off+level

aequo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [aequus].

Act., to make one thing equal to another; constr. with cum and (in gen. in the histt.) with dat., and with cop. conj. (cf. adaequo).

With cum:

inventum est temperamentum, quo tenuiores cum principibus aequari se putarent,

Cic. Leg. 3, 10:

cum suas quisque opes cum potentissimis aequari videat,

Caes. B. G. 6, 22:

numerum (corporum) cum navibus,

Verg. A. 1, 193.—

With dat.:

Insedabiliter sitis arida, corpora mersans, Aequabat multum parvis umoribus imbrem,

an unquenchable, burning thirst... made the most copious stream seem to them as only a few drops, Lucr. 6, 1176:

per somnum vinumque dies noctibus aequare,

Liv. 31, 41:

aequavit togatus armati gloriam collegae,

id. 4, 10, 8:

cujus magnitudini semper animum aequavit,

id. 33, 21, 3 (but in id. 6, 20, 8, facta dictis aequando, dictis is abl.; v Weissenb. ad h. l.); Vell. 2, 127;

aequare solo templum,

to level with the ground, Tac. A. 1, 51;

so domum,

Quint. 3, 7, 20, and Aur. Vict. Vir. lllustr. 17. 5;

and in an extended sense: Scipio Numantiam excisam aequavit solo,

Vell. 2, 4.—Hence, trop.: solo aequandae sunt dictaturae consulatusque, entirely abolished, Liv 6, 18.—

With cop. conj.:

Curios aequare Fabriciosque,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 18, 2. — Poet.:

si protinus illum Aequāsset nocti ludum,

had played through the whole night, Verg. A. 9, 338.—Hence also,

In comparison, to place a thing on an equality with, to compare.; in Cic. with cum; later with dat.:

aequare et conferre scelera alicujus cum aliis,

Cic. Verr. 1, 1, 8:

ne aequaveritis Hannibali Philippum, ne Carthaginiensibus Macedonas: Pyrrho certe aequabitis,

Liv. 31, 7:

Deum homini non aequabo,

Vulg. Job, 32, 21:

quis in nubibus aequabitur Domino,

ib. Psa. 88, 7.—

Of places, to make level, even, or smooth:

aequata agri planities,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48;

and trop.: aequato discrimine,

at an equal distance, Lucr. 5, 690:

aequato omnium periculo,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

aequato Marte,

Liv. 1, 25:

aequato jure omnium,

id. 2, 3.— Poet.: ibant aequati numero, [p. 58] divided into equal parts, Verg. A. 7, 698:

foedera regum Vel Gabiis vel cum rigidis aequata Sabinis, i. e. aequis legibus icta,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 25; cf.:

si foedus est, si societas aequatio juris est... cur non omnia aequantur?

placed in the same circumstances? Liv. 8, 4.—

T. t.

Aequare frontem, milit. t., to make an equal front, Liv. 5, 38:

aequatis frontibus,

Tib. 4, 1, 102; v. frons.—

Aequare sortes, to see that the lots are equal in number to those who draw, of the same material, and each with a different name. The classical passage for this phrase is Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 35: conicite sortes: uxor, aequa (sc. eas); v. the preceding verses. So Cic. Fragm. Or. Corn. 1, p. 449 Orell.: dum sitella defertur, dum aequantur sortes, dum sortitio fit, etc.—

Neutr. or act., to become equal to one, to equal, come up to, attain to (mostly in the histt.); constr. with dat., but oftener with acc. (cf. adaequo and aequipero, and Zumpt, §

389, 1): qui jam illis fere aequārunt,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3; Ov. M. 6, 21:

ea arte aequāsset superiores reges, ni, etc.,

Liv. 1, 53; so,

cursu equum,

id. 31, 35;

for which Curtius: cursum alicujus, 4, 1: gloriam alicujus,

Suet. Caes. 55:

eam picturam imitati sunt multi, aequavit nemo,

Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 126; Luc. 3, 456.— Poet.: sagitta aequans ventos, like the winds in swiftness, Verg. A. 10, 248:

valet nondum munia comparis Aequare (juvenca),

i. e. cannot yet draw even with her mate, Hor. C. 2, 5, 2.

lībrātĭo, ōnis, f. [libro].

A making level, levelling:

fortasse qui Archimedis libros legit, dicet non posse fieri veram ex aqua librationem,

Vitr. 8, 6, 3.—

A horizontal position, level:

circa terrae librationem,

Vitr. 6, 1, 5.—

A hurling off, hurling, slinging, Diom. p. 473 P.

rĕcĭdo, reccidi (better than recidi; cf. Cic. Rep. 2, 8, 14), cāsum (recasurus, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 12; Suet. Aug. 96; Gai. Inst. 1, 127), 3 (with e long, Lucr. 1, 857; 1063; 5, 280; Prop. 4 (5), 8, 44; Ov. M. 6, 212; 10, 18; 180; id. R. Am. 611; Juv. 12, 54; Phaedr. 3, 18, 15 al.;

prob., also,

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 54, and Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 39; v. the art. re), v. n., to fall back (class., and very freq., esp. in the trop. signif.; but not found in Virg. or Hor.).

Lit.: neque posse e terris in loca caeli Recidere inferiora, Lucr. 1, 1063:

quia et recidant omnia in terras et oriantur e terris,

Cic. N. D. 2, 26, 66:

ramulum adductum, ut remissus esset, in oculum suum reccidisse,

had sprung back, recoiled, id. Div. 1, 54, 123:

quem (discum) libratum in auras Misit... Recidit in solidam longo post tempore terram Pondus,

Ov. M. 10, 180:

etiam si recta recciderat (navis),

Liv. 24, 34; Prop. 4 (5), 8, 44 et saep.:

in collum Benjamin,

Vulg. Gen. 45, 14.— Absol.:

amictum recidentem,

Quint. 11, 3, 162.—

Trop., to fall back, return:

in graviorem morbum recidere,

to relapse, Liv. 24, 29;

so alone: ab his me remediis noli in istam turbam vocare, ne recidam,

Cic. Att. 12, 21, 5; cf.:

(quartanae) ne recidant,

Plin. 28, 16, 66, § 228:

post interitum Tatii cum ad eum (sc. Romulum) potentatus omnis reccidisset,

Cic. Rep. 2, 8, 14:

praestat in eandem illam recidere fortunam,

id. Sest. 69, 146; cf.:

Syracusae in antiquam servitutem recciderunt,

Liv. 24, 32 fin.:

quippe celebratam Macedonum fortitudinem ad ludibrium reccidisse verebatur,

Curt. 9, 7, 23:

in invidiam,

Nep. Alcib. 7, 1.—So freq. of an evil, to fall back, recoil upon any one, esp. upon the author of it: omnes in te istaec recident contumeliae, * Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 54:

ut hujus amentiae poena in ipsum familiamque ejus recidat,

Cic. Phil. 4, 4, 10:

suspicionem in vosmet ipsos recidere,

id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79: hunc casum ad ipsos recidere posse demonstrant, * Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

quae in adversarios recidunt,

Quint. 9, 2, 49:

quod in ipsam recidat,

Ov. M. 6, 212:

consilia in ipsorum caput recidentia,

Liv. 36, 29; cf. Curt. 9, 5, 25:

periculosa et adversa cuncta in illos recasura,

Suet. Aug. 96:

in me haec omnia mala recciderunt,

Vulg. Gen. 42, 36. —

(With the idea of cadere predominating.) To fall somewhere, to light upon, happen, occur, = redigi; constr. with ad, in, or an adv. of direction.

