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  • 101 spero

    spēro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.
    I.
    To hope (something desirable), to look for, trust, expect; to promise or flatter one's self (the predom. signif. of the word; syn.: confido, exspecto).
    (α).
    Absol.: spero, si speres quicquam prodesse potes sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):

    quoad Pompeius in Italiā fuit, sperare non destiti,

    Cic. Att. 9, 10, 3:

    sperat animus,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 36:

    ut neque accusator timere neque reus sperare debuerit,

    Cic. Clu. 7, 20:

    jubes bene sperare et bono esse animo,

    id. Deiot. 14, 38:

    Attica nostra quid agat, scire cupio: etsi tuae litterae recte sperare jubent,

    id. Att. 13, 17:

    tu jam, ut spero et ut promittis, aderis,

    id. ib. 16, 3, 4:

    omnia experiar et, ut spero, assequar... Sed, ut spero, valebis,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 6:

    ut mihi detis hanc veniam accommodatam huic reo, vobis, quemadmodum spero, non molestam,

    id. Arch. 2, 3:

    Argyrippus exorari spero poterit, ut sinat, etc.,

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 67; cf.: Ch. Non usus veniet, spero. Sy. Spero hercle ego quoque, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 42:

    interea fiet aliquid, spero,

    id. And. 2, 1, 14: salvus sit;

    spero,

    id. Ad. 3, 3, 57.—
    (β).
    With acc.:

    his omnibus victoriam sperantibus pacis nomen adferemus,

    Cic. Phil. 12, 5, 10:

    consulatum,

    id. ib. 12, 6, 14:

    gloriam sperabit a latronum gregibus,

    id. ib. 12, 10, 26: magis adversos rerum exitus metuens quam sperans secundos, id. Fam. 6, 14, 1:

    id ego et speraram prudentiā tuā fretus, et, ut confiderem, fecerunt tuae litterae,

    id. ib. 12, 18: a quo nihil speres boni rei publicae, quia non vult;

    nihil metuas mali, quia non audet,

    id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

    a quo genere hominum victoriam sperasset,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 96 fin.:

    omnia ex victoriā et ex suā liberalitate sperarent,

    id. ib. 3, 6; cf. id. ib. 3, 60:

    quibus (tormentis) ipsi magna speravissent,

    id. ib. 2, 16 fin.:

    spero meliora,

    Cic. Att. 14, 16, 3:

    aliquid sibi,

    id. Tusc. 1, 36, 86; Sall. C. 37, 6:

    bona alicuius,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 6, 13:

    hoc sperans, ut, etc.,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 85:

    sperare victoriam ab aliquo,

    id. B. C. 3, 96: quod sapienter speravimus, perseveranter consectari, have expected, Col. praef. §

    29: sperata gloria (opp. parta),

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15; Liv. 28, 41, 6:

    sperata praeda,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 8:

    spem speratam quom optulisti,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 2:

    civitatem optandam magis quam sperandam quam minimam posuit,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 30, 52; Liv. 4, 15, 5:

    exitum malis sperare,

    Sall. C. 40, 2:

    amicitiam, regnum,

    id. J. 24, 5:

    mortem honestam,

    id. H. 2, 41, 2 Dietsch:

    salutem,

    id. C. 58, 16:

    spes,

    Curt. 5, 10, 1:

    mali poenam, Lact. de Ira, 16, 8: perpetuam felicitatem,

    Suet. Aug. 94; id. Vesp. 12; Sen. Ira, 3, 31, 2; Just. 21, 2, 5:

    sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem bene praeparatum Pectus,

    Hor. C. 2, 10, 13:

    grata superveniat, quae non sperabitur hora,

    id. Ep. 1, 4, 14 et saep.: dis sum fretus, deos sperabimus, we will hope or trust in the gods, Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38; cf. id. Mil. 4, 5, 10; id. Cist. 2, 3, 52.—
    (γ).
    With obj.-clause (so most freq.; usually with inf. fut.; less freq. but class. with inf. pres. or perf.).—With inf. fut.:

    ego me confido liberum fore, tu te numquam speras,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 15; Cic. Rep. 1, 20, 33:

    ex quibus sperant se maximum fructum esse capturos,

    id. Lael. 21, 79:

    quod amicitiae nostrae memoriam spero sempiternam fore, etc.,

    id. ib. 4, 15:

    tu fac animo forti magnoque sis, speresque fore, ut, etc.,

    id. Fam. 1, 5, 6 fin.; cf.:

    spero fore, ut contingat id nobis,

    id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82 et saep.— With inf. pres.:

    qui istoc te speras modo Potesse dissimulando infectum hoc reddere,

    Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 22:

    spero me habere, qui hunc excruciem,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 11:

    sperat se a me avellere,

    id. ib. 3, 3, 14:

    totius Galliae sese potiri posse sperant,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 3:

    spero, quae tua prudentia est, et hercule, ut me jubet Acastus, confido te jam, ut volumus, valere,

    Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1:

    sperabam tuum adventum appropinquare,

    id. Fam. 4, 6, 3:

    speremus, nostrum nomen volitare et vagari latissime,

    id. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

    spero te mihi ignoscere, si, etc.,

    id. Fam. 1, 6, 2:

    spero esse, ut volumus,

    id. Att. 12, 6 b, 4:

    ita quiddam spero nobis profici, cum, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 1; Sall. H. 4, 61, 2 Dietsch:

    speramus carmina fingi posse,

    Hor. A. P. 331: neque ego hanc abscondere furto Speravi, ne finge, fugam, I did not hope or expect, Verg. A. 4, 338.—So esp. when used like Engl. hope, in the sense trust, believe:

    spero nostram amicitiam non egere testibus,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 2:

    id enim deos immortalis spero aequissimum judicare,

    id. Phil. 11, 15, 39; cf. infra, II. fin. —With inf. perf.:

    speravi miser Ex servitute me exemisse filium,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 99:

    me ejus spero fratrem propemodum Jam repperisse,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 123:

    sperabam jam defervisse adulescentiam,

    id. Ad. 1, 2, 72: spero tibi me causam probasse;

    cupio quidem certe,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 4:

    spero cum Crassipede nos confecisse,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 2:

    et tum mirifice sperabat se esse locutum,

    Cat. 84, 3:

    sperasse libertatem se civium suorum emisse,

    Liv. 4, 15, 6:

    sperabam ita notata me reliquisse genera, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 1; id. Att. 2, 21, 2; 10, 7, 3. —Ellipt.:

    qui semper vacuam, semper amabilem Sperat (sc. te fore),

    Hor. C. 1, 5, 11.—
    (δ).
    With ut and subj.:

    quoniam, ut salvum vellent tyrannum, sperare non poterat,

    Liv. 34, 27, 3:

    ut patiatur... nec sperandum ulli nec concupiscendum est,

    Sen. ad Polyb. 18, 6; Just. 5, 3, 3.—() In a Greek construction, with fut. part.:

    visura et quamvis numquam speraret Ulixen, etc. (for se visuram esse),

    Prop. 2, 9, 7 Paley ad loc.—
    (ζ).
    With de (very rare):

    neque de otio nostro spero jam,

    Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5; id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6: de eo bene sperare (with obj.clause, cf. g supra), Nep. Milt. 1, 1.—
    II.
    To look for, expect, apprehend that which is undesired, elpizô (rare, and mostly poet.;

    in Cic. only with non, and ironically): nam quod tu speres, propulsabo facile,

    Ter. And. 2, 3, 21:

    mihi non hoc miserae sperare jubebas, Sed conubia laeta,

    Cat. 64, 140:

    haec merui sperare? dabis mihi, perfida, poenas,

    Prop. 2, 5, 3:

    hunc ego si potui tantum sperare dolorem, Et perferre, soror, potero,

    Verg. A. 4, 419 (cf. Quint. 8, 2, 3); cf. Flor. 3, 1, 1:

    haec adeo ex illo mihi jam speranda fuerunt Tempore, cum, etc.,

    Verg. A. 11, 275:

    mene efferre pedem, genitor, te posse relicto Sperasti?

    id. ib. 2, 658; cf. Suet. Caes. 60:

    si genus humanum et mortalia temnitis arma, At sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi,

    expect, fear, Verg. A. 1, 543:

    exstinguine mea Speravi te posse manu,

    Val. Fl. 3, 295:

    aliquod in Africā bellum,

    Flor. 3, 1, 1:

    jam quartanam sperantibus aegris,

    Juv. 4, 57.—With a negative particle: Sc. Moneo ego te: te deseret ille aetate et satietate. Ph. Non spero. Sc. Insperata accidunt magis saepe quam quae speres, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 40: id quod non spero, Afran ap. Charis. p. 195 P.:

    sin a vobis, id quod non spero, deserar,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 10: te tam mobili in me meosque esse animo non sperabam, Q. Metell. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 1, 2:

    non speravi te sequi,

    Stat. Th. 6, 139.—Ironically:

    quoniam haec satis spero vobis molesta videri,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 13, 51.—Hence, spērātus, a, um, P. a., that is hoped or longed for; as subst.: spērātus, i, m.; spērāta, ae, f., a betrothed, intended, a lover; a bride (ante- and post-class.): curre et nuntia Venire me et mecum speratum adducere, Afran. ap. Non. 174, 31:

    sperata, salve,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 97; so, sperata, id. Fragm. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, 7, 71; Afran. ap. Non. 174, 33; Arn. 4, 140; Hyg. Fab. 31; 33.—Once also of a wife not seen for a long time:

    Amphitruo uxorem salutat laetus speratam suam,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 53.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > spero

  • 102 Gratia

    grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus; lit., favor, both that in which one stands with others and that which one shows to others].
    I.
    (Acc. to gratus, I.) Favor which one finds with others, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship (syn. favor):

    pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt pars hominum quam id quod prosint pluribus,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12:

    perspicio nihili meam vos facere gratiam,

    id. Curc. 1, 2, 68:

    ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.:

    Sex. Roscius gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,

    id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

    deinde si maxime talis est deus, ut nulla gratia, nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc.,

    id. N. D. 1, 44, 124:

    neque quo Cn. Pompeii gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.:

    aliquem restituere in gratiam,

    id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23:

    aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam,

    id. Att. 1, 3, 3:

    in gratiam reducere,

    id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf.

    also: cum aliquo in gratiam redire,

    to reconcile one's self with one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.:

    alicujus gratiam sequi,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.:

    si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos,

    id. B. G. 4, 7, 4:

    ab aliquo inire gratiam,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113:

    a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam,

    id. Att. 7, 9, 3:

    magnam inire gratiam,

    id. Fin. 4, 12, 31:

    quantam eo facto ad plebem inierat gratiam,

    Liv. 33, 46, 7:

    apud regem gratiam initam volebant,

    id. 36, 5, 3:

    at te apud eum, dii boni, quanta in gratia posui!

    Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.;

    with a different construction: apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in gratia),

    Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3:

    cum aliquo in laude et in gratia esse,

    id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

    inter vos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.:

    plerique (in divortio) cum bona gratia discedunt,

    Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10;

    without bona: cum istuc quod postulo impetro cum gratia,

    with a good grace, Ter. And. 2, 5, 11:

    omnia quae potui in hac summa tua gratia ac potentia a te impetrare,

    credit, influence, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.:

    Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8:

    gratiā plurimum posse,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.:

    quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valent,

    id. ib. 7, 63, 1:

    gratiā valere,

    id. B. C. 2, 44, 1:

    inproba quamvis Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

    Juv. 13, 4:

    quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat,

    Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.:

    L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit,

    tokens of favor, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:

    cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat,

    id. ib. 11, 24:

    non hominum potentium studio, non excellentibus gratiis paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem factum,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—
    B.
    Transf., objectively, like the Gr. charis, agreeableness, pleasantness, charm, beauty, loveliness, grace (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

    esp. freq. in Quint.): gratia formae,

    Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3:

    corporis,

    id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260:

    quid ille gratiae in vultu ostenderit,

    Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26:

    unica nec desit jocundis gratia verbis,

    charm, Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127:

    plenus est jucunditatis et gratiae (Horatius),

    Quint. 10, 1, 96:

    sermonis Attici,

    id. ib. 65;

    12, 10, 35: dicendi,

    id. 9, 3, 74:

    brevitatis novitatisque,

    id. ib. 58:

    omnis bene scriptorum,

    id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.:

    uvis et vinis gratiam affert fumus fabrilis,

    Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,
    2.
    As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Charites, the goddesses of favor, loveliness, grace, etc., the three Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, collect., Ov. M. 6, 429.
    II. A.
    In gen. (rare): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est gratia, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.):

    ergo ab eo petito gratiam istam,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.:

    gratiam a patre si petimus, spero ab eo impetrassere,

    id. Stich. 1, 2, 23:

    petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.:

    quod beneficii gratiaeque causa concessit,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.:

    hanc gratiam ut sibi des,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30:

    juris jurandi volo gratiam facias,

    excuse, release, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.:

    alicui delicti gratiam facere,

    to grant pardon, forgive, Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.:

    qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem,

    id. Cat. 52, 8; cf.

    also: quibus senatus belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat,

    id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.:

    alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis,

    to please, for the sake of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.:

    deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

    id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.:

    in gratiam alicujus,

    id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf.

    also: data visceratio in praeteritam judicii gratiam,

    for the favor shown him on the trial, Liv. 8, 22, 4:

    nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla umbrarum,

    Juv. 8, 64.—
    B.
    In partic., a mark of favor shown for a service rendered, thanks (by word or deed), thankfulness, gratitude; acknowledgment, return, requital (the form with agere of returning thanks is the plur., but with habere, referre, debere, nearly always in sing.; but when thanks are due to or rendered by more than one person, the form gratias referre, etc., may be used; v. infra., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505):

    quae (gratia) in memoria et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.:

    gratia est, in qua amicitiarum et officiorum alterius memoria et remunerandi voluntas continetur,

    id. ib. 2, 53, 161:

    immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non possum,

    id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.:

    renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse, quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. ago):

    dīs gratias agere... si referre studeant gratias,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.:

    L. Lucceius meus, homo omnium gratissimus, mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1:

    eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus,

    id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:

    Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter,

    id. Fam. 1, 10:

    justissimas gratias agere,

    id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

    quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc.,

    id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:

    nunc tecum sic agam, tulisse ut potius injuriam, quam retulisse gratiam videar,

    to have made a return, requital, recompense, id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.:

    magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt,

    id. Fam. 13, 4, 1:

    praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam,

    id. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

    ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

    id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25:

    me omnibus, si minus referenda gratia satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda certe satis esse facturum,

    if I cannot requite... I can extol, id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: nimirum inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiam si referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1:

    gratias habere,

    Liv. 24, 37, 7:

    alicui summas gratias habere,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33:

    alicui maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod, etc.,

    Vitr. 6 praef. 4:

    merito vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

    meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere,

    id. Planc. 33, 80:

    pro beneficio gratiam repetere,

    Liv. 1, 47, 7:

    gratias ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,

    Liv. 54, 50, 4; so with ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9:

    pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere,

    Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, Pan. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5:

    dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis gratia caelitibus,

    Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.:

    hoc certe justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut certe malam gratiam,

