengo? what time shall I come?a eso de las dos at around o about two o'clocka la hora del almuerzo at lunchtimea mediados de abril in mid-Aprilhoy estamos a 20 it's the 20th todayal día siguiente the next o following dayempezó a hablar a los diez meses he started talking when he was ten months old o at ten monthsllegó a la mañana/noche ( RPl); he arrived in the morning/at night2 al + INF:se cayó al bajar del autobús she fell as she was getting off the busal verlo me di cuenta de que ya no lo quería when I saw him o on seeing him, I realized that I no longer loved himal salir de la estación torcí a la izquierda I turned left out of the station3(indicando distancia en el tiempo): a escasos minutos de su llegada (después) just a few minutes after she arrived; (antes) just a few minutes before she arrivedtrabajan de lunes a viernes/de una a cinco they work (from) Monday to Friday/from one to fivea los diez minutos del primer tiempo ten minutes into the first half o after ten minutes of the first halfestaré en París de martes a jueves I'll be in Paris from Tuesday until Thursday, I'll be in Paris Tuesday through Thursday ( AmE)C(en relaciones de proporción, equivalencia): tres veces al día/a la semana three times a day/a weeksale a 2.000 euros por cabeza it works out at 2,000 euros per personiban a 100 kilómetros por hora they were going (at) 100 kilometers per hournos ganaron cinco a tres they beat us by five points to three, they beat us five three o ( AmE) five to threeD(indicando modo, estilo): fuimos a pie/a caballo we walked/rode, we went on foot/on horsebackpollo al horno/a la brasa roast/barbecued chickenun peinado a lo Rodolfo Valentino a Rudolph Valentino hairstylea crédito on creditilustraciones a todo color full-color illustrationsuna tela a rayas a piece of striped material1(introduciendo el complemento directo de persona): ¿viste a José? did you see José?la policía está buscando al asesino the police are looking for the murdererno he leído a Freud I haven't read (any) Freudbusca una secretaria bilingüe he's looking for a bilingual secretary]2(introduciendo el complemento indirecto): le escribió una carta a su padre he wrote a letter to his father, he wrote his father a letterdáselo/dáselos a ella give it/them to herles enseña inglés a mis hijos she teaches my children Englishsuave al tacto soft to the touchagradable al oído pleasing to the ear3Fenséñale a nadar teach him to swimfue a preguntar he went to aska que + SUBJ:los instó a que participaran he urged them to take partvoy a ir a que me hagan un chequeo I'm going to go and have a checkup2 ( fam)(para): ¿a qué tanta ceremonia? what's all the fuss for?¿a qué le fuiste a decir eso? what did you go and tell him that for?3¿quién va a ir a por los niños? who's going to fetch o get the children?¡a por ello! go for it!G (señalando una acción que ha de realizarse) a + INF:los puntos a tratar en la reunión de mañana the points to be discussed at tomorrow's meetinges una idea a tener en cuenta it's an idea to bear in mind o that should be borne in mindtotal a pagar total payablehorario a convenir hours to be arrangedH1(en órdenes): ¡a la cama, niños! off to bed, children!¡a callar! shut up! ( colloq)vamos ¡a trabajar! come on, let's get some work done!2 (con valor condicional) a + INF:a decir verdad to tell you the trutha juzgar por lo que tú dices judging from what you say3 ( fam)(en cuanto a): a tozudo no hay quien le gane when it comes to being stubborn there's nobody like him4al + INF:al no saber idiomas está en desventaja as he doesn't speak any languages he is at a disadvantage, he's at a disadvantage not speaking any languages5(expresando desafío): ¿a que no sabes qué nota me puso? you'll never guess what mark she gave me!tú no te atreverías — ¿a que sí? you wouldn't dare — do you want to o a bet? ( colloq)¡a que no puedes! bet you can't! ( colloq)* * *
Multiple Entries:
A
a
A,◊ a sustantivo femenino (pl aes) (read as /a/) the letter A, a
a preposición Nota:
La preposición a suele emplearse precedida de ciertos verbos como empezar, ir, oler, sonar etc, en cuyo caso ver bajo el respectivo verbo.No se traduce cuando introduce el complemento directo de persona (ser humano, pronombres personales que lo representan, como quien, alguien, algún etc) o un nombre con un objeto o animal personalizado: amo a mi patria = I love my country, paseo a mi perro = I walk my dog.En los casos en que precede al artículo definido el para formar la contracción al, ver bajo la siguiente entrada, donde también se encontrarán otros ejemplos y usos de a.
