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21 European Union

(EU)

In 1978, Portugal began accession negotiations with the EU. In January 1986, along with Spain, Portugal joined that organization. Since joining the EU, Portugal's economy has received many benefits: loans, grants, technical assistance, and other economic, social, and educational advantages that are worth billions of dollars. Most of Portugal's trade is with EU members, and Portugal's economy is tied now to EU plans and planning, standards and rules, and philosophy. Starting in January 1993, by previous agreement, all EU tariff barriers for many goods (excluding agricultural goods until 1995-96, in Portugal's case) were removed, and there is concern in Portugal that many small and medium-sized businesses (which are the norm) will not survive the new competition from richer member state. Next to Greece, Portugal remains the poorest, least-developed EU member state, and there is anxiety in Lisbon that, following new pressures for the EU to give massive assistance to former Soviet bloc countries in Eastern Europe and to allow them in time to join the EU, Portugal will be at a disadvantage. Despite complaints about the bureaucracy inherent in the EU, many Portuguese value the connection and acknowledge that Portugal has benefited from EU technical assistance, networking, loans, and grants. In 1999, Portugal joined the European Monetary Union (EMU) and, in January 2000, adopted the euro. This has helped Portugal stabilize its currency and financial connections. In 2004, José Durão Barroso, a Portuguese politician, was elected President of the Commission of the European Union.

See Economy; Currency.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > European Union
22 suspend

suspend [sə'spend]

transitive verb

(a) (hang) suspendre;

∎ suspended from the ceiling/in the air suspendu au plafond/en l'air;

∎ particles of radioactive dust were suspended in the atmosphere des particules radioactives étaient en suspension dans l'atmosphère

(b) (discontinue) suspendre; (withdraw → permit, licence) retirer (provisoirement), suspendre;

∎ bus services have been suspended le service des autobus a été suspendu ou interrompu;

∎ the government has suspended the repayment of foreign debts le gouvernement a suspendu le remboursement de sa dette extérieure

(c) (defer) suspendre, reporter;

∎ to suspend judgment suspendre son jugement;

∎ the commission decided to suspend its decision la commission décida de surseoir à sa décision;

∎ to suspend one's disbelief faire taire son incrédulité

(d) (exclude temporarily → official, member, sportsman) suspendre; (→ worker) suspendre, mettre à pied; (→ pupil, student) exclure provisoirement;

∎ suspended for six months suspendu pendant six mois;

∎ two pupils have been suspended from school for smoking deux élèves surpris à fumer font l'objet d'un renvoi provisoire;

∎ Administration suspended on full pay suspendu sans suppression de traitement; Military suspendu sans suppression de solde

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > suspend
23 distortion of competition
1. нарушение условий конкуренции
нарушение условий конкуренции
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

distortion of competition
Article 85(1) of the EEC Treaty prohibits all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market. All such arrangements are automatically null and void under Article 85(2), unless exempted by the Commission pursuant to Article 85(3). The text of Article 85 is as follows: "1. The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market, and in particular those which: (a) directly or indirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any other trading conditions; (b) limit or control production, markets, technical development, or investment; (c) share markets or sources of supply; (d) apply dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; (e) make the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts. (Source: CLAORG)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- distortion of competition
DE
- Wettbewerbsverzerrung
FR
- distorsion de concurrence
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > distortion of competition
24 restriction on competition
1. ограничение конкуренции
ограничение конкуренции
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

restriction on competition
Article 85(1) of the EEC Treaty prohibits all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market. All such arrangements are automatically null and void under Article 85(2), unless exempted by the Commission pursuant to Article 85(3). The text of Article 85 is as follows: "1. The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market, and in particular those which: (a) directly or indirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any other trading conditions; (b) limit or control production, markets, technical development, or investment; (c) share markets or sources of supply; (d) apply dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; (e) make the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts. (Source: CLAORG)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- restriction on competition
DE
- Wettbewerbsbeschänkung
FR
- restriction ŕ la concurrence
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > restriction on competition
25 fuera

Del verbo ir: ( conjugate ir) \ \
fuera es: \ \
1ª persona singular (yo) imperfecto(1) subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperfecto(1) subjuntivo
Del verbo ser: ( conjugate ser) \ \
fuera es: \ \
1ª persona singular (yo) imperfecto(1) subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperfecto(1) subjuntivo
Multiple Entries: fuera ir ser
fuera adverbio 1
a) (lugar, parte) Latin American Spanish also uses

◊ afuera in this sense outside;
comeremos fuera ( en el jardín) we'll eat outside; ( en un restaurante) we'll eat out;
◊ por fuera es rojo it's red on the outside;
aquí fuera se está muy bien it's very nice out here; se pasa el día fuera she's out all day
b) ( en el extranjero) abroad, out of the country;
(del lugar de trabajo, de la ciudad, etc) away 2
◊ fuera de ( loc prep)

a) (en el exterior de, más allá de) out of;

◊ está fuera del país he's out of the country;
ocurrió fuera del edificio it happened outside the building; fuera de peligro/lugar out of danger/place; ¡fuera (de aquí)! get out (of here)!
b) ( excepto) apart from;

◊ fuera de eso, me encuentro bien apart o (AmE) aside from that, I feel fine
3 ( en otras locs):
◊ fuera de combate: lo dejó fuera de combate (Dep) he knocked him out;
fuera de serie ‹jugador/cantante› exceptional, outstanding; fuera de sí: estaba fuera de sí he was beside himself; fuera de temporada out of season
ir ( conjugate ir) verbo intransitivo 1
a) (trasladarse, desplazarse) to go;

◊ fuera en taxi to go by taxi;
iban a caballo/a pie they were on horseback/on foot; fuera por mar to go by sea; ¡Fernando! — ¡voy! Fernando! — (just) coming! o I'll be right there!; el fuera y venir de los invitados the coming and going of the guests; vamos a casa let's go home; ¿adónde va este tren? where's this train going (to)?; fuera de compras/de caza to go shopping/hunting; ya vamos para allá we're on our way; ¿por dónde se va a …? how do you get to …?; fuera por or (Esp) a por algo/algn to go to get sth/sb; voy (a) por pan I'm going to get some bread
b) ( asistir) to go to;

