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41 fonder
fonder [fɔ̃de]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. [+ ville, parti] to found ; [+ famille] to start• « maison fondée en 1850 » "Established 1850"b. ( = baser) to found• fonder tous ses espoirs sur qch/qn to pin all one's hopes on sth/sbc. ( = justifier) [+ réclamation] to justify2. reflexive verb* * *fɔ̃de
1.
1) ( créer) to found [ville, parti, journal]; to establish [prix, entreprise]fonder ses espoirs sur quelque chose/quelqu'un — to place one's hopes in something/somebody
2.
se fonder verbe pronominalse fonder sur — [théorie, méthode] to be based on; [personne] to go on
* * *fɔ̃de vt[institution] to foundfonder un foyer (= se marier) — to set up home
fonder qch sur [argumentation, logique] — to base sth on
* * *fonder verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( créer) to found [ville, parti, journal]; fonder une famille or un foyer to get married; le prix Nobel a été fondé en 1901 the Nobel prize was established in 1901; ‘maison fondée en 1920’ ‘established 1920’;2 ( baser) to base (sur on); il a fondé sa théorie sur Hegel he based his theory on Hegel; ma réflexion est fondée sur des faits my observation is based on fact; fonder ses espoirs sur qch/qn to place one's hopes in sth/sb.B se fonder vpr se fonder sur [théorie, méthode, stratégie] to be based on; [personne] to go on; je me fonde sur ce que je sais I'm going on what I know; sur quoi te fondes-tu? what have you got to go on?[fɔ̃de] verbe transitif1. [construire - empire, parti] to found‘maison fondée en 1930’ ‘Established 1930’3. [appuyer]4. [légitimer - réclamation, plainte] to justify————————se fonder sur verbe pronominal plus préposition1. [se prévaloir de] to base oneself on2. [remarque, théorie] to be based on -
42 pe ce?
on / for what? on what grounds? for what reason? -
43 podstaw|a
f 1. Budow., Szt. base- podstawa cementowa/marmurowa a. z cementu/marmuru a concrete/marble base- podstawa dźwigu/obrabiarki a crane/machine tool base- podstawa kolumny/pomnika a column/monument base2. (dolna część) base- podstawa czaszki Anat. skull base- podstawa chmur Meteo. cloud base- podstawa kwiatu Bot. flower shoot- podstawa łodygi Bot. stool- podstawa górskiego masywu Geol. the base of a mountain range3. (zasadniczy element) base, basis- obiektywna/trwała/krucha podstawa objective/solid/fragile basis- podstawy naukowe/prawne/materialne scientific/legal/financial basis- podstawa bytu/życia/działania the basis for existence/of life/for action- podstawy matematyki/angielskiego the rudiments of maths/English- leżeć/stać u podstaw a. stanowić podstawę czegoś to be fundamental- stanowić podstawę czegoś to form the basis for sth- służyć komuś za podstawę czegoś a. do czegoś to be sb’s basis for sth- mieć podstawę a. podstawy do czegoś to have grounds for sth- film na podstawie powieści Dumasa a film based on the novel by Dumas- na jakiej podstawie nas oskarżasz? on what grounds are you accusing us?- twierdzić coś nie bez podstaw to state sth not without reason- budować/zaczynać coś od podstaw to build/begin sth from scratch- podstawa słowotwórcza Jęz. root word4. Mat. base- podstawa trójkąta/równoległoboku/ostrosłupa the base of a triangle/parallelogram/pyramid- podstawa potęgi the base of a power- podstawa opodatkowania Ekon. taxation baseThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > podstaw|a
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44 milyen alapon?
on what score?, upon what grounds? -
45 на каком основании вы отказываетесь?
Makarov: on what grounds are you refusing?Универсальный русско-английский словарь > на каком основании вы отказываетесь?
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46 на каком почему вы отказываетесь?
General subject: on what grounds are you refusing?Универсальный русско-английский словарь > на каком почему вы отказываетесь?
