pan+up

in-jungo, xi, ctum, 3, v. a., to join into something.

Lit.

To join or fasten into:

tignos in asseres,

Liv. 44, 5, 4: arborem scrobi, to set or plant into, Pall. Febr. 10, 1;

so without scrobi,

id. ib. 1, 6, 5.—

To join with, to join, unite, attach to any thing:

vineas et aggerem muro,

Liv. 37, 26, 8:

vineas moenibus,

id. 5, 7, 2:

area injuncta domui,

Dig. 2, 57:

pondus,

to hang on, Col. 6, 2, 7: nutrienda sarmenta putator injungit, fastens on, i. e. does not cut off, Pall. 1, 6, 9.— Transf.:

injungere marem feminae,

Col. 6, 37, 2.—

Trop.

To inflict, occasion, bring upon (syn. impono):

civitatibus aeternam servitutem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

alicui novum laborem,

Liv. 5, 4, 3:

alicui onus,

id. 26, 35, 9:

alicui leges,

id. 39, 37, 8:

injuriam a nobis repulsam aliis,

id. 3, 65, 11:

ignominiam alicui,

id. 8, 32, 15:

delectus,

Tac. Agr. 15:

tributum,

id. G. 25: sibi tormentum, to torment one ' s self, Plin. Pan. 86, 1.—

To lay or impose upon as a burden; to charge, enjoin (syn. mando):

alicui munus comitiorum habendorum,

Liv. 3, 35, 7; cf.:

injuncta imperii munera,

Tac. Agr. 13:

injuncta militia,

Liv. 32, 3, 4:

quid a te jucundius mihi potuit injungi, quam, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 2, 18, 1:

nova alicui,

id. Pan. 94, 2:

mihi Bassus injunxerat ut, etc.,

id. Ep. 4, 9, 4; 4, 13, 11:

injungo mihi ut,

I have determined, id. ib. 10, 55:

alicui superlationem,

Val. Max. 6, 9, n. 12: nec sibi ullius rei moram necessitatemque injungebat, quin, etc., i. e. permitted nothing, however pressing, to hinder, etc., Auct. B. Alex. 44, 5:

jusjurandi religionem,

to impose the obligation of an oath, Gai. Inst. 4, 181.

impĕrĭum ( inp-), ĭi, n. [impero], a command, order, direction.

Lit. (mostly ante-class. and post-Aug.): si quid opus est, impera: imperium exsequar. Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 1; cf.:

nunc pergam eri imperium exsequi,

id. ib. 1, 1, 106:

eri imperia persequi,

id. ib. 2, 1, 75:

imperium exsequi,

id. Men. 5, 6, 16; Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 22:

obsequens obediensque est mori atque imperiis patris,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 55; cf. id. Trin. 2, 2, 21; id. Men. 5, 7, 1:

tuo facit jussu, tuo imperio paret,

id. As. 1, 2, 21:

malus et nequam est homo, qui nihili imperium eri Sui servus facit,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 1; cf. id. As. 2, 4, 10:

quod hi neque ad concilia veniebant neque imperio parebant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 2 fin.:

imperium neglegere,

id. ib. 5, 7, 7:

neque ab uno omnia imperia administrari poterant,

id. ib. 2, 22 fin.:

imperio Jovis huc venio,

Verg. A. 5, 726; cf.:

et Jovis imperium et cari praecepta parentis Edocet,

id. ib. 5, 747:

imperiis deūm propalam expositis,

Liv. 8, 6, 12:

quidam (pueri) imperia indignantur,

Quint. 1, 3, 6:

aegri quoquo neglecto medentium imperio, etc.,

Plin. Pan. 22, 3:

elephanti inest imperiorum obedientia,

Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 1:

naturae imperio gemimus, cum, etc.,

Juv. 15, 138:

cujus paruit imperiis,

id. 14, 331.

Transf., the right or power of commanding, authority, command, control (freq. and class.).

In gen.: Mes. Nempe jubes? Me. Jubeo hercle, si quid imperii est in te mihi, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 41; cf. id. Pers. 3, 1, 15:

Appius et caecus et senex tenebat non modo auctoritatem sed etiam imperium in suos,

Cic. de Sen. 11, 37:

reges in ipsos imperium est Jovis,

Hor. C. 3, 1, 6:

eone es ferox, quia habes imperium in beluas?

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 25:

mater, cujus sub imperio'st, mala,

id. Heaut. 2, 2, 4: An. Sta ilico. Ge. Hem, sates pro imperio! quisquis es, i. e. authorilatively, imperiously, id. Phorm. 1, 4, 19:

domesticum,

Cic. Caecin. 18, 52; id. Inv. 2, 47, 140:

(Juppiter) Divosque mortalesque turbas Imperio regit unus aequo,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 48; cf.:

sed me jussa deūm... Imperiis egere suis,

Verg. A. 6, 463:

Phyllius illic Imperio pueri volucresque ferumque leonem Tradiderat domitos,

Ov. M. 7, 373:

agricolae habent rationem cum terra, quae numquam recusat imperium,

Cic. de Sen. 15, 51.—

In partic.

In publicists' lang., supreme power, sovereignty, sway, dominion, empire (cf.: principatus, dominatus, regnum; potestas, potentia).

Sing.: Tarquinio dedit imperium simul et sola regni, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 298 Müll. (Ann. v. 151 Vahl.); cf.:

navorum imperium servare est induperantum,

id. ib. 169 Müll. (Ann. v. 413 Vahl.); and:

ipse (Numa rex) de suo imperio curiatam legem tulit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 13; 2, 17; 18; [p. 901] 20;

21: homo dominandi cupidus aut imperii singularis,

sole dominion, id. ib. 1, 33:

singulare et potestas regia,

id. ib. 2, 9:

esse consul cum summo imperio et potestate,

id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; id. Fl. 8, 18; cf.:

cum summo imperio et potestate versari,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, 31:

qui (App. Claudius) tum erat summo imperio,

id. Fin. 2, 20, 66:

omne imperium nostri penes singulos esse voluerunt,

id. Rep. 1, 40; 2, 32:

de imperio Caesaris... gravissime decernitur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 4:

imperium extra ordinem dare,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 25:

quod imperium potest esse praestantius quam, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 17:

eos qui antea commodis fuerint moribus, imperio, potestate, prosperis rebus immutari,

id. Lael. 15, 54:

ad deponendum imperium tardior esse,

id. Rep. 2, 12:

expertes imperii,

id. ib. 1, 31:

deponentium imperium tyrannorum,

Quint. 9, 2, 67 et saep.:

sub populi Romani imperium dicionemque cadere,

Cic. Font. 1, 2; so,

with dicio,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 7; cf.:

