polenta

* * *

pearl barley, barley groats.

* * *

cŏquo, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. [kindr. with Sanscr. pak; Gr. pep in peptô or pessô; Germ. backen; Engl. bake], to cook, to prepare by cooking, to bake, boil, roast, parch, steep, melt, heat (very freq. and class.).

Lit.:

cenam,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 7:

cottidie sic cena ei coquebatur, ut, etc.,

Nep. Cim. 4, 3:

cibum,

Lucr. 5, 1102; cf.

cibaria,

Liv. 3, 27, 3; 29, 25, 6; 44, 32, 11;

44, 35, 13 al.: qui illa coxerat,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98:

quae coxerat aere cavo,

Ov. M. 4, 505:

dulce dedit, tostā quod coxerat ante polentā,

cooked from parched malt, id. ib. 5, 450:

humana exta,

Hor. A. P. 186:

(pavonem),

id. S. 2, 2, 28:

aliquid ex oleo,

in oil, Cels. 5, 177; so,

aliquid ex aceto,

Scrib. Comp. 252. — Absol.:

si nusquam coctum is, quidnam cenat Juppiter?

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 56:

in nonum diem solet ire coctum,

id. Aul. 2, 4, 46; 3, 2, 15:

coquendo sit faxo et molendo,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 61.—

Subst.

coctum, i, n., cooked food:

quid tu, malum, curas, utrum crudum an coctum edim?

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 16 Ussing:

ne quid in popinas cocti praeter legumina aut olera veniret,

Suet. Ner. 16.— Plur.:

cocta vendere,

Suet. Claud. 38.—

cocta, ae, f., water boiled, and cooled by ice; a decoction, Mart. 2, 85, 1; cf. Plin. 19, 4, 19, § 55; Suet. Ner. 48.—

Transf.

To prepare by fire, to burn, parch, etc.:

laterculos,

Cato, R. R. 39, 2:

calcem,

id. ib. 38, 1 sq.:

carbonem,

id. ib. fin.:

locum sol,

Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 2; cf.:

glaebas maturis solibus aestas,

Verg. G. 1, 66:

cocta ligna,

dried, hardened by drying, Dig. 32, 1, 55, § 7:

coctus agger,

i. e. built of bricks, Prop. 3 (4), 11, 22:

rosaria cocta matutino Noto,

dried up, parched, id. 4 (5), 5, 62; cf.:

at vos, praesentes Austri, coquite horum obsonia,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 41:

aurum cum plumbo,

Plin. 33, 3, 19, § 60:

aera fornacibus,

Luc. 6, 405.—

To ripen, make mature:

arbores sol ac luna,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:

uvas,

id. ib. 1, 54, 1; cf.

vinum,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 125; and:

mitis vindemia,

Verg. G. 2, 522:

poma (with matura),

Cic. Sen. 19, 71:

fructus solibus,

Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 23:

messem,

Mart. 10, 62 al. —

= concoquo, to digest:

cibus confectus jam coctusque,

Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 137; 2, 54, 136 (but in these passages Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 64, would read concoquo, denying that coquo ever means to digest; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 8, 4, 16); Lact. Opif. Dei, 14, 5; cf.:

balineae ardentes, quibus persuasere in corporibus cibos coqui,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 26:

plerique... bubulum coquunt,

Cels. 4, 5, § 27; 4, 18, § 4.—

Trop. (in the poets and prose writers after the Aug. per.).

To elaborate something in mind, to consider, to think, meditate upon, contrive, plan: quicquid est, incoctum non expromet;

bene coctum dabit,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 55: bene cocto, condito, sermone bono, Lucil. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1; cf. Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 25; cf.:

consilia secreto,

Liv. 2, 36, 2:

bellum,

id. 8, 3, 2:

trucem invidiam,

Stat. Th. 2, 300:

iras cum fraude,

Sil. 7, 403:

Latio extrema coepta,

id. 10, 431.—

To vex, harass, torment, disturb the mind:

egomet me coquo et macero et defetigo,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 3: si quid ego adjuero curamve levasso, quae nunc te coquit et versat in pectore fixa, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1; cf.:

si sollicitudo oratorem macerat et coquit,

Quint. 12, 10, 77:

quos ira metusque coquebat,

Sil. 14, 103:

quam... Femineae ardentem curaeque iraeque coquebant,

Verg. A. 7, 345.—Hence, Ital. cuocere; Fr. cuire. —Hence, coctus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to III. A. supra), well considered, well digested: bene coctus sermo, Lucil. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1.— Transf., of persons: hodie juris coctiores non sunt, qui lites creant. Quam, etc. (alluding to the double meaning of jus), better skilled in, etc., Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 9.

cŏquo, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. [kindr. with Sanscr. pak; Gr. pep in peptô or pessô; Germ. backen; Engl. bake], to cook, to prepare by cooking, to bake, boil, roast, parch, steep, melt, heat (very freq. and class.).