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47 почему вы отказываетесь?
Makarov: on what grounds are you refusing?Универсальный русско-английский словарь > почему вы отказываетесь?
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48 Н-85
НЕСМОТРЯ НА TO ЧТО subord Conj, concessive) notwithstanding the fact thatdespite (in spite of, regardless of) the fact that(even) though (in limited contexts) ignoring the fact that....Вопрос об изнеженности, инфантильности или физическом вырождении сам по себе отпадает, несмотря на то, что она (княгиня) была чистокровным потомком сванских князей (Искандер 3)....The question of her being effete, infantile, or physically degenerate simply does not arise, despite the fact that she (the princess) was a full-blooded descendant of the princes of Svanetia (3a)....Припоминалась осада Трои, которая длилась целых десять лет, несмотря на то что в числе осаждавших были Ахиллес и Агамемнон (Салтыков-Щедрин 1)....He could not help thinking about the siege of Troy which had lasted ten whole years-even though Achilles and Agamemnon had been on the side of the besiegers (1b).Анатоль не отпускал англичанина, и, несмотря на то, что тот, кивая, давал знать, что он всё понял, Анатоль переводил ему слова Долохова по-английски (Толстой 4). Anatole did not release him, and though he (the Englishman) kept nodding to show that he understood, Anatole went on translating Dolokhov's words into English (4b).«На каком же основании вы были так щедры к господину Ракитину?» - подхватил Фетю-кович, несмотря на то, что председатель сильно шевелился (Достоевский 2). "And on what grounds were you so generous to Mr. Rakitin?" Fetyukovich picked up, ignoring the fact that the judge was stirring uneasily (2a) -
49 несмотря на то что
[subord Conj, concessive]=====⇒ notwithstanding the fact that:- despite (in spite of, regardless of) the fact that;- [in limited contexts] ignoring the fact that.♦...Вопрос об изнеженности, инфантильности или физическом вырождении сам по себе отпадает, несмотря на то, что она [княгиня] была чистокровным потомком сванских князей (Искандер 3)....The question of her being effete, infantile, or physically degenerate simply does not arise, despite the fact that she [the princess] was a full-blooded descendant of the princes of Svanetia (3a).♦...Припоминалась осада Трои, которая длилась целых десять лет, несмотря на то что в числе осаждавших были Ахиллес и Агамемнон (Салтыков-Щедрин 1)....He could not help thinking about the siege of Troy which had lasted ten whole years-even though Achilles and Agamemnon had been on the side of the besiegers (1b).♦ Анатоль не отпускал англичанина, и, несмотря на то, что тот, кивая, давал знать, что он всё понял, Анатоль переводил ему слова Долохова по-английски (Толстой 4). Anatole did not release him, and though he [the Englishman] kept nodding to show that he understood, Anatole went on translating Dolokhov's words into English (4b).♦ "На каком же основании вы были так щедры к господину Ракитину?" - подхватил Фетюкович, несмотря на то, что председатель сильно шевелился (Достоевский 2). 'And on what grounds were you so generous to Mr. Rakitin?" Fetyukovich picked up, ignoring the fact that the judge was stirring uneasily (2a)Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > несмотря на то что
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50 funda
f.1 cover.2 case, sleeve, slipcase, sheath.3 pillowslip, pillow slip.4 cap, artificial covering made for a tooth.pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: fundar.pres.subj.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: fundir.imperat.2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: fundar.* * *1 (flexible) cover2 (rígida) case3 (de arma blanca) sheath4 (de disco) sleeve\funda de almohada pillowcasefunda de colchón mattress cover* * *noun f.case, cover* * *SF1) [gen] case, cover; [de disco] sleevefunda de almohada — pillowcase, pillowslip
funda de gafas — spectacles case, glasses case
funda protectora del disco — (Inform) disk cover
2) (=bolsa) small bag, holdall3) [de diente] cap4) * (=condón) French letter5) Col (=falda) skirt* * *b) ( de raqueta) cover; (de cojín, sillón) coverc) tbfunda de almohada — pillowcase, pillowslip