Gallia sub populi Romani imperium redacta,

id. ib. 5, 29, 4:

totam ad imperium populi Romani Ciliciam adjunxit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:

majestas est in imperio atque in omni populi Romani dignitate,

Quint. 7, 3, 35:

cum duobus ducibus de imperio in Italia decertatum est, Pyrrho et Hannibale,

Cic. Lael. 8, 28; cf.:

de imperio dimicare,

id. Off. 1, 12, 38:

spes diuturnitatis atque imperii,

id. Rep. 2, 3; cf.:

sedem et domum summo imperio praebere,

id. ib. 2, 5 fin.:

quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 6:

civitati imperium totius provinciae pollicetur,

id. ib. 7, 64 fin.:

cum abunde expertus esset quam bene umeris tuis sederet imperium,

Plin. Pan. 10 fin.:

auctoritate magis quam imperio regere,

Liv. 1, 7, 8; cf.:

nec illum pro imperio submovere posse... quia ita dicatur: si vobis videtur, discedite, Quirites,

id. 2, 56, 12.—

Plur.:

nec vero imperia expetenda ac potius aut non accipienda interdum aut deponenda nonnumquam,

i. e. public offices, Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:

(cives) mandant imperia,

id. Rep. 1, 31; cf.:

honores, magistratus, imperia, potestates, opes amicitiae anteponere,

id. Lael. 17, 63:

cui (duci) dantur imperia et ea continuantur, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 44:

ita cepi et gessi maxima imperia, ut, etc.,

id. Fam. 3, 7, 5:

vides tyranni satellites in imperiis,

id. Att. 14, 5, 2:

quod praestare dicant Gallorum quam Romanorum imperia perferre,

dominion, government, Caes. B. G. 1, 17, 3:

qui mobilitate ac levitate animi novis imperiis studebant,

id. ib. 2, 1, 3:

imperia legum potentiora quam hominum,

Liv. 2, 1, 1. —

Hence, transf., concr.

Dominion, realm, empire (esp. freq. since the Aug. per.):

duae urbes inimicissimae huic imperio,

Cic. Lael. 3, 11:

jam ipsa terra ita mihi parva visa est, ut me imperii nostri pæniteret,

id. Rep. 6, 16 fin.:

nostrum,

id. ib. 3, 29; cf.:

finium imperii nostri propagatio,

id. Prov. Cons. 12, 29:

fines imperii propagavit,

id. Rep. 3, 12:

imperium Oceano, famam qui terminet astris,

Verg. A. 1, 287:

per quas (artes) imperi Porrecta majestas ad ortus Solis ab Hesperio cubili,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 14:

adjectis Britannis Imperio,

id. ib. 3, 5, 4:

quem vocet divum populus ruentis Imperi rebus?

id. ib. 1, 2, 26;

1, 37, 8: immensum imperii corpus stare ac librari sine rectore non potest,

Tac. H. 1, 16:

reges socii, membra partesque imperii,

Suet. Aug. 48:

breviarium totius imperii,

id. ib. 101:

rationarium imperii,

id. ib. 28:

imperii fines Tiberinum natare,

Juv. 8, 265:

noverat luxuriam imperii veterem,

i. e. of the Roman court, id. 4, 137.—

Trop., rule, control (very rare but class.):

illud vide, si in animis hominum regale imperium sit, unius fore dominatum, consilii scilicet,

Cic. Rep. 1, 38.—Iron.:

imperium judiciorum tenere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 31, § 77:

coactae imperio sexus,

i. e. the ambition, Juv. 6, 135.—

Law t. t., the jurisdiction or discretion of a magistrate:

omnia autem judicia aut legitimo jure consistunt aut imperio continentur,

Gai. Inst. 4, 103:

ideo autem imperio contineri judicia dicuntur, quia tamdiu valent, quamdiu is qui ea praecepit imperium habet,

id. ib. 4, 105; cf. 3, 181 al.—

Milit., the chief command, command.

Sing.:

victum atque expugnatum oppidum est Imperio atque auspicio Amphitruonis maxime,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 37; 1, 1, 41: re impetrata contendunt, ut ipsis summa imperii transdatur, Caes. B. G. 7, 63, 5:

delatam sibi summam imperii,

Suet. Ner. 3:

censet enim etiam ex iis, qui cum imperio sint,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:

nostri imperii dignitas,

id. ib. 1, 7, 4:

novem annis, quibus in imperio fuit,

Suet. Caes. 25:

legionum curam et imperium alicui demandare,

id. ib. 76:

alicui imperium prorogare,

id. Tib. 30:

imperii tempus explere,

id. Caes. 26: cum imperio aut magistratu, i. e. a military or civil command, Suet. Tib. 12:

qui dabat olim imperium, fasces, etc.,

Juv. 10, 79; cf. in the foll.—

Plur.:

mandant (cives) imperia, magistratus,

i. e. military and civil commands, Cic. Rep. 1, 31; cf.:

magistratus, imperia, amicitiae anteponere,

id. Lael. 17, 63;

so opp. magistratus,

Suet. Caes. 54; 75; id. Aug. 61.—

Transf.

Concr.: imperia, i. q. imperatores, commanding officers, commanders, generals:

imperia, potestates, legationes, quom senatus creverit populusve jusserit, ex urbe exeunto,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

nacti vacuas ab imperiis Sardiniam et Siciliam,

Caes. B. C. 1, 31, 1; Val. Max. 1, 1, 9.—

Erat plena lictorum et imperiorum provincia, differta praefectis atque exactoribus, Caes. B. C. 3, 32, 4.—

(Acc. to imperator, II. B. 3.) The imperial government, the government:

tandem quasi coactus recepit imperium,

Suet. Tib. 24; 55; 67; id. Calig. 12; 16; 24; id. Claud. 11; 35; 36 et saep.

intentĭo, ōnis, f. [intendo], a stretching out, straining, tension.

Lit.:

corporis,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20:

nervorum,

Col. 6, 6:

vocis,

Plin. 28, 4, 14, § 53:

aëris,

Gell. 5, 16, 2:

intentionem aëris ostendent tibi inflata,... quid enim est vox nisi intentio aëris?

Sen. Q. N. 2, 6, 3:

et remissio motus,

Gell. 18, 10:

vultus,

Tac. A. 16, 34.—

Increase, augmentation:

doloris,

Sen. Ep. 78, 7:

ve particula tum intentionem significat, tum minutionem,

Gell. 16, 5, 5.—

Trop., a directing of the mind towards any thing.

Exertion, effort:

animus intentione sua depellit pressum omnem ponderum, opp. remissio,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 54:

animi,

id. ib. 2, 27, 65:

cogitationum,

id. ib. 4, 2; id. Inv. 2, 14, 46:

tantum curae intentionisque,

Plin. Ep. 2, 10, 5:

ut libertatem revoces,

id. Pan. 78 med.:

ad intentiones capiendas habiliores,

Gell. 15, 2, 5.—

Attention, application to any thing:

lusūs,

to play, Liv. 4, 17:

intentionem alicui accommodare,

Sen. Ep. 113, 3:

avocare ab intentione operis destinati,

Quint. 10, 3, 23:

rerum,

id. 6, 3, 1:

rei familiaris,

Plin. Ep. 1, 3, 2.—

A design, purpose, intention:

haec intentio tua ut libertatem revoces,

Plin. Pan. 78:

defuncti,

Dig. 34, 1, 10; Ambros. de Jos. Patriarch. 11, 52; Aug. c. Mendac. 18.—

A charge, accusation:

intentio adversariorum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 43, 125:

judiciale genus officiis constat duobus, intentionis ac depulsionis,

Quint. 3, 9, 11; 7, 1, 9.— Hence,

Esp., law t. t., that part of the formula or instruction given by the prætor to the court, setting forth the judgment or relief prayed for by a plaintiff in his complaint (cf. Sanders, Inst. of Just. introd. p. 65 sqq.):

intentio est ea pars formulae qua actor desiderium suum concludit,

Gai. Inst. 4, 41; 44 sq.;

53 sq.: cum petitor intentionem suam perdiderit,

Dig. 10, 4, 9, § 6: quod intentionis vestrae proprias afferre debeatis probationes, Vet. Consult. 6, 14 Huschke.—

The first or major premise in a syllogism:

ita erit prima intentio, secunda assumptio, tertia conexio,

Quint. 5, 14, 6.