    Sen. Ep. 81 med.;

    rarely: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet),

    to accept as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1:

    unum vis curem: curo. Et est dīs gratia, Cum ita, ut volo, est,

    I thank, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus intro, ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam gratia est, no, I'm much obliged to you (the negative being omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur;

    discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs gratia, Et unde haec fiant, et adhuc non molesta sunt,

    thank Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and post-Aug.):

    dīs gratias agebat, tempus sibi dari, etc.,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:
    A.
    grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in favor of, on account of, for the sake of; hence, in gen., on account of (usually placed after the gen., in Quint. a few times before it; cf.: causa, ergo).
    (α).
    With gen.:

    sed neque longioribus quam oportet hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus gratia fecerimus, propter eam fecisse videamur,

    lest what we have done to embellish the style we should seem to have done merely on account of the construction we had chosen, Quint. 9, 4, 144:

    tantum abest, ut haec bestiarum etiam causa parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum gratia generatas esse videamus,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.:

    honoris gratia nomino,

    Cic. Quint. 7, 28:

    nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta omnia,

    Ter. And. 5, 1, 17:

    simulabat sese negotii gratia properare,

    Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse constat;

    non praedae gratia: quia inspoliatus est,

    Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.:

    hereditatis gratia,

    id. 5, 12, 5:

    quem censores senatu probri gratia moverant,

    Sall. C. 23, 1:

    profectus gratia dicere,

    Quint. 2, 10, 9:

    brevitatis gratia,

    id. 4, 2, 43:

    decoris gratia,

    id. 8, 6, 65:

    difficultatis gratia,

    id. 9, 2, 77:

    aut invidiae gratia... aut miserationis,

    id. 9, 2, 8:

    praesentis gratia litis,

    id. 2, 7, 4 al. —With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

    ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum causa, aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum gratia,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2:

    tentandi gratia,

    Sall. J. 47, 2:

    hiemandi gratia,

    id. ib. 61, 3:

    colloquendi gratia,

    id. ib. 61, 4:

    placandi gratia,

    id. ib. 71, 5:

    simulandi gratia,

    id. ib. 37, 4:

    sui exposcendi gratia,

    Nep. Hann. 7, 6:

    amplificandi gratia... vel miserandi,

    Quint. 9, 3, 28:

    elevandae invidiae gratia,

    id. 5, 13, 40:

    recuperandae dignitatis gratia,

    id. 11, 1, 79:

    vitandae similitudinis gratia,

    id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli gratia, vir bonus Alexandria Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for example, for instance (for the usual exempli causa; so,

    verbi gratia, for verbi causa, infra),

    Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so,

    exempli gratia,

    Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110;

    for which in full: pauca tamen exempli gratia ponam,

    Quint. 6, 5, 6:

    eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli gratia,

    Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213:

    propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratia propter voluptatem,

    for instance, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed before the [p. 826] gen.:

    gratiā decoris,

    Quint. 8 praef. §

    18: compositionis,

    id. 9, 4, 58:

    lenitatis,

    id. 9, 4, 144:

    significationis,

    id. 8, 6, 2.—
    (β).
    With pron. (mostly ante-class.):

    meā gratiā,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3:

    qui nihil ocius venit tamen hac gratia,

    id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.:

    abire istac gratia,

    id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: (Medea) per agros passim dispergit corpus: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so,

    eā gratiā,

    Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11:

    sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,

    id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79:

    id ea gratia eveniebat, quod nemo ex fuga regem sequitur,

    Sall. J. 54, 4:

    id ea gratia facilius fuit, quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 80, 4.—
    B.
    grā-tĭīs (always as a trisyll. in ante-class. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Charis. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs (since the class. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., out of favor or kindness; hence, pregn., without recompense or reward, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis, proika (cf.:

    gratuito, nequidquam, frustra): quae (psaltria) quantum potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46:

    si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc tibi noctem honoris causa gratiis dono dabo,

    id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.:

    quam introduxistis fidicinam, atque etiam fides, Ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,

    into the bargain, to boot, id. Ep. 3, 4, 38:

    quae Romae magna cum infamia pretio accepto edixeras, ea sola te, ne gratis in provincia male audires, ex edicto Siciliensi sustulisse video,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118:

    hic primum questus est non leviter Saturius, communem factum esse gratis cum Roscio, qui pretio proprius fuisset Fanni,

    id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:

    gratis dare alicui (opp. pretium accipere ab aliquo),

    Mart. 14, 175, 2:

    id me scis antea gratis tibi esse pollicitum. Quid nunc putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita?

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

    gratis rei publicae servire,

    id. Clu. 26, 71:

    tantum gratis pagina nostra placet,

    Mart. 5, 16, 10:

    virtutes omnes per se ipsas gratis diligere,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for payment:

    is repente, ut Romam venit, gratis praetor factus est. Alia porro pecunia ne accusaretur data,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, §

    48: habitent gratis in alieno?

    id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so,

    habitare in aedibus alienis,

    Dig. 39, 5, 9:

    habitationem cui dare,

    free of cost, ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Gratia

  • 103 gratia

    grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus; lit., favor, both that in which one stands with others and that which one shows to others].
    I.
    (Acc. to gratus, I.) Favor which one finds with others, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship (syn. favor):

    pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt pars hominum quam id quod prosint pluribus,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12:

    perspicio nihili meam vos facere gratiam,

    id. Curc. 1, 2, 68:

    ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.:

    Sex. Roscius gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,

    id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

    deinde si maxime talis est deus, ut nulla gratia, nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc.,

    id. N. D. 1, 44, 124:

    neque quo Cn. Pompeii gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.:

    aliquem restituere in gratiam,

    id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23:

    aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam,

    id. Att. 1, 3, 3:

    in gratiam reducere,

    id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf.

    also: cum aliquo in gratiam redire,

    to reconcile one's self with one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.:

    alicujus gratiam sequi,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.:

    si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos,

    id. B. G. 4, 7, 4:

    ab aliquo inire gratiam,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113:

    a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam,

    id. Att. 7, 9, 3:

    magnam inire gratiam,

    id. Fin. 4, 12, 31:

    quantam eo facto ad plebem inierat gratiam,

    Liv. 33, 46, 7:

    apud regem gratiam initam volebant,

    id. 36, 5, 3:

    at te apud eum, dii boni, quanta in gratia posui!

    Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.;

    with a different construction: apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in gratia),

    Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3:

    cum aliquo in laude et in gratia esse,

    id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

    inter vos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.:

    plerique (in divortio) cum bona gratia discedunt,

    Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10;

    without bona: cum istuc quod postulo impetro cum gratia,

    with a good grace, Ter. And. 2, 5, 11:

    omnia quae potui in hac summa tua gratia ac potentia a te impetrare,

    credit, influence, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.:

    Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8:

    gratiā plurimum posse,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.:

    quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valent,

    id. ib. 7, 63, 1:

    gratiā valere,

    id. B. C. 2, 44, 1:

    inproba quamvis Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

    Juv. 13, 4:

    quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat,

    Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.:

    L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit,

    tokens of favor, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:

    cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat,

    id. ib. 11, 24:

    non hominum potentium studio, non excellentibus gratiis paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem factum,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—
    B.
    Transf., objectively, like the Gr. charis, agreeableness, pleasantness, charm, beauty, loveliness, grace (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

    esp. freq. in Quint.): gratia formae,

    Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3:

    corporis,

    id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260:

    quid ille gratiae in vultu ostenderit,

    Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26:

    unica nec desit jocundis gratia verbis,

    charm, Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127:

    plenus est jucunditatis et gratiae (Horatius),

    Quint. 10, 1, 96:

    sermonis Attici,

    id. ib. 65;

    12, 10, 35: dicendi,

    id. 9, 3, 74:

    brevitatis novitatisque,

    id. ib. 58:

    omnis bene scriptorum,

    id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.:

    uvis et vinis gratiam affert fumus fabrilis,

    Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,
    2.
    As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Charites, the goddesses of favor, loveliness, grace, etc., the three Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, collect., Ov. M. 6, 429.
    II. A.
    In gen. (rare): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est gratia, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.):

    ergo ab eo petito gratiam istam,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.:

    gratiam a patre si petimus, spero ab eo impetrassere,

    id. Stich. 1, 2, 23:

    petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.:

    quod beneficii gratiaeque causa concessit,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.:

    hanc gratiam ut sibi des,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30:

    juris jurandi volo gratiam facias,

    excuse, release, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.:

    alicui delicti gratiam facere,

    to grant pardon, forgive, Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.:

    qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem,

    id. Cat. 52, 8; cf.

    also: quibus senatus belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat,

    id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.:

    alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis,

    to please, for the sake of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.:

    deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

    id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.:

    in gratiam alicujus,

    id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf.

    also: data visceratio in praeteritam judicii gratiam,

    for the favor shown him on the trial, Liv. 8, 22, 4:

    nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla umbrarum,

    Juv. 8, 64.—
    B.
    In partic., a mark of favor shown for a service rendered, thanks (by word or deed), thankfulness, gratitude; acknowledgment, return, requital (the form with agere of returning thanks is the plur., but with habere, referre, debere, nearly always in sing.; but when thanks are due to or rendered by more than one person, the form gratias referre, etc., may be used; v. infra., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505):

    quae (gratia) in memoria et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.:

    gratia est, in qua amicitiarum et officiorum alterius memoria et remunerandi voluntas continetur,

    id. ib. 2, 53, 161:

    immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non possum,

    id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.:

    renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse, quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. ago):

    dīs gratias agere... si referre studeant gratias,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.:

    L. Lucceius meus, homo omnium gratissimus, mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1:

    eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus,

    id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:

    Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter,

    id. Fam. 1, 10:

    justissimas gratias agere,

    id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

    quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc.,

    id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:

    nunc tecum sic agam, tulisse ut potius injuriam, quam retulisse gratiam videar,

    to have made a return, requital, recompense, id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.:

    magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt,

    id. Fam. 13, 4, 1:

    praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam,

    id. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

    ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

    id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25:

    me omnibus, si minus referenda gratia satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda certe satis esse facturum,

    if I cannot requite... I can extol, id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: nimirum inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiam si referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1:

    gratias habere,

    Liv. 24, 37, 7:

    alicui summas gratias habere,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33:

    alicui maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod, etc.,

    Vitr. 6 praef. 4:

    merito vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

    meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere,

    id. Planc. 33, 80:

    pro beneficio gratiam repetere,

    Liv. 1, 47, 7:

    gratias ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,

    Liv. 54, 50, 4; so with ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9:

    pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere,

    Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, Pan. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5:

    dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis gratia caelitibus,

    Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.:

    hoc certe justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut certe malam gratiam,

    Sen. Ep. 81 med.;

    rarely: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet),

    to accept as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1:

    unum vis curem: curo. Et est dīs gratia, Cum ita, ut volo, est,

    I thank, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus intro, ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam gratia est, no, I'm much obliged to you (the negative being omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur;

    discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs gratia, Et unde haec fiant, et adhuc non molesta sunt,

    thank Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and post-Aug.):

    dīs gratias agebat, tempus sibi dari, etc.,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:
    A.
    grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in favor of, on account of, for the sake of; hence, in gen., on account of (usually placed after the gen., in Quint. a few times before it; cf.: causa, ergo).
    (α).
    With gen.:

    sed neque longioribus quam oportet hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus gratia fecerimus, propter eam fecisse videamur,

    lest what we have done to embellish the style we should seem to have done merely on account of the construction we had chosen, Quint. 9, 4, 144:

    tantum abest, ut haec bestiarum etiam causa parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum gratia generatas esse videamus,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.:

    honoris gratia nomino,

    Cic. Quint. 7, 28:

    nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta omnia,

    Ter. And. 5, 1, 17:

    simulabat sese negotii gratia properare,

    Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse constat;

    non praedae gratia: quia inspoliatus est,

    Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.:

    hereditatis gratia,

    id. 5, 12, 5:

    quem censores senatu probri gratia moverant,

    Sall. C. 23, 1:

    profectus gratia dicere,

    Quint. 2, 10, 9:

    brevitatis gratia,

    id. 4, 2, 43:

    decoris gratia,

    id. 8, 6, 65:

    difficultatis gratia,

    id. 9, 2, 77:

    aut invidiae gratia... aut miserationis,

    id. 9, 2, 8:

    praesentis gratia litis,

    id. 2, 7, 4 al. —With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

    ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum causa, aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum gratia,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2:

    tentandi gratia,

    Sall. J. 47, 2:

    hiemandi gratia,

    id. ib. 61, 3:

    colloquendi gratia,

    id. ib. 61, 4:

    placandi gratia,

    id. ib. 71, 5:

    simulandi gratia,

    id. ib. 37, 4:

    sui exposcendi gratia,

    Nep. Hann. 7, 6:

    amplificandi gratia... vel miserandi,

    Quint. 9, 3, 28:

    elevandae invidiae gratia,

    id. 5, 13, 40:

    recuperandae dignitatis gratia,

    id. 11, 1, 79:

    vitandae similitudinis gratia,

    id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli gratia, vir bonus Alexandria Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for example, for instance (for the usual exempli causa; so,

    verbi gratia, for verbi causa, infra),

    Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so,

    exempli gratia,

    Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110;

    for which in full: pauca tamen exempli gratia ponam,

    Quint. 6, 5, 6:

    eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli gratia,

    Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213:

    propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratia propter voluptatem,

    for instance, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed before the [p. 826] gen.:

    gratiā decoris,

    Quint. 8 praef. §

    18: compositionis,

    id. 9, 4, 58:

    lenitatis,

    id. 9, 4, 144:

    significationis,

    id. 8, 6, 2.—
    (β).
    With pron. (mostly ante-class.):

    meā gratiā,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3:

    qui nihil ocius venit tamen hac gratia,

    id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.:

    abire istac gratia,

    id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: (Medea) per agros passim dispergit corpus: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so,

    eā gratiā,

    Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11:

    sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,

    id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79:

    id ea gratia eveniebat, quod nemo ex fuga regem sequitur,

    Sall. J. 54, 4:

    id ea gratia facilius fuit, quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 80, 4.—
    B.
    grā-tĭīs (always as a trisyll. in ante-class. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Charis. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs (since the class. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., out of favor or kindness; hence, pregn., without recompense or reward, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis, proika (cf.:

    gratuito, nequidquam, frustra): quae (psaltria) quantum potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46:

    si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc tibi noctem honoris causa gratiis dono dabo,

    id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.:

    quam introduxistis fidicinam, atque etiam fides, Ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,

    into the bargain, to boot, id. Ep. 3, 4, 38:

    quae Romae magna cum infamia pretio accepto edixeras, ea sola te, ne gratis in provincia male audires, ex edicto Siciliensi sustulisse video,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118:

    hic primum questus est non leviter Saturius, communem factum esse gratis cum Roscio, qui pretio proprius fuisset Fanni,

    id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:

    gratis dare alicui (opp. pretium accipere ab aliquo),

    Mart. 14, 175, 2:

    id me scis antea gratis tibi esse pollicitum. Quid nunc putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita?

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

    gratis rei publicae servire,

    id. Clu. 26, 71:

    tantum gratis pagina nostra placet,

    Mart. 5, 16, 10:

    virtutes omnes per se ipsas gratis diligere,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for payment:

    is repente, ut Romam venit, gratis praetor factus est. Alia porro pecunia ne accusaretur data,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, §

    48: habitent gratis in alieno?

    id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so,

    habitare in aedibus alienis,

    Dig. 39, 5, 9:

    habitationem cui dare,

    free of cost, ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > gratia

  • 104 nise

    nĭ-sĭ (archaic forms nisei and nise, Lex Rubria, v. Ritschl, Legis Rubriae pars superstes, Bonnae, 1851, and Rhein. Mus. tom. 8, p. 448 sq.), conj., if not, unless.
    I. A.
    In gen.:

    quid tu malum curas, Utrum crudum an coctum-edim? nisi tu mihi es tutor,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

    quod nisi esset, certe postea non discessisset,

    Cic. Clu. 66, 189:

    non posse ejus imperia diutius sustineri, nisi quid in Caesare sit auxilii,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Suet. Caes. 52.—
    B.
    With interrogatives and negatives, usually in a different clause.
    1.
    After an interrogative or negative clause, except, save only, only:

    ne quis enuntiaret, nisi quibus mandatum esset,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 30:

    hoc sentio, nisi in bonis, amicitiam esse non posse,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 18:

    etenim dicere nemo potest, nisi qui prudenter intellegit,

    id. Brut. 6, 23:

    quid est pietas, nisi voluntas grata in parentes,

    id. Planc. 33, 82; Ov. H. 2, 27:

    negant enim quem quam esse virum bonum, nisi sapientem,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 18.—
    2.
    With a foll. negative:

    sic orator, nisi multitudine audiente, eloquens esse non possit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 83, 338:

    Labienus juravit, se, nisi victorem, in castra non reversurum,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 87.—
    3.
    Closely connected with non (mostly post-Aug.):

    legationis non nisi condemnato et ejecto eo, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 98:

    qui non nisi aput Germanias adsequi nomen imperatorium posset,

    Tac. A. 2, 26:

    ad quem non nisi per Sejanum aditus,

    id. ib. 4, 68; 14, 63; 15, 1; Suet. Caes. 56; id. Aug. 21; 41; Quint. 1, 5, 19; Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108; Plin. Ep. 6, 6, 4.—(The passages in which nisi was supposed to stand for nisi non or non nisi have been critically amended; v. Hand, Turs. 4, 253; Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 54, 5; Drakenb. and Weissenb. ad Liv. 34, 16, 1; Duker ad Flor. 1, 12, 18.)—
    C.
    Esp.
    1.
    After nihil, nihil aliud, etc., save, but, than:

    nihil am plius nisi,

    Cic. Planc. 41, 99:

    nihil est quod festines, nisi ut valeas,

    id. Fam. 16, 6, 3:

    erat historia nihil aliud nisi annalium confectio,

    id. de Or. 2, 12, 52; id. Phil. 3, 5, 13, id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108.—
    2.
    Non aliter nisi, on no other condition:

    non aliter neque classem revocaturum neque exercitum reducturum, nisi, etc.,

    Liv. 45, 11, 11.—
    3.
    Nisi si, except if, unless:

    nisi si etiam illuc pervenerint,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 9:

    noli putare me ad quemquam longiores epistulas scribere, nisi si qui ad me plura scripsit, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 1:

    nisi vero si quis est qui,

    id. Cat. 2, 4, 6. —
    4.
    Nisi ut, except that, unless:

    neque convivia inire ausus est, nisi ut speculatores cum lanceis circumstarent,

    Suet. Claud. 35. —
    5.
    Nisi quod, except that which, save only that:

    nam nunc homines nihili faciunt quod licet nisi quod lubet,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 25:

    cum Patrone Epicureo mihi omnia sunt communia, nisi quod in philosophiā vehementer ab eo dissentio,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 2:

    praedia me valde delectant, nisi quod me aere circum foraneo obruerunt,

    id. Att. 2, 1, 11; id. Tusc. 3, 24, 58:

    ab negotiis numquam voluptas remorata est, nisi quod de uxore potuit honestius consuli,