◊ voy a clases nocturnas I go to evening classes;
ya va al colegio she's already at school 2 ( expresando propósito) fuera a + inf:
◊ ¿has ido a verla? have you been to see her?;
ve a ayudarla go and help her; ver tb fuera v aux 1 3 (al arrojar algo, arrojarse):
◊ tírame la llave — ¡allá va! throw me the key — here you are o there you go!;
tírate del trampolín — ¡allá voy! jump off the board! — here I go/come! 4 [ comentario]:
◊ no iba con mala intención it wasn't meant unkindly;
eso va por ti también that goes for you too, and the same goes for you 1 (+ compl) ( sin énfasis en el movimiento):
◊ iban cantando por el camino they sang as they went along;
¿van cómodos? are you comfortable?; íbamos sentados we were sitting down; vas muy cargada you have a lot to carry; yo iba a la cabeza I was in the lead 2 ( refiriéndose al atuendo):
◊ iban de largo they wore long dresses;
voy a fuera de Drácula I'm going to go as Dracula; iba de verde she was dressed in green 3 ( en calidad de) fuera de algo to go (along) as sth;
◊ yo fui de intérprete I went along as interpreter
1 [camino/sendero] ( llevar) fuera a algo to lead to sth, to go to sth 2 (extenderse, abarcar):
◊ la autopista va desde Madrid hasta Valencia the highway goes from Madrid to Valencia;
el período que va desde … hasta … the period from … to … 1 (marchar, desarrollarse):
◊ ¿cómo va el nuevo trabajo? how's the new job going?;
va de mal en peor it's going from bad to worse; ¿cómo te va? how's it going?, how are things? (colloq), what's up? (AmE colloq); ¿cómo les fue en Italia? how was Italy?, how did you get on in Italy?; me fue mal/bien en el examen I did badly/well in the exam; ¡que te vaya bien! all the best!, take care!; ¡que te vaya bien (en) el examen! good luck in the exam 2 ( en competiciones):
◊ ¿cómo van? — 3-1 what's the score? — 3-1;
voy ganando yo I'm ahead, I'm winning 3 ( en el desarrollo de algo):
◊ ¿por dónde van en historia? where have you got (up) to in history?;
¿todavía vas por la página 20? are you still on page 20? 4 ( estar en camino):
◊ ¡vamos para viejos! we're getting on o old!;
va para los cincuenta she's going on fifty; ya va para dos años que … it's getting on for two years since … 5 (sumar, hacer):
◊ ya van tres veces que te lo digo this is the third time I've told you;
con este van seis six, counting this one 6 ( haber transcurrido): en lo que va del or (Esp) de año/mes so far this year/month 1 ( deber colocarse) to go;
◊ ¿dónde van las toallas? where do the towels go?;
¡qué va! (fam): ¿has terminado? — ¡qué va! have you finished? — you must be joking!; ¿se disgustó? — ¡qué va! did she get upset? — not at all!; vamos a perder el avión — ¡qué va! we're going to miss the plane — no way! 2
a) ( combinar) fuera con algo to go with sth

b) (sentar bien, convenir) (+ me/te/le etc):

◊ el negro no te va bien black doesn't suit you;
te fueraá bien un descanso a rest will do you good 3 (Méx) (tomar partido por, apoyar) fuerale a algo/algn to support sth/sb;
◊ le va al equipo peruano he supports the Peruvian team
1
◊ vamos

a) (expresando incredulidad, fastidio):

◊ ¡vamos! ¿eso quién se lo va a creer? come off it o come on! who do you think's going to believe that?

b) (intentando tranquilizar, animar, dar prisa):

◊ vamos, mujer, dile algo go on, say something to him;
¡vamos, date prisa! come on, hurry up!
c) (al aclarar, resumir):

◊ eso sería un disparate, vamos, digo yo that would be a stupid thing to do, well, that's what I think anyway;
vamos, que no es una persona de fiar basically, he's not very trustworthy; es mejor que el otro, vamos it's better than the other one, anyway 2
◊ vaya

a) (expresando sorpresa, contrariedad):

◊ ¡vaya! ¡tú por aquí! what a surprise! what are you doing here?;
¡vaya! ¡se ha vuelto a caer! oh no o (colloq) damn! it's fallen over again!
b) (Esp) ( para enfatizar):

◊ ¡vaya cochazo! what a car!
fuera v aux fuera a + inf: 1
a) (para expresar tiempo futuro, propósito) to be going to + inf;

◊ voy a estudiar medicina I'm going to study medicine;
va a hacer dos años que … it's getting on for two years since …
b) (en propuestas, sugerencias):

◊ vamos a ver ¿cómo dices que te llamas? now then, what did you say your name was?;
bueno, vamos a trabajar all right, let's get to work 2 (al prevenir, hacer recomendaciones):
◊ que no se te vaya a caer make sure you don't drop it;
cuidado, no te vayas a caer mind you don't fall (colloq); lleva el paraguas, no vaya a ser que llueva take the umbrella, in case it rains 3 ( expresando un proceso paulatino):
◊ poco a poco irá aprendiendo she'll learn little by little;
ya puedes fuera haciéndote a la idea you'd better get used to the idea; la situación ha ido empeorando the situation has been getting worse and worse irse verbo pronominal 1 ( marcharse) to leave;
◊ ¿por qué te vas tan temprano? why are you leaving o going so soon?;
vámonos let's go; bueno, me voy right then, I'm taking off (AmE) o (BrE) I'm off; no te vayas don't go; vete a la cama go to bed; se fue de casa/de la empresa she left home/the company; vete de aquí get out of here; se han ido de viaje they're away, they've gone away 2 (consumirse, gastarse):
◊ ¡cómo se va el dinero! I don't know where the money goes!;
se me va medio sueldo en el alquiler half my salary goes on the rent 3 ( desaparecer) [mancha/dolor] to go;
◊ se ha ido la luz the electricity's gone off;
(+ me/te/le etc)
◊ ¿se te ha ido el dolor de cabeza? has your headache gone?
4 (salirse, escaparse) [líquido/gas] to escape;
◊ se le está yendo el aire al globo the balloon's losing air o going down
5 (caerse, perder el equilibrio) (+ compl):
◊ fuerase de boca/espaldas to fall flat on one's face/back;
me iba para atrás I was falling backwards; frenó y nos fuimos todos para adelante he braked and we all went flying forwards
ser ( conjugate ser) cópula 1 ( seguido de adjetivos) to be
◊ ser expresses identity or nature as opposed to condition or state, which is normally conveyed by estar. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in estar 1 cópula 1 es bajo/muy callado he's short/very quiet;
es sorda de nacimiento she was born deaf; es inglés/católico he's English/(a) Catholic; era cierto it was true; sé bueno, estate quieto be a good boy and keep still; que seas muy feliz I hope you'll be very happy; (+ me/te/le etc)
◊ siempre le he sido fiel I've always been faithful to her;
ver tb imposible, difícil etc 2 ( hablando de estado civil) to be;
◊ el mayor es casado the oldest is married;
es viuda she's a widow; ver tb estar 1 cópula 2 3 (seguido de nombre, pronombre) to be;
◊ soy abogada I'm a lawyer;
ábreme, soy yo open the door, it's me 4 (con predicado introducido por `de'):
◊ esos zapatos son de plástico those shoes are (made of) plastic;
soy de Córdoba I'm from Cordoba; es de los vecinos it belongs to the neighbors, it's the neighbors'; no soy de aquí I'm not from around here 5 (hipótesis, futuro):
◊ será un error it must be a mistake;
¿será cierto? can it be true? verbo intransitivo 1
a) ( existir) to be

b) (liter) ( en cuentos):

