on+the+other+hand

brĕvis, e, adj. (abl. breve, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 2; comp. abl. breviore, Ov. Am. 2, 17, 22) [cf. brachus, Fest. p. 26], short, little, of small extent, in space and time (opp. longus; in space, in good class. prose, diff. from parvus, which designates that which fills a small space in length, breadth, and thickness; while brevis is used only of length in its different directions of breadth, height, or depth; and even of a circle, as merely a line, and without reference to the space enclosed, v. infra. In poets and postAug. prose brevis sometimes = parvus).

Lit., in space.

In distance, extent, short, little, small, narrow (opp. latus), Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:

brevior via,

Nep. Eum. 8, 5; Tib. 1, 10, 4:

via brevis,

Verg. E. 9, 23; Ov. M. 5, 253; Juv. 14, 223:

cursus brevissimus,

Verg. A. 3, 507:

brevius iter,

Ov. P. 1, 4, 32:

cursu brevissimus Almo,

id. M. 14, 329:

quid mihi, quod lato non separor aequore, prodest? Num minus haec nobis tam brevis obstat aqua?

so narrow a stream, id. H. 18, 174; cf.

also brevis unda, opp. latum mare,

id. ib. 19, 141 and 142:

non Asiam brevioris aquae disterminat usquam fluctus ab Europā,

Luc. 9, 957 (strictioris, Schol.); cf. id. 9, 317:

brevissima terra,

Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 2:

in Euboico scopulus brevis emicat altō Gurgite,

a small, narrow rock, Ov. M. 9, 226:

brevibus Gyaris,

Juv. 1, 73:

scis In breve te cogi (sc. libellum),

that you are closely rolled together, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8:

quo brevius valent,

the nearer, the more powerful are they in conflict, Tac. A. 6, 35.—

Trop. of the journey of life:

quid est, quod in hoc tam exiguo vitae curriculo et tam brevi tantis nos in laboribus exerceamus?

Cic. Arch. 11, 28; cf.:

vitae brevis cursus, gloriae sempiternus,

id. Sest. 21, 47:

tum brevior dirae mortis aperta via est,

Tib. 1, 10, 4.—And poet. of the thread of life:

fila vitae breviora,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 46. —

In height, short, small, low (opp. altus and sometimes longus);

of the human figure: sed sedebat judex L. Aurifex, brevior ipse quam testis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 60, 245:

ut statura breves in digitos eriguntur,

Quint. 2, 3, 8:

forma,

Ov. M. 5, 457:

(puella) longa brevisque,

id. Am. 2, 4, 36:

brevis corpore,

Suet. Galb. 3;

id. Vit. Hor.—Of a maiden changed to a boy: et incomptis brevior mensura capillis,

Ov. M. 9, 789.—

Of other things: ut pleraque Alpium ab Italiā sicut breviora, ita arrectiora sunt,

lower, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

brevior ilex,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 1641:

mus,

little, Ov. F. 2, 574. —

In depth, small, little, shallow (opp. profundus):

puteus,

Juv. 3, 226:

vada,

Verg. A. 5, 221; Sen. Agam. 570.—Hence, subst.: brĕvia, ium, n., as in Gr. ta brachea, shallow places, shallows, shoals:

tris Eurus ab alto In brevia et syrtis urget,

Verg. A. 1, 111 (brevia vadosa dicit, per quae vadi pedibus potest, Serv.); Luc. 9, 338: neque discerni poterant incerta ab solidis, brevia a profundis, Tac. A. 1, 70:

brevia litorum,

id. ib. 6, 33 fin. —Perh. also in sing.:

breve,

Tac. A. 14, 29 Draeg. ad loc. (Ritter, brevia; al. breve litus).—

Trop.:

brevia, in quibus volutatur, incerta, ancipitia,

difficulties, Sen. Ep. 22, 7.—

Of the line of a circle:

ubi circulus (i.e. arcticus) axem Ultimus extremum spatioque brevissimus ambit,

makes the shortest path, Ov. M. 2, 517; cf.

of similar orbits, of stars: absides breviores,

Plin. 2. 15, 13, §

63.—Of the circular course of a horse on the track: discit gyro breviore flecti,

Sen. Hippol. 314. —

Transf., of time.

Lit. (the usu. signif. of the word), short, brief, small, little.

In gen.:

quanto, nox, fuisti longior hac proxumā, Tanto brevior dies ut fiat faciam,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 51:

breve spatium'st perferundi quae minitas mihi,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 85:

brevis hora,

Lucr. 4, 179; so Ov. M. 4, 696: Pa. Brevin' an longinquo sermone? Mi. Tribus verbis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 30:

occasio,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 57; Phaedr. 5, 8, 5:

brevis hic est fructus homulleis,

short is this enjoyment for little men, Lucr. 3, 927; cf.:

MORS. PERFECIT. TVA. VT. TIBE. ESSENT. OMNIA. BREVIA. HONOS. FAMA. VIRTVSQVE. GLORIA. ATQVE. INGENIVM.,

Inscr. Orell. 558:

omnia brevia tolerabilia esse debent,

Cic. Lael. 27, 104; id. Fin. 1, 12, 40; 2, 29, 94; id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94; Sen. Ira, 3, 43, 5:

quoniam vita brevis est, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,

Sall. C. 1, 3; so,

vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 15; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 6:

aut omnia breviora aliquanto fuere, aut Saguntum principio anni captum,

occupied a shorter time, Liv. 21, 15, 5:

brevissimum tempus,

id. 5, 6, 7:

detrimentum,

Quint. 11, 1, 10:

arbitrium mortis,

Tac. A. 15, 60:

breves populi Romani amores,

id. ib. 2, 41:

tempus,

Suet. Ner. 20 al.:

nobis quom semel occidit brevis lux, nox est perpetua una dormienda,

Cat. 5, 5:

fructus,

Lucr. 3, 914:

aevum,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 17; id. S. 2, 6, 97; id. Ep. 2, 1, 144; Plin. Pan. 78, 2:

anni,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 22:

ver,

Ov. M. 1, 118; 10, 85:

flores rosae,

quickly withering, short-lived, Hor. C. 2, 3, 13:

lilium,

id. ib. 1, 36, 16:

cena,

frugal, id. Ep. 1, 14, 35:

mensa,

id. A. P. 198:

dominus,

living but a short time, id. C. 2, 14, 24:

stultitia,

id. ib. 4, 12, 27:

ira furor brevis est,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 62:

actio brevis atque concisa,

Quint. 6, 4, 2:

somnus,

Sen. Troad. 441:

nec gratius quicquam decore nec brevius,

nothing is more acceptable, but nothing more perishable, fading, than beauty, Suet. Dom. 18:

domus,

Sen. Hippol. 762:

fortuna,

Sil. 4, 734.—

Esp.

Comp. brevius, with subj. clause, shorter, i.e. easier, more convenient:

brevius visum urbana crimina incipi, quorum obvii testes erant,

Tac. A. 13, 43: modo ne existimes brevius esse ab urbe mitti, Trag. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 40 (49), 3.—

In brevi spatio, brevi spatio, in brevi tempore, brevi tempore, and absol. brevi or in brevi, in a short time, shortly (before or after) (brevi tempore and brevi are class.; the latter, as in Gr. en brachei, to be considered as neuter, without supplying tempore):

inque brevi spatio mutantur saecla animantum,

Lucr. 2, 77; so Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Ner. 30; cf.:

in multo breviore temporis spatio,

id. Aug. 22:

multa brevi spatio simulacra geruntur,

Lucr. 4, 160; Sall. J. 87, 3:

spatio brevi,

Hor. C. 1, 11, 6:

res publica per vos brevi tempore jus suum recuperabit,

Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; 5, 21, 2; id. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 11; Nep. Milt. 2, 1; id. Them. 1, 4; Suet. Caes. 3:

sic ille affectus, brevi postea est mortuus,

soon after, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142 (Zumpt;

acc. to MSS. perbrevi).—So brevi post = paulo post: brevi post Marcellus Romam venit,

Liv. 33, 37, 9; 24, 3, 14:

brevi deinde,

id. 24, 4, 9: (Britanni) tantum usu cotidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti in declivi ac praecipiti loco incitatos equos sustinere et brevi ( in a short time, i.e. with great rapidity) moderari ac flectere consuerint, Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin. Herz. and Held.:

fama tanti facinoris per omnem Africam brevi divolgatur,

Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Them. 4, 4:

mirantur tam brevi rem Romanam crevisse,

Liv. 1, 9, 9:

brevi omnia subegit,

Suet. Caes. 34; so id. Aug. 17; 65; id. Vesp. 5; id. Gram. 3; Gell. 1, 15, 18: scire in brevi, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.; Flor. 1, 1, 15.—

Brevi, a short time, a little while: [p. 251] cunctatusque brevi, contortam viribus hastam in Persea misit, Ov. M. 5, 32; cf.:

illa brevi spatio silet,

id. ib. 7, 307; so,

* breve,

Cat. 61, 187.—

Ad breve, for a short time, Suet. Tib. 68; cf.:

ad breve quoddam tempus,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31.—

Transf. to things done or taking place in a short time; so most freq.

Of discourse, short, brief, concise (most freq. in Cic. and Quint.):

narratio,

Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 28; id. de Or. 3, 50, 196: laudatio;

comprehensio et ambitus ille verborum erat apud illum contractus et brevis,

id. Brut. 44, 162; cf. id. de Or. 2, 80, 326:

nunc venio ad illa tua brevia: et primum illud, quo nihil potest esse brevius: bonum omne laudabile, etc.,

id. Fin. 4, 18, 48:

quam falsa re! quam brevia responsu!

id. Clu. 59, 164: urbanitas est virtus quaedam in breve dictum coacta, Dom. Mars. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 104:

Homerus brevem eloquentiam Menelao dedit,

Quint. 12, 10, 64 (brevis = ou polumuthos, Hom. Il. 3, 214):

breviores commentarii,

Quint. 3, 8, 58:

annotatio,

id. 10, 7, 31:

brevia illa atque concisa,

id. 10, 7, 10; so,

sententiae,

id. 10, 1, 60:

causae,

id. 6, 1, 8:

docendi compendia,

id. 1, 1, 24:

comprehensiones,

id. 12, 2, 19:

quod ut brevissimo pateat exemplo,

id. 3, 6, 10: commendatio, requiring few words, i.e. moderate, Plin. 11, 42, 97, § 240.— Meton. of a speaker or orator, brief:

multos imitatio brevitatis decipit, ut cum se breves putent esse, longissimi sint,

Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 38:

brevior in scribendo,

id. Att. 5, 6, 2:

brevis esse laboro, Obscurus fio,

Hor. A. P. 25:

in eloquendo brevis,

Quint. 10, 1, 63:

densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides,

id. 10, 1, 73.—Hence, brĕvī, adv., briefly, in few words (freq. and class.):

brevi pro breviter M. Tullius de Orat. ad Quintum fratrem (1, 8, 34): ac ne plura quidem quae sunt innumerabilia consecter, comprehendam brevi,

Charis. p. 176 P.:

id percurram brevi,

Cic. Caecin. 32, 94:

aliquid explicare,

id. Planc. 40, 95 Wund.:

circumscribere et definire,

id. Sest. 45, 97; so id. ib. 5, 12 Orell. N. cr.; id. Fin. 1, 17, 55:

complecti,

id. de Or. 1, 42, 190:

exponere,

id. ib. 1, 46, 203:

reprehendere,

id. Inv. 1, 9, 12:

reddere,

id. Leg. 2, 14, 34:

respondere,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

perscribere,

id. ib. 4, 5, 1; so Auct. Her. 4, 26, 35; 35, 47 al.; cf.:

in brevi,

Quint. 9, 4, 32.—So once in epistolary style: breve facere, to be short or brief:

quid scribam? breve faciam,

Cic. Att. 11, 7, 6; cf.:

longum est ea dicere, sed hoc breve dicam,

id. Sest. 5, 12.—Once, in breve cogere (diff. from I. A.), to comprise in few words, bring into a small compass:

in breve coactae causae,

Liv. 39, 47, 5; cf.:

in breve coactio causae,

Gai. Inst. 4, 15.— In late Lat. subst.: brĕvis, is, m. (sc. liber—acc. to another reading, brĕve, is, n.), a short catalogue, summary, = breviarium:

brevis nominum,

Vop. Aur. 36; so id. Bonos. 15; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 21; Hier. Ep. 5, n. 2 al.—

Of a short syllable;

rarely as adj.: Syllaba longa brevi subjecta vocatur iambus,

Hor. A. P. 251:

a brevis, gre brevis, faciet tamen longam priorem,

Quint. 9, 4, 86 et saep.—More freq. subst.: brĕvis, is, f. (sc. syllaba):

dactylus, qui est e longā et duabus brevibus,

Cic. Or. 64, 217 sq.:

in fine pro longā accipi brevem,

Quint. 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 86:

plurimum habent celeritatis breves,

id. 9, 4, 91.—

Hence also once of a syllable long by position, but pronounced short: indoctus dicimus brevi primā litterā, insanus productā: inhumanus brevi, infelix longā,

Cic. Or. 48, 159 Meyer N. cr.; cf. Gell. 2, 17 sqq., and Schütz Lex. Cic. s. v. brevis.—

For parvus, exiguus, little, small:

exigua pars brevisque,

Lucr. 5, 591:

Canidia brevibus implicata viperis,

Hor. Epod. 5, 15:

Alecto brevibus torquata colubris,

Ov. H. 2, 119:

brevi latere ac pede longo est,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 93; cf.

just before: breve quod caput, ardua cervix, v. 89, and brevis alvus,

Verg. G. 3, 80 (on the other hand, Nemes. 244:

parvae alvi): mus,

Ov. F. 2, 574:

forma (sc. pueri in stellionem mutati),

id. M. 5, 457.—

So, lapathi herba,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 29 (brevis = parva, non excrescens in altum, Schol. Cruqu.):

folia breviora,

id. Ep. 1, 19, 26 (minor corona, Schol. Cruqu.):

census,

id. C. 2, 15, 13:

pondus,

id. S. 2, 2, 37:

impensa,

Ov. H. 7, 188 Ruhnk.:

sigillum,

id. M. 6, 86:

insulae,

Pall. 1, 28, 1; cf. Juv. 1, 73: vasculum, Pall. Apr. 8, 4:

offulae,

id. 1, 29, 4:

pantheris in candido breves macularum oculi,

Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62.—With nom. abstr.:

breve in exiguo marmore nomen ero,

Prop. 2, 1, 72; Sen. Oedip. 935.—So, pondus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 37 al.—Hence, brĕ-vĭter, adv., shortly, briefly, etc.

Of space (acc. to I.) (rare): seu libeat, curvo brevius convertere gyro, shorter, i. e. in a smaller circle, Tib. 4, 1, 94:

parvo brevius quam totus,

a little less than the whole, Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 168:

Sarmatae, omisso arcu, quo brevius valent, contis gladiisque ruerent,

Tac. A. 6, 35.—Far more freq. in prose and poetry,

(Acc. to II. A. b. and c.) Of time, in a short time.

In gen.:

iratum breviter vites, inimicum diu, Publ. Syr. v. 249 Rib.: sapiens, cum breviter et strictim colore atque vultu motus est,

Gell. 19, 1, 20.—

Esp.

In expression, briefly, in brief, in few words, concisely, summarily:

sed breviter paucis praestat comprendere multa,

Lucr. 6, 1082: multa breviter et commode dicta (sc. apophthegmata; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104) memoriae mandabam, Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

rem totam breviter cognoscite,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 169; 2, 3, 27, § 67; so id. de Or. 2, 83, 340:

summatim breviterque describere,

id. Or. 15, 50:

breviter tangere,

id. Off. 3, 2, 8 Beier N. cr.:

breviter et modice disserere,

Sall. J. 111, 1:

adicere aliquid,

Quint. 9, 3, 100; cf. also Verg. A. 2, 11; 4, 632; 6, 321; Ov. M. 2, 783:

omnia soli Forsan Pacuvio breviter dabit (i.e. paucis testamenti verbis, quibus heres ex asse scribetur),

Juv. 12, 125 Web. (cf. id. 1, 68: beatum exiguis tabulis).— Comp., Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 26; Quint. 8, prooem. § 1; 8, 6, 61; 9, 2, 16; 10, 1, 49; 11, 1, 5 al.— Sup., Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 3; id. Div. 1, 32, 70; Quint. 1, 10, 1; 4, 2, 113 al.—

Of syllables:

quibus in verbis eae primae litterae sunt quae in sapiente atque felice, producte dicitur, in ceteris omnibus breviter,

Cic. Or. 48, 159.

brĕvis, e, adj. (abl. breve, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 2; comp. abl. breviore, Ov. Am. 2, 17, 22) [cf. brachus, Fest. p. 26], short, little, of small extent, in space and time (opp. longus; in space, in good class. prose, diff. from parvus, which designates that which fills a small space in length, breadth, and thickness; while brevis is used only of length in its different directions of breadth, height, or depth; and even of a circle, as merely a line, and without reference to the space enclosed, v. infra. In poets and postAug. prose brevis sometimes = parvus).

Lit., in space.

In distance, extent, short, little, small, narrow (opp. latus), Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:

brevior via,

Nep. Eum. 8, 5; Tib. 1, 10, 4:

via brevis,

Verg. E. 9, 23; Ov. M. 5, 253; Juv. 14, 223:

cursus brevissimus,

Verg. A. 3, 507:

brevius iter,

Ov. P. 1, 4, 32:

cursu brevissimus Almo,

id. M. 14, 329:

quid mihi, quod lato non separor aequore, prodest? Num minus haec nobis tam brevis obstat aqua?

so narrow a stream, id. H. 18, 174; cf.

also brevis unda, opp. latum mare,

id. ib. 19, 141 and 142:

non Asiam brevioris aquae disterminat usquam fluctus ab Europā,

Luc. 9, 957 (strictioris, Schol.); cf. id. 9, 317:

brevissima terra,

Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 2:

in Euboico scopulus brevis emicat altō Gurgite,

a small, narrow rock, Ov. M. 9, 226:

brevibus Gyaris,

Juv. 1, 73:

scis In breve te cogi (sc. libellum),

that you are closely rolled together, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8:

quo brevius valent,

the nearer, the more powerful are they in conflict, Tac. A. 6, 35.—

Trop. of the journey of life:

quid est, quod in hoc tam exiguo vitae curriculo et tam brevi tantis nos in laboribus exerceamus?

