pel

ac-cŭbo ( adc.), āre, 1, v. n., t. t. (the forms accubui and accubitum belong to accumbo), to lie near or by a thing.

In gen., constr. with dat. or absol.:

quoi bini castodes semper accubant,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 57:

Furiarum maxima juxta accubat,

Verg. A. 6, 606:

accubantes effodiunt,

Plin. 35, 6, 19, § 37.—Rarely with acc.:

lectum,

App. M. 5, p. 160.—Of things:

nigrum nemus,

Verg. G. 3, 334:

cadus (vini),

Hor. C. 4, 12, 18.—Also of places (for adjacere):

theatrum Tarpeio monti accubans,

Suet. Caes. 44.—Esp.

To recline at table (in the Rom. manner):

accubantes in conviviis,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10; so,

in convivio,

Nep. Pel. 3, 2; Cic. Tusc. 3, 23:

morem apud majores hunc epularum fuisse, ut deinceps, qui accubarent, canerent ad tibiam, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 2, 3; cf.:

regulus accubans epulari coepit,

Liv. 41, 2, 12;

so,

absol., Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 53; Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 2; Suet. Caes. 49 al.:

cum aliquo,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 72:

infra,

Liv. 39, 43, 3:

contra,

Suet. Aug. 98.—

To lie with, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 39; 3, 3, 50; Suet. Vesp. 21.

ac-cŭbo ( adc.), āre, 1, v. n., t. t. (the forms accubui and accubitum belong to accumbo), to lie near or by a thing.

In gen., constr. with dat. or absol.:

quoi bini castodes semper accubant,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 57:

Furiarum maxima juxta accubat,

Verg. A. 6, 606:

accubantes effodiunt,

Plin. 35, 6, 19, § 37.—Rarely with acc.:

lectum,

App. M. 5, p. 160.—Of things:

nigrum nemus,

Verg. G. 3, 334:

cadus (vini),

Hor. C. 4, 12, 18.—Also of places (for adjacere):

theatrum Tarpeio monti accubans,

Suet. Caes. 44.—Esp.

To recline at table (in the Rom. manner):

accubantes in conviviis,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10; so,

in convivio,

Nep. Pel. 3, 2; Cic. Tusc. 3, 23:

morem apud majores hunc epularum fuisse, ut deinceps, qui accubarent, canerent ad tibiam, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 2, 3; cf.:

regulus accubans epulari coepit,

Liv. 41, 2, 12;

so,

absol., Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 53; Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 2; Suet. Caes. 49 al.:

cum aliquo,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 72:

infra,

Liv. 39, 43, 3:

contra,

Suet. Aug. 98.—

To lie with, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 39; 3, 3, 50; Suet. Vesp. 21.

ā̆grestis, e, adj. [id.].

Lit., pertaining to land, fields, or the country, country, rural, rustic, wild, agrios:

Musa,

Lucr. 5, 1397:

te in Arpinati videbimus et hospitio agresti accipiemus,

Cic. Att. 2, 16 fin.:

vestitus,

Nep. Pel. 2, 5:

falx,

Tib. 2, 5, 28 al.:

poma,

Verg. A. 7, 111:

cum lactucis agrestibus,

Vulg. Exod. 12, 8:

ligna non sunt pomifera, sed agrestia,

ib. Deut. 20, 20:

herbas agrestes,

ib. 4 Reg. 4, 39.— Subst.: ā̆grestis, is ( gen. plur. agrestūm, Ov. M. 14, 635), a countryman, rustic, farmer, peasant, Lucr. 5, 1382:

non est haec oratio habenda aut cum imperitā multitudine aut in aliquo conventu agrestium,

Cic. Mur. 29:

collectos armat agrestes,

Verg. A. 9, 11:

Fictilia antiquus primum sibi fecit agrestis Pocula,

Tib. 1, 1, 39:

facinus admissum a quodam agresti,

Tac. A. 4, 45:

inopes agrestes,

id. H. 2, 13; 4, 50.—

Transf., and in mal. part.

Rustic, in opp. to the refined citizen ( urbanus, as agrios is opp. to asteios), boorish, clownish, rude, uncultivated, coarse, wild, savage, barbarous, of persons and things:

sunt quidam vultu motuque corporis vasti atque agrestes,

Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 115:

O rem dignam, in quā non modo docti, verum etiam agrestes erubescant,

id. Leg. 1, 14, 41:

aborigines, genus hominum agreste,

Sall. C. 6, 1:

Ego ille agrestis, saevos, tristis, parcus, truculentus, tenax Duxi uxorem,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 12:

quis nostrūm tam animo agresti ac duro fuit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Arch. 8:

dominus agrestis et furiosus,

id. Sen. 14:

exculto animo nihil agreste, nihil inhumanum est,

id. Att. 13, 45; so Ov. M. 11, 767:

rustica vox et agrestis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 11; 2, 3. —Hence, agrestiores Musae, ruder, of the language of the bar, in opp. to more refined and polished eloquence, Cic. Or. 3, 11.—

Wild, brutish:

vultus,

Ov. M. 9, 96:

agrestem detraxit ab ore figuram Juppiter (of Io),

Prop. 3, 31, 13.— Comp., v. above.—

* Sup. agrestissimus, Cassiod. Ep. 7, 4.—

* Adv. comp. neutr. agrestius, Spart. Hadr. 3.

cănis ( cănes, Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 18; id. Trin. 1, 2, 133; 1, 2, 135; Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll., or Ann. v. 518 Vahl.; Lucil. ap. Varr. ib.; cf. Charis. 1, 17, p. 118 P.; abl. always cane; gen. plur. canum; v. Neue, Formenl. pp. 223, 258 sq.), comm. [Sanscr. cvan; Gr. kuôn, kunos; Germ. Hund; Engl. hound].

Lit., a dog.

In gen., v. Varr. R. R. 1, 21; 2, 9, 1 sqq.; Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 142 sqq.; Col. 7, 12, 1: tantidem quasi feta canes sine dentibus latrat, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll. (Ann. v. 518 Vahl.):

introiit in aedĭs ater alienus canis,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 25: inritata canes, Lucil. ap. Charis. 1, p. 100 P.:

canem inritatam imitarier,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 25:

in Hyrcaniă plebs publicos alit canes, optumates domesticos: nobile autem genus canum illud scimus esse, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108:

si lupi canibus similes sunt,

id. Ac. 2, 16, 50:

canes ut montivagae persaepe ferai Naribus inveniunt quietes,

Lucr. 1, 405:

canis acer,

Hor. Epod. 12, 6:

acres,

Varr. R. R. 1, 21:

acriores et vigilantiores,

Cato, R. R. 124:

assiduus,

Col. R. R. 7, 12, 5:

catenarius,

Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 2:

catenă vinctus,

Petr. 29:

Molossi,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 115; cf. Lucr. 5, 1063:

obscenae,

Verg. G. 1, 470; Ov. F. 4, 936:

pastoralis,

Col. 7, 12, 3:

pecuarius,

id. 7, 12, 8:

pulicosa,

id. 7, 13, 2:

rabidi,

Lucr. 5, 892; Sen. Oedip. 932:

rabiosus,

Plin. 29, 4, 32, § 98:

saeva canum rabies,

Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 17; Plin. 8, 40, 63, § 152:

est verunculus in linguă canum, quo exempto nec rabidi fuint, etc.,

id. 29, 4, 32, § 100: rabiosa. Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 75:

venatici,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 13, § 31; Nep. Pel. 2, 5:

alere canes ad venandum,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 30; Curt. 9, 1, 31:

vigiles,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 2:

canum fida custodia,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 150:

fida canum vis,

Lucr. 6, 1222:

levisomna canum fido cum pectore corda,

id. 5, 864:

caput mediae canis praecisae,

Liv. 40, 6, 1; cf. Curt. 10, 9, 12:

saepe citos egi per juga longa canes,

Ov. H. 5, 20:

canibus circumdare saltus,

Verg. E. 10, 57:

hos non inmissis canibus agitant,

id. G. 3, 371:

leporem canibus venari,

id. ib. 3, 410.—

Esp.