◊ érase una vez … once upon a time there was …
2
a) (tener lugar, ocurrir):

◊ la fiesta va a fuera en su casa the party is going to be (held) at her house;
¿dónde fue el accidente? where did the accident happen?
b) ( en preguntas):

◊ ¿qué habrá sido de él? I wonder what happened to o what became of him;
¿qué es de Marisa? (fam) what's Marisa up to (these days)? (colloq); ¿qué va a ser de nosotros? what will become of us? 3 ( sumar):
◊ ¿cuánto es (todo)? how much is that (altogether)?;
son 3.000 pesos that'll be o that's 3,000 pesos; somos diez en total there are ten of us altogether 4 (indicando finalidad, adecuación) fuera para algo to be for sth;
◊ este agua es para beber this water is for drinking
( en locs)
◊ a no ser que (+ subj) unless;
¿cómo es eso? why is that?, how come? (colloq); como/cuando/donde sea: tengo que conseguir ese trabajo como sea I have to get that job no matter what; hazlo como sea, pero hazlo do it any way o however you want but get it done; el lunes o cuando sea next Monday or whenever; puedo dormir en el sillón o donde sea I can sleep in the armchair or wherever you like o anywhere you like; de ser así (frml) should this be so o the case (frml); ¡eso es! that's it!, that's right!; es que …: ¿es que no lo saben? do you mean to say they don't know?; es que no sé nadar the thing is I can't swim; lo que sea: cómete una manzana, o lo que sea have an apple or something; estoy dispuesta a hacer lo que sea I'm prepared to do whatever it takes; o sea: en febrero, o sea hace un mes in February, that is to say a month ago; o sea que no te interesa in other words, you're not interested; o sea que nunca lo descubriste so you never found out; (ya) sea …, (ya) sea … either …, or …; sea como sea at all costs; sea cuando sea whenever it is; sea donde sea no matter where; sea quien sea whoever it is; si no fuera/hubiera sido por … if it wasn't o weren't/hadn't been for … ( en el tiempo) to be;
◊ ¿qué fecha es hoy? what's the date today?, what's today's date;
serían las cuatro cuando llegó it must have been (about) four (o'clock) when she arrived; ver tb v impers fuera v impers to be;
◊ era primavera it was spring(time)
fuera v aux ( en la voz pasiva) to be; fue construido en 1900 it was built in 1900 ■ sustantivo masculino 1
a) ( ente) being;

◊ fuera humano/vivo human/living being

b) (individuo, persona):

◊ un fuera querido a loved one
2 ( naturaleza):
◊ desde lo más profundo de mi fuera from the bottom of my heart

fuera adverbio
1 (en/hacia la parte exterior) outside, out: fuera hacía mucho calor, it was hot outside
salgamos fuera, let's go out
2 (no en el lugar habitual) out, away: comeremos fuera, we'll go out for lunch
está fuera, she's away
3 Dep fuera de juego, offside
nuestro equipo juega fuera, our team is playing away
ganaron los de fuera, the away team won
4 (sobrepasando límites prescritos) after
fuera de alcance, out of reach
fuera de horario, after hours
fuera de plazo, after the deadline (más allá) beyond, out of
fuera de mis posiblidades, beyond my means
fuera de peligro, out of danger Locuciones: estar fuera de sí, to be beside oneself
fuera de serie, extraordinary
ir
I verbo intransitivo
1 (dirigirse a un lugar) to go: ¡vamos!, let's go!
voy a París, I'm going to Paris ➣ Ver nota en go
2 (acudir regularmente) to go: va al colegio, he goes to school
van a misa, they go to church
3 (conducir a) to lead, go to: el sendero va a la mina, the path goes to the mine
esta carretera va a Londres, this road leads to London
4 (abarcar) to cover: la finca va desde la alambrada al camino, the estate extends from the wire fence to the path
las lecciones que van desde la página 1 a la 53, the lessons on pages 1 to 53
5 (guardarse habitualmente) va al lado de éste, it goes beside this one
6 (mantener una posición) to be: va el primero, he's in first place
7 (tener un estado de ánimo, una apariencia) to be: iba furioso/radiante, he was furious/radiant
vas muy guapa, you look very smart o pretty
8 (desenvolverse) ¿cómo te va?, how are things? o how are you doing?
¿cómo te va en el nuevo trabajo?, how are you getting on in your new job?
9 (funcionar) to work (properly): el reloj no va, the clock doesn't go o work
10 (sentar bien) to suit: ese corte de pelo no te va nada, that haircut doesn't suit you at all
11 (combinar) to match, go: el rojo no va con el celeste, red doesn't go with pale blue
12 (vestir) to wear
ir con abrigo, to wear a coat
ir de negro/de uniforme, to be dressed in black/in uniform
la niña irá de enfermera, the little girl will dress up as a nurse
13 fam (importar, concernir) to concern: eso va por ti también, and the same goes for you
ni me va ni me viene, I don't care one way or the other
14 (apostar) to bet: va un café a que no viene, I bet a coffee that he won't come
15 (ir + de) fam (comportarse de cierto modo) to act
ir de listo por la vida, to be a smart ass (tratar) to be about: ¿de qué va la película?, what's the film about?
16 (ir + detrás de) to be looking for: hace tiempo que voy detrás de un facsímil de esa edición, I've been after a facsimile of that edition for a long time
17 (ir + por) ir por la derecha, to keep (to the) right (ir a buscar) ve por agua, go and fetch some water (haber llegado) voy por la página noventa, I've got as far as page ninety
18 (ir + para) (tener casi, estar cercano a) va para los cuarenta, she's getting on for forty
ya voy para viejo, I'm getting old (encaminarse a) iba para ingeniero, she was studying to be an engineer
este niño va para médico, this boy's going to become a doctor
II verbo auxiliar
1 (ir + gerundio) va mejorando, he's improving
ir caminando, to go on foot
2 (ir + pp) ya van estrenadas tres películas de Almodóvar, three films by Almodovar have already been released
3 ( ir a + infinitivo) iba a decir que, I was going to say that
va a esquiar, she goes skiing
va a nevar, it's going to snow
vas a caerte, you'll fall Locuciones: a eso iba, I was coming to that
¡ahí va!, catch!
en lo que va de año, so far this year
¡qué va!, of course not! o nothing of the sort!
¡vamos a ver!, let's see!
van a lo suyo, they look after their own interests
¡vaya!, fancy that
¡vaya cochazo!, what a car!
ir a parar, to end up
ser
I sustantivo masculino
1 being: es un ser despreciable, he's despicable
ser humano, human being
ser vivo, living being
2 (esencia) essence: eso forma parte de su ser, that is part of him
II verbo intransitivo
1 (cualidad) to be: eres muy modesto, you are very modest
2 (fecha) to be: hoy es lunes, today is Monday
ya es la una, it's one o'clock
3 (cantidad) eran unos cincuenta, there were about fifty people (al pagar) ¿cuánto es?, how much is it?
son doscientas, it is two hundred pesetas Mat dos y tres son cinco, two and three make five
4 (causa) aquella mujer fue su ruina, that woman was his ruin
5 (oficio) to be a(n): Elvira es enfermera, Elvira is a nurse
6 (pertenencia) esto es mío, that's mine
es de Pedro, it is Pedro's
7 (afiliación) to belong: es del partido, he's a member of the party
es un chico del curso superior, he is a boy from the higher year
8 (origen) es de Málaga, she is from Málaga
¿de dónde es esta fruta? where does this fruit come from?
9 (composición, material) to be made of: este jersey no es de lana, this sweater is not (made of) wool
10 ser de, (afinidad, comparación) lo que hizo fue de tontos, what she did was a foolish thing
11 (existir) Madrid ya no es lo que era, Madrid isn't what it used to be
12 (suceder) ¿qué fue de ella?, what became of her?
13 (tener lugar) to be: esta tarde es el entierro, the funeral is this evening 14 ser para, (finalidad) to be for: es para pelar patatas, it's for peeling potatoes (adecuación, aptitud) no es una película para niños, the film is not suitable for children
esta vida no es para ti, this kind of life is not for you
15 (efecto) era para llorar, it was painful
es (como) para darle una bofetada, it makes me want to slap his face
no es para tomárselo a broma, it is no joke
16 (auxiliar en pasiva) to be: fuimos rescatados por la patrulla de la Cruz Roja, we were rescued by the Red Cross patrol
17 ser de (+ infinitivo) era de esperar que se marchase, it was to be expected that she would leave Locuciones: a no ser que, unless
como sea, anyhow
de no ser por..., had it not been for
es más, furthermore
es que..., it's just that...
lo que sea, whatever
o sea, that is (to say)
sea como sea, in any case o be that as it may
ser de lo que no hay, to be the limit ' fuera' also found in these entries: Spanish: alcance - balón - biruji - borda - combate - convencer - dejar - desencajada - desencajado - desentonar - desleal - desplazada - desplazado - destiempo - duda - espuela - extemporánea - extemporáneo - exterior - extraescolar - fenomenal - haber - juego - lengua - lógica - lugar - mayoría - necesaria - necesario - onda - plazo - proscrita - proscrito - quicio - revés - salir - serie - servicio - tono - única - único - afuera - anhelar - cena - comer - común - cual - desnivelado - esperar - lancha English: add to - amok - annul - around-the clock - away - beside - beyond - boot - bound - busing - care - catapult - chase away - clear - commission - control - danger - dine - distraught - dome - eat out - ex - exclude - farm out - go out - hand - here - house-sit - lest - look out - meal - misplaced - off-duty - off-limits - off-piste - off-screen - offside - one-off - ordinary - original - out - out of - out-of-bounds - outdoors - outside - outward - outwards - piste - place - play

