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121 transfero
trans-fĕro, tŭli, lātum (also written trālātum), ferre, v. a., to bear across; to carry or bring over; to convey over, transport, transfer (syn.: traduco, traicio).I.Lit.A.In gen.:B.cadum modo hinc a me huc cum vino transferam,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7:hoc (simulacrum Dianae) translatum Carthaginem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33, § 72:mustela catulos suos cottidie transfert mutatque sedem,
Plin. 29, 4, 16, § 59:Caesar paulo ultra eum locum castra transtulit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 66:castra trans Peneum,
Liv. 42, 60, 3:castra Baetim, Auct. B. Alex. 60, 5: signa ex statione,
Caes. B. C. 1, 60:signa,
id. ib. 1, 74:ad se ornamenta ex his (hortis),
Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 30:copias in Boeotiam,
Just. 2, 14, 3.—Of personal objects: illinc huc transferetur virgo,
Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 13:Naevius trans Alpes usque transfertur,
Cic. Quint. 3, 12; cf.:ex hoc hominum numero in impiorum partem atque in parricidarum coetum ac numerum transferetis?
id. Sull. 28, 77:o Venus... vocantis Ture te multo Glycerae decoram Transfer in aedem,
transport thyself, Hor. C. 1, 30, 4.—In partic.1.Botanical t. t., of plants, to transplant; to transfer by grafting (syn. transero):2.semina, quae transferuntur e terrā in terram,
Varr. R. R. 1, 39, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 40, 4; Col. Arb. 1, 5; 20, 2:videndum quā ex arbore in quam transferatur,
Varr. R. R. 1, 40, 5; 1, 41, 1:omnia translata meliora grandioraque fiunt,
Plin. 19, 12, 60, § 183.—To transfer by writing from one book into another; to copy, transcribe (syn. transcribo):3.litterae... de tabulis in libros transferuntur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 189; so,rationes in tabulas,
id. Rosc. Com. 3, 8:de tuo edicto in meum totidem verbis,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 4:versus translati,
Suet. Ner. 52.—To carry along, carry in public, bear in triumph (rare):II.triduum triumphavit. Die primo arma tela signaque aerea et marmorea transtulit,
Liv. 34, 52, 4:in eo triumpho XLIX. coronae aureae translatae sunt,
id. 37, 58, 4:tantundem auri atque argenti in eo triumpho translatum,
id. 39, 42, 4:transtulit in triumpho multa militaria signa spoliaque alia,
id. 45, 43, 4:cum in triumpho Caesaris eborea oppida essent translata,
Quint. 6, 3, 61.—Trop.A.In gen., to convey, direct, transport, transfer:B.in Celtiberiam bellum transferre,
Caes. B. C. 1, 61:cum videat omne ad se bellum translatum,
id. B. G. 7, 8; Liv. 3, 68, 13:concilium Lutetiam,
Caes. B. G. 6, 3:disciplina in Britannia reperta atque inde in Galliam translata esse existimatur,
id. ib. 6, 13:sed, si placet, sermonem alio transferamus,
turn, direct, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 133:translatos alio maerebis amores,
Hor. Epod. 15, 23:amorem huc,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 94:amorem In mares,
Ov. M. 10, 84:similitudinem ab oculis ad animum,
Cic. Off. 1, 4, 14:animum ad accusandum,
id. Mur. 22, 46:quod ab Ennio positum in unā re transferri in multas potest,
id. Off. 1, 16, 51:definitionem in aliam rem,
id. Ac. 2, 14, 43:hoc idem transfero in magistratus,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 126:nihil est enim, quod de suo genere in aliud genus transferri possit,
id. Ac. 2, 16, 50:culpam in alios,
id. Font. 4, 8; id. Att. 15, 28:transferendi in nos criminis causa,
id. Sest. 38, 82:suscepere duo manipulares imperium populi Romani transferendum et transtulerunt,
Tac. H. 1, 25: invidiam criminis, i. e. to avert from one ' s self, id. A. 2, 66:ut quisque obvius, quamvis leviter audita in alios transferunt,
id. ib. 2, 82:in jus Latii nationes Alpium,
id. ib. 15, 32:ad se Lacedaemonii arma,
Just. 5, 1, 8; 38, 1, 8.—With se, to turn one ' s attention, devote one ' s self:se ad artes componendas,
Cic. Brut. 12, 48:se ad album et rubricas,
Quint. 12, 3, 11:se ad genus dicendi,
Tac. Or. 19.—In eccl. Lat., to remove from the world without death:translatus in paradisum,
Vulg. Ecclus. 44, 16; id. Heb. 11, 5.—In partic.1.To put off, postpone, defer, in respect of time (syn.: differo, prolato): causa haec integra in proximum annum transferetur, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 2:2.subito reliquit annum suum seseque in proximum annum transtulit,