As a term of reproach, to denote,

A shameless, vile person, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 40; Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 33 Donat. ad loc.; Hor. Epod. 6, 1; cf. id. S. 2, 2, 56; Petr. 74, 9; Suet. Vesp. 13. —

A fierce or enraged person, Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 14, 5, 1, 18; Hyg. Fab. 3; cf. Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 57; Sen. Cons. Marc. 22, 5.—

As the regular designation of the hangers-on or parasites of an eminent or rich Roman; a follower, dog, creature:

multa sibi opus esse, multa canibus suis quos circa se habuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48, § 126:

cohors ista quorum hominum est? Volusii haruspices et Canelii medici et horum canum quos tribunal meum vides lambere,

id. ib. 2, 3, 11, §

28: apponit de suis canibus quendam,

id. ib. 2, 4, 19, § 40; 2, 5, 56, § 146; id. Att. 6, 3, 6; id. Pis. 10, 23.—

In mythical lang.

Tergeminus, i. e. Cerberus. Ov. A. A. 3, 322; id. Tr. 4, 7, 16;

called also viperius,

id. Am. 3, 12, 26:

Tartareus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 649:

triformis,

id. Herc. Oet. 1202: Echidnaea. Ov. M. 7, 409; cf.:

infernae canes,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 35; Verg. A. 6, 257; Luc. 6, 733. —

Semidei canes, Anubis, Luc. 8, 832.—

Prov.

Stultitia est venatum ducere invitas canes, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 82.—

Cane pejus et angui Vitare aliquid, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 30.—

Ut canis a corio numquam absterrebitur uncto, will never be frightened from the greasy hide, Hor. S. 2, 5, 83.—

Canis caninam non ēst (cf. Engl. dog won ' t eat dog), Auct. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll.—

A cane non magno saepe tenetur aper, Ov. R. Am. 422.—

CAVE CANEM, beware of the dog, a frequent inscription of warning to trespassers on doors, etc., Petr. 29; Varr. ap. Non. p. 153, 1; Inscr. Orell. 4320. —Hence:

Cave Canem,

the title of a satire by Varro, Non. p. 75, 22.—

Transf. [p. 279]

Esp.:

Canis Major, or simply Canis,

a constellation of twenty stars, Hyg. Astr. 3, 34; of which the brighest is Sirius or Canicula, Cic. N. D. 2, 44, 114; id. Arat. 108 (349); 123 (367); 138 (382); 276 (522); Vitr. 9, 5, 2; Verg. G. 1, 218; 2, 353; Hor. S. 1, 7, 25; id. Ep. 1, 10, 16; Tib. 3, 5, 2; Ov. F. 4, 904; Plin. 18, 26, 64, § 234 sqq.—

Canis Minor, or Minusculus, the Little Dog, = Prokuôn, commonly called Antecanis (hence the plur. canes), Vitr. 9, 52; Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 268; Ov. F. 4, 904.—Acc. to the fable, the dog of Erigone, daughter of Icarius;

hence, Erigoneïus,

Ov. F. 5, 723, and Icarius, id. ib. 4, 939.—

The sea-dog, called canis marinus, Plin. 9, 35, 55, § 110; and mythically, of the dogs of Scylla, Lucr. 5, 890; Verg. A. 3, 432; Tib. 3, 4, 89; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 146; Luc. 1, 549 Cort.; Sen. Med. 351.—

The worst throw with dice, the dog-throw (cf. canicula and alea):

damnosi,

Prop. 4 (5), 8, 46; Ov. Tr. 2, 474:

canem mittere,

Suet. Aug. 71; cf. Isid. Orig. 18, 65.—Prov.:

tam facile quam canis excidit,

Sen. Apocol. 10, 2.—

A Cynic philosopher:

Diogenes cum choro canum suorum,

Lact. Epit. 39, 4.—

A kind of fetter, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 37 dub. (al. camum; v. camus); cf. 1. catulus.

Cănis, is, m., a small river tributary to the Po, Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 117.

cănis ( cănes, Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 18; id. Trin. 1, 2, 133; 1, 2, 135; Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll., or Ann. v. 518 Vahl.; Lucil. ap. Varr. ib.; cf. Charis. 1, 17, p. 118 P.; abl. always cane; gen. plur. canum; v. Neue, Formenl. pp. 223, 258 sq.), comm. [Sanscr. cvan; Gr. kuôn, kunos; Germ. Hund; Engl. hound].

Lit., a dog.

In gen., v. Varr. R. R. 1, 21; 2, 9, 1 sqq.; Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 142 sqq.; Col. 7, 12, 1: tantidem quasi feta canes sine dentibus latrat, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll. (Ann. v. 518 Vahl.):

introiit in aedĭs ater alienus canis,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 25: inritata canes, Lucil. ap. Charis. 1, p. 100 P.:

canem inritatam imitarier,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 25:

in Hyrcaniă plebs publicos alit canes, optumates domesticos: nobile autem genus canum illud scimus esse, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108:

si lupi canibus similes sunt,

id. Ac. 2, 16, 50:

canes ut montivagae persaepe ferai Naribus inveniunt quietes,

Lucr. 1, 405:

canis acer,

Hor. Epod. 12, 6:

acres,

Varr. R. R. 1, 21:

acriores et vigilantiores,

Cato, R. R. 124:

assiduus,

Col. R. R. 7, 12, 5:

catenarius,

Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 2:

catenă vinctus,

Petr. 29:

Molossi,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 115; cf. Lucr. 5, 1063:

obscenae,

Verg. G. 1, 470; Ov. F. 4, 936:

pastoralis,

Col. 7, 12, 3:

pecuarius,

id. 7, 12, 8:

pulicosa,

id. 7, 13, 2:

rabidi,

Lucr. 5, 892; Sen. Oedip. 932:

rabiosus,

Plin. 29, 4, 32, § 98:

saeva canum rabies,

Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 17; Plin. 8, 40, 63, § 152:

est verunculus in linguă canum, quo exempto nec rabidi fuint, etc.,

id. 29, 4, 32, § 100: rabiosa. Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 75:

venatici,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 13, § 31; Nep. Pel. 2, 5:

alere canes ad venandum,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 30; Curt. 9, 1, 31:

vigiles,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 2:

canum fida custodia,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 150:

fida canum vis,

Lucr. 6, 1222:

levisomna canum fido cum pectore corda,

id. 5, 864:

caput mediae canis praecisae,

Liv. 40, 6, 1; cf. Curt. 10, 9, 12:

saepe citos egi per juga longa canes,

Ov. H. 5, 20:

canibus circumdare saltus,

Verg. E. 10, 57:

hos non inmissis canibus agitant,

id. G. 3, 371:

leporem canibus venari,

id. ib. 3, 410.—

Esp.