Cic. Arch. 11, 28; cf.:

vitae brevis cursus, gloriae sempiternus,

id. Sest. 21, 47:

tum brevior dirae mortis aperta via est,

Tib. 1, 10, 4.—And poet. of the thread of life:

fila vitae breviora,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 46. —

In height, short, small, low (opp. altus and sometimes longus);

of the human figure: sed sedebat judex L. Aurifex, brevior ipse quam testis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 60, 245:

ut statura breves in digitos eriguntur,

Quint. 2, 3, 8:

forma,

Ov. M. 5, 457:

(puella) longa brevisque,

id. Am. 2, 4, 36:

brevis corpore,

Suet. Galb. 3;

id. Vit. Hor.—Of a maiden changed to a boy: et incomptis brevior mensura capillis,

Ov. M. 9, 789.—

Of other things: ut pleraque Alpium ab Italiā sicut breviora, ita arrectiora sunt,

lower, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

brevior ilex,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 1641:

mus,

little, Ov. F. 2, 574. —

In depth, small, little, shallow (opp. profundus):

puteus,

Juv. 3, 226:

vada,

Verg. A. 5, 221; Sen. Agam. 570.—Hence, subst.: brĕvia, ium, n., as in Gr. ta brachea, shallow places, shallows, shoals:

tris Eurus ab alto In brevia et syrtis urget,

Verg. A. 1, 111 (brevia vadosa dicit, per quae vadi pedibus potest, Serv.); Luc. 9, 338: neque discerni poterant incerta ab solidis, brevia a profundis, Tac. A. 1, 70:

brevia litorum,

id. ib. 6, 33 fin. —Perh. also in sing.:

breve,

Tac. A. 14, 29 Draeg. ad loc. (Ritter, brevia; al. breve litus).—

Trop.:

brevia, in quibus volutatur, incerta, ancipitia,

difficulties, Sen. Ep. 22, 7.—

Of the line of a circle:

ubi circulus (i.e. arcticus) axem Ultimus extremum spatioque brevissimus ambit,

makes the shortest path, Ov. M. 2, 517; cf.

of similar orbits, of stars: absides breviores,

Plin. 2. 15, 13, §

63.—Of the circular course of a horse on the track: discit gyro breviore flecti,

Sen. Hippol. 314. —

Transf., of time.

Lit. (the usu. signif. of the word), short, brief, small, little.

In gen.:

quanto, nox, fuisti longior hac proxumā, Tanto brevior dies ut fiat faciam,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 51:

breve spatium'st perferundi quae minitas mihi,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 85:

brevis hora,

Lucr. 4, 179; so Ov. M. 4, 696: Pa. Brevin' an longinquo sermone? Mi. Tribus verbis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 30:

occasio,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 57; Phaedr. 5, 8, 5:

brevis hic est fructus homulleis,

short is this enjoyment for little men, Lucr. 3, 927; cf.:

MORS. PERFECIT. TVA. VT. TIBE. ESSENT. OMNIA. BREVIA. HONOS. FAMA. VIRTVSQVE. GLORIA. ATQVE. INGENIVM.,

Inscr. Orell. 558:

omnia brevia tolerabilia esse debent,

Cic. Lael. 27, 104; id. Fin. 1, 12, 40; 2, 29, 94; id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94; Sen. Ira, 3, 43, 5:

quoniam vita brevis est, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,

Sall. C. 1, 3; so,

vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 15; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 6:

aut omnia breviora aliquanto fuere, aut Saguntum principio anni captum,

occupied a shorter time, Liv. 21, 15, 5:

brevissimum tempus,

id. 5, 6, 7:

detrimentum,

Quint. 11, 1, 10:

arbitrium mortis,

Tac. A. 15, 60:

breves populi Romani amores,

id. ib. 2, 41:

tempus,

Suet. Ner. 20 al.:

nobis quom semel occidit brevis lux, nox est perpetua una dormienda,

Cat. 5, 5:

fructus,

Lucr. 3, 914:

aevum,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 17; id. S. 2, 6, 97; id. Ep. 2, 1, 144; Plin. Pan. 78, 2:

anni,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 22:

ver,

Ov. M. 1, 118; 10, 85:

flores rosae,

quickly withering, short-lived, Hor. C. 2, 3, 13:

lilium,

id. ib. 1, 36, 16:

cena,

frugal, id. Ep. 1, 14, 35:

mensa,

id. A. P. 198:

dominus,

living but a short time, id. C. 2, 14, 24:

stultitia,

id. ib. 4, 12, 27:

ira furor brevis est,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 62:

actio brevis atque concisa,

Quint. 6, 4, 2:

somnus,

Sen. Troad. 441:

nec gratius quicquam decore nec brevius,

nothing is more acceptable, but nothing more perishable, fading, than beauty, Suet. Dom. 18:

domus,

Sen. Hippol. 762:

fortuna,

Sil. 4, 734.—

Esp.

Comp. brevius, with subj. clause, shorter, i.e. easier, more convenient:

brevius visum urbana crimina incipi, quorum obvii testes erant,

Tac. A. 13, 43: modo ne existimes brevius esse ab urbe mitti, Trag. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 40 (49), 3.—

In brevi spatio, brevi spatio, in brevi tempore, brevi tempore, and absol. brevi or in brevi, in a short time, shortly (before or after) (brevi tempore and brevi are class.; the latter, as in Gr. en brachei, to be considered as neuter, without supplying tempore):

inque brevi spatio mutantur saecla animantum,

Lucr. 2, 77; so Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Ner. 30; cf.:

in multo breviore temporis spatio,

id. Aug. 22:

multa brevi spatio simulacra geruntur,

Lucr. 4, 160; Sall. J. 87, 3:

spatio brevi,

Hor. C. 1, 11, 6:

res publica per vos brevi tempore jus suum recuperabit,

Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; 5, 21, 2; id. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 11; Nep. Milt. 2, 1; id. Them. 1, 4; Suet. Caes. 3:

sic ille affectus, brevi postea est mortuus,

soon after, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142 (Zumpt;

acc. to MSS. perbrevi).—So brevi post = paulo post: brevi post Marcellus Romam venit,

Liv. 33, 37, 9; 24, 3, 14:

brevi deinde,

id. 24, 4, 9: (Britanni) tantum usu cotidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti in declivi ac praecipiti loco incitatos equos sustinere et brevi ( in a short time, i.e. with great rapidity) moderari ac flectere consuerint, Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin. Herz. and Held.:

fama tanti facinoris per omnem Africam brevi divolgatur,

Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Them. 4, 4:

mirantur tam brevi rem Romanam crevisse,

Liv. 1, 9, 9:

brevi omnia subegit,

Suet. Caes. 34; so id. Aug. 17; 65; id. Vesp. 5; id. Gram. 3; Gell. 1, 15, 18: scire in brevi, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.; Flor. 1, 1, 15.—

Brevi, a short time, a little while: [p. 251] cunctatusque brevi, contortam viribus hastam in Persea misit, Ov. M. 5, 32; cf.:

illa brevi spatio silet,

id. ib. 7, 307; so,

* breve,

Cat. 61, 187.—

Ad breve, for a short time, Suet. Tib. 68; cf.:

ad breve quoddam tempus,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31.—

Transf. to things done or taking place in a short time; so most freq.

Of discourse, short, brief, concise (most freq. in Cic. and Quint.):

narratio,

Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 28; id. de Or. 3, 50, 196: laudatio;

comprehensio et ambitus ille verborum erat apud illum contractus et brevis,

id. Brut. 44, 162; cf. id. de Or. 2, 80, 326:

nunc venio ad illa tua brevia: et primum illud, quo nihil potest esse brevius: bonum omne laudabile, etc.,

id. Fin. 4, 18, 48:

quam falsa re! quam brevia responsu!

id. Clu. 59, 164: urbanitas est virtus quaedam in breve dictum coacta, Dom. Mars. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 104:

Homerus brevem eloquentiam Menelao dedit,

Quint. 12, 10, 64 (brevis = ou polumuthos, Hom. Il. 3, 214):

breviores commentarii,

Quint. 3, 8, 58:

annotatio,

id. 10, 7, 31:

brevia illa atque concisa,

id. 10, 7, 10; so,

sententiae,

id. 10, 1, 60:

causae,

id. 6, 1, 8:

docendi compendia,

id. 1, 1, 24:

comprehensiones,

id. 12, 2, 19:

quod ut brevissimo pateat exemplo,

id. 3, 6, 10: commendatio, requiring few words, i.e. moderate, Plin. 11, 42, 97, § 240.— Meton. of a speaker or orator, brief:

multos imitatio brevitatis decipit, ut cum se breves putent esse, longissimi sint,

Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 38:

brevior in scribendo,

id. Att. 5, 6, 2:

brevis esse laboro, Obscurus fio,

Hor. A. P. 25:

in eloquendo brevis,

Quint. 10, 1, 63:

densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides,

id. 10, 1, 73.—Hence, brĕvī, adv., briefly, in few words (freq. and class.):

brevi pro breviter M. Tullius de Orat. ad Quintum fratrem (1, 8, 34): ac ne plura quidem quae sunt innumerabilia consecter, comprehendam brevi,

Charis. p. 176 P.:

id percurram brevi,

Cic. Caecin. 32, 94:

aliquid explicare,

id. Planc. 40, 95 Wund.:

circumscribere et definire,

id. Sest. 45, 97; so id. ib. 5, 12 Orell. N. cr.; id. Fin. 1, 17, 55:

complecti,

id. de Or. 1, 42, 190:

exponere,

id. ib. 1, 46, 203:

reprehendere,

id. Inv. 1, 9, 12:

reddere,

id. Leg. 2, 14, 34:

respondere,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

perscribere,

id. ib. 4, 5, 1; so Auct. Her. 4, 26, 35; 35, 47 al.; cf.:

in brevi,

Quint. 9, 4, 32.—So once in epistolary style: breve facere, to be short or brief:

quid scribam? breve faciam,

Cic. Att. 11, 7, 6; cf.:

longum est ea dicere, sed hoc breve dicam,

id. Sest. 5, 12.—Once, in breve cogere (diff. from I. A.), to comprise in few words, bring into a small compass:

in breve coactae causae,

Liv. 39, 47, 5; cf.:

in breve coactio causae,

Gai. Inst. 4, 15.— In late Lat. subst.: brĕvis, is, m. (sc. liber—acc. to another reading, brĕve, is, n.), a short catalogue, summary, = breviarium:

brevis nominum,

Vop. Aur. 36; so id. Bonos. 15; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 21; Hier. Ep. 5, n. 2 al.—

Of a short syllable;

rarely as adj.: Syllaba longa brevi subjecta vocatur iambus,

Hor. A. P. 251:

a brevis, gre brevis, faciet tamen longam priorem,

Quint. 9, 4, 86 et saep.—More freq. subst.: brĕvis, is, f. (sc. syllaba):

dactylus, qui est e longā et duabus brevibus,

Cic. Or. 64, 217 sq.:

in fine pro longā accipi brevem,

Quint. 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 86:

plurimum habent celeritatis breves,

id. 9, 4, 91.—

Hence also once of a syllable long by position, but pronounced short: indoctus dicimus brevi primā litterā, insanus productā: inhumanus brevi, infelix longā,

Cic. Or. 48, 159 Meyer N. cr.; cf. Gell. 2, 17 sqq., and Schütz Lex. Cic. s. v. brevis.—

For parvus, exiguus, little, small:

exigua pars brevisque,

Lucr. 5, 591:

Canidia brevibus implicata viperis,

Hor. Epod. 5, 15:

Alecto brevibus torquata colubris,

Ov. H. 2, 119:

brevi latere ac pede longo est,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 93; cf.

just before: breve quod caput, ardua cervix, v. 89, and brevis alvus,

Verg. G. 3, 80 (on the other hand, Nemes. 244:

parvae alvi): mus,

Ov. F. 2, 574:

forma (sc. pueri in stellionem mutati),

id. M. 5, 457.—

So, lapathi herba,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 29 (brevis = parva, non excrescens in altum, Schol. Cruqu.):

folia breviora,

id. Ep. 1, 19, 26 (minor corona, Schol. Cruqu.):

census,

id. C. 2, 15, 13:

pondus,

id. S. 2, 2, 37:

impensa,

Ov. H. 7, 188 Ruhnk.:

sigillum,

id. M. 6, 86:

insulae,

Pall. 1, 28, 1; cf. Juv. 1, 73: vasculum, Pall. Apr. 8, 4:

offulae,

id. 1, 29, 4:

pantheris in candido breves macularum oculi,

Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62.—With nom. abstr.:

breve in exiguo marmore nomen ero,

Prop. 2, 1, 72; Sen. Oedip. 935.—So, pondus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 37 al.—Hence, brĕ-vĭter, adv., shortly, briefly, etc.

Of space (acc. to I.) (rare): seu libeat, curvo brevius convertere gyro, shorter, i. e. in a smaller circle, Tib. 4, 1, 94:

parvo brevius quam totus,

a little less than the whole, Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 168:

Sarmatae, omisso arcu, quo brevius valent, contis gladiisque ruerent,

Tac. A. 6, 35.—Far more freq. in prose and poetry,

(Acc. to II. A. b. and c.) Of time, in a short time.

In gen.:

iratum breviter vites, inimicum diu, Publ. Syr. v. 249 Rib.: sapiens, cum breviter et strictim colore atque vultu motus est,

Gell. 19, 1, 20.—

Esp.

In expression, briefly, in brief, in few words, concisely, summarily:

sed breviter paucis praestat comprendere multa,

Lucr. 6, 1082: multa breviter et commode dicta (sc. apophthegmata; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104) memoriae mandabam, Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

rem totam breviter cognoscite,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 169; 2, 3, 27, § 67; so id. de Or. 2, 83, 340:

summatim breviterque describere,

id. Or. 15, 50:

breviter tangere,

id. Off. 3, 2, 8 Beier N. cr.:

breviter et modice disserere,

Sall. J. 111, 1:

adicere aliquid,

Quint. 9, 3, 100; cf. also Verg. A. 2, 11; 4, 632; 6, 321; Ov. M. 2, 783:

omnia soli Forsan Pacuvio breviter dabit (i.e. paucis testamenti verbis, quibus heres ex asse scribetur),

Juv. 12, 125 Web. (cf. id. 1, 68: beatum exiguis tabulis).— Comp., Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 26; Quint. 8, prooem. § 1; 8, 6, 61; 9, 2, 16; 10, 1, 49; 11, 1, 5 al.— Sup., Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 3; id. Div. 1, 32, 70; Quint. 1, 10, 1; 4, 2, 113 al.—

Of syllables:

quibus in verbis eae primae litterae sunt quae in sapiente atque felice, producte dicitur, in ceteris omnibus breviter,

Cic. Or. 48, 159.

rĕgĭo, ōnis, f. [rego], a direction, line (rare but class.).

Lit.:

nullā regione viaï Declinare,

Lucr. 2, 249; cf.:

notā excedo regione viarum,

Verg. A. 2, 737:

de rectā regione deflecto,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 68, § 176:

haec eadem est nostrae rationis regio et via,

id. ib. 2, 5, 70, § 181; cf.:

oppidi murus ab planitie rectā regione, si nullus anfractus intercederet, MCC. passus aberat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 46; and:

non rectā regione iter instituit, sed ad laevam flexit,

Liv. 21, 31:

declinamus item motus nec tempore certo, nec regione loci certā,

nor in a specified direction, Lucr. 2, 260; cf. id. 2, 293; Curt. 8, 9, 2:

(Hercynia silva) rectā fluminis Danubii regione pertinet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 25; 7, 46;

Curt 7, 7, 4: ubi primos superare regionem castrorum animum adverterunt,

the line, Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

eam esse naturam et religionem provinciae tuae, ut, etc.,

i. e. the situation, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 6:

traicere amnem in regionem insulae,

Curt. 8, 13, 23.—

E regione, adverbially.

In a straight line, directly:

e regione moveri (opp. declinare),

Cic. Fat. 9, 18;

so of the rectilinear motion of atoms,

id. ib. 20, 46:

ferri, petere,

id. Fin. 1, 6, 19:

ut cadat e regione loci, quā dirigit aestus,

straight down, perpendicularly, Lucr. 6, 823; cf. id. 6, 833.—

In the opposite direction, over against, exactly opposite; constr. with gen., dat., or absol.

With gen.:

(luna) cum est e regione solis,

Cic. N. D. 2, 40, 103:

erat e regione oppidi collis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 36:

castris positis e regione unius eorum pontium, quos, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 35:

praesidio e regione castrorum relicto,

id. ib. 7, 61 fin.:

rates duplices e regione molis collocabat,

id. B. C. 1, 25:

e regione turris,

id. B. G. 7, 25.—

With dat.: dicitis, esse e regione nobis e contrariā parte terrae, qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

e regione castris castra ponere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 35.—

Absol.:

acie e regione instructā,

Nep. Milt. 5, 3.—

Trop., on the other hand, on the contrary (late Lat.;

syn.: e contra): Arabes camelorum lacte vivunt, e regione septentrionales, etc.,

Hier. adv. Jovin. 2, 7.—

Transf.

The line which bounds the sight, the visual line, boundary-line, boundary (cf: limes, finis).

Primarily in the lang. of augury:

intra eas regiones, quā oculi conspiciant,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 9 Müll.:

nempe eo (sc. lituo) Romulus regiones direxit tum, cum urbem condidit... ab Attio Navio per lituum regionum facta descriptio,

Cic. Div. 1, 17, 31:

lituus, quo regiones vincere terminavit,

id. N. D. 2, 3, 9:

regionibus ratis,

id. Leg. 2, 8, 21.—

In gen., a boundary-line, limit, boundary; usually in plur.