English-spanish dictionary > fuera
26 lay

I adjective
1) (Relig.) laikal; Laien[bruder, -schwester, -predigt]

2) (inexpert) laienhaft
II 1. transitive verb,
laid

1) legen, [ver]legen [Teppichboden, Rohr, Gleis, Steine, Kabel, Leitung]; legen [Parkett, Fliesen, Fundament]; anlegen [Straße, Gehsteig]; see also academic.ru/33430/hand">hand 1. 1)

2) (fig.)

lay one's case before somebody — jemandem seinen Fall vortragen

lay one's plans/ideas before somebody — jemandem seine Pläne/Vorstellungen unterbreiten; see also blame 2.; open 1. 4)

3) (impose) auferlegen [Verantwortung, Verpflichtung] (on Dat.)

lay weight on something — Gewicht auf etwas (Akk.) legen

4) (wager)

I'll lay you five to one that... — ich wette mit dir fünf zu eins, dass...

lay a wager on something — eine Wette auf etwas (Akk.) abschließen; auf etwas (Akk.) wetten

5) (prepare)

lay the table — den Tisch decken

lay three places for lunch — drei Gedecke zum Mittagessen auflegen

lay the breakfast things — den Frühstückstisch decken

6) (Biol.) legen [Ei]

7) (devise) schmieden [Plan]; bannen [Geist, Gespenst]

8) (sl.): (copulate with)

lay a woman — eine Frau vernaschen od. aufs Kreuz legen (salopp)
2. noun
(sl.): (sexual partner)

she's a good/an easy lay — sie ist gut im Bett/steigt mit jedem ins Bett (ugs.)

Phrasal Verbs:

- lay about

- lay aside

- lay by

- lay down

- lay in

- lay into

- lay off

- lay on

- lay out

- lay up
III
see lie II 2.

* * *
I 1. [lei] past tense, past participle - laid; verb
1) (to place, set or put (down), often carefully: She laid the clothes in a drawer / on a chair; He laid down his pencil; She laid her report before the committee.) legen

2) (to place in a lying position: She laid the baby on his back.) legen

3) (to put in order or arrange: She went to lay the table for dinner; to lay one's plans / a trap.) decken, herrichten

4) (to flatten: The animal laid back its ears; The wind laid the corn flat.) (an)legen

5) (to cause to disappear or become quiet: to lay a ghost / doubts.) bannen

6) ((of a bird) to produce( eggs): The hen laid four eggs; My hens are laying well.) legen

7) (to bet: I'll lay five pounds that you don't succeed.) wetten

•

- layer
2. verb
(to put, cut or arrange in layers: She had her hair layered by the hairdresser.) legen

- layabout
- lay-by
- layout
- laid up
- lay aside
- lay bare
- lay by
- lay down
- lay one's hands on
- lay hands on
- lay in
- lay low
- lay off
- lay on
- lay out
- lay up
- lay waste II see lie II III [lei] adjective
1) (not a member of the clergy: lay preachers.) Laien-...

2) (not an expert or a professional (in a particular subject): Doctors tend to use words that lay people don't understand.) laienhaft

•

- layman
IV [lei] noun
(an epic poem.)

