plūrālĭter

audācĭa, ae, f. [audax], the quality of being audax, boldness, in a good, but oftener in a bad sense (syn.: fortitudo, audentia, animus, virtus).

In a good sense, daring, intrepidity, courage, valor:

audacia in bello,

Sall. C. 9, 3:

audacia pro muro habetur,

id. ib. 58, 17:

frangere audaciam,

Liv. 25, 38, 6:

ipso miraculo audaciae obstupefecit hostes,

id. 2, 10:

nox aliis in audaciam, aliis ad formidinem opportuna,

Tac. A. 4, 51:

unam in audaciā spem salutis (esse),

id. H. 4, 49;

so Just. praef. 2, 9 al.: in audaces non est audacia tuta,

Ov. M. 10. [p. 201] 544:

Quod si deficiant vires, audacia certe Laus erit,

Prop. 3, 1, 5:

sumpsisset cor ejus audaciam,

Vulg. 2 Par. 17, 6 al.—

In a bad sense, daring, audacity, presumption, temerity, insolence, impudence:

O hominis inpudentem audaciam,

Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 13, and Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 72, Phaedr. 3, 5, 9:

conpositis mendaciis Advenisti, audaciai columen,

shamelessness, impudence, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 211:

Tantāne adfectum quemquam esse hominem audaciā!

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 84:

audacia non contrarium (fidentiae), sed appositum est ac propinquum et tamen vitium est,

Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 165:

animus paratus ad periculum, si suā cupiditate, non utilitate communi inpellitur, audaciae potius nomen habeat quam fortitudinis,

id. Off. 1, 19, 63:

incredibili importunitate et audaciā,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 30:

audaciā et impudentiā fretus,

id. Fl. 15; so id. Caecin. 1; id. Phil. 10, 5; 13, 13 fin.; id. Clu. 65; id. Inv. 1, 33 al.; Sall. C. 23, 2; 52, 11; 61, 1; id. J. 7, 5; 14, 11 al.; Liv. 28, 22; 44, 6 al.; Tac. A. 11, 26; id. H. 3, 66; 3, 73 al.; Suet. Vesp. 8; Curt. 6, 11; 8, 13; Vulg. Sap. 12, 17 et saep. —In plur. (abstr. for concr.), daring deeds, = audacter facta:

quantas audacias, quam incredibiles furores reperietis,

Cic. Sull. 27 fin.: audacias Cato pluraliter dixit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll.; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 89; id. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Att. 9, 7:

quam (formam vitae) postea celebrem miseriae temporum et audaciae temporum fecerunt,

Tac. A. 1, 74.—In a milder signif. freedom, boldness:

licentia vel potius audacia,

Cic. Lig. 8:

vitare audaciam in translationibus,

Suet. Gram. 10 fin.

nēmō̆ ( o long, Hor. S. 1, 1, 1;

short,

Mart. 1, 40; Juv. 2, 83 al.), ĭnis (but in class. Lat. nullius is used for the gen., and nullo or nullā for the abl.; gen. neminis, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 106; Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.; abl. nemine, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 89; Cic. Or. Tog. Cand. Fragm. 19, p. 242 Klotz; Tac. A. 16, 27; id. H. 2, 47; Suet. Aug. 45; 95; id. Tib. 12; 17 et saep.; dat. nemini, rare but class., Caes. B. C. 1, 85, 12; Sall. C. 13, 1; id. J. 24, 4), m. and f. [ne-homo; cf. praeda for praehenda: nemo compositum videtur ex ne et homo: quod confirmatur magis, quia in personā semper ponitur, nec pluraliter formari solet, quia intellegitur pro nullo, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.], no man, no one, nobody: quem nemo ferro potuit superare nec auro, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 3, 3, 6 (Ann. v. 220 Vahl.): nemo me lacrimis decoret, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117 (Epigr. v. 3 ib.): quos non miseret neminis, id. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll. (Trag. v. 174 ib.); so Cato ib.; Lucil. ap. Non. 143, 19; Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 106:

facio pluris omnium hominum neminem,

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 4; id. Fam. 6, 6, 10:

amicum ex consularibus neminem tibi esse video, praeter, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 5, b, 2:

in quo (collegio) nemo e decem sanā mente sit,

id. Leg. 3, 10, 24:

nemo ex tanto numero est, quin, etc.,

id. Font. 2, 5:

nemo de iis, qui, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 43, 191:

omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior, quam, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

nemine juvante,

Just. 9, 1, 4:

ubi nemo est, qui possit corrumpere,

Cic. Verr. 1, 16, 46:

nemo reperietur, qui dicat, etc.,

id. Font. Fragm. 2, 3; Cic. Att. 7, 3, 8.—Nemo non, every one, everybody, all:

aperte adulantem nemo non videt, nisi, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 26, 99:

nemo Arpinas non Plancio studet,

id. Planc. 9, 22; id. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

nemo potest non beatissimus esse,

id. Par. 2, 17.—Non nemo, many a one, some:

video de istis abesse non neminem,

Cic. Cat. 4, 5, 10; id. Caecin. 28, 79:

quas leges ausus est non nemo improbus,

id. Pis. 5, 10.—Strengthened by a negative following:

neminem deo, nec deum, nec hominem carum esse vultis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 43, 121:

nemo umquam neque orator, neque poëta fuit, qui, etc.,

id. Att. 14, 20, 2.—As adj.:

nemo homo,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 29:

ut per biduum nemo hominem homo agnosceret,

Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 96:

ut hominem neminem pluris faciam,

id. Fam. 13, 55, 1.—

Nemo unus,

no one, Liv. 28, 35; 2, 6; 3, 12:

nemo unus contra ire ausus est,

Tac. A. 14, 45.—Nemo quisquam, no one at all, Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 2; Gell. 2, 6, 9.—Nemo alter, Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 91; and nemo alius, no one else:

alium enim cui illam commendem habeo neminem,

Cic. Att. 11, 9, 3; id. Mil. 17, 46.—

In fem.:

vicinam neminem amo magis quam te,

Plaut. Casin. 2, 2, 12; Ter. And. 3, 2, 26.—

Trop., a nobody:

me moverat nemo magis quam is, quem tu neminem putas,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 8.—

Transf.

Adj., no, not any ( = nullus): nemo civis neque hostis, Enn. ap. Sen. Ep. 18, 5 (Epigr. v. 5 Vahl.):

se adhuc reperire discipulum, potuisse neminem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 28, 129:

vir nemo bonus ab improbo se donari vult,

id. Leg. 2, 16, 41:

opifex,

id. N. D. 2, 32, 81; Nep. Att. 19, 3.—

Of things, for nullus (post-class.): neminem excepit diem, Prud. steph. 10, 744.

Pĕnātes, ĭum (Penatis singulariter Labeo Antistius posse dici putat, quia pluraliter Penates dicuntur, cum patiatur proportio etiam Penas dici, ut optimas, primas, Antias, Fest. p. 253 Müll. But the singular is never used; and for Denas = Penas, which some assume in Dion. Hal. 1, 68, it is probably most correct to read DIS MAGNIS, v. Ambrosch, Studien und Andeut. vol. i. p. 231 sq.— Acc. plur. PENATEIS, perh. Tab. Bant. lin. 22), m. [from the root pa, whence pascor, pabulum, pānis; also penus, and, through the notion of a storehouse or inner chamber, also penes, penetro; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 270 sq.; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 425 sq.].

Lit., the Penates, old Latin guardian deities of the household, and of the state formed of a union of households, whose seat was originally in Lavinium; usually connected with di: IN VELIA APVD AEDEM DEVM PENATIVM, Inscr. Varr. L. L. 5, § 54 Müll.; cf.:

aedes deorum Penatium in Veliā,

Liv. 45, 16:

AEDEM DEVM PENATIVM IN VELIA, Monum. Ancyr.: di Penates,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 5 sq.: in mensā Penatium deorum, Naev. ap. Prob. Verg. E. 6, 31:

sanctis Penatium deorum Larumque familiarium sedibus,

Cic. Rep. 5, 5, 7; id. Deiot. 5, 15: MENS. IANVAR. SACRIFICANT. DIS. PENATIBVS, Calend. Farnes. ap. Inscr. Orell. 2, p. 380: v. s. Inscr. Orell. 1677; cf. ib. 1675 and 1678:

DIIS. DEABVS PENATIBVS FAMILIARIBVS ET IOVI CETERISQVE DIIBVS,

ib. 2118.—Without di:

vos Penates patriique dii,

Cic. Sest. 20, 45:

Ilium in Italiam portans victosque Penatis,

Verg. A. 1, 68; 5, 62:

impudens liqui patrios Penatis,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 49:

hostia Mollivit aversos Penates,

id. ib. 3, 23, 19:

iniqui,

id. ib. 2, 4, 15:

profugos posuistis Penates,

Ov. M. 3, 539; 9, 445; id. Tr. 1, 3, 45:

IVNIANI,

Inscr. Orell. 1587; cf.

, respecting the Penates,

Cic. N. D. 2, 27, 68; Varr. and Nigid. ap. Arn. 3, 123; Macr. 3, 4; Serv. Verg. A. 2, 296 and 325.—

Transf., a dwelling, home, hearth (cf. Lares, II.):

Quintius a suis dis penatibus praeceps ejectus,

Cic. Quint. 26, 83; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:

nostris succede penatibus hospes,

Verg. A. 8, 123:

ferro Libycos populare penates,

id. ib. 1, 527:

conducti penates,

Mart. 8, 75, 1:

sub uno tecto esse atque ad eosdem penates,

Liv. 28, 18.—Hence, poet., of the hearth:

flammis adolere penatis,

Verg. A. 1, 704.— Also, of the cells of bees, Verg. G. 4, 155; of the temple of a god, Stat. Th. 1, 643.

plūrālis, e, adj. [plus], belonging or relating to more than one, relating to many (post-Aug.).

In gen.

Pluralis elocutio testium, Dig. 22, 5, 12.—

Plural, consisting of more than one:

deitas,

Arn. in Psa. 67.—

In partic., a gram. t. t., plural: praeterea numeros, in quibus nos singularem ac pluralem habemus, Graeci et duikon, Quint. 1, 5, 42:

genitivus,

of the plural, id. 1, 6, 26.— Absol.:

cum singulari pluralis subjungitur,

the plural, Quint. 9, 3, 8:

singularia pluralibus miscet,

id. 9, 3, 63; 1, 5, 16; cf. id. 8, 6, 28.— Adv.: plūrālĭ-ter, in the plural, gram. t. t.:

tonitrua nos pluraliter dicimus,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 56, 1; Quint. 1, 6, 25; 8, 3, 35; 8, 6, 28.

singŭlāris, e, adj. [singuli].

Lit.

In gen., one by one, one at a time, alone, single, solitary; alone of its kind, singular (class.;

syn.: unus, unicus): non singulare nec solivagum genus (sc. homines),

i. e. solitary, Cic. Rep. 1, 25, 39:

hostes ubi ex litore aliquos singulares ex navi egredientes conspexerant,

Caes. B. G. 4, 26:

homo,

id. ib. 7, 8, 3; so,

homo (with privatus, and opp. isti conquisiti coloni),

Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 97:

singularis mundus atque unigena,

id. Univ. 4 med.:

praeconium Dei singularis facere,

Lact. 4, 4, 8; cf. Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 26:

natus,

Plin. 28, 10, 42, § 153:

herba (opp. fruticosa),

id. 27, 9, 55, § 78: singularis ferus, a wild boar (hence, Fr. sanglier), Vulg. Psa. 79, 14:

hominem dominandi cupidum aut imperii singularis,

sole command, exclusive dominion, Cic. Rep. 1, 33, 50; so,

singulare imperium et potestas regia,

id. ib. 2, 9, 15:

sunt quaedam in te singularia... quaedam tibi cum multis communia,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 88, § 206:

singulare beneficium (opp. commune officium civium),

id. Fam. 1, 9, 4:

odium (opp. communis invidia),

id. Sull. 1, 1:

quam invisa sit singularis potentia et miseranda vita,

Nep. Dion, 9, 5:

pugna,

Macr. S. 5, 2:

si quando quid secreto agere proposuisset, erat illi locus in edito singularis,

particular, separate, Suet. Aug. 72.—

In partic.

In gram., of or belonging to unity, singular:

singularis casus,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 33 Müll.;

10, § 54 ib.: numerus,

Quint. 1, 5, 42; 1, 6, 25; 8, 3, 20; Gell. 19, 8, 13:

nominativus,

Quint. 1, 6, 14:

genitivus,

id. 1, 6, 26 et saep. —Also absol., the singular number:

alii dicunt in singulari hac ovi et avi, alii hac ove et ave,

Varr. L. L. 8, § 66 Müll.; Quint. 8, 6, 28; 4, 5, 25 al.—

In milit lang., subst.: singŭlāris, is, m.

In gen., an orderly man (ordonance), assigned to officers of all kinds and ranks for executing their orders (called apparitor, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 52):

SINGVLARIS COS (consulis),

Inscr. Orell. 2003; cf. ib. 3529 sq.; 3591; 6771 al.—

Esp., under the emperors, equites singulares Augusti, or only equites singulares, a select horse body-guard (selected from barbarous nations, as Bessi, Thraces, Bæti, etc.), Tac. H. 4, 70; Hyg. m. c. §§ 23 and 30; Inscr. Grut. 1041, 12 al.; cf. on the Singulares, Henzen, Sugli Equiti Singolari, Roma, 1850; Becker, Antiq. tom. 3, pass. 2, p. 387 sq.—

In the time of the later emperors, singulares, a kind of imperial clerks, sent into the provinces, Cod. Just. 1, 27, 1, § 8; cf. Lyd. Meg. 3, 7.—

Trop., singular, unique, matchless, unparalleled, extraordinary, remarkable (syn.: unicus, eximius, praestans;

very freq. both in a good and in a bad sense): Aristoteles meo judicio in philosophiā prope singularis,

Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

Cato, summus et singularis vir,

id. Brut. 85, 293:

vir ingenii naturā praestans, singularis perfectusque undique,

Quint. 12, 1, 25; so,

homines ingenio atque animo,

Cic. Div. 2, 47, 97:

adulescens,

Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 2.—Of things:

Antonii incredibilis quaedam et prope singularis et divina vis ingenii videtur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 172:

singularis eximiaque virtus,

id. Imp. Pomp. 1, 3; so,

singularis et incredibilis virtus,

id. Att. 14, 15, 3; cf. id. Fam. 1, 9, 4:

integritas atque innocentia singularis,

id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 27:

Treviri, quorum inter Gallos virtutis opinio est singularis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 24:

Pompeius gratias tibi agit singulares,

Cic. Fam. 13, 41, 1; cf.:

mihi gratias egistis singularibus verbis,

id. Cat. 4, 3:

fides,

Nep. Att. 4:

singulare omnium saeculorum exemplum,

Just. 2, 4, 6.—In a bad sense:

nequitia ac turpitudo singularis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 106; so,

nequitia,

id. ib. 2, 2, 54, § 134; id. Fin. 5, 20, 56:

impudentia,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 18: audacia (with scelus incredibile), id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 4, 2, 105:

singularis et nefaria crudelitas,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77.— Hence, adv.: singŭlārĭter ( singlā-rĭter, Lucr. 6, 1067).

One by one, singly, separately.

In gen. (ante- and post-class.):

quae memorare queam inter se singlariter apta, Lucr. l. l. Munro (Lachm. singillariter): a juventā singulariter sedens,

apart, separately, Paul. Nol. Carm. 21, 727.—

In partic. (acc. to I. B. 1.), in the singular number:

quod pluralia singulariter et singularia pluraliter efferuntur,

Quint. 1, 5, 16; 1, 7, 18; 9, 3, 20:

dici,

Gell. 19, 8, 12; Dig. 27, 6, 1 al.—

(Acc. to II.) Particularly, exceedingly:

aliquem diligere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 117:

et miror et diligo,

Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 1:

amo,

id. ib. 4, 15, 1.