Lit.:

anteponatur omnibus Pompeius, cujus res gestae atque virtutes iisdem quibus solis cursus regionibus ac terminis continentur,

Cic. Cat. 4, 10, 21; cf.:

caeli regionibus terminare,

id. ib. 3, 11, 26:

orbis terrae regiones,

id. Arch. 10, 23. — Rare in sing.:

quae regione orbem terrarum definiunt,

Cic. Balb. 28, 64.—

Trop.:

ejus (argumenti) nunc regiones, limites, confinia Determinabo,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 45:

animus si, quibus regionibus vitae spatium circumscriptum est, eisdem omnes cogitationes terminaret suas,

Cic. Arch. 11, 29:

pars (quaestionum) circumscripta modicis regionibus,

id. de Or. 2, 16, 68:

vix facile sese regionibus officii continere,

id. Agr. 2, 35, 97. —

A quarter, region of the heavens or the earth (mostly poet.):

(Nilus) exoriens penitus mediā ab regione diei,

Lucr. 6, 723; so id. 6, 732:

etiam regio (lunae mutatur), quae tum est aquilonaris, tum australis,

Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 50:

deinde subter mediam regionem sol obtinet,

id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

atque eadem regio Vesper et Ortus erunt,

Ov. Ib. 38; cf.

vespertina,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 30;

Vitr 4, 5, 1: caeli in regione serenā,

Verg. A. 8, 528: regione occidentis, Liv 33, 17; Just. 18, 3, 10.—

A portion (of the earth or heavens) of indefinite extent; a tract, territory, region (cf.: tractus, plaga).

Lit.

In gen.:

in hac regione,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 42:

locum delegit in regione pestilenti salubrem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 6, 11:

agri fertilissima regio,

Caes. B. G. 7, 13 fin.:

quā te regione reliqui?

Verg. A. 9, 390:

regione portae Esquilinae,

in the region, neighborhood, Liv. 3, 66 fin. Drak.; 25, 25; 30; 33, 17; cf. Oud. de Auct. B. Alex. 30, 7;

for which: e regione castrorum,

in the vicinity of the camp, Liv. 10, 43 Drak.:

eā regione quā Sergius erat,

id. 5, 8:

tam vasta,

Just. 13, 7, 3:

acclivis,

Col. 3, 13, 8:

deserta siti regio,

Verg. A. 4, 42. — Plur.:

hi loci sunt atque hae regiones, quae mihi ab ero sunt demonstratae,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 1:

cur in his ego te conspicor regionibus?

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 32:

qui innumerabiles mundos infinitasque regiones mente peragravisset,

Cic. Fin. 2, 31, 102:

terrae maximae regiones inhabitabiles,

id. N. D. 1, 10, 24 et saep. —

In partic.

A portion of country of indefinite extent; a territory, province, district, region; esp. freq. in plur., lands, territories:

at regione locoque alio terrisque remotis,

Lucr. 2, 534:

Trebonium ad eam regionem, quae Aduaticis adjacet, depopulandam mittit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

in ejusmodi regione atque provinciā, quae mari cincta esset,

Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

quae regio orave terrarum erat latior?

id. Sest. 30, 66:

regio Pedana,

Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 2:

quorum hominum regio,

id. ib. 1, 15, 2:

Sogdiana,

Curt. 7, 10, 1:

Cantium, quae regio est maritima omnis,

Caes. B. G. 5, 14:

quae regio totius Galliae media habetur,

id. ib. 6, 13: Sida, quae extrema regio est provinciae meae, Lentul. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 15, 5:

ubi major atque illustrior incidit res, clamore per agros regionesque significant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 3:

principes regionum atque pagorum inter suos jus dicunt,

id. ib. 6, 23:

alias regiones partesque peteret,

id. ib. 6, 43 fin.; cf.

so with partes,

id. B. C. 1, 25:

deinde in quattuor regiones dividi Macedoniam. Unam fore et primam partem, quod, etc.... Secundam fore regionem, quam, etc.,

Liv. 45, 29:

quod erant propinquae regiones,

Caes. B. C. 3, 34:

ut quam latissimas regiones praesidiis teneret,

id. ib. 3, 44. — Sometimes a district with its people: tractus ille celeberrimus, tota denique nostra illa aspera et montuosa et felix et fautrix suorum regio, Cic. Planc. 9, 22.—

A principal division of the city of Rome, and of the territory around Rome, a quarter, ward, district, circle (of these, under Servius Tullius, there were in the city four, and in the Roman territory twenty-six; under Augustus, there were fourteen in the city), Laelius Felix ap. Gell. 15, 27, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Varr. ap. Non. 43, 10; Suet. Aug. 30; Tac. A. 14, 12; 15, 40; Inscr. Orell. 4 sq. et saep.; cf.

Niebuhr, Gesch. 1, p. 458 sq.: regio quaedam urbis aeternae,

Amm. 22, 9, 3; 16, 10, 15.—

Of other cities,

Inscr. Orell. 6, 768.—Hence, A REGIONIBVS, a captain of a quarter, Inscr. Murat. 894, 8; 895, 4 and 5.—

Of the provinces into which Italy was divided by Augustus, a province, division:

descriptionem ab eo (Augusto) factum Italiae totius in regiones undecim,

Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 46; 3, 11, 16, § 99; 3, 12, 17, § 106 al.—

Trop., a province, department, sphere:

dum in regionem astutiarum mearum te induco, ut scias Juxta mecum mea consilia,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 78; 3, 3, 13:

idque (consilium) situm mediā regione in pectoris haeret,

Lucr. 3, 140: ceterae fere artes se ipsae per se tuentur singulae;

benedicere autem non habet definitam aliquam regionem, cujus terminis saepta teneatur,

has no determinate province, Cic. de Or. 2, 2, 5:

eadem est nostrae rationis regio et via,

compass and course, id. Verr. 2, 5, 70, § 181. —

The country, the field (late Lat.):

herba regionis,

Vulg. Gen. 2, 5:

ligna,

id. Ezech. 17, 24;

id. Joel, 1, 19: bestiae,

id. Ezech. 31, 13.

contrārĭus, a, um, adj. [contra], lying or being over against, opposite.

In gen.

Prop., of places (syn. adversus):

collis adversus huic et contrarius,

Caes. B. G. 2, 18; cf.:

contraria tigna iis (tignis),

id. ib. 4, 17, 5; and:

gemma soli,

Plin. 37, 9, 47, § 131:

contrario amne,

against the stream, id. 21, 12, 43, § 73:

tellus,

Ov. M. 1, 65; cf. id. ib. 13, 429:

ripa,

Dig. 41, 1, 65:

auris,

Plin. 24, 10, 47, § 77:

contraria vulnera ( = adversa vulnera),

in front, on the breast, Tac. H. 3, 84:

in contrarias partes fluere,

Cic. Div. 1, 35, 78; cf.:

tignis in contrariam partem revinctis,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17; cf.

. si pelles utriusque (hyaenae et pantherae) contrariae suspendantur,

Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 93:

contrario ictu uterque transfixus,

by a blow from the opposite direction, Liv. 2, 6, 9.— With inter se, Plin. 4, 11, 18, § 49.—With atque, Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17.—Far more freq. and class. in prose and poetry,

Transf., of other objects.

In gen., opposite, contrary, opposed (syn. diversus); constr. with the gen., dat., inter se, atque, or absol.

With gen.:

hujus virtutis contraria est vitiositas,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 34; id. Inv. 2, 54, 165; id. Fin. 4, 24, 67 Madv. N. cr.; Quint. 5, 10, 49 al.—

With dat.:

voluptas honestati,

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 119:

fortuna rationi et constantiae,

id. Div. 2, 7, 18; cf. id. Top. 11, 46 sq.:

vitium illi virtuti,

Quint. 11, 3, 44:

rusticitas urbanitati,

id. 6, 3, 17:

pes bacchio,

id. 9, 4, 102:

color albo,

Ov. M. 2, 541:

aestus vento,

id. ib. 8, 471 et saep. —

With inter se:

orationes inter se contrariae Aeschinis Demosthenisque,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 5, 14; so id. de Or. 2, 55, 223; Quint. prooem. § 2; 1, 10, 6; 10, 1, 22.—

With atque:

versantur retro contrario motu atque caelum,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17.—

Absol.:

aut bono casu aut contrario,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 12, 36:

monstrum ex contrariis diversisque inter se pugnantibus naturae studiis conflatum,

id. Cael. 5, 12:

ardor,

Lucr. 3, 252:

exemplum,

Quint. 5, 11, 7:

jus,

id. 5, 11, 32:

leges,

conflicting, id. 3, 6, 43; Dig. 1, 3, 28: actiones, cross-suits, Gai Inst. 4, 174 al.:

latitudo quā contrariae quinqueremes commearent,

going in opposite directions, Suet. Ner. 31:

disputandum est de omni re in contrarias partis,

on both sides, Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 158:

ex contrariā parte dicere,

id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:

in contrariam partem adferre aliquid,

id. de Or. 2, 53, 215 al. —

Esp., subst.: contrārĭum, ii, n., the opposite, contrary, reverse.

In gen.:

contrarium decernebat ac paulo ante decreverat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 120:

si ea rex vult, quae Thebanis sint utilia... sin autem contraria, etc.,

Nep. Epam. 4, 2:

dum vitant stulti vitia, in contraria currunt,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 24; cf.: diversaeque vocant animum in contraria curae, in opposite directions, Verg A. 12, 487:

ut auctoris sortem in contraria mutet,

Ov. M. 3, 329:

in contraria versus,

transformed, id. ib. 12, 179.—With gen.:

contraria earum (artium)... vitia quae sunt virtutum contraria,

Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 67:

fidentiae contrarium est diffidentia,

id. Inv. 2, 54, 165; cf. Quint. 5, 10, 49.—With dat.:

quis non diversa praesentibus contrariaque exspectatis aut speret aut timeat,

Vell. 2, 75, 2: qui contraria Deo faciat, Lact. de Ira, 3, 3.—With quam:

qui contraria faciat quam Deus,

Lact. 3, 29, 13; Aug. Civ. Dei, 8, 24; Claud. in Eutr. 2, 267.—

As rhet. fig., the antithesis, contrast, opposite, Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 42; Auct. Her. 4, 19, 27; Jul. Ruf. Schem. Lex. § 11.—

Adverb. phrases:

ex contrario,

on the conirary, on the other hand, Caes. B. G. 7, 30; Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 47; id. Inv. 2, 8, 25; Quint. 6, 1, 16:

e contrario,

Nep. Iphicr. 1, 4; id. Ham. 1, 2; id. Att. 9, 3; id. Eum. 1, 5 (al. contrario without e); Quint. 1, 5, 43;

rarely ex contrariis,

Quint. 8, 5, 9; 8, 5, 18; 10, 1, 19;

11, 3, 39 al.—In the same sense, but more rarely, in contrarium,

Plin. 18, 24, 54, § 197:

per contrarium,

Dig. 2, 4, 8, § 1; 2, 15, 8; 28, 1, 20 al.—

In partic.

Of weight: aes contrarium, weighed against, = antirropon, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64, 12 Müll.; cf. Scalig. ad Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30.—

Of hostile opposition, inimical, hostile, hurtful, pernicious, etc. (more rare than adversarius, and mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose):

contrariis dis,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 70 Müll.:

Averna avibus cunctis,

dangerous, destructive, Lucr. 6, 741; cf.:

usus lactis capitis doloribus,

Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 130:

hyssopum stomacho,

id. 25, 11, 87, § 136:

quam (sc. perspicuitatem) quidam etiam contrariam interim putaverunt,

injurious, disadvantageous, Quint. 4, 2, 64 Spald.; cf.:

philosophia imperaturo,

Suet. Ner. 52:

exta,

unfavorable, id. Oth. 8:

saepe quos ipse alueris, Tibi inveniri maxime contrarios,

hostile, Phaedr. 4, 11, 17:

litora litoribus contraria, fluctibus undas Imprecor,

Verg. A. 4, 628; cf. id. ib. 7, 293.— Subst.: contrārĭus, ii, m., an opponent, antagonist; plur., Vitr. 3, praef. 2.— Adv.: con-trārĭē, in an opposite direction, in a different manner:

sidera procedentia,

Cic. Univ 9 med.:

scriptum,

id. Part. Or. 31, 108:

relata verba,

id. de Or. 2, 65, 263:

dicere,

Tac. Or. 34.

contrārĭus, a, um, adj. [contra], lying or being over against, opposite.

In gen.

Prop., of places (syn. adversus):

collis adversus huic et contrarius,

Caes. B. G. 2, 18; cf.:

contraria tigna iis (tignis),

id. ib. 4, 17, 5; and:

gemma soli,

Plin. 37, 9, 47, § 131:

contrario amne,

against the stream, id. 21, 12, 43, § 73:

tellus,

Ov. M. 1, 65; cf. id. ib. 13, 429:

ripa,

Dig. 41, 1, 65:

auris,

Plin. 24, 10, 47, § 77:

contraria vulnera ( = adversa vulnera),

in front, on the breast, Tac. H. 3, 84:

in contrarias partes fluere,

Cic. Div. 1, 35, 78; cf.:

tignis in contrariam partem revinctis,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17; cf.

. si pelles utriusque (hyaenae et pantherae) contrariae suspendantur,

Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 93:

contrario ictu uterque transfixus,

by a blow from the opposite direction, Liv. 2, 6, 9.— With inter se, Plin. 4, 11, 18, § 49.—With atque, Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17.—Far more freq. and class. in prose and poetry,

Transf., of other objects.

In gen., opposite, contrary, opposed (syn. diversus); constr. with the gen., dat., inter se, atque, or absol.

With gen.:

hujus virtutis contraria est vitiositas,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 34; id. Inv. 2, 54, 165; id. Fin. 4, 24, 67 Madv. N. cr.; Quint. 5, 10, 49 al.—

With dat.:

voluptas honestati,

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 119:

fortuna rationi et constantiae,

id. Div. 2, 7, 18; cf. id. Top. 11, 46 sq.:

vitium illi virtuti,

Quint. 11, 3, 44:

rusticitas urbanitati,

id. 6, 3, 17:

pes bacchio,

id. 9, 4, 102:

color albo,

Ov. M. 2, 541:

aestus vento,

id. ib. 8, 471 et saep. —

With inter se:

orationes inter se contrariae Aeschinis Demosthenisque,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 5, 14; so id. de Or. 2, 55, 223; Quint. prooem. § 2; 1, 10, 6; 10, 1, 22.—

With atque:

versantur retro contrario motu atque caelum,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17.—

Absol.:

aut bono casu aut contrario,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 12, 36:

monstrum ex contrariis diversisque inter se pugnantibus naturae studiis conflatum,

id. Cael. 5, 12:

ardor,

Lucr. 3, 252:

exemplum,

Quint. 5, 11, 7:

jus,

id. 5, 11, 32:

leges,

conflicting, id. 3, 6, 43; Dig. 1, 3, 28: actiones, cross-suits, Gai Inst. 4, 174 al.:

latitudo quā contrariae quinqueremes commearent,

going in opposite directions, Suet. Ner. 31:

disputandum est de omni re in contrarias partis,

on both sides, Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 158:

ex contrariā parte dicere,

id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:

in contrariam partem adferre aliquid,

id. de Or. 2, 53, 215 al. —

Esp., subst.: contrārĭum, ii, n., the opposite, contrary, reverse.

In gen.:

contrarium decernebat ac paulo ante decreverat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 120:

si ea rex vult, quae Thebanis sint utilia... sin autem contraria, etc.,

Nep. Epam. 4, 2:

dum vitant stulti vitia, in contraria currunt,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 24; cf.: diversaeque vocant animum in contraria curae, in opposite directions, Verg A. 12, 487:

ut auctoris sortem in contraria mutet,

Ov. M. 3, 329:

in contraria versus,

transformed, id. ib. 12, 179.—With gen.:

contraria earum (artium)... vitia quae sunt virtutum contraria,

Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 67:

fidentiae contrarium est diffidentia,

id. Inv. 2, 54, 165; cf. Quint. 5, 10, 49.—With dat.:

quis non diversa praesentibus contrariaque exspectatis aut speret aut timeat,

Vell. 2, 75, 2: qui contraria Deo faciat, Lact. de Ira, 3, 3.—With quam:

qui contraria faciat quam Deus,

Lact. 3, 29, 13; Aug. Civ. Dei, 8, 24; Claud. in Eutr. 2, 267.—

As rhet. fig., the antithesis, contrast, opposite, Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 42; Auct. Her. 4, 19, 27; Jul. Ruf. Schem. Lex. § 11.—

Adverb. phrases:

ex contrario,

on the conirary, on the other hand, Caes. B. G. 7, 30; Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 47; id. Inv. 2, 8, 25; Quint. 6, 1, 16:

e contrario,

Nep. Iphicr. 1, 4; id. Ham. 1, 2; id. Att. 9, 3; id. Eum. 1, 5 (al. contrario without e); Quint. 1, 5, 43;

rarely ex contrariis,

Quint. 8, 5, 9; 8, 5, 18; 10, 1, 19;

11, 3, 39 al.—In the same sense, but more rarely, in contrarium,

Plin. 18, 24, 54, § 197:

per contrarium,

Dig. 2, 4, 8, § 1; 2, 15, 8; 28, 1, 20 al.—

In partic.