* * *

lay¹

[leɪ]

adj attr, inv

1. (not professional) laienhaft

to the \lay mind für den Laien

in \lay terms laienhaft

2. (not clergy) weltlich, Laien-

\lay preacher Laienprediger m

lay²

[leɪ]

pt of lie

lay³

[leɪ]

I. n

1. (general appearance) Lage f

the \lay of the land ( fig) die Lage

to ascertain [or spy out] the \lay of the land die Lage sondieren

2. (layer) Lage f, Schicht f

3. (fam!: sexual intercourse) Nummer f derb

to be an easy \lay leicht zu haben sein fam

to be a good \lay gut im Bett sein fam

4. (period for producing eggs) Legezeit f

▪ to be in \lay Legezeit haben

II. vt

<laid, laid>

1. (spread)

▪ to \lay sth on [or over] sth etw auf etw akk legen [o über etw akk breiten]

she laid newspaper over the floor sie deckte den Fußboden mit Zeitungen ab

2. (place)

▪ to \lay sth somewhere etw irgendwohin legen

he laid his arm along the back of the sofa er legte seinen Arm auf den Sofarücken

\lay your coats on the bed legt eure Mäntel auf dem Bett ab

to \lay the blame on sb ( fig) jdn für etw akk verantwortlich machen

to \lay emphasis [or stress] on sth etw betonen

3. (put down)

▪ to \lay sth etw verlegen

to \lay bricks mauern

to \lay a cable/carpet ein Kabel/einen Teppich verlegen

to \lay the foundations of a building das Fundament für ein Gebäude legen

to \lay the foundations [or basis] for sth ( fig) das Fundament zu etw dat legen

to \lay plaster Verputz auftragen

4. (prepare)

▪ to \lay sth etw herrichten; bomb, fire etw legen; the table decken

to \lay plans Pläne schmieden

to \lay a trail eine Spur legen

to \lay a trap [for sb] [jdm] eine Falle stellen

5. (render)

to \lay sth bare [or flat] etw offenlegen

to \lay sb bare [or flat] jdn bloßstellen

to \lay sb low BOXING ( dated) jdn außer Gefecht setzen

to \lay sb/sth open to an attack/to criticism jdn/etw einem Angriff/der Kritik aussetzen

to \lay sb/sth open to ridicule jdn/etw der Lächerlichkeit preisgeben

to \lay waste the land das Land verwüsten

6. (deposit)

to \lay an egg ein Ei legen

7. (wager)

▪ to \lay sth etw setzen [o verwetten]

to \lay an amount on sth einen Geldbetrag auf etw akk setzen

to \lay a bet on sth auf etw akk wetten

to \lay sb ten to one that... mit jdm zehn zu eins darum wetten, dass...

to \lay one's life/shirt on sth sein Leben/letztes Hemd auf etw akk verwetten

8. (present)

▪ to \lay sth before sb jdm etw vorlegen, etw vor jdn bringen

to \lay one's case before sb/sth jdm/etw sein Anliegen unterbreiten

9. (assert)

to \lay a charge against sb gegen jdn Anklage erheben

to \lay claim to sth auf etw akk Anspruch erheben

10. CARDS

to \lay an ace/a queen ein Ass/eine Königin legen

11. usu passive ( vulg: have sexual intercourse)

▪ to \lay sb jdn umlegen sl [o derb aufs Kreuz legen]

to get laid flachgelegt werden sl

12.

▶ to \lay sth at sb's door esp BRIT, AUS jdn für etw akk verantwortlich machen

▶ to \lay sb's fears to rest jds Ängste zerstreuen

▶ to \lay [so much as] a finger [or hand] on sb jdn [auch nur] berühren

▶ to \lay a ghost einen [bösen] Geist beschwören [o bannen]

▶ to \lay the ghosts of the past Vergangenheitsbewältigung betreiben

▶ to \lay hands on sb Hand an jdn legen

▶ to \lay one's hands on sth einer S. gen habhaft werden geh

I'll see if I can \lay my hands on a copy for you ich schau mal, ob ich eine Kopie für dich ergattern kann fam

▶ to \lay sth on the line etw riskieren [o aufs Spiel setzen]

▶ to \lay it on the line for sb ( fam) es jdm klipp und klar sagen fam

▶ to \lay it [or sth] on [a bit thick [or with a trowel]] etwas übertreiben [o fam zu dick auftragen]

▶ to \lay sb to rest ( euph) jdn zur letzten Ruhe betten euph geh

▶ to \lay sb's fears/suspicions to rest jdn beschwichtigen

▶ to \lay sth on the table (present for discussion) etw auf den Tisch [o fam aufs Tapet] bringen; AM (suspend discussion of) etw aufschieben

III. vi

<laid, laid>

hen [Eier] legen

* * *
I [leɪ]
n (LITER, MUS)
Ballade f, Lied nt II
adj
Laien-
lay opinion — die öffentliche Meinung, die Öffentlichkeit

a lay opinion — die Meinung eines Laien
III pret See: of lie IV vb: pret, ptp laid
1. n

1) Lage f → land

See:

→ land

2) (sl)

he's an easy lay — er lässt jeden ran (inf)

she's a good lay — sie ist gut im Bett

that's the best lay I ever had — das war die beste Nummer, die ich je gemacht habe (inf)

2. vt

1) (= place, put) legen (sth on sth etw auf etw acc); wreath niederlegen

to lay a hand on sb — jdm etwas tun, Hand an jdn legen

I never laid a hand on him — ich habe ihn überhaupt nicht angefasst, ich habe ihm überhaupt nichts getan

he took all the money he could lay his hands on — er nahm alles Geld, das ihm in die Finger kam (inf)

2) bricks, foundations, track legen; concrete gießen; cable, mains, pipes verlegen; road bauen, anlegen; carpet, lino (ver)legen

3) (= prepare) fire herrichten; (esp Brit) table decken; mines, ambush legen; trap aufstellen; plans schmieden

to lay the table for breakfast/lunch (esp Brit) — den Frühstücks-/Mittagstisch decken

to lay a trap for sb — jdm eine Falle stellen

even the best-laid plans can go wrong — selbst die ausgeklügeltsten Pläne können schiefgehen

4) (non-material things) burden auferlegen (on sb jdm)

to lay the blame for sth on sb/sth — jdm/einer Sache die Schuld an etw (dat) geben

to lay responsibility for sth on sb —

the stress which he lays on it — der Nachdruck, den er darauf legt

5) (= bring forward) complaint vorbringen (before bei); accusation erheben

the police laid a charge of murder against him — die Polizei erstattete gegen ihn Anzeige wegen Mordes

he laid out his case before them — er trug ihnen seinen Fall vor

6) dust binden; ghost austreiben; fear zerstreuen; doubts beseitigen

to lay waste — verwüsten

to lay the ghost of sth (fig) — etw endgültig begraben

See:

→ low

7) eggs (hen) legen; (fish, insects) ablegen

8) bet abschließen; money setzen

to lay bets on sth — auf etw (acc) wetten

I lay you a fiver on it! —

I'll lay you that... — ich wette mit dir, dass...