d) (Odont) cap* * *= book jacket, dust cover, dust jacket [dust-jacket], jacket, sleeve, protective sleeve, slipcover, slipcase, cover, scabbard.Ex. The printed wrappers of paper or the like placed over the cover of a document at the time of its publication are known as the book jacket.Ex. The printed wrappers of paper or the like placed over the cover of a document at the time of its publication are known as the book jacket or dust cover.Ex. Whoever cataloged it at LC, and I'm willing to bet it happened elsewhere too, probably didn't get much beyond the dust jacket where there was a big clue about something special to the book.Ex. A jacket or sleeve is a protective envelope for a sound disc, made of cardboard or paper.Ex. A jacket or sleeve is a protective envelope for a sound disc, made of cardboard or paper.Ex. Also, this system is very sensitive to contamination of the surface of the disc and requires that the disc be kept in a protective sleeve, or 'caddie', at all times.Ex. This section discusses design and construction techniques for making slipcovers, draperies, bedspreads, and coverlets.Ex. The text of each entry supplies appropriate bibliographic information, including paper description, typeface, and notation where applicable, to prospectuses, illustrations, dustjackets, and slipcases.Ex. Thus, for instance, a title statement will be extracted from a title page, and not from the cover or the spine.Ex. The sultan requited the king of China's present by sending him ten swords with scabbards encrusted in pearls.----* con funda = jacketed.* cubierto por una funda de plástico = plastic-covered.* funda de almohada = pillow case.* funda de asidero = handle grip.* funda de CD-ROM = jewel case, jewel box.* funda de cojín = cushion cover.* funda de colchón = mattress protector.* funda de disco = record sleeve.* funda de manillar = handle grip.* funda de papel = paper jacket.* funda de pistola = holster.* funda de plástico = plastic jacket, plastic coverup.* funda de un disco = record cover.* inserto en funda = jacketed.* para hacer fundas = sleeving.* título de la funda = sleeve title.* * *b) ( de raqueta) cover; (de cojín, sillón) coverc) tbfunda de almohada — pillowcase, pillowslip
d) (Odont) cap* * *= book jacket, dust cover, dust jacket [dust-jacket], jacket, sleeve, protective sleeve, slipcover, slipcase, cover, scabbard.Ex: The printed wrappers of paper or the like placed over the cover of a document at the time of its publication are known as the book jacket.
Ex: The printed wrappers of paper or the like placed over the cover of a document at the time of its publication are known as the book jacket or dust cover.Ex: Whoever cataloged it at LC, and I'm willing to bet it happened elsewhere too, probably didn't get much beyond the dust jacket where there was a big clue about something special to the book.Ex: A jacket or sleeve is a protective envelope for a sound disc, made of cardboard or paper.Ex: A jacket or sleeve is a protective envelope for a sound disc, made of cardboard or paper.Ex: Also, this system is very sensitive to contamination of the surface of the disc and requires that the disc be kept in a protective sleeve, or 'caddie', at all times.Ex: This section discusses design and construction techniques for making slipcovers, draperies, bedspreads, and coverlets.Ex: The text of each entry supplies appropriate bibliographic information, including paper description, typeface, and notation where applicable, to prospectuses, illustrations, dustjackets, and slipcases.Ex: Thus, for instance, a title statement will be extracted from a title page, and not from the cover or the spine.Ex: The sultan requited the king of China's present by sending him ten swords with scabbards encrusted in pearls.* con funda = jacketed.* cubierto por una funda de plástico = plastic-covered.* funda de almohada = pillow case.* funda de asidero = handle grip.* funda de CD-ROM = jewel case, jewel box.* funda de cojín = cushion cover.* funda de colchón = mattress protector.* funda de disco = record sleeve.* funda de manillar = handle grip.* funda de papel = paper jacket.* funda de pistola = holster.* funda de plástico = plastic jacket, plastic coverup.* funda de un disco = record cover.* inserto en funda = jacketed.* para hacer fundas = sleeving.* título de la funda = sleeve title.* * *2 (de una raqueta) cover3 (de un cojín) cover; (de un sillón) (loose) cover4tb funda de almohada pillowcase, pillowslip5 ( Odont) cap* * *
Del verbo fundar: ( conjugate fundar)
funda es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Del verbo fundir: ( conjugate fundir)
funda es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
funda
fundar
fundir
funda sustantivo femenino
( de disco) sleeve
c) tb
d) (Odont) cap
fundar ( conjugate fundar) verbo transitivo
‹partido/empresa› to establish
fundarse verbo pronominal fundase en algo [afirmación/sospecha] to be based on sth;◊ ¿en qué te fundas para decirlo? what grounds do you have for saying that?