Of weight: aes contrarium, weighed against, = antirropon, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64, 12 Müll.; cf. Scalig. ad Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30.—

Of hostile opposition, inimical, hostile, hurtful, pernicious, etc. (more rare than adversarius, and mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose):

contrariis dis,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 70 Müll.:

Averna avibus cunctis,

dangerous, destructive, Lucr. 6, 741; cf.:

usus lactis capitis doloribus,

Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 130:

hyssopum stomacho,

id. 25, 11, 87, § 136:

quam (sc. perspicuitatem) quidam etiam contrariam interim putaverunt,

injurious, disadvantageous, Quint. 4, 2, 64 Spald.; cf.:

philosophia imperaturo,

Suet. Ner. 52:

exta,

unfavorable, id. Oth. 8:

saepe quos ipse alueris, Tibi inveniri maxime contrarios,

hostile, Phaedr. 4, 11, 17:

litora litoribus contraria, fluctibus undas Imprecor,

Verg. A. 4, 628; cf. id. ib. 7, 293.— Subst.: contrārĭus, ii, m., an opponent, antagonist; plur., Vitr. 3, praef. 2.— Adv.: con-trārĭē, in an opposite direction, in a different manner:

sidera procedentia,

Cic. Univ 9 med.:

scriptum,

id. Part. Or. 31, 108:

relata verba,

id. de Or. 2, 65, 263:

dicere,

Tac. Or. 34.

ĭtĕrum (collat. form ‡ ĭtĕro, Inscr. ap. Fea Framm. di Fast. Cons. Tav. 10, n. 26), adv. [ acc. sing. n. of compar. form from pronom. stem i- of is; cf. Sanscr. itara, the other; Hibern. itir], again, a second time, once more, anew.

Lit.:

ubi rex Agathocles regnator fuit, et iterum Phintias, tertium Liparo,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 58:

iterum mihi natus videor, quia te repperi,

id. Poen. 5, 2, 117:

iterum ille eam rem judicatam judicat,

id. Rud. prol. 19:

Livianae fabulae non satis dignae sunt, quae iterum legantur,

Cic. Brut. 18, 71:

C. Flaminius consul iterum,

id. Div. 1, 35, 77:

T. Quinctius Pennus, iterum,

Liv. 4, 30; Nep. Hann. 5, 3; Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 4:

cum is iterum bellum dare dixisset,

Liv. 21, 18. —

In enumerations: primo quidem decipi, incommodum est: iterum, stultum: tertio turpe,

Cic. Inv. 1, 39, 71; id. Font. 8, 16; Suet. Caes. 36; id. Aug. 25; Nep. Hann. 6, 1; Juv. 4, 1.—With other advv., esp. with semel, tertium, etc.:

cum his Aeduos semel atque iterum armis contendisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Juv. 3, 134:

Venerium jacere iterum ac tertium,

Cic. Div. 2, 59, 121:

iterum atque tertium tribuni,

Liv. 3, 19:

semel iterumque,

Cic. Div. 1, 25, 54.—

Repeated: iterum atque iterum spectare,

again and again, repeatedly, Hor. S. 1, 10, 39:

iterum atque iterum fragor increpat ingens,

Verg. A. 8, 527:

iterumque iterumque vocavi,

id. ib. 2, 770; 3, 436.—

Transf., in turn, again, on the other hand:

cum is iterum sinu effuso bellum dare dixisset,

having loosed again the fold, Liv. 21, 18 fin.; Just. 21, 4, 6:

pares iterum accusandi caussas esse,

Tac. A. 12, 65.

mūtŭus, a, um, adj. [1. muto], borrowed, lent (class.).

Lit.:

nullus est tibi, quem roges mutuom Argentum,

to lend you money, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 60; id. Pers. 1, 1, 44:

mutuum talentum dare,

to lend, advance, id. Trin. 4, 3, 48:

mutuum argentum quaerere,

to seek to borrow money, id. Pers. 1, 1, 5:

huic drachmarum argenti haec mille dederat mutuom,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 40:

nam si mutuas (sc. minas) non potero, certumst sumam faenore,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 95: mutuas pecunias sumere ab aliquo, to borrow or raise money of any one, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 26:

mutuum frumentum dare,

to lend, id. Agr. 2, 30, 83:

si quoi mutuom quid dederis, fit pro proprio perditum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 44.—

Subst.: mūtŭum, i, n., a loan:

mutui datio,

a lending, Gai. Inst. 3, 90; Dig. 12, 1, 2.—In dat.: mutuo, by or upon a loan:

aut sumtum aliunde, ut mutuo, aut factum ab ipso,

Cic. Or. 24, 86:

petere mutuo naves, pecuniam,

Just. 17, 2, 13:

mutuo sumamus pecunias in tributa regis,

Vulg. 2 Esdr. 5, 4; cf. adv. mutuo, infra; and Krebs, Antibarb. p. 731.—

Trop.:

si pudoris egeas, sumas mutuum,

borrow shame, if you have none, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 187: ego cum illā facere nolo mutuum: Pa. Quid ita? Ph. Quia proprium facio;

amo pariter semul,

i. e. I do not want to borrow her love, but to possess it as my own, id. Curc. 1, 1, 47.—

Transf., in return, in exchange, reciprocal, mutual:

olores mutuā carne vescuntur inter se,

eat one another, Plin. 10, 23, 32, § 63:

funera,

Verg. A. 10, 755:

vulnera,

wounds inflicted by each on the other, Just. 13, 8:

officia,

Cic. Fam. 13, 65, 1:

aemulatio virtutis,

Just. 22, 4:

nox omnia erroris mutui implevit,

on both sides, Liv. 4, 41:

odia,

Tac. A. 14, 3:

accusatio,

id. ib. 6, 4:

mutuum facere,

to do the same, return like for like, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 37: ut amore perdita est haec misera! Pyr. Mutuum fit (sc. a me), I do the same, return like for like, id. Mil. 4, 6, 38: per mutua, mutually, on or from one another:

pedibus per mutua nexis,

Verg. A. 7, 66. So, mutua:

inter se mortales mutua vivunt,

Lucr. 2, 76:

e laevo sit mutua dexter,

again, on the other hand, id. 4, 325 (302):

mutuus ut nos Affectus petere auxilium juberet,

Juv. 15, 149: —Hence, adv., in three forms.

mū-tŭō, in return, by turns, reciprocally, mutually (class.; cf.: invicem, vicissim): studia officii mutuo inter nos certatim constiterunt, Lepid. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 3: me mutuo diligas, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 4:

exercere officia cum multis,

Suet. Aug. 53: cum de se mutuo sentire provinciam crederet, that it was disposed towards him as he was towards it, Auct. B. Alex. 48.—

mūtŭē, mutually, in return (class.):

respondere,

Cic. Fam. 5, 7, 2 (al. mutuo):

respondisse,

id. ib. 5, 2, 4 (al. mutuo).—

mūtŭĭter, mutually, in return (anteclass.): vive, meque ama mutuiter, Varr. ap. Non. 513, 16.

mūtŭus, a, um, adj. [1. muto], borrowed, lent (class.).

Lit.:

nullus est tibi, quem roges mutuom Argentum,

to lend you money, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 60; id. Pers. 1, 1, 44:

mutuum talentum dare,

to lend, advance, id. Trin. 4, 3, 48:

mutuum argentum quaerere,

to seek to borrow money, id. Pers. 1, 1, 5:

huic drachmarum argenti haec mille dederat mutuom,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 40:

nam si mutuas (sc. minas) non potero, certumst sumam faenore,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 95: mutuas pecunias sumere ab aliquo, to borrow or raise money of any one, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 26:

mutuum frumentum dare,

to lend, id. Agr. 2, 30, 83:

si quoi mutuom quid dederis, fit pro proprio perditum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 44.—

Subst.: mūtŭum, i, n., a loan:

mutui datio,

a lending, Gai. Inst. 3, 90; Dig. 12, 1, 2.—In dat.: mutuo, by or upon a loan:

aut sumtum aliunde, ut mutuo, aut factum ab ipso,

Cic. Or. 24, 86:

petere mutuo naves, pecuniam,

Just. 17, 2, 13:

mutuo sumamus pecunias in tributa regis,

Vulg. 2 Esdr. 5, 4; cf. adv. mutuo, infra; and Krebs, Antibarb. p. 731.—

Trop.:

si pudoris egeas, sumas mutuum,

borrow shame, if you have none, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 187: ego cum illā facere nolo mutuum: Pa. Quid ita? Ph. Quia proprium facio;

amo pariter semul,

i. e. I do not want to borrow her love, but to possess it as my own, id. Curc. 1, 1, 47.—

Transf., in return, in exchange, reciprocal, mutual:

olores mutuā carne vescuntur inter se,

eat one another, Plin. 10, 23, 32, § 63:

funera,

Verg. A. 10, 755:

vulnera,

wounds inflicted by each on the other, Just. 13, 8:

officia,

Cic. Fam. 13, 65, 1:

aemulatio virtutis,

Just. 22, 4:

nox omnia erroris mutui implevit,

on both sides, Liv. 4, 41:

odia,

Tac. A. 14, 3:

accusatio,

id. ib. 6, 4:

mutuum facere,

to do the same, return like for like, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 37: ut amore perdita est haec misera! Pyr. Mutuum fit (sc. a me), I do the same, return like for like, id. Mil. 4, 6, 38: per mutua, mutually, on or from one another:

pedibus per mutua nexis,

Verg. A. 7, 66. So, mutua:

inter se mortales mutua vivunt,

Lucr. 2, 76:

e laevo sit mutua dexter,

again, on the other hand, id. 4, 325 (302):

mutuus ut nos Affectus petere auxilium juberet,

Juv. 15, 149: —Hence, adv., in three forms.

mū-tŭō, in return, by turns, reciprocally, mutually (class.; cf.: invicem, vicissim): studia officii mutuo inter nos certatim constiterunt, Lepid. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 3: me mutuo diligas, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 4:

exercere officia cum multis,

Suet. Aug. 53: cum de se mutuo sentire provinciam crederet, that it was disposed towards him as he was towards it, Auct. B. Alex. 48.—

mūtŭē, mutually, in return (class.):

respondere,

Cic. Fam. 5, 7, 2 (al. mutuo):

respondisse,

id. ib. 5, 2, 4 (al. mutuo).—

mūtŭĭter, mutually, in return (anteclass.): vive, meque ama mutuiter, Varr. ap. Non. 513, 16.

rē̆trō, adv. [from re and the pronominal suffix ter, as in citro, ultro, intro, etc.].

Lit., of place, backwards, back; on the back side, behind.

Denoting tendency, direction, with verbs or nouns of motion:

multa videbis retro repulsa revorti,

Lucr. 2, 130; so very often with redire, regredi, repetere, remittere, respicere, reverti, revocare, etc., v. h. vv., and cf. Drak. ad Liv. 22, 6, 7, and 27, 28, 6:

vestigia retro sequor,

Verg. A. 2, 753; 9, 392; 11, 405:

dare lintea retro,

id. ib. 3, 686:

ora retro Flectit,

Ov. M. 15, 685:

retro inhibitā nave,

Liv. 30, 10 et saep.: iter mihi retro ad Alpes versus incidit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 2; cf.:

fugam retro spectante milite,

Liv. 8, 19:

fugit retro,

Hor. C. 2, 11, 5:

ne currente retro funis eat rotā,

id. ib. 3, 10, 10:

meretrix retro Perjura cedit,

id. ib. 1, 35, 25:

retro properare,

Ov. H. 5, 31:

unde ad hunc orbem redii, unde retro nemo,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 48.—

Denoting rest (rare):

est mihi in ultimis conclave aedibus quoddam retro,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 29:

quid retro atque a tergo fieret, ne laboraret,

Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49:

perculsis nullum retro subsidium foret,

Tac. H. 2, 26:

retro Marsigni, etc.,

id. G. 43:

MEMORIAM SE VIVA FECIT SIBI... CVM AEDICVLIS ANTE ET A RETRO,

Inscr. Orell. 4512.—

Trop.

Of time, back; in time back, in past times, before, formerly:

et deinceps retro usque ad Romulum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 37, 58; cf.:

SVPER OMNES RETRO PRINCIPES FORTISSIMO IMP. CAES., etc.,

Inscr. Orell. 1049;

and so, OMNES RETRO PRINCIPES,

ib. 1098:

quodcumque retro est,

is past, Hor. C. 3, 29, 46:

praemissa retro nobilitas,

Stat. S. 1, 4, 68; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 118 (120):

cujus vim si retro quoque velimus custodire (opp. in futurum),

id. ib. 10, 115 (116) fin.:

meliorum retro principum ( = superiorum),

Lampr. Alex. Sev. 34:

cum id ab aliis retro factum recordarer,

Tert. Uxor. 2, 2:

Hebraei retro, qui nunc Judaei,

id. Apol. 18.—

In other relations, back, behind, in return, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa:

ab imā (voce) ad summam ac retro multi sunt gradus,

Quint. 11, 3, 15:

ut omnia, quae sine eā (honestate) sint, longe retro ponenda censeat,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 31, 87:

rursum versus retroque,

id. Part. 7, 24; cf.:

vide rursus retro,

id. Fin. 5, 28, 83: sic omnia fatis In pejus ruere, ac retro sublapsa referri, i. e. against one ' s efforts or wish, Verg. G. 1, [p. 1588] 200; cf.:

retro vivere,

Sen. Ep. 122 fin.:

si malum perfidia, non est fallendum. Idem retro,

Quint. 5, 10, 74:

fructus hominis in operis consistit et retro in fructu hominis operae sunt,

Dig. 7, 7, 4; cf. ib. 46, 1, 21; 46, 3, 67 et saep.

; they are sometimes written separately.

sătĭas, ātis (collat. form sătĭes, Juvenc. 1, 637:

ad satiem,

id. 3, 216; abl. satie, Plin. 8, 51, 77, § 209), f. [satis], a sufficiency, abundance, plentifulness.

In gen. (mostly ante- and post-class.; not found in Cic. or Cæs.; commonly used only in nom. sing., the other cases being taken from satietas): quorum crudelitatem numquam ulla explet satias sanguinis, Att. ap. Non. 172, 7 (Trag. Rel. p. 133 Rib.); cf. id. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90 (v. Charis. p. 70 P., and l. l. p. 188 Rib.):

fessus satiate videndi,

Lucr. 2, 1038: haec juvabant Cum satiate cibi, along with abundance of food, i. e. after eating sufficiently, id. 5, 1391: ut hodie ad litationem huic suppetat satias Jovi, * Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 100: frumenti ex inopiā gravi satias facta, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 172, 13 (Hist. 2, 29 Dietsch): fructibus omnium generum ita subnascentibus ut numquam satias voluptatibus desit, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 6; Macr. S. 7, 12, 21:

ad satiatem terra ferarum Nunc etiam scatit,

in abundance, abundantly, Lucr. 5, 39.—

In partic., subject., satisfied desire, satiety; a loathing, disgust (ante-class. and since the Aug. period, but not in Quint.; cf.

, on the other hand, satietas): satias jam tenet Studiorum istorum,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 18: omnium rerum, Lucil. ap. Non. 172, 14:

sicubi eum satias Hominum aut negoti si quando odium ceperat,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 14; so (corresp. with odium) id. Eun. 5, 5, 3;

(with taedium),

Tac. A. 16, 16:

si forte jam satias amoris in uxore ex multā copiā cepisset,

Liv. 30, 3 Drak. N. cr.:

satias capit aliquem,

Tac. A. 3, 30 fin.; Macr. S. 7, 12 med.:

vini,

Liv. 25, 23 fin. Drak. N. cr.; Tac. A. 3, 54.

ars, artis, f. [v. arma], skill in joining something, combining, working it, etc., with the advancement of Roman culture, carried entirely beyond the sphere of the common pursuits of life, into that of artistic and scientific action, just as, on the other hand, in mental cultivation, skill is applied to morals, designating character, manner of thinking, so far as it is made known by external actions (syn.: doctrina, sollertia, calliditas, prudentia, virtus, industria, ratio, via, dolus).

Skill in producing any material form, handicraft, trade, occupation, employment (technê).

Lit.:

Zeno censet artis proprium esse creare et gignere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 22, 57:

quarum (artium) omne opus est in faciendo atque agendo,

id. Ac. 2, 7, 22; id. Off. 2, 3, 12 sq.—

Transf.

With the idea extended, any physical or mental activity, so far as it is practically exhibited; a profession, art ( music, poetry, medicine, etc.); acc. to Roman notions, the arts were either liberales or ingenuae artes, arts of freemen, the liberal arts; or artes illiberales or sordidae, the arts, employments, of slaves or the lower classes.