With ad:

ex laetitiā et voluptate ad ludum et lacrimas,

Cic. Sull. 32, 91: ex liberatore patriae ad Aquilios se Vitelliosque reccidisse, had sunk to a level with the Aquilii and Vitellii, i. e. had come to be regarded as a traitor, Liv. 2, 7: sinere artem musicam Recidere ad paucos, to fall into the possession of a few, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 39:

tantum apparatum ad nihilum recidere,

to come to naught, Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 27:

ad nilum,

Lucr. 1, 857; Cic. Or. 70, 233:

ad nihil,

id. Att. 4, 16, 12.—

With in, Lucr. 5, 280:

quae (tela), si viginti quiessem dies, in aliorum vigiliam consulum reccidissent,

Cic. Planc. 37, 90; cf. id. Att. 1, 1, 2; id. Phil. 13, 9, 19:

rex ut in eam fortunam recideret,

Liv. 44, 31 fin.:

omnis impensa in cassum recidat,

Col. 4, 3, 5:

mundi, In quem reccidimus, quidquid mortale creamur,

Ov. M. 10, 18.—

With an adv. of direction:

huccine tandem omnia recciderunt, ut civis Romanus... in foro virgis caederetur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 63, § 163:

eo regiae majestatis imperium,

Liv. 4, 2:

eo res,

Quint. 2, 10, 3:

illuc, ut, etc.,

Juv. 12, 54:

ex quantis opibus quo reccidissent Carthaginiensium res,

Liv. 30, 42:

pleraque, quo debuerint, reccidisse,

id. 25, 31; cf. id. 4, 2:

quorsum responsum recidat,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 43.

rĕ-cīdo, di, sum, 3, v. a. [caedo], to cut away, cut down, cut off (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Lit.:

vepres,

Cato, R. R. 2, 4; cf.:

malleolos ad imum articulum,

Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 160:

sceptrum imo de stirpe,

Verg. A. 12, 208;

for which: laurum imā stirpe,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 76 (cf. II.):

ceras inanes,

empty cells, Verg. G. 4, 241:

hirsutam barbam falce,

Ov. M. 13, 766:

caput,

id. ib. 9, 71:

immedicabile vulnus Ense recidendum est,

id. ib. 1, 191:

pollicem alicui,

Quint. 8, 5, 12:

comas,

Mart. 1, 32, 4; cf.

capillos,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27 fin.:

ungues,

Plin. 10, 35, 52, § 106:

columnas,

to hew out, Hor. C. 2, 18, 4:

fustes,

id. ib. 3, 6, 40:

ancile ab omni parte recisum,

Ov. F. 3, 377:

mella,

i. e. to take out, Pall. Jun. 7, 2.—

Of persons: cuncti simul ense recisi,

cut down, Luc. 2, 194.— Poet.:

fulgorem sideribus,

to rob the stars of their brightness, Stat. Th. 12, 310:

gramina morsu,

to devour, Calp. Ecl. 2, 45.—

Trop. (borrowed from agriculture), to lop off, cut short, retrench, abridge, diminish:

perquam multa recidam ex orationibus Ciceronis,

Quint. 12, 10, 52; cf. id. 12, 10, 55:

inanem loquacitatem,

id. 10, 5, 22: ambitiosa [p. 1532] ornamenta, Hor. A. P. 447:

omne quod ultra Perfectum traheretur,

id. S. 1, 10, 69: nationes partim recisas, partim repressas, * Cic. Prov. Cons. 12, 31:

mercedes scaenicorum,

Suet. Tib. 34 init.:

armaturas mirmillonum,

to lessen, id. Calig. 55:

ornandi potestatem,

Quint. 2, 16, 4:

facultatem aliter acquirendi,

id. 12, 7, 10:

impedimenta,

to diminish, obviate, Front. Strat. 4, 1, 7; cf.

occupationes,

Sen. Q. N. 3 praef.:

culpam supplicio,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 34; cf.:

cum magnis parva mineris Falce recisurum simili te,

id. S. 1, 3, 123: vitia a stirpe, Claud. ap. Ruf. 1, 56; and:

aliquid priscum ad morem,

i. e. to reduce within the limits of ancient manners, Tac. A. 3, 53.—Hence, rĕcīsus, a, um, P.a., shortened, abridged; short, brief:

opus,

Vell. 2, 89, 1:

ea recisa in unum librum coartasse,

Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 8.— Comp.:

tempus recisius (opp. longius),

Dig. 47, 21, 2.— Sup. and adv. do not occur.

* * *

dī-rĭgo or dērĭgo (the latter form preferred by Roby, L. G. 2, p. 387; cf. Rib. Proleg. ad Verg. p. 401 sq.; so Liv. 21, 19, 1; 21, 47, 8; 22, 28 Weissenb.; id. 22, 47, 2 Drak.; Lach. ad Lucr. 4, 609; Tac. A. 6, 40 Ritter; acc. to Brambach, s. v., the two forms are different words, de-rigo meaning to give a particular direction to; di-rigo, to arrange in distinct lines, set or move different ways; cf. describo and discribo. But the distinction is not observed in the MSS. and edd. generally), rexi, rectum, 3 ( perf. sync. direxti, Verg. A. 6, 57), v. a. [dis-rego], to lay straight, set in a straight line, to arrange, draw up (class.; cf.: guberno, collineo, teneo).

Lit.

In gen.:

coronam si diviseris, arcus erit: si direxeris, virga,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 10:

haec directa materia injecta consternebantur,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 8:

crates,

id. B. C. 3, 46, 5:

naves ante portum,

Liv. 37, 31; cf.:

naves in pugnam,

id. 22, 19:

vicos,

i. e. to build regularly, id. 5, 55; cf.

castella,

Flor. 4, 12, 26:

molem recta fronte,

Curt. 4, 3 et saep.:

regiones lituo,

i. e. to lay out, bound, Cic. Div. 1, 17; cf.:

finem alicui veterem viam regiam,

Liv. 39, 27.—Esp. freq.:

aciem,

to draw up the troops in battle array, Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 5; Liv. 21, 47 fin.; 34, 28; Front. Strat. 1, 12, 3; 2, 1, 4 et saep.; cf.

frontem,

Quint. 2, 13, 3; 5, 13, 11:

membrana plumbo derecta,

ruled with a lead-pencil, Cat. 22, 7.—

Perh. i. q., to split, cleave in twain:

elephantum machaeră dirigit,

Plaut. Curc. 3, 54 (dub.); cf.: dirigere apud Plautum invenitur pro discidere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69, 15 Müll.—

In partic., with respect to the terminus, to send in a straight line, to direct to a place (so most freq.):

ex vestigio vela ad castra Corneliana,

Caes. B. C. 2, 25, 6:

aciem ad te,

Cat. 63, 56:

cursum ad litora,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25, 4: iter ad Mutinam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 112 et saep.—Afterwards more freq. with in:

equum in consulem,

Liv. 2, 6:

currum in hostem,

Ov. M. 12, 78:

tela manusque in corpus Aeacidae,

Verg. A. 6, 57; Front. Strat. 3, 3, 4:

hastam in te,

Ov. M. 8, 66; cf.:

dentes in inguina,

id. ib. 8, 400:

cursum in Africam,

Vell. 2, 19 fin.:

cursum per auras in lucos,

Verg. A. 6, 195 et saep.:

navem eo,

Nep. Chabr. 4, 2:

gressum huc,

Verg. A. 5, 162; 11, 855 et saep.; and poet. with the dat.:

Ilo hastam,

Verg. A. 10, 401 et saep.—Without designating the limit:

ab iisdem (Etesiis) maritimi cursus (i. e. navium) celeres et certi diriguntur,

to be directed, steered, Cic. N. D. 2, 53:

iter navis,

Ov. F. 1, 4:

cursum,

Front. Strat. 3, 13, 6; esp. freq. of weapons, to aim, direct:

spicula,

Verg. A. 7, 497; Ov. M. 12, 606:

hastile,

Verg. A. 12, 490:

tela,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 18:

sagittas,

Suet. Dom. 19 et saep.— Poet.:

vulnera,

Verg. A. 10, 140; Sil. 2, 92 Drak.; Tac. H. 2, 35; cf.:

vulnera alicui,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 160.