ĭter, ĭtĭnĕris (archaic forms: nom. ĭtĭner, Enn. Pac. Att. Varr. ap. Non. 482, 20; Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 72; Lucr. 6, 339; Mart. Cap. 9, § 897.— Gen. iteris, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 695 P.; id. ap. Non. 485, 3; Jul. Hyg. ap. Charis. p. 108 P.; also, iteneris, Lex Agr., C. I. L. 1, 200, 26.— Abl. itere, Att. and Varr. ap. Non. 485, 8; Lucr. 5, 653), n. [for itiner, from īre, ĭtum], a going, a walk, way.

Lit.

In gen.:

dicam in itinere,

on the way, as we go along, Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 34:

hoc ipsa in itinere dum narrat,

id. Heaut. 2, 3, 30:

huc quia habebas iter,

Plaut. As. 2, 3, 6:

iter illi saepius in forum,

Plin. Pan. 77:

in diversum iter equi concitati,

Liv. 1, 28. — Hence,

In partic.

A going to a distant place, a journey; and of an army, a march:

cum illi iter instaret et subitum et longum,

Cic. Att. 13, 23, 1; 3, 2 init.:

ut in itinere copia frumenti suppeteret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3:

qui eo itineris causa convenerant,

id. ib. 7, 55:

sine ullo maleficio iter per provinciam facere,

id. ib. 1, 7:

in ipso itinere confligere,

Liv. 29, 36, 4; Nep. Eum. 8, 1; Hirt. B. G. 8, 27, 5; Just. 11, 15, 4:

Catilina ex itinere plerisque consularibus litteras mittit,

Sall. C. 34, 2:

committere se itineri,

Cic. Phil. 12, 10:

ingredi pedibus,

id. de Sen. 10:

conficere pulverulentā viā,

id. Att. 5, 14:

iter mihi est Lanuvium,

id. Mil. 10:

iter habere Capuam,

id. Att. 8, 11:

facere in Apuliam,

id. ib.:

agere,

Dig. 47, 5, 6; Salv. Gub. Dei, 1, 9: contendere iter, to hasten one ' s journey, Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97; so,

intendere,

Liv. 21, 29:

maturare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 63:

properare,

Tac. H. 3, 40:

conficere,

Cic. Att. 5, 14, 1; 4, 14, 2; id. Vatin. 5, 12:

constituere,

to determine upon, id. Att. 3, 1 init.:

urgere,

Ov. F. 6, 520: convertere in aliquem locum, to direct one ' s journey to a certain place, Caes. B. G. 7, 56: dirigere ad Mutinam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 11:

agere in aliquam partem,

Ov. M. 2, 715: flectere, to change one ' s course, Verg. A. 7, 35:

convertere,

to direct, Cic. Att. 3, 3:

facere,

id. ib. 8, 11, C; Nep. Pel. 2, 5; Suet. Ner. 30 fin.; id. Aug. 64:

comparare,

to prepare for a journey, Nep. Alc. 10; Claud. Eutr. 2, 97:

supprimere,

to stop, break off, Caes. B. C. 1, 66:

retro vertere,

Liv. 28, 3:

ferre per medium mare,

Verg. A. 7, 810:

ferre Inachias urbes,

Stat. Th. 1, 326:

continuare die ac nocte,

to march day and night, Caes. B. C. 3, 36:

desistere itinere,

id. B. G. 5, 11:

coeptum dimittere,

Ov. M. 2, 598:

frangere,

Stat. Th. 12, 232:

impedire,

Ov. H. 21, 74:

instituere,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 5:

peragere,

Verg. A. 6, 381; Hor. S. 2, 6, 99; Ov. F. 1, 188:

rumpere,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 5:

itinere prohibere aliquem,

Caes. B. G. 1, 9:

ex itinere redire,

Cic. Att. 15, 24; Suet. Tit. 5:

revertere,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 26:

Boii ex itinere nostros adgressi,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 6:

tutum alicui praestare,

Cic. Planc. 41.—

Iter terrestre, iter pedestre, a journey by land, a land route (not ante-Aug.):

iter terrestre facturus,

Just. 12, 10, 7:

inde terrestri itinere frumentum advehere,

Tac. H. 4, 35:

terrestri itinere ducere legiones,

Liv. 30, 36, 3; 44, 1, 4; Curt. 9, 10, 2:

pedestri itinere confecto,

Suet. Claud. 17:

pedestri itinere Romam pervenire,

Liv. 36, 21, 6; 37, 45, 2; Amm. 31, 11, 6.—

A journey, a march, considered as a measure of distance: cum abessem ab Amano iter unius diei, a day ' s journey, Cic. Fam. 15, 4:

cum dierum iter quadraginta processerit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 24: quam maximis itineribus potest in Galliam contendit, by making each day ' s journey as long as possible, i. e. forced marches, id. ib. 1, 7:

magnis diurnis nocturnisque itineribus contendere,

id. ib. 1, 38:

itinera multo majora fugiens quam ego sequens,

making greater marches in his flight, Brut. ad Cic. Fam. 11, 13.— Hence, justum iter diei, a day's march of a proper length:

confecto justo itinere ejus diei,

Caes. B. C. 3, 76. —

The place in which one goes, travels, etc., a way, passage, path, road: qua ibant ab itu iter appellarant, Varr. L. L. 5, § 35 Müll.; cf.