I'll lay you anything... — ich gehe mit dir jede Wette ein...

9) (sl)

to lay a woman — eine Frau flachlegen (sl)

he just wants to get laid — er will nur bumsen (inf)

3. vi
(hen) legen
* * *

lay¹ [leı]

A s

1. ( besonders geografische) Lage:

the lay of the land fig bes US die Lage (der Dinge)

2. Schicht f, Lage f

3. Schlag m (beim Tauwerk)

4. Plan m

5. umg Job m, Beschäftigung f, Tätigkeit f

6. US

a) Preis m

b) (Verkaufs)Bedingungen pl

7. sl

a) she’s an easy lay die ist leicht zu haben, die geht mit jedem ins Bett;

she’s a good lay sie ist gut im Bett

b) Nummer f vulg (Geschlechtsverkehr):

have a lay eine Nummer machen oder schieben vulg

B v/t prät und pperf laid [leıd]

1. legen:

lay sb into the grave;

lay sth on the table;

lay bricks mauern;

lay a bridge eine Brücke schlagen;

lay a cable ein Kabel (ver)legen;

lay a carpet einen Teppich verlegen;

lay troops Truppen einquartieren oder in Quartier legen (on bei);

lay a wreath einen Kranz niederlegen (at an dat); → Verbindungen mit den entsprechenden Substantiven

2. Eier legen: → egg¹ A 1

3. fig legen, setzen:

lay an ambush einen Hinterhalt legen;

lay one’s hopes on seine Hoffnungen setzen auf (akk);

lay an offside trap SPORT eine Abseitsfalle aufbauen;

the scene is laid in Rome der Schauplatz oder Ort der Handlung ist Rom, das Stück etc spielt in Rom;

lay the whip to sb’s back obs jemanden auspeitschen; → stress B 1

4. (her)richten, anordnen, den Tisch decken:

lay the fire das Feuer (im Kamin) anlegen;

lay lunch den Tisch zum Mittagessen decken; → place A 1

5. belegen, auslegen ( beide:

with mit):

lay the floor with linoleum

6. Farbe etc auftragen

7. (before) vorlegen (dat), bringen (vor akk):

lay one’s case before a commission

8. geltend machen, erheben, vorbringen: → claim C 1, information 7 b

9. einen Schaden etc festsetzen (at auf akk)

10. eine Schuld etc zuschreiben, zur Last legen ( beide:

to dat)

11. a) eine Steuer auferlegen (on dat)

b) eine Strafe, ein Embargo etc verhängen (on über akk)

12. einen Plan schmieden, ersinnen

13. a) etwas wetten

b) setzen auf (akk)

14. niederwerfen, -strecken, zu Boden strecken

15. Getreide etc zu Boden drücken, umlegen (Wind etc)

16. die Wogen etc glätten, beruhigen, besänftigen:

the wind is laid der Wind hat sich gelegt

17. Staub löschen

18. einen Geist bannen, beschwören:

lay the ghosts of the past fig Vergangenheitsbewältigung betreiben

19. einen Stoff etc glätten, glatt pressen

20. SCHIFF Kurs nehmen auf (akk), ansteuern

21. MIL ein Geschütz richten

22. sl eine Frau aufs Kreuz legen (mit einer Frau schlafen)

C v/i

1. (Eier) legen

2. wetten

3. lay about one (wild) um sich schlagen ( with mit);

lay into sb über jemanden herfallen (auch mit Worten)

4. lay to (energisch) an eine Sache rangehen umg

5. lay for sl jemandem auflauern

6. lay off umg

a) jemanden, etwas in Ruhe lassen

b) aufhören mit:

lay off it! hör auf (damit)!

7. sl liegen

lay² [leı] prät von lie²

lay³ [leı] adj Laien…:

a) REL weltlich

b) laienhaft, nicht fachmännisch:

to the lay mind für den Laien(verstand); → vicar 1

lay⁴ [leı] s poet Lied n, Weise f

* * *
I adjective
1) (Relig.) laikal; Laien[bruder, -schwester, -predigt]

2) (inexpert) laienhaft
II 1. transitive verb,
laid

1) legen, [ver]legen [Teppichboden, Rohr, Gleis, Steine, Kabel, Leitung]; legen [Parkett, Fliesen, Fundament]; anlegen [Straße, Gehsteig]; see also hand 1. 1)

2) (fig.)

lay one's case before somebody — jemandem seinen Fall vortragen

lay one's plans/ideas before somebody — jemandem seine Pläne/Vorstellungen unterbreiten; see also blame 2.; open 1. 4)

3) (impose) auferlegen [Verantwortung, Verpflichtung] (on Dat.)

lay weight on something — Gewicht auf etwas (Akk.) legen

4) (wager)

I'll lay you five to one that... — ich wette mit dir fünf zu eins, dass...

lay a wager on something — eine Wette auf etwas (Akk.) abschließen; auf etwas (Akk.) wetten

5) (prepare)

lay the table — den Tisch decken

lay three places for lunch — drei Gedecke zum Mittagessen auflegen

lay the breakfast things — den Frühstückstisch decken

6) (Biol.) legen [Ei]

7) (devise) schmieden [Plan]; bannen [Geist, Gespenst]

8) (sl.): (copulate with)

lay a woman — eine Frau vernaschen od. aufs Kreuz legen (salopp)
2. noun
(sl.): (sexual partner)

she's a good/an easy lay — sie ist gut im Bett/steigt mit jedem ins Bett (ugs.)

Phrasal Verbs:

- lay about

- lay aside

- lay by

- lay down

- lay in

- lay into

- lay off

- lay on

- lay out

- lay up
III
see lie II 2.

* * *

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: laid)

= legen v.

setzen v.

stellen v.

English-german dictionary > lay
27 body

['bɔdɪ]
n

1) тело, туловище, фигура (человека или животного), корпус

His aching body trembled. — Все его тело дрожало и болело.

Sobs shook her whole body. — Рыдания сотрясали все ее тело.

Her body shuddered. — Ее всю передернуло.

His whole body aches. — У него болит все тело.

A shiver runs through the body. — По телу пробежала дрожь.

He had a body of iron. — У него железное тело.

He could clearly see the bodies of the men sleeping in the tant. — Он хорошо видел фигуры мужчин, которые спали в палатке.