Trop.

In gen., to set in order, arrange (very rare):

materias divisione dirigere,

Quint. 2, 6, 1.—Far more freq. (esp. in Cic. and Quint.),

In partic.: aliquid ad or in aliquid; also: aliqua re, to direct, guide, arrange a thing either to something (as its aim, scope) or according to something (as its rule or pattern).

With ad: meas cogitationes sic dirigo, non ad illam parvulam Cynosuram sed, etc., Ac. 2, 20, 66; cf.:

orationem ad exempla,

id. Rep. 2, 31 fin.; Quint. 10, 2, 1:

judicium ad ea,

id. 6, 5, 2:

se ad id quod, etc.,

id. 12, 3, 8; cf.:

se ad ea effingenda,

id. 10, 1, 127:

praecipua rerum ad famam,

Tac. A. 4, 40 et saep.—In a different sense (viz., with ad equiv. to secundum, v. ad):

in verbis et eligendis et collocandis nihil non ad rationem,

Cic. Brut. 37, 140:

vitam ad certam rationis normam,

to conform, id. Mur. 2:

leges hominum ad naturam,

id. Leg. 2, 5 fin.; id. Or. 2 fin. et saep.—

With in (not so in Cic.):

tota mente (intentionem) in opus ipsum,

Quint. 10, 3, 28:

communes locos in vitia,

id. 2, 1, 11; Front. Strat. 3, 2, 2 et saep.—

With abl. (only in Cic.):

quos (fines) utilitate aut voluptate dirigunt,

Cic. Fin. 5, 20 fin.:

omnia voluptate,

id. ib. 2, 22, 71:

utilitatem honestate,

id. Off. 3, 21, 83:

haec normā,

id. de Or. 3, 49, 190.—

Without an object:

(divinatio) ad veritatem saepissime dirigit,

Cic. Div. 1, 14 fin. —

With acc. only: epistolam (sc. ad aliquem), to write, Capit. Clod. Alb. 2.—

With adversus, Quint. 5, 7, 6.—Hence, dīrectus ( dērectus), a, um, P. a., made straight, straight, direct, whether horizontally or perpendicularly; straight, level; upright, steep.

Lit.:

auditus flexuosum iter habet, ne quid intrare possit, si simplex et directum pateret,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; cf.

aes (tubae), opp. flexum,

Ov. M. 1, 98:

iter,

Caes. B. C. 3, 79, 2: latera, id. B. G. 7, 72, 1; cf.

trabes,

id. ib. 7, 23, 1:

ordo (olearum),

Cic. Caecin. 8, 22:

arcus (opp. obliquus),

Ov. M. 2, 129:

paries,

i. e. that cuts another at right angles, Cic. Top. 4: ut directiores ictus flant, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 2:

praeruptus locus utraque ex parte directus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 4; cf. id. ib. 2, 24, 3:

(Henna) ab omni aditu circumcisa atque directa,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48 Zumpt N. cr.:

cornu,

Caes. B. G. 6, 26.— Subst.: dī-rectum, i, n., a straight line:

in directo pedum VIII. esse, in anfracto XVI.,

in a straight line, Varr. L. L. 7, § 15 Müll.; so,

altitudo (montis) per directum IV. M. pass.,

Plin. 5, 22, 18, § 80; cf. id. 3, 5, 9, § 66 al.:

cadere in directum moderate (with exire per devexum),

Sen. Q. N. 6, 20; Vulg. Ezech. 47, 20 al.—

Trop., straightforward, unceremonious, open, simple, direct:

o praeclaram beate vivendi et apertam et simplicem et directam viam,

Cic. Fin. 1, 18; cf.:

iter ad laudem,

id. Cael. 17, 41:

vera illa et directa ratio,

id. ib. 18:

tristis ac directus senex,

id. ib. 16, 38; cf.:

quid est in judicio? Directum, asperum, simplex, SI PARET HS ICCC DARI,

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:

percunctatio et denuntiatio belli,

Liv. 21, 19; cf.

contiones,

Just. 38, 3 fin. (v. obliquus):

verba,

Cod. Just. 6, 23, 15:

actio,

Dig. 3, 5, 46; 9, 4, 26 et saep.; cf.

institutio (opp. precaria),

id. 29, 1, 19:

libertates (opp. fideicommissariae),

id. 29, 4, 12.— Adv.

dīrectē, directly, straight (very rare):

dicere,

Cic. Part. Or. 7, 24:

ire,

Vulg. Sap. 5, 22.—Far more freq.,

dīrectō, directly, straight:

deorsum ferri,

Cic. N. D. 1, 25:

transversas trabes,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9, 2:

ad fidem spectare,

Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46; so id. Div. 2, 61 fin. (opp. anfractus and circuitio); Liv. 1, 11 fin.; Sen. Ep. 66; Dig. 9, 4, 26 al. —

dīrectā:

quo magis ursimus alte directā,

press deep down perpendicularly, Lucr. 2, 198.—

dīrectim, straightway, directly (post-class.), App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 34; Macr. S. 7, 12 fin.—Comp.:

directius gubernare,

Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66.— Sup. seems not to occur either in the adj. or in the adv.

dī-rĭgo or dērĭgo (the latter form preferred by Roby, L. G. 2, p. 387; cf. Rib. Proleg. ad Verg. p. 401 sq.; so Liv. 21, 19, 1; 21, 47, 8; 22, 28 Weissenb.; id. 22, 47, 2 Drak.; Lach. ad Lucr. 4, 609; Tac. A. 6, 40 Ritter; acc. to Brambach, s. v., the two forms are different words, de-rigo meaning to give a particular direction to; di-rigo, to arrange in distinct lines, set or move different ways; cf. describo and discribo. But the distinction is not observed in the MSS. and edd. generally), rexi, rectum, 3 ( perf. sync. direxti, Verg. A. 6, 57), v. a. [dis-rego], to lay straight, set in a straight line, to arrange, draw up (class.; cf.: guberno, collineo, teneo).

Lit.

In gen.:

coronam si diviseris, arcus erit: si direxeris, virga,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 10:

haec directa materia injecta consternebantur,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 8:

crates,

id. B. C. 3, 46, 5:

naves ante portum,

Liv. 37, 31; cf.:

naves in pugnam,

id. 22, 19:

vicos,

i. e. to build regularly, id. 5, 55; cf.

castella,

Flor. 4, 12, 26:

molem recta fronte,

Curt. 4, 3 et saep.:

regiones lituo,

i. e. to lay out, bound, Cic. Div. 1, 17; cf.:

finem alicui veterem viam regiam,

Liv. 39, 27.—Esp. freq.:

aciem,

to draw up the troops in battle array, Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 5; Liv. 21, 47 fin.; 34, 28; Front. Strat. 1, 12, 3; 2, 1, 4 et saep.; cf.

frontem,

Quint. 2, 13, 3; 5, 13, 11:

membrana plumbo derecta,

ruled with a lead-pencil, Cat. 22, 7.—

Perh. i. q., to split, cleave in twain:

elephantum machaeră dirigit,

Plaut. Curc. 3, 54 (dub.); cf.: dirigere apud Plautum invenitur pro discidere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69, 15 Müll.—