5, § 22: itineribus deviis proticisci in provinciam,

Cic. Att. 14, 10:

erant omnino itinera duo, quibus itineribus domo exire possent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 6:

pedestria itinera concisa aestuariis,

id. ib. 3, 9:

patefacere alicui iter in aliquem locum,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 11:

in diversum iter equi concitati,

Liv. 1, 28:

ut deviis itineribus milites duceret,

Nep. Eum. 3, 5:

itinere devio per ignorantiam locorum retardati,

Suet. Galb. 20:

exercitum per insidiosa itinera ducere,

id. Caes. 58:

qua rectum iter in Persidem ducebat,

Curt. 13, 11, 19:

ferro aperire,

Sall. C. 58, 7:

fodiendo, substruendo iter facere,

Dig. 8, 1, 10.— Of the corridors in houses, Vitr. 6, 9.—Of any passage:

iter urinae,

the urethra, Cels. 7, 25:

iter vocis,

Verg. A. 7, 534:

itinera aquae,

Col. 8, 17: carpere iter, to pursue a journey:

Rubos fessi pervenimus utpote longum carpentes iter,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 95:

non utile carpis iter,

Ov. M. 2, 550: alicui iter claudere, to block one ' s way, close the way for him:

ne suus hoc illis clauserit auctor iter,

Ov. P. 1, 1, 6; id. F. 1, 272; id. M. 14, 793: iter ingredi, to enter on a way or road, Suet. Caes. 31:

iter patefacere,

to open a way, Caes. B. G. 3, 1.—

A privilege or legal right of going to a place, the right of way:

aquaeductus, haustus, iter, actus a patre sumitur,

Cic. Caecin. 26, 74:

negat se posse iter ulli per provinciam dare,

Caes. B. G. 1, 8, 3; cf. Dig. 8, 3, 1, § 1; 8, 3, 7; 12.—

Trop., a way, course, custom, method of a person or thing:

patiamur illum ire nostris itineribus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3:

verum iter gloriae,

id. Phil. 1, 14, 33:

videmus naturam suo quodam itinere ad ultimum pervenire,

id. N. D. 2, 13, 35:

iter amoris nostri et officii mei,

id. Att. 4, 2, 1:

salutis,

Verg. A. 2, 387:

fecit iter sceleri,

Ov. M. 15, 106:

labi per iter declive senectae,

id. ib. 15, 227:

vitae diversum iter ingredi,

Juv. 7, 172:

duo itinera audendi,

Tac. H. 4, 49:

novis et exquisitis eloquentiae itineribus opus est,

id. Or. 19:

pronum ad honores,

Plin. Ep. 8, 10 fin.; cf.:

novum ad principatum,

id. Pan. 7, 1.

jūro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a., and jūror, ātus, 1, v. dep. [2. jus], to swear, to take an oath.

In gen., absol.:

cui si aram tenens juraret, crederet nemo,

Cic. Fl. 36, 90:

cum ille mihi nihil, nisi ut jurarem, permitteret,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 7:

cum enim faciles sint nonnulli hominum ad jurandum,

Dig. 28, 7, 8:

posteaquam juratum est, denegatur actio,

ib. 12, 2, 9:

ex animi tui sententia jurāris,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108.— With inf., Sil. 2, 3, 51; Claud. B. Get. 81; Dig. 12, 2, 13, § 5.—With nom. and inf., poet., Prop. 3, 4, 40.—With acc. and inf.:

jurat, se eum non deserturum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 13:

se non reversurum,

id. ib. 3, 87:

jurarem... me et ardere studio veri reperiendi,

Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 65:

nisi victores se redituros jurant,

Liv. 2, 45:

Boeotum in crasso jurares aëre natum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 244:

falsum,

to swear falsely, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108:

vere,

to swear truly, id. Fam. 5, 2, 7:

jurarem per Jovem,

by Jupiter, id. Ac. 2, 20, 65:

per supremi regis regnum,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 211; Verg. A. 9, 300:

per solis radios,

Juv. 13, 78; 6, 16.—Also with simple acc. of the being or object sworn by (mostly poet.):

Terram, Mare, Sidera,

Verg. A. 12, 197; 6, 324:

quomodo tibi placebit Jovem lapidem jurare, cum scias?

Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2:

quaevis tibi numina,

Ov. H. 16, 319:

Samothracum aras,

Juv. 3, 144.—Hence also pass.:

dis juranda palus,

the Styx, by which the gods swear, Ov. M. 2, 46; cf.:

Stygias juravimus undas,

id. ib. 2, 101:

Junonis numina,

Tib. 4, 13, 15:

caput,

Sil. 8, 106.— Rarely with acc. of the fact sworn to:

morbum,

i. e. to swear to the fact of sickness, Cic. Att. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

jurata pacta,

Sil. 2, 274:

ex mei animi sententia,

with sincerity, without reservation, Liv. 22, 53, 10; so,

ex nostri animi sententia,

Quint. 8, 5, 1; cf. Liv. 43, 15, 8; Gell. 4, 20, 3: alicui aliquid, [p. 1019] to vow or promise to one, Stat. Th. 4, 396:

sacramenta deis,

Sil. 10, 448:

alicui jurare,

to swear allegiance to, Plin. Pan. 68, 4: in verba, to swear with certain words, i. e. to take a prescribed form of oath:

Petreius in haec verba jurat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 76:

cur in certa verba jurent,

Cic. Inv. 2, 45, 132:

milites in verba P. Scipionis jurarunt,

Liv. 28, 29; 7, 5; 6, 22:

in haec verba jures postulo,

in this form of words, id. 22, 53, 12:

in verba magistri,

to echo his sentiments, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 14:

in verba ejus,

Suet. Galb. 16:

in verba Vitellii,

id. Oth. 8: idem deinceps omnis exercitus in se quisque jurat, i. e. each soldier took the oath separately;

whereas the usual practice was that one man uttered the entire oath, and the others only added, idem in me,

Liv. 2, 45, 14:

in litem,

to make oath respecting the matter in dispute, to appraise under oath, Cic. Rosc. Com. 1, 4; Dig. 4, 3, 18; 8, 5, 7 al.:

in nomen alicujus,

to swear allegiance to one, Suet. Claud. 10:

in legem,

to swear to observe a law, Cic. Sest. 16, 37:

verissimum pulcherrimumque jusjurandum,

to take an oath, id. Fam. 5, 2, 7:

sacramenta,

Sil. 10, 447; cf.:

sceleri jurato nefando sacramenta,

Luc. 4, 228.—With de and abl.:

de sua persona,

in one's own behalf, Dig. 44, 5, 1, § 3:

de calumnia,

to clear one's self of calumny under oath, ib. 12, 2, 16; 2, 8, 8, § 5.— Pass. impers.:

scis, tibi ubique jurari,

Plin. Pan. 68: ne in acta sua juraretur, Suet Tib. 26.—

Dep. form, Plaut. Pers. 3, 2, 2; cf. id. Rud. 5, 3, 16:

judici demonstrandum est, quid juratus sit, quid sequi debeat,

Cic. Inv. 2, 43, 126:

ex lege, in quam jurati sitis,

id. ib. 2, 45, 121:

juratus se eum sua manu interempturum,

Liv. 32, 22, 7.—

In partic., to conspire (cf. conjuro); with inf.: jurarunt inter se barbaros necare, Cato ap. Plin. 29, 1, 7, § 14:

in me jurarunt somnus, ventusque, fidesque,

Ov. H. 10, 117:

in facinus,

id. M. 1, 242.—Hence, jūrātus, a, um, P. a.