In gen.:

Eleus Hippias gloriatus est nihil esse ullā in arte rerum omnium, quod ipse nesciret: nec solum has artes, quibus liberales doctrinae atque ingenuae continerentur, geometriam, musicam, litterarum cognitionem et poëtarum, atque illa, quae de naturis rerum, quae de hominum moribus, quae de rebus publicis dicerentur, sed anulum, quem haberet, pallium, quo amictus, soccos, quibus indutus esset, se suā manu confecisse,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127:

Jam de artificiis et quaestibus, qui liberales habendi, qui sordidi sint, haec fere accepimus. Primum improbantur ii quaestus, qui in odia hominum incurrunt, ut portitorum, ut feneratorum. Illiberales autem et sordidi quaestus mercenariorum omniumque, quorum operae, non artes emuntur: est enim in illis ipsa merces auctoramentum servitutis... Opificesque omnes in sordidā arte versantur... Quibus autem artibus aut prudentia major inest aut non mediocris utilitas quaeritur, ut medicina, ut architectura, ut doctrina rerum honestarum, hae sunt iis, quorum ordini conveniunt, honestae,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150 sq.; cf. id. Fam. 4, 3:

artes elegantes,

id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:

laudatae,

id. de Or. 1, 3, 9:

bonae,

Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 32:

optimae,

Cic. Fin. 2, 34, 111:

magnae,

id. Or. 1, 4:

maximae,

id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

gravissimae,

id. Fin. 2, 34, 112:

leviores artes,

id. Brut. 1, 3:

mediocres,

id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

omnis artifex omnis artis,

Vulg. Apoc. 18, 22:

artifices omnium artium,

ib. 1 Par. 22, 15.—

Esp., of a single art, and,

With an adj. designating it:

ars gymnastica,

gymnastics, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 73:

ars duellica,

the art of war, id. Ep. 3, 4, 14:

ars imperatoria,

generalship, Quint. 2, 17, 34:

(artes) militares et imperatoriae,

Liv. 25, 9, 12:

artes civiles,

politics, Tac. Agr. 29:

artes urbanae,

i. e. jurisprudence and eloquence, Liv. 9, 42:

ars grammatica,

grammar, Plin. 7, 39, 40, § 128:

rhetorica,

Quint. 2, 17, 4:

musica,

poetry, Ter. Hec. prol. 23:

musica,

music, Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 93:

medicae artes,

the healing art, medicine, Ov. H. 5, 145; so,

ars Apollinea,

id. Tr. 3, 3, 10:

magica,

Verg. A. 4, 493, and Vulg. Sap. 17, 7; so,

maleficis artibus inserviebat,

he used witchcraft, ib. 2 Par. 33, 6 al.—

With a gen. designating it:

ars disserendi,

dialectics, Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 157:

ars dicendi,

the art of speaking, id. ib. 1, 23, 107, and Quint. 2, 17, 17; so,

ars eloquentiae,

id. 2, 11, 4:

ars medendi,

Ov. A. A. 2, 735:

ars medentium,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 158:

medicorum ars,

Vulg. 1 Par. 16, 12:

pigmentariorum ars,

the art of unguents, ib. 2 Par. 16, 4:

ars armorum,

the art of war, Quint. 2, 17, 33:

ars pugnae,

Vulg. Judith, 5, 27; so in plur.:

belli artes,

Liv. 25, 40, 5:

ars gubernandi,

navigation, Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24; Quint. 2, 17, 33; so,

ars gubernatoris,

Cic. Fin. 1, 13, 42.—Sometimes the kind of art may be distinguished by the connection, so that ars is used absol. of a particular art:

instruere Atriden num potes arte meā? i. e. arte sagittandi,

Ov. H. 16, 364:

tunc ego sim Inachio notior arte Lino, i. e. arte canendi,

Prop. 3, 4, 8:

fert ingens a puppe Notus: nunc arte (sc. navigandi) relictā Ingemit,

Stat. Th. 3, 29; so Luc. 7, 126; Sil. 4, 715:

imus ad insignes Urbis ab arte (sc. rhetoricā) viros,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 16:

ejusdem erat artis, i. e. artis scaenofactoriae,

Vulg. Act. 18, 3.—

Science, knowledge:

quis ignorat, ii, qui mathematici vocantur, quantā in obscuritate rerum et quam reconditā in arte et multiplici subtilique versentur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 10:

nam si ars ita definitur, ex rebus penitus perspectis planeque cognitis atque ab opinionis arbitrio sejunctis, scientiāque comprehensis, non mihi videtur ars oratoris esse ulla,

id. ib. 1, 23, 108: nihil est quod ad artem redigi possit, nisi ille prius, qui illa tenet. quorum artem instituere vult, habeat illam scientiam (sc. dialecticam), ut ex iis rebus, quarum ars nondum sit, artem efficere possit, id. ib. 1, 41, 186:

ars juris civilis,

id. ib. 1, 42, 190:

(Antiochus) negabat ullam esse artem, quae ipsa a se proficisceretur. Etenim semper illud extra est, quod arte comprehenditur... Est enim perspicuum nullam artem ipsam in se versari, sed esse aliud artem ipsam, aliud, quod propositum sit arti,

id. Fin. 5, 6, 16; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9; id. Cael. 30, 72; id. Or. 1, 4:

vir bonus optimisque artibus eruditus,

Nep. Att. 12, 4: ingenium docile, come, ap-tum ad artes optimas, id. Dion, 1, 2 al.—

The theory of any art or science: ars est praeceptio, quae dat certam viam rationemque faciendi aliquid, Auct. ad Her. 1, 1;

Asper, p. 1725 P.: non omnia, quaecumque loquimur, mihi videntur ad artem et ad praecepta esse revocanda,

not every thing is to be traced back to theory and rules, Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 44: res mihi videtur esse facultate ( in practice) praeclara, arte ( in theory) mediocris;

ars enim earum rerum est, quae sciuntur: oratoris autem omnis actio opinionibus, non scientiā continetur,

id. ib. 2, 7, 30; id. Ac. 2, 7, 22.—In later Lat. ars is used,

Absol. for grammatical analysis, grammar:

curru non, ut quidam putant, pro currui posuit, nec est apocope: sed ratio artis antiquae, etc.,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 156; 1, 95: et hoc est artis, ut (vulgus) masculino utamur, quia omnia Latina nomina in us exeuntia, si neutra fuerint, tertiae sunt declinationis, etc., id. ad eund. ib. 1, 149: secundum artem dicamus honor, arbor, lepor: plerumque poëtae r in s mutant, id. ad eund. ib. 1, 153 al.—Hence also,

As a title of books in which such theories are discussed, for rhetorical and, at a later period, for grammatical treatises.

Rhetorical:

quam multa non solum praecepta in artibus, sed etiam exempla in orationibus bene dicendi reliquerunt!

Cic. Fin. 4, 3, 5:

ipsae rhetorum artes, quae sunt totae forenses atque populares,

id. ib. 3, 1, 4: neque eo dico, quod ejus (Hermagorae) ars mihi mendosissime scripta videatur; nam satis in eā videtur ex antiquis artibus ( from the ancient works on rhetoric) ingeniose et diligenter electas res collocāsse, id. Inv. 1, 6 fin.:

illi verbis et artibus aluerunt naturae principia, hi autem institutis et legibus,

id. Rep. 3, 4, 7:

artem scindens Theodori,

Juv. 7, 177.—

Grammar:

in artibus legimus superlativum gradum non nisi genitivo plurali jungi,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 96: ut in artibus lectum est, id. ad eund. ib. 1, 535.—So Ars, as the title of the later Lat. grammars: Donati Ars Grammatica, Cledonii Ars, Marii Victorini Ars, etc.; v. the grammarians in Gothofred., Putsch., Lindem., Keil.—

The knowledge, art, skill, workmanship, employed in effecting or working upon an object (Fr. adresse):

majore quādam opus est vel arte vel diligentiā,

Cic. Ac. 2, 14 fin.:

et tripodas septem pondere et arte pares,

Ov. H. 3, 32: qui canit arte, canat;

qui bibit arte, bibat,

id. A. A. 2, 506:

arte laboratae vestes,

Verg. A. 1, 639:

plausus tunc arte carebat,

was void of art, was natural, unaffected, Ov. A. A. 1, 113.—

(Concr.) The object artistically formed, a work of art:

clipeum efferri jussit Didymaonis artis,

Verg. A. 5, 359:

divite me scilicet artium, Quas aut Parrhasius protulit aut Scopas,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 5; id. Ep. 1, 6, 17.—

Artes (personified), the Muses:

artium chorus,

Phaedr. 3, prol. 19.—

Transf. from mind to morals, the moral character of a man, so far as it is made known by actions, conduct, manner of acting, habit, practice, whether good or bad:

si in te aegrotant artes antiquae tuae,

your former manner of life, conduct, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 35; cf. Hor. C. 4, 15, 12; Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 6 Lind.:

nempe tuā arte viginti minae Pro psaltriā periere,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 24:

quid est, Quod tibi mea ars efficere hoc possit amplius?

my assiduity, id. And. 1, 1, 4:

Hac arte (i. e. constantiā, perseverantiā) Pollux et vagus Hercules Enisus arces attigit igneas,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 9:

multae sunt artes (i. e. virtutes) eximiae, hujus administrae comitesque virtutis (sc. imperatoris),

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 13; id. Fin. 2, 34, 115; id. Verr. 2, 4, 37 Zumpt:

nam imperium facile his artibus retinetur, quibus initio partum est,

Sall. C. 2, 4 Kritz; so id. ib. 5, 7:

cultusque artesque virorum,

Ov. M. 7, 58:

mores quoque confer et artes,

id. R. Am. 713: praeclari facinoris aut artis [p. 167] bonae famam quaerere, Sall. C. 2, 9; so id. ib. 10, 4:

animus insolens malarum artium,

id. ib. 3, 4; so Tac. A. 14, 57.—Hence also, absol. in mal. part. as in Gr. technê for cunning, artifice, fraud, stratagem:

haec arte tractabat virum,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 125 (cf. Ov. H. 17, 142):

capti eādem arte sunt, quā ceperant Fabios,

Liv. 2, 51; 3, 35:

at Cytherea novas artes, nova pectore versat Consilia,

Verg. A. 1, 657; so id. ib. 7, 477:

ille dolis instructus et arte Pelasgā,

id. ib. 2, 152:

talibus insidiis perjurique arte Sinonis Credita res, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 195:

fraudes innectere ponto Antiquā parat arte,

Luc. 4, 449:

tantum illi vel ingenii vel artis vel fortunae superfuit,

Suet. Tit. 1:

fugam arte simulantes,

Vulg. Jud. 20, 32: regem summis artibus pellexit, pasêi mêchanêi, Suet. Vit. 2.

caecus (not coecus; sometimes in MSS. cēcus), a, um, adj. [akin to skia, skotos; Sanscr. khāyā, shadow], having no light, devoid of light.

Act., not seeing, blind.

Lit.:

Appius, qui caecus annos multos fuit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 38, 112:

traditum est enim Homerum caecum fuisse,

id. ib. 5, 39, 114; Lucr. 5, 839:

catuli, qui jam dispecturi sunt, caeci aeque et hi qui modo nati,

Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64:

si facie miserabili senis, caeci, infantis,

Quint. 4, 1, 42:

caecum corpus,

the blind part of the body, the back, Sall. J. 107, 1:

perdices caecae impetu,

Plin. 10, 33, 51, § 102:

gigni,

Vell. 1, 5, 2.—

Prov.:

ut si Caecus iter monstrare velit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 4:

apparet id quidem etiam caeco,

even a blind man can see that, Liv. 32, 34, 3:

caecis hoc, ut aiunt, satis clarum est,

Quint. 12, 7, 9.—

Trop., mentally or morally blind, blinded (freq. in prose and poetry):

o pectora caeca!

Lucr. 2, 14:

non solum ipsa Fortuna caeca est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est,

Cic. Lael. 15, 54; cf.

casus,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15:

caecus atque amens tribunus,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

caecum me et praecipitem ferri,

id. Planc. 3, 6:

mater caeca crudelitate et scelere,

id. Clu. 70, 199:

cupidine,

Sall. J. 25, 7:

amentiā,

Cic. Har. Resp. 23, 48:

quem mala stultitia Caecum agit,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 44:

amatorem amicae Turpia decipiunt caecum vitia,

id. ib. 1, 3, 39:

mens,

Tac. Agr. 43.—With ad:

caecus ad has belli artes,

Liv. 21, 54, 3.—With gen.:

caecus animi,

Quint. 1, 10, 29; Gell. 12, 13, 4:

fati futuri,

ignorant of, Luc. 2, 14; cf. Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 138.— Subst.: Caeci, ōrum, m., the blind people, i.e. the people of Chalcedon, according to the oracle at Delphi. Tac. A. 12, 63; cf. Plin. 5, 32, 43, § 149. —

Meton. of the passions themselves:

caeca honorum cupido,

Lucr. 3, 59; Ov. M. 3, 620:

ac temeraria dominatrix animi cupiditas,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2; id. Pis. 24, 57:

exspectatio,

id. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

amor,

Ov. F. 2, 762:

amor sui,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 14:

festinatio,

Liv. 22, 39, 22:

furor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 13:

caeca et sopita socordia,

Quint. 1, 2, 5:

ambitio,

Sen. Ben. 7, 26, 4.—

Pregn., blind, i.e. at random, vague, indiscriminate, aimless:

in hac calumniā timoris et caecae suspitionis tormento,

Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4:

caeco quodam timore... quaerebant aliquem ducem,

id. Lig. 1, 3:

caecique in nubibus ignes Terrificant animos,

Verg. A. 4, 209:

caeca regens filo vestigia,

id. ib. 6, 30:

ne sint caecae, pater, exsecrationes tuae,

Liv. 40, 10, 1:

et caeco flentque paventque metu,

Ov. F. 2, 822:

lymphatis caeco pavore animis,

Tac. H. 1, 82:

cervus... Caeco timore proximam villam petit,

Phaedr. 2, 8, 3:

timor,

Ov. Am. 1, 4, 42.—

Transf.

Of plants, without buds or eyes:

rami,

Plin. 16, 30, 54, § 125; cf. caeco and oculus. —

Of the large intestine:

intestinum,

the cœcum, Cels. 4, 1, 28; 4, 14, 1.—

Pass., that cannot be seen, or trop., that cannot be known, invisible, concealed, hidden, secret, obscure, dark.

Lit.: sunt igitur venti nimirum corpora caeca, winds are accordingly bodies, although invisible, Lucr. 1, 278; 1, 296; 1, 329;

2, 713: vallum caecum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 28; cf.: caecum vallum dicitur, in quo praeacuti pali terrae affixi herbis vel frondibus occuluntur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 44 Müll.; so,

fossae,

covered, Col. 2, 2, 9; Pall. Mai, 3. 1:

in vada caeca ferre,

Verg. A. 1, 536:

fores,

private, id. ib. 2, 453:

spiramenta,

id. G. 1, 89:

colubri,

Col. 10, 231:

ignis,

Lucr. 4, 929:

venenum,

id. 6, 822:

tabes,

Ov. M. 9, 174:

viae,

blind ways, Tib. 2, 1, 78:

insidiae armaque,

Ov. F 2, 214; cf. Sil. 5, 3:

saxa,

Verg. A. 3, 706; 5, 164:

vulnus,

a secret wound, Lucr. 4, 1116;

but also,

a wound upon the back, Verg. A. 10, 733; cf.

in the same sense, ictus,

Liv. 34, 14, 11; Sil. 9, 105 (cf.: caecum corpus, the back, I. A. supra):

caeca manus, i.e. abscondita,

Ov. M. 12, 492:

caecum domūs scelus,

Verg. A. 1, 356.—

Trop.:

caecas exponere causas,

Lucr. 3, 317:

improba navigii ratio, tum caeca jacebat,

lay still concealed, id. 5, 1004; so,

venti potestas,

id. 3, 248; 3, 270: fluctus, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 449, 10:

caeca et clandestina natura,

Lucr. 1, 779:

res caecae et ab aspectūs judicio remotae,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

obscurum atque caecum,

id. Agr. 2, 14, 36:

fata,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 16:

sors,

id. S. 2, 3, 269:

tumultus,

secret conspiracies, Verg. G. 1, 464:

amor,

id. ib. 3, 210; cf.:

stimulos in pectore caecos Condidit,

Ov. M. 1, 726. In Plaut. once, prob. taken from the vulgar lang.: caecā die emere, upon a concealed ( pay-) day, i.e. to purchase on credit (opp. oculata dies, i.e. for ready money): Ca. Pereo inopiā argentariā. Ba. Emito die caecā hercle olivom, id vendito oculatā die, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 67.—

By poet. license, transf. to the hearing:

murmur,

Verg. A. 12, 591 (as we, by a similar meton., say a hollow sound; cf. on the other hand, in Gr. tuphlos ta ôta); so,

clamor,

Val. Fl. 2, 461:

mugitusterrae,

Sen. Troad. 171.—

Neutr., that obstructs the sight, or trop., the perception; dark, gloomy, thick, dense, obscure.

Lit.:

nox,

Cic. Mil. 19, 50; Lucr. 1, 1108; Cat. 68, 44; Ov. M. 10, 476; 11, 521:

caligo,

Lucr. 3, 305; 4, 457; Cat. 64, 908; Verg. A. 3, 203; 8, 253:

tenebrae,

Lucr. 2, 54; 2, 746; 2, 798; 3, 87; 6, 35;

3, 87: silentia, i.e. nox,

Sil. 7, 350:

latebrae,

Lucr. 1, 409:

iter,

Ov. M. 10, 456:

loca,

Prop. 1, 19, 8:

cavernae,

Ov. M. 15, 299; Sil. 7, 372:

latus,

Verg. A. 2, 19:

cubiculum si fenestram non habet, dicitur caecum,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 58 Müll.; so,

domus,

without windows, Cic. Or. 67, 224:

parietes,

Verg. A. 5, 589:

pulvis,

id. ib. 12, 444:

carcer,

id. ib. 6, 734:

sardonyches,

not transparent, opaque, Plin. 37, 6, 23, § 86:

smaragdi,

id. 37, 5, 18, § 68: acervus (of chaos), chaotic, confused, Ov M. 1, 24; Col. 4, 32, 4' chaos, Sen. Med. 741, Sil. 11, 456.—

Trop., uncertain, doubtful: obscurā spe et caecā exspectatione pendere, i.e. of an uncertain consequence or result, Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

quod temere fit caeco casu,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15. cursus (Fortunae), Luc. 2, 567:

eventus,

Verg. A. 6, 157:

caeci morbi, quorum causas ne medici quidem perspicere queunt,

Col. 1, 5, 6; so,

dolores,

Plin. 29, 2, 10, § 38; 29, 3, 13, § 55:

crimen,

that cannot be proved, Liv. 45, 31, 11.— Subst.: caecum, i, n., uncertainty, obscurity ( poet.):

verum in caeco esse,

Manil. 4, 304.—

* Comp., Hor. S. 1, 2, 91.— Sup. and adv. not in. use.

Caecus, i, m.; agnomen of Appius Claudius Crassus, as being blind, Cic. Brut. 14, 55; cf. Liv. 9, 29, 11; Cic. Sen. 6, 16.

caecus (not coecus; sometimes in MSS. cēcus), a, um, adj. [akin to skia, skotos; Sanscr. khāyā, shadow], having no light, devoid of light.

Act., not seeing, blind.

Lit.:

Appius, qui caecus annos multos fuit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 38, 112:

traditum est enim Homerum caecum fuisse,

id. ib. 5, 39, 114; Lucr. 5, 839:

catuli, qui jam dispecturi sunt, caeci aeque et hi qui modo nati,

Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64:

si facie miserabili senis, caeci, infantis,

Quint. 4, 1, 42:

caecum corpus,

the blind part of the body, the back, Sall. J. 107, 1:

perdices caecae impetu,

Plin. 10, 33, 51, § 102:

gigni,

Vell. 1, 5, 2.—

Prov.:

ut si Caecus iter monstrare velit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 4:

apparet id quidem etiam caeco,

even a blind man can see that, Liv. 32, 34, 3:

caecis hoc, ut aiunt, satis clarum est,

Quint. 12, 7, 9.—

Trop., mentally or morally blind, blinded (freq. in prose and poetry):

o pectora caeca!