In partic., with respect to the terminus, to send in a straight line, to direct to a place (so most freq.):

ex vestigio vela ad castra Corneliana,

Caes. B. C. 2, 25, 6:

aciem ad te,

Cat. 63, 56:

cursum ad litora,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25, 4: iter ad Mutinam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 112 et saep.—Afterwards more freq. with in:

equum in consulem,

Liv. 2, 6:

currum in hostem,

Ov. M. 12, 78:

tela manusque in corpus Aeacidae,

Verg. A. 6, 57; Front. Strat. 3, 3, 4:

hastam in te,

Ov. M. 8, 66; cf.:

dentes in inguina,

id. ib. 8, 400:

cursum in Africam,

Vell. 2, 19 fin.:

cursum per auras in lucos,

Verg. A. 6, 195 et saep.:

navem eo,

Nep. Chabr. 4, 2:

gressum huc,

Verg. A. 5, 162; 11, 855 et saep.; and poet. with the dat.:

Ilo hastam,

Verg. A. 10, 401 et saep.—Without designating the limit:

ab iisdem (Etesiis) maritimi cursus (i. e. navium) celeres et certi diriguntur,

to be directed, steered, Cic. N. D. 2, 53:

iter navis,

Ov. F. 1, 4:

cursum,

Front. Strat. 3, 13, 6; esp. freq. of weapons, to aim, direct:

spicula,

Verg. A. 7, 497; Ov. M. 12, 606:

hastile,

Verg. A. 12, 490:

tela,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 18:

sagittas,

Suet. Dom. 19 et saep.— Poet.:

vulnera,

Verg. A. 10, 140; Sil. 2, 92 Drak.; Tac. H. 2, 35; cf.:

vulnera alicui,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 160.

Trop.

In gen., to set in order, arrange (very rare):

materias divisione dirigere,

Quint. 2, 6, 1.—Far more freq. (esp. in Cic. and Quint.),

In partic.: aliquid ad or in aliquid; also: aliqua re, to direct, guide, arrange a thing either to something (as its aim, scope) or according to something (as its rule or pattern).

With ad: meas cogitationes sic dirigo, non ad illam parvulam Cynosuram sed, etc., Ac. 2, 20, 66; cf.:

orationem ad exempla,

id. Rep. 2, 31 fin.; Quint. 10, 2, 1:

judicium ad ea,

id. 6, 5, 2:

se ad id quod, etc.,

id. 12, 3, 8; cf.:

se ad ea effingenda,

id. 10, 1, 127:

praecipua rerum ad famam,

Tac. A. 4, 40 et saep.—In a different sense (viz., with ad equiv. to secundum, v. ad):

in verbis et eligendis et collocandis nihil non ad rationem,

Cic. Brut. 37, 140:

vitam ad certam rationis normam,

to conform, id. Mur. 2:

leges hominum ad naturam,

id. Leg. 2, 5 fin.; id. Or. 2 fin. et saep.—

With in (not so in Cic.):

tota mente (intentionem) in opus ipsum,

Quint. 10, 3, 28:

communes locos in vitia,

id. 2, 1, 11; Front. Strat. 3, 2, 2 et saep.—

With abl. (only in Cic.):

quos (fines) utilitate aut voluptate dirigunt,

Cic. Fin. 5, 20 fin.:

omnia voluptate,

id. ib. 2, 22, 71:

utilitatem honestate,

id. Off. 3, 21, 83:

haec normā,

id. de Or. 3, 49, 190.—

Without an object:

(divinatio) ad veritatem saepissime dirigit,

Cic. Div. 1, 14 fin. —

With acc. only: epistolam (sc. ad aliquem), to write, Capit. Clod. Alb. 2.—

With adversus, Quint. 5, 7, 6.—Hence, dīrectus ( dērectus), a, um, P. a., made straight, straight, direct, whether horizontally or perpendicularly; straight, level; upright, steep.

Lit.:

auditus flexuosum iter habet, ne quid intrare possit, si simplex et directum pateret,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; cf.

aes (tubae), opp. flexum,

Ov. M. 1, 98:

iter,

Caes. B. C. 3, 79, 2: latera, id. B. G. 7, 72, 1; cf.

trabes,

id. ib. 7, 23, 1:

ordo (olearum),

Cic. Caecin. 8, 22:

arcus (opp. obliquus),

Ov. M. 2, 129:

paries,

i. e. that cuts another at right angles, Cic. Top. 4: ut directiores ictus flant, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 2:

praeruptus locus utraque ex parte directus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 4; cf. id. ib. 2, 24, 3:

(Henna) ab omni aditu circumcisa atque directa,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48 Zumpt N. cr.:

cornu,

Caes. B. G. 6, 26.— Subst.: dī-rectum, i, n., a straight line:

in directo pedum VIII. esse, in anfracto XVI.,

in a straight line, Varr. L. L. 7, § 15 Müll.; so,

altitudo (montis) per directum IV. M. pass.,

Plin. 5, 22, 18, § 80; cf. id. 3, 5, 9, § 66 al.:

cadere in directum moderate (with exire per devexum),

Sen. Q. N. 6, 20; Vulg. Ezech. 47, 20 al.—

Trop., straightforward, unceremonious, open, simple, direct:

o praeclaram beate vivendi et apertam et simplicem et directam viam,

Cic. Fin. 1, 18; cf.:

iter ad laudem,

id. Cael. 17, 41:

vera illa et directa ratio,

id. ib. 18:

tristis ac directus senex,

id. ib. 16, 38; cf.:

quid est in judicio? Directum, asperum, simplex, SI PARET HS ICCC DARI,

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:

percunctatio et denuntiatio belli,

Liv. 21, 19; cf.

contiones,

Just. 38, 3 fin. (v. obliquus):

verba,

Cod. Just. 6, 23, 15:

actio,

Dig. 3, 5, 46; 9, 4, 26 et saep.; cf.

institutio (opp. precaria),

id. 29, 1, 19:

libertates (opp. fideicommissariae),

id. 29, 4, 12.— Adv.

dīrectē, directly, straight (very rare):

dicere,

Cic. Part. Or. 7, 24:

ire,

Vulg. Sap. 5, 22.—Far more freq.,

dīrectō, directly, straight:

deorsum ferri,

Cic. N. D. 1, 25:

transversas trabes,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9, 2:

ad fidem spectare,

Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46; so id. Div. 2, 61 fin. (opp. anfractus and circuitio); Liv. 1, 11 fin.; Sen. Ep. 66; Dig. 9, 4, 26 al. —

dīrectā:

quo magis ursimus alte directā,

press deep down perpendicularly, Lucr. 2, 198.—

dīrectim, straightway, directly (post-class.), App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 34; Macr. S. 7, 12 fin.—Comp.:

directius gubernare,

Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66.— Sup. seems not to occur either in the adj. or in the adv.

dī-rĭgo or dērĭgo (the latter form preferred by Roby, L. G. 2, p. 387; cf. Rib. Proleg. ad Verg. p. 401 sq.; so Liv. 21, 19, 1; 21, 47, 8; 22, 28 Weissenb.; id. 22, 47, 2 Drak.; Lach. ad Lucr. 4, 609; Tac. A. 6, 40 Ritter; acc. to Brambach, s. v., the two forms are different words, de-rigo meaning to give a particular direction to; di-rigo, to arrange in distinct lines, set or move different ways; cf. describo and discribo. But the distinction is not observed in the MSS. and edd. generally), rexi, rectum, 3 ( perf. sync. direxti, Verg. A. 6, 57), v. a. [dis-rego], to lay straight, set in a straight line, to arrange, draw up (class.; cf.: guberno, collineo, teneo).

Lit.