As a term of reproach, to denote,

A shameless, vile person, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 40; Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 33 Donat. ad loc.; Hor. Epod. 6, 1; cf. id. S. 2, 2, 56; Petr. 74, 9; Suet. Vesp. 13. —

A fierce or enraged person, Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 14, 5, 1, 18; Hyg. Fab. 3; cf. Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 57; Sen. Cons. Marc. 22, 5.—

As the regular designation of the hangers-on or parasites of an eminent or rich Roman; a follower, dog, creature:

multa sibi opus esse, multa canibus suis quos circa se habuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48, § 126:

cohors ista quorum hominum est? Volusii haruspices et Canelii medici et horum canum quos tribunal meum vides lambere,

id. ib. 2, 3, 11, §

28: apponit de suis canibus quendam,

id. ib. 2, 4, 19, § 40; 2, 5, 56, § 146; id. Att. 6, 3, 6; id. Pis. 10, 23.—

In mythical lang.

Tergeminus, i. e. Cerberus. Ov. A. A. 3, 322; id. Tr. 4, 7, 16;

called also viperius,

id. Am. 3, 12, 26:

Tartareus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 649:

triformis,

id. Herc. Oet. 1202: Echidnaea. Ov. M. 7, 409; cf.:

infernae canes,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 35; Verg. A. 6, 257; Luc. 6, 733. —

Semidei canes, Anubis, Luc. 8, 832.—

Prov.

Stultitia est venatum ducere invitas canes, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 82.—

Cane pejus et angui Vitare aliquid, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 30.—

Ut canis a corio numquam absterrebitur uncto, will never be frightened from the greasy hide, Hor. S. 2, 5, 83.—

Canis caninam non ēst (cf. Engl. dog won ' t eat dog), Auct. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll.—

A cane non magno saepe tenetur aper, Ov. R. Am. 422.—

CAVE CANEM, beware of the dog, a frequent inscription of warning to trespassers on doors, etc., Petr. 29; Varr. ap. Non. p. 153, 1; Inscr. Orell. 4320. —Hence:

Cave Canem,

the title of a satire by Varro, Non. p. 75, 22.—

Transf. [p. 279]

Esp.:

Canis Major, or simply Canis,

a constellation of twenty stars, Hyg. Astr. 3, 34; of which the brighest is Sirius or Canicula, Cic. N. D. 2, 44, 114; id. Arat. 108 (349); 123 (367); 138 (382); 276 (522); Vitr. 9, 5, 2; Verg. G. 1, 218; 2, 353; Hor. S. 1, 7, 25; id. Ep. 1, 10, 16; Tib. 3, 5, 2; Ov. F. 4, 904; Plin. 18, 26, 64, § 234 sqq.—

Canis Minor, or Minusculus, the Little Dog, = Prokuôn, commonly called Antecanis (hence the plur. canes), Vitr. 9, 52; Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 268; Ov. F. 4, 904.—Acc. to the fable, the dog of Erigone, daughter of Icarius;

hence, Erigoneïus,

Ov. F. 5, 723, and Icarius, id. ib. 4, 939.—

The sea-dog, called canis marinus, Plin. 9, 35, 55, § 110; and mythically, of the dogs of Scylla, Lucr. 5, 890; Verg. A. 3, 432; Tib. 3, 4, 89; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 146; Luc. 1, 549 Cort.; Sen. Med. 351.—

The worst throw with dice, the dog-throw (cf. canicula and alea):

damnosi,

Prop. 4 (5), 8, 46; Ov. Tr. 2, 474:

canem mittere,

Suet. Aug. 71; cf. Isid. Orig. 18, 65.—Prov.:

tam facile quam canis excidit,

Sen. Apocol. 10, 2.—

A Cynic philosopher:

Diogenes cum choro canum suorum,

Lact. Epit. 39, 4.—

A kind of fetter, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 37 dub. (al. camum; v. camus); cf. 1. catulus.

Cănis, is, m., a small river tributary to the Po, Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 117.

Cōmum, i, n., = Kômon, a considerable town in Gallia Transpadana, the birthplace of the younger Pliny, now Como, Liv. 33, 36, 14; Plin. Ep. 1, 3, 1; Just. 20, 5, 8; Plin. 3, 17, 21, § 124; rebuilt by Caesar; hence also called Novum Comum (Neokômon), Suet. Caes. 28.—Hence,

Cōmensis, e, adj., of or pertaining to Comum:

ager,

Liv. 33, 36, 9.— Absol.:

in Comensi,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 232.— Subst.: Cōmenses, ium, m., the inhabitants of Comum, Liv. 33, 36, 9; and id. 33, 37, 10; and, acc. to the later ap pel., Nŏvŏcōmensis, Cic. Fam. 13, 35, 1.

Cōmum, i, n., = Kômon, a considerable town in Gallia Transpadana, the birthplace of the younger Pliny, now Como, Liv. 33, 36, 14; Plin. Ep. 1, 3, 1; Just. 20, 5, 8; Plin. 3, 17, 21, § 124; rebuilt by Caesar; hence also called Novum Comum (Neokômon), Suet. Caes. 28.—Hence,

Cōmensis, e, adj., of or pertaining to Comum:

ager,

Liv. 33, 36, 9.— Absol.:

in Comensi,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 232.— Subst.: Cōmenses, ium, m., the inhabitants of Comum, Liv. 33, 36, 9; and id. 33, 37, 10; and, acc. to the later ap pel., Nŏvŏcōmensis, Cic. Fam. 13, 35, 1.

fīdūcĭa, ae, f. [fido], trust, confidence, reliance, assurance (class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

prope certam fiduciam salutis praebere,

Liv. 45, 8, 6; cf.:

jam de te spem habeo, nondum fiduciam,

Sen. Ep. 16:

spes atque fiducia,

Caes. B. C. 1, 20, 2:

tyrannorum vita, nimirum in qua nulla fides, nulla stabilis benevolentiae potest esse fiducia,

Cic. Lael. 15, 52:

hoc se colle Galli fiduciā loci continebant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 2:

tantam habebat (Curio) suarum rerum fiduciam,

id. B. C. 2, 37, 1:

arcae nostrae fiduciam conturbare,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 12, 5:

vitae nostrae,

Ov. M. 1, 356:

falsa'st ista tuae, mulier, fiducia formae,

Prop. 3 (4), 24, 1; Ov. H. 16, 321:

fiducia alicujus,

Cic. Verr. 1, 14, 40:

nihil est, quod in dextram aurem fiducia mei dormias,

by reason of any confidence you have in me, Plin. Ep. 4, 29, 1:

tantane vos generis tenuit fiducia vestri?