Lucr. 2, 14:

non solum ipsa Fortuna caeca est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est,

Cic. Lael. 15, 54; cf.

casus,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15:

caecus atque amens tribunus,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

caecum me et praecipitem ferri,

id. Planc. 3, 6:

mater caeca crudelitate et scelere,

id. Clu. 70, 199:

cupidine,

Sall. J. 25, 7:

amentiā,

Cic. Har. Resp. 23, 48:

quem mala stultitia Caecum agit,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 44:

amatorem amicae Turpia decipiunt caecum vitia,

id. ib. 1, 3, 39:

mens,

Tac. Agr. 43.—With ad:

caecus ad has belli artes,

Liv. 21, 54, 3.—With gen.:

caecus animi,

Quint. 1, 10, 29; Gell. 12, 13, 4:

fati futuri,

ignorant of, Luc. 2, 14; cf. Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 138.— Subst.: Caeci, ōrum, m., the blind people, i.e. the people of Chalcedon, according to the oracle at Delphi. Tac. A. 12, 63; cf. Plin. 5, 32, 43, § 149. —

Meton. of the passions themselves:

caeca honorum cupido,

Lucr. 3, 59; Ov. M. 3, 620:

ac temeraria dominatrix animi cupiditas,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2; id. Pis. 24, 57:

exspectatio,

id. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

amor,

Ov. F. 2, 762:

amor sui,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 14:

festinatio,

Liv. 22, 39, 22:

furor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 13:

caeca et sopita socordia,

Quint. 1, 2, 5:

ambitio,

Sen. Ben. 7, 26, 4.—

Pregn., blind, i.e. at random, vague, indiscriminate, aimless:

in hac calumniā timoris et caecae suspitionis tormento,

Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4:

caeco quodam timore... quaerebant aliquem ducem,

id. Lig. 1, 3:

caecique in nubibus ignes Terrificant animos,

Verg. A. 4, 209:

caeca regens filo vestigia,

id. ib. 6, 30:

ne sint caecae, pater, exsecrationes tuae,

Liv. 40, 10, 1:

et caeco flentque paventque metu,

Ov. F. 2, 822:

lymphatis caeco pavore animis,

Tac. H. 1, 82:

cervus... Caeco timore proximam villam petit,

Phaedr. 2, 8, 3:

timor,

Ov. Am. 1, 4, 42.—

Transf.

Of plants, without buds or eyes:

rami,

Plin. 16, 30, 54, § 125; cf. caeco and oculus. —

Of the large intestine:

intestinum,

the cœcum, Cels. 4, 1, 28; 4, 14, 1.—

Pass., that cannot be seen, or trop., that cannot be known, invisible, concealed, hidden, secret, obscure, dark.

Lit.: sunt igitur venti nimirum corpora caeca, winds are accordingly bodies, although invisible, Lucr. 1, 278; 1, 296; 1, 329;

2, 713: vallum caecum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 28; cf.: caecum vallum dicitur, in quo praeacuti pali terrae affixi herbis vel frondibus occuluntur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 44 Müll.; so,

fossae,

covered, Col. 2, 2, 9; Pall. Mai, 3. 1:

in vada caeca ferre,

Verg. A. 1, 536:

fores,

private, id. ib. 2, 453:

spiramenta,

id. G. 1, 89:

colubri,

Col. 10, 231:

ignis,

Lucr. 4, 929:

venenum,

id. 6, 822:

tabes,

Ov. M. 9, 174:

viae,

blind ways, Tib. 2, 1, 78:

insidiae armaque,

Ov. F 2, 214; cf. Sil. 5, 3:

saxa,

Verg. A. 3, 706; 5, 164:

vulnus,

a secret wound, Lucr. 4, 1116;

but also,

a wound upon the back, Verg. A. 10, 733; cf.

in the same sense, ictus,

Liv. 34, 14, 11; Sil. 9, 105 (cf.: caecum corpus, the back, I. A. supra):

caeca manus, i.e. abscondita,

Ov. M. 12, 492:

caecum domūs scelus,

Verg. A. 1, 356.—

Trop.:

caecas exponere causas,

Lucr. 3, 317:

improba navigii ratio, tum caeca jacebat,

lay still concealed, id. 5, 1004; so,

venti potestas,

id. 3, 248; 3, 270: fluctus, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 449, 10:

caeca et clandestina natura,

Lucr. 1, 779:

res caecae et ab aspectūs judicio remotae,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

obscurum atque caecum,

id. Agr. 2, 14, 36:

fata,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 16:

sors,

id. S. 2, 3, 269:

tumultus,

secret conspiracies, Verg. G. 1, 464:

amor,

id. ib. 3, 210; cf.:

stimulos in pectore caecos Condidit,

Ov. M. 1, 726. In Plaut. once, prob. taken from the vulgar lang.: caecā die emere, upon a concealed ( pay-) day, i.e. to purchase on credit (opp. oculata dies, i.e. for ready money): Ca. Pereo inopiā argentariā. Ba. Emito die caecā hercle olivom, id vendito oculatā die, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 67.—

By poet. license, transf. to the hearing:

murmur,

Verg. A. 12, 591 (as we, by a similar meton., say a hollow sound; cf. on the other hand, in Gr. tuphlos ta ôta); so,

clamor,

Val. Fl. 2, 461:

mugitusterrae,

Sen. Troad. 171.—

Neutr., that obstructs the sight, or trop., the perception; dark, gloomy, thick, dense, obscure.

Lit.:

nox,

Cic. Mil. 19, 50; Lucr. 1, 1108; Cat. 68, 44; Ov. M. 10, 476; 11, 521:

caligo,

Lucr. 3, 305; 4, 457; Cat. 64, 908; Verg. A. 3, 203; 8, 253:

tenebrae,

Lucr. 2, 54; 2, 746; 2, 798; 3, 87; 6, 35;

3, 87: silentia, i.e. nox,

Sil. 7, 350:

latebrae,

Lucr. 1, 409:

iter,

Ov. M. 10, 456:

loca,

Prop. 1, 19, 8:

cavernae,

Ov. M. 15, 299; Sil. 7, 372:

latus,

Verg. A. 2, 19:

cubiculum si fenestram non habet, dicitur caecum,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 58 Müll.; so,

domus,

without windows, Cic. Or. 67, 224:

parietes,

Verg. A. 5, 589:

pulvis,

id. ib. 12, 444:

carcer,

id. ib. 6, 734:

sardonyches,

not transparent, opaque, Plin. 37, 6, 23, § 86:

smaragdi,

id. 37, 5, 18, § 68: acervus (of chaos), chaotic, confused, Ov M. 1, 24; Col. 4, 32, 4' chaos, Sen. Med. 741, Sil. 11, 456.—

Trop., uncertain, doubtful: obscurā spe et caecā exspectatione pendere, i.e. of an uncertain consequence or result, Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

quod temere fit caeco casu,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15. cursus (Fortunae), Luc. 2, 567:

eventus,

Verg. A. 6, 157:

caeci morbi, quorum causas ne medici quidem perspicere queunt,

Col. 1, 5, 6; so,

dolores,

Plin. 29, 2, 10, § 38; 29, 3, 13, § 55:

crimen,

that cannot be proved, Liv. 45, 31, 11.— Subst.: caecum, i, n., uncertainty, obscurity ( poet.):

verum in caeco esse,

Manil. 4, 304.—

* Comp., Hor. S. 1, 2, 91.— Sup. and adv. not in. use.

Caecus, i, m.; agnomen of Appius Claudius Crassus, as being blind, Cic. Brut. 14, 55; cf. Liv. 9, 29, 11; Cic. Sen. 6, 16.

caecus (not coecus; sometimes in MSS. cēcus), a, um, adj. [akin to skia, skotos; Sanscr. khāyā, shadow], having no light, devoid of light.

Act., not seeing, blind.

Lit.:

Appius, qui caecus annos multos fuit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 38, 112:

traditum est enim Homerum caecum fuisse,

id. ib. 5, 39, 114; Lucr. 5, 839:

catuli, qui jam dispecturi sunt, caeci aeque et hi qui modo nati,

Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64:

si facie miserabili senis, caeci, infantis,

Quint. 4, 1, 42:

caecum corpus,

the blind part of the body, the back, Sall. J. 107, 1:

perdices caecae impetu,

Plin. 10, 33, 51, § 102:

gigni,

Vell. 1, 5, 2.—

Prov.:

ut si Caecus iter monstrare velit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 4:

apparet id quidem etiam caeco,

even a blind man can see that, Liv. 32, 34, 3:

caecis hoc, ut aiunt, satis clarum est,

Quint. 12, 7, 9.—

Trop., mentally or morally blind, blinded (freq. in prose and poetry):

o pectora caeca!

Lucr. 2, 14:

non solum ipsa Fortuna caeca est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est,

Cic. Lael. 15, 54; cf.

casus,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15:

caecus atque amens tribunus,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

caecum me et praecipitem ferri,

id. Planc. 3, 6:

mater caeca crudelitate et scelere,

id. Clu. 70, 199:

cupidine,

Sall. J. 25, 7:

amentiā,

Cic. Har. Resp. 23, 48:

quem mala stultitia Caecum agit,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 44:

amatorem amicae Turpia decipiunt caecum vitia,

id. ib. 1, 3, 39:

mens,

Tac. Agr. 43.—With ad:

caecus ad has belli artes,

Liv. 21, 54, 3.—With gen.:

caecus animi,

Quint. 1, 10, 29; Gell. 12, 13, 4:

fati futuri,

ignorant of, Luc. 2, 14; cf. Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 138.— Subst.: Caeci, ōrum, m., the blind people, i.e. the people of Chalcedon, according to the oracle at Delphi. Tac. A. 12, 63; cf. Plin. 5, 32, 43, § 149. —

Meton. of the passions themselves:

caeca honorum cupido,

Lucr. 3, 59; Ov. M. 3, 620:

ac temeraria dominatrix animi cupiditas,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2; id. Pis. 24, 57:

exspectatio,

id. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

amor,

Ov. F. 2, 762:

amor sui,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 14:

festinatio,

Liv. 22, 39, 22:

furor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 13:

caeca et sopita socordia,

Quint. 1, 2, 5:

ambitio,

Sen. Ben. 7, 26, 4.—

Pregn., blind, i.e. at random, vague, indiscriminate, aimless:

in hac calumniā timoris et caecae suspitionis tormento,

Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4:

caeco quodam timore... quaerebant aliquem ducem,

id. Lig. 1, 3:

caecique in nubibus ignes Terrificant animos,

Verg. A. 4, 209:

caeca regens filo vestigia,

id. ib. 6, 30:

ne sint caecae, pater, exsecrationes tuae,

Liv. 40, 10, 1:

et caeco flentque paventque metu,

Ov. F. 2, 822:

lymphatis caeco pavore animis,

Tac. H. 1, 82:

cervus... Caeco timore proximam villam petit,

Phaedr. 2, 8, 3:

timor,

Ov. Am. 1, 4, 42.—

Transf.

Of plants, without buds or eyes:

rami,

Plin. 16, 30, 54, § 125; cf. caeco and oculus. —

Of the large intestine:

intestinum,

the cœcum, Cels. 4, 1, 28; 4, 14, 1.—

Pass., that cannot be seen, or trop., that cannot be known, invisible, concealed, hidden, secret, obscure, dark.

Lit.: sunt igitur venti nimirum corpora caeca, winds are accordingly bodies, although invisible, Lucr. 1, 278; 1, 296; 1, 329;

2, 713: vallum caecum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 28; cf.: caecum vallum dicitur, in quo praeacuti pali terrae affixi herbis vel frondibus occuluntur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 44 Müll.; so,

fossae,

covered, Col. 2, 2, 9; Pall. Mai, 3. 1:

in vada caeca ferre,

Verg. A. 1, 536:

fores,

private, id. ib. 2, 453:

spiramenta,

id. G. 1, 89:

colubri,

Col. 10, 231:

ignis,

Lucr. 4, 929:

venenum,

id. 6, 822:

tabes,

Ov. M. 9, 174:

viae,

blind ways, Tib. 2, 1, 78:

insidiae armaque,

Ov. F 2, 214; cf. Sil. 5, 3:

saxa,

Verg. A. 3, 706; 5, 164:

vulnus,

a secret wound, Lucr. 4, 1116;

but also,

a wound upon the back, Verg. A. 10, 733; cf.

in the same sense, ictus,

Liv. 34, 14, 11; Sil. 9, 105 (cf.: caecum corpus, the back, I. A. supra):

caeca manus, i.e. abscondita,

Ov. M. 12, 492:

caecum domūs scelus,

Verg. A. 1, 356.—

Trop.:

caecas exponere causas,

Lucr. 3, 317:

improba navigii ratio, tum caeca jacebat,

lay still concealed, id. 5, 1004; so,

venti potestas,

id. 3, 248; 3, 270: fluctus, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 449, 10:

caeca et clandestina natura,

Lucr. 1, 779:

res caecae et ab aspectūs judicio remotae,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

obscurum atque caecum,

id. Agr. 2, 14, 36:

fata,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 16:

sors,

id. S. 2, 3, 269:

tumultus,

secret conspiracies, Verg. G. 1, 464:

amor,

id. ib. 3, 210; cf.:

stimulos in pectore caecos Condidit,

Ov. M. 1, 726. In Plaut. once, prob. taken from the vulgar lang.: caecā die emere, upon a concealed ( pay-) day, i.e. to purchase on credit (opp. oculata dies, i.e. for ready money): Ca. Pereo inopiā argentariā. Ba. Emito die caecā hercle olivom, id vendito oculatā die, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 67.—

By poet. license, transf. to the hearing:

murmur,

Verg. A. 12, 591 (as we, by a similar meton., say a hollow sound; cf. on the other hand, in Gr. tuphlos ta ôta); so,

clamor,

Val. Fl. 2, 461:

mugitusterrae,

Sen. Troad. 171.—

Neutr., that obstructs the sight, or trop., the perception; dark, gloomy, thick, dense, obscure.

Lit.:

nox,

Cic. Mil. 19, 50; Lucr. 1, 1108; Cat. 68, 44; Ov. M. 10, 476; 11, 521:

caligo,

Lucr. 3, 305; 4, 457; Cat. 64, 908; Verg. A. 3, 203; 8, 253:

tenebrae,

Lucr. 2, 54; 2, 746; 2, 798; 3, 87; 6, 35;

3, 87: silentia, i.e. nox,

Sil. 7, 350:

latebrae,

Lucr. 1, 409:

iter,

Ov. M. 10, 456:

loca,

Prop. 1, 19, 8:

cavernae,

Ov. M. 15, 299; Sil. 7, 372:

latus,

Verg. A. 2, 19:

cubiculum si fenestram non habet, dicitur caecum,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 58 Müll.; so,

domus,

without windows, Cic. Or. 67, 224:

parietes,

Verg. A. 5, 589:

pulvis,

id. ib. 12, 444:

carcer,

id. ib. 6, 734:

sardonyches,

not transparent, opaque, Plin. 37, 6, 23, § 86:

smaragdi,

id. 37, 5, 18, § 68: acervus (of chaos), chaotic, confused, Ov M. 1, 24; Col. 4, 32, 4' chaos, Sen. Med. 741, Sil. 11, 456.—

Trop., uncertain, doubtful: obscurā spe et caecā exspectatione pendere, i.e. of an uncertain consequence or result, Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

quod temere fit caeco casu,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15. cursus (Fortunae), Luc. 2, 567:

eventus,

Verg. A. 6, 157:

caeci morbi, quorum causas ne medici quidem perspicere queunt,

Col. 1, 5, 6; so,

dolores,

Plin. 29, 2, 10, § 38; 29, 3, 13, § 55:

crimen,

that cannot be proved, Liv. 45, 31, 11.— Subst.: caecum, i, n., uncertainty, obscurity ( poet.):

verum in caeco esse,

Manil. 4, 304.—

* Comp., Hor. S. 1, 2, 91.— Sup. and adv. not in. use.

Caecus, i, m.; agnomen of Appius Claudius Crassus, as being blind, Cic. Brut. 14, 55; cf. Liv. 9, 29, 11; Cic. Sen. 6, 16.

caecus (not coecus; sometimes in MSS. cēcus), a, um, adj. [akin to skia, skotos; Sanscr. khāyā, shadow], having no light, devoid of light.

Act., not seeing, blind.

Lit.:

Appius, qui caecus annos multos fuit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 38, 112:

traditum est enim Homerum caecum fuisse,

id. ib. 5, 39, 114; Lucr. 5, 839:

catuli, qui jam dispecturi sunt, caeci aeque et hi qui modo nati,

Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64:

si facie miserabili senis, caeci, infantis,

Quint. 4, 1, 42:

caecum corpus,

the blind part of the body, the back, Sall. J. 107, 1:

perdices caecae impetu,

Plin. 10, 33, 51, § 102:

gigni,

Vell. 1, 5, 2.—

Prov.:

ut si Caecus iter monstrare velit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 4:

apparet id quidem etiam caeco,

even a blind man can see that, Liv. 32, 34, 3:

caecis hoc, ut aiunt, satis clarum est,

Quint. 12, 7, 9.—

Trop., mentally or morally blind, blinded (freq. in prose and poetry):

o pectora caeca!