In gen.:

coronam si diviseris, arcus erit: si direxeris, virga,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 10:

haec directa materia injecta consternebantur,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 8:

crates,

id. B. C. 3, 46, 5:

naves ante portum,

Liv. 37, 31; cf.:

naves in pugnam,

id. 22, 19:

vicos,

i. e. to build regularly, id. 5, 55; cf.

castella,

Flor. 4, 12, 26:

molem recta fronte,

Curt. 4, 3 et saep.:

regiones lituo,

i. e. to lay out, bound, Cic. Div. 1, 17; cf.:

finem alicui veterem viam regiam,

Liv. 39, 27.—Esp. freq.:

aciem,

to draw up the troops in battle array, Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 5; Liv. 21, 47 fin.; 34, 28; Front. Strat. 1, 12, 3; 2, 1, 4 et saep.; cf.

frontem,

Quint. 2, 13, 3; 5, 13, 11:

membrana plumbo derecta,

ruled with a lead-pencil, Cat. 22, 7.—

Perh. i. q., to split, cleave in twain:

elephantum machaeră dirigit,

Plaut. Curc. 3, 54 (dub.); cf.: dirigere apud Plautum invenitur pro discidere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69, 15 Müll.—

In partic., with respect to the terminus, to send in a straight line, to direct to a place (so most freq.):

ex vestigio vela ad castra Corneliana,

Caes. B. C. 2, 25, 6:

aciem ad te,

Cat. 63, 56:

cursum ad litora,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25, 4: iter ad Mutinam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 112 et saep.—Afterwards more freq. with in:

equum in consulem,

Liv. 2, 6:

currum in hostem,

Ov. M. 12, 78:

tela manusque in corpus Aeacidae,

Verg. A. 6, 57; Front. Strat. 3, 3, 4:

hastam in te,

Ov. M. 8, 66; cf.:

dentes in inguina,

id. ib. 8, 400:

cursum in Africam,

Vell. 2, 19 fin.:

cursum per auras in lucos,

Verg. A. 6, 195 et saep.:

navem eo,

Nep. Chabr. 4, 2:

gressum huc,

Verg. A. 5, 162; 11, 855 et saep.; and poet. with the dat.:

Ilo hastam,

Verg. A. 10, 401 et saep.—Without designating the limit:

ab iisdem (Etesiis) maritimi cursus (i. e. navium) celeres et certi diriguntur,

to be directed, steered, Cic. N. D. 2, 53:

iter navis,

Ov. F. 1, 4:

cursum,

Front. Strat. 3, 13, 6; esp. freq. of weapons, to aim, direct:

spicula,

Verg. A. 7, 497; Ov. M. 12, 606:

hastile,

Verg. A. 12, 490:

tela,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 18:

sagittas,

Suet. Dom. 19 et saep.— Poet.:

vulnera,

Verg. A. 10, 140; Sil. 2, 92 Drak.; Tac. H. 2, 35; cf.:

vulnera alicui,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 160.

Trop.

In gen., to set in order, arrange (very rare):

materias divisione dirigere,

Quint. 2, 6, 1.—Far more freq. (esp. in Cic. and Quint.),

In partic.: aliquid ad or in aliquid; also: aliqua re, to direct, guide, arrange a thing either to something (as its aim, scope) or according to something (as its rule or pattern).

With ad: meas cogitationes sic dirigo, non ad illam parvulam Cynosuram sed, etc., Ac. 2, 20, 66; cf.:

orationem ad exempla,

id. Rep. 2, 31 fin.; Quint. 10, 2, 1:

judicium ad ea,

id. 6, 5, 2:

se ad id quod, etc.,

id. 12, 3, 8; cf.:

se ad ea effingenda,

id. 10, 1, 127:

praecipua rerum ad famam,

Tac. A. 4, 40 et saep.—In a different sense (viz., with ad equiv. to secundum, v. ad):

in verbis et eligendis et collocandis nihil non ad rationem,

Cic. Brut. 37, 140:

vitam ad certam rationis normam,

to conform, id. Mur. 2:

leges hominum ad naturam,

id. Leg. 2, 5 fin.; id. Or. 2 fin. et saep.—

With in (not so in Cic.):

tota mente (intentionem) in opus ipsum,

Quint. 10, 3, 28:

communes locos in vitia,

id. 2, 1, 11; Front. Strat. 3, 2, 2 et saep.—

With abl. (only in Cic.):

quos (fines) utilitate aut voluptate dirigunt,

Cic. Fin. 5, 20 fin.:

omnia voluptate,

id. ib. 2, 22, 71:

utilitatem honestate,

id. Off. 3, 21, 83:

haec normā,

id. de Or. 3, 49, 190.—

Without an object:

(divinatio) ad veritatem saepissime dirigit,

Cic. Div. 1, 14 fin. —

With acc. only: epistolam (sc. ad aliquem), to write, Capit. Clod. Alb. 2.—

With adversus, Quint. 5, 7, 6.—Hence, dīrectus ( dērectus), a, um, P. a., made straight, straight, direct, whether horizontally or perpendicularly; straight, level; upright, steep.

Lit.:

auditus flexuosum iter habet, ne quid intrare possit, si simplex et directum pateret,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; cf.

aes (tubae), opp. flexum,

Ov. M. 1, 98:

iter,

Caes. B. C. 3, 79, 2: latera, id. B. G. 7, 72, 1; cf.

trabes,

id. ib. 7, 23, 1:

ordo (olearum),

Cic. Caecin. 8, 22:

arcus (opp. obliquus),

Ov. M. 2, 129:

paries,

i. e. that cuts another at right angles, Cic. Top. 4: ut directiores ictus flant, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 2:

praeruptus locus utraque ex parte directus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 4; cf. id. ib. 2, 24, 3:

(Henna) ab omni aditu circumcisa atque directa,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48 Zumpt N. cr.:

cornu,

Caes. B. G. 6, 26.— Subst.: dī-rectum, i, n., a straight line:

in directo pedum VIII. esse, in anfracto XVI.,

in a straight line, Varr. L. L. 7, § 15 Müll.; so,

altitudo (montis) per directum IV. M. pass.,

Plin. 5, 22, 18, § 80; cf. id. 3, 5, 9, § 66 al.:

cadere in directum moderate (with exire per devexum),

Sen. Q. N. 6, 20; Vulg. Ezech. 47, 20 al.—

Trop., straightforward, unceremonious, open, simple, direct:

o praeclaram beate vivendi et apertam et simplicem et directam viam,

Cic. Fin. 1, 18; cf.:

iter ad laudem,

id. Cael. 17, 41:

vera illa et directa ratio,

id. ib. 18:

tristis ac directus senex,

id. ib. 16, 38; cf.:

quid est in judicio? Directum, asperum, simplex, SI PARET HS ICCC DARI,

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:

percunctatio et denuntiatio belli,

Liv. 21, 19; cf.

contiones,

Just. 38, 3 fin. (v. obliquus):

verba,

Cod. Just. 6, 23, 15:

actio,

Dig. 3, 5, 46; 9, 4, 26 et saep.; cf.

institutio (opp. precaria),

id. 29, 1, 19:

libertates (opp. fideicommissariae),

id. 29, 4, 12.— Adv.

dīrectē, directly, straight (very rare):

dicere,

Cic. Part. Or. 7, 24:

ire,

Vulg. Sap. 5, 22.—Far more freq.,

dīrectō, directly, straight:

deorsum ferri,

Cic. N. D. 1, 25:

transversas trabes,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9, 2:

ad fidem spectare,

Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46; so id. Div. 2, 61 fin. (opp. anfractus and circuitio); Liv. 1, 11 fin.; Sen. Ep. 66; Dig. 9, 4, 26 al. —

dīrectā:

quo magis ursimus alte directā,

press deep down perpendicularly, Lucr. 2, 198.—

dīrectim, straightway, directly (post-class.), App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 34; Macr. S. 7, 12 fin.—Comp.:

directius gubernare,

Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66.— Sup. seems not to occur either in the adj. or in the adv.