    Sall. J. 95, 3; Tac. A. 14, 14:

    unde causa et origo peregrino sacro parum comperi, nisi quod signum ipsum... docet advectam religionem,

    id. G. 9.—
    6.
    Nisi quia, except because, i. e. until that at nesciebam id dicere illam, nisi quia Correxit miles, quod intellexi minus, Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 10.—
    II.
    In transitions; also in the combinations nisi vero, nisi forte, nisi tamen, unless perhaps, etc., mostly ironical (cf. Gr. ei mê ara, ei mê ge, ektos ei mê):

    nisi unum hoc faciam ut in puteo cenam coquant,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 3:

    nisi forte volumus Epicureorum opinionem sequi, qui, etc.,

    Cic. Fat. 16, 37:

    nisi vero existimatis dementem Africanum fuisse, qui, etc.,

    id. Mil. 3, 8: ne requiras;

    nisi forte adulescentes pueritiam debent requirere,

    id. Sen. 10, 33:

    Hostis nullus erat, nisi forte quem vos jussissetis,

    Sall. J. 14, 10; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 569.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > nise

  • 105 nisei

    nĭ-sĭ (archaic forms nisei and nise, Lex Rubria, v. Ritschl, Legis Rubriae pars superstes, Bonnae, 1851, and Rhein. Mus. tom. 8, p. 448 sq.), conj., if not, unless.
    I. A.
    In gen.:

    quid tu malum curas, Utrum crudum an coctum-edim? nisi tu mihi es tutor,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

    quod nisi esset, certe postea non discessisset,

    Cic. Clu. 66, 189:

    non posse ejus imperia diutius sustineri, nisi quid in Caesare sit auxilii,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Suet. Caes. 52.—
    B.
    With interrogatives and negatives, usually in a different clause.
    1.
    After an interrogative or negative clause, except, save only, only:

    ne quis enuntiaret, nisi quibus mandatum esset,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 30:

    hoc sentio, nisi in bonis, amicitiam esse non posse,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 18:

    etenim dicere nemo potest, nisi qui prudenter intellegit,

    id. Brut. 6, 23:

    quid est pietas, nisi voluntas grata in parentes,

    id. Planc. 33, 82; Ov. H. 2, 27:

    negant enim quem quam esse virum bonum, nisi sapientem,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 18.—
    2.
    With a foll. negative:

    sic orator, nisi multitudine audiente, eloquens esse non possit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 83, 338:

    Labienus juravit, se, nisi victorem, in castra non reversurum,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 87.—
    3.
    Closely connected with non (mostly post-Aug.):

    legationis non nisi condemnato et ejecto eo, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 98:

    qui non nisi aput Germanias adsequi nomen imperatorium posset,

    Tac. A. 2, 26:

    ad quem non nisi per Sejanum aditus,

    id. ib. 4, 68; 14, 63; 15, 1; Suet. Caes. 56; id. Aug. 21; 41; Quint. 1, 5, 19; Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108; Plin. Ep. 6, 6, 4.—(The passages in which nisi was supposed to stand for nisi non or non nisi have been critically amended; v. Hand, Turs. 4, 253; Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 54, 5; Drakenb. and Weissenb. ad Liv. 34, 16, 1; Duker ad Flor. 1, 12, 18.)—
    C.
    Esp.
    1.
    After nihil, nihil aliud, etc., save, but, than:

    nihil am plius nisi,

    Cic. Planc. 41, 99:

    nihil est quod festines, nisi ut valeas,

    id. Fam. 16, 6, 3:

    erat historia nihil aliud nisi annalium confectio,

    id. de Or. 2, 12, 52; id. Phil. 3, 5, 13, id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108.—
    2.
    Non aliter nisi, on no other condition:

    non aliter neque classem revocaturum neque exercitum reducturum, nisi, etc.,

    Liv. 45, 11, 11.—
    3.
    Nisi si, except if, unless:

    nisi si etiam illuc pervenerint,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 9:

    noli putare me ad quemquam longiores epistulas scribere, nisi si qui ad me plura scripsit, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 1:

    nisi vero si quis est qui,

    id. Cat. 2, 4, 6. —
    4.
    Nisi ut, except that, unless:

    neque convivia inire ausus est, nisi ut speculatores cum lanceis circumstarent,

    Suet. Claud. 35. —
    5.
    Nisi quod, except that which, save only that:

    nam nunc homines nihili faciunt quod licet nisi quod lubet,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 25:

    cum Patrone Epicureo mihi omnia sunt communia, nisi quod in philosophiā vehementer ab eo dissentio,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 2:

    praedia me valde delectant, nisi quod me aere circum foraneo obruerunt,

    id. Att. 2, 1, 11; id. Tusc. 3, 24, 58:

    ab negotiis numquam voluptas remorata est, nisi quod de uxore potuit honestius consuli,

    Sall. J. 95, 3; Tac. A. 14, 14:

    unde causa et origo peregrino sacro parum comperi, nisi quod signum ipsum... docet advectam religionem,

    id. G. 9.—
    6.
    Nisi quia, except because, i. e. until that at nesciebam id dicere illam, nisi quia Correxit miles, quod intellexi minus, Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 10.—
    II.
    In transitions; also in the combinations nisi vero, nisi forte, nisi tamen, unless perhaps, etc., mostly ironical (cf. Gr. ei mê ara, ei mê ge, ektos ei mê):

    nisi unum hoc faciam ut in puteo cenam coquant,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 3:

    nisi forte volumus Epicureorum opinionem sequi, qui, etc.,

    Cic. Fat. 16, 37:

    nisi vero existimatis dementem Africanum fuisse, qui, etc.,

    id. Mil. 3, 8: ne requiras;

    nisi forte adulescentes pueritiam debent requirere,

    id. Sen. 10, 33:

    Hostis nullus erat, nisi forte quem vos jussissetis,

    Sall. J. 14, 10; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 569.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > nisei

  • 106 nisi

    nĭ-sĭ (archaic forms nisei and nise, Lex Rubria, v. Ritschl, Legis Rubriae pars superstes, Bonnae, 1851, and Rhein. Mus. tom. 8, p. 448 sq.), conj., if not, unless.
    I. A.
    In gen.:

    quid tu malum curas, Utrum crudum an coctum-edim? nisi tu mihi es tutor,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

    quod nisi esset, certe postea non discessisset,

    Cic. Clu. 66, 189:

    non posse ejus imperia diutius sustineri, nisi quid in Caesare sit auxilii,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Suet. Caes. 52.—
    B.
    With interrogatives and negatives, usually in a different clause.
    1.
    After an interrogative or negative clause, except, save only, only:

    ne quis enuntiaret, nisi quibus mandatum esset,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 30:

    hoc sentio, nisi in bonis, amicitiam esse non posse,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 18:

    etenim dicere nemo potest, nisi qui prudenter intellegit,

    id. Brut. 6, 23:

    quid est pietas, nisi voluntas grata in parentes,

    id. Planc. 33, 82; Ov. H. 2, 27:

    negant enim quem quam esse virum bonum, nisi sapientem,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 18.—
    2.
    With a foll. negative:

    sic orator, nisi multitudine audiente, eloquens esse non possit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 83, 338:

    Labienus juravit, se, nisi victorem, in castra non reversurum,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 87.—
    3.
    Closely connected with non (mostly post-Aug.):

    legationis non nisi condemnato et ejecto eo, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 98:

    qui non nisi aput Germanias adsequi nomen imperatorium posset,

    Tac. A. 2, 26:

    ad quem non nisi per Sejanum aditus,

    id. ib. 4, 68; 14, 63; 15, 1; Suet. Caes. 56; id. Aug. 21; 41; Quint. 1, 5, 19; Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108; Plin. Ep. 6, 6, 4.—(The passages in which nisi was supposed to stand for nisi non or non nisi have been critically amended; v. Hand, Turs. 4, 253; Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 54, 5; Drakenb. and Weissenb. ad Liv. 34, 16, 1; Duker ad Flor. 1, 12, 18.)—
    C.
    Esp.
    1.
    After nihil, nihil aliud, etc., save, but, than:

    nihil am plius nisi,

    Cic. Planc. 41, 99:

    nihil est quod festines, nisi ut valeas,

    id. Fam. 16, 6, 3:

    erat historia nihil aliud nisi annalium confectio,

    id. de Or. 2, 12, 52; id. Phil. 3, 5, 13, id. Rosc. Am. 37, 108.—
    2.
    Non aliter nisi, on no other condition:

    non aliter neque classem revocaturum neque exercitum reducturum, nisi, etc.,

    Liv. 45, 11, 11.—
    3.
    Nisi si, except if, unless:

    nisi si etiam illuc pervenerint,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 9:

    noli putare me ad quemquam longiores epistulas scribere, nisi si qui ad me plura scripsit, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 1:

    nisi vero si quis est qui,

    id. Cat. 2, 4, 6. —
    4.
    Nisi ut, except that, unless:

    neque convivia inire ausus est, nisi ut speculatores cum lanceis circumstarent,

    Suet. Claud. 35. —
    5.
    Nisi quod, except that which, save only that:

    nam nunc homines nihili faciunt quod licet nisi quod lubet,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 25:

    cum Patrone Epicureo mihi omnia sunt communia, nisi quod in philosophiā vehementer ab eo dissentio,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 2:

    praedia me valde delectant, nisi quod me aere circum foraneo obruerunt,

    id. Att. 2, 1, 11; id. Tusc. 3, 24, 58:

    ab negotiis numquam voluptas remorata est, nisi quod de uxore potuit honestius consuli,

    Sall. J. 95, 3; Tac. A. 14, 14:

    unde causa et origo peregrino sacro parum comperi, nisi quod signum ipsum... docet advectam religionem,

    id. G. 9.—
    6.
    Nisi quia, except because, i. e. until that at nesciebam id dicere illam, nisi quia Correxit miles, quod intellexi minus, Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 10.—
    II.
    In transitions; also in the combinations nisi vero, nisi forte, nisi tamen, unless perhaps, etc., mostly ironical (cf. Gr. ei mê ara, ei mê ge, ektos ei mê):

    nisi unum hoc faciam ut in puteo cenam coquant,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 3:

    nisi forte volumus Epicureorum opinionem sequi, qui, etc.,

    Cic. Fat. 16, 37:

    nisi vero existimatis dementem Africanum fuisse, qui, etc.,

    id. Mil. 3, 8: ne requiras;

    nisi forte adulescentes pueritiam debent requirere,

    id. Sen. 10, 33:

    Hostis nullus erat, nisi forte quem vos jussissetis,

    Sall. J. 14, 10; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 569.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > nisi

  • 107 accepte

    ac-cĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3, v. a. ( fut. perf. accepso = accepero, Pac. ap. Non. 74, 31, or Rib. Trag. Rel. 118) [capio], to accept.
    I.
    In gen., to take a person or thing to one's self: leno ad se accipiet hominem et aurum, will take the man and his money to himself (into his house), Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 51.
    a.
    Of things received by the hand, to take, receive: cette manus vestras measque accipite, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 1 (Trag. v. 320 ed. Vahl.):

    ex tua accepi manu pateram,

    Plaut. Amph. 2, 2, 132; hence, trop. of the word given, the promise, with which a grasping of the hand was usually connected: accipe daque fidem, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 33 ed. Vahl.; so in the Gr. pista dounai kai labein); cf. Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 87; so Verg. A. 8, 150;

    in Ter. of a person to be protected: hanc (virginem) accepi, acceptam servabo,

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 62; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 5, and Sall. C. 6, 5, —
    b.
    Of things received or taken by different parts of the body: accipite hoc onus in vestros collos, Cato ap. Non. 200, 23:

    gremio,

    Verg. A. 1, 685:

    oculis aut pectore noctem (i. e. somnum),

    id. ib. 4, 531.—
    c.
    In gen., very freq.,
    (α).
    as implying action, to take, to take possession of, to accept (Gr. dechesthai);
    (β).
    of something that falls to one's share, to get, to receive, to be the recipient of (Gr. lambanein).—
    (α).
    To take, accept:

    hanc epistulam accipe a me,

    take this letter from me, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 52; 4, 2, 26; cf. id. Ep. 3, 4, 26:

    persuasit aliis, ut pecuniam accipere mallent,

    Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82:

    condicionem pacis,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 15:

    armis obsidibusque acceptis Crassus profectus est,

    after he had taken into his possession the arms and hostages, id. ib. 3, 23:

    divitias,

    Nep. Epam. 4, 3:

    aliquid a patre,

    to inherit, id. Timoth. 1, 1; id. Att. 1:

    accipe et haec, manuum tibi quae monumenta mearum sint,

    Verg. A. 3, 486 al. —Hence to receive or entertain as guest:

    haec (tellus) fessos placidissima portu accipit,

    Verg. A. 3, 78:

    Laurentes nymphae, accipite Aenean,

    id. ib. 8, 71; 155; Ov. M. 8, 655 al.—Of admittance to political privileges:

    Nomentani et Pedani in civitatem accepti,

    Liv. 8, 14; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35:

    magnifice volo summos viros accipere,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 34:

    in loco festivo sumus festive accepti,

    id. ib. 5, 19; so id. Cist. 1, 1, 12; id. Men. 5, 2, 44; id. Pers. 1, 1, 32, etc.; Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 52; Lucr. 3, 907; Cic. Att. 16, 6; Ov. F. 2, 725 al.—Hence also ironically, to entertain, to treat, deal with:

    ego te miseris jam accipiam modis,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 3:

    hominem accipiam quibus dictis maeret,

    id. Men. 5, 1, 7:

    indignis acceptus modis,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 12. Perh. also Lucil. ap. Non. 521, 1: adeo male me accipiunt decimae, treat or use me ill, deal harshly with me; and ib. 240, 8: sic, inquam, veteratorem illum vetulum lupum Hannibalem acceptum (Non. explains the latter in a very unusual manner, by deceptum).—
    (β).
    To get, to receive, to be the recipient of, Pac. ap. Non. 74, 31; Lucr. 1, 819, 909; 2, 762, 885, 1009:

    ictus,

    id. 4, 1048 (cf. Verg. A. 3, 243: vulnera accipiunt tergo): aridior nubes accipit ignem, takes or catches fire, Lucr. 6, 150; Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

    humanitatem iis tribuere debemus, a quibus accepimus,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9:

    pecuniam ob rem judicandam,

    id. Verr. 1, 38:

    luna lumen solis accipit,

    id. de Or. 3, 45; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 17:

    praeclarum accepimus a majoribus morem,

    Cic. Off. 3, 10, 44: praecepta, Caes. B. G. 2, 6: accepi tuas litteras (in another sense than above), I have received your letter, it has reached me (allatae sunt ad me), Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 14; 2, 1, 1; 10, 1 al.:

    acceptā injuriā ignoscere quam persequi malebant,

    Sall. C. 9, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

    calamitatem,

    ib. 1, 31:

    detrimenta,

    ib. 5, 22; cf. Cic. Mur. 21, 44 al. So often of dignities and offices:

    provinciam,

    id. Fam. 2, 10, 2:

    consulatum,

    Suet. Aug. 10:

    Galliam,

    id. Caes. 22 al.
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    To take a thing by hearing, i. e.,
    1.
    To hear, to perceive, to observe, to learn (cf. opp. do = I give in words, i. e. I say): hoc simul accipe dictum, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 204): quod ego inaudivi, accipite, Pac. ap. Non. 126, 22 (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 81): hoc etiam accipe quod dico, Lucil. ap. Non. 240, 1:

    carmen auribus,

    Lucr. 4, 983 (so id. 6, 164); 1, 270; cf. Verg. A. 2, 65:

    voces,

    Lucr. 4, 613 (so 6, 171):

    si te aequo animo ferre accipiet,

    Ter. And. 2, 3, 23:

    quae gerantur, accipies ex Pollione,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 6; 1, 9, 4; Liv. 1, 7. —Hence very freq. in the histt., to get or receive intelligence of any thing, to learn:

    urbem Romam, sicuti ego accepi, condidere atque habuere initio Trojani,

    as I have learned, Sall. C. 6, 1, and so al.—
    2.
    To comprehend or understand any thing communicated:

    haud satis meo corde accepi querelas tuas,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 2, 18:

    et si quis est, qui haec putet arte accipi posse,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 114:

    ut non solum celeriter acciperet, quae tradebantur, etc.,

    Nep. Att. 1, 3; so Quint. 1, 3, 3; 2, 9, 3 al.—
    3.
    With the accessory idea of judging, to take a thing thus or thus, to interpret or explain, usually constr. with ad or in c. acc.:

    quibus res sunt minus secundae... ad contumeliam omnia accipiunt magis,

    the more unfortunate one is, the more inclined is he to regard every thing as an insult, Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 15:

    in eam partem accipio,

    id. Eun. 5, 2, 37; cf. Cic. Fam. 10, 6; id. Att. 16, 6; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 2:

    non recte accipis,

    you put a wrong construction upon this, id. And. 2, 2, 30:

    quae sibi quisque facilia factu putat, aequo animo accipit,

    Sall. C. 3, 2.— Hence: accipere aliquid omen, or in omen, to regard a thing as a ( favorable) omen, to accept the omen (cf. dechesthai ton oiônon), Cic. Div. 1, 46, 103; 2, 40, 83; Liv. 1, 7, 11; 21, 63 fin.; Tac. H. 1, 62; id. A. 1, 28; 2, 13; Flor. 4, 12, 14 al.—Hence poet.:

    accipio agnoscoque deos,

    Verg. A. 12, 260; cf. Ov. M. 7, 620.—
    B.
    To take a thing upon one's self, to undertake (syn. suscipio):

    accipito hanc ad te litem,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 23: meā causā causam accipite, Ter. Hec. alt. prol. 47; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 24; so id. Verr. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 20 al.—Hence also,
    C.
    To bear, endure, suffer any thing disagreeable or troublesome:

    hanccine ego ut contumeliam tam insignem ad me accipiam!

    Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 1:

    nil satis firmi video, quamobrem accipere hunc me expediat metum,

    id. Heaut. 2, 3, 96; 5, 1, 59; id. Eun. 4, 6, 24; id. Ad. 2, 1, 53; id. Ph. 5, 2, 4; Cic. Tusc. 5, 19, 56:

    calamitatem,

    id. Off. 3, 26:

    injuriam,

    id. ib. 1, 11 al.—
    D.
    To accept a thing, to be satisfied with, to approve: dos, Pamphile, est decem talenta; Pam.:

    Accipio,

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 48:

    accepit condicionem, dein quaestum accipit,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 52:

    visa ista... accipio iisque interdum etiam assentior, nec percipio tamen,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66:

    preces suas acceptas ab dis immortalibus ominati,

    Liv. 42, 30, 8 Drak. Cf. Herz, Caes. B. G. 5, 1: “equi te esse feri similem, dico.” Ridemus et ipse Messius: “accipio.” I allow it, Exactly so, Hor. S. 1, 5, 58.—
    E.
    In mercant. lang., t. t., to receive or collect a sum:

    pro quo (frumento) cum a Varinio praetore pecuniam accepisset,

    Cic. Fl. 45; hence subst.: acceptum, i, n., the receipt, and in account-books the credit side:

    in acceptum referre alicui,

    to carry over to the credit side, to place to one's credit, Cic. Verr. 1, 36, 57; id. Rosc. Com. 2; id. Phil. 2, 16; id. Caec. 6, 17; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 234 (opp. datum or expensum).—Hence also trop., to owe or be indebted to one, in a good or a bad sense:

    ut esset nemo qui non mihi vitam suam, liberos, remp. referret acceptam,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 5:

    omnia mala, quae postea vidimus, uni accepta referemus Antonio,

    ascribe, id. ib. 22; Caes. B. G. 8, 58; id. B. C, 3, 57: Acceptum [p. 18] refero versibus, esse nocens, Ov. Trist. 2, 10. —
    F.
    In the gram m., to take a word or phrase thus or thus, to explain a word in any manner:

    adversus interdum promiscue accipitur,

    Charis. p. 207 P. al.—(Syn. nanciscor and adipiscor: he to whom something is given, accipit; he who gets by a fortunate occurrence, nanciscitur; he who obtains it by exertion, adipiscitur. “ Sumimus ipsi: accipimus ab alio,” Vel. Long. p. 2243 P.—“Inter tenere, sumere et accipere hoc interest, quod tenemus quae sunt in nostra potestate: sumimus posita: accipimus data,” Isid. Diff. 1).—Hence, acceptus, a, um, P. a., welcome, agreeable, acceptable (syn. gratus. Acceptus is related to gratus, as the effect to the cause; he who is gratus, i. e. dear, is on that account acceptus, welcome, acceptable;

    hence the usual position: gratus atque acceptus).—First, of persons: essetne apud te is servus acceptissimus?

    Plaut. Cap. 3, 5, 56:

    plebi acceptus erat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 13;

    acceptus erat in oculis,

    Vulg. 1 Reg. 18, 5.—

    Of things: dis et hominibus est acceptum quod, etc.,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 5:

    quod vero approbaris. id gratum acceptumque habendum,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

    munus eorum gratum acceptumque esse,

    Nep. Hann. 7, 3:

    quorum mihi dona accepta et grata habeo,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 56:

    rem populo Romano gratam acceptamque,

    Cic. Phil. 13, 50;

    tempore accepto exaudivi,

    Vulg. 2 Cor. 6, 2.— Comp., Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 96; Cic. Rep. 6, 13; Tac. A. 6, 45 al.— Sup., see above.— Adv. accepte does not occur.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > accepte

  • 108 accipio

    ac-cĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3, v. a. ( fut. perf. accepso = accepero, Pac. ap. Non. 74, 31, or Rib. Trag. Rel. 118) [capio], to accept.
    I.
    In gen., to take a person or thing to one's self: leno ad se accipiet hominem et aurum, will take the man and his money to himself (into his house), Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 51.
    a.
    Of things received by the hand, to take, receive: cette manus vestras measque accipite, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 1 (Trag. v. 320 ed. Vahl.):

    ex tua accepi manu pateram,

    Plaut. Amph. 2, 2, 132; hence, trop. of the word given, the promise, with which a grasping of the hand was usually connected: accipe daque fidem, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 33 ed. Vahl.; so in the Gr. pista dounai kai labein); cf. Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 87; so Verg. A. 8, 150;

    in Ter. of a person to be protected: hanc (virginem) accepi, acceptam servabo,

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 62; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 5, and Sall. C. 6, 5, —
    b.
    Of things received or taken by different parts of the body: accipite hoc onus in vestros collos, Cato ap. Non. 200, 23:

    gremio,

    Verg. A. 1, 685:

    oculis aut pectore noctem (i. e. somnum),

    id. ib. 4, 531.—
    c.
    In gen., very freq.,
    (α).
    as implying action, to take, to take possession of, to accept (Gr. dechesthai);
    (β).
    of something that falls to one's share, to get, to receive, to be the recipient of (Gr. lambanein).—
    (α).
    To take, accept:

    hanc epistulam accipe a me,

    take this letter from me, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 52; 4, 2, 26; cf. id. Ep. 3, 4, 26:

    persuasit aliis, ut pecuniam accipere mallent,

    Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82:

    condicionem pacis,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 15:

    armis obsidibusque acceptis Crassus profectus est,

    after he had taken into his possession the arms and hostages, id. ib. 3, 23:

    divitias,

    Nep. Epam. 4, 3:

    aliquid a patre,

    to inherit, id. Timoth. 1, 1; id. Att. 1:

    accipe et haec, manuum tibi quae monumenta mearum sint,

    Verg. A. 3, 486 al. —Hence to receive or entertain as guest:

    haec (tellus) fessos placidissima portu accipit,

    Verg. A. 3, 78:

    Laurentes nymphae, accipite Aenean,

    id. ib. 8, 71; 155; Ov. M. 8, 655 al.—Of admittance to political privileges:

    Nomentani et Pedani in civitatem accepti,

    Liv. 8, 14; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35:

    magnifice volo summos viros accipere,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 34:

    in loco festivo sumus festive accepti,

    id. ib. 5, 19; so id. Cist. 1, 1, 12; id. Men. 5, 2, 44; id. Pers. 1, 1, 32, etc.; Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 52; Lucr. 3, 907; Cic. Att. 16, 6; Ov. F. 2, 725 al.—Hence also ironically, to entertain, to treat, deal with:

    ego te miseris jam accipiam modis,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 3:

    hominem accipiam quibus dictis maeret,

    id. Men. 5, 1, 7:

    indignis acceptus modis,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 12. Perh. also Lucil. ap. Non. 521, 1: adeo male me accipiunt decimae, treat or use me ill, deal harshly with me; and ib. 240, 8: sic, inquam, veteratorem illum vetulum lupum Hannibalem acceptum (Non. explains the latter in a very unusual manner, by deceptum).—
    (β).
    To get, to receive, to be the recipient of, Pac. ap. Non. 74, 31; Lucr. 1, 819, 909; 2, 762, 885, 1009:

    ictus,

    id. 4, 1048 (cf. Verg. A. 3, 243: vulnera accipiunt tergo): aridior nubes accipit ignem, takes or catches fire, Lucr. 6, 150; Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

    humanitatem iis tribuere debemus, a quibus accepimus,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9:

    pecuniam ob rem judicandam,

    id. Verr. 1, 38:

    luna lumen solis accipit,

    id. de Or. 3, 45; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 17:

    praeclarum accepimus a majoribus morem,

    Cic. Off. 3, 10, 44: praecepta, Caes. B. G. 2, 6: accepi tuas litteras (in another sense than above), I have received your letter, it has reached me (allatae sunt ad me), Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 14; 2, 1, 1; 10, 1 al.:

    acceptā injuriā ignoscere quam persequi malebant,

    Sall. C. 9, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

    calamitatem,

    ib. 1, 31:

    detrimenta,

    ib. 5, 22; cf. Cic. Mur. 21, 44 al. So often of dignities and offices:

    provinciam,

    id. Fam. 2, 10, 2:

    consulatum,

    Suet. Aug. 10:

    Galliam,

    id. Caes. 22 al.
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    To take a thing by hearing, i. e.,
    1.
    To hear, to perceive, to observe, to learn (cf. opp. do = I give in words, i. e. I say): hoc simul accipe dictum, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 204): quod ego inaudivi, accipite, Pac. ap. Non. 126, 22 (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 81): hoc etiam accipe quod dico, Lucil. ap. Non. 240, 1:

    carmen auribus,

    Lucr. 4, 983 (so id. 6, 164); 1, 270; cf. Verg. A. 2, 65:

    voces,

    Lucr. 4, 613 (so 6, 171):

    si te aequo animo ferre accipiet,

    Ter. And. 2, 3, 23:

    quae gerantur, accipies ex Pollione,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 6; 1, 9, 4; Liv. 1, 7. —Hence very freq. in the histt., to get or receive intelligence of any thing, to learn:

    urbem Romam, sicuti ego accepi, condidere atque habuere initio Trojani,

    as I have learned, Sall. C. 6, 1, and so al.—
    2.
    To comprehend or understand any thing communicated:

    haud satis meo corde accepi querelas tuas,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 2, 18:

    et si quis est, qui haec putet arte accipi posse,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 114:

    ut non solum celeriter acciperet, quae tradebantur, etc.,

    Nep. Att. 1, 3; so Quint. 1, 3, 3; 2, 9, 3 al.—
    3.
    With the accessory idea of judging, to take a thing thus or thus, to interpret or explain, usually constr. with ad or in c. acc.:

    quibus res sunt minus secundae... ad contumeliam omnia accipiunt magis,

    the more unfortunate one is, the more inclined is he to regard every thing as an insult, Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 15:

    in eam partem accipio,

    id. Eun. 5, 2, 37; cf. Cic. Fam. 10, 6; id. Att. 16, 6; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 2:

    non recte accipis,

    you put a wrong construction upon this, id. And. 2, 2, 30:

    quae sibi quisque facilia factu putat, aequo animo accipit,

    Sall. C. 3, 2.— Hence: accipere aliquid omen, or in omen, to regard a thing as a ( favorable) omen, to accept the omen (cf. dechesthai ton oiônon), Cic. Div. 1, 46, 103; 2, 40, 83; Liv. 1, 7, 11; 21, 63 fin.; Tac. H. 1, 62; id. A. 1, 28; 2, 13; Flor. 4, 12, 14 al.—Hence poet.:

    accipio agnoscoque deos,

    Verg. A. 12, 260; cf. Ov. M. 7, 620.—
    B.
    To take a thing upon one's self, to undertake (syn. suscipio):

    accipito hanc ad te litem,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 23: meā causā causam accipite, Ter. Hec. alt. prol. 47; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 24; so id. Verr. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 20 al.—Hence also,
    C.
    To bear, endure, suffer any thing disagreeable or troublesome:

    hanccine ego ut contumeliam tam insignem ad me accipiam!

    Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 1:

    nil satis firmi video, quamobrem accipere hunc me expediat metum,

    id. Heaut. 2, 3, 96; 5, 1, 59; id. Eun. 4, 6, 24; id. Ad. 2, 1, 53; id. Ph. 5, 2, 4; Cic. Tusc. 5, 19, 56:

    calamitatem,

    id. Off. 3, 26:

    injuriam,

    id. ib. 1, 11 al.—
    D.
    To accept a thing, to be satisfied with, to approve: dos, Pamphile, est decem talenta; Pam.:

    Accipio,

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 48:

    accepit condicionem, dein quaestum accipit,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 52:

    visa ista... accipio iisque interdum etiam assentior, nec percipio tamen,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66:

    preces suas acceptas ab dis immortalibus ominati,

    Liv. 42, 30, 8 Drak. Cf. Herz, Caes. B. G. 5, 1: “equi te esse feri similem, dico.” Ridemus et ipse Messius: “accipio.” I allow it, Exactly so, Hor. S. 1, 5, 58.—
    E.
    In mercant. lang., t. t., to receive or collect a sum:

    pro quo (frumento) cum a Varinio praetore pecuniam accepisset,

    Cic. Fl. 45; hence subst.: acceptum, i, n., the receipt, and in account-books the credit side:

    in acceptum referre alicui,

    to carry over to the credit side, to place to one's credit, Cic. Verr. 1, 36, 57; id. Rosc. Com. 2; id. Phil. 2, 16; id. Caec. 6, 17; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 234 (opp. datum or expensum).—Hence also trop., to owe or be indebted to one, in a good or a bad sense:

    ut esset nemo qui non mihi vitam suam, liberos, remp. referret acceptam,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 5:

    omnia mala, quae postea vidimus, uni accepta referemus Antonio,

    ascribe, id. ib. 22; Caes. B. G. 8, 58; id. B. C, 3, 57: Acceptum [p. 18] refero versibus, esse nocens, Ov. Trist. 2, 10. —
    F.
    In the gram m., to take a word or phrase thus or thus, to explain a word in any manner:

    adversus interdum promiscue accipitur,

    Charis. p. 207 P. al.—(Syn. nanciscor and adipiscor: he to whom something is given, accipit; he who gets by a fortunate occurrence, nanciscitur; he who obtains it by exertion, adipiscitur. “ Sumimus ipsi: accipimus ab alio,” Vel. Long. p. 2243 P.—“Inter tenere, sumere et accipere hoc interest, quod tenemus quae sunt in nostra potestate: sumimus posita: accipimus data,” Isid. Diff. 1).—Hence, acceptus, a, um, P. a., welcome, agreeable, acceptable (syn. gratus. Acceptus is related to gratus, as the effect to the cause; he who is gratus, i. e. dear, is on that account acceptus, welcome, acceptable;

    hence the usual position: gratus atque acceptus).—First, of persons: essetne apud te is servus acceptissimus?