fundir ( conjugate fundir) verbo transitivo
1
‹ mineral› to smelt
2 (Elec) to blow
3 ( fusionar) to merge
fundirse verbo pronominal
1 [ metal] to melt;
[nieve/hielo] to melt, thaw
2 (Elec):◊ se ha fundido la bombilla the bulb has gone (colloq);
se fundieron los fusibles the fuses blew
3 ( fusionarse) [empresas/partidos] to merge;
fundase en algo to merge sth into sth
funda sustantivo femenino cover
(de gafas, reloj) case
(de un cuchillo) sheath
fundar verbo transitivo
1 (un negocio, una institución) to found
2 (una sospecha, una teoría) to base, found: tengo una fundada sospecha de que no me estás diciendo todo, I have a well-founded suspician that you're not telling me everything
fundir verbo transitivo
1 (derretir) to melt
2 (fusionar, unir) to unite, join
3 (una bombilla, un plomo) to blow
' funda' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
estirón
- vaina
- cubierta
- quitar
English:
cap
- case
- cover
- pillowcase
- sheath
- sleeve
- cushion
- holder
- holster
- jacket
- liner
- pillow
* * *funda nf1. [de sofá] cover;funda de almohada pillowcase2. [de máquina de escribir, guitarra, raqueta] cover;[de gafas] pouch3. [de disco] sleeve4. [de diente] cap* * *funda portadocumentos credit card holder* * *funda nf1) : case, cover, sheath2) : pillowcase* * *funda n1. (de cojín, raqueta, etc) cover2. (de gafas, almohada) case3. (de disco) sleeve -
51 fundado
adj.founded, based, justified.past part.past participle of spanish verb: fundar.* * *► adjetivo1 firm, well-founded, justified\mal fundado,-a ill-founded* * *ADJ (=justificado) well-founded, justified* * *- da adjetivo <temor/sospecha> justified, well founded* * *= informed.Ex. Even more reprehensible than the unsupported recollection is the guess, however well informed.----* bien fundado = well-justified, well-formulated.* sospecha fundada = reasonable suspicion.* * *- da adjetivo <temor/sospecha> justified, well founded* * *= informed.Ex: Even more reprehensible than the unsupported recollection is the guess, however well informed.
* bien fundado = well-justified, well-formulated.* sospecha fundada = reasonable suspicion.* * *fundado -da‹temor/sospecha› justified, well foundedsus sospechas no eran fundadas his suspicions were unfounded o not justifiedno tenían motivos fundados para detenerlo they had no justifiable reason for detaining himsus temores son fundados his fears are justified o well founded* * *
Del verbo fundar: ( conjugate fundar)
fundado es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
fundado
fundar
fundado
fundar ( conjugate fundar) verbo transitivo
‹partido/empresa› to establish
fundarse verbo pronominal fundadose en algo [afirmación/sospecha] to be based on sth;◊ ¿en qué te fundas para decirlo? what grounds do you have for saying that?