Lucr. 2, 14:

non solum ipsa Fortuna caeca est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est,

Cic. Lael. 15, 54; cf.

casus,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15:

caecus atque amens tribunus,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

caecum me et praecipitem ferri,

id. Planc. 3, 6:

mater caeca crudelitate et scelere,

id. Clu. 70, 199:

cupidine,

Sall. J. 25, 7:

amentiā,

Cic. Har. Resp. 23, 48:

quem mala stultitia Caecum agit,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 44:

amatorem amicae Turpia decipiunt caecum vitia,

id. ib. 1, 3, 39:

mens,

Tac. Agr. 43.—With ad:

caecus ad has belli artes,

Liv. 21, 54, 3.—With gen.:

caecus animi,

Quint. 1, 10, 29; Gell. 12, 13, 4:

fati futuri,

ignorant of, Luc. 2, 14; cf. Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 138.— Subst.: Caeci, ōrum, m., the blind people, i.e. the people of Chalcedon, according to the oracle at Delphi. Tac. A. 12, 63; cf. Plin. 5, 32, 43, § 149. —

Meton. of the passions themselves:

caeca honorum cupido,

Lucr. 3, 59; Ov. M. 3, 620:

ac temeraria dominatrix animi cupiditas,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2; id. Pis. 24, 57:

exspectatio,

id. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

amor,

Ov. F. 2, 762:

amor sui,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 14:

festinatio,

Liv. 22, 39, 22:

furor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 13:

caeca et sopita socordia,

Quint. 1, 2, 5:

ambitio,

Sen. Ben. 7, 26, 4.—

Pregn., blind, i.e. at random, vague, indiscriminate, aimless:

in hac calumniā timoris et caecae suspitionis tormento,

Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4:

caeco quodam timore... quaerebant aliquem ducem,

id. Lig. 1, 3:

caecique in nubibus ignes Terrificant animos,

Verg. A. 4, 209:

caeca regens filo vestigia,

id. ib. 6, 30:

ne sint caecae, pater, exsecrationes tuae,

Liv. 40, 10, 1:

et caeco flentque paventque metu,

Ov. F. 2, 822:

lymphatis caeco pavore animis,

Tac. H. 1, 82:

cervus... Caeco timore proximam villam petit,

Phaedr. 2, 8, 3:

timor,

Ov. Am. 1, 4, 42.—

Transf.

Of plants, without buds or eyes:

rami,

Plin. 16, 30, 54, § 125; cf. caeco and oculus. —

Of the large intestine:

intestinum,

the cœcum, Cels. 4, 1, 28; 4, 14, 1.—

Pass., that cannot be seen, or trop., that cannot be known, invisible, concealed, hidden, secret, obscure, dark.

Lit.: sunt igitur venti nimirum corpora caeca, winds are accordingly bodies, although invisible, Lucr. 1, 278; 1, 296; 1, 329;

2, 713: vallum caecum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 28; cf.: caecum vallum dicitur, in quo praeacuti pali terrae affixi herbis vel frondibus occuluntur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 44 Müll.; so,

fossae,

covered, Col. 2, 2, 9; Pall. Mai, 3. 1:

in vada caeca ferre,

Verg. A. 1, 536:

fores,

private, id. ib. 2, 453:

spiramenta,

id. G. 1, 89:

colubri,

Col. 10, 231:

ignis,

Lucr. 4, 929:

venenum,

id. 6, 822:

tabes,

Ov. M. 9, 174:

viae,

blind ways, Tib. 2, 1, 78:

insidiae armaque,

Ov. F 2, 214; cf. Sil. 5, 3:

saxa,

Verg. A. 3, 706; 5, 164:

vulnus,

a secret wound, Lucr. 4, 1116;

but also,

a wound upon the back, Verg. A. 10, 733; cf.

in the same sense, ictus,

Liv. 34, 14, 11; Sil. 9, 105 (cf.: caecum corpus, the back, I. A. supra):

caeca manus, i.e. abscondita,

Ov. M. 12, 492:

caecum domūs scelus,

Verg. A. 1, 356.—

Trop.:

caecas exponere causas,

Lucr. 3, 317:

improba navigii ratio, tum caeca jacebat,

lay still concealed, id. 5, 1004; so,

venti potestas,

id. 3, 248; 3, 270: fluctus, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 449, 10:

caeca et clandestina natura,

Lucr. 1, 779:

res caecae et ab aspectūs judicio remotae,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

obscurum atque caecum,

id. Agr. 2, 14, 36:

fata,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 16:

sors,

id. S. 2, 3, 269:

tumultus,

secret conspiracies, Verg. G. 1, 464:

amor,

id. ib. 3, 210; cf.:

stimulos in pectore caecos Condidit,

Ov. M. 1, 726. In Plaut. once, prob. taken from the vulgar lang.: caecā die emere, upon a concealed ( pay-) day, i.e. to purchase on credit (opp. oculata dies, i.e. for ready money): Ca. Pereo inopiā argentariā. Ba. Emito die caecā hercle olivom, id vendito oculatā die, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 67.—

By poet. license, transf. to the hearing:

murmur,

Verg. A. 12, 591 (as we, by a similar meton., say a hollow sound; cf. on the other hand, in Gr. tuphlos ta ôta); so,

clamor,

Val. Fl. 2, 461:

mugitusterrae,

Sen. Troad. 171.—

Neutr., that obstructs the sight, or trop., the perception; dark, gloomy, thick, dense, obscure.

Lit.:

nox,

Cic. Mil. 19, 50; Lucr. 1, 1108; Cat. 68, 44; Ov. M. 10, 476; 11, 521:

caligo,

Lucr. 3, 305; 4, 457; Cat. 64, 908; Verg. A. 3, 203; 8, 253:

tenebrae,

Lucr. 2, 54; 2, 746; 2, 798; 3, 87; 6, 35;

3, 87: silentia, i.e. nox,

Sil. 7, 350:

latebrae,

Lucr. 1, 409:

iter,

Ov. M. 10, 456:

loca,

Prop. 1, 19, 8:

cavernae,

Ov. M. 15, 299; Sil. 7, 372:

latus,

Verg. A. 2, 19:

cubiculum si fenestram non habet, dicitur caecum,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 58 Müll.; so,

domus,

without windows, Cic. Or. 67, 224:

parietes,

Verg. A. 5, 589:

pulvis,

id. ib. 12, 444:

carcer,

id. ib. 6, 734:

sardonyches,

not transparent, opaque, Plin. 37, 6, 23, § 86:

smaragdi,

id. 37, 5, 18, § 68: acervus (of chaos), chaotic, confused, Ov M. 1, 24; Col. 4, 32, 4' chaos, Sen. Med. 741, Sil. 11, 456.—

Trop., uncertain, doubtful: obscurā spe et caecā exspectatione pendere, i.e. of an uncertain consequence or result, Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

quod temere fit caeco casu,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15. cursus (Fortunae), Luc. 2, 567:

eventus,

Verg. A. 6, 157:

caeci morbi, quorum causas ne medici quidem perspicere queunt,

Col. 1, 5, 6; so,

dolores,

Plin. 29, 2, 10, § 38; 29, 3, 13, § 55:

crimen,

that cannot be proved, Liv. 45, 31, 11.— Subst.: caecum, i, n., uncertainty, obscurity ( poet.):

verum in caeco esse,

Manil. 4, 304.—

* Comp., Hor. S. 1, 2, 91.— Sup. and adv. not in. use.

Caecus, i, m.; agnomen of Appius Claudius Crassus, as being blind, Cic. Brut. 14, 55; cf. Liv. 9, 29, 11; Cic. Sen. 6, 16.

causa (by Cicero, and also a little after him, caussa, Quint. 1, 7, 20; so Fast. Praenest. pp. 321, 322; Inscr. Orell. 3681; 4077; 4698 al.; in Mon. Ancyr. 3, 1 dub.), ae, f. [perh. root cav- of caveo, prop. that which is defended or protected; cf. cura], that by, on account of, or through which any thing takes place or is done; a cause, reason, motive, inducement; also, in gen., an occasion, opportunity (opp. effectis, Quint. 6, 3, 66; 7, 3, 29:

factis,

id. 4, 2, 52; 12, 1, 36 al.; very freq. in all periods, and in all kinds of discourse. In its different meanings syn. with ratio, principium, fons, origo, caput; excusatio, defensio; judicium, controversia, lis; partes, actio; condicio, negotium, commodum, al.).

In gen.: causa ea est, quae id efficit, cujus est causa; ut vulnus mortis; cruditas morbi;

ignis ardoris. Itaque non sic causa intellegi debet, ut quod cuique antecedat, id ei causa sit, sed quod cuique efficienter antecedat,

Cic. Fat. 15, 34:

justa et magna et perspicua,

id. Rosc. Am. 14, 40: id. Phil. 2, 22, 53; id. Att. 16, 7, 6:

sontica causa, v. sonticus.—Followed by a particle of cause: causa, quamobrem, etc.,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 18; id. Eun. 1, 2, 65; id. [p. 304] Heaut. 2, 3, 95; id. Hec. 3, 3, 22; 3, 5, 2; 4, 4, 73; Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 44:

causa, quare, etc.,

Cic. Inv. 2, 20, 60:

causa, cur, etc.,

id. Ac. 1, 3, 10; Quint. 11, 3, 16; 2, 3, 11; Hor. C. 1, 16, 19 al.:

causa quod, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 109; id. Phil. 6, 1, 1; Quint. 2, 1, 1; 5, 10, 30 al.:

ut, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 7; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 6; Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 4 al.:

haud causa quin, etc.,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 4:

quae causa est quin,

id. Capt. 2, 2, 103:

quid causae est quin,

Ter. And. 3, 4, 21; Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; Hor. S. 1, 1, 20:

nulla causa est quin,

Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 1:

causa quominus,

Sall. C. 51, 41; Liv. 34, 56, 9:

causa ne,

id. 34, 39, 9:

nihil causae est cur non, etc.,

Quint. 11, 3, 59:

causae propter quas, etc.,

id. 4, 2, 12; 5, 7, 24; 8, 6, 23.—With gen. obj.:

is, qui causa mortis fuit,

Cic. Phil. 9, 3, 7; Liv. 21, 21, 1; Quint. 7, 3, 18; 7, 4, 42:

salutis,

Lucr. 3, 349:

morbi,

id. 3, 502; Verg. G. 4, 397; Hor. C. 2, 2, 14:

nos causa belli sumus,

Liv. 1, 13, 3:

causa mortis fuistis,

Quint. 7, 3, 32; Sen. Ira, 2, 27, 3:

explicandae philosophiae,

Cic. Div. 2, 2, 6:

nec vero umquam bellorum civilium semen et causa deerit,

id. Off. 2, 8, 29; so,

belli,

Sall. C. 2, 2; Verg. A. 7, 553; Hor. C. 2, 1, 2; id. S. 1, 3, 108; id. Ep. 1, 2, 9:

felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas,

Verg. G. 2, 490:

vera objurgandi causa,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 131; cf. with ad:

causa ad objurgandum,

id. ib. 1, 1, 123; id. Hec. 4, 4, 71; and poet. with inf.:

consurgere in arma,

Verg. A. 10, 90:

perire,

Tib. 3, 2, 30:

gestare carinas,

Luc. 5, 464.— With prepp.:

cum causā,

with good reason, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 8, § 21; id. de Or. 2, 60, 247; Varr. R. R. 1, 17, 4:

sine causā,

without good reason, Cic. Div. 2, 28, 61; id. Fat. 9, 18; id. de Or. 2, 60, 246; id. Att. 13, 22, 1; Caes. B. G. 1, 14; Nep. Alcib. 6, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 35; 1, 12, 9:

his de causis,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6:

id nisi gravi de causā non fecisset,

id. ib. 7, 7, 3:

justis de causis,

id. Fam. 5, 20, 2:

quā de causā,

id. Off. 1, 41, 147; id. Ac. 1, 12, 43; Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

quibus de causis,

Quint. 4, 2, 15;

less freq. in ante-Aug. prose: quā ex causa,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13; id. Mur. 17, 36; but very freq. in Quint., Sen., and the younger Plin.; so,

nullā aliā ex causā,

Sen. Ep. 29, 1:

multis ex causis,

Quint. 5, 12, 3:

quibus ex causis,

id. 4, 2, 15; Plin. Ep. 6, 6, 8:

ex plurimis causis,

id. ib. 1, 3, 6:

ex his (causis),

id. ib. 5, 8, 6:—ob eam causam scribo, ut, etc., Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 4:

illa festinatio fuit ob illam causam, ne, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, § 99; Nep. Milt. 6, 2:

ob eam causam, quia, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 51:

ob eas causas,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

ob eam ipsam causam,

Cic. Brut. 7, 29:

quam ob causam,

Nep. Paus. 2, 6:

propter eam quam dixi causam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 110:

causae propter quas,

Quint. 4, 2, 12.—In causā esse, to be the cause of, responsible for, etc. (rare):

in causā haec sunt,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 1:

vim morbi in causā esse, quo serius perficeretur,

Liv. 40, 26, 5:

verecundiam multis in causā fuisse, ut, etc.,

Quint. 12, 5, 2; Plin. Ep. 6, 10, 3; 7, 5, 1; Plin. 9, 30, 49, § 94; cf.:

tarditatis causa in senatu fuit,

Liv. 4, 58, 4.—

Causā, in abl. with gen. or possess. adj. (usu. put after the noun), as patris causā, meā causā, on account of, for the sake of (in the best prose, almost always referring to the future, and implying a purpose; cf. propter with acc. of the pre-existing cause or motive):

honoris tui causā huc ad te venimus,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 25; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 35; Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 2 al.:

animi causa, v. animus, II., etc.: exempli causā, v. exemplum: causā meā,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 47; id. Poen. 1, 2, 160; id. Am. 1, 3, 42 al.; Ter. Heaut. prol. 41; 5, 5, 23 al.;

causā meāpte,

id. ib. 4, 3, 8:

nostra causa,

id. Phorm. 4, 4, 14; Cic. Ac. 2, 38, 120; Quint. 7, 4, 9:

vestrā magis hoc causā volebam quam meā,

Cic. de Or. 1, 35. 162:

aliena potius causa quam sua,

Quint. 3, 7, 16.—Put before the noun:

rastros capsit causă potiendi agri,

Enn. Ann. 324 Vahl.:

quidquid hujus feci, causā virginis Feci,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 122; so Liv. 26, 32, 6; 31, 12, 4; 39, 14, 8; 40, 41 fin.; 40, 44, 10.—Rarely with propter in the same sense:

vestrarum sedum templorumque causā, propter salutem meorum civium,

Cic. Sest. 20, 45.—With gen. of pers. or reflex. pron. instead of possess. very rare (v. Lahmeyer ad Cic. Lael. 16, 57):

quod illi semper sui causā fecerant,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 52, § 121.

Esp.

= justa causa, good reason, just cause, full right:

cum causā accedere ad accusandum,

with good reason, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 8, § 21; so,

cum causā,

id. de Or. 2, 60, 247; Varr. R. R. 1, 17, 4; 3, 16, 7;

and the contrary: sine causā,

without good reason, Cic. Div. 2, 28, 61; id. de Or. 2, 60, 246; Caes. B. G. 1, 14; Nep. Alcib. 6, 2 al.—

An apology, excuse, Cato, R. R. 2, 2; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 92; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 42; Cic. Fam. 16, 19 fin.; Verg. A. 9, 219 al.—

Causam alicui dare alicujus rei, occasion:

qui (Nebatius) mihi dedit causam harum litterarum,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 8;

for which poët.: Bacchus et ad culpam causas dedit,

Verg. G. 2, 455 Forbig. ad loc.—

A feigned cause, a pretext, pretence, = praetextus, prophasis:

habere causam,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 44:

fingere falsas causas,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71; id. And. 1, 3, 8 Ruhnk.; 4, 1, 18; id. Phorm. 2, 1, 4:

fingit causas ne det,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 58; cf. Tib. 1, 6, 11:

morae facere,

to pretend reasons for the delay, Sall. J. 36, 2:

inferre causam,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 2:

causam interponere,

Nep. Them. 7, 1; cf. id. Milt. 4, 1:

bellandi,

id. Ham. 3, 1:

belli,

Tac. A. 12, 45:

jurgii,

Phaedr. 1, 1, 4 al. (On the other hand, causa, a true cause, is opp. to praetextus, a pretext, Suet. Caes. 30.)—So freq. per causam, under the pretext, Caes. B. C. 3, 24; 3, 76; 3, 87; Liv. 2, 32, 1 Drak.; 22, 61, 8; Suet. Caes. 2; id. Oth. 3; id. Vesp. 1; Tib. 1, 6, 26; Ov. H. 20, 140; id. Tr. 2, 452.—

In judic. lang. t. t., a cause, judicial process, lawsuit:

privatae,

Cic. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

publicae,

id. de Or. 3, 20, 74; id. Rosc. Am. 21, 59:

capitis aut famae,

id. Fam. 9, 21, 1:

causam agere,

id. de Or. 2, 48, 199; Quint. 6, 1, 54; 7, 2, 55; 10, 7, 30;

11, 1, 67 et saep.: constituere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 1:

perorare,

id. Quint. 24, 77:

defendere,

Quint. 3, 6, 9; 12, 1, 24; 12, 1, 37; Suet. Caes. 49:

exponere,

Quint. 2, 5, 7:

perdere,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 4, 10:

obtinere,

id. Fam. 1, 4, 1:

tenere (= obticere),

Ov. M. 13, 190: causā cadere, v. cado, II.: causam dicere, to defend one ' s self, or to make a defence (as an advocate), Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 12 and 13; 21, 54; id. Sest. 8, 18; id. Quint. 8, 31; Liv. 29, 19, 5; Quint. 5, 11, 39; 8, 2, 24; Suet. Caes. 30 et saep.— Poet.: causa prior, the first part of the process, i. e. the trial, Ov. M. 15, 37.—Hence,

Out of the sphere of judicial proceedings, the party, faction, cause that one defends:

ne condemnare causam illam, quam secutus esset, videretur, etc.,

Cic. Lig. 9, 27 sq.:

suarum partium causa,

Quint. 3, 8, 57:

causa Caesaris melior,

id. 5, 11, 42; Tac. A. 1, 36 al. —Hence,

Meton.