    Plaut. Cap. 3, 5, 56:

    plebi acceptus erat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 13;

    acceptus erat in oculis,

    Vulg. 1 Reg. 18, 5.—

    Of things: dis et hominibus est acceptum quod, etc.,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 5:

    quod vero approbaris. id gratum acceptumque habendum,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:

    munus eorum gratum acceptumque esse,

    Nep. Hann. 7, 3:

    quorum mihi dona accepta et grata habeo,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 56:

    rem populo Romano gratam acceptamque,

    Cic. Phil. 13, 50;

    tempore accepto exaudivi,

    Vulg. 2 Cor. 6, 2.— Comp., Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 96; Cic. Rep. 6, 13; Tac. A. 6, 45 al.— Sup., see above.— Adv. accepte does not occur.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > accipio

  • 109 quam

        quam adv.    [qui].—Relat., in what manner, to what degree, how greatly, how, how much: nescis quam doleam, T.: vide, quam te amarit is: declaravit quam odisset senatum: docebat, quam veteres quamque iustae causae intercederent, Cs.: ut sentias quam vile sit corpus, L.: Vive memor quam sis aevi brevis, H.: ut nobis tempus quam diu diceremus praestitueres: mire quam illius loci cogitatio delectat (i. e. mirum est, quam, etc.), wonderfully.—Interrog., how?: quam avidum in pecuniis (hunc fuisse censetis)?: quam multis custodibus opus erit?: quam longe est hinc in saltum vestrum?—In exclamations, how! how very!: quam cupiunt laudari!: quam terribilis aspectu (incedebat)!: quam nihil praetermittis in consilio dando!: Quam paene regna Proserpinae vidimus! H. —Esp., in comparisons, in what degree, as: nihil est tam populare quam bonitas: quid est oratori tam necessarium quam vox?: tam diu requiesco, quam diu ad te scribo: tam esse clemens tyrannus, quam rex importunus potest: quam quisque pessume fecit, tam maxume tutus est, S.: tam sum amicus rei p. quam qui maxime: Non verbis dici potest Tantum quam navigare incommodumst, T.: maria aspera iuro Non ullum pro me tantum cepisse timorem, Quam ne, etc., V.: intentis, non ab irā tantum, quam quod urbs videbatur, etc., L.: dimidium tributi quam quod regibus ferre soliti erant, half as much tribute as, etc., L.: nihil aeque eos terruit, quam robur imperatoris, L.: quam multā grandine nimbi crepitant, sic ictibus heros Creber pulsat, V.—With ellips. of tam, as much as, to the extent that, as... as: quam voletis multi dicent, as many of you as choose: quam diu vixit, all his life: quam diu tu voles, as long as you will: non militum fiduciā quam iuventutis, not so much, L.: tyrannus, quam qui umquam, saevissimus, never surpassed in cruelty, L.: Huc turba ruebat... Quam multa cadunt folia, as numerous as, V. —With sup. and possum or (old) queo: ut te redimas captum quam queas Minumo, at the lowest price you can, T.: quam plurimos potest equites educit, S.: quam maximis potest itineribus pervenit, Cs.: quam maxime possem, contenderem, to the utmost of my power.—With sup. and ellips. of possum, in the highest degree, as... as possible, extremely, very: quam minimum spati daretur, the shortest time possible, Cs.: quam plurimo vendere, at the highest price: ut quam primum accederet, as soon as possible: quam primum, forthwith, V. —Colloq.: quam familiariter, very, T.—Implying difference of degree (after a comp. or word of comparison), than: acrior quam ego sum: omnia sunt citius facta quam dixi: nec diutius vixit quam locuta est: ut aditus non magis nobilitati quam virtuti pateret: istas tu partīs potius quam defectionem vocas?: Nec tibi grata minus pietas... Quam fuit illa Iovi, O.: se temere magis quam satis caute inferre, L.: non locuta est ferocius quam poculum inpavide hausit, L.: speciem gloriae vehementius quam caute appetebat, Ta.: maiorem pecuniam polliceri, quam quantam hic dedisset: ne libentius haec evomere videar quam verius, with more satisfaction than accuracy: pestilentia minacior quam perniciosior, more threatening than destructive, L.: turbavit ordinem non acrior quam pertinacior impetus, L.: quid hoc fieri turpius potest, quam eum... labi: ne aliter, quam ego velim, meum laudet ingenium, otherwise than as I wished: quis antea, quis esset, quam cuius gener esset, audivit? sooner... than: pridie quam a me tu coactus eo profitere, on the day before. virtus nihil aliud est quam in se perfecta natura: nil aliud agens quam ut, etc., with no other purpose than, etc., L.: saepe supra feret, quam fieri possit, more than: ultra quam satis est, producitur.—Praegn., after verbs implying preference or superiority, rather than: praestare omnīs perferre acerbitates, quam non civibus parentarent, Cs.: si eligere commodissimum quodque, quam sese uni vellent addicere: esse quam videri bonus malebat, S.: malae rei se quam nullius duces esse volunt, L.: statuit congredi quam refugere, N.—After expressions of time, later than, after that, after: die vicensimo quam creatus erat dictaturā se abdicavit, L.: anno trecentesimo altero quam condita Roma erat, L.
    * * *
    I
    how, how much; as, than

    quam + superlative -- as... as possible

    II
    how, than

    Latin-English dictionary > quam

  • 110 frons

    1.
    frons (also anciently fruns; plur. frundes, Enn. Ann. 266 Vahl.; cf. Charis. p. 105 P.—Also in nom. fros or frus, Varr. ib.; Enn. v in the foll.; cf. Prisc. p. 554 P.; and FRONDIS, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 2, 372), dis, f. [etym. dub.], a leafy branch, green bough, foliage.
    I.
    Lit. (class.; in sing. and plur.; syn. folium).
    (α).
    Sing.: populea frus, Enn. ap. Aus. Technop. (Edyll. 5) 158 sq. (id. Ann. v. 562 Vahl.):

    ilignea, quernea,

    Cato, R. R. 37, 2:

    in nemoribus, ubi virgulta et frons multa,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 11:

    bobus praestabit vilicus frondem,

    Col. 11, 3, 101: alta frons decidit, Varr. ap. Non. 486, 13:

    ne caules allii in frondem luxurient,

    Plin. 19, 6, 34, § 113:

    perenni frunde corona,

    Lucr. 1, 119:

    nigrae feraci frondis in Algido,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 58:

    sine fronde,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 75:

    immaturam destringere,

    Quint. 12, 6, 2.—
    (β).
    Plur.: russescunt frundes, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 105 P. (Ann. v. 266 Vahl.):

    deserta via et inculta atque interclusa jam frondibus et virgultis relinquatur,

    Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

    viminibus salices fecundi, frondibus ulmi,

    Verg. G. 2, 446:

    frondibus teneris non adhibendam esse falcem,

    Quint. 2, 4, 11:

    bovemque Disjunctum curas et strictis frondibus exples,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 28; id. C. 3, 18, 14.—
    II.
    Poet. transf., a garland made of leafy boughs, a garland of leaves, leafy chaplet: donec Alterutrum velox victoria fronde coronet, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 64; so in sing., id. C. 4, 2, 36; id. Ep. 2, 1, 110:

    nos delubra deum festa velamus fronde,

    Verg. A. 2, 249; 5, 661; Ov. M. 1, 449; 565; id. A. A. 1, 108.—In plur., Ov. F. 1, 711; 3, 482.
    2.
    frons, frontis, f. ( masc., Cato ap. Gell. 15, 9, 5; and ap. Fest. s. v. recto, p. 286, b, Müll.; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 46 Ritschl, N. cr.; id. ap. Non. 205, 4; Caecil. ap. Gell. 15, 9, 3; Vitr. 10, 17) [cf. Sanscr. brhū; Gr. ophrus; Germ. Braue; Engl. brow; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 296], the forehead, brow, front (syn.: vultus, os, facies).
    I.
    Lit.:

    frons et aliis (animalibus), sed homini tantum tristitiae, hilaritatis, clementiae, severitatis index: in adsensu ejus supercilia homini et pariter et alterna mobilia,

    Plin. 11, 37, 51, § 138:

    tanta erat gravitas in oculo, tanta contractio frontis, ut illo supercilio res publica, tamquam Atlante caelum, niti videretur,

    Cic. Sest. 8, 19: frontem contrahere, to contract or knit the brows, id. Clu. 26, 72; Hor. S. 2, 2, 125;

    for which, adducere,

    Sen. Ben. 1, 1:

    attrahere,

    id. ib. 6, 7: remittere frontem, to smooth the brow, i. e. to cheer up, Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 5;

    for which: exporge frontem,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 53; cf.:

    primum ego te porrectiore fronte volo mecum loqui,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 3:

    explicare,

    Hor. C. 3, 29, 16;

    solvere,

    Mart. 14, 183: ut frontem ferias, smitest thy forehead (as a sign of vexation), Cic. Att. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

    nulla perturbatio animi, nulla corporis, frons non percussa, non femur,

    id. Brut. 80, 278:

    femur, pectus, frontem caedere,

    Quint. 2, 12, 10:

    frontem sudario tergere,

    id. 6, 3, 60;

    for which: siccare frontem sudario,

    id. 11, 3, 148:

    capillos a fronte retroagere,

    id. ib. 160:

    mediam ferro gemina inter tempora frontem Dividit,

    Verg. A. 9, 750:

    quorundam capita per medium frontis et verticis mucrone distincta, in utrumque humerum pendebant,

    Amm. 31, 7, 14:

    insignem tenui fronte Lycorida (a small forehead was regarded as a beauty by the ancients),

    Hor. C. 1, 33, 5; cf. id. Ep. 1, 7, 26; Petr. 126; Mart. 4, 42, 9; Arn. 2, 72.—Of the forehead of animals:

    est bos cervi figura: cujus a media fronte, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 26, 1:

    tauri torva fronte,

    Plin. 8, 45, 70, § 181:

    equi,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 30:

    ovis,

    id. F. 4, 102:

    cui (haedo) frons turgida cornibus Primis,

    Hor. C. 3, 13, 4:

    (vitulus) Fronte curvatos imitatus ignes lunae,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 57.—In plur., Lucr. 5, 1034. —
    2.
    The brow as a mirror of the feelings:

    non solum ex oratione, sed etiam ex vultu et oculis et fronte, ut aiunt, meum erga te amorem perspicere potuisses,

    Cic. Att. 14, 13, B, 1; cf. Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 11, 44; and:

    homines fronte et oratione magis, quam ipso beneficio reque capiuntur,

    expression of countenance, id. ib. 12, 46:

    si verum tum, cum verissima fronte, dixerunt, nunc mentiuntur,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 12, 35:

    haec ipsa fero equidem fronte et vultu bellissime, sed angor intimis sensibus,

    id. Att. 5, 10, 3: frons, oculi, vultus persaepe mentiuntur;

    oratio vero saepissime,

    id. Q. F. 1, 1, 5, § 15; cf.:

    oculi, supercilia, frons, vultus denique totus, qui sermo quidam tacitus mentis est, hic in fraudem homines impulit,

    id. Pis. 1, 1; id. Fam. 1, 9, 17:

    fronte occultare sententiam,

    id. Lael. 18, 65:

    tranquilla et serena,

    id. Tusc. 3, 15, 31; cf.:

    reliquiae pristinae frontis,

    id. Fam. 9, 10, 2:

    laeta,

    Verg. A. 6, 862:

    sollicita,

    Hor. C. 3, 29, 16:

    tristis,

    Tib. 2, 3, 33:

    gravis,

    Plin. Pan. 41, 3:

    humana, lenis, placida,

    Sen. Ben. 2, 13:

    inverecunda,

    Quint. 2, 4, 16:

    proterva,

    Hor. C. 2, 5, 16:

    urbana (i. e. impudens),

    id. Ep. 1, 9, 11:

    impudens, proterva, Aug. Op. imperf. c. Jul. 6, 21: impudentissima,

    id. ib. 26; cf.:

    impudentia frontis,

    Hier. adv. Rufin. 1, 7:

    fronte inverecunda nummos captare,

    Val. Max. 8, 2, 2.—In plur.:

    si populo grata est tabella, quae frontes aperit hominum, mentes tegat,

    Cic. Planc. 6, 16.—
    3.
    Prov.:

    frons occipitio prior est,

    i. e. better work before the master's face than behind his back, Cato, R. R. 4; Plin. 18, 5, 6, § 31.—
    B.
    Transf
    1.
    The forepart of any thing, the front, façade, van (opp. tergum and latus):

    copias ante frontem castrorum struit,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 37, 1:

    aedium,

    Vitr. 3, 2:

    parietum,

    id. 2, 8:

    januae,

    Ov. F. 1, 135:

    scena,

    Verg. G. 3, 24:

    (navium),

    id. A. 5, 158:

    pontis,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 9, 4:

    collis ex utraque parte lateris dejectus habebat, et in frontem leniter fastigatus, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 8; 7, 23: intervallum justum arborum quadrageni pedes in terga frontemque, in latera viceni, Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 202; cf. Quint. 1, 10, 43:

    octo cohortes in fronte constituit,

    Sall. C. 59, 2:

    quatuor legionum aquilae per frontem,

    Tac. H. 2, 89:

    una fronte contra hostem castra muniunt,

    only in front, Caes. B. C. 1, 80, 2 Herz.:

    aequa fronte ad pugnam procedebat,

    Liv. 36, 44, 1:

    nec tamen aequari frontes poterant, cum extenuando infirmam mediam aciem haberent,

    id. 5, 38, 2:

    recta fronte concurrere hosti (opp. in dextrum cornu),

    Curt. 4, 13 med.; cf.:

    directa fronte pugnandum est,

    Quint. 5, 13, 11:

    veritus ne simul in frontem simul et latera suorum pugnaretur,

    Tac. Agr. 35:

    transisse aestuaria pulchrum ac decorum in frontem (i. e. fronti),

    for the front, the van, id. ib. 33: dextra fronte prima legio incessit, on the right front, i. e. on the right wing, id. H. 2, 24 fin.:

    laeva,

    Claud. in Ruf. 2, 174; cf.:

    frons laevi cornu haec erat,

    Curt. 4, 13 fin. — Poet. transf., of clouds:

    ut non tam concurrere nubes Frontibus adversis possint quam de latere ire,

    Lucr. 6, 117;

    of a precipice: Fronte sub adversa scopulis pendentibus antrum,

    Verg. A. 1, 166.—Esp. freq.: a fronte, in front, before (opp. a tergo and a latere):

    a tergo, a fronte, a lateribus tenebitur, si in Galliam venerit,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 13, 32:

    a fronte atque ab utroque latere cratibus ac pluteis protegebat,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 25 fin.:

    totis fere a fronte et ab sinistra parte nudatis castris,

    id. B. G. 2, 23, 4. —
    2.
    The outer end of a book-roll or volume, Tib. 3, 1, 13; Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 11.—
    3. 4.
    In measuring land = latitudo, the breadth:

    mille pedes in fronte, trecentos cippus in agrum Hic dabat,

    Hor. S. 1, 8, 12; Inscr. Orell. 4558; 4560.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    The outside, exterior, external quality, appearance (cf. species and facies;

    mostly post-Aug.): Pompeius Scauro studet: sed utrum fronte an mente, dubitatur,

    Cic. Att. 4, 15, 7:

    plus habet in recessu, quam fronte promittat,

    Quint. 1, 4, 2; 11, 1, 61; cf.:

    frons causae non satis honesta,

    id. 4, 1, 42 Spald.:

    decipit Frons prima multos,

    the first appearance, Phaedr. 4, 2, 6; cf.:

    dura primā fronte quaestio,

    Quint. 7, 1, 56:

    ex prima statim fronte dijudicare imprudentium est,

    id. 12, 7, 8.—
    B.
    The character or feelings expressed by the brow.
    1.
    Poet. in partic., shame:

    exclamet perisse Frontem de rebus,

    Pers. 5, 104 (for which:

    clament periisse pudorem,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 80).—
    2.
    Impudence, boldness (late Lat.; cf.

    os),

    Aug. Civ. D. 3, 30.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > frons

  • 111 vicis

    vĭcis (as a gen.; the nom. does not occur), vicem, vice; in plur., vices (nom. and acc.) and vicibus (dat. and abl.), f. [cf. Gr. eikô, to yield; root Wik-; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 135], change, interchange, alternation, alternate or reciprocal succession, vicissitude (the gen. not ante-Aug.; the other cases class.).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; for which, in class. prose, vicissitudo).
    (α).
    Sing.: ignotus juvenum coetus alternā vice Inibat alacris, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 151 Vahl.):

    hac vice sermonum,

    conversation, Verg. A. 6, 535:

    vice sermonis,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 79; cf. in the foll. b:

    deus haec fortasse benigna Reducet in sedem vice,

    Hor. Epod. 13, 8:

    solvitur acris hiems grata vice veris et Favoni,

    id. C. 1, 4, 1:

    commoti Patres vice fortunarum humanarum,

    Liv. 7, 31, 6: dum Nox vicem peragit, performs the exchange, i. e. alternales with day, Ov. M. 4, 218:

    ridica contingens vitem mutuā vice sustinetur et sustinet,

    Col. 4, 16:

    versā vice,

    reversely, Dig. 43, 29, 3; App. Dogm. Plat. p. 32, 6; id. Flor. p. 363; Just. 6, 5, 11 al.—
    (β).
    Plur.:

    plerumque gratae divitibus vices Mundaeque parvo sub Lare pauperum Cenae,

    Hor. C. 3, 29, 13:

    et interrogandi se ipsum et respondendi sibi solent esse non ingratae vices,

    Quint. 9, 2, 14:

    loquendi,

    id. 6, 4, 11; Ov. P. 2, 10, 35:

    ipsius lectionis taedium vicibus levatur,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4:

    habet has vices condicio mortalium, ut adversa ex secundis, ex adversis secunda nascantur,

    Plin. Pan. 5 fin.:

    spatium diei noctis excipiunt vices,

    Phaedr. 2, 8, 10:

    haec quoque non perstant... Quasque vices peragant... docebo,

    what vicissitudes they undergo, Ov. M. 15, 238:

    mutat terra vices,

    renews her changes, Hor. C. 4, 7, 3:

    perque vicis modo Persephone! modo Filia! clamat,

    alternately, Ov. F. 4, 483; so,

    per vicis,

    id. M. 4, 40; Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23:

    per vices annorum,

    i. e. every other year, id. 12, 14, 30, § 54:

    cur vicibus factis convivia ineant,

    alternately, by turns, Ov. F. 4, 353.—
    2.
    Adverb.: in vicem (also freq. one word, invĭcem; and less freq. vicem, in vices, or per vices), by turns, alternately, one after the other, mutually, reciprocally.
    a.
    In vicem: bibenda aqua: postero die etiam vinum: deinde in vicem alternis diebus modo aqua modo vinum, Cels. 3, 2 med.:

    reliqui, qui domi manserunt, se atque alios alunt: hi rursus in vicem anno post in armis sunt,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 1:

    propter vicinitatem simul eramus invicem,

    Cic. Att. 5, 10, 5; Quint. 11, 3, 168:

    multis invicem casibus victi victoresque,

    Liv. 2, 44, 12:

    non comisantium in vicem more jam diu vivimus inter nos,

    id. 40, 9, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    in vicem inter se gratantes,

    id. 9, 43, 17:

    inque vicem tua me, te mea forma capit,

    Ov. H. 17, 180; id. M. 6, 631; 8, 473; Verg. G. 3, 188; Hor. S. 1, 3, 141 al.—
    b.
    Vicem:

    ut unus fasces haberet, et hoc insigne regium suam cujusque vicem, per omnes iret,