Called upon or taken to witness in an oath:

numina,

Ov. H. 2, 25.—

Under an oath, bound by an oath:

Regulus juratus missus est ad senatum, ut, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 26, 99:

quamvis jurato metuam tibi credere testi,

Juv. 5, 5.—

Act., having sworn, that has sworn:

nam injurato scio plus credet mihi quam jurato tibi,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 281; id. As. 1, 1, 8:

haec, quae juratus in maxima contione dixi,

Cic. Sull. 11:

in eadem arma,

Ov. M. 13, 50.— Sup.: juratissimi auctores, the most trustworthy, Plin. H. N. praef. § 22. — Adv.: jūrātō, with an oath, under oath (post-class.):

promittere,

Dig. 2, 8, 16.

languesco, gŭi, 3, v. inch. n. [langueo], to become faint, weak, languid (class.; syn.: torpesco, marcesco).

Lit.

In gen.:

corpore languescit,

Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 65:

orator metuo ne languescat senectute,

id. de Sen. 9, 28:

corpora,

Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 39; Plin. Pan. 18:

vites languescunt,

Plin. 18, 15, 37, § 138:

cum flos, succisus aratro, languescit moriens,

droops, withers, Verg. A. 9, 436: Bacchus in amphora Languescit, becomes mild or mellow, Hor. C. 3, 16, 34:

luna languescit,

becomes obscured, Tac. A. 1, 28:

color in luteum languescens,

inclining to, Plin. 27, 13, 109, § 133.—

In partic., to be enfeebled by disease, to be ill, to languish ( poet. and post-Aug.):

nec mea languescent corpora,

Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 39:

ter omnino per quatuordecim annos languit,

Suet. Ner. 51.—

Trop., to grow languid, listless, or inactive, to decline, decrease:

consensus populi, si nos languescimus debilitetur necesse est,

Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 4:

Martia legio hoc nuntio languescet et mollietur,

id. ib. 12, 3, 8:

quare non est, cur eorum spes infringatur aut languescat industria,

should relax, id. Or. 2, 6:

militaria studia,

are on the decline, Plin. Pan. 18:

affectus omnes,

Quint. 11, 3, 2:

mens languescit,

id. 1, 2, 18: omnium rerum cupido languescit, cum facilis occasio est, Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 1:

paulatim atrocibus irae languescunt animis,

Sil. 13, 325:

illa rabies languit,

Luc. 7, 246.

laurĕus, a, um, adj. [id.], of laurel, laurel-.

Adj.:

vectes laurei,

Cato, R. R. 31:

folia,

id. ib. 76:

corona,

Liv. 23, 11:

in nitidā laurea serta comā,

Ov. Tr. 2, 172:

oleum,

laurel-oil, Plin. 20, 13, 51, § 137:

ramus,

id. 15, 30, 40, § 136:

ramulus,

Suet. Caes. 81:

pira,

i. e. that smell like laurel, Col. 12, 10:

cerasa,

grafted on laurel, Plin. 15, 25, 30, § 104:

nemus,

Mart. 10, 92, 11.—

Subst.: laurĕa, ae, f.

(Sc. arbor.) The laurel-tree:

laurea in puppi navis longae enata,

Liv. 32, 1:

tum spissa ramis laurea fervidos Excludet ictus,

Hor. C. 2, 15, 9:

factis modo laurea ramis annuit,

Ov. M. 1, 566:

ex Pannonia,

Plin. Pan. 8, 3.—

(Sc. corona.) A laurel crown or garland, laurel branch, as the ornament of Apollo, of poets, of ancestral images, of generals enjoying a triumph, and of letters containing news of a victory:

te precor, o vates, assit tua laurea nobis,

Ov. R. Am. 75:

laureā donandus Apollinari,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 9:

cedant arma togae, concedat laurea linguae, Cic. poët. Off. 1, 22, 77: quam lauream cum tua laudatione conferam,

id. Fam. 15, 6, 1. Sometimes victorious generals, instead of a triumphal procession, contented themselves with carrying a laurel branch to the Capitol:

de Cattis Dacisque duplicem triumphum egit: de Sarmatis lauream modo Capitolino Jovi retulit,

Suet. Dom. 6:

urbem praetextatus et laurea coronatus intravit,

id. Tib. 17; id. Ner. 13; Plin. Pan. 8:

thyrsus enim vobis, gestata est laurea nobis,

Ov. P. 2, 5, 67:

bellorum laureas victori tradens,

Just. 14, 4, 17.—

Trop., a victory, triumph:

primus in toga triumphum linguaeque lauream merite,

Plin. 7, 30, 31, § 117; cf.:

parite laudem et lauream,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 53.

Lŭpercal, ālis, n. [Lupercalis], a grotto on the Palatine Hill, sacred to the Lycean Pan (Lupercus):

gelidā monstrat sub rupe Lupercal,

Verg. A. 8, 342;

v. Serv. ad loc.: quamquam Velia non est vilior quam Lupercal,

Cic. Fam. 7, 20, 1:

forsitan et quaeras cur sit locus ille Lupercal,

Ov. F. 2, 381.—Hence,

Lŭpercālis, e, adj., of or belonging to the Lupercalia, Lupercal:

sacrum,

Suet. Aug. 31.—

Hence, plur. as subst.: Lŭpercālĭa, ĭum and ōrum, n., the festival of the Lycean Pan (Lupercus), celebrated in February, in which the priests (Luperci), with their faces painted and only a girdle about their loins (cinctuti, Ov. F. 5, 101), ran about the city striking the women whom they met, a ceremony supposed to make them fruitful:

ad Lupercalia,

Cic. Phil. 2, 34, 87; 2, 33, 84:

hodierni diei res gestas Lupercalibus habebis,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 4; cf. Ov. F. 2, 267 sqq.; Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 343.

Lŭpercal, ālis, n. [Lupercalis], a grotto on the Palatine Hill, sacred to the Lycean Pan (Lupercus):

gelidā monstrat sub rupe Lupercal,

Verg. A. 8, 342;

v. Serv. ad loc.: quamquam Velia non est vilior quam Lupercal,

Cic. Fam. 7, 20, 1:

forsitan et quaeras cur sit locus ille Lupercal,

Ov. F. 2, 381.—Hence,

Lŭpercālis, e, adj., of or belonging to the Lupercalia, Lupercal:

sacrum,

Suet. Aug. 31.—

Hence, plur. as subst.: Lŭpercālĭa, ĭum and ōrum, n., the festival of the Lycean Pan (Lupercus), celebrated in February, in which the priests (Luperci), with their faces painted and only a girdle about their loins (cinctuti, Ov. F. 5, 101), ran about the city striking the women whom they met, a ceremony supposed to make them fruitful:

ad Lupercalia,

Cic. Phil. 2, 34, 87; 2, 33, 84:

hodierni diei res gestas Lupercalibus habebis,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 4; cf. Ov. F. 2, 267 sqq.; Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 343.

Lŭpercal, ālis, n. [Lupercalis], a grotto on the Palatine Hill, sacred to the Lycean Pan (Lupercus):

gelidā monstrat sub rupe Lupercal,

Verg. A. 8, 342;

v. Serv. ad loc.: quamquam Velia non est vilior quam Lupercal,

Cic. Fam. 7, 20, 1:

forsitan et quaeras cur sit locus ille Lupercal,

Ov. F. 2, 381.—Hence,

Lŭpercālis, e, adj., of or belonging to the Lupercalia, Lupercal:

sacrum,

Suet. Aug. 31.—

Hence, plur. as subst.: Lŭpercālĭa, ĭum and ōrum, n., the festival of the Lycean Pan (Lupercus), celebrated in February, in which the priests (Luperci), with their faces painted and only a girdle about their loins (cinctuti, Ov. F. 5, 101), ran about the city striking the women whom they met, a ceremony supposed to make them fruitful:

ad Lupercalia,

Cic. Phil. 2, 34, 87; 2, 33, 84:

hodierni diei res gestas Lupercalibus habebis,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 4; cf. Ov. F. 2, 267 sqq.; Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 343.