Verg. A. 1, 132:

quae sit fiducia capto,

on what the captive relied, hoped? id. ib. 2, 75:

humanis quae sit fiducia rebus,

reliance, id. ib. 10, 152:

mirabundi, unde tanta audacia, tanta fiducia sui victis ac fugatis,

self-confidence, confidence in themselves, Liv. 25, 37, 12:

mei tergi facio haec, non tui fiducia,

i. e. at my own peril, Plaut. Most, 1, 1, 37; for which, with the pron. possess.:

mea (instead of mei) fiducia opus conduxi et meo periculo rem gero,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 100: nunc propter te tuamque pravus factus est fiduciam, reliance on you (for tuique), id. ib. 3, 3, 9:

hanc fiduciam fuisse accusatoribus falsa obiciendi,

Quint. 7, 2, 30:

praestandi, quod exigebatur, fiducia, id. prooem. § 3: nec mihi fiducia est, ut ea sola esse contendam,

id. 5, 12, 1.—

Concr.:

spes et fiducia gentis Regulus,

Sil. 2, 342; Ov. Tr. 5, 6, 1.—

In partic., for fiducia sui, self-confidence, boldness, courage:

omnes alacres et fiduciae pleni ad Alesiam proficiscuntur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 76, 5:

timorem suum sperabat fiduciam barbaris allaturum,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 10, 1:

consul ubi, quanta fiducia esset hosti sensit, etc.,

Liv. 34, 46, 5 and 8:

hostis,

id. 30, 29, 4:

nimia,

Nep. Pel. 3:

fiduciam igitur orator prae se ferat,

Quint. 5, 13, 51:

simplicitate eorum et fiduciā motus,

Suet. Claud. 25:

non quo fiducia desit (mihi),

Ov. H. 17, 37. —With a play in the meaning A. supra: Pe. Qua fiducia ausus (es) filiam meam dicere esse? Ep. Lubuit;

ea fiducia,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 32.—

Transf.

Objectively (synon. with fides, II. A.), trustiness, fidelity:

ut quod meae concreditum est Taciturnitati clam, fidei et fiduciae, Ne enuntiarem cuiquam, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 105:

ibo ad te, fretus tua, Fides, fiducia,

id. Aul. 3, 6, 50.—

Jurid. t. t., that which is intrusted to another on condition of its being returned, a deposit, pledge, security, pawn, mortgage:

si tutor fidem praestare debet, si socius, si, cui mandaris, si qui fiduciam acceperit, debet etiam procurator,

Cic. Top. 10, 42:

fiduciā acceptā... fiduciam committere alicui,

id. Fl. 21, 51:

per fiduciae rationem fraudare quempiam,

id. Caecin. 3, 7; cf.:

judicium fiduciae,

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 16; id. N. D. 3, 30, 74: reliquorum judiciorum haec verba maxime excellunt: in arbitrio rei uxoriae, MELIVS AEQVIVS;

in fiducia, VT INTER BONOS BENE AGIER, etc.,

id. Off. 3, 15, 61; cf.:

ubi porro illa formula fiduciae, VT INTER BONOS BENE AGIER OPORTET,

id. Fam. 7, 12, 2 (cf. also id. Top. 17, 66); Gai. Inst. 2, 59 sq.; Paul. Sent. 2, 13, 1 sqq.; cf. Dict. of Antiq. p. 443.

ĭta, adv. [pronom. stem i-; cf. is; Sanscr. itthā; Zend, itha], in the manner specified, in this manner, in this wise, in such a way, so, thus.

In gen.

Referring to what precedes, as has been said, thus, so:

des operam ut investiges sitne ita,

Cic. Att. 12, 17: vidi ego nequam homines, verum te nullum deteriorem. Phil. Ita sum, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 60:

ita aiunt,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 21; 3, 3, 18; id. Ad. 5, 5, 7:

et hercule ita fecit,

Cic. Cael. 11, 37:

factum est ita,

id. Att. 7, 8, 4:

aiunt enim te ita dictitare,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 64, § 151;

frequent in phrase: quae cum ita sint,

since what has been said is true, id. Rosc. Com. 6, 17 init.; so,

quod cum ita sit,

id. Caecin. 12, 33:

quae cum ita essent,

id. Clu. 34, 94 fin. —

To introduce the thought which follows, thus, in the following manner, as follows, in this way:

in tertio de oratore ita scriptum est, in perpetua, etc.,

Quint. 9, 1, 25:

haec ita digerunt: primum... secundum, etc.,

id. 11, 2, 20:

ita sciunt procuratores... nullius apud te auctoritatem valere plus quam meam,

Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 4; id. Tusc. 3, 18, 41:

ita constitui, fortiter esse agendum,

id. Clu. 19, 51. —

In affirmations, esp. in replies, yes, it is so, just so, true: quid istic tibi negoti est? Dav. Mihin'? Si. Ita, Ter. And. 5, 2, 8:

an laudationes? ita, inquit Antonius,

Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 44:

Davusne? ita,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 2; so in solemn affirmation: est ita: est, judices, ita, ut dicitur, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 117:

et certe ita est,

id. Att. 9, 13, 2:

ita est,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 51; Ter. And. 1, 1, 27;

and in negations: non est ita,

Cic. Off. 1, 44, § 158; strengthened by other particles of affirmation: as vero, profecto, prorsus, plane;

ita vero,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 37:

ita profecto,

id. Am. 1, 1, 214:

non est profecto ita, judices,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 121:

ita prorsus,

id. Tusc. 2, 27, 67:

prorsus ita,

id. Leg. 3, 12, 26:

ita plane,

id. Tusc. 1, 7, 13; id. Ac. 2, 35, 113.—

In interrogations, esp.

Jeeringly, implying an affirmative, = alêthes: itane? really? truly? is it so? itane credis? Ter. And. 2, 3, 25; id. Eun. 5, 8, 28; Cic. Div. 2, 40, 83:

itane est?

id. Rosc. Am. 39, 113;

so with vero or tandem: itane vero? ego non justus?

Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11; id. Verr. 2, 5, 30, § 77; id. Div. 1, 13, 23:

itane tandem?

id. Clu. 65, 182. —

Where surprise or reproach is implied: quid ita? (Gr. ti dai), why so? how is that? what do you mean? accusatis Sex. Roscium. Quid ita? Cic. Rosc. Am. 12, 34; id. N. D. 1, 35, 99; id. Off. 2, 23, 83:

quid ita passus est Eretriam capi? quid ita tot Thessaliae urbes? Quid ita, etc.,

Liv. 32, 21, 13; 27, 34, 13; Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 42.

In partic.

In comparisons, so.

To point out the resemblance, usually corresponding to ut; sometimes to quasi, quomodo, quemadmodum, quam, tamquam, veluti, qualis, etc., as, like, in the same way as:

non ita amo ut sani solent homines,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 38:

ita ut res sese habet,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 24:

ita vero, Quirites, ut precamini, eveniat,

Cic. Phil. 4, 4, 10:

omnis enim pecunia ita tractatur, ut praeda, a praefectis,

id. Fam. 2, 17, 7:

an ita tu's animata, ut qui expers matris imperiis sies?