1
◊ voy a México/la tienda I'm going to Mexico/to the shop;
voy a casa I'm going home;
se cayó al río she fell into the riverb) ( indicando posición):
a orillas del Ebro on the banks of the Ebro;
se sentó al sol he sat in the sun;
se sentó a mi derecha he sat down on my rightc) ( indicando distancia):
2a) (señalando hora, momento) at;
a la hora de comer at lunch time;
¿a qué hora vengo? what time shall I come?;
a mediados de abril in mid-April;
al día siguiente the next o following dayb) ( señalando fecha):◊ hoy estamos a lunes/a 20 today is Monday/it's the 20th todayc) al + inf:
al enterarse de la noticia when he learnt o on learning the news
( antes) a few minutes before she arrived;
3 (en relaciones de proporción, equivalencia):
sale a 100 euros cada uno it works out at 100 euros each;
a 100 kilómetros por hora (at) 100 kilometers per hour;
nos ganaron cinco a tres they beat us five three o (AmE) five to three
4 (indicando modo, medio, estilo):◊ a pie/a caballo on foot/on horseback;
a crédito on credit;
funciona a pilas it runs on batteries;
a mano by hand;
a rayas striped;
vestirse a lo punk to wear punk clothes
5
◊ ¿viste a José? did you see José?;
no he leído a Freud I haven't read (any) Freud
dáselo a ella give it to her;
les enseña inglés a mis hijos she teaches my children English;
le echó (la) llave a la puerta she locked the doorc) ( indicando procedencia):◊ se lo compré a una gitana I bought it from o (colloq) off a gipsy
A, a f (letra) A
'A' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
a. C.
- a.m.
- abajeña
- abajeño
- abanderada
- abanderado
- abandonar
- abandonada
- abandonado
- abanico
- abarquillada
- abarquillado
- abarrotada
- abarrotado
- abasto
- abatida
- abatido
- abatirse
- abdicar
- aberración
- abertura
- abierta
- abierto
- abigarrada
- abigarrado
- abigarrar
- ablandar
- ablusada
- ablusado
- abnegada
- abnegado
- abobada
- abobado
- abocada
- abocado
- abogacía
- abogada
- abogado
- abombada
- abombado
- abonar
- abonada
- abonado
- abonarse
- abono
- abordar
- abordaje
- aborregar
- abortar
- abortiva
English:
A
- A-level
- a.m.