    Liv. 3, 36, 3; cf. id. 1, 9, 15.—
    c.
    In vices ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    inque vices illum tectos qui laesit amores, Laedit amore pari,

    Ov. M. 4, 191; 12, 161; Tac. G. 26 Halm.—
    d.
    Per vices (post-Aug. and very rare):

    quod ipsum imperari per vices optimum est,

    Quint. 2, 4, 6 Halm.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    A time, turn (late Lat.; cf. Orell. ad Hor. C. 4, 14, 13):

    ager tertiā vice arabitur,

    Pall. 10, 1:

    tribus per diem vicibus,

    id. 1, 3 fin.; cf.:

    tesserulas in medium vice suā quisque jaciebamus,

    Gell. 18, 13, 1:

    vice quādam,

    once, Sid. Ep. 7, 1; Aus. Pan. Grat. Aug. 4.—
    2.
    Reciprocal behavior or conduct, i. e. return, requital, reciprocal service, recompense, remuneration, retaliation (rare but class.):

    recito praedicationem amplissimi beneficii, vicem officii praesentis,

    Cic. Sest. 4, 10:

    tanto proclivius est injuriae quam beneficio vicem exsolvere,

    Tac. H. 4, 3; Prop. 1, 13, 10:

    redde vicem meritis,

    Ov. Am. 1, 6, 23:

    non poteris ipsa referre vicem,

    id. A. A. 1, 370; cf.:

    dejecit acer plus vice simplici (i. e. non tantam solum cladem illis intulit quantam ipsi dederant, sed duplum, Schol.),

    Hor. C. 4, 14, 13 Orell. ad loc.— Plur.:

    spernentem sperne, sequenti Redde vices,

    Ov. M. 14, 36:

    neque est ullus affectus... qui magis vices exigat,

    Plin. Pan. 85, 3.—
    3.
    The changes of fate, fate, hap, lot, condition, fortune, misfortune:

    mihi uni necesse erit et meam et aliorum vicem pertimescere?

    Cic. Dom. 4, 8:

    indignando et ipse vicem ejus,

    Liv. 40, 23, 1:

    tacite gementes tristem fortunae vicem,

    Phaedr. 5, 1, 6; cf.:

    vicem suam conquestus est,

    Suet. Aug. 66:

    convertere humanam vicem,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 88:

    publicā vice commoveri,

    Quint. 11, 1, 42; cf. id. 4, 1, 33.— Plur.:

    fors et Debita jura vicesque superbae Te maneant ipsum,

    Hor. C. 1, 28, 32:

    testor in occasu vestro nec tela nec ullas Vitavisse vices Danaūm,

    dangers, contests, Verg. A. 2, 433.—
    II.
    Transf., the position, place, room, stead, post, office, duty of one person or thing as assumed by another (the usual signif. of the word):

    heredum causa justissima est: nulla est enim persona, quae ad vicem ejus, qui e vitā emigrarit, propius accedat,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

    ego succedens in vicem imperii tui,

    Liv. 38, 48, 7:

    ipse in locum vicemque consulis provolat,

    id. 3, 18, 9:

    postquam (Juppiter) te dedit, qui erga omne humanum genus vice suā fungereris,

    stand in the place of, represent, Plin. Pan. 80, 6:

    fungar vice cotis,

    Hor. A. P. 304:

    per speciem alienae fungendae vicis opes suas firmavit,

    Liv. 1, 41, 6:

    ne sacra regiae vicis desererentur,

    id. 1, 20, 2:

    vestramque meamque vicem explete,

    Tac. A. 4, 8 fin.:

    cujus... ego vicem debeo inplere,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 6, 6:

    (Manus) adverbiorum atque pronominum obtinent vicem,

    Quint. 11, 3, 87:

    in ordine vicis suae,

    Vulg. Luc. 1, 8.— Plur.: non ad suum pertinere officium rati, quando divisae professionum vices essent, Quint. Inst. prooem. § 4.—
    2.
    Adverb.
    a.
    Vicem, with the gen. or a pers. pron., in the place of, instead of, on account of, for, for the sake of:

    eri vicem meamque,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 11:

    qui hodie sese excruciari meam vicem possit pati,

    id. Most. 2, 1, 8; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 24:

    vos respondetote istinc istarum vicem,

    id. Rud. 3, 5, 34:

    tuam vicem saepe doleo,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 23, 3:

    suam vicem indignantem magistratu abisse,

    Liv. 2, 31, 11: remittimus hoc tibi, ne nostram vicem irascaris. id. 34, 32, 6:

    sollicito consuli... eorum vicem quos, etc.,

    id. 44, 3, 5:

    rex, vicem eorum quos ad tam manifestum periculum miserat,

    Curt. 7, 11, 20:

    maestus non suam vicem, sed propter, etc.,

    id. 7, 2, 5: cum Pompeius aedem Victoriae dedicaturus foret, cujus gradus vicem theatri essent, Tiro Tull. ap. [p. 1987] Gell. 10, 1, 7:

    quoniam res familiaris obsidis vicem esse apud rempublicam videbatur,

    Gell. 16, 10, 11.—
    (β).
    Sometimes in a more general sense, after the manner of, like:

    Sardanapali vicem in suo lectulo mori,

    Cic. Att. 10, 8, 7: ceteri vicem pecorum obtruncabantur, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 497, 26; cf. the foll.—
    b.
    Vice, instead of, for, on account of:

    in pane salis vice utuntur nitro,

    Plin. 31, 10, 46, § 115:

    temonis vice trahitur,

    Col. 6, 2, 7:

    murum urbi cocto latere circumdedit, harenae vice bitumine interstrato,

    Just. 1, 2, 7:

    exanimes vice unius,

    Liv. 1, 25, 6:

    senatus vice populi,

    Just. Inst. 1, 2, 5.—
    (β).
    In a more general sense (cf. the preced. numbers), after the manner of, like:

    jactari se passa fluctu algae vice,

    Plin. 9, 45, 68, § 147:

    moveri periclitantium vice possumus,

    Quint. 6, 2, 35:

    diebus ac noctibus vice mundi circumagi,

    Suet. Ner. 31:

    quaeque dixerat, oracli vice accipiens,

    Tac. A. 6, 21 fin.:

    ut deorum vice mortuos honorarent,

    like gods, Lact. 4, 28 fin.:

    vice navium,

    App. de Deo Socr. p. 47, 22:

    vice pecudum occidi,

    Lact. 5, 10, 6:

    vice imbellium proculcati,

    Dict. Cret. 3, 24.—
    c.
    In vicem, instead of, for, in place of:

    potest malleolus protinus in vicem viviradicis conseri,

    Col. 3, 14, 3:

    defatigatis in vicem integri succedunt,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 85:

    in omnium vicem regni unius insatiabilis amor Successit,

    Liv. 40, 8, 18:

    missis in vicem eorum quinque milibus sociorum,

    id. 31, 11, 3; Col. 5, 6, 1; so dat. vici, Quint. Decl. 6, 4.—
    d.
    Ad vicem, instead of, for:

    ad tegularum et imbricum vicem,

    Plin. 36, 22, 44, § 159:

    ad vicem solis cinis calidus subjectus,

    Pall. 4, 10 fin.; 3, 28;

    very rarely, ad invicem,

    Veg. Vet. 2, 7 fin. —
    (β).
    In a more general sense (cf. in the preced. numbers a. and b.), after the manner of, like:

    majores natu a majoribus colebantur ad deum prope ad parentum vicem,

    Gell. 2, 15, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vicis

  • 112 igitur

    ĭgĭtur, conj. [pronom. stem i- of is; suffix -ha (-dha); Gr. -tha; Sanscr. -iha, here; -tur, = -tus (Sanscr. -tas), as in penitus, antiquitus, etc., from thence], introduces an inference or deduction, then, therefore, thereupon, accordingly, in these circumstances (in class. prose usu. placed after the first word of the clause; cf. below, III.; syn.: itaque, ergo; cf.: eo, ideo, idcirco, propterea; quamobrem, quare, etc.).
    I.
    In gen. (rare):

    SI. IN. IVS. VOCAT. NI. IT. ANTESTATOR. IGITVR EM. CAPITO, Fragm. XII. Tab.: mox magis, cum otium mihi et tibi erit, igitur tecum loquar,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 2, 39:

    quando habebo, igitur rationem mearum fabricarum dabo,

    id. Mil. 3, 1, 177; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 17:

    cetera consimili mentis ratione peragrans, Invenies igitur multarum semina rerum Corpore celare, etc.,

    Lucr. 2, 677.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Pleon., with tum, deinde, or demum, then at length, then certainly, then first:

    ubi emeritum'st stipendium, igitur tum Specimen cernitur, quo eveniat aedificatio,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 51:

    tum igitur tibi aquae erit cupido,

    id. Trin. 3, 2, 50:

    igitur tum accedam hunc, quando quid agam invenero,

    id. Most. 3, 1, 159:

    post id igitur deinde faciam palam,

    id. Stich. 1, 2, 29:

    miserumst opus, igitur demum fodere puteum, ubi sitis fauces tenet,

    id. Most. 2, 1, 32:

    igitur demum omnes scient quae facta,

    id. Am. 1, 2, 11; 1, 1, 145:

    post igitur demum faciam ut res flat palam,

    id. ib. 3, 1, 16:

    demum igitur, quom seis jam senex, tum in otium te conloces, etc.,

    id. Merc. 3, 2, 9.—
    B.
    In drawing a logical conclusion (but not with et, atque, que; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 540), therefore, accordingly, consequently: St. Ligna hic apud nos nulla sunt. Co. Sunt asseres. St. Sunt pol. Co. Sunt igitur ligna, Plaut. Aul. 2, 6, 8:

    si enim est aliquid in rerum natura, quod hominis mens, quod ratio, quod vis, quod potestas humana efficere non possit, est certe id, quod illud efficit, homine melius. Atqui res caelestes omnesque eae, quarum est ordo sempiternus, ab homine confici non possunt. Est igitur id, quo illa conficiuntur, homine melius,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 16: quid ergo haec ab illa conclusione differt, Si mentiris, mentiris;

    mentiris autem, mentiris igitur?

    id. Ac. 2, 30, 96; id. Tusc. 4, 17, 40: quodsi melius geruntur, quae consilio, quam quae sine consilio administrantur;

    nihil autem omnium rerum melius quam omnis mundus administratur: consilio igitur mundus administratur, Quint 5, 14, 9: quod cum ita sit, certe nec secerni nec dividi nec discerpi nec distrahi potest, ne interire quidem igitur,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; cf. id. ib. 1, 34, 82; 1, 36, 88: sequitur, ut nihil paeniteat, nihil desit, nihil obstet: ergo omnia profluenter, absolute, prospere;

    igitur beate,

    id. ib. 5, 18, 53; so,

    corresp. with ergo,

    id. Lael. 14 fin., and 15 init.:

    atqui falsum quod est, id percipi non potest, ut vobismet ipsis placet. Si igitur memoria perceptarum comprehensarumque rerum est: omnia, etc.,

    id. Fin. 2, 33, 106.—
    C.
    In consecutive interrogations, then:

    dolor igitur, id est summum malum, metuetur semper, etiam si non aderit: jam enim adesse poterit. Qui potest igitur habitare in beata vita summi mali metus?

    Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 92; cf.:

    utrum igitur hactenus satis est?

    id. Top. 4, 25:

    in quo igitur loco est? credo equidem in capite,

    id. Tusc. 1, 29, 70:

    ubi igitur locus fuit errori deorum?

    id. N. D. 3, 31, 76:

    possumusne igitur in Antonii latrocinio aeque esse tuti?

    id. Phil. 12, 12, 27; cf.:

    totiesne igitur sententiam mutas?

    id. Att. 8, 14, 2:

    cur has igitur sibi tam graves leges imposuerit, cum? etc.,

    id. Ac. 2, 8, 23.—In ironical or sarcastic interrog. clauses:

    igitur hocine est amare? arare mavelim quam sic amare,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 20:

    dicet aliquis: Haec igitur est tua disciplina? sic tu instituis adulescentes?

    Cic. Cael. 17, 39; id. Fam. 9, 10, 2:

    id indigne ferens ille: Hunc igitur, regem agnoscimus, inquit?

    Curt. 6, 11, 23:

    quin igitur ulciscimur Graeciam et urbi faces subdimus?

    id. 5, 7, 4; cf. id. 10, 6, 23.—
    D.
    In resuming an interrupted thought:

    cum Q. Metellus L. F. causam de pecuniis repetundis diceret, ille, ille vir, cui patriae salus dulcior quam conspectus fuit, qui de civitate decedere quam de sententia maluit: hoc igitur causam dicente, cum, etc.,

    Cic. Balb. 5, 11; id. Off. 1, 2, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 13, 30; id. Brut. 48, 177 al.—Esp. after a parenthesis: recta effectio (katorthôsin enim ita appello, quoniam rectum factum katorthôma) recta igitur effectio crescendi accessionem nullam habet, Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 45; 2, 22, 74:

    scripsi etiam (nam etiam ab orationibus dijungo me fere, etc.) scripsi igitur Aristotelio more, etc.,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:

    tu enim sapienter (nunc demum enim rescribo iis litteris, quas mihi misisti convento Antonio Tiburi) sapienter igitur, quod manus dedisti, etc.,

    id. Att. 16, 3, 1:

    rerum autem cognitiones (quas vel comprehensiones vel perceptiones appellemus licet) has igitur ipsas propter se asciscendas arbitramur,

    id. Fin. 3, 5, 18; 2, 33, 107; 4, 14, 38; Sall. C. 54 init.; Curt. 3, 2, 2; Nep. Thras. 4, 3.—
    E.
    In emphatically repeating a word or thought:

    quae mihi omnia grata sunt, de L. Mescinio gratissimum... id igitur—puto enim etiam atque etiam mihi dicendum esse—velim existimes mihi te fecisse gratissimum,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 28 a, 1:

    ea vis, ea igitur ipsa, quae, etc.,

    id. Mil. 31, 84.—
    F.
    In returning to or summing up a preceding train of thought, I say then, so then, as I was saying, in short: ut cum videmus speciem primum candoremque caeli;

    deinde conversionis celeritatem tantam, quantam, etc.... tum vicissitudines dierum ac noctium... tum globum terrae eminentem e mari... tum multitudinem pecudum... hominemque ipsum... atque hominis utilitati agros omnes ac maria parentia: haec igitur et alia innumerabilia cum cernimus, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 70; id. Cat. 4, 11, 23; id. Fam. 13, 1, 3; id. de Or. 2, 25, 105 al.—
    G.
    To introduce a special amplification of a thought previously introduced in general terms, then:

    de hominibus dici non necesse est. Tribus igitur modis video, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 66; id. Brut. 32, 122:

    quoniam pluribus modis accipi solet, non equidem in omnes eam particulas secabo, sed maxime necessarias attingam. Est igitur unum genus, etc.,

    Quint. 8, 3, 63:

    ut igitur ante meridiem discesserunt, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

    sit igitur (ut supra significavi) divisio rerum plurium in singulas, partitio singularum in partes discretus ordo,

    Quint. 7, 1. 1:

    prima est igitur amplificandi vel minuendi species,

    id. 8, 4, 1 (v. also III. A. below).—
    III.
    Position.
    A.
    Sometimes igitur begins a sentence (in Cic. only in sense last described, II. E. above; freq. in Sall., Tac., Curt., and Liv.;

    v. Zumpt, Gram. § 357): nunc juris principia videamus. Igitur doctissimis viris proficisci placuit a lege, etc.,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18:

    igitur his genus, aetas, eloquentia prope aequalia fuere,

    Sall. C. 54, 1; 46, 3; Quint. 1, 1, 1: de quo, quia nunc primum oblatus est, pauca repetam:

    nam et ipse pars Romanarum cladium erit. Igitur matre libertina ortus, etc.,

    Tac. A. 15, 72; 1, 31.—
    B.
    Igitur is sometimes placed after several words:

    referamus nos igitur ad eum quem volumus incohandum,

    Cic. Or. 9, 33:

    eamne rationem igitur sequare?

    id. Fin. 2, 23, 76:

    quid dicis igitur?

    id. Tusc. 1, 6, 12; cf.:

    quid me igitur mones?

    id. Div. 2, 64, 132:

    paria sunt igitur,

    id. Fin. 4, 27, 75; cf.:

    videndum est igitur,

    id. Off. 1, 14, 43:

    hujus quoque igitur criminis, te accusante, mentio nulla fiet,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 10, 32:

    huic homini parcetis igitur?