Plaut. As. 3, 1, 2:

ut homost, ita morem geras,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 77:

ut hirundines... ita falsi amici, etc.,

Auct. Her. 4, 48, 61:

tametsi ita de meo facto loquor, quasi ego illud mea voluntate fecerim,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11, § 29:

sed prorsus ita, quasi aut reus numquam esset futurus, aut, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 4, 22, § 49; Quint. 9, 4, 87:

me consulem ita fecistis, quomodo pauci facti sunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 1, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 92:

quemadmodum dicimus non feci furtum, ita, non est hoc furtum,

Quint. 7, 3, 1:

non ita variant undae... quam facile mutantur amantes,

Prop. 3, 5, 11:

castra in hostico incuriose ita posita, tamquam procul abesset hostis,

Liv. 8, 38, 2:

neque enim ita se gessit tamquam rationem aliquando esset redditurus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22, § 49:

Alexander ita cupide profectus fuerat, veluti, etc.,

Just. 12, 2, 1:

sane ita se habet sacrum, quale apud Homerum quoque est,

Quint. 1, 5, 67.—

Following or followed by ut, to denote that two things are in the same condition or category.

Ut... ita, as... so, just as... so also, alike... and, as well... as: Dolabellam ut Tarsenses, ita Laodiceni multo amentiores ultro arcessierunt, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 10:

Hercules cum ut Eurysthei filios, ita suos configebat sagittis,

Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89; id. Leg. 2, 2, 5. —

Ut... ita, although... yet:

ut errare potuisti, sic decipi te non potuisse quis non videt?

Cic. Fam. 10, 20, 2:

haec omnia ut invitis, ita non adversantibus patriciis transacta,

Liv. 3, 55, 15; cf.;

pleraque Alpium sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,

id. 21, 35, 11. —

Ita ut, just as:

ita ut occoepi dicere,

Plaut. Poen. 2, 24; id. Trin. 4, 2, 52:

ita ut antea demonstravimus,

Caes. B. G. 7, 76; Cato, R. R. 144, 2.—

In oaths, emphatic wishes, solemn assertions, etc., expressed by a comparison:

ita ille faxit Juppiter,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 51: ita me di ament, non nil timeo, i.e. may they so love me as it is true that, etc., Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 1; 3, 2, 21:

ita sim felix,

Prop. 1, 7, 3:

sollicitat, ita vivam, me tua valetudo,

Cic. Fam. 16, 20, 1; Verg. A. 9, 208; so, followed by ut, with indic.:

ita mihi salvā re publicā vobiscum perfrui liceat, ut ego non moveor, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 11:

ita me Venus amet, ut ego te numquam sinam, etc.,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 52:

ita me amabit sancta Saturitas, itaque suo me condecoret cognomine, ut ego vidi,

id. Capt. 4, 2, 97; by ut, with subj., adding a second wish:

nam tecum esse, ita mihi omnia quae opto contingant, ut vehementer velim,

Cic. Fam. 5, 21, 1; for which the abl. absol.: ita incolumi Caesare moriar, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B, 3; for the subj. with ita, the fut. indic.:

ita te amabit Juppiter, ut tu nescis?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 31; id. Merc. 4, 4, 22.—

To denote a kind or quality, so, such, of this nature, of this kind:

nam ita est ingenium muliebre,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 3:

ita est amor: balista ut jacitur,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 42:

ita sunt res nostrae,

Cic. Att. 4, 1, 8:

ita sunt Persarum mores,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 2, 25:

si ita sum, non tam est admirandum regem esse me,

Cic. Sull. 7, 22; id. Dom. 27, 71:

ita inquam = hoc dico,

id. Phil. 14, 5, 12.—

To denote an expected or natural consequence, so, thus, accordingly, under these circumstances, in this manner, therefore:

ita praetorium missum,

Liv. 21, 54, 3:

ita Jovis illud sacerdotium per hanc rationem Theomnasto datur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51 fin.; esp.: ita fit, thus it comes to pass, hence it follows:

ita fit ut animus de se ipse tum judicet, cum id ipsum, quo judicatur, aegrotet,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 1, 1; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; 1, 45, 160:

ita fit ut deus ille nusquam prorsus appareat,

id. N. D. 1, 14, 37; id. Leg. 1, 15, 42; so in an inference, therefore: et deus vester nihil agens; expers virtutis igitur;

ita ne beatus quidem,

id. N. D. 1, 40, 110; Suet. Caes. 60; so,

itaque (= et ita), crassum (caelum) Thebis, itaque pingues Thebani,

Cic. Fat. 4, 7; id. N. D. 3, 17, 44.—

Introducing a limitation or restriction, on the condition, on the assumption, in so far, to such an extent, only in so far, etc., commonly followed by ut:

et tamen ita probanda est mansuetudo, ut adhibeatur rei publicae causa severitas,

Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88:

pax ita convenerat, ut Etruscis Latinisque fluvius Albula finis esset,

Liv. 1, 3; 24, 29 fin.:

sed ante omnia ita vos irae indulgere oportet, ut potiorem irā salutem habeatis,

id. 23, 3; so with tamen:

longiorem dicturis periodum colligendus est spiritus, ita tamen ut id neque diu neque cum sono faciamus,

Quint. 11, 3, 53:

haec ita praetereamus, ut tamen intuentes ac respectantes relinquamus,

Cic. Sest. 5, 13. —

To denote degree, so, to such a degree, so very, so much:

quod quid ita placuerit iis, non video,

Quint. 9, 4, 10:

hoc tibi ita mando, ut dubitem an etiam te rogem, ut pugnes ne intercaletur,

Cic. Att. 5, 9, 2:

ita fugavit Samnites, ut, etc.,

Liv. 8, 36; esp. with adjj.:

judices ita fortes tamen fuerunt, ut... vel perire maluerint, quam,

Cic. Att. 1, 16, 5:

ita sordidus ut se Non umquam servo melius vestiret,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 96:

ita sunt omnia debilitata,

Cic. Fam. 2, 5, 2; so with negatives: non (haud, nec, etc.) ita, not very, not especially:

non ita magna mercede,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 3:

non ita lato interjecto mari,

id. Or. 8, 25:

non ita antiqua,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109:

accessione utuntur non ita probabili,

id. Fin. 2, 13, 42:

haec nunc enucleare non ita necesse est,

id. Tusc. 5, 8, 23:

non ita multum provectus,

id. Phil. 1, 3, 7:

post, neque ita multo,

Nep. Cim. 3, 4; id. Pel. 2, 4; id. Phoc. 2, 5.

ĭter, ĭtĭnĕris (archaic forms: nom. ĭtĭner, Enn. Pac. Att. Varr. ap. Non. 482, 20; Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 72; Lucr. 6, 339; Mart. Cap. 9, § 897.— Gen. iteris, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 695 P.; id. ap. Non. 485, 3; Jul. Hyg. ap. Charis. p. 108 P.; also, iteneris, Lex Agr., C. I. L. 1, 200, 26.— Abl. itere, Att. and Varr. ap. Non. 485, 8; Lucr. 5, 653), n. [for itiner, from īre, ĭtum], a going, a walk, way.

Lit.

In gen.:

dicam in itinere,

on the way, as we go along, Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 34:

hoc ipsa in itinere dum narrat,

id. Heaut. 2, 3, 30:

huc quia habebas iter,

Plaut. As. 2, 3, 6:

iter illi saepius in forum,

Plin. Pan. 77:

in diversum iter equi concitati,

Liv. 1, 28. — Hence,

In partic.