fundar verbo transitivo
1 (un negocio, una institución) to found
2 (una sospecha, una teoría) to base, found: tengo una fundada sospecha de que no me estás diciendo todo, I have a well-founded suspician that you're not telling me everything
' fundado' also found in these entries:
English:
well-founded
- informed
- tenuous
- well
* * *fundado, -a adj1. [argumento, idea] well-founded;sus temores no son fundados his fears are groundless2. [creado, establecido] founded* * *fundado, -da adj: well-founded, justified -
52 fundarse
1 (crearse) to be founded2 (teoría, afirmación) to be based (en, on); (persona) to base oneself (en, on)* * *VPR1) [institución, asociación, ciudad, revista] to be founded; [+ partido] to be founded, be established, be set up2) (=basarse)fundarse en — [teoría] to be based on, be founded on; [persona] to base o.s. on
* * *(v.) = come into + existenceEx. Some university libraries have been built up over the centuries; others have come into existence over the last 40 years.* * *(v.) = come into + existenceEx: Some university libraries have been built up over the centuries; others have come into existence over the last 40 years.
* * *
■fundarse verbo reflexivo
1 (establecimiento) to be founded
2 (una sospecha, teoría) to be based
(persona) to base oneself
' fundarse' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
estribar
- apoyar
- fundar
English:
start
* * *vpr1. [basarse] to be based (en on);¿en qué te fundas para decir eso? what grounds do you have for saying that?;su conclusión se funda en los resultados de su investigación her conclusion is based on the results of her research2. [crearse, establecerse] to be founded;en esa reunión se fundaron las bases de la Unión Europea at that meeting the foundations were laid for the European Union* * *v/r be based (en on)* * *vrfundarse en : to be based on, to stem from -
53 fundo
m.1 a large estate.2 rustic farm, country state.pres.indicat.1 1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: fundir.2 1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: fundir.* * ** * *masculino (Chi) country estate, large farm* * *masculino (Chi) country estate, large farm* * *(Chi, Per)country estate, large farm* * *
Del verbo fundar: ( conjugate fundar)
fundo es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
fundó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Del verbo fundir: ( conjugate fundir)
fundo es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
Multiple Entries:
fundar
fundir
fundo
fundar ( conjugate fundar) verbo transitivo
‹partido/empresa› to establish
fundarse verbo pronominal fundose en algo [afirmación/sospecha] to be based on sth;◊ ¿en qué te fundas para decirlo? what grounds do you have for saying that?
fundir ( conjugate fundir) verbo transitivo
1
‹ mineral› to smelt
2 (Elec) to blow
3 ( fusionar) to merge
fundirse verbo pronominal
1 [ metal] to melt;
[nieve/hielo] to melt, thaw
2 (Elec):◊ se ha fundido la bombilla the bulb has gone (colloq);
se fundieron los fusibles the fuses blew
3 ( fusionarse) [empresas/partidos] to merge;
fundose en algo to merge sth into sth
fundo sustantivo masculino (Chi) country estate, large farm
fundar verbo transitivo
1 (un negocio, una institución) to found
2 (una sospecha, una teoría) to base, found: tengo una fundada sospecha de que no me estás diciendo todo, I have a well-founded suspician that you're not telling me everything
fundir verbo transitivo
1 (derretir) to melt
2 (fusionar, unir) to unite, join
3 (una bombilla, un plomo) to blow
' fundo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
Cristo
English:
be
- found
- farm
- farmer
* * *fundo nmDer rural property -
54 funda
Del verbo fundar: ( conjugate fundar) \ \
funda es: \ \3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativoDel verbo fundir: ( conjugate fundir) \ \
funda es: \ \1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativoMultiple Entries: funda fundar fundir
funda sustantivo femenino ( de disco) sleevec) tbd) (Odont) cap
fundar ( conjugate fundar) verbo transitivo ‹partido/empresa› to establish fundarse verbo pronominal fundase en algo [afirmación/sospecha] to be based on sth;◊ ¿en qué te fundas para decirlo? what grounds do you have for saying that?