Lŭpercus, i, m. [lupus, and perh. arceo].

The Roman name of the Lycean Pan (so called because he protected the flocks from wolves), Just. 4, 3, 1.—Far more freq.,

A priest of the Lycean Pan:

nudi Luperci,

Verg. A. 8, 663; Ov. F. 2, 267:

nec prodest agili palmas praebere Luperco,

Juv. 2, 142. There were at first two classes of these priests, the Fabiani and the Quintiliani, to whom afterwards, in honor of Cæsar, were added the Juliani, Suet. Caes. 76. At first the priests were chosen only from the herdsmen, but afterwards young persons of the highest rank were received among them:

ita eras Lupercus, ut te consulem esse meminisse deberes,

Cic. Phil. 2, 34, 85; Suet. Aug. 31.—

There were also Luperci at Velitrae,

Inscr. Murat. 1, 3.

Lycaeus, i, m., = Lukaios, a mountain in Arcadia (now Dhiaforti), where Jupiter and Pan were worshipped, Plin. 4, 6, 10, § 21; Verg. G. 4, 539; Ov. M. 1, 217; Aug. Civ. Dei, 18, 17; Serv. Verg. A. 8, 343 and 344:

saxa Lycaei,

Verg. E. 10, 15.—Hence,

Lycaeus, a, um, adj., Lycean:

Panos de more Lycaei,

Verg. A. 8, 344:

collis,

Ov. M. 1, 698:

nemus,

id. ib. 8, 317:

deus,

i. e. Pan, Val. Fl. 6, 533.

marcĭdus, a, um, adj. [marceo], withered, wasted, shrunk, decayed, rotten (mostly poet. and post-Aug.).

Lit.:

lilia marcida,

Ov. M. 10, 92:

aures,

Plin. 11, 37, 50, § 137:

cicatrices, id. prooem. 23: stagna,

foul, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 280:

asseres vetustate marcidi fiunt,

Vitr. 2, 8, 20:

manus,

Val. Max. 6, 9, 6 ext. —

Transf., weak, feeble, languid, enervated, exhausted:

huc incede gradu marcidus ebrio,

Sen. Med. 69:

marcidus edomito bellum referebat ab Haemo Liber,

Stat. Th. 4, 652:

somno,

Plin. Pan. 63:

somno aut libidinosis vigiliis,

Tac. A. 6, 10; Plin. Pan. 63: sol, faint, pale, dull, Poët. ap. Diom. p. 445 P.:

senectus,

Val. Max. 7, 7, 4:

oculi libidine marcidi,

languishing, voluptuous, App. M. 3, p. 135, 34.

occurso, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. n. [occurro], to run, go, or come to meet; to meet (not in Cic.).

Lit.

In gen.:

alios occursantes interficere,

Sall. J. 12, 5:

occursare capro... caveto,

beware of meeting, Verg. E. 9, 24:

fugientibus,

Tac. A. 3, 20.—

Of things: occursantes inter se radices,

Plin. 16, 2, 2, § 6.—

In partic.

To rush against or upon, to attack, charge; to strive against, oppose:

occursat ocius gladio,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44:

inter invidos, occursantes, factiosos,

opposing, Sall. J. 85, 3:

fortissimus quisque et promptissimus ad occursandum pugnandumque,

Gell. 3, 7, 6. —

To come to or towards:

quid tu huc occursas,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 27.—

Trop.

To be beforehand with, to anticipate:

fortunae,

Plin. Pan. 25, 5.—

To appear before, present one's self to:

numinibus,

Plin. Pan. 81, 1.—

Esp., to appear to the mind; to suggest itself, enter the thoughts, occur to one; with or without animo; also with acc. of the person:

occursant animo scripta,

Plin. Ep. 5, 5, 7:

occursant verba,

id. ib. 2, 3, 2:

me occursant multae, meminisse hau possum,

occur to me, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 56.

părum, subst. indecl. and adv. (for the comp. and sup. mĭnus and mĭnĭme are used; v. h. vv. sub parvus) [akin to parvus and pauros: cf. parco], too little, not enough (opp. satis and nimium).

Lit.

Subst.

With gen.:

in hac enim satis erat copiae, in illā autem leporis parum,

Cic. Brut. 68, 240:

non parum humanitatis (= satis),

id. Rosc. Com. 16, 46:

satis eloquentiae, sapientiae parum,

Sall. C. 5, 4:

Latini sanguinis,

Hor. Epod. 7, 4:

splendoris,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 111.—

Absol.:

magis offendit nimium quam parum,

Cic. Or. 22, 73; cf.:

in hoc genere nimium quod est offendit vementius quam id, quod videtur parum,

id. ib. 53, 178:

melius est parum cum timore Domini,

Vulg. Prov. 15, 16; 16, 8.—

Adverb.

With verbs:

parum praedicas,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 218:

consulitis parum,

Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 36:

parum procedit quod ago,

id. And. 4, 1, 56:

si parum intellexti,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 59:

quaero ex te, quae parum accepi,

Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 4:

cum parum memineris, quod concesseris,

id. Inv. 1, 47, 88:

credere alicui,

Caes. B. C. 2, 31:

affirmatur,

Tac. H. 4, 60.—

Parum est, videtur, etc., it is, seems, not enough, not sufficient: parum habere, to deem it not enough, to be not content with any thing:

immo duas dabo, una si parum est,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 44:

rebus servandis centuplex murus parum'st,

id. Pers. 4, 4, 11:

parumne est, quod nobis succenset senex, Ni instigemus etiam?

Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 13:

parumne est, quod tantum homines fefellisti, ut neglegeres auctoritatem senatūs,

Cic. Sest. 14, 32; often followed by nisi:

consules parum sībi videri praefati pro merito eorum suā voce conlaudari eos, nisi, etc.,

Liv. 27, 10, 5:

parum fuisse non laudari Africanum... nisi, etc.,

id. 38, 54, 9; 6, 40, 8; 42, 4, 6;

38, 54, 9: parum est, ut in curiam venias, nisi, etc.,

Plin. Pan. 60; rarely by si:

parum est, si in partem ejus venis, etc.,

Liv. 6, 40, 18:

ceu parum sit in tantam pervenire altitudinem,

Plin. 31, 1, 1: non nocuisse parum est;

prodest quoque,

Ov. F. 2, 415:

quid satis est, si Roma parum?