i. e. postponed his suit, Cic. Mil. 9, 24.—Of speaking or writing.a.To [p. 1890] translate into another language (cf.:b.verto, reddo, interpretor, exprimo): istum ego locum totidem verbis a Dicaearcho transtuli,
Cic. Att. 6, 2, 3; cf.:si ad eorum cognitionem divina illa ingenia transferrem... locos quidem quosdam transferam, et maxime ab iis quos modo nominavi,
id. Fin. 1, 3, 7:analogia, quam proxime ex Graeco transferentes in Latinum proportionem vocaverunt,
Quint. 1, 6, 3:qui haec ex Graeco transtulerunt,
id. 2, 15, 21:volumina in linguam Latinam,
Plin. 18, 3, 5, § 22:quod Cicero his verbis transfert, etc.,
Quint. 5, 11, 27: kat antilêpsin Latine ad verbum translatum non invenio, id. 7, 4, 4; 7, 4, 7:simul quae legentem fefellissent, transferentem fugere non possunt,
Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 2.—To transfer to a secondary or figurative signification, to use figuratively or tropically:c.utemur verbis aut iis, quae propria sunt... aut iis, quae transferuntur et quasi alieno in loco collocantur,
Cic. de Or. 3, 37, 149; cf. Quint. 8, 6, 5 sq.; 9, 1, 4:cum verbum aliquod altius transfertur,
Cic. Or. 25, 82:translata verba atque immutata. Translata dico, ut saepe jam, quae per similitudinem ab aliā re aut suavitatis aut inopiae causā transferuntur,
id. ib. 27, 92:intexunt fabulas, verba apertius transferunt,
id. ib. 19, 65.—Rhet. t. t.:3.translatum exordium est, quod aliud conficit, quam causae genus postulat,
Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 26; cf. Quint. 4, 2, 71.—To apply, make use of (for a new purpose, etc.):4.hoc animi vitium ad utilitatem non transferemus,
Quint. 6, 2, 30; cf.:inde stellionum nomine in male translato,
Plin. 30, 10, 27, § 89 Jan. (al. in maledictum; cf. 2. b. supra).— -
122 want ad
амер. частное объявлениеСинонимический ряд:announcement (noun) ad; advertisement; announcement; broadside; classified ad; endorsement; handbill; notice; publicity -
123 hard
hard [hɑ:d]dur ⇒ 1 (a)-(c), 2 (a) difficile ⇒ 1 (b) froid ⇒ 1 (c) rude ⇒ 1 (c) concret ⇒ 1 (d) fort ⇒ 2 (a) difficilement ⇒ 2 (b) durement ⇒ 2 (c)(a) (not soft → substance, light, colour) dur;∎ to get or to become hard durcir;∎ rock hard, (as) hard as rock dur comme la pierre;∎ his muscles are rock hard or (as) hard as rock ses muscles sont durs comme le fer, il a des muscles d'acier;∎ she is (as) hard as nails (emotionally) elle est dure, elle n'a pas de cœur; (physically) c'est une dure à cuire(b) (difficult → question, problem etc) difficile, dur;∎ the laws make it hard to leave the country à cause des lois, il est difficile de quitter le pays;∎ to have a hard fight or struggle on one's hands avoir une lourde tâche devant soi;∎ it's hard to explain c'est difficile ou dur à expliquer;∎ I find it hard to understand/believe that... je n'arrive pas à comprendre pourquoi/croire que...;∎ it's hard to say c'est difficile à dire;∎ he's hard to get on with il n'est pas facile à vivre;∎ she is hard to please (never satisfied) elle est difficile; (difficult to buy gifts for etc) c'est difficile de lui faire plaisir;∎ it's hard to beat on trouve difficilement mieux;∎ it's hard to beat a good Bordeaux il n'y a rien de meilleur qu'un bon bordeaux;∎ the hardest part of the job is done le plus dur est fait;∎ life is hard c'est dur, la vie;∎ times are hard les temps sont durs ou difficiles;∎ these are hard times for all of us c'est une période difficile pour tout le monde;∎ to fall on hard times (financially) connaître des temps difficiles ou une période de vaches maigres; (have difficult times) connaître des temps difficiles, en voir de dures;∎ to give sb a hard time en faire voir de dures à qn;∎ the boss has just been giving me a hard time le patron vient de me faire passer un mauvais quart d'heure;∎ come on, don't give me a hard time! allez, laisse-moi tranquille!;∎ you'll have a hard time (of it) persuading him to do that tu vas avoir du mal à le convaincre de faire cela;∎ she had a hard time of it after her mother's death elle a traversé une période difficile après la mort de sa mère;∎ she had a hard time of it when she was a child la vie n'était pas drôle pour elle quand elle était enfant;∎ she had a hard time of it (in childbirth, operation) elle a souffert;∎ to learn sth the hard way (involving personal loss, suffering etc) apprendre qch à ses dépens; (in a difficult way) faire le rude apprentissage de qch;∎ I learnt the hard way not to be underinsured j'ai appris à mes dépens qu'il ne faut pas être