Lit.:

cenam,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 7:

cottidie sic cena ei coquebatur, ut, etc.,

Nep. Cim. 4, 3:

cibum,

Lucr. 5, 1102; cf.

cibaria,

Liv. 3, 27, 3; 29, 25, 6; 44, 32, 11;

44, 35, 13 al.: qui illa coxerat,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98:

quae coxerat aere cavo,

Ov. M. 4, 505:

dulce dedit, tostā quod coxerat ante polentā,

cooked from parched malt, id. ib. 5, 450:

humana exta,

Hor. A. P. 186:

(pavonem),

id. S. 2, 2, 28:

aliquid ex oleo,

in oil, Cels. 5, 177; so,

aliquid ex aceto,

Scrib. Comp. 252. — Absol.:

si nusquam coctum is, quidnam cenat Juppiter?

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 56:

in nonum diem solet ire coctum,

id. Aul. 2, 4, 46; 3, 2, 15:

coquendo sit faxo et molendo,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 61.—

Subst.

coctum, i, n., cooked food:

quid tu, malum, curas, utrum crudum an coctum edim?

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 16 Ussing:

ne quid in popinas cocti praeter legumina aut olera veniret,

Suet. Ner. 16.— Plur.:

cocta vendere,

Suet. Claud. 38.—

cocta, ae, f., water boiled, and cooled by ice; a decoction, Mart. 2, 85, 1; cf. Plin. 19, 4, 19, § 55; Suet. Ner. 48.—

Transf.

To prepare by fire, to burn, parch, etc.:

laterculos,

Cato, R. R. 39, 2:

calcem,

id. ib. 38, 1 sq.:

carbonem,

id. ib. fin.:

locum sol,

Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 2; cf.:

glaebas maturis solibus aestas,

Verg. G. 1, 66:

cocta ligna,

dried, hardened by drying, Dig. 32, 1, 55, § 7:

coctus agger,

i. e. built of bricks, Prop. 3 (4), 11, 22:

rosaria cocta matutino Noto,

dried up, parched, id. 4 (5), 5, 62; cf.:

at vos, praesentes Austri, coquite horum obsonia,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 41:

aurum cum plumbo,

Plin. 33, 3, 19, § 60:

aera fornacibus,

Luc. 6, 405.—

To ripen, make mature:

arbores sol ac luna,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:

uvas,

id. ib. 1, 54, 1; cf.

vinum,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 125; and:

mitis vindemia,

Verg. G. 2, 522:

poma (with matura),

Cic. Sen. 19, 71:

fructus solibus,

Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 23:

messem,

Mart. 10, 62 al. —

= concoquo, to digest:

cibus confectus jam coctusque,

Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 137; 2, 54, 136 (but in these passages Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 64, would read concoquo, denying that coquo ever means to digest; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 8, 4, 16); Lact. Opif. Dei, 14, 5; cf.:

balineae ardentes, quibus persuasere in corporibus cibos coqui,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 26:

plerique... bubulum coquunt,

Cels. 4, 5, § 27; 4, 18, § 4.—

Trop. (in the poets and prose writers after the Aug. per.).

To elaborate something in mind, to consider, to think, meditate upon, contrive, plan: quicquid est, incoctum non expromet;

bene coctum dabit,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 55: bene cocto, condito, sermone bono, Lucil. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1; cf. Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 25; cf.:

consilia secreto,

Liv. 2, 36, 2:

bellum,

id. 8, 3, 2:

trucem invidiam,

Stat. Th. 2, 300:

iras cum fraude,

Sil. 7, 403:

Latio extrema coepta,

id. 10, 431.—

To vex, harass, torment, disturb the mind:

egomet me coquo et macero et defetigo,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 3: si quid ego adjuero curamve levasso, quae nunc te coquit et versat in pectore fixa, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1; cf.:

si sollicitudo oratorem macerat et coquit,

Quint. 12, 10, 77:

quos ira metusque coquebat,

Sil. 14, 103:

quam... Femineae ardentem curaeque iraeque coquebant,

Verg. A. 7, 345.—Hence, Ital. cuocere; Fr. cuire. —Hence, coctus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to III. A. supra), well considered, well digested: bene coctus sermo, Lucil. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1.— Transf., of persons: hodie juris coctiores non sunt, qui lites creant. Quam, etc. (alluding to the double meaning of jus), better skilled in, etc., Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 9.

ex-cĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3, v. a. [capio].

(With the notion of the ex predominating.) To take or draw out.

Lit. (rarely): aliquem e mari, to draw out, fish out, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 293, 26 (Rep. 4, 8, 8 Baiter):

vidulum (e mari),

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 140 sq.:

dens manu, forcipe,

Cels. 7, 12, 1:

telum (e vulnere),

id. 7, 5, 1:

clipeum cristasque rubentes Excipiam sorti,

to withdraw, exempt, Verg. A. 9, 271.—

Trop.

In gen.: servitute exceptus, withdrawn, i. e. rescued from slavery, Liv. 33, 23, 2:

nihil jam cupiditati, nihil libidini exceptum,

exempt, Tac. Agr. 15.—

In partic.

To except, make an exception of (freq. and class.):

hosce ego homines excipio et secerno libenter,

Cic. Cat. 4, 7, 15:

qui (Democritus) ita sit ausus ordiri: Haec loquor de universis. Nihil excipit, de quo non profiteatur,

id. Ac. 2, 23, 73; cf. id. ib. 2, 9, 28:

Lacedaemonii ipsi, cum omnia concedunt in amore juvenum praeter stuprum, tenui sane muro dissaepiunt id, quod excipiunt,

id. Rep. 4, 4:

senex talos elidi jussit conservis meis: sed me excepit,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 13.—With ne:

Licinia lex, quae non modo eum, qui, etc.... sed etiam collegas ejus, cognatos, affines excipit, ne eis ea potestas curatiove mandetur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 8, 21;

so in legal limitations,

id. ib. 2, 9, 24; id. Balb. 14, 32; see also exceptio.—With ut, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9, 26:

excepi de antiquis praeter Xenophanem neminem,

id. Div. 1, 39, 87:

ut in summis tuis laudibus excipiant unam iracundiam,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13, 37:

dolia, in horreis defossa, si non sint nominatim in venditione excepta, etc.,

Dig. 18, 1, 76; so ib. 77.—In the abl. absol.:

omnium mihi videor, exceptis, Crasse, vobis duobus, eloquentissimos audisse Ti. et C. Sempronios,

you two excepted, Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 38; cf.:

vos hortor, ut ita virtutem locetis, ut eā exceptā nihil amicitia praestabilius esse putetis,

id. Lael. 27 fin.:

exceptā sapientiā,

id. ib. 6, 20. — Neutr. absol.:

excepto, quod non simul esses, cetera laetus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 50:

excepto, si obscena nudis nominibus enuntientur,

Quint. 8, 3, 38; Pers. 5, 90; Aug. Serm. 17, 3; 46, 2.—Hence,

Jurid. t. t., said of the defendant, to except, to make a legal exception to the plaintiff's statement:

verum est, quod qui excipit, probare debeat, quod excipitur,

Dig. 22, 3, 9; so ib. 18:

adversus aliquem,

ib. 16, 1, 17 et saep.; cf. exceptio and the authorities there cited.—

In an oration, a law, etc., to express by name, to make particular mention of, to state expressly (rare, and perh. not anteAug.):

cum Graecos Italia pellerent, excepisse medicos,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 16: vites in tantum sublimes, ut vindemitor auctoratus rogum ac tumulum excipiat, expressly stipulates for (in case he should fall and break his neck), id. 14, 1, 3, § 10.

(With the notion of the verb predominating.) To take a thing to one's self (in a good or bad sense), to catch, capture, take, receive.

Lit.

In gen.:

sanguinem paterā,

Cic. Brut. 11, 43; cf. Col. 9, 15, 9:

e longinquo sucum,

Plin. 25, 7, 38, § 78:

labentem excepit,

Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43: se in pedes, to take to one's feet, i. e. spring to the ground, Liv. 4, 19, 4:

filiorum extremum spiritum ore,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118; cf.:

tunicis fluentibus auras,

Ov. A. A. 3, 301:

omnium tela,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 177; so,

tela,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 3:

vulnera,

Cic. Sest. 10, 23; cf.:

vulnus ore,

Quint. 6, 3, 75; and:

plagae genus in se,

Lucr. 2, 810:

o terram illam beatam, quae hunc virum exceperit!

Cic. Mil. 38, 105; cf.: hunc (Mithridatem) in timore et fuga Tigranes excepit, id de. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:

aliquem benigno vultu,

Liv. 30, 14, 3; cf.

also: hic te polenta excipiet,

Sen. Ep. 21 med.:

aliquem epulis,

Tac. G. 21:

multos ex fuga dispersos excipiunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 6. alios vagos per hiberna milites excipiebant, Liv. 33, 29, 2: speculator, exceptus a juvenibus mulcatur, id. 40, 7, 4: cf. Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 5:

servos in pabulatione,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20, 9:

incautum,

Verg. A. 3, 332:

(uri) mansuefieri ne parvuli quidem excepti possunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 28, 4:

aprum latitantem,

Hor. C. 3, 12, 10:

caprum insidiis,

Verg. E. 3, 18:

fugientes feras,

Phaedr. 1, 11, 6:

aprum, feram venabulo,

Quint. 4, 2, 17; Sen. Prov. 2 et saep.—

Of inanimate subjects:

postero die patenti itinere Priaticus campus eos excepit,

received them, Liv. 38, 41, 8:

silva tum excepit ferum,

Phaedr. 1, 12, 9; Quint. 2, 12, 2. —

In partic.

To come next to, to follow after, succeed a thing:

linguam ad radices ejus haerens excipit stomachus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 135: quinque milia passuum proxima intercedere itineris campestris;

inde excipere loca aspera et montuosa,

Caes. B. C. 1, 66 fin.:

alios alii deinceps,

id. B. G. 5, 16 fin. — Poet.:

porticus excipiebat Arcton,

i. e. was turned to the north, looked towards the north, Hor. C. 2, 15, 16.—

In medic. lang.: aliquid aliqua re, to take something in something, i. e. mixed with something:

quae (medicamenta) excipiuntur cerato ex rosa facto,

Cels. 5, 18, 20; 5, 25, 5; 6; 12 et saep.—

Trop.

In gen., to take or catch up, to intercept:

genus divinationis naturale, quod animus arripit aut excipit extrinsecus ex divinitate,

Cic. Div. 2, 11, 26; cf.:

posteaquam vidit, illum excepisse laudem ex eo, quod,

i. e. obtained, id. Att. 1, 14, 3: subire coëgit et excipere pericula, to take upon one's self, to receive, support, sustain (the figure being taken from the reception of an enemy's blows or shots), Cic. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:

Germani celeriter phalange facta impetus gladiorum exceperunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 52, 4; so,

impetus,

id. B. C. 1, 58, 1:

vim frigorum hiememque,

Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 42:

labores magnos,

id. Brut. 69, 243 et saep.:

excipimus nova illa cum favore et sollicitudine,

receive, Quint. 10, 1, 15:

verba risu,

id. 1, 2, 7:

praecepta ad excipiendas hominum voluntates,

for taking captive, Cic. de Or. 2, 8, 32:

invidiam,

to draw upon one's self, Nep. Dat. 5, 2.—

Of inanim. or abstr. subjects:

quae (sublicae) cum omni opere conjunctae vim fluminis exciperent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 9; 3, 13, 1:

quid reliquis accideret, qui quosque eventus exciperent,

i. e. would befall, overtake them, Caes. B. C. 1, 21 fin.; Verg. A. 3, 318; Liv. 1, 53, 4.—

In partic.

To catch with the ear, esp. eagerly or secretly, to catch up, listen to, overhear:

maledicto nihil facilius emittitur, nihil citius excipitur,

Cic. Planc. 23, 57; id. Sest. 48, 102:

assensu populi excepta vox consulis,

Liv. 8, 6, 7:

ad has excipiendas voces speculator missus,

id. 40, 7, 4; 2, 4, 5; 4, 30, 3:

laudem avidissimis auribus excipit,

Plin. Ep. 4, 19, 3:

notis quoque excipere velocissime solitum,

i. e. to write down in shorthand, Suet. Tit. 3:

rumores,

Cic. Deiot. 9, 25; cf.

voces,

Liv. 40, 7, 4:

sermonem eorum,

id. 2, 4, 5:

furtivas notas,

Ov. Am. 1, 4, 18.—

To follow after, to succeed a thing in time or the order of succession (cf. above, A. 2. a.):

tristem hiemem pestilens aestas excepit,

Liv. 5, 13, 4:

Herculis vitam et virtutem immortalitas excepisse dicitur,

Cic. Sest. 68, 143:

violis succedit rosa: rosam cyanus excipit, cyanum amarantus,

Plin. 21, 11, 39, § 68:

excipit Pompilium Numam Tullus Hostilius,

Flor. 1, 3, 1:

hunc (locutum) Labienus excepit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 87, 1.— Absol.:

turbulentior inde annus excepit,

succeeded, followed, Liv. 2, 61, 1; Caes. B. G. 7, 88, 2:

re cognita tantus luctus excepit, ut, etc.,

id. B. C. 2, 7, 3.—Hence,

Transf.: aliquid, to continue, prolong a thing:

memoriam illius viri excipient omnes anni consequentes,

Cic. de Sen. 6, 19; Liv. 38, 22, 3:

vices alicujus,

Just. 11, 5.— Poet. with inf., Sil. 13, 687.

lī̆quĭdus, a, um (the first syll. usually short; long in Lucr. 1, 349; 3, 427; while in the line id. 4, 1259 it is used both as long and short; v. infra), adj. [liqueo], flowing, fluid, liquid.

Lit.:

aqua bona et liquida,

Cato, R. R. 73:

crassaque conveniant liquidis et liquida crassis,

Lucr. 4, 1259:

liquida moles,

the sea, id. 6, 405:

iter,

a voyage, Prop. 3, 20 (4, 21), 14:

palaestra (because there liquid unguents were used),

Luc. 9, 661:

odores,

liquid unguents, Hor. C. 1, 5, 2: sorores, fountain-nymphs, Ov. M. 1, 704:

venter,

loose, Cels. 2, 8:

alvus,

watery, loose, id. 2, 6.— Subst.: lī̆quĭdum, i, n., a liquid, water:

tibi si sit opus liquidi non amplius urna,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 54:

cum liquido mixtā polentā,

Ov. M. 5, 454.—

Transf., clear, bright, transparent, limpid, pure:

lumen,

Lucr. 5, 281:

fontes,

Verg. E. 2, 59:

ignis,

id. ib. 6, 33:

aër,

id. G. 1, 404:

aether,

id. A. 7, 65; Hor. C. 2, 20, 2:

Baiae,

id. ib. 3, 4, 24:

color,

id. ib. 4, 8, 7:

liquidior lux,

Curt. 7, 11, 22:

liquidissima caeli tempestas,

Lucr. 4, 168:

nox,

Verg. A. 10, 272:

aestas,

id. G. 4, 59: iter, serene way (through the air), id. A. 5, 217.—

Esp. of sounds.

Of the voice: vox, a clear voice or song:

variae volucres liquidis loca vocibus opplent,

Lucr. 2, 146; Verg. G. 1, 410:

cui liquidam pater Vocem cum cithara dedit,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 3:

carmen citharae,

Lucr. 4, 981.—

Liquidae consonantes, the liquids, i. e. the letters l, m, n, r, Prisc. 1, 2, 11; 2, 2, 13: liquidae dictae sunt (litterae) quia liquescunt in metro aliquoties et pereunt, Cledon. p. 1882 P. al.; cf. liquesco, I. B. 2.—

Trop.

Flowing, continuing without interruption:

genus sermonis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 159.—

Clear, calm, serene, peaceful:

tam liquidus est, quam liquida esse tempestas solet,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 64:

animo liquido et tranquillo es,

id. Ep. 5, 1, 36:

liquido's animo,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 3:

mens,

Cat. 63, 46:

somnus,

Val. Fl. 4, 16.—

Unmixed, unadulterated:

ut quicquid inde haurias, purum liquidumque te haurire sentias,

Cic. Caecin. 27, 78:

voluptas liquida puraque,

Lucr. 3, 40; cf.:

voluptas et libera,

Cic. Fin. 1, 18, 58.—

Clear, evident, certain:

auspicium,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 72.—Hence, lī̆quĭdum, i, n., clearness, certainty:

redigere aliquid ad liquidum,

Sen. Ep. 71, 32:

ad liquidum confessumque perducere aliquid,

Quint. 5, 14, 28:

res ad liquidum ratione perducta,

Vell. 1, 16, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms: lĭquĭdō and lĭquĭdē, clearly.

Lit.:

caelum liquide serenum,

Gell. 2, 21, 2.— Comp.:

liquidius audiunt talpae,

Plin. 10, 69, 88, § 191.—

Clearly, plainly, evidently, certainly:

aliquid liquido audire,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 59, § 136; so,

confirmare,

id. ib. 2, 4, 56, §

124: negare,

id. Fam. 11, 27, 7:

si liquido appareat,

Dig. 44, 5, 1:

si liquido constiterit,

ib. 29, 4, 4.—In the form liquide:

consistere,

Gell. 14, 1, 7.— Comp.:

liquidius judicare,

Cic. Fam. 10, 10, 1:

liquidius facere,

id. Fin. 2, 12, 38:

aliquid liquidius absolvere,

Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 20.— Sup.:

liquidissime atque invictissime defendere,

Aug. Ep. 28 fin.

lī̆quĭdus, a, um (the first syll. usually short; long in Lucr. 1, 349; 3, 427; while in the line id. 4, 1259 it is used both as long and short; v. infra), adj. [liqueo], flowing, fluid, liquid.

Lit.:

aqua bona et liquida,

Cato, R. R. 73:

crassaque conveniant liquidis et liquida crassis,

Lucr. 4, 1259:

liquida moles,

the sea, id. 6, 405:

iter,

a voyage, Prop. 3, 20 (4, 21), 14:

palaestra (because there liquid unguents were used),

Luc. 9, 661:

odores,

liquid unguents, Hor. C. 1, 5, 2: sorores, fountain-nymphs, Ov. M. 1, 704:

venter,

loose, Cels. 2, 8:

alvus,

watery, loose, id. 2, 6.— Subst.: lī̆quĭdum, i, n., a liquid, water:

tibi si sit opus liquidi non amplius urna,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 54:

cum liquido mixtā polentā,

Ov. M. 5, 454.—

Transf., clear, bright, transparent, limpid, pure:

lumen,

Lucr. 5, 281:

fontes,

Verg. E. 2, 59:

ignis,

id. ib. 6, 33:

aër,

id. G. 1, 404:

aether,

id. A. 7, 65; Hor. C. 2, 20, 2:

Baiae,

id. ib. 3, 4, 24:

color,

id. ib. 4, 8, 7:

liquidior lux,

Curt. 7, 11, 22:

liquidissima caeli tempestas,

Lucr. 4, 168:

nox,

Verg. A. 10, 272:

aestas,

id. G. 4, 59: iter, serene way (through the air), id. A. 5, 217.—

Esp. of sounds.

Of the voice: vox, a clear voice or song:

variae volucres liquidis loca vocibus opplent,

Lucr. 2, 146; Verg. G. 1, 410:

cui liquidam pater Vocem cum cithara dedit,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 3:

carmen citharae,

Lucr. 4, 981.—

Liquidae consonantes, the liquids, i. e. the letters l, m, n, r, Prisc. 1, 2, 11; 2, 2, 13: liquidae dictae sunt (litterae) quia liquescunt in metro aliquoties et pereunt, Cledon. p. 1882 P. al.; cf. liquesco, I. B. 2.—

Trop.

Flowing, continuing without interruption:

genus sermonis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 159.—

Clear, calm, serene, peaceful:

tam liquidus est, quam liquida esse tempestas solet,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 64:

animo liquido et tranquillo es,

id. Ep. 5, 1, 36:

liquido's animo,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 3:

mens,

Cat. 63, 46:

somnus,

Val. Fl. 4, 16.—

Unmixed, unadulterated:

ut quicquid inde haurias, purum liquidumque te haurire sentias,

Cic. Caecin. 27, 78:

voluptas liquida puraque,

Lucr. 3, 40; cf.:

voluptas et libera,

Cic. Fin. 1, 18, 58.—

Clear, evident, certain:

auspicium,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 72.—Hence, lī̆quĭdum, i, n., clearness, certainty:

redigere aliquid ad liquidum,

Sen. Ep. 71, 32:

ad liquidum confessumque perducere aliquid,

Quint. 5, 14, 28:

res ad liquidum ratione perducta,

Vell. 1, 16, 1.—Hence, adv., in two forms: lĭquĭdō and lĭquĭdē, clearly.

Lit.:

caelum liquide serenum,

Gell. 2, 21, 2.— Comp.:

liquidius audiunt talpae,

Plin. 10, 69, 88, § 191.—

Clearly, plainly, evidently, certainly:

aliquid liquido audire,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 59, § 136; so,

confirmare,

id. ib. 2, 4, 56, §

124: negare,

id. Fam. 11, 27, 7:

si liquido appareat,

Dig. 44, 5, 1:

si liquido constiterit,

ib. 29, 4, 4.—In the form liquide:

consistere,

Gell. 14, 1, 7.— Comp.:

liquidius judicare,

Cic. Fam. 10, 10, 1:

liquidius facere,

id. Fin. 2, 12, 38:

aliquid liquidius absolvere,

Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 20.— Sup.:

liquidissime atque invictissime defendere,

Aug. Ep. 28 fin.

pollūcĕo, xi, ctum, 2, v. a. [old prep. port = Gr. proti, pros, and liceor; root licof linquo; Gr. leipô; cf. licet].

Lit., in relig. lang., to place upon the altar as a sacrifice to the deity, to offer, offer up:

Jovi dapali culignam vini quantumvis polluceto... cum pollucere oportebit, sic facies, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 132: polluxi tibi iam publicando epulo Herculis decumas, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 874 P. (Com. Rel. p. 9 Rib.):

decumam partem Herculi,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 80: pisces, Cass. Hem. ap. Plin. 32, 2, 10, § 20:

pollucere merces (quas cuivis deo) liceat, sunt far, polenta, vinum, panis fermentalis, ficus passa, suilla, bubula, agnina, casei, ovilla, alica, sesama et oleum, pisces quibus est squama praeter scarum: Herculi autem omnia esculenta, potulenta,

Fest. p. 253 Müll.—

Transf.

To serve up as a dish: non ego sum pollucta pago, I am no dish for the village (like the Engl. saying, I am meat for your master), Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 11.—

To entertain, to treal with a thing (ante- and post-class.).

Lit., jocosely:

polluctus virgis servus,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 37.—

Trop., to cause to share in or partake of, Arn. 5, 164.—Hence,

pol-luctum, i, n., the thing offered, an offering; also, a sacrificial banquet:

polluctum quod a porricendo est fictum. Cum enim ex mercibus libamenta porrecta sunt Herculi in aram, tum polluctum est,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 54 Müll.: ad polluctum emere, Cass. Hem. ap. Plin. 32, 2, 10, § 20:

polluctum Herculis,

Macr. S. 2, 12 fin.; Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 63.—

polluctē, adv., with rich offerings, sumptuously, magnificently: pollucte prodigus, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Fest. s. v. prodegeris, p. 229 Müll. (dub.).

pollūcĕo, xi, ctum, 2, v. a. [old prep. port = Gr. proti, pros, and liceor; root licof linquo; Gr. leipô; cf. licet].

Lit., in relig. lang., to place upon the altar as a sacrifice to the deity, to offer, offer up:

Jovi dapali culignam vini quantumvis polluceto... cum pollucere oportebit, sic facies, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 132: polluxi tibi iam publicando epulo Herculis decumas, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 874 P. (Com. Rel. p. 9 Rib.):

decumam partem Herculi,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 80: pisces, Cass. Hem. ap. Plin. 32, 2, 10, § 20:

pollucere merces (quas cuivis deo) liceat, sunt far, polenta, vinum, panis fermentalis, ficus passa, suilla, bubula, agnina, casei, ovilla, alica, sesama et oleum, pisces quibus est squama praeter scarum: Herculi autem omnia esculenta, potulenta,

Fest. p. 253 Müll.—

Transf.

To serve up as a dish: non ego sum pollucta pago, I am no dish for the village (like the Engl. saying, I am meat for your master), Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 11.—

To entertain, to treal with a thing (ante- and post-class.).

Lit., jocosely:

polluctus virgis servus,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 37.—

Trop., to cause to share in or partake of, Arn. 5, 164.—Hence,

pol-luctum, i, n., the thing offered, an offering; also, a sacrificial banquet:

polluctum quod a porricendo est fictum. Cum enim ex mercibus libamenta porrecta sunt Herculi in aram, tum polluctum est,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 54 Müll.: ad polluctum emere, Cass. Hem. ap. Plin. 32, 2, 10, § 20:

polluctum Herculis,

Macr. S. 2, 12 fin.; Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 63.—

polluctē, adv., with rich offerings, sumptuously, magnificently: pollucte prodigus, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Fest. s. v. prodegeris, p. 229 Müll. (dub.).

sătur, ŭra, ŭrum, adj. [satis], full of food, sated, that has eaten enough (class.).

Lit.:

ubi satur sum (opp. quando esurio),

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 27; so (opp. esurientes) id. Poen. prol. 6 sq.:

sopor quem satur aut lassus capias,

Lucr. 4, 957: esurientibus pullis res geri poterit;

saturis nihil geretur,

Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77:

postquam isti a mensā surgunt saturi, poti,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 62:

cum tu satura atque ebria eris, puer ut satur sit facito,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 3;

so (with ebrius and crudus),

Quint. 11, 3, 27:

et exacto contentus tempore vita Cedat, uti conviva satur,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 119:

capellae,

Verg. E. 10, 77:

colonus,

Tib. 2, 1, 23:

histrio,

Mart. 12, 79, 1.—Humorously, of a pregnant woman, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 35.—

With abl.:

qui non edistis, saturi fite fabulis,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 8:

quadrupedes suco ambrosiae,

Ov. M. 2, 120:

nepos anseris extis,

Pers. 6, 71.—

With gen.:

postquam intus sum omnium rerum satur,

Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 3; so,

rerum (with plenus),

Lucr. 3, 960:

altilium,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 35.— Comp.:

agnus saturior lactis,

Col. 7, 4, 3.—

Transf., of things ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Of color, full, deep, strong, rich:

color,

Plin. 37, 10, 61, § 170:

vellera saturo fucata colore,

Verg. G. 4, 335:

(purpura) quo melior saturiorque est,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 12:

vestes Tyrio saturae ostro,

richly dyed, Sen. Thyest. 956.—

In gen., well filled, full; rich, abundant, fertile:

praesepia,

Verg. G. 3, 214:

Tarentum,

id. ib. 2, 197; cf.

rus,

Pers. 1, 71:

auctumnus, Col. poët. 10, 43: messes,

Lucil. Aetn. 12:

locis ob umidam caeli naturam saturis et redundantibus,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 9, 1.—

Fatted, fat:

aves paludis,

Mart. 11, 52, 14.—

Trop., rich, fruitful (opp. dry, simple; very rare;

perh. only in the two foll. passages): nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute (dicet),

Cic. Or. 36, 123:

gestus,

i. e. various, Manil. 5, 474.—Hence, sătŭra, ae, f. (sc. lanx), orig., a dish filled with various kinds of fruits, a plate of fruit; hence, also, food composed of various ingredients, a mixture, medley, olio, etc. (both significations, however, rest only on the statements of the grammarians); and hence, transf.,

Per saturam, in the gross or in the lump, i. e. without order or distinctness, confusedly:

lanx plena diversis frugibus in templum Cereris infertur, quae saturae nomine appellatur, Acro,

Hor. S. 1, 1: satura et cibi genus ex variis rebus conditum et lex multis aliis legibus conferta (this latter signif. has perh. arisen from an erroneous explanation of the foll. expression, per saturam). Itaque in sanctione legum ascribitur: neve per saturam abrogato aut derogato. Ti. Annius Luscus in eā, quam dixit adversus Ti. Gracchum: Imperium, quod plebes per saturam dederat, id abrogatum est. Et C. Laelius in eā, quam pro se dixit... (Sall. J. 29, 5) Dein postero die quasi per saturam sententiis exquisitis in deditionem accipitur, Fest. p. 314 Müll.: satira dicta a saturā lance, quae referta variis multisque primitiis in sacro apud priscos diis inferebatur... sive a quodam genere farciminis, quod multis rebus refertum, saturam dicit Varro vocitatum. Est autem hoc positum in II. libro Plautinarum Quaestionum: Satura est uva passa et polenta et nuclei pinei mulso conspersi: ad haec alii addunt et de malo Punico grana. Alii autem dictam putant a lege saturā, quae uno rogatu multa simul comprehendat, quod scilicet et satura carmina multa simul et poëmata comprehenduntur: cujus legis Lucilius meminit in primo: Per saturam aedilem factum qui legibus solvat et Sallustius in Jugurtha: Deinde quasi per saturam sententiis exquisitis in deditionem accipitur, Diom. p. 483 P.:

hoc opus legentibus tradebatur non secundum edicti perpetui ordinationem sed passim et quasi per saturam collectum et utile cum inutilibus mixtum, Just. praef. Dig. ad Antecess. § 1: Pescennius Festus in libris historiarum per saturam refert, Carthaginienses, etc.,

Lact. 1, 21, 13.—

sătŭra, and after the class. per. sătĭra (erroneously sătyra), ae, f., a satire, a species of poetry, originally dramatic and afterwards didactic, peculiar to the Romans (not connected with the Greek Satyri); it first received a regular poetic form from Ennius, and after him was cultivated by Lucilius, Horace, Persius, and Juvenal; Liv. 7, 2:

sunt quibus in saturā videar nimis acer,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 1; Stat. S. 1, 3, 103; Amm. 16, 6, 3.—Personified:

Satura jocabunda,

Mart. Cap. 6, § 576.

sătur, ŭra, ŭrum, adj. [satis], full of food, sated, that has eaten enough (class.).

Lit.:

ubi satur sum (opp. quando esurio),

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 27; so (opp. esurientes) id. Poen. prol. 6 sq.:

sopor quem satur aut lassus capias,

Lucr. 4, 957: esurientibus pullis res geri poterit;

saturis nihil geretur,

Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77:

postquam isti a mensā surgunt saturi, poti,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 62:

cum tu satura atque ebria eris, puer ut satur sit facito,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 3;

so (with ebrius and crudus),

Quint. 11, 3, 27:

et exacto contentus tempore vita Cedat, uti conviva satur,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 119:

capellae,

Verg. E. 10, 77:

colonus,

Tib. 2, 1, 23:

histrio,

Mart. 12, 79, 1.—Humorously, of a pregnant woman, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 35.—

With abl.:

qui non edistis, saturi fite fabulis,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 8:

quadrupedes suco ambrosiae,

Ov. M. 2, 120:

nepos anseris extis,

Pers. 6, 71.—

With gen.:

postquam intus sum omnium rerum satur,

Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 3; so,

rerum (with plenus),

Lucr. 3, 960:

altilium,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 35.— Comp.:

agnus saturior lactis,

Col. 7, 4, 3.—

Transf., of things ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Of color, full, deep, strong, rich:

color,

Plin. 37, 10, 61, § 170:

vellera saturo fucata colore,

Verg. G. 4, 335:

(purpura) quo melior saturiorque est,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 12:

vestes Tyrio saturae ostro,

richly dyed, Sen. Thyest. 956.—

In gen., well filled, full; rich, abundant, fertile:

praesepia,

Verg. G. 3, 214:

Tarentum,

id. ib. 2, 197; cf.

rus,

Pers. 1, 71:

auctumnus, Col. poët. 10, 43: messes,

Lucil. Aetn. 12:

locis ob umidam caeli naturam saturis et redundantibus,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 9, 1.—

Fatted, fat:

aves paludis,

Mart. 11, 52, 14.—

Trop., rich, fruitful (opp. dry, simple; very rare;

perh. only in the two foll. passages): nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute (dicet),

Cic. Or. 36, 123:

gestus,

i. e. various, Manil. 5, 474.—Hence, sătŭra, ae, f. (sc. lanx), orig., a dish filled with various kinds of fruits, a plate of fruit; hence, also, food composed of various ingredients, a mixture, medley, olio, etc. (both significations, however, rest only on the statements of the grammarians); and hence, transf.,

Per saturam, in the gross or in the lump, i. e. without order or distinctness, confusedly:

lanx plena diversis frugibus in templum Cereris infertur, quae saturae nomine appellatur, Acro,

Hor. S. 1, 1: satura et cibi genus ex variis rebus conditum et lex multis aliis legibus conferta (this latter signif. has perh. arisen from an erroneous explanation of the foll. expression, per saturam). Itaque in sanctione legum ascribitur: neve per saturam abrogato aut derogato. Ti. Annius Luscus in eā, quam dixit adversus Ti. Gracchum: Imperium, quod plebes per saturam dederat, id abrogatum est. Et C. Laelius in eā, quam pro se dixit... (Sall. J. 29, 5) Dein postero die quasi per saturam sententiis exquisitis in deditionem accipitur, Fest. p. 314 Müll.: satira dicta a saturā lance, quae referta variis multisque primitiis in sacro apud priscos diis inferebatur... sive a quodam genere farciminis, quod multis rebus refertum, saturam dicit Varro vocitatum. Est autem hoc positum in II. libro Plautinarum Quaestionum: Satura est uva passa et polenta et nuclei pinei mulso conspersi: ad haec alii addunt et de malo Punico grana. Alii autem dictam putant a lege saturā, quae uno rogatu multa simul comprehendat, quod scilicet et satura carmina multa simul et poëmata comprehenduntur: cujus legis Lucilius meminit in primo: Per saturam aedilem factum qui legibus solvat et Sallustius in Jugurtha: Deinde quasi per saturam sententiis exquisitis in deditionem accipitur, Diom. p. 483 P.:

hoc opus legentibus tradebatur non secundum edicti perpetui ordinationem sed passim et quasi per saturam collectum et utile cum inutilibus mixtum, Just. praef. Dig. ad Antecess. § 1: Pescennius Festus in libris historiarum per saturam refert, Carthaginienses, etc.,

Lact. 1, 21, 13.—

sătŭra, and after the class. per. sătĭra (erroneously sătyra), ae, f., a satire, a species of poetry, originally dramatic and afterwards didactic, peculiar to the Romans (not connected with the Greek Satyri); it first received a regular poetic form from Ennius, and after him was cultivated by Lucilius, Horace, Persius, and Juvenal; Liv. 7, 2:

sunt quibus in saturā videar nimis acer,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 1; Stat. S. 1, 3, 103; Amm. 16, 6, 3.—Personified:

Satura jocabunda,

Mart. Cap. 6, § 576.