Luc. 5, 274:

haec talia facinora impune suscepisse parum habuere,

Sall. J. 31, 9: templum violare parum habuisse, nisi, etc., Liv. 42, 3; Vell. 2, 76 fin. parum est, aegrum non esse, Tac. Or. 23.—

With adjectives, not sufficiently, too little. sunt ea quidem parum firma, Cic. Att. 10, 11:

si parum multi sunt, qui, etc.,

id. Planc. 7, 18:

parum multae necessitudines,

id. ib. 30, 72; id. Tusc. 5, 37, 107:

blanda es parum,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 21: dum pudet te parum optimatem esse, Cael. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9, A, 2:

parum claris lucem dare coget,

Hor. A. P. 448:

castis,

id. C. 1, 12, 59.—

With adverbs:

nemo parum diu vixit, qui, etc.,

not enough, not sufficiently, Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 109:

diligenter,

id. Att. 10, 9:

mature,

Liv. 21, 3:

cui rei parum diligenter ab iis erat provisum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 18, 6:

si quando dictum est: est autem dictum non parum saepe,

often enough, Cic. Fin. 2, 4, 12:

cum non parum liberaliter domum suam homines invitaret,

Nep. Att. 13, 6; cf.:

parum in tempore,

not in good season, too late, Tac. A. 1, 19.—

Transf., in gen., not particularly, not very, little (perh. only postAug.), v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 781 sq.; Dietsch ad Sall. J. 85, 31.

With adjectives:

semper fuerunt non parum multi, qui, etc.,

not few, Quint. 6, 2, 3; so,

scripsit non parum multa,

id. 10, 1, 124.—

With verbs:

non sunt composita mea verba: parum id facio,

I care little for it, Sall. J. 85, 31 Kritz (but the true read. is parvi, Dietsch ad loc.; Madv. ad Cic. Fin. p. 781):

dolebimus, sed parum,

Sen. Ep. 116, 7:

nihil aut certe parum, intererat,

Plin. Pan. 20, 3:

(littera M) etiamsi scribitur, tamen parum exprimitur,

it is hardly sounded, Quint. 9, 4, 40; 8, 3, 5:

possessa ipso transitu Vicetia: quod per se parum, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 8:

non principatus appetens, parum effugerat ne dignus crederetur (= vix),

id. ib. 3, 39 fin. (Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 41, the better read. is: qui pauca metuit, Bait.).

pĭĕtas, ātis, f. [pius], dutiful conduct towards the gods, one's parents, relatives, benefactors, country, etc., sense of duty.

Lit.

With respect to the gods, piety:

est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 115; 1, 2, 3; cf.: aequitas tripartita dicitur esse;

una ad superos deos, altera ad manes, tertia ad homines pertinere. Prima pietas, secunda sanctitas, tertia justitia aut aequitas nominatur,

id. Top. 23, 90: pietas adversus deos, id. [p. 1375] Fin. 3, 22, 73:

deos placatos pietas efficiet et sanctitas,

id. Off. 2, 3, 11; id. Rep. 1, 2, 2:

senex fretus pietate deum,

Naev. B. Punic. 3, 1; Enn. ap. Non. 160, 2 (Trag. v. 369 Vahl.): nec pietas ulla est, velatum saepe videri Vortier ad lapidem atque omnes accedere ad aras, etc., that is not piety, to incline with veiled head to the marble, etc., Lucr. 5, 1198.—

Conscientiousness, scrupulousness, Ov. F. 6, 607.—So of love and duty towards God (eccl. Lat.;

freq.),

Vulg. 2 Macc. 3, 1; id. 2 Pet. 1, 6.— Plur., Vulg. 2 Pet. 3, 11.—

With respect to one's parents, children, relatives, country, benefactors, etc., duty, dutifulness, affection, love, loyalty, patriotism, gratitude, etc.: Pa. Salve, mi pater insperate. Tr. Volup est, quom istuc ex pietate vestrā nobis contigit, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 132:

patrem tuom si percoles per pietatem,

dutifully, id. Trin. 2, 2, 3:

justitia erga deos religio, erga parentes pietas nominatur,

Cic. Part. 22, 78:

quid est pietas, nisi voluntas grata in parentes?

id. Planc. 33, 80:

justitiam cole et pietatem, quae cum sit magna in parentibus et propinquis, tum in patriā maxima est,

id. Rep. 6, 15, 15; cf.:

pietas, quae erga patriam aut parentes, aut alios sanguine conjunctos officium conservare monet,

id. Inv. 2, 22, 65; id. Rosc. Am. 13, 37:

pietas in matrem,

id. Lael. 3, 11; id. Att. 13, 39:

mi mater, tua pietas plane nobis auxilio fuit,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 122; cf.

v. 99: felix nati pietate,

Verg. A. 3, 480:

solemnia pietatis,

the last offices, Tac. Agr. 7:

egregium narras mirā pietate parentem,

Cat. 66, 29:

pietas erga aliquem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 1:

in aliquem,

id. ib. 1, 9, 1:

hic tui omnes valent summāque pietate te desiderant,

id. ib. 6, 20, 2:

nec publicae pietatis intererat, quid vocarere,

to the affection of the citizens, Plin. Pan. 21, 3:

militiae,

Luc. 4, 499.—Towards a husband (rare):

neque id (officium nostrum) magis facimus quam nos monet pietas,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 6; cf.:

scelus est pietas in conjuge Tereo,

Ov. M. 6, 635.—The formula PIETATIS CAVSA or EX PIETATE (opp. EX TESTAMENTO), in epitaphs, denotes that the heir raised the monument to the deceased, not because compelled by the latter's last will, but out of affection and respect, Inscr. Orell. 4692; Inscr. Fabr. p. 710, n. 314.—

Transf., in gen. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose).

Justice:

at tibi... pro talibus ausis Di, si qua est caelo pietas, quae talia curet, Persolvant grates dignas, etc.,

Verg. A. 2, 536; cf. Sil. 6, 410; so Verg. A. 5, 688:

summa deum pietas,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 1; cf. Liv. 4, 42.—

Gentleness, kindness, tenderness, pity, compassion:

permittite Patres Conscripti a pietate vestrā impetrari, ut damnatis liberum mortis arbitrium indulgeatis,

Suet. Dom. 11:

senatus,

Plin. Pan. 79, 4; Dig. 48, 9, 5.—In addressing a person:

mea pietas,

my kind friend, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 57.—

Pĭĕtas, personified, a goddess, Piety, who had two temples at Rome, Liv. 40, 34, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19; 2, 11, 28; id. Div. 1, 43, 98; Plin. 7, 36, 36, § 121; Val. Max. 5, 4, 7; Fest. p. 209 Müll.; Inscr. Orell. 1824 sq.; 3291.

Pĭĕtas, ātis, f., a Roman surname, Inscr. Marin. Atti, p. 329.—

Also, the name of a ship, Inscr. Orell. 3608.—

Pietas Julia, a Roman colony in Istria, the mod. Pola, Plin. 3, 19, 23, § 129.

pĭĕtas, ātis, f. [pius], dutiful conduct towards the gods, one's parents, relatives, benefactors, country, etc., sense of duty.

Lit.