- abandon
- abandoned
- abide by
- ability
- abject
- abnormal
- aboard
- aborigine
- abortion
- abortive
- about
- above
- above-board
- above-mentioned
- abrasive
- abreast
- abridged
- abrupt
- absent
- absent-minded
- absolute
- absolutely
- absorbed
- abstemious
- abstract
- absurd
- abundant
- abuse
- abusive
- abysmal
- academic
- academy
- accede
- accent
- acceptable
- access
- accident-prone
- accidental
- accidentally
- acclimatized
- accommodate
- accommodation
- accomplish
- accomplished
- account
- account for
- accountable
* * *AA, a [a] nf[letra] A, a;si por a o por be… if for any reason…* * *aprp1 dirección to;al este de to the east of;a casa home;ir a la cama/al cine go to bed/to the movies;¡a trabajar! get to work!;vamos a Buenos Aires we’re going to Buenos Aires;voy a casa de Marta I’m going to Marta’s (house)2 situación at;a la mesa at the table;al lado de next to;a la derecha on the right;al sol in the sun;a treinta kilómetros de Cuzco thirty kilometers from Cuzco;está a cinco kilómetros it’s five kilometers away3 tiempo:¿a qué hora llegas? what time do you arrive?;a las tres at three o’clock;de once a doce from eleven (o’clock) to twelve;estamos a quince de febrero it’s February fifteenth;a los treinta años at the age of thirty;a la llegada del tren when the train arrives4 modo:a la española the Spanish way;a mano by hand;a pie on foot;a 50 kilómetros por hora at fifty kilometers an hour5 precio:¿a cómo ocuánto está? how much is it?;están a dos pesos el kilo they are two pesos a kilo:dáselo a tu hermano give it to your brother:vi a mi padre I saw my father:empezar a begin to;jugar a las cartas play cards;decidirse a hacer algo decide to do sth;voy a comprarlo I’m going to buy it;a decir verdad to tell the truth:¿a que no lo sabes? I bet you don’t know;a ver OK, right;a ver lo que pasa ahora let’s see what happens nowabr (= alias) aka (= also known as)* * *a nf: first letter of the Spanish alphabeta prep1) : tonos vamos a México: we're going to Mexico¿llamaste a tu papá?: did you call your dad?como a usted le guste: as you wish3) : in the manner ofpapas a la francesa: french fries4) : on, by means ofa pie: on foot5) : per, eachtres pastillas al día: three pills per dayenséñales a leer: teach them to readproblemas a resolver: problems to be solved* * *a prep1. (dirección) to2. (posición) at3. (distancia) awayestá a un kilómetro de aquí it's one kilometre from here / it's one kilometre away4. (tiempo) at5. (distribución, cantidad, medida, precio) a / attocamos a 1.000 cada uno it works out at 1,000 each6. (modo)fui a pie I walked / I went on foothecho a mano handmade / made by hand¿has visto a Iván? have you seen Iván?9. (para) for10. (de) from -
34 factor
1) фактор2) коэффициент; показатель3) ген4) гормон5) витаминagglutinating factor — агглютинин, фактор агглютинации, агглютинирующий фактор
allogenic effect factor — аллогенный фактор (фактор, высвобождающийся из В-лимфоиитов или макрофагов в смешанной культуре лимфоцитов)
anaphylactogenic factor — анафилактогенный фактор, анафилактоген
angiogenesis factor — ангиогенин, фактор ангиогенеза (фактор, продуцируемый макрофагами при воспалении или гипоксии и стимулирующий васкуляризацию повреждённых тканей)
antigrowth factor — антиростовой фактор, фактор подавления [торможения] роста
antisuppressor factor — контрасупрессорный фактор ( продуцируемый контрасупрессорными T-лимфоцитами)
arming factors — «вооружающие» факторы (T-клеточные факторы, обуславливающие активацию цитотоксических макрофагов или лимфоцитов)
B-cell differentiation factor — фактор дифференцировки B-клеток ( индуктор дифференцировки пре-B-клеток)
B-cell maturation factor — фактор созревания В-клеток, пре-В-клеточный фактор (фактор, переводящий В-клетки из фазы G0 в митотический цикл)
B-cell nuclear factor — В-клеточный ядерный фактор (ядерный белок B-лимфоцитов, связанный с 5'-областъю иммуноглобулиновых генов)