A going to a distant place, a journey; and of an army, a march:

cum illi iter instaret et subitum et longum,

Cic. Att. 13, 23, 1; 3, 2 init.:

ut in itinere copia frumenti suppeteret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3:

qui eo itineris causa convenerant,

id. ib. 7, 55:

sine ullo maleficio iter per provinciam facere,

id. ib. 1, 7:

in ipso itinere confligere,

Liv. 29, 36, 4; Nep. Eum. 8, 1; Hirt. B. G. 8, 27, 5; Just. 11, 15, 4:

Catilina ex itinere plerisque consularibus litteras mittit,

Sall. C. 34, 2:

committere se itineri,

Cic. Phil. 12, 10:

ingredi pedibus,

id. de Sen. 10:

conficere pulverulentā viā,

id. Att. 5, 14:

iter mihi est Lanuvium,

id. Mil. 10:

iter habere Capuam,

id. Att. 8, 11:

facere in Apuliam,

id. ib.:

agere,

Dig. 47, 5, 6; Salv. Gub. Dei, 1, 9: contendere iter, to hasten one ' s journey, Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97; so,

intendere,

Liv. 21, 29:

maturare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 63:

properare,

Tac. H. 3, 40:

conficere,

Cic. Att. 5, 14, 1; 4, 14, 2; id. Vatin. 5, 12:

constituere,

to determine upon, id. Att. 3, 1 init.:

urgere,

Ov. F. 6, 520: convertere in aliquem locum, to direct one ' s journey to a certain place, Caes. B. G. 7, 56: dirigere ad Mutinam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 11:

agere in aliquam partem,

Ov. M. 2, 715: flectere, to change one ' s course, Verg. A. 7, 35:

convertere,

to direct, Cic. Att. 3, 3:

facere,

id. ib. 8, 11, C; Nep. Pel. 2, 5; Suet. Ner. 30 fin.; id. Aug. 64:

comparare,

to prepare for a journey, Nep. Alc. 10; Claud. Eutr. 2, 97:

supprimere,

to stop, break off, Caes. B. C. 1, 66:

retro vertere,

Liv. 28, 3:

ferre per medium mare,

Verg. A. 7, 810:

ferre Inachias urbes,

Stat. Th. 1, 326:

continuare die ac nocte,

to march day and night, Caes. B. C. 3, 36:

desistere itinere,

id. B. G. 5, 11:

coeptum dimittere,

Ov. M. 2, 598:

frangere,

Stat. Th. 12, 232:

impedire,

Ov. H. 21, 74:

instituere,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 5:

peragere,

Verg. A. 6, 381; Hor. S. 2, 6, 99; Ov. F. 1, 188:

rumpere,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 5:

itinere prohibere aliquem,

Caes. B. G. 1, 9:

ex itinere redire,

Cic. Att. 15, 24; Suet. Tit. 5:

revertere,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 26:

Boii ex itinere nostros adgressi,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 6:

tutum alicui praestare,

Cic. Planc. 41.—

Iter terrestre, iter pedestre, a journey by land, a land route (not ante-Aug.):

iter terrestre facturus,

Just. 12, 10, 7:

inde terrestri itinere frumentum advehere,

Tac. H. 4, 35:

terrestri itinere ducere legiones,

Liv. 30, 36, 3; 44, 1, 4; Curt. 9, 10, 2:

pedestri itinere confecto,

Suet. Claud. 17:

pedestri itinere Romam pervenire,

Liv. 36, 21, 6; 37, 45, 2; Amm. 31, 11, 6.—

A journey, a march, considered as a measure of distance: cum abessem ab Amano iter unius diei, a day ' s journey, Cic. Fam. 15, 4:

cum dierum iter quadraginta processerit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 24: quam maximis itineribus potest in Galliam contendit, by making each day ' s journey as long as possible, i. e. forced marches, id. ib. 1, 7:

magnis diurnis nocturnisque itineribus contendere,

id. ib. 1, 38:

itinera multo majora fugiens quam ego sequens,

making greater marches in his flight, Brut. ad Cic. Fam. 11, 13.— Hence, justum iter diei, a day's march of a proper length:

confecto justo itinere ejus diei,

Caes. B. C. 3, 76. —

The place in which one goes, travels, etc., a way, passage, path, road: qua ibant ab itu iter appellarant, Varr. L. L. 5, § 35 Müll.; cf.

5, § 22: itineribus deviis proticisci in provinciam,

Cic. Att. 14, 10:

erant omnino itinera duo, quibus itineribus domo exire possent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6:

pedestria itinera concisa aestuariis,

id. ib. 3, 9:

patefacere alicui iter in aliquem locum,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 11:

in diversum iter equi concitati,

Liv. 1, 28:

ut deviis itineribus milites duceret,

Nep. Eum. 3, 5:

itinere devio per ignorantiam locorum retardati,

Suet. Galb. 20:

exercitum per insidiosa itinera ducere,

id. Caes. 58:

qua rectum iter in Persidem ducebat,

Curt. 13, 11, 19:

ferro aperire,

Sall. C. 58, 7:

fodiendo, substruendo iter facere,

Dig. 8, 1, 10.— Of the corridors in houses, Vitr. 6, 9.—Of any passage:

iter urinae,

the urethra, Cels. 7, 25:

iter vocis,

Verg. A. 7, 534:

itinera aquae,

Col. 8, 17: carpere iter, to pursue a journey:

Rubos fessi pervenimus utpote longum carpentes iter,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 95:

non utile carpis iter,

Ov. M. 2, 550: alicui iter claudere, to block one ' s way, close the way for him:

ne suus hoc illis clauserit auctor iter,

Ov. P. 1, 1, 6; id. F. 1, 272; id. M. 14, 793: iter ingredi, to enter on a way or road, Suet. Caes. 31:

iter patefacere,

to open a way, Caes. B. G. 3, 1.—

A privilege or legal right of going to a place, the right of way:

aquaeductus, haustus, iter, actus a patre sumitur,

Cic. Caecin. 26, 74:

negat se posse iter ulli per provinciam dare,

Caes. B. G. 1, 8, 3; cf. Dig. 8, 3, 1, § 1; 8, 3, 7; 12.—

Trop., a way, course, custom, method of a person or thing:

patiamur illum ire nostris itineribus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3:

verum iter gloriae,

id. Phil. 1, 14, 33:

videmus naturam suo quodam itinere ad ultimum pervenire,

id. N. D. 2, 13, 35:

iter amoris nostri et officii mei,

id. Att. 4, 2, 1:

salutis,

Verg. A. 2, 387:

fecit iter sceleri,

Ov. M. 15, 106:

labi per iter declive senectae,

id. ib. 15, 227:

vitae diversum iter ingredi,

Juv. 7, 172:

duo itinera audendi,

Tac. H. 4, 49:

novis et exquisitis eloquentiae itineribus opus est,

id. Or. 19:

pronum ad honores,

Plin. Ep. 8, 10 fin.; cf.:

novum ad principatum,

id. Pan. 7, 1.

lăbōro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [2. labor].

Neutr., to labor, take pains, exert one's self, strive.