sous-assuré;∎ I learnt skiing the hard way j'ai appris à skier à la dure;∎ I learnt my seamanship the hard way j'ai fait le rude apprentissage du métier de marin;∎ some people always have to do things the hard way il y a des gens qui choisissent toujours la difficulté;∎ to play hard to get (flirt) jouer les insaisissables;∎ humorous their financial expert is playing hard to get leur expert financier semble jouer à cache-cache;∎ the hard of hearing les malentendants mpl;∎ to be hard of hearing être dur d'oreille;∎ a glass of wine, or would you prefer a drop of the hard stuff? un verre de vin, ou bien préféreriez-vous une goutte de quelque chose de plus fort?;∎ keep off the hard stuff évitez les boissons fortes(c) (severe → voice, face, eyes) dur, froid; (→ climate, winter) rigoureux, rude; (→ frost) fort, rude;∎ to be hard on sb être dur avec qn;∎ children are hard on their shoes les enfants font subir de mauvais traitements à leurs chaussures;∎ it's hard on the nerves c'est dur pour les nerfs;∎ it was hard on the others ça a été dur pour les autres;∎ it's hardest on the children le plus dur, c'est pour les enfants;∎ to be a hard taskmaster être dur à la tâche;∎ to take a long hard look at sth examiner qch de près;∎ you should take a long hard look at yourself tu devrais bien te regarder;∎ it's a hard blow for him c'est un coup terrible pour lui;∎ no hard feelings? tu ne m'en veux pas?;∎ familiar hard luck!, British hard cheese!, hard lines! pas de chance!□, pas de veine!, pas de bol!;∎ it will be hard luck if he doesn't get the job ça ne sera pas de veine ou de bol s'il n'obtient pas le travail;∎ don't give me any of your hard luck stories ne me raconte pas tes malheurs;∎ he gave me some hard luck story about having lost his investments il a essayé de m'apitoyer en me racontant qu'il avait perdu l'argent qu'il avait investi;∎ familiar a hard nut or man un dur∎ the hard fact is that there isn't enough money la vérité, c'est qu'il n'y a pas assez d'argent;∎ the argument was not backed up by any hard fact l'argument ne s'appuyait sur rien de concret∎ it's been a long hard day la journée a été longue;∎ it's hard work c'est dur;∎ it was hard work to convince him j'ai eu fort à faire pour le convaincre;∎ she's hard work (difficult to get on with) elle n'est pas facile à vivre; (difficult to make conversation with) elle n'est pas causante;∎ she's not afraid of hard work le travail ne lui fait pas peur;∎ the climb was hard going la montée était rude;∎ it's hard going making conversation with him c'est difficile de discuter avec lui∎ she's a hard worker c'est un bourreau de travail;∎ he's a hard drinker c'est un gros buveur, il boit beaucoup;∎ he's a hard charger c'est un fonceur;∎ give it a good hard shove pousse-le un bon coup, pousse-le fort2 adverb(a) (strenuously → pull, push, hit, breathe) fort; (→ work) dur; (→ run) à toutes jambes; (→ listen) attentivement;∎ to work hard at sth beaucoup travailler qch;∎ to work hard at improving one's service/French beaucoup travailler pour améliorer son service/français;∎ to work sb hard faire travailler qn dur;∎ he works hard and plays hard il se dépense beaucoup dans son travail et dans ses loisirs;∎ you'll have to try harder il faudra que tu fasses plus d'efforts;∎ to try hard to do sth essayer de son mieux de faire qch;∎ try hard! fais de ton mieux!;∎ to think hard beaucoup réfléchir;∎ think hard! réfléchis bien!;∎ think harder! réfléchis un peu plus!;∎ we can't find it - well, look harder! nous ne le trouvons pas - et bien cherchez mieux!;∎ you didn't look very hard! tu n'as pas bien cherché;∎ to look hard at sb regarder qn bien en face;∎ to look hard at sth examiner qch;∎ as hard as possible, as hard as one can (work, try) le plus qu'on peut; (push, hit, squeeze) de toutes ses forces;∎ Nautical hard astern! arrière, toute!;∎ Cars she hauled the wheel hard over elle a braqué à fond;∎ Cars to turn hard to the left braquer à gauche, faire un virage très sec vers la gauche;∎ to swim hard for the shore nager de toutes ses forces vers le rivage;(b) (with difficulty) difficilement;∎ to be hard put or pushed or pressed to do sth avoir du mal à faire qch;∎ you'll be hard put to find a shop open at this time tu vas avoir du mal à trouver une boutique ouverte à cette heure-ci;∎ old habits die hard les vieilles habitudes ont la vie dure(c) (harshly, severely → treat someone) durement, sévèrement; (→ rain) à verse; (→ freeze, snow) fort;∎ he's feeling hard