ĕdo, ēdi, ēsum, 3 ( sup.:

esum,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 13; id. Men. 3, 1, 11; id. Stich. 1, 3, 28:

esu,

id. Ps. 3, 2, 35.—The contr. forms es, est, estis, etc., are very freq. in prose and poetry:

est,

Verg. A. 4, 66; 5, 683; Hor. S. 2, 2, 57:

esset,

id. ib. 2, 6, 89; Verg. G. 1, 151:

esse,

Quint. 11, 3, 136; Juv. 15, 102:

esto,

Cato R. R. 156, 1.—Hence, also in the pass.:

estur,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 78; id. Poen. 4, 2, 13; Cels. 27, 3; Ov. Pont. 1, 1, 69; and:

essetur,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 106 Müll.—Archaic forms of the subj. praes.:

edim,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 16; id. Trin. 2, 4, 73; 74; Caecil. and Pompon. ap. Non. 507, 7:

edis,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 45; id. Trin. 2, 4, 72:

edit,

Cato R. R. 1, 56, 6; 1, 57, 9 sq.; Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 1; 3; id. Aul. 4, 6, 6; id. Poen. prol. 9; Hor. Epod. 3, 3; id. S. 2, 8, 90:

edimus,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 34:

editis, Nov. ap. Non. l. l.: edint,

Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 22), v. a. [Sanscr. ad-mi, eat; Gr. ed-ô, esthiô; Lat. edax, esca, esurio, etc.; cf. also Gr. odous, odont- Aeol. plur. edontes, dens], to eat (for syn. cf.: comedo, vescor, pascor, devoro, haurio, mando, ceno, epulor).

Lit.: ille ipse astat, quando edit, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 893; cf.

so uncontr.,

Cic. Att. 13, 52:

miserrimus est, qui cum esse cupit, quod edit non habet,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 3:

ut de symbolis essemus,

Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 2:

mergi eos (sc. pullos) in aquam jussit, ut biberent, quoniam esse nollent,

Cic. N. D. 2, 3, 7 et saep.—

Prov.

Multos modios salis simul edisse, to have eaten bushels of salt with another, i. e. to be old friends, Cic. Lael. 19.—

De patella, i. e. to show contempt for religion (v. patella), Cic. Fin. 2, 7 fin. —

Pugnos, to taste one's fists, i. e. to get a good drubbing, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 153.—

Transf.

Bona, to squander, dissipate, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 29.—

Of inanimate subjects, qs. to eat up, i. e. to consume, destroy ( poet.):

ut mala culmos Esset robigo,

Verg. G. 1, 151:

carinas lentus vapor (i. e. flamma),

id. A. 5, 683:

corpora virus,

Ov. Ib. 608 al. —

Trop., to corrode, consume, devour (almost exclusively poet.):

si quid est animum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 39; cf.:

nimium libenter edi sermonem tuum,

have devoured, Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 1:

nec te tantus edat tacitam dolor,

Verg. A. 12, 801:

nec edunt oblivia laudem,

Sil. 13, 665 et saep.

ē-do, dĭdi, dĭtum, 3, v. a., to give out, put forth, bring forth (freq. and class.).

In gen.:

foras per os est editus aër,

Lucr. 3, 122; cf.:

sputa per fauces tussi,

id. 6, 1189:

urinam,

Plin. 28, 4, 7, § 38; cf.

stercus,

Col. 2, 14: animam, to breathe out, i. e. to die, expire, Cic. Sest. 38, 83; Ov. H. 9, 62; cf.:

extremum vitae spiritum,

Cic. Phil. 12, 9:

vitam,

id. Fin. 5, 2, 4; id. Planc. 37, 90:

clamorem,

to send forth, utter, id. Div. 2, 23; cf.:

miros risus,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 10, 2:

fremitum patulis sub naribus (equus),

Lucr. 5, 1076:

voces,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 8:

dulces modos,

Ov. F. 1, 444:

questus,

id. M. 4, 588:

hinnitus,

id. ib. 2, 669:

latratus,

id. ib. 4, 451 et saep.:

Maeander in sinum maris editur,

discharges itself, Liv. 38, 13; 39, 53 fin.:

clanculum ex aedibus me edidi foras,

have slipped out, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 9.

In partic., to bring forth any thing new, to produce, beget, form, etc.

Of what is born, begotten (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

progeniem in oras luminis,

Lucr. 2, 617:

crocodilos dicunt, cum in terra partum ediderint, obruere ova, deinde discedere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 52; so,

partum,

Liv. 1, 39; cf.:

aliquem partu,

Verg. A. 7, 660; Ov. M. 4, 210; 13, 487:

aliquem maturis nisibus,

id. F. 5, 172:

geminos Latona,

id. M. 6, 336:

nepotem Atlantis (Pleïas),

id. F. 5, 664 al.: (draconem) Qui luci ediderat genitor Saturnius, idem Abdidit, Cic. Poëta Div. 2, 30, 64; cf.:

Electram maximus Atlas Edidit,

Verg. A. 8, 137.—In the pass.:

hebetes eduntur,

Quint. 1, 1, 2. —More freq. in the part.: in lucem editus, Poëta ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115 (a transl. of the Euripid. ton phunta); cf. Ov. M. 15, 221:

editus partu,

id. ib. 5, 517; 9, 678; id. F. 5, 26:

Venus aquis,

id. H. 7, 60; cf.:

Limnate flumine Gange,

id. M. 5, 48;

for which: de flumine,

id. H. 5, 10 (cf. Zumpt, Gramm. §

451): ille hac,

Ov. M. 10, 298; cf.:

Maecenas atavis regibus,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 1:

infans ex nepte Julia,

Suet. Aug. 65 et saep.—

Transf.:

(tellus) Edidit innumeras species,

Ov. M. 1, 436; cf. Liv. 21, 41:

frondem ulmus,

puts forth, Col. 5, 6, 2:

ea (sc. academia) praestantissimos in eloquentia viros edidit,

Quint. 12, 2, 25.—

Of literary productions, to put forth, to publish (class.):

de republica libros,

Cic. Brut. 5, 19; so,

librum contra suum doctorem,

id. Ac. 2, 4, 12:

annales suos,

id. Att. 2, 16, 4:

orationem scriptam,

Sall. C. 31, 6:

aliquid,

Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 7; Quint. 5, 10, 120; 3, 1, 18; 2, 1, 11; Hor. A. P. 390 et saep.—

Transf., to set forth, publish, relate, tell, utter, announce, declare = exponere;

esp. of the responses of priests and oracles, the decrees of authorities, etc.: apud eosdem (sc. censores) qui magistratu abierint edant et exponant, quid in magistratu gesserint,

Cic. Leg. 3, 20, 47; cf. Hor. S. 2, 5, 61:

ede illa, quae coeperas, et Bruto et mihi,

Cic. Brut. 5, 20:

nomen parentum,

Ov. M. 3, 580; 9, 531; Hor. S. 2, 4, 10:

veros ortus,

Ov. M. 2, 43; cf.:

auctor necis editus,

id. ib. 8, 449:

mea fata tibi,

id. 11, 668 et saep. —With acc. and inf.:

Apollo Pythius oraculum edidit, Spartam nulla re alia esse perituram, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 22, 77; cf. Liv. 40, 45; 22, 10; 42, 2.—With dupl. acc.:

auctorem doctrinae ejus falso Pythagoran edunt,

id. 1, 18; cf. id. 1, 46; 27, 27 fin.:

haec mihi, quae canerem Titio, deus edidit ore,

Tib. 1, 4, 73:

iis editis imperiis,

id. 29, 25; cf.:

edito alio tempore ac loco (with constitutum tempus et locus),

Quint. 4, 2, 98:

opinio in vulgus edita,

spread abroad, Caes. B. C. 3, 29, 3; cf. Nep. Dat. 6, 4:

consilia hostium,

i. e. to divulge, betray, Liv. 10, 27 et saep.— Poet.:

arma violentaque bella,

i. e. to sing, celebrate in song, Ov. Am. 1, 1, 1.—Hence,

Jurid. and polit. t. t., to give out, promulgate, proclaim, ordain:

qua quisque actione agere volet, eam prius edere debet. Nam aequissimum videtur, eum, qui acturus est, edere actionem, etc.,

Dig. 2, 13 (tit. De edendo), 1 sq.:

verba,

Cic. Quint. 20, 63; cf.

judicium,

id. ib. 21: tribus, said of the plaintiff in a causa sodaliciorum, to name the tribus (since he had the right, in order to choose the judges, to propose to the defendant four tribus, from which the latter could reject only one, and then to choose the judges according to his own pleasure out of the remaining three, Cic. Planc. 15, 36 sqq.:

judices editi (= editicii),

id. ib. 17, 41; cf.

Wund. Cic. Planc. p. LXXVI. sq., and see editicius: socium tibi in hujus bonis edidisti Quintium,

hast mentioned, Cic. Quint. 24 fin.:

quantum Apronius edidisset deberi, tantum ex edicto dandum erat,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 29; 2, 2, 42: mandata edita, Liv. 31, 19; cf. id. 34, 35:

ederet (consul) quid fieri velit,

to command, id. 40, 40; cf. id. 45, 34.—

Transf. beyond the jurid. sphere:

postquam hanc rationem cordi ventrique edidi, etc.,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 12.—

Of other objects, to produce, perform, bring about, cause (freq. and class.):

oves nullum fructum edere ex se sine cultu hominum et curatione possent,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158:

vitales motus,

Lucr. 3, 560:

proelia pugnasque,

id. 2, 119; 4, 1010; Liv. 8, 9; 21, 43 al.; cf.

caedem,

id. 5, 13; 10, 45 al.:

strages,

Verg. A. 9, 785 and 527:

aliquantum trepidationis,

Liv. 21, 28; cf.

tumultum,

id. 36, 19:

ruinas,

Cic. Leg. 1, 13 fin.:

scelus, facinus,

to perpetrate, id. Phil. 13, 9 fin.:

annuam operam,

i. e. to perform, Liv. 5, 4; cf. id. 3, 63; Suet. Tib. 35:

munus gladiatorium (with parare),

to exhibit, Liv. 28, 21; Suet. Calig. 18; cf.

ludos,

Tac. A. 1, 15; 3, 64; Suet. Caes. 10 al.:

spectaculum,

Tac. A. 14, 17; id. H. 2, 67; Suet. Caes. 44 et saep.:

gladiatores,

Suet. Aug. 45 et saep.:

exemplum severitatis,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 5;

so more freq.: exempla in aliquem,

Ter. Eun. 5, 6, 21; Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 12; Liv. 29, 9 fin. and 27; cf.:

scelus in aliquem,

Cic. Sest. 27.

To raise up, lift, elevate:

corpus celerem super equum,

Tib. 4, 1, 114.—Hence,

ēdĭtus, a, um, P. a. (set forth, heightened; hence, like excelsus).

Prop., of places, elevated, high, lofty (cf.:

altus, celsus, excelsus, sublimis, procerus, arduus, praeceps, profundus), opp. to flat, level (cf.: collis paululum ex planitie editus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8, 3; id. B. C. 1, 43, 2; Sall. J. 92, 5; Tac. A. 15, 27—very freq. and class.):

Henna est loco perexcelso atque edito,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48; Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 1 (with acclivis); 7, 18, 3; id. B. C. 3, 37, 4; Sall. J. 92, 5; 98, 3; Liv. 2, 50 et saep.— Comp., Caes. B. C. 1, 7, 5; 1, 43, 2; Sen. N. Q. 7, 5. — Sup., Auct. B. Alex. 28; 31; 72; Just. 2, 1, 17 al.—

Trop.:

viribus editior,

stronger, Hor. S. 1, 3, 110.— Adv. does not occur.—

ēdĭtum, i, n.

A height:

in edito,

Suet. Aug. 72:

ex edito,

Plin. 31, 3, 27.— Plur.:

edita montium,

Tac. A. 4, 46; 12, 56: in editis, Treb. Trig. Tyr. 26.—

Transf., a command, order, Ov. M. 11, 647; cf. Liv. 25, 12, 4.

ĕdo, ōnis, m. [1. edo], a glutton, Varr. ap. Non. 48, 19.

spătĭum, ii, n. [root spa-, to draw; Gr. spaô; span-, to stretch; Gr. spanis, want; cf.: penomai, penês; Germ. spannen; Dor. spadion (=stadion), race-course; cf. Lat. penuria], room, a space (very freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen.: est natura loci spatiumque profundi, Quod neque percurrere flumina possint, Nec, etc.... Usque adeo passim patet ingens copia rebus;

Finibus exemptis,

Lucr. 1, 1002; 5, 370; 1, 389:

locus ac spatium, quod inane vocamus,

id. 1, 426; cf. id. 1, 523:

per totum caeli spatium diffundere sese (solis lux),

id. 4, 202; cf.:

tres pateat caeli spatium non amplius ulnas,

Verg. E. 3, 105:

flumen Dubis paene totum oppidum cingit: reliquum spatium, quā flumen intermittit, mons continet,

Caes. B. G. 1, 38:

temporibus rerum et spatiis locorum animadversis,

id. B. C. 3, 61 fin.:

quod spatium non esset agitandi,

Nep. Eum. 5, 4:

spatium loci,

Quint. 8, 3, 84:

spatio distante,

Ov. M. 11, 715.—

In partic.

A (limited) space, distance, interval (syn. intervallum):

siderum genus spatiis immutabilibus ab ortu ad occasum commeans,

Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

magno spatio paucis diebus confecto,

Caes. B. G. 3, 29:

itineris spatium,

id. B. C. 1, 24 fin.:

viae spatium,

the distance, length, Ov. M. 8, 794:

trabes paribus intermissae spatiis (shortly before: paribus intervallis),

Caes. B. G. 7, 23; cf.:

alios ineunt cursus aliosque recursus Adversi spatiis,

Verg. A. 5, 584 Coningt. ad loc.:

hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris utrisque aberat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43:

inter duas acies tantum erat relictum spatii, ut, etc.,

id. B. C. 3, 92:

cum Viridorix contra eum duum milium spatio consedisset,

id. B. G. 3, 17:

magnum spatium abesse,

id. ib. 2, 17:

quo tanta machinatio ab tanto spatio institueretur?

id. ib. 2, 30:

tormentorum usum spatio propinquitatis interire,

id. B. C. 2, 16 fin.:

jamque tenebat Nox medium caeli spatium,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 101:

illi medio in spatio chorus Occurrit,

Verg. A. 10, 219:

dimidium fere spatium confecerat, cum, etc.,

Nep. Eum. 9, 1:

spatium discrimina fallit,

the distance, Ov. M. 8, 577.—

Size, bulk, extent:

dum spatium victi considerat hostis (serpentis),

Ov. M. 3, 95:

elephantis,

Luc. 9, 732:

oris Et colli, ov. M. 2, 672: dat spatium collo,

id. ib. 3, 195:

breve lateris,

Juv. 6, 503; cf.:

quod sit homini spatium a vestigio ad verticem,

Plin. 7, 17, 17, § 77:

spatia montis,

id. 35, 1, 1, § 2:

spatium admirabile rhombi,

very large, Juv. 4, 39:

vasti corporis,

Sen. Hippol. 806:

plantae Herculis,

Gell. 1, 1, 2: trahit aures in spatium, in length, i. e. lengthens them out, Ov. M. 11, 176; so,

in spatium,

id. ib. 2, 197; 7, 783; Sil. 13, 562.—

An open space for walking, racing, etc., in.