A relation of friendship, connection:

quīcum tibi adfininitas, societas, omnes denique causae et necessitudines veteres intercedebant,

Cic. Quint. 15, 48:

explicare breviter, quae mihi sit ratio et causa cum Caesare,

id. Prov. Cons. 17, 40; id. Fam. 13, 19, 1.—

In gen., = condicio, a condition, state, situation, relation, position:

ut nonnumquam mortem sibi ipse consciscere aliquis debeat, alius in eādem causā non debeat: num enim aliā in causā M. Cato fuit, alia ceteri, qui se in Africā Caesari tradiderunt?

Cic. Off. 1, 31, 112; so Caes. B. G. 4, 4 Herz.:

(Regulus) erat in meliore causā quam, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Agr. 3, 2, 9 (where for causa in the foll. clause is condicio):

atque in hoc genere mea causa est, ut, etc.,

id. Fam. 2, 4, 1; cf. id. ib. 9, 13, 1.—

= negotium, a cause, business undertaken for any one, an employment:

cui senatus dederat publice causam, ut mihi gratias ageret,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 73, § 170:

quod nemo eorum rediisset, qui super tali causā eodem missi erant,

Nep. Paus. 4, 1.—

In medic. lang., a cause for disease:

causam metuere,

Cels. 3, 3; so Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 11 fin.; Plin. 28, 15, 61, § 218.—Hence in late Lat. for disease, Cael. Aur. Tard. 5, 10, 95; id. Acut. 2, 29, 157; Veg. 1, 25, 1; 3, 6, 11; 3, 45, 5; 4, 4, 2 al.—

That which lies at the basis of a rhetorical representation, matter, subject, hupothesis, Cic. Top. 21, 79; id. Inv. 1, 6, 8; Auct. Her. 1, 11, 18; Quint. 3, 5, 7 sq.

caecus (not coecus; sometimes in MSS. cēcus), a, um, adj. [akin to skia, skotos; Sanscr. khāyā, shadow], having no light, devoid of light.

Act., not seeing, blind.

Lit.:

Appius, qui caecus annos multos fuit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 38, 112:

traditum est enim Homerum caecum fuisse,

id. ib. 5, 39, 114; Lucr. 5, 839:

catuli, qui jam dispecturi sunt, caeci aeque et hi qui modo nati,

Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64:

si facie miserabili senis, caeci, infantis,

Quint. 4, 1, 42:

caecum corpus,

the blind part of the body, the back, Sall. J. 107, 1:

perdices caecae impetu,

Plin. 10, 33, 51, § 102:

gigni,

Vell. 1, 5, 2.—

Prov.:

ut si Caecus iter monstrare velit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 4:

apparet id quidem etiam caeco,

even a blind man can see that, Liv. 32, 34, 3:

caecis hoc, ut aiunt, satis clarum est,

Quint. 12, 7, 9.—

Trop., mentally or morally blind, blinded (freq. in prose and poetry):

o pectora caeca!

Lucr. 2, 14:

non solum ipsa Fortuna caeca est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est,

Cic. Lael. 15, 54; cf.

casus,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15:

caecus atque amens tribunus,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

caecum me et praecipitem ferri,

id. Planc. 3, 6:

mater caeca crudelitate et scelere,

id. Clu. 70, 199:

cupidine,

Sall. J. 25, 7:

amentiā,

Cic. Har. Resp. 23, 48:

quem mala stultitia Caecum agit,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 44:

amatorem amicae Turpia decipiunt caecum vitia,

id. ib. 1, 3, 39:

mens,

Tac. Agr. 43.—With ad:

caecus ad has belli artes,

Liv. 21, 54, 3.—With gen.:

caecus animi,

Quint. 1, 10, 29; Gell. 12, 13, 4:

fati futuri,

ignorant of, Luc. 2, 14; cf. Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 138.— Subst.: Caeci, ōrum, m., the blind people, i.e. the people of Chalcedon, according to the oracle at Delphi. Tac. A. 12, 63; cf. Plin. 5, 32, 43, § 149. —

Meton. of the passions themselves:

caeca honorum cupido,

Lucr. 3, 59; Ov. M. 3, 620:

ac temeraria dominatrix animi cupiditas,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2; id. Pis. 24, 57:

exspectatio,

id. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

amor,

Ov. F. 2, 762:

amor sui,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 14:

festinatio,

Liv. 22, 39, 22:

furor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 13:

caeca et sopita socordia,

Quint. 1, 2, 5:

ambitio,

Sen. Ben. 7, 26, 4.—

Pregn., blind, i.e. at random, vague, indiscriminate, aimless:

in hac calumniā timoris et caecae suspitionis tormento,

Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4:

caeco quodam timore... quaerebant aliquem ducem,

id. Lig. 1, 3:

caecique in nubibus ignes Terrificant animos,

Verg. A. 4, 209:

caeca regens filo vestigia,

id. ib. 6, 30:

ne sint caecae, pater, exsecrationes tuae,

Liv. 40, 10, 1:

et caeco flentque paventque metu,

Ov. F. 2, 822:

lymphatis caeco pavore animis,

Tac. H. 1, 82:

cervus... Caeco timore proximam villam petit,

Phaedr. 2, 8, 3:

timor,

Ov. Am. 1, 4, 42.—

Transf.

Of plants, without buds or eyes:

rami,

Plin. 16, 30, 54, § 125; cf. caeco and oculus. —

Of the large intestine:

intestinum,

the cœcum, Cels. 4, 1, 28; 4, 14, 1.—

Pass., that cannot be seen, or trop., that cannot be known, invisible, concealed, hidden, secret, obscure, dark.

Lit.: sunt igitur venti nimirum corpora caeca, winds are accordingly bodies, although invisible, Lucr. 1, 278; 1, 296; 1, 329;

2, 713: vallum caecum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 28; cf.: caecum vallum dicitur, in quo praeacuti pali terrae affixi herbis vel frondibus occuluntur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 44 Müll.; so,

fossae,

covered, Col. 2, 2, 9; Pall. Mai, 3. 1:

in vada caeca ferre,

Verg. A. 1, 536:

fores,

private, id. ib. 2, 453:

spiramenta,

id. G. 1, 89:

colubri,

Col. 10, 231:

ignis,

Lucr. 4, 929:

venenum,

id. 6, 822:

tabes,

Ov. M. 9, 174:

viae,

blind ways, Tib. 2, 1, 78:

insidiae armaque,

Ov. F 2, 214; cf. Sil. 5, 3:

saxa,

Verg. A. 3, 706; 5, 164:

vulnus,

a secret wound, Lucr. 4, 1116;

but also,

a wound upon the back, Verg. A. 10, 733; cf.

in the same sense, ictus,

Liv. 34, 14, 11; Sil. 9, 105 (cf.: caecum corpus, the back, I. A. supra):

caeca manus, i.e. abscondita,

Ov. M. 12, 492:

caecum domūs scelus,

Verg. A. 1, 356.—

Trop.:

caecas exponere causas,

Lucr. 3, 317:

improba navigii ratio, tum caeca jacebat,

lay still concealed, id. 5, 1004; so,

venti potestas,

id. 3, 248; 3, 270: fluctus, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 449, 10:

caeca et clandestina natura,

Lucr. 1, 779:

res caecae et ab aspectūs judicio remotae,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

obscurum atque caecum,

id. Agr. 2, 14, 36:

fata,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 16:

sors,

id. S. 2, 3, 269:

tumultus,

secret conspiracies, Verg. G. 1, 464:

amor,

id. ib. 3, 210; cf.:

stimulos in pectore caecos Condidit,

Ov. M. 1, 726. In Plaut. once, prob. taken from the vulgar lang.: caecā die emere, upon a concealed ( pay-) day, i.e. to purchase on credit (opp. oculata dies, i.e. for ready money): Ca. Pereo inopiā argentariā. Ba. Emito die caecā hercle olivom, id vendito oculatā die, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 67.—

By poet. license, transf. to the hearing:

murmur,

Verg. A. 12, 591 (as we, by a similar meton., say a hollow sound; cf. on the other hand, in Gr. tuphlos ta ôta); so,

clamor,

Val. Fl. 2, 461:

mugitusterrae,

Sen. Troad. 171.—

Neutr., that obstructs the sight, or trop., the perception; dark, gloomy, thick, dense, obscure.

Lit.:

nox,

Cic. Mil. 19, 50; Lucr. 1, 1108; Cat. 68, 44; Ov. M. 10, 476; 11, 521:

caligo,

Lucr. 3, 305; 4, 457; Cat. 64, 908; Verg. A. 3, 203; 8, 253:

tenebrae,

Lucr. 2, 54; 2, 746; 2, 798; 3, 87; 6, 35;

3, 87: silentia, i.e. nox,

Sil. 7, 350:

latebrae,

Lucr. 1, 409:

iter,

Ov. M. 10, 456:

loca,

Prop. 1, 19, 8:

cavernae,

Ov. M. 15, 299; Sil. 7, 372:

latus,

Verg. A. 2, 19:

cubiculum si fenestram non habet, dicitur caecum,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 58 Müll.; so,

domus,

without windows, Cic. Or. 67, 224:

parietes,

Verg. A. 5, 589:

pulvis,

id. ib. 12, 444:

carcer,

id. ib. 6, 734:

sardonyches,

not transparent, opaque, Plin. 37, 6, 23, § 86:

smaragdi,

id. 37, 5, 18, § 68: acervus (of chaos), chaotic, confused, Ov M. 1, 24; Col. 4, 32, 4' chaos, Sen. Med. 741, Sil. 11, 456.—

Trop., uncertain, doubtful: obscurā spe et caecā exspectatione pendere, i.e. of an uncertain consequence or result, Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

quod temere fit caeco casu,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15. cursus (Fortunae), Luc. 2, 567:

eventus,

Verg. A. 6, 157:

caeci morbi, quorum causas ne medici quidem perspicere queunt,

Col. 1, 5, 6; so,

dolores,

Plin. 29, 2, 10, § 38; 29, 3, 13, § 55:

crimen,

that cannot be proved, Liv. 45, 31, 11.— Subst.: caecum, i, n., uncertainty, obscurity ( poet.):

verum in caeco esse,

Manil. 4, 304.—

* Comp., Hor. S. 1, 2, 91.— Sup. and adv. not in. use.

Caecus, i, m.; agnomen of Appius Claudius Crassus, as being blind, Cic. Brut. 14, 55; cf. Liv. 9, 29, 11; Cic. Sen. 6, 16.

caecus (not coecus; sometimes in MSS. cēcus), a, um, adj. [akin to skia, skotos; Sanscr. khāyā, shadow], having no light, devoid of light.

Act., not seeing, blind.

Lit.:

Appius, qui caecus annos multos fuit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 38, 112:

traditum est enim Homerum caecum fuisse,

id. ib. 5, 39, 114; Lucr. 5, 839:

catuli, qui jam dispecturi sunt, caeci aeque et hi qui modo nati,

Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64:

si facie miserabili senis, caeci, infantis,

Quint. 4, 1, 42:

caecum corpus,

the blind part of the body, the back, Sall. J. 107, 1:

perdices caecae impetu,

Plin. 10, 33, 51, § 102:

gigni,

Vell. 1, 5, 2.—

Prov.:

ut si Caecus iter monstrare velit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 4:

apparet id quidem etiam caeco,

even a blind man can see that, Liv. 32, 34, 3:

caecis hoc, ut aiunt, satis clarum est,

Quint. 12, 7, 9.—

Trop., mentally or morally blind, blinded (freq. in prose and poetry):

o pectora caeca!

Lucr. 2, 14:

non solum ipsa Fortuna caeca est, sed eos etiam plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est,

Cic. Lael. 15, 54; cf.

casus,

id. Div. 2, 6, 15:

caecus atque amens tribunus,

id. Sest. 7, 17:

caecum me et praecipitem ferri,

id. Planc. 3, 6:

mater caeca crudelitate et scelere,

id. Clu. 70, 199:

cupidine,

Sall. J. 25, 7:

amentiā,

Cic. Har. Resp. 23, 48:

quem mala stultitia Caecum agit,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 44:

amatorem amicae Turpia decipiunt caecum vitia,

id. ib. 1, 3, 39:

mens,

Tac. Agr. 43.—With ad:

caecus ad has belli artes,

Liv. 21, 54, 3.—With gen.:

caecus animi,

Quint. 1, 10, 29; Gell. 12, 13, 4:

fati futuri,

ignorant of, Luc. 2, 14; cf. Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 138.— Subst.: Caeci, ōrum, m., the blind people, i.e. the people of Chalcedon, according to the oracle at Delphi. Tac. A. 12, 63; cf. Plin. 5, 32, 43, § 149. —

Meton. of the passions themselves:

caeca honorum cupido,

Lucr. 3, 59; Ov. M. 3, 620:

ac temeraria dominatrix animi cupiditas,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2; id. Pis. 24, 57:

exspectatio,

id. Agr. 2, 25, 66:

amor,

Ov. F. 2, 762:

amor sui,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 14:

festinatio,

Liv. 22, 39, 22:

furor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 13:

caeca et sopita socordia,

Quint. 1, 2, 5:

ambitio,

Sen. Ben. 7, 26, 4.—

Pregn., blind, i.e. at random, vague, indiscriminate, aimless:

in hac calumniā timoris et caecae suspitionis tormento,

Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4:

caeco quodam timore... quaerebant aliquem ducem,

id. Lig. 1, 3:

caecique in nubibus ignes Terrificant animos,

Verg. A. 4, 209:

caeca regens filo vestigia,

id. ib. 6, 30:

ne sint caecae, pater, exsecrationes tuae,

Liv. 40, 10, 1:

et caeco flentque paventque metu,

Ov. F. 2, 822:

lymphatis caeco pavore animis,

Tac. H. 1, 82:

cervus... Caeco timore proximam villam petit,

Phaedr. 2, 8, 3:

timor,

Ov. Am. 1, 4, 42.—

Transf.

Of plants, without buds or eyes:

rami,

Plin. 16, 30, 54, § 125; cf. caeco and oculus. —

Of the large intestine:

intestinum,

the cœcum, Cels. 4, 1, 28; 4, 14, 1.—

Pass., that cannot be seen, or trop., that cannot be known, invisible, concealed, hidden, secret, obscure, dark.

Lit.: sunt igitur venti nimirum corpora caeca, winds are accordingly bodies, although invisible, Lucr. 1, 278; 1, 296; 1, 329;

2, 713: vallum caecum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 28; cf.: caecum vallum dicitur, in quo praeacuti pali terrae affixi herbis vel frondibus occuluntur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 44 Müll.; so,

fossae,

covered, Col. 2, 2, 9; Pall. Mai, 3. 1:

in vada caeca ferre,

Verg. A. 1, 536:

fores,

private, id. ib. 2, 453:

spiramenta,

id. G. 1, 89:

colubri,

Col. 10, 231:

ignis,

Lucr. 4, 929:

venenum,

id. 6, 822:

tabes,

Ov. M. 9, 174:

viae,

blind ways, Tib. 2, 1, 78:

insidiae armaque,

Ov. F 2, 214; cf. Sil. 5, 3:

saxa,

Verg. A. 3, 706; 5, 164:

vulnus,

a secret wound, Lucr. 4, 1116;

but also,

a wound upon the back, Verg. A. 10, 733; cf.

in the same sense, ictus,

Liv. 34, 14, 11; Sil. 9, 105 (cf.: caecum corpus, the back, I. A. supra):

caeca manus, i.e. abscondita,

Ov. M. 12, 492:

caecum domūs scelus,

Verg. A. 1, 356.—

Trop.:

caecas exponere causas,

Lucr. 3, 317:

improba navigii ratio, tum caeca jacebat,

lay still concealed, id. 5, 1004; so,

venti potestas,

id. 3, 248; 3, 270: fluctus, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 449, 10:

caeca et clandestina natura,

Lucr. 1, 779:

res caecae et ab aspectūs judicio remotae,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

obscurum atque caecum,

id. Agr. 2, 14, 36:

fata,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 16:

sors,

id. S. 2, 3, 269:

tumultus,

secret conspiracies, Verg. G. 1, 464:

amor,

id. ib. 3, 210; cf.:

stimulos in pectore caecos Condidit,

Ov. M. 1, 726. In Plaut. once, prob. taken from the vulgar lang.: caecā die emere, upon a concealed ( pay-) day, i.e. to purchase on credit (opp. oculata dies, i.e. for ready money): Ca. Pereo inopiā argentariā. Ba. Emito die caecā hercle olivom, id vendito oculatā die, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 67.—

By poet. license, transf. to the hearing:

murmur,

Verg. A. 12, 591 (as we, by a similar meton., say a hollow sound; cf. on the other hand, in Gr. tuphlos ta ôta); so,

clamor,

Val. Fl. 2, 461:

mugitusterrae,

Sen. Troad. 171.—

Neutr., that obstructs the sight, or trop., the perception; dark, gloomy, thick, dense, obscure.

Lit.:

nox,

Cic. Mil. 19, 50; Lucr. 1, 1108; Cat. 68, 44; Ov. M. 10, 476; 11, 521:

caligo,

Lucr. 3, 305; 4, 457; Cat. 64, 908; Verg. A. 3, 203; 8, 253:

tenebrae,

Lucr. 2, 54; 2, 746; 2, 798; 3, 87; 6, 35;

3, 87: silentia, i.e. nox,

Sil. 7, 350:

latebrae,

Lucr. 1, 409:

iter,

Ov. M. 10, 456:

loca,

Prop. 1, 19, 8:

cavernae,

Ov. M. 15, 299; Sil. 7, 372:

latus,

Verg. A. 2, 19:

cubiculum si fenestram non habet, dicitur caecum,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 58 Müll.; so,

domus,

without windows, Cic. Or. 67, 224:

parietes,

Verg. A. 5, 589:

pulvis,

id. ib. 12, 444:

carcer,

id. ib. 6, 734:

sardonyches,

not transparent, opaque, Plin. 37, 6, 23, § 86:

smaragdi,

id. 37, 5, 18, § 68: acervus (of chaos), chaotic, confused, Ov M. 1, 24; Col. 4, 32, 4' chaos, Sen. Med. 741, Sil. 11, 456.—