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 32, § 81:

    in hominem dicendum est igitur,

    id. Fl. 10, 23:

    hi autem non sunt: ne Nymphae quidem deae igitur?

    id. N. D. 3, 17, 43; cf.:

    ne in animo quidem igitur sensus remanet,

    id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82:

    ille mihi videtur igitur vere augurari,

    id. Div. 1, 15, 27:

    quae est melior igitur in hominum genere natura?

    id. Tusc. 1, 14, 32:

    quid tibi negoti est meae domi igitur?

    Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 63.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > igitur

  • 113 compes

    1.
    com-pēs ( conp-), pĕdis, f. (m. acc. compedem meum, Vulg. Thren. 3, 7; plur. compedes parati, Lact. Mort. Persec. c. 21), a (wooden) fetter or shackle, for the feet (usu. in plur.).
    I.
    Prop., nom. and acc.:

    jubete huic crassas conpedis inpingier,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 76:

    ut istas conpedis Tibi adimam,

    id. ib. 5, 4, 30; id. Men. 1, 1, 4; id. Pers. 2, 3, 17; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 19; gen. conpedium, Plaut. Pers. 3, 3, 15, abl.:

    conpedibus levior filius,

    id. Capt. 5, 4, 28; Cato ap. Gell. 11, 18, 18; Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 77; Juv. 10, 182.—In sing. gen. compedis, Claud. in Eutr. prol. 2, 3; acc. compedem, Vulg. Thren. 3, 7; abl.:

    durā compede,

    Tib. 1, 7, 42:

    validā,

    id. 2, 6, 25; Hor. Epod. 4, 4; Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 5:

    magnā,

    Juv. 11, 80 (nom. and dat. of sing. apparently not in use).—Prov.:

    compedes, quas ipse fecit, ipsus ut gestet faber,

    Aus. Idyll. 7 fin. —
    II.
    Trop., fetlers, bonds, bands, chains:

    corporis,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

    ipsum Philippum compedes eas (urbes) Graeciae appellare,

    Liv. 32, 37, 4:

    grata (of the chains of love),

    Hor. C. 1, 33, 14:

    gratā compede vinctum aliquem puella tenet,

    id. ib. 4, 11, 24:

    nivali compede vinctus Hebrus,

    id. Ep. 1, 3, 3: aërias corpori imponere, of adverse winds, Varr. ap. Non. p. 28, 13.—And of a hinderance in gen.:

    has compedes, fasces inquam hos laureatos, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 8, 3, 5. —
    B.
    As a female ornament of silver, Plin. 33, 12, 54, § 151.
    2.
    compes, i. q. compos, acc, to Prisc. 1, p. 553.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > compes

  • 114 conpes

    1.
    com-pēs ( conp-), pĕdis, f. (m. acc. compedem meum, Vulg. Thren. 3, 7; plur. compedes parati, Lact. Mort. Persec. c. 21), a (wooden) fetter or shackle, for the feet (usu. in plur.).
    I.
    Prop., nom. and acc.:

    jubete huic crassas conpedis inpingier,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 76:

    ut istas conpedis Tibi adimam,

    id. ib. 5, 4, 30; id. Men. 1, 1, 4; id. Pers. 2, 3, 17; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 19; gen. conpedium, Plaut. Pers. 3, 3, 15, abl.:

    conpedibus levior filius,

    id. Capt. 5, 4, 28; Cato ap. Gell. 11, 18, 18; Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 77; Juv. 10, 182.—In sing. gen. compedis, Claud. in Eutr. prol. 2, 3; acc. compedem, Vulg. Thren. 3, 7; abl.:

    durā compede,

    Tib. 1, 7, 42:

    validā,

    id. 2, 6, 25; Hor. Epod. 4, 4; Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 5:

    magnā,

    Juv. 11, 80 (nom. and dat. of sing. apparently not in use).—Prov.:

    compedes, quas ipse fecit, ipsus ut gestet faber,

    Aus. Idyll. 7 fin. —
    II.
    Trop., fetlers, bonds, bands, chains:

    corporis,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

    ipsum Philippum compedes eas (urbes) Graeciae appellare,

    Liv. 32, 37, 4:

    grata (of the chains of love),

    Hor. C. 1, 33, 14:

    gratā compede vinctum aliquem puella tenet,

    id. ib. 4, 11, 24:

    nivali compede vinctus Hebrus,

    id. Ep. 1, 3, 3: aërias corpori imponere, of adverse winds, Varr. ap. Non. p. 28, 13.—And of a hinderance in gen.:

    has compedes, fasces inquam hos laureatos, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 8, 3, 5. —
    B.
    As a female ornament of silver, Plin. 33, 12, 54, § 151.
    2.
    compes, i. q. compos, acc, to Prisc. 1, p. 553.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conpes

  • 115 ibi

    ĭbĭ̄, adv. [from the pronom. root I, is, with dat. ending as in tibi, sibi, in loc. sense as in ubi; cf. Sanscr. suffix bhjam; Corss. Ausspr. 1, 169], in that place, there, = entautha (cf. istic).
    I.
    Lit., in space:

    ibi cenavi atque ibi quievi in navi noctem perpetem,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 100;

    tandem abii ad praetorem. Ibi vix requievi,

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 6: nempe in foro? De. Ibi, id. As. 1, 1, 104:

    in Asiam hinc abii, atque ibi, etc.,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 59:

    Demaratus fugit Tarquinios Corintho et ibi suas fortunas constituit,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 109; Ov. M. 1, 316:

    aedificabat in summa Velia: ibi alto atque munito loco arcem inexpugnabilem fore,

    Liv. 2, 7, 6:

    erit haec differentia inter hoc edictum et superius, quod ibi de eo damno praetor loquitur, etc.,

    Dig. 47, 8, 4, § 6:

    musca est meus pater... nec sacrum nec tam profanum quicquamst, quin ibi ilico adsit,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 27:

    ut illa, quae dicimus, non domo attulisse, sed ibi protinus sumpsisse videamur,

    there, on the spot, Quint. 11, 2, 46; 4, 1, 54; 12, 9, 19:

    in eo flumine pons erat. Ibi praesidium ponit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 47.—In common speech, sometimes pleonastic, with the name of a place:

    in medio propter canalem, ibi ostentatores meri,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 15; 19; 22; id. Cist. 1, 1, 18; cf.:

    illic ibi demum'st locus, ubi, etc.,

    id. Capt. 5, 4, 3.—With corresp. relative adverbs, ubi, unde, etc.:

    nam ubi tu profusus, ibi ego me pervelim sepultam,

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 7:

    nemo est, quin ubivis quam ibi, ubi est, esse malit,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 1, 1; cf.:

    ibi esse, ubi, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 10:

    ubi tyrannus est, ibi... dicendum est plane nullam esse rem publicam,

    id. Rep. 3, 31:

    multa intelleges meliora apud nos multo esse facta quam ibi fuissent, unde huc translata essent,

    id. ib. 2, 16.—So with quo loco, etc.:

    quo loco maxime umor intus perseverabit, ibi pus proximum erit,

    Cels. 8, 9; cf.:

    quacumque equo invectus est, ibi haud secus quam pestifero sidere icti pavebant,

    Liv. 8, 9, 12:

    quo descenderant, ibi processerunt longe,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 5.—With gen.:

    ibi loci terrarum orbe portis discluso,

    Plin. 6, 11, 12, § 30.—Post-class. of vessels, etc., therein (= in eis):

    qui sciens vasa vitiosa commodavit, si ibi infusum vinum est, etc.,

    Dig. 13, 6, 18, § 3.—Post-class. and very rarely with verbs of motion (for eo):

    et cum ibi venerimus,

    there, thither, Dig. 1, 2, 1 fin.; cf. ibidem.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Of time, then, thereupon (mostly ante - class. and poet., but freq. in Liv.):

    invocat deos inmortales: ibi continuo contonat Sonitu maxumo, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 41 sq.; cf.:

    ubi... ibi,

    ib. 11:

    postquam... ibi,

    ib. v. 39 sq.:

    ter conatus ibi collo dare bracchia circum,

    Verg. A. 2, 792:

    ibi infit, etc.,

    Liv. 3, 71, 6:

    nec moram ullam, quin ducat, dari: Ibi demum ita aegre tulit, ut, etc.,

    then for the first time, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 53: ibi postquam laborare aciem Calpurnius vidit, Liv. 39, 31, 4.—With cum:

    ibi cum alii mores et instituta eorum eluderent,

    Liv. 40, 5, 7:

    ibi cum de re publica retulisset,

    id. 22, 1, 4.—With corresp. ubi:

    ille ubi miser famelicus videt, me tam facile victum quaerere, ibi homo coepit me obsecrare, etc.,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 30:

    non voco (te patrem): Ubi voles pater esse, ibi esto,

    Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 25.—Pleonastically with tum:

    tum ibi nescio quis me arripit,

    Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 47: ibi tum derepente ex alto in altum despexit mare, Enn. ap. Non. 518, 6 (Trag. Rel. v. 352 Vahl.):

    cum Aebutius Caecinae malum minaretur, ibi tum Caecinam postulasse, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 10, 27; cf.:

    ibi nunc (colloq.),

    Plaut. Am. prol. 135; id. Curc. 3, 68.—
    B.
    Of other relations, there, in that matter, on that occasion, in that condition (class.): nolite ibi nimiam spem habere, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 17, 1:

    numquid ego ibi peccavi?

    Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 23:

    at pol ego ibi sum, esse ubi miserum hominem decet,

    id. Bacch. 5, 1, 21:

    si quid est, quod ad testes reservet, ibi nos quoque paratiores reperiet,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 82:

    ibi fortunae veniam damus,

    in that case, Juv. 11, 176:

    huic ab adulescentia bella intestina, caedes, rapinae, discordia civilis grata fuere, ibique juventutem suam exercuit,

    in these things, Sall. C. 5, 2; Quint. 2, 2, 12:

    non poterat ibi esse quaestio,

    id. 7, 1, 5:

    subsensi illos ibi esse et id agere inter se clanculum,

    to be at it, busy about it, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 63:

    ibi esse,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 30; cf.:

    cecinere vates, cujus civitatis eam civis Dianae immolasset, ibi fore imperium,

    i. e. in that state, Liv. 1, 45, 5:

    ibi imperium fore, unde victoria fuerit,

    id. 1, 24, 2:

    et interdum in sanctionibus adicitur, ut qui ibi aliquid commisit, capite puniatur, i. e. in his sanctionibus,

    Dig. 1, 8, 9, § 3.—
    2.
    Of persons, in or with him or her (very rare): duxi uxorem;

    quam ibi miseriam vidi!

    Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 13 (cf.: ibi inquit, quasi uxor locus sit, Don. ad loc.); cf.:

    nil ibi majorum respectus,

    Juv. 8, 64.—
    3.
    Esp., law t. t.: tunc ibi, then and there, in the state of affairs then existing:

    de eo, quaque ille tunc ibi habuit, tantummodo, intra annum... judicium dabo,

    Dig. 43, 16, 1 praef.; cf.: ibi autem ait praetor, ut ne quis et quae illic non habuit, complectatur, ib. § 37 sq.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ibi

  • 116 etiamsi

    ĕtĭam-si (also written separately), a concessive conditional particle, = kai ei, more emphatic than etsi, even if, although, albeit.
    (α).
    With indic.:

    etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est,

    Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81:

    etiamsi dudum fuerat ambiguum hoc mihi: Nunc non est,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 26:

    ista veritas etiamsi jucunda non est, mihi tamen grata est,

    Cic. Att. 3, 24 fin.;

    so opp. tamen,

    id. Brut. 84, 290; Quint. 5, 10, 13;

    opp. certe,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 17 fin.; id. Opt. Gen. 2, 6; Liv. 40, 15, 15:

    eundem igitur esse creditote, etiamsi nullum videbitis,

    id. de Sen. 22, 79 et saep.—
    (β).
    With subj.:

    etiamsi vetet, Edim, etc.,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 73:

    quae etiamsi essent, quae nulla sunt, pellere se ipsa fortasse possent,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 39, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18; 2, 10, 23; id. Off. 1, 43, 154:

    quod, etiamsi nobilitatum non sit, tamen honestum est, quodque vere dicimus, etiamsi a nullo laudetur, natura esse laudabile,

    id. Off. 1, 4 fin.; id. Mil. 8, 21; cf. id. Lael. 27, 100 et saep.;

    opp. certe,

    Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 1, 1; Treb. ad Cic. Fam. 12, 16, 11;

    opp. nihilominus,

    Liv. 26, 48, 11; Dig. 23, 3, 19; 47, 2, 63.—
    (γ).
    Without a verb:

    hunc librum etiamsi minus nostra commendatione, tuo tamen nomine divulgari necesse sit,

    Cic. Or. 31 fin.; cf. Quint. 5, 12, 5;

    opp. at,

    Cic. Cael. 3, 8; cf.:

    quae mihi omnia etiamsi non prius, attamen clarius fulsisse in Scipione Aemiliano videntur,

    Plin. 7, 27, 28, § 100 et saep. Vid. Hand, Turs. II. pp. 588-596.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > etiamsi

  • 117 tabella

    tăbella, ae ( nom. plur. TABELAI, S. C. de Bacch. Corp. I. R. 196). f. dim. [tabula].
    I.
    In gen., a small board, a little table or tablet (rare and mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    liminis,

    i. e. the door-sill, Cat. 32, 5:

    tabella aerea,

    a brass plate, Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 19: hos (libellos) eme, quos artat brevibus membrana tabellis, little tablets, i. e. small pages, Mart. 1, 3, 3:

    parva tabella capit ternos utrimque lapillos,

    small gamingboards, Ov. A. A. 3, 365; id. Tr. 2. 481:

    pistor multiplices struit tabellas,

    i. e. thin cakes, Mart. 11, 31, 9.—Of the basket or cradle in which Romulus and Remus were exposed:

    heu quantum fati parva tabella vehit,

    the little bark, Ov. F. 2, 408.—
    II.
    In partic. (class.).
    A.
    A writing-tablet:

    tabellis pro chartis utebantur antiqui, quibus ultro citro, sive privatim sive publice opus erat, certiores absentes faciebant, unde adhuc tabellarii dicuntur: et tabellae missae ab imperatoribus,

    Fest. p. 359 Müll.:

    tabellae Imponere manus,

    Ov. P. 4, 2, 27:

    abiegnae,

    id. A. A. 3, 469:

    litteras tabellae insculpere,

    Quint. 1, 1, 27:

    fecit et Libyn puerum tenentem tabellam,

    Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 59.—
    2.
    Hence, transf., in plur., a writing, written composition, letter, contract, will, etc.:

    tabellas proferri jussimus... Recitatae sunt tabellae in eandem fere sententiam,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 10:

    allatae sunt tabellae ad eam a Stratippocle, eum argentum sumpsisse,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 68:

    ex tabellis jam faxo scies,

    id. Ps. 1, 1, 47:

    tabellas consignare,

    id. Curc. 2, 3, 86:

    tu quidem tabellis obsignatis agis mecum,

    with sealed writings, Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 33:

    publicae Heracleensium,

    public records, id. Arch. 4, 9; cf. Liv. 43, 16, 13:

    tabellae quaestionis plures proferuntur,

    minutes of evidence, Cic. Clu. 65, 184:

    cur totiens video mitti recipique tabellas?

    Ov. Am. 3, 14, 31:

    rasae,

    id. A. A. 1, 437:

    nuptiis tabellas dotis ipse consignavit,

    the marriage contract, Suet. Claud. 29:

    falsas signare tabellas,

    forged wills, Juv. 8, 142:

    laureatae,

    a letter announcing a victory, Liv. 45, 1, 8.— Sing. (rare):

    testimonium per tabellam dare,

    in writing, Tac. Or. 36: ex tabellā pronuntiare sententiam, Suet. Claud. 15.—
    B. 1.
    In the comitia, used in electing a magistrate or deciding upon the acceptance of a proposed law: in the former case the elector wrote down the name of a candidate; in the latter, each voter received two tablets, on one of which were the letters U. R., i. e. uti rogas, denoting approval;

    on the other, A., i. e. antiquo (for the old law), denoting rejection: me universa civitas non prius tabellā quam voce priorem consulem declaravit,

    Cic. Pis. 1, 3:

    an ego exspectem, dum de te quinque et septuaginta tabellae dirimantur?

    id. ib. 40, 96:

    tabella modo detur nobis, sicut populo data est,

    id. Phil. 11, 8, 19; cf.:

    si populo grata est tabella, quae frontis aperit hominum,

    id. Planc. 6, 16. —
    2.
    In courts of justice; here each judge usually received three tablets; one of which, inscribed A., i. e. absolvo, denoted acquittal; another, with C., i. e. condemno, written on it, denoted condemnation;

    and the third, with N. L., i. e. non liquet (it is not clear), left the case undecided: cum tabella vobis dabitur, judices, non de Flacco dabitur solum: dabitur de bonis omnibus,

    Cic. Fl. 39, 99:

    huic judicialis tabella committetur?