blocking factors — блокирующие факторы (субстанции в сыворотке больных с опухолевыми заболеваниями, подавляющие способность иммунокомпетентных лимфоцитов-киллеров разрушать опухолевые клетки)
blood-coagulation factor — фактор свёртывания крови, коагулирующий фактор
camp factor — фактор лизиса эритроцитов (напр. обработанных токсином)
chemotactic factor — хемотаксический фактор ( моноцитов), хемотаксин
Christmas factor — тромбопластин плазмы, фактор IX
cloning inhibitory factor — фактор, ингибирующий клонирование (растворимый медиатор клеточно-зависимого иммунитета, подавляющий клональный рост клеточных культур)
clumping factor — агглютинин, фактор агглютинации, агглютинирующий фактор
coagulation factor — фактор свёртывания крови, коагулирующий фактор
colony-enhancing factor — колониестимулирующий фактор, КСФ
colony-stimulating factor — колониестимулирующий фактор, КСФ
conglutinogen-activating factor — конглютиногенактивирующий фактор ( сывороточный аналог C3b инактиватора)
corticotropin releasing factor — кортикотропин-рилизинг фактор, кортиколиберин
cytotoxic factor — цитотоксический фактор, цитотоксин
cytotoxicity factor — цитотоксический фактор, цитотоксин
decay-accelerating factor — 1) фактор распада 2) ( комплементзависимый) стимулятор гемолиза, DAF-фактор (белковый регулятор C3/C5-конвертазы)
diluting factor — фактор ослабления, ген-ослабитель (ген-модификатор, ослабляющий действие главных генов)
edema factor — фактор, вызывающий отёк ( один из трёх белковых компонентов экзотоксина Bacillus anthracis)
Ehrlich's serum factors — иммуноглобулины, уст. сывороточные факторы Эрлиха
fibrin-stabilizing factor — фактор XIII, фибринстабилизирующий фактор, фибриназа, фибринолигаза, фактор Лаки-Лорана, фактор Робинса
Fitzgerald factor — фактор Фитцджеральда, фактор Флоджека, фактор XV, фактор Вильямса ( высокомолекулярный кининоген в системе свёртывания крови)
Flaujeac factor — фактор Фитцджеральда, фактор Флоджека, фактор XV, фактор Вильямса ( высокомолекулярный кининоген в системе свёртывания крови)
Fletcher factor — плазменный прекалликреин, фактор Флетчера, фактор XIV
genetically restricted factor — GR-фактор, фактор Эрба (растворимый фактор антигенактивированных макрофагов, представляющий собой комплекс антигена с аутодетерминантами главного комплекса гистосовместимости и способный к индукции сингенных хелперных T-клеток)
glycosylation-enhancing factor — фактор, стимулирующий гликозилирование ( IgE-связывающих рецепторов)
growth factor — фактор роста, ростовой фактор
growth-stimulating factor — фактор роста, ростовой фактор
Hageman factor — фактор XII, контактный фактор, фактор Хагемана
Hanukah's factor — фактор Ханка (сериновая протеаза, ответственная за цитолитическую активность T-лимфоцитов)
helper factor — (вспомогательный) хелперный фактор, хелперный сигнал, T-хелперный фактор
hemolymphopoietic growth factor — гемолимфопоэтический фактор роста; фактор дифференцировки В-клеток ( индуктор дифференцировки пре-B-клеток)
histamine-releasing factor — гистамин-рилизинг фактор, гистаминоген
histamine sensitization factor — гистаминоген, гистамин-рилизинг фактор
homologous restriction factor — гомологичный фактор рестрикции (мембранный белок лимфоцитов, участвующий в процессе формирования мембраноатакующим комплексом комплемента особых каналов в плазмалемме клетки-мишени и предохраняющий аутологичный лимфоцит-киллер от аутолиза)
IgE-binding factor — рецептор, связывающий иммуноглобулины Е
immunomodulating factor — иммуномодулятор, иммуномодулирующий фактор
inflammatory factor — фактор [медиатор] аллергического воспаления (напр. гистамин); кожно-сенсибилизирующий агент
inhibiting factor — ингибитор, ингибирующий фактор
inhibition factor — ингибитор, ингибирующий фактор
inhibitory factor — ингибитор, ингибирующий фактор
initiation factor — фактор [сигнал] инициации (напр. транскрипции)
Laki-Lorand factor — фактор Лаки-Лорана, фактор XIII, фибринстабилизирующий фактор, фибриназа, фибринолигаза, фактор Робинса
Lawrence factor — фактор переноса, трансферный фактор, фактор Лоуренса