- human body
- strong body
- bare body
- angular body
- white body
- feeble body
- sweating body
- supple body
- long body
- woman's body
- fat body
- short body
- light body
- rigid body
- tender body
- stout body
- thick body
- resilient body
- sickly body
- crippled body
- disfugured body
- trembling body
- slim body
- well-developed body
- body language
- body clock
- body carriage
- body linen
- body guard
- body frozen stiff
- body covered with wounds
- body in motion
- body of a girl
- body of a horse
- body of a dog
- weight of the body
- temperature of the body
- part of a body
- care of the body
- strength of the body
- pains of the mind and of the body
- disease of the body
- desires of the body
- spot on the body
- rash on the body
- scar on one's body
- keep one's body strong
- strain the body
- feel the body all over
- rub the body
- relax the body
- examine the body
- mutilate smb's body
- lean heavily with one's body
- take care of one's body
- protect with one's own body
- slip smth on one's bare body
- every nerve in smb's body feels smth
- train a healthy body
- lean one's body back
- keep one's body warm
- lie with one's body stretched
- feel smb's body stiffen
- smb's body shakes violently
- smb's whole body grows cold
2) труп, мёртвое тело (человека или животного), останки

His body was brought back to England for burial. — Его тело было возвращено в Англию для захоронения.

They buried the two bodies in one grave. — Оба трупа были захоронены в одной могиле.

Several lifeless bodies were washed ashore from the wreck. — После кораблекрушения несколько мертвых тел/мертвецов прибило к берегу.

- dead body
- unidentified body
- bury the dead body
- give the body a decent burial
- identify the body
- drag the river for a drowned body
- lay out a body
- turn up a body
- dig out the body
- dispose of the body
3) вещество, тело

There was a foreign body in his eye. — У него в глазу было инородное тело.

All material bodies tend to fall toward the earth. — Все физические/материальные тела падают на землю.

- solid body
- liquid body
- opaque body
- metalic bodies
- gaseous bodies
- visible heavenly bodies
- speed at which a falling body travels amounts to...
4) группа людей (объединённых общей целью, задачей), общество, ассоциация, лига, сообщество

A body of settlers established themselves on the island. — Группа поселенцев устроилась на острове.

She belongs to a rapidly disappearing body of street caterers. — Она принадлежит к быстро исчезающему классу уличных торговцев.

- learned body
- school governing body
- examining body
- illustrous body
- long-established body
- charitable body
- prosperous body
- body corporate
- judges as a body
- come in a body
- resign in a body
5) орган, организация, совет, инстанция

The commission is a five-member body. — Эта комиссия - орган, состоящий из пяти человек.

The association is becoming a numerous and powerful body. — Ассоциация становится многочисленной и мощной организацией.

- public body
- legislative body
- executive body
- diplomatic body
- policy making body
- bargaining body
- permanent body
- confirming body
- elected body
- research body
- underground body
- arbitration body
- sister body
- parent body
- governing body of the institution
- recognize the Congress as the governing body
- leave the meeting in a body in a body
6) основная часть (чего-либо), главная часть (чего-либо)

We sat in the body of the hall and the actors performed on the stage. — Мы сидели в центральной части зала, а актеры играли на сцене.

The important news comes in the body of the letter. — Самые важные известия изложены в основной части письма.

It was incorporated in the main body of the dictionary. — Это было включено в корпус словаря.

- body of a car
- body of a ship
- body of a watch
- body of an airplane
- body of a tree
- body of the letter
- student body of a college
- body of a structure
- main body of the citizens
- general body of creditors
- main body of an army
- body of flame
7) консистенция, густота, плотность

The soup has no body — суп жидкий. /Суп - "одна вода".

- body of oil
- wine with plenty of body
- wine of full body
- wine has a good body
- wine has no body
8) совокупность, масса, количество, массив

Numerous large bodies of unemployed men marched through the streets. — Безработные многочисленными группами шли по улицам.

He has a great body of facts (of information) to prove his theory (his statement). — Он собрал массу фактов (информации), подтверждающих его теорию (его утверждение).

The hotel stands beside a body of water. — Гостиница стоит у воды.

Only over my dead body! — ◊ Только через мой труп!

To keep one's body and sout together. /To keep body and soul together. — ◊ Еле-еле душа в теле.

A healthy mind goes with a healthy body. /A sound mind in a sound body. — ◊ В здоровом теле, здоровый дух

- body of cold air
- body of land
- body of fuel
- body of laws
- strong body of evidence
- large body of water
- narrow body of water
- large body of graduates
- stop a little distance from the main body of the the crowd

English-Russian combinatory dictionary > body
28 Durão Barroso, José Manuel

(1952-)

   Academic, scholar, and politician who rose to prominence after the Revolution of 25 April 1974. Trained as an academic in the field of political science and law, Durão Barroso received a master's degree in political science at a Swiss university in the 1980s and continued to a doctorate in Portugal. For some years, he taught political science at the University of Geneva. A student of Portuguese government and politics, he entered academic life in Lisbon at various universities, including the Faculty of Law, University of Lisbon, and spent terms abroad as a visiting political science professor at Georgetown University in the United States.

   A leading member of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) after 1993, he was minister of foreign affairs in the Cavaco Silva government in the mid-1990s. When Marcello Rebelo de Sousa withdrew from politics in 1999, Durão Barroso was elected in his place as chief of the PSD; he led the party in the October 1999 elections, won by the Socialist Party (PS) under Guterres. The defeat of the PSD in this election, whose final results were closer than predicted, cast a shadow on the leadership position of Durão Barroso, whose brittle style and manner of public speaking aroused controversy. The position of the PSD, however, still retained some strength; the results of the October 1999 elections were disappointing to the PS, which expected to win an overall majority in the Assembly of the Republic. Instead, the PS fell one seat short. The electoral results in seats were PS (115) to PSD (81). As the PS's hold on the electorate weakened during 2001, and the party was defeated in municipal elections in December 2001, the PSD's leader came into his own as party chief.

   In the parliamentary elections of 17 March 2002, the PSD won the largest number of seats, and Durão Barroso was appointed prime minister. To have a majority, he governed in coalition with the Popular Party (PP), formerly known as the Christian Democratic Party (CDS). Durão Barroso reduced government spending, which affected the budgets of local governments and civil service recruitment. These measures, as well as plans to accelerate privatization and introduce labor reforms, resulted in a public-sector worker's strike in November 2002, the first such strike in 10 years. Durão Barroso decided to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a freeze on the wages of employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than 50 percent of the workforce.