fundir ( conjugate fundir) verbo transitivo 1 ‹ mineral› to smelt 2 (Elec) to blow 3 ( fusionar) to merge fundirse verbo pronominal 1 [ metal] to melt; [nieve/hielo] to melt, thaw 2 (Elec):◊ se ha fundido la bombilla the bulb has gone (colloq);se fundieron los fusibles the fuses blew 3 ( fusionarse) [empresas/partidos] to merge; fundase en algo to merge sth into sth
funda sustantivo femenino cover (de gafas, reloj) case (de un cuchillo) sheath
fundar verbo transitivo
1 (un negocio, una institución) to found
2 (una sospecha, una teoría) to base, found: tengo una fundada sospecha de que no me estás diciendo todo, I have a well-founded suspician that you're not telling me everything
fundir verbo transitivo
1 (derretir) to melt
2 (fusionar, unir) to unite, join
3 (una bombilla, un plomo) to blow ' funda' also found in these entries: Spanish: estirón - vaina - cubierta - quitar English: cap - case - cover - pillowcase - sheath - sleeve - cushion - holder - holster - jacket - liner - pillow -
55 fundado
Del verbo fundar: ( conjugate fundar) \ \
fundado es: \ \el participioMultiple Entries: fundado fundar
fundado
fundar ( conjugate fundar) verbo transitivo ‹partido/empresa› to establish fundarse verbo pronominal fundadose en algo [afirmación/sospecha] to be based on sth;◊ ¿en qué te fundas para decirlo? what grounds do you have for saying that?
fundar verbo transitivo
1 (un negocio, una institución) to found
2 (una sospecha, una teoría) to base, found: tengo una fundada sospecha de que no me estás diciendo todo, I have a well-founded suspician that you're not telling me everything ' fundado' also found in these entries: English: well-founded - informed - tenuous - well -
56 fundar
fundar ( conjugate fundar) verbo transitivo ‹partido/empresa› to establish fundarse verbo pronominal fundarse en algo [afirmación/sospecha] to be based on sth;◊ ¿en qué te fundas para decirlo? what grounds do you have for saying that?
fundar verbo transitivo
1 (un negocio, una institución) to found
2 (una sospecha, una teoría) to base, found: tengo una fundada sospecha de que no me estás diciendo todo, I have a well-founded suspician that you're not telling me everything ' fundar' also found in these entries: Spanish: constituir English: base - establish - found - institute - launch - start - ground -
57 fundo
Del verbo fundar: ( conjugate fundar) \ \
fundo es: \ \1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
fundó es: \ \3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativoDel verbo fundir: ( conjugate fundir) \ \
fundo es: \ \1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativoMultiple Entries: fundar fundir fundo
fundar ( conjugate fundar) verbo transitivo ‹partido/empresa› to establish fundarse verbo pronominal fundose en algo [afirmación/sospecha] to be based on sth;◊ ¿en qué te fundas para decirlo? what grounds do you have for saying that?
fundir ( conjugate fundir) verbo transitivo 1 ‹ mineral› to smelt 2 (Elec) to blow 3 ( fusionar) to merge fundirse verbo pronominal 1 [ metal] to melt; [nieve/hielo] to melt, thaw 2 (Elec):◊ se ha fundido la bombilla the bulb has gone (colloq);se fundieron los fusibles the fuses blew 3 ( fusionarse) [empresas/partidos] to merge; fundose en algo to merge sth into sth
fundo sustantivo masculino (Chi) country estate, large farm
fundar verbo transitivo
1 (un negocio, una institución) to found
2 (una sospecha, una teoría) to base, found: tengo una fundada sospecha de que no me estás diciendo todo, I have a well-founded suspician that you're not telling me everything
fundir verbo transitivo
1 (derretir) to melt
2 (fusionar, unir) to unite, join
3 (una bombilla, un plomo) to blow ' fundo' also found in these entries: Spanish: Cristo English: be - found - farm - farmer -
58 suspect
1 ეჭვმიტანილი პიროვნება2 ეჭვის მიტანა (ეჭვს მიიტანს)I suspected him of lying ეჭვი გამიჩნდა, რომ ტყუოდა3 ეჭვის / გუმანის ქონა●●I suspected as much ასეც მეგონა / ვგრძნობდიthey little suspect that… ეჭვიც არა აქვთ, რომ... -
59 обосновать
см. тж. обоснованностьПредседатель обосновал, чем он руководствовался, выдвигая эту кандидатуру (из интервью на радио «Эхо Москвы»). — The chairman explained why he had nominated this candidate.