lethal factor — фактор летальности ( один из трёх белковых компонентов экзотоксина Bacillus anthracis)
leukokinesis-enhancing factor — фактор, усиливающий хемотаксис лейкоцитов
lymphocyte colony inhibitory factor — фактор, подавляющий колониеобразование лимфоцитов
macrophage fusion factor — фактор [индуктор] слияния макрофагов
macrophage recruiting factor — фактор пролиферации макрофагов, макрофагальный рекрут-фактор
macrophage slowing factor — фактор, замедляющий миграцию макрофагов
mast cell growth factor — фактор роста тучных клеток (напр. интерлейкин 3)
multilineage factor — линиенеспецифический [поливалентный] фактор роста
multipotential factor — поливалентный [линиенеспецифический] фактор роста
myelopoietic factor — фактор индукции миелопоэза, миелопоэтин
nephritic factor — (C3-)нефритогенный фактор (комплемент-специфическое антитело IgG-типа в сыворотке больных гломерулонефритом)
neutrophil-immobilizing factor — фактор подавления миграции нейтрофилов, фактор иммобилизации нейтрофилов
neutrophil migration inhibitory factor — фактор подавления миграции нейтрофилов, фактор иммобилизации нейтрофилов
pathway-specific factor — линиеспецифический фактор, фактор линейной дифференцировки
pre-B-cell factor — фактор созревания В-клеток, пре-В-клеточный фактор (фактор, переводящий В-клетки из фазы G0 в митотический цикл)
рге-gel factor — гелеобразующий фактор, коагулоген ( фактор клеточного иммунитета у членистоногих)
proliferation inhibitory factor — фактор, ингибирующий пролиферацию (растворимый медиатор клеточно-зависимого иммунитета, тормозящий пролиферацию клеточных культур)
Prower factor — фактор X, фактор Стюарта
resistance transfer factor — фактор передачи устойчивости, R-фактор
Robbins factor — фактор Робинса, фибринстабилизирующий фактор, фибриназа, фибринолигаза, фактор Лаки-Лорана, фактор XIII
seeding factor — фактор оседания (отношение количества клеток, способных репопулировать селезёнку и образовывать в ней колонии, к общему количеству костномозговых клеток, введённых в организм)
sex-influenced factor — ген, доминантность которого обусловлена полом особи
skin reactive factor — фактор [медиатор] аллергического воспаления (напр. гистамин); кожно-сенсибилизирующий агент
stem cell renewal factor — фактор самоподдержания стволовых клеток (напр. интерлейкин 3)
stimulatory factor — стимулятор, фактор стимуляции
Stuart factor — фактор X, фактор Стюарта
suppressor factor — фактор супрессии ( иммунного ответа), супрессорный фактор
T-cell growth factor — фактор роста T-клеток (напр. интерлейкин 2)
T-cell replacing factor — фактор, замещающий T-клетки
termination factor — фактор [сигнал] терминации (напр. транскрипции)
transfer factor — фактор переноса, трансферный фактор, фактор Лоуренса
trapping factor — фактор миграции, трэппинг-фактор
T-suppressor factor 1 — T-супрессорный фактор 1 (антиген-специфический фактор, продуцируемый супрессорными Т-клетками первого порядка и несущий идиотипические детерминанты и детерминанты I-J субобласти главного комплекса гистосовместимости)
T-suppressor factor 2 — Т-супрессорный фактор 2 (идиотип-специфический фактор, продуцируемый супрессорными Т-клетками второго порядка и активирующий антиген-специфические супрессорные клетки третьего порядка)
tumor autocrine motility factor — аутокринный фактор миграции опухолевых клеток, опухолеспецифический аутоцитокин
Williams factor — фактор Вильямса, фактор Фитцджеральда, фактор Флоджека, фактор XV ( высокомолекулярный кининоген в системе свёртывания крови)
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35 factor
1) фактор; причина, движущая сила процесса2) коэффициент; показатель3) ген. фактор4) гормон5) витамин•- absorption factor
- accessory factor
- additive factor
- age correction factor
- age factor
- anaphylactogenic factor
- animal protein factor
- anthropogenic factor
- antiberiberi factor
- antigen-specific helper factor
- antigen-specific suppressor factor
- antropogenic factor
- arresting factor
- autocrine growth factor