In gen.:

ne labora,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 37:

sese (aratores) sibi, laborare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 52, § 121:

quid ego laboravi, aut quid egi, aut in quo evigilaverunt curae et cogitationes meae, si? etc.,

id. Par. 2, 17:

ne familiares, si scuta ipsi ferrent, laborarent,

id. Phil. 5, 6:

si mea res esset, non magis laborarem,

id. Fam. 13, 44; 74:

qui non satis laborarunt,

Quint. 8 prooem. §

29: frustra laborabimus,

id. 6, 3, 35; cf.:

frustra laboret Ausus idem,

Hor. A. P. 241:

in enodandis nominibus,

to exert one's self in vain, Cic. N. D. 3, 24, 62:

circa memoriam et pronuntiationem,

Quint. 6, 4, 1:

circa nomina rerum ambitiose,

id. 3, 11, 21:

in famam, Sen. de Ira, 3, 41, 3: in commune,

Quint. 5, 11, 24; 8, 2, 18:

in spem,

Ov. M. 15, 367.—With dat., to toil for, to serve:

cui (Jovi) tertia regna laborant,

Sil. 8, 116.—With in and abl.:

quid est, in quo se laborasse dicit?

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 53, § 124:

qua in re mihi non arbitror diu laborandum,

Quint. 2, 3, 2:

in dura humo,

Ov. F. 4, 416:

in remigando,

Vulg. Marc. 6, 48:

in omni gente,

in behalf of, Juv. 8, 239.—With pro:

pro hoc (L. Flacco) laborant,

Cic. Planc. 11, 28:

pro salute mea,

id. Dom. 11, 30:

pro Sestio,

id. Fam. 13, 8, 1.—With ut:

laborabat, ut reliquas civitates adjungeret,

Caes. B. G. 7, 31:

ut honore dignus essem, maxime semper laboravi,

Cic. Planc. 20, 50:

ut vos decerneretis laboravi,

id. Prov. Cons. 11, 28:

neque te ut miretur turba labores,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 73. —With ne:

et sponsio illa ne fieret, laborasti,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 132: quae ego ne frustra subierim... laboro, Lent. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 5.—With inf.:

quem perspexisse laborant,

Hor. A. P. 435:

amarique ab eo laboravi,

Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 2; 2, 5, 9:

si sociis fidelissimis prospicere non laboratis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 55, § 127:

quod audiri non laborarit,

Cic. Att. 5, 2, 2:

hunc superare laboret,

Hor. S. 41, 112; 2, 3, 269:

ne quaerere quidem de tanta re laborarint,

Nep. Pel. 3, 1:

describere,

Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 1.—

In partic.

To suffer, to labor under, to be oppressed, afflicted, or troubled with.

Absol.: aliud est dolere, aliud laborare. Cum varices secabantur C. Mario, dolebat: cum aestu magno ducebat agmen, laborabat. Est mter haec tamen quaedam similitudo: consuetudo enim laborum perpessionem dolorum efficiet faciliorem, Cic. [p. 1025] Tusc. 2, 15, 35:

valetudo tua me valde conturbat: significant enim tuae litterae, te prorsus laborare,

id. Att. 7, 2, 2:

cum sine febri laborassem,

id. ib. 5, 8:

eum graviter esse aegrum, quod vehementer ejus artus laborarent,

id. Tusc. 2, 25, 61.—

With ex:

ex intestinis,

Cic. Fam. 7, 26, 1:

ex pedibus,

id. ib. 9, 23:

ex renibus,

id. Tusc. 2, 25, 60:

e dolore,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 33.—Esp. of mental disorders, etc.:

ex invidia,

Cic. Clu. 71, 202; id. Rosc. Am. 51, 149:

ex desiderio,

id. Fam. 16, 11, 1:

ex inscitia,

id. Inv. 2, 2, 5:

ex aere alieno laborare,

to be oppressed with debt, Caes. B. C. 3, 22.—

With ab:

a re frumentaria,

Caes. B. C. 3, 9:

ab avaritia,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 26.—

With abl.:

laborantes utero puellae,

Hor. C. 3, 22, 2:

domesticā crudelitate,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 154:

nec vero quisquam stultus non horum morborum aliquo laborat,

id. Fin. 1, 18, 59:

odio apud hostes, contemptu inter socios,

Liv. 6, 2:

pestilentiā laboratum est,

id. 1, 31, 5:

crimine temeritatis,

Quint. 12, 9, 14.—

To grieve, be in trouble, be vexed, to be concerned, solicitous, or anxious:

animo laborabat, ut reliquas civitates adjungeret,

Caes. B. G. 7, 31:

ut vos decerneretis, laboravi,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 11:

nihil laboro, nisi ut salvus sis,

id. Fam. 16, 4, 4:

sponsio illa ne fieret laborasti,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 132.— With de (esp. of events or persons on whose account one is concerned):

sororem de fratrum morte laborantem,

Cic. Inv. 2, 26, 78:

de quibus ego ante laborabam, ne, etc.,

id. Caecin. 1, 3:

laboro, ut non minimum hac mea commendatione se consecutum videretur,

id. Fam. 13, 26, 4:

noli putare me de ulla re magis laborare,

id. Att. 6, 1, 3:

his de rebus eo magis laboro, quod, etc.,

id. Fam. 13, 56, 3:

in uno,

i. e. to love, Hor. C. 1, 17, 19: non laboro, nihil laboro, I don't trouble myself about it, it concerns me not:

cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97:

quorsum recidat responsum tuum non magnopere laboro,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 43:

Tironi prospicit, de se nihil laborat,

id. Phil. 8, 9, 26:

quid est quod de iis laborat,

id. ib. 8, 8, 27; id. Tusc. 1, 43, 103.—With abl.:

tuā causā,

Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 6:

neglegens ne qua populus laborat,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 25.—With in:

in re familiari valde laboramus,

Cic. Att. 4, 1, 3.—

To be in distress, difficulty, or danger:

quos laborantes conspexerat iis subsidia submittebat,

Caes. B. G. 4, 26:

suis laborantibus succurrere,

id. B. C. 2, 6; Sall. C. 60, 4:

ne legatus laborantibus suis auxilio foret,

id. J. 52, 6; Curt. 9, 1, 15.— Impers. pass.:

maxime ad superiores munitiones laboratur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 85.—Of inanim. things:

ut utraeque (triremes) ex concursu laborarent,

Caes. B. C. 2, 6:

nec cur fraternis luna laboret equis (of an eclipse of the moon, because the sun's light is then withdrawn from it),

Prop. 2, 34, 52 (3, 32, 48 M.); so,

luna laboret,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:

cum luna laborare non creditur,

Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 42:

laboranti succurrere lunae,

Juv. 6, 443:

Aquilonibus Querceta laborant,

Hor. C. 2, 9, 6:

laborantem ratem deserere,

Ov. P. 2, 6, 22:

laborat carmen in fine,

Petr. 45.—

Act. (only since the Aug. per.; for in Cic. Cael. 22, 54, elaboratus is the correct reading).

To work out, elaborate, to form, make, prepare:

noctibus hibernis castrensia pensa laboro,

Prop. 4, 3, 33:

quale non perfectius Meae laborarint manus,

Hor. Epod. 5, 60:

arte laboratae vestes,

Verg. A. 1, 639:

laborata Ceres,

bread, id. ib. 8, 181:

et nobis et equis letum commune laboras,

preparest, Sil. 16, 411.—

To labor at, to cultivate:

frumenta ceterosque fructus,

Tac. G. 45.

lītĭgĭōsus, a, um, adj. [litigium], full of disputes, quarrelsome.