With respect to the gods, piety:

est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 115; 1, 2, 3; cf.: aequitas tripartita dicitur esse;

una ad superos deos, altera ad manes, tertia ad homines pertinere. Prima pietas, secunda sanctitas, tertia justitia aut aequitas nominatur,

id. Top. 23, 90: pietas adversus deos, id. [p. 1375] Fin. 3, 22, 73:

deos placatos pietas efficiet et sanctitas,

id. Off. 2, 3, 11; id. Rep. 1, 2, 2:

senex fretus pietate deum,

Naev. B. Punic. 3, 1; Enn. ap. Non. 160, 2 (Trag. v. 369 Vahl.): nec pietas ulla est, velatum saepe videri Vortier ad lapidem atque omnes accedere ad aras, etc., that is not piety, to incline with veiled head to the marble, etc., Lucr. 5, 1198.—

Conscientiousness, scrupulousness, Ov. F. 6, 607.—So of love and duty towards God (eccl. Lat.;

freq.),

Vulg. 2 Macc. 3, 1; id. 2 Pet. 1, 6.— Plur., Vulg. 2 Pet. 3, 11.—

With respect to one's parents, children, relatives, country, benefactors, etc., duty, dutifulness, affection, love, loyalty, patriotism, gratitude, etc.: Pa. Salve, mi pater insperate. Tr. Volup est, quom istuc ex pietate vestrā nobis contigit, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 132:

patrem tuom si percoles per pietatem,

dutifully, id. Trin. 2, 2, 3:

justitia erga deos religio, erga parentes pietas nominatur,

Cic. Part. 22, 78:

quid est pietas, nisi voluntas grata in parentes?

id. Planc. 33, 80:

justitiam cole et pietatem, quae cum sit magna in parentibus et propinquis, tum in patriā maxima est,

id. Rep. 6, 15, 15; cf.:

pietas, quae erga patriam aut parentes, aut alios sanguine conjunctos officium conservare monet,

id. Inv. 2, 22, 65; id. Rosc. Am. 13, 37:

pietas in matrem,

id. Lael. 3, 11; id. Att. 13, 39:

mi mater, tua pietas plane nobis auxilio fuit,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 122; cf.

v. 99: felix nati pietate,

Verg. A. 3, 480:

solemnia pietatis,

the last offices, Tac. Agr. 7:

egregium narras mirā pietate parentem,

Cat. 66, 29:

pietas erga aliquem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 1:

in aliquem,

id. ib. 1, 9, 1:

hic tui omnes valent summāque pietate te desiderant,

id. ib. 6, 20, 2:

nec publicae pietatis intererat, quid vocarere,

to the affection of the citizens, Plin. Pan. 21, 3:

militiae,

Luc. 4, 499.—Towards a husband (rare):

neque id (officium nostrum) magis facimus quam nos monet pietas,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 6; cf.:

scelus est pietas in conjuge Tereo,

Ov. M. 6, 635.—The formula PIETATIS CAVSA or EX PIETATE (opp. EX TESTAMENTO), in epitaphs, denotes that the heir raised the monument to the deceased, not because compelled by the latter's last will, but out of affection and respect, Inscr. Orell. 4692; Inscr. Fabr. p. 710, n. 314.—

Transf., in gen. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose).

Justice:

at tibi... pro talibus ausis Di, si qua est caelo pietas, quae talia curet, Persolvant grates dignas, etc.,

Verg. A. 2, 536; cf. Sil. 6, 410; so Verg. A. 5, 688:

summa deum pietas,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 1; cf. Liv. 4, 42.—

Gentleness, kindness, tenderness, pity, compassion:

permittite Patres Conscripti a pietate vestrā impetrari, ut damnatis liberum mortis arbitrium indulgeatis,

Suet. Dom. 11:

senatus,

Plin. Pan. 79, 4; Dig. 48, 9, 5.—In addressing a person:

mea pietas,

my kind friend, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 57.—

Pĭĕtas, personified, a goddess, Piety, who had two temples at Rome, Liv. 40, 34, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19; 2, 11, 28; id. Div. 1, 43, 98; Plin. 7, 36, 36, § 121; Val. Max. 5, 4, 7; Fest. p. 209 Müll.; Inscr. Orell. 1824 sq.; 3291.

Pĭĕtas, ātis, f., a Roman surname, Inscr. Marin. Atti, p. 329.—

Also, the name of a ship, Inscr. Orell. 3608.—

Pietas Julia, a Roman colony in Istria, the mod. Pola, Plin. 3, 19, 23, § 129.

pīnus, ūs and i (dat. pinu, Prop. 3, 19, 19; abl. sing. only pinu; gen. and abl. plur. pinorum and pinis), f., = pitus.

Lit., a pine, pine-tree; a fir, fir-tree: Pinus silvestris, Linn.; Plin. 16, 20, 33, § 79; 16, 25, 40, § 95:

ex altā pinu,

Verg. G. 2, 389:

pinos loquentes,

id. E. 8, 22:

evertunt actas ad sidera pinus,

id. A. 11, 136:

Idaeae sacro de vertice pinus,

id. ib. 10, 230:

gummi in cerasis, resina pinis,

Plin. 37, 3, 11, § 42.—

The pine was sacred to Cybele,

Ov. M. 10, 103; Macr. S. 6, 9; Phaedr. 3, 17, 4;

to Diana,

Hor. C. 3, 22, 1; Prop. 2, 15, 17 (3, 12, 19);

Pan was represented with a pinewreath,

Ov. M. 14, 638; Sil. 13, 331; so,

too, Faunus,

Ov. H. 5, 137. The victors at the Isthmian games were also crowned with a pine-wreath, Plin. 15, 10, 9, § 36.—Acc. to the fable, Pitys, i. e. pinus, was beloved by Pan;

hence, pinus amica Arcadio deo,

Prop. 1, 18, 29 (20).—

The stone-pine, which bears an edible fruit, Plin. 16, 10, 16, § 38.—

Transf., any thing made of pine-wood or pine-trees.

A ship:

quos Mincius infestā ducebat in aequora pinu,

Verg. A. 10, 206; Hor. Epod. 16, 57:

quamvis Pontica pinus Silvae filia nobilis,

id. C. 1, 14, 11:

orbata praeside pinus,

Ov. M. 14, 88.—

A pine torch:

atque manum pinu flagranti fervidus implet,

Verg. A. 9, 72.—

A lance, spear, Stat. Th. 8, 539.—

An oar, Luc. 3, 531.—

A wreath of pineleaves, Ov. M. 14, 638; id. F. 1, 412; Sil. 13, 331.—

A pine forest:

Gallinaria pinus,

Juv. 3, 307.

praecursor, ōris, m. [id.], one who runs before.

A forerunner, precursor, of a servant, Plin. Pan. 76 fin.; one who precedes on the same path, Lact. 6, 7, 3.—

Esp.,

the forerunner of Christ, John the Baptist, Aug. Tract. in Johan. 4, 6; 4, 8.—

Trop.:

flos praecursor indolis bonae,

Nazar. Pan. Const. 3 med. —

In milit. lang., an advanced guard, vanguard, Liv. 26, 17 fin. —

Transf., a scout, spy (cf.:

emissarius, speculator),

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 108. [p. 1416]