A walk, promenade; a public place or square, etc. (cf. ambulatio):

urbs delubris distincta spatiisque communibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 41:

templaque et innumeris spatia interstincta columnis,

i. e. colonnades, porticos, Stat. S. 3, 5, 90:

quin igitur ad illa spatia nostra sedesque pergimus, ubi cum satis erit deambulatum, requiescemus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14:

spatia silvestria,

id. ib. 1, 5, 15:

orator ex Academiae spatiis,

id. Or. 3, 12 (quoted by Quint. 12, 2, 23, and by Tac. Or. 32):

Academiae non sine causā nobilitata spatia,

Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 1: locus planis Porrectus spatiis, in level spaces, i. e. plains, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 42:

ille actus habenā Curvatis fertur spatiis,

Verg. A. 7, 381.—

A race-course, track:

sicut fortis equus, spatio qui saepe supremo Vicit Olympia,

Enn. Ann. 18, 22:

nec vero velim quasi decurso spatio a calce ad carceres revocari,

Cic. Sen. 23, 83:

amat spatiis obstantia rumpere claustra,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 9:

cum carceribus sese effudere quadrigae, Addunt in spatia,

Verg. G. 1, 513 Forbig. ad loc.:

hic ad Elei metas et maxuma campi Sudabit spatia,

id. ib. 3, 202: signoque repente Corripiunt spatia [p. 1736] audito, id. A. 5, 316:

tritumque relinquunt Quadrijugi spatium,

Ov. M. 2, 168; cf.:

equi Pulsabant pedibus spatium declivis Olympi,

id. ib. 6, 487:

abstulere me velut de spatio Graeciae res immixtae Romanis,

Liv. 35, 40, 1:

nobilis equos cursus et spatia probant,

Tac. Or. 39.—

Poet., in gen., room or space in a building:

Phocus in interius spatium pulchrosque recessus Cecropidas ducit,

the inner space, the interior, Ov. M. 7, 670.—

Transf., the action of walking, a walk, promenade; a turn, course:

cum in ambulationem ventum esset, Scaevolam, duobus spatiis tribusve factis, dixisse, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 28; cf. id. Rep. 1, 12, 18; Suet. Aug. 83:

si interdum ad forum deducimur, si uno basilicae spatio honestamur,

Cic. Mur. 34, 70:

septem spatiis circo meruere coronam,

Ov. Hal. 68:

(agitatores) septimo spatio palmae appropinquant,

Sen. Ep. 30, 13.—

Trop.

Of time.

In gen., a space of time, interval, period:

spatia omnis temporis non numero dierum sed noctium finiunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 18:

spatium praeteriti temporis,

Cic. Arch. 1, 1:

quantum fuit diei spatium,

as the portion of the day allowed, Caes. B. G. 2, 11 fin.:

annuum spatium,

id. B. C. 3, 3:

annuum, menstruum, diurnum, nocturnum,

Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 39:

dierum triginta,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 39, § 96:

parvo dilexit spatio Minoida Theseus,

Prop. 2, 24, 43 (3, 19, 27):

spatio brevi,

Hor. C. 1, 11, 6:

in brevi spatio mutantur secla animantum,

Lucr. 2, 77; so,

in brevi spatio,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 2:

aliquid longo spatio tenere,

Cic. Off. 2, 23, 81:

me ex comparato et constituto spatio defensionis in semihorae curriculum coëgisti,

id. Rab. Perd. 2, 6:

hoc interim spatio conclave illud concidisse,

id. de Or. 2, 86, 353:

spatia annorum,

Prop. 3 (4), 21, 31:

spatium juventae Transire,

Ov. M. 15, 225:

illa dies... incerti spatium mihi finiat aevi,

id. ib. 15, 874:

post sexagesimum vitae spatium,

i. e. after the sixtieth year, Plin. 7, 50, 51, § 170.—

In partic.

Of a portion of time in which to do any thing, space, time, leisure, opportunity:

neque, ut celari posset, tempus spatium ullum dabat,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 14:

nisi tempus et spatium datum sit,

Cic. Quint. 1, 4:

irae suae spatium et consilio tempus dare,

Liv. 8, 32:

ubicumque datum erat spatium solitudinis,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 55:

quantum spatii nobis datur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 252:

tempus inane peto, requiem spatiumque furori,

Verg. A. 4, 433: ne properes, oro;

spatium pro munere posco,

Ov. R. Am. 277:

proin quicquid est, da tempus ac spatium tibi. Quod ratio non quit, saepe sanavit mora,

Sen. Agam. 2, 129.—Esp.: spatium (aliquid, nihil spatii, etc.) alicui faciendi or ad faciendum aliquid, time to do a thing:

breve spatium'st perferundi quae minitas mihi,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 85:

ut Ne esset spatium cogitandi ad disturbandas nuptias,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 11:

quam longum spatium amandi amicam tibi dedi!

id. Hec. 4, 4, 62:

dare alicui spatium ad se colligendum,

Cic. Caecin. 2, 6:

ad scribendum,

id. Fam. 15, 17, 1:

pila in hostes coniciendi,

Caes. B. G. 1, 52; 4, 13; Ov. M. 10, 163:

nec fuit spatium ad contrahenda castra,

Caes. B. G. 7, 40:

cum erit spatium, utrumque praestabo,

Cic. Att. 5, 14, 1:

si spatium ad dicendum habuissemus,

id. Verr. 1, 18, 56:

spatium sumamus ad cogitandum,

id. Fin. 4, 1, 1; id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

sex dies ad eam rem conficiendam spatii postulant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3 fin.:

vix explicandi ordines spatium Etruscis fuit,

Liv. 2, 46, 3:

spatium Vitellianis datum refugiendi,

Tac. H. 2, 25.—Rarely with dat.:

spatium quidem tandem adparandis nuptiis, vocandi, sacruficandi dabitur paululum,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 20.—

A year of life:

quosdam (morbos) post sexagesimum vitae spatium non accidere,

Plin. 7, 50, 51, § 170. —

Metrical time, measure, quantity:

trochaeus, qui est eodem spatio quo choreus,

Cic. Or. 57, 193; cf. Quint. 1, 5, 18:

neu sermo subsultet imparibus spatiis ac sonis, miscens longa brevibus, etc.,

id. 11, 3, 43; cf. id. 11, 3, 40; 11, 3, 17 al.—

(Acc. to I. B.) A path, course, race, track:

ut eadem spatia quinque stellae dispari motu cursuque conficiant,

Cic. de Or. 3, 45, 178:

quid mihi opu'st, decurso aetatis spatio, cum meis gerere bellum?

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:

prope jam excurso spatio,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 6:

te vero, mea quem spatiis propioribus aetas Insequitur,

Verg. A. 9, 275: deflexit jam aliquantulum de spatio curriculoque consuetudo majorum, Cic. Lael. 12, 40; cf.:

quemadmodum simus in spatio Q. Hortensium ipsius vestigiis persecuti,

id. Brut. 90, 307:

currenti spatium praemonstra,

Lucr. 6, 93:

pede inoffenso spatium decurrere vitae,

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 33; Sen. Troad. 398.