- B-cell differentiation factor
- B-cell maturation factor
- B-cell nuclear factor
- B-cell-derived enhancing factor
- Behrens factors
- biotic factor
- blood-coagulation factors
- branching factor
- camp factor
- causative factor
- C-factor
- chemotactic factor
- citrovorum factor
- climatic factor
- clotting factors
- clumping factor
- coagulation factors
- cobra venom factor
- colony-enhancing factor
- colony-stimulating factor
- complementary factor
- condition factor
- conditioning factor
- control factor
- correction factor
- coupling factor
- crucial factor
- cumulative factor
- cytocidal factor
- cytopathic factor
- decay-accelerating factor
- density-dependent factor
- density-independent factor
- determinal factor
- differentiation-inducing factor
- differentiation-promoting factor
- diluting factor
- direct factor
- disease-producing factor
- disturbing factor
- ecological factor
- edaphic factor
- efficiency factor
- elongation factor
- environmental factor
- epidermal growth factor
- epidermal thymocyte-activating factor
- etiological factor
- evaluation factor
- evolution factor
- extension factor
- external factor
- F factor
- factor of adhesion
- feedback factor
- Fletcher's factor
- food factor
- form factor
- formative factor
- F-prime sex factor
- fractionation factor
- F-sex factor
- Fultin's condition factor
- gametic factor
- genetic factor
- growth factor
- growth hormone release inhibiting factor
- growth hormone releasing factor
- growth-promoting factor
- H factor
- heat-stable factor
- helper factor
- hereditary factor
- hormonal factor
- humerus factor
- hydric factor
- I factor
- immunomodulating factor
- inducer factor
- inhibitive factor
- initiating factor
- internal factor
- intrinsic factor
- key factor
- killer factor
- lactogenic factor
- lethal factor
- leukocyte-derived chemotactic factor
- light factor
- limiting factor
- lineage-restricted growth factor
- linked factors
- loss factor
- lymphocyte colony enhancing factor
- lymphocyte colony inhibitory factor
- lymphocyte colony promoting factor
- lymphocyte-activating factor
- macrophage Ia-positive recruiting factor
- macrophage migration inhibition factor
- macrophage spreading factor
- macrophage-activating factor
- macrophage-agglutinating factor
- major factor
- male recombination factor
- man-made factor
- mast cell growth factor
- master factor
- Mendelian factor
- mesenchyme-derived growth factor
- migration inhibition factor
- minor factor
- motivational factor
- MR factor
- MSH-release inhibiting factor
- multilineage growth factor
- multiple factors
- multipotential growth factor
- myelopoietic factor
- N factor
- nerve growth factor
- neutral factor
- nitrogen factor
- nonreactive factor
- P factor
- paternal factor
- physiographic factor
- plasma factor
- platelet-derived growth factor
- porosity factor
- posterior pituitary antidiuretic factor
- posterior pituitary oxytocic factor
- posterior pituitary vasopressor factor
- primary factor
- procomplementary factor
- quality factor
- R factor
- reactive factor
- recessive factor
- relaxing factor
- release factor
- resistance transfer factor
- Rh factor
- rhesus factor
- rho factor
- rosette-inhibiting factor
- safety factor
- SD factor
- seeding factor
- segregation distorter factor
- selective factor
- serum factor
- sex-influenced factor
- sex-ratio factor
- SF factor
- sigma factor
- silt factor
- site factor
- soil factor
- spreading factor
- SR factor
- stem cell renewal factor
- stringent factor
- Stuart factor
- suppressor factor
- T cell growth factor
- T cell replacing factor
- termination factor
- thermal factor
- Thy-1-inducing factor
- time factor
- transfer factor
- transforming factor
- trophic factor
- TSH-releasing factor
- tumor necrosis factor
- use factor
- vital factor
- von Willebrand factor
- water factor* * *причина, движущая сила процесса -
36 lysis
лизисlysis of erythrocytes — гемолиз, лизис эритроцитов