Lit.:

fora,

Ov. F. 4, 188:

disputatio,

Cic. Fin. 5, 26, 76.—

Fond of disputes, contentious, litigious:

homo minime litigiosus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 14, § 37:

duae anus, quibus nihil litigiosius,

Sid. Ep. 8, 3:

homines pertinacissimi et litigiosissimi,

Aug. Ep. 68.—

Transf., of the object of dispute, disputed:

praediolum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 27, 106.—

Esp. of the subject of a lawsuit, contested, claimed:

de rebus litigiosis et convenire et transigere possumus,

Paul. Sent. 1, 2, 5:

fundum litigiosum emere,

Gai. Inst. 4, 117:

pecora,

Paul. Sent. 5, 18, 3.— Adv.: lītĭgĭōsē, contentiously, Aug. c. Duas Epp. Pel. 3, 4, 13.

lītĭgĭōsus, a, um, adj. [litigium], full of disputes, quarrelsome.

Lit.:

fora,

Ov. F. 4, 188:

disputatio,

Cic. Fin. 5, 26, 76.—

Fond of disputes, contentious, litigious:

homo minime litigiosus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 14, § 37:

duae anus, quibus nihil litigiosius,

Sid. Ep. 8, 3:

homines pertinacissimi et litigiosissimi,

Aug. Ep. 68.—

Transf., of the object of dispute, disputed:

praediolum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 27, 106.—

Esp. of the subject of a lawsuit, contested, claimed:

de rebus litigiosis et convenire et transigere possumus,

Paul. Sent. 1, 2, 5:

fundum litigiosum emere,

Gai. Inst. 4, 117:

pecora,

Paul. Sent. 5, 18, 3.— Adv.: lītĭgĭōsē, contentiously, Aug. c. Duas Epp. Pel. 3, 4, 13.

Messēnē, ēs, or Messēna ( Messāna), ae, f., = Messênê, the capital of Messenia, in the Peloponnesus, on the river Pamisos, now Maura-Matia, Mel. 2, 3, 4; Plin. 4, 5, 7, § 15; Nep. Ep. 8; id. Pel. 4; Liv. 36, 31, 1; 32, 21, 23; Ov. M. 6, 417; cf. Messana, II.—Hence, Messēnĭus ( Messā-nĭus), a, um, adj., = Messênios, Messeni an:

Messenia arva (al. Messania),

Ov. M. 2, 679.—

Subst.

Messēnia, ae, f., the country around Messene, Plin. 4, 5, 7, § 15.—

Messēnĭi, ōrum, m., the Messenians, Liv. 36, 31.

Messēnē, ēs, or Messēna ( Messāna), ae, f., = Messênê, the capital of Messenia, in the Peloponnesus, on the river Pamisos, now Maura-Matia, Mel. 2, 3, 4; Plin. 4, 5, 7, § 15; Nep. Ep. 8; id. Pel. 4; Liv. 36, 31, 1; 32, 21, 23; Ov. M. 6, 417; cf. Messana, II.—Hence, Messēnĭus ( Messā-nĭus), a, um, adj., = Messênios, Messeni an:

Messenia arva (al. Messania),

Ov. M. 2, 679.—

Subst.

Messēnia, ae, f., the country around Messene, Plin. 4, 5, 7, § 15.—

Messēnĭi, ōrum, m., the Messenians, Liv. 36, 31.

Messēnē, ēs, or Messēna ( Messāna), ae, f., = Messênê, the capital of Messenia, in the Peloponnesus, on the river Pamisos, now Maura-Matia, Mel. 2, 3, 4; Plin. 4, 5, 7, § 15; Nep. Ep. 8; id. Pel. 4; Liv. 36, 31, 1; 32, 21, 23; Ov. M. 6, 417; cf. Messana, II.—Hence, Messēnĭus ( Messā-nĭus), a, um, adj., = Messênios, Messeni an:

Messenia arva (al. Messania),

Ov. M. 2, 679.—

Subst.

Messēnia, ae, f., the country around Messene, Plin. 4, 5, 7, § 15.—

Messēnĭi, ōrum, m., the Messenians, Liv. 36, 31.

Messēnē, ēs, or Messēna ( Messāna), ae, f., = Messênê, the capital of Messenia, in the Peloponnesus, on the river Pamisos, now Maura-Matia, Mel. 2, 3, 4; Plin. 4, 5, 7, § 15; Nep. Ep. 8; id. Pel. 4; Liv. 36, 31, 1; 32, 21, 23; Ov. M. 6, 417; cf. Messana, II.—Hence, Messēnĭus ( Messā-nĭus), a, um, adj., = Messênios, Messeni an:

Messenia arva (al. Messania),

Ov. M. 2, 679.—

Subst.

Messēnia, ae, f., the country around Messene, Plin. 4, 5, 7, § 15.—

Messēnĭi, ōrum, m., the Messenians, Liv. 36, 31.

Messēnē, ēs, or Messēna ( Messāna), ae, f., = Messênê, the capital of Messenia, in the Peloponnesus, on the river Pamisos, now Maura-Matia, Mel. 2, 3, 4; Plin. 4, 5, 7, § 15; Nep. Ep. 8; id. Pel. 4; Liv. 36, 31, 1; 32, 21, 23; Ov. M. 6, 417; cf. Messana, II.—Hence, Messēnĭus ( Messā-nĭus), a, um, adj., = Messênios, Messeni an:

Messenia arva (al. Messania),

Ov. M. 2, 679.—

Subst.

Messēnia, ae, f., the country around Messene, Plin. 4, 5, 7, § 15.—

Messēnĭi, ōrum, m., the Messenians, Liv. 36, 31.

multō, adv., v. multus fin. B.

multo (less correctly mulcto), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [1. multa], to punish one with any thing; used mostly of judicial punishment (class.; cf.:

punio, animadverto): accusatorem multā et poenā multavit,

Cic. Balb. 18, 42:

vitia hominum atque fraudes damnis, ignominiis, vinculis, verberibus, exsiliis, morte multantur,

id. de Or. 1, 43, 194:

imperatorem deminutione provinciae,

id. Prov. Cons. 15, 38.—With abl. of that with respect to which the punishment is inflicted:

populos stipendio,

to sentence them to pay, Cic. Balb. 18, 41:

exsules bonis,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106:

aliquem pecuniā,

to fine in a sum of money, Nep. Pel. 1, 3:

agris,

Cic. Agr. 2, 13, 34:

Antiochum Asiā,

id. Sest. 27, 58:

sacerdotio,

Suet. Caes. 1:

publice armis multati privatis copiis juvere militem,

Tac. H. 1, 66:

poculo multabitur,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 43: aliquem votis (like damnare votis), lit., to punish with his vows, i. e. by granting the object of his vows, Naev. ap. Non. 462, 33:

cum ab ipsā fortunā videat hujus consilia esse multata,

Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2:

boves iniquitate operis (al. mulcare),

to torment, Col. 2, 4, 6.—With dat. of the person for whose benefit:

Veneri esse multatum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 21 (in Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 19, Ritschl reads mulcaverit, but this seems to be corrupt; v. Ritschl ad h. l.).