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79:

    de quibusdam etiam imperitus judex dimittere tabellam potest,

    give his vote, Sen. Ben. 3, 7, 5:

    quamlibet austeras de me ferat urna tabellas,

    Prop. 4 (5), 11, 49; Caes. B. C. 3, 83; cf. Suet. Aug. 33. —
    C.
    A painted tablet, a small picture or painting:

    ea (exhedria) volebam tabellis ornare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 3:

    priscis sparsa tabellis Porticus,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 71:

    inveniat plures nulla tabella modos,

    id. ib. 2, 680:

    comicae tabellae,

    Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 114; cf.:

    cubicula tabellis adornavit,

    Suet. Tib. 43:

    Tyrrhena sigilla, tabellas, Sunt qui non habeant,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 180:

    Pausiaca,

    id. S. 2, 7, 95.—
    D.
    A votive tablet, hung up in a temple, and on which one acknowledged by writing or painting the favor or aid he had received from a deity:

    nunc, dea, nunc succurre mihi, nam posse mederi, Picta docet templis multa tabella tuis,

    Tib. 1, 3, 28:

    et posita est meritae multa tabella deae,

    Ov. F. 3, 268:

    votiva,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 33; so Juv. 12, 27:

    memores,

    Ov. M. 8, 744. —
    E.
    A fan:

    quos (ventos) faciet nostrā mota tabella manu,

    Ov. Am. 3, 2, 38.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tabella

  • 118 māximē (or māxumē）

       māximē (or māxumē） adv.    [maximus], in the highest degree, most particularly, especially, exceedingly, altogether, very: florere: quid laudem maxume? T.: egredi non possim, si maxime velim: huic legioni Caesar confidebat maxime, Cs.: naturalis amicitia: plebi acceptus, Cs.: quae maxime liberalissima: ut dicatis quam maxime ad veritatem accommodate.—In phrases with unus, omnium, multo, vel, quam: qui proelium unus maxime accenderat, in the very highest degree, Cu.: unus omnium maxime, most of all, N.: maxime omnium belli avida, above all others, L.: multo maxime, by far most effectually, T.: ut quam maxime permaneant diuturna corpora.—With qui in the phrases, quam qui maxime, and ut qui maxime, as any one whatever: tam enim sum amicus rei p., quam qui maxime: grata ea res, ut quae maxime senatui umquam fuit, L.—With ut quisque... ita: ut quisque animi magnitudine maxume excellit, ita maxume, etc., the more... so much the more: ut quisque maxume ad suum commodum refert... ita minime est vir bonus, the more... the less.— In gradations, first of all, in the first place: maxime quidem... secundo autem loco: maxime... proxime.—With non: quibus si ingenium non maxime defuit, not utterly.—Especially, particularly, principally: quae ratio poëtas maxumeque Homerum inpulit, ut, etc.: cognoscat etiam rerum gestarum ordinem, maxume scilicet nostrae civitatis.—In the phrases, cum... tum maxime; tum... tum maxime; ut... tum maxime, but more especially: plena exemplorum est nostra res p., cum saepe, tum maxime bello Punico secundo: longius autem procedens, ut in ceteris eloquentiae partibus, tum maxime, etc.—With tum or cum, just, precisely, exactly: consulem tum maxime res agentem avocare, L.: tum cum maxime, at that precise moment, L.: nunc cum maxime.—With modus, just about, very much: hoc maxime modo in Italiam perventum est, L.: ruinae maxime modo, L.: in hunc maxime modum locutus est, much to this effect, L.—To emphasize assent or dissent, certainly, by all means, very well, yes: Cr. duc me ad eam. My. maxume, T.—With immo, certainly not, by no means: Immo maxume, T.: immo vero maxume, S.

    Latin-English dictionary > māximē (or māxumē）

  • 119 nisi

        nisi conj.    [1 ne+si], if not, unless: nomen iudicum amittemus, nisi hic ex ipsis causis iudicabimus: nisi ego insanio, stulte omnia.—After an interrogative or negative clause, except, save only, unless, but: ne quis enuntiaret, nisi quibus mandatum esset, Cs.: nisi in bonis, amicitiam esse non posse: quid est pietas, nisi voluntas grata in parentes: nihil est quod festines, nisi ut valeas, no reason but, etc.: non aliter reducturus, nisi, etc., on no other condition, L.—Followed by si, quod, or quia, except, unless, save only: nisi vero si quis est qui, etc.: nisi si id ipsum exigis, O.: cum Patrone mihi omnia sunt communia, nisi quod dissentio, etc., save that: at nesciebam id dicere illam, nisi quia Correxit miles, T.—Ironically, with vero or forte, unless perhaps: nisi forte vos consulem iudicatis Antonium: vero existimatis dementem Africanum fuisse, qui, etc.— But, only: Ch. unde haec hic rescivit? De. nescio, Nisi me dixisse nemini certo scio, T.: quid erat quod scire voluerit? nescio, nisi hoc video, etc.: non id modestiā ducis, nisi ad conciliandos animos Tarentinorum fieri, L.: volo, T.: valde me delectant, nisi quod me obruerunt, etc.
    * * *
    if not; except, unless

    Latin-English dictionary > nisi

  • 120 cano

    căno, cĕcĭni, cantum (ancient imp. cante = canite, Carm. Sal. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 37 Müll.; fut. perf. canerit = cecinerit, Lib. Augur. ap. Fest. s. v. rumentum, p. 270 ib.; perf. canui = cecini, acc. to Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 384, predominant in concino, occino, etc.—Examples of sup. cantum and part. cantus, canturus, a, um, appear not to be in use; the trace of an earlier use is found in Paul. ex Fest. p. 46 Müll.: canta pro cantata ponebant;

    once canituri,

    Vulg. Apoc. 8, 13), 3, v. n. and a. [cf. kanassô, kanachê, konabos; Germ. Hahn; Engl. chanticleer; kuknos, ciconice; Sanscr. kōkas = duck; Engl. cock], orig. v. n., to produce melodious sounds, whether of men or animals; later, with a designation of the subject-matter of the melody, as v. a., to make something the subject of one ' s singing or playing, to sing of, to celebrate, or make known in song, etc.
    I. A.
    Of men:

    si absurde canat,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12; Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 9:

    celebrare dapes canendo,

    Ov. M. 5, 113:

    si velim canere vel voce vel fidibus,

    Cic. Div. 2, 59, 122; Quint. 5, 11, 124; 1, 8, 2; Gell. 19, 9, 3:

    quemadmodum tibicen sine tibiis canere non possit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 83, 338; cf.:

    tibia canentum,

    Lucr. 4, 587; 5, 1384; Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; Quint. 1, 10, 14:

    curvo calamo,

    Cat. 63, 22:

    harundine,

    Ov. M. 1, 683; Suet. Caes. 32:

    cithara,

    Tac. A. 14, 14:

    lituus quo canitur,

    Cic. Div. 1, 17, 30; Verg. E. 2, 31:

    movit Amphion lapides canendo,

    Hor. C. 3, 11, 2; Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 417 al.; Cic. Brut. 50, 187.—
    2.
    Of the faulty delivery of an orator, to speak in a sing-song tone:

    inclinată ululantique voce more Asiatico canere,

    Cic. Or. 8, 27; cf. canto and canticum.—
    B.
    Of animals (usu. of birds, but also of frogs), Varr. L. L. 5, § 76 Müll.:

    volucres nullă dulcius arte canant,

    Prop. 1, 2, 14; Cic. Div. 1, 7, 12:

    merula canit aestate, hieme balbutit,

    Plin. 10, 29, 42, § 80; 10, 32, 47, § 89:

    ranae alio translatae canunt,

    id. 8, 58, 83, § 227.—Of the raven, Cic. Div. 1, 7, 12.—Esp., of the crowing of a cock:

    galli victi silere solent, canere victores,

    to crow, Cic. Div. 2, 26, 56; v. the whole section; id. ib. 2, 26, 56, § 57; Col. 8, 2, 11; Plin. 10, 21, 24, § 49 (cf. also cantus):

    gallina cecinit, interdixit hariolus (the crowing of a hen being considered as an auspicium malum),

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 27.—

    In the lang. of the Pythagoreans, of the heavenly bodies (considered as living beings),

    the music of the spheres, Cic. N. D. 3, 11, 27.—
    C.
    Transf., of the instruments by which, or ( poet.) of the places in which, the sounds are produced, to sound, resound:

    canentes tibiae,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 8, 22:

    maestae cecinere tubae,

    Prop. 4 (5), 11, 9:

    frondiferasque novis avibus canere undique silvas,

    and the leafy forest everywhere resounds with young birds, Lucr. 1, 256; Auct. Aetn. 295.
    II. A.
    With carmen, cantilenam, versus, verba, etc., to sing, play, rehearse, recite:

    cum Simonides cecinisset, id carmen, quod in Scopam scripsisset,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 352:

    carmina quae in epulis canuntur,

    id. Brut. 18, 71:

    in eum (Cossum) milites carmina incondita aequantes eum Romulo canere,

    Liv. 4, 20, 2:

    Ascraeum cano carmen,

    Verg. G. 2, 176; Suet. Caes. 49; Curt. 5, 1, 22: canere versus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 36 Müll. (Ann. v. 222 Vahl.); Cic. Or. 51, 171; id. Brut. 18, 71:

    neniam,

    Suet. Aug. 100: idyllia erôtika, Gell. 19, 9, 4, § 10:

    verba ad certos modos,

    Ov. F. 3, 388:

    Phrygium,

    Quint. 1, 10, 33 Spald.—The homog. noun is rarely made the subject of the act. voice:

    cum in ejus conviviis symphonia caneret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 105.—
    2.
    Prov.
    a.
    Carmen intus canere, to sing for one ' s self, i. e. to consult only one ' s own advantage, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 20, § 53; id. Agr. 2, 26, 68; v. Aspendius.—
    b.
    Cantilenam eandem canis, like the Gr. to auto adeis asma, ever the old tune, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 10; v. cantilena.—
    B.
    With definite objects.
    a.
    In gen., to sing, to cause to resound, to celebrate in song, to sing of, Lucr. 5, 328:

    laudes mortui,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 70 Müll.:

    canere ad tibiam clarorum virorum laudes atque virtutes,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 2, 3; Quint. 1, 10, 10; 1, 10, 31; Liv. 45, 38, 12:

    puellis carmine modulato laudes virtutum ejus canentibus,

    Suet. Calig. 16 fin.:

    dei laudes,

    Lact. 6, 21, 9:

    deorum laudes,

    Val. Max. 1, 8, ext. 8.—So with de:

    canere ad tibicinem de clarorum hominum virtutibus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 3 (cf. cantito):

    praecepta,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 11:

    jam canit effectos extremus vinitor antes,

    Verg. G. 2, 417 Wagn. N. cr.:

    nil dignum sermone,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 4:

    quin etiam canet indoctum,

    id. Ep. 2, 2, 9:

    grandia elate, jucunda dulciter, moderata leniter canit,

    Quint. 1, 10, 24; Cat. 63, 11:

    Io! magna voce, Triumphe, canet,

    Tib. 2, 5, 118; Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 52; cf. Hor. C. 4, 2, 47:

    haec super arvorum cultu pecorumque canebam,

    Verg. G. 4, 559 Wagn.: et veterem in limo ranae cecinere querelam, croaked (according to the ancient pronunciation, kekinere kuerelam, an imitation of the Aristophanic Brekekekex; v. the letter C), id. ib. 1, 378; Lucr. 2, 601:

    anser Gallos adesse canebat,

    Verg. A. 8, 656:

    motibus astrorum nunc quae sit causa, canamus,

    Lucr. 5, 510:

    sunt tempestates et fulmina clara canenda,

    id. 6, 84.—
    b.
    With pers. objects ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    canitur adhuc barbaras apud gentes (Arminius),

    Tac. A. 2, 88:

    Herculem... ituri in proelia canunt,

    id. G. 2:

    Dianam,

    Cat. 34, 3:

    deos regesve,

    Hor. C. 4, 2, 13:

    Liberum et Musas Veneremque,

    id. ib. 1, 32, 10:

    rite Latonae puerum,

    id. ib. 4, 6, 37;

    1, 10, 5: plectro graviore Gigantas, Ov M. 10, 150: reges et proelia,

    Verg. E. 6, 3; Hor. C. 4, 15, 32:

    arma virumque,

    Verg. A. 1, 1:

    pugnasque virosque,

    Stat. Th. 8, 553:

    maxima bella et clarissimos duces,

    Quint. 10, 1, 62.—Very rarely, to celebrate, without reference to song or poetry:

    Epicurus in quădam epistulă amicitiam tuam et Metrodori grata commemoratione cecinerat,

    Sen. Ep. 79, 13.—Esp. of fame, to trumpet abroad:

    fama facta atque infecta canit,

    Verg. A. 4, 190:

    fama digna atque indigna canit,

    Val. Fl. 217 al. —And prov., to sing or preach to the deaf:

    non canimus surdis,

    Verg. E. 10, 8: praeceptorum, quae vereor ne vana surdis auribus cecinerim. Liv. 40, 8, 10.—
    C.
    Since the responses of oracles were given in verse, to prophesy, foretell, predict.
    a.
    In poetry:

    Sibylla, Abdita quae senis fata canit pedibus,

    Tib. 2, 5, 16; cf.:

    horrendas ambages,

    Verg. A. 6. 99; 3, [p. 280] 444:

    fera fata,

    Hor. C. 1, 15, 4; cf. id. Epod. 13, 11; id. S. 2, 5, 58; Tib. 1, 7, 1; cf. id. 3, 3, 36; 1, 6, 50; Hor. C. S. 25:

    et mihi jam multi crudele canebant Artificis scelus,

    Verg. A. 2, 124; Hor. S. 1, 9, 30.—
    b.
    In prose:

    ut haec quae nunc fiunt, canere di inmortales viderentur,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 18:

    non haec a me tum tamquam fata... canebantur?

    id. Sest. 21, 47:

    eum, qui ex Thetide natus esset, majorem patre suo futurum cecinisse dicuntur oracula,

    Quint. 3, 7, 11; Just. 11, 7, 4; 7, 6, 1; Tac. A. 2, 54; id. H. 4, 54:

    cecinere vates, idque carmen pervenerat ad antistitem fani Dianae,

    Liv. 1, 45, 5; 5, 15, 4 sq.; 1, 7, 10; Tac. A. 14, 32; Liv. 30, 28, 2; cf. Nep. Att. 16, 4; cf.

    of philosophers, etc.: ipsa memor praecepta Canam,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 11 Orell. ad loc.; cf.:

    quaeque diu latuere, canam,

    Ov. M. 15, 147.
    III.
    In milit. lang., t. t., both act. and neutr., of signals, to blow, to sound, to give; or to be sounded, resound.
    A.
    Act.:

    bellicum (lit. and trop.) canere, v. bellicus: classicum, v. classicus: signa canere jubet,

    to give the signal for battle, Sall. C. 59, 1; id. J. 99, 1:

    Pompeius classicum apud eum (sc. Scipionem) cani jubet,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 82.— Absol. without signum, etc.: tubicen canere coepit, Auct. B. Afr. 82; cf. Flor. 4, 2, 66.—
    B.
    Neutr.:

    priusquam signa canerent,

    Liv. 1, 1, 7:

    ut attendant, semel bisne signum canat in castris,

    id. 27, 47, 3 and 5; 23, 16, 12;

    24, 46 (twice): repente a tergo signa canere,

    Sall. J. 94, 5; Liv. 7, 40, 10; Verg. A. 10, 310; Flor. 3, 18, 10:

    classicum apud eos cecinit,

    Liv. 28, 27, 15.—
    2.
    Receptui canere, to sound a retreat:

    Hasdrubal receptui propere cecinit (i. e. cani jussit),

    Liv. 27, 47, 2; Tac. H. 2, 26.— Poet.:

    cecinit jussos receptus,

    Ov. M. 1, 340.—And in Livy impers.:

    nisi receptui cecinisset,

    if it had not sounded a counter-march, Liv. 26, 44, 4:

    ut referrent pedem, si receptui cecinisset,

    id. 3, 22, 6.—
    b.
    Trop.:

    revocante et receptui canente senatu,

    Cic. Phil. 12, 3, 8:

    ratio abstrahit ab acerbis cogitationibus a quibus cum cecinit receptui,

    id. Tusc. 3, 15, 33:

    antequam (orator) in has aetatis (sc. senectutis) veniat insidias, receptui canet,

    Quint. 12, 11, 4.
    ► Examples for the signif.
    to practice magic, to charm, etc., found in the derivv. cantus, canto, etc., are entirely wanting in this verb.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cano

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