...обосновал кандидатуру, высказал свои аргументы в пользу этой кандидатуры —...explained the nomination and argued in favor of the candidate менее предпочтителен вариант gave/offered his reasons/arguments in favor of the candidate
обоснованный отказ — a (well/properly) justified refusal, a refusal with an explanation.
необоснованный — unjustified, unwarranted
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60 Contumelia
con-tŭmēlĭa (post-class. access. form contŭmĭa, Mart. Cap. 4, § 424; cf.: contumia contumelia, Gloss. Isid.), ae, f. [from a root tem, whence also temno, contemno, and contumax; cf. Dig. 47, 10, 1], abuse, insult, affront, reproach, invective, contumely (cf.: injuria, hubris; very freq. and class. in sing. and plur.):* II.contumelia a contemptu dicta est, quia nemo nisi quem contempsit, tali injuriā notat,
Sen. Const. 11, 2: patior facile injuriam, si est vacua a contumeliā, Pac. ap. Non. p. 430, 16; cf.Caecil. ib.: contumeliam alteri facere,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 82; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 79; cf. id. Eun. 5, 2, 26:contumeliam dicere alicui,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 17; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 33; Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 29; Liv. 25, 22, 13:contumeliam si dicis, audies,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 77:jacere in aliquem,
Cic. Sull. 7, 23:meretricum perpeti,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 3; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 96:in se accipere,
Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 1; cf.:tanta contumelia accepta,
Caes. B. G. 7, 10:alicui imponere,
Sall. C. 48, 9:quibus tu privatim injurias plurimas contumeliasque imposuisti,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 20:indignitates contumeliasque perferre,
Caes. B. G. 2, 14: graves, severe reproaches (opp. libera consilia), Hor. Epod. 11, 26:aliquid in suam contumeliam vertere,
Caes. B. C. 1, 8:per contumeliam,
id. ib. 1, 9; Quint. 4, 1, 11:contumeliā perfugae appellari ab aliquo,
Caes. B. C. 2, 28; cf. Liv. 3, 50, 6 et saep.:in contumeliam ignominiamque nostram certare juvat,
id. 4, 4, 12:contumeliae verborum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5.—In mal. part., violation, Liv. 8, 28, 2; Auct. Har. Resp. 20, 42.—The expression facere contumeliam is censured by Cic. (Phil. 3, 9, 22) in the words of Antonius: nulla contumelia est, quam facit dignus; but it is not clear on what grounds (whether as an archaism, or because it is used after the analogy of jacturam facere, in the sense of contumelia adfici); v. Quint. 9, 3, 13, and cf. esp. Gronov. Observv. 3, 8, pp. 488-502 (pp. 241-247 Frotsch.).—Personified: Contŭmē-lĭa, like Hubris, Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28.—Transf., injury, assault, annoyance, violence, blows, etc. ( = injuria):naves totae factae ex robore ad quamvis vim et contumeliam perferendam,
injury, violence, Caes. B. G. 3, 13; so Phaedr. 1, 2, 21:praeberi ora contumeliis,
to the blows, Tac. H. 3, 31; 3, 85:debilitatis suae,
annoyance, hardship, Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 9; cf. injuria.
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