   In 2004, he became president of the Commission, European Union (EU). He took up the office on 23 November 2004, and Pedro Santana Lopes, then the PSD mayor of Lisbon, became prime minister. Portugal has held the six-month rotating presidency of the EU three times, in 1992, 2000, and 2007.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Durão Barroso, José Manuel
29 press

press [pres]

presse ⇒ 1 (a)-(e) serrement ⇒ 1 (i) appuyer (sur) ⇒ 3 (a), 3 (e), 4 (a) presser ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (c) forcer ⇒ 3 (d) faire pression ⇒ 4 (b)

1 noun

(a) (newspapers) presse f;

∎ the national/local press la presse nationale/locale;

∎ freedom of the press la liberté de la presse;

∎ they advertised in the press ils ont fait passer une annonce dans les journaux;

∎ reports in the press were biased les comptes rendus parus dans la presse étaient tendancieux;

∎ they managed to keep her name out of the press ils ont réussi à ce que son nom ne paraisse pas dans la presse

(b) (journalists) presse f;

∎ the press were there la presse était là;

∎ she's a member of the press elle a une carte de presse;

∎ ironic the gentlemen of the press ces messieurs de la presse

(c) (report, opinion) presse f;

∎ to get (a) good/bad press avoir bonne/mauvaise presse;

∎ to give sb (a) good/bad press faire l'éloge/la critique de qn

(d) (printing) presse f;

∎ to go to press (book) être mis sous presse; (newspaper) partir à l'impression;

∎ we go to press at 5 p.m. on est mis sous presse à 5 heures; (copy deadline) on boucle à 5 heures;

∎ in or at (the) press sous presse;

∎ hot or straight from the press tout frais;

∎ ready for press prêt à mettre sous presse;

∎ the proofs were passed for press on a donné le bon à tirer;

∎ prices correct at time of going to press prix corrects au moment de la mise sous presse

(e) (machine)

∎ (printing) press presse f;

∎ to set the presses rolling mettre les presses en marche; figurative mettre la machine en marche

(f) (publisher) presses fpl

(g) (for tennis racket, handicrafts, woodwork, trousers) presse f; (for cider, oil, wine) pressoir m

(h) (push)

∎ the machine dispenses hot coffee at the press of a button il suffit d'appuyer sur un bouton pour que la machine distribue du café chaud;

∎ give it a slight press appuyez légèrement là-dessus

(i) (squeeze) serrement m;

∎ he gave my hand a quick press il m'a serré la main rapidement

(j) (crowd) foule f; (rush) bousculade f; literary (of battle) mêlée f;

∎ in the press for the door we became separated dans la ruée de la foule vers la porte, nous avons été séparés;

∎ to force one's way through the press fendre la foule, se frayer un chemin à travers la foule

(k) (ironing) coup m de fer;

∎ to give sth a press donner un coup de fer à qch

(l) Irish & Scottish (cupboard) placard m, armoire f

(m) (in weightlifting) développé m

(n) (in basketball) pressing m;

∎ full court press zone-presse f (tout terrain);

∎ American figurative it was the full court press on faisait le maximum;

∎ to be engaged in a full court press to do sth faire le maximum ou tout son possible pour faire qch

(o) Industry (forming machine) presse f

(p) Military recrutement m de force

(q) Nautical

∎ press of sail or canvas pleine voilure f;

∎ under press of sail toutes voiles dehors

2 compound-forming noun

(reporter, photographer) de presse; (advertising) dans la presse

3 transitive verb

(a) (push → button, bell, trigger, accelerator) appuyer sur;

∎ try pressing it essayez d'appuyer dessus;

∎ he pressed the lid shut il a fermé le couvercle (en appuyant dessus);

∎ to press sth flat aplatir qch;

∎ to press sth home enfoncer qch;

∎ to press sth (back) into shape rendre sa forme à qch;

∎ to press one's way through a crowd/to the front se frayer un chemin à travers une foule/jusqu'au premier rang;

∎ he was pressed (up) against the railings il s'est trouvé coincé contre le grillage;

∎ I pressed myself against the wall je me suis collé contre le mur;

∎ she pressed a note into my hand elle m'a glissé un billet dans la main;

∎ he pressed his nose (up) against the window il a collé son nez à la vitre;

∎ he pressed his hat down on his head il rabattit ou enfonça son chapeau sur sa tête;

∎ she pressed the papers down into the bin elle a enfoncé les papiers dans la poubelle

(b) (squeeze → hand, arm) presser, serrer; (→ grapes, lemon, olives) presser;

∎ she pressed her son to her elle serra son fils contre elle

(c) (urge) presser, pousser; (harass) harceler, talonner;

∎ to press sb for payment/an answer presser qn de payer/répondre;

∎ she pressed me to tell her the truth elle me pressa de lui dire la vérité;

∎ if you press her she'll tell you si tu insistes, elle te le dira;

∎ if pressed, he would admit… quand on insistait ou le poussait, il admettait…;

∎ his creditors were pressing him hard ses créanciers le harcelaient ou ne lui laissaient pas le moindre répit;

∎ to be pressed for time/money être à court de temps/d'argent

(d) (force) forcer, obliger;

∎ I was pressed into signing the contract j'ai été obligé de signer le contrat;

∎ don't let yourself be pressed into going ne laissez personne vous forcer à y aller

(e) (impose, push forward → claim) appuyer, pousser; (→ opinions) insister sur;

∎ can I press a cup of tea on you? puis-je vous offrir une tasse de thé?;

∎ to press a gift on sb forcer qn à accepter un cadeau;

∎ to press (home) one's advantage profiter d'un avantage;

∎ to press one's attentions on sb poursuivre qn de ses assiduités;

∎ I don't want to press the point je ne veux pas insister;

∎ Law to press charges against sb engager des poursuites contre qn

(f) (iron → shirt, tablecloth) repasser

(g) (manufacture in mould → component) mouler; (→ record) presser

(h) (preserve by pressing → flower) presser, faire sécher (dans un livre ou un pressoir)

(i) (in weightlifting) soulever

(j) Military (enlist by force) recruter ou enrôler de force;

∎ figurative to press into service réquisitionner;

∎ the local mechanic was pressed into service le mécanicien du coin fut réquisitionné pour la circonstance

4 intransitive verb

(a) (push) appuyer;

∎ press here appuyez ou pressez ici;

∎ he pressed (down) on the accelerator il appuya sur l'accélérateur;

∎ the crowd pressed against the barriers/round the President la foule se pressait contre les barrières/autour du président;

∎ they pressed forward to get a better view ils poussaient pour essayer de mieux voir;

∎ to press through a crowd se frayer un chemin à travers une foule;

∎ to press close against sb se serrer contre qn

(b) (weight, burden) faire pression (on sur); (troubles) peser (on à);

∎ the rucksack pressed on his shoulders le sac à dos pesait sur ses épaules;

∎ her problems pressed on her mind ses problèmes lui pesaient;

∎ time presses! le temps presse!

(c) (insist)

∎ he pressed hard to get the grant il a fait des pieds et des mains pour obtenir la bourse;

∎ to press for an answer