done by il a l'impression d'avoir été injustement traité;∎ to be hard hit by sth être durement touché par qch;∎ she took the news/his death pretty hard la nouvelle/sa mort l'a beaucoup éprouvée;∎ old-fashioned it'll go hard with him if he keeps telling lies ça va aller mal pour lui s'il continue à raconter des mensonges∎ the ground was frozen hard le gel avait complètement durci la terre;∎ to set hard (concrete, mortar) prendre∎ to follow hard on the heels of sb être sur les talons de qn;∎ to follow or to come hard on the heels of sth suivre qch de très près∎ hard up (short of money) fauché, à sec;∎ to be hard up for ideas manquer d'idées□, être à court d'idées□ ;∎ to be hard up for volunteers manquer de volontaires□ ;∎ figurative you must be hard up if you're going out with him! il faut vraiment que tu n'aies rien à te mettre sous la dent pour sortir avec lui!3 noun∎ to try one's hardest faire de son mieuxold-fashioned tout près de►► Typography & Computing hard carriage return retour m chariot obligatoire;hard cash (argent m) liquide m;American hard cider cidre m;hard coal anthracite m;Finance hard commodities minerais mpl;Linguistics hard consonant consonne f dure;Computing hard copy copie f sur papier, sortie f papier;hard core (nucleus) noyau m dur; Building industry empierrement m; Music hard rock m inv, hard m inv; (pornography) porno m hard;British Sport hard court (for tennis) court m en ciment;hard currency monnaie f ou devise f forte;∎ a hard currency shop un magasin où on paye en devises;Computing hard disk disque m dur;Computing hard disk drive, hard drive unité f de disque dur;hard drug drogue f dure;Horseriding hard gallop galop m soutenu;hard hat (of construction worker) casque m; American familiar (construction worker) ouvrier(ère) m,f du bâtiment;hard hat area = zone où le port du casque est obligatoire;∎ hard hat area (sign) port du casque obligatoire;Typography & Computing hard hyphen césure f imposée, trait m d'union imposé;hard labour (UNCOUNT) travaux mpl forcés;hard landing (by spacecraft) atterrissage m avec impact; figurative (during economic crisis) atterrissage m brutal;Metallurgy hard lead plomb m aigre;Politics the hard left l'extrême gauche;hard line ligne f de conduite dure;∎ to take a hard line on sb/sth adopter une ligne de conduite dure avec qn/sur qch;hard liquor spiritueux mpl;Finance hard loan prêt m aux conditions du marché;Press hard news nouvelles fpl sûres ou vérifiées;Veterinary medicine hard pad coussinet m dur;Typography & Computing hard page break fin f de page obligatoire;Anatomy hard palate voûte f du palais, palais m dur;hard porn porno m hard, hard m inv;Computing hard reset réinitialisation f totale de la machine;Typography & Computing hard return saut m de ligne manuel;Politics the hard right l'extrême droit;Music hard rock hard rock m inv, hard m inv; esp American Cookery hard sauce = sauce au beurre, au sucre et au brandy ou au rhum servie avec le pudding;hard science science f dure;hard sell vente f agressive;∎ to give sth the hard sell promouvoir qch de façon agressive;∎ the salesman gave us the hard sell le vendeur a essayé de nous forcer la main;hard sell approach, hard sell tactics méthode f de vente agressive;Cars hard shoulder bande f d'arrêt d'urgence;hard space espace m insécable;hard water eau f calcaire ou dure -
124 Young, Arthur
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 11 September 1741 London, Englandd. 20 April 1820 Bradford, England[br]English writer and commentator on agricultural affairs; founder and Secretary of the Board of Agriculture (later the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food).[br]He was the youngest of the three children of Dr Arthur Young, who was at one time Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons. He learned Latin and Greek at Lavenham School, and at the age of 17 was apprenticed to a mercantile house, an occupation he disliked. He first published The Theatre of the Present War in North America in 1758. He then wrote four novels and began to produce the literary magazine The Universal Museum. After his father's death he returned home to manage his father's farm, and in 1765 he married Martha Allen.Young learned farming by experiment, and three years after his return he took over the rent of a 300 acre farm, Samford Hall in Essex. He was not a practical farmer, and was soon forced to give it up in favour of one of 100 acres (40.5 hectares) in Hertfordshire. He