erythrocyte lysis — гемолиз, лизис эритроцитов
hot-cold lysis — термонезависимый лизис ( механизм деструктивного действия стафилококкового beta-лизина)
killer-cell-independent lysis — киллер-независимый лизис (последняя из трёх последовательных стадий в лизисе мишеней клетками-киллерами)
MAC-mediated lysis — лизис, вызванный мембраноатакующим комплексом ( эффекторная фаза комплементзависимого цитолиза)
reactive lysis — реактивный ( спонтанный) лизис
snap lysis — спонтанный лизис; естественная цитотоксичность; NK-зависимый цитолиз
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37 плазматический [протоплазматический] астроцит
protoplasmatic [protoplasmic, ameboid, reactive, gemistocytic] cell, ameboid [reactive, gemistocytic] astrocyte, gemistocyte, astrocytus protoplasmaticus [NH]Большой русско-английский медицинский словарь > плазматический [протоплазматический] астроцит
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38 protein
белок, протеин; белковый, протеиновыйanchorage protein — якорный ( опорный) белок
anionic protein — щелочной [анионный или основной] белок
anodal protein — кислый [катионный] белок
associated protein — примесный ( минорный) белок
autoimmune protein — аутоиммунный белок (белок, вызывающий образование в организме аутоантител); аутоантиген ( тканей)
bactericidal permeability-increasing protein — бактерицидный белок, увеличивающий проницаемость клеточной мембраны (среднемолекулярный белок, продуцируемый нейтрофилами человека и способный после специфического связывания с мембраной бактериальной клетки вызывать резкое увеличение её проницаемости)
cAMP-binding protein — белок, связывающий циклический аденозин-монофосфат
capping protein — кэпирующий белок (белок, формирующий цитоскелет окончаний микрофиламентов, напр. beta-актинин)
cationic protein — кислый [катионный] белок
catodal protein — щелочной [анионный или основной] белок
channel-forming proteins — каналообразующие [пороформирующие] белки, перфорины (мембранные белки, способные к образованию пор в мембране цитотоксических лимфоцитов)
chimeric protein — химерный [рекомбинантный] белок
core protein — 1) капсидный белок ( вириона) 2) коровый белок, белок сердцевины ( хромосомы)
C-reactive protein — C-реактивный белок, ЦРБ
crude protein — общий белок (сыворотки, ткани и т.п.)
designer protein — сконструированный ( инженерным путём) белок
factitious protein — искусственный (напр. рекомбинантный) белок
full-length protein — первичный продукт трансляции, непроцессированный белок
fused protein — 1) слитый белок (белок, полученный методами рекомбинантных ДНК в результате слияния кодирующих последовательностей различного смыслового содержания) 2) пептидилированный ( с пришитыми по C- или N-концам пептидами) белок
heat shock protein — хитшоковые белки, белки теплового шока (белки, синтез которых индуцируется в результате теплового воздействия на клетку)
infected cell protein — белок инфицированной [заражённой] клетки ( обычно вирус-специфический белок)
iron protein — железосодержащий белок (напр. ферритин)
light-harvesting protein — флуоресцирующий белок (напр. фикобилин)
marker protein — белок-метчик, маркерный белок
M-associated protein — M-ассоциированный протеин, нетипоспецифический M-белок ( стрептококков)
multidomain protein — мультидоменный ( состоящий из множества доменов) белок; мультимерный белок
polypeptidyl protein — полипептидилированный белок (белок, модифицированный присоединением неродственной полипептидной цепи)
pore-forming proteins — пороформирующие [каналообразующие] белки, перфорины (мембранные белки, способные к образованию пор в мембране цитотоксических лимфоцитов)
priming protein — примирующий ( антигенный) белок
recombinant protein — химерный [рекомбинантный] белок
red protein — лактоферрин, лактотрансферрин, лактосидерофилин, красный белок молока
retiaric protein — ретиарный белок (химерный белок, состоящий из A-цепи рицина и моноклонального антитела и обладающий свойствами иммунотоксина)
ribosome inactivating protein — белок, инактивирующий рибосому, рибосомотоксин
sensor protein — рецепторный [сенсорный] белок
serum protein — сывороточный белок, серопротеин
sex-limited protein — белок, ограниченный полом, Slp(-мapкep) (антигенный маркёр у мышей-самцов с гаплотипом Slpa, определяемый аутоиммунной сывороткой)
template-assembled protein — собранный [синтезированный] матричным способом белок, темплатный протеин
tip protein — верхушечный белок (напр. пилей бактериальной клетки)
tolerated protein — белок, лишённый иммуногенных свойств
transacting protein — трансактивирующий белок, белок-трансактиватор (напр. работы гена)
vegetable protein — растительный белок, глютен
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39 tolerance
толерантность, иммунологическая неотвечаемостьto break tolerance — нарушать [подавлять] толерантность
to secure tolerance — стабилизировать состояние толерантности, сохранить толерантность ( организма к антигену)
absolute tolerance — абсолютная [системная] толерантность
cross-reactive tolerance — перекрёстная толерантность (трансплантационная толерантность к антигену, перекрёстно реагирующему с толерогеном)
drug-induced tolerance — толерантность, индуцированная лекарственными средствами
hapten-specific tolerance — толерантность, индуцированная гаптеном
internal tolerance — толерантность к «своему», аутотолерантность
partial tolerance — иммунное отклонение, расщеплённая толерантность
selective tolerance — иммунное отклонение, расщеплённая толерантность
split tolerance — иммунное отклонение, расщеплённая толерантность
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40 antibody
- abortifacient antibody
- adhesion-blocking antibody
- agglutinating antibody
- anaphylactic antibody
- anti-antiself antibody
- anti-B antibody
- anticarrier antibody
- anticlonotypic antibody
- anti-dsDNA antibody
- antiforeign antibody
- anti-Forssman antibody
- antihapten antibody
- antihemagglutination antibody
- anti-idiotypic antibody
- antinative DNA antibody
- anti-nDNA antibody
- antipan T-cell antibodies
- antiplacental antibody
- antired-cell antibody
- anti-Rh antibody
- antiself MHC antibody
- anti-T antibody
- antitoxic antibody
- arming antibody
- autoanti-idiotypic antibody
- autoreactive antibody
- bactericidal antibody
- bifunctional antibody
- biotin-conjugated antibody
- bivalent antibody
- blocking antibody
- capture antibody
- carrier-bound antibody
- cavity-type antibody
- chelate-tagged antibody
- chimeric antibody
- classical antibody
- cold-reactive antibody
- complement-fixing antibody
- conformation-sensitive antibody
- cytophilic antibody
- cytostatic antibody
- domain-specific antibody
- early antibody
- entrapped antibody
- first antibody
- first-layer antibody
- first-stage antibody
- framework monoclonal antibody
- graft-specific antibody
- hemolytic antibody
- heteroclytic antibody
- heteroligating antibody
- homocytotropic antibody
- humoral antibody
- hyperimmune antibody
- idiotype-bearing antibody
- idiotypic antibody
- immune antibody
- incomplete antibody
- integral antibody
- late antibody
- leukoagglutinating antibody
- locus-specific antibody
- low-grade antibody
- maternal antibody
- minute antibodies
- modified antibody
- monoclonal antibody
- monomorphic antibody
- monovalent antibody
- natural antibody
- nonprecipitating antibody
- opsoning antibody
- plaque reduction antibody
- polyclonal antibody
- polymorphic antibody
- precipitating antibody
- protective antibody
- quencher-labeled antibodies
- reaginic antibody
- reagin-like antibody
- recall antibody
- recombinant antibody
- secondary antibodies
- second-layer antibodies
- serotype-specific antibody
- serum neutralizing antibody
- sessile anaphylactic antibody
- sessile antibody
- site-directed antibody
- skin-sensitizing antibody
- solid-phase antibody
- targeting antibody
- tissue-fixed antibody
- univalent antibody
- vaccine-induced antibody
- whole antibody* * *
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