subsidized his farming with his writing, and in 1768 published The Farmer's Letters to the People of England. The first of his books on agricultural tours, Six Weeks Tours through the Counties of England and Wales, was published in 1771. Between 1784 and 1809 he published the Annals of Agriculture, one of whose contributors was George III, who wrote under the pseudonym of Ralph Robinson.By this time he was corresponding with all of influence in agricultural matters, both at home and abroad. George Washington wrote frequently to Young, and George III was reputed to travel always with a copy of his book. The Empress of Russia sent students to him and had his Tours published in Russian. Young made three trips to France in 1787, 1788 and 1789–90 respectively, prior to and during the French Revolution, and his Travels in France (1792) is a remarkable account of that period, made all the more fascinating by his personal contact with people differing as widely as Mirabeau, the French revolutionary leader, and King Louis XVI.Unfortunately, in 1811 an unsuccessful cataract operation left him blind, and he moved from London to his native Bradford, where he remained until his death.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChairman, Agricultural Committee of the Society of Arts 1773: awarded three Gold Medals during his career for his achievements in practical agriculture. FRS. Honorary Member of the Dublin, York and Manchester learned societies, as well as the Economic Society of Berne, the Palatine Academy of Agriculture at Mannheim, and the Physical Society of Zurich. Honourary member, French Royal Society of Agriculture. Secretary, Board of Agriculture 1793.BibliographyHis first novels were The Fair Americans, Sir Charles Beaufort, Lucy Watson and Julia Benson.His earliest writings on agriculture appeared as collected letters in a periodical with the title Museum Rusticum in 1767.In 1770 he published a two-volume work entitled A Course of Experimental Agriculture, and between 1766 and 1775 he published The Farmer's Letters, Political Arithmetic, Political Essays Concerning the Present State of the British Empire and Southern, Northern and Eastern Tours, and in 1779 he published The Tour of Ireland.In addition he was author of the Board of Agriculture reports on the counties of Suffolk, Lincoln, Norfolk, Hertford, Essex and Oxford.Further ReadingJ.Thirsk (ed.), 1989, The Agrarian History of England and Wales, Vol. VI (deals with the years 1750 to 1850, the period associated with Young).T.G.Gazeley, 1973, "The life of Arthur Young, 1741–1820", Memoirs, American Philosophical Society 97.AP -
125 صحيح
صَحِيح \ accurate: correct; making no mistakes; exact: an accurate statement; accurate accounts (of money). correct: right; true: the correct answer. intact: not touched; not damaged or broken; complete: The box was broken but the contents were intact. orthodox: generally accepted as being right and usual: orthodox opinions; orthodox medical practice. precise: exact: His precise age is 4 years, 10 months and 3 days. proper: correct, suitable: Eat your food at the proper time, not during lessons. pure: (of a musical note or voice) clear and corret in its sound; (of speech) correct in every way, without local differences: The purest German is spoken around Hanover. right: correct; not mistaken; suitable: the right answer; the right time; the right kind of cloth; the right way to play. rightful: having a right: Are you the rightful owner of this bicycle?. so: showing agreement or surprise: It’s snowing "Oh, so it is!". straight: in the correct position; in proper order: His business affairs were in confusion, but I put them straight. true: correct with regard to facts; actual; proper; right: a true statement; a true copy. valid: (of claims and reasons) good; acceptable. why: expressing surprise: Why! I never knew that!. \ See Also سَلِيم، مضبوط (مَضْبُوط)، دَقيق، قويم (قَوِيم)، مناسب (مُناسِب) \ صَحِيح الجِسم \ healthy: having good health in general (see well for good health at a particular time): Healthy children are not often ill. \ صَحِيفة \ newspaper: a printed paper that gives general news (daily or weekly). paper: a newspaper. sheet: a broad thin piece of any material (glass, metal, paper, etc.) that will lie flat: a sheet of notepaper. \ صَحِيفة سَوَابق \ record: personal history: The thief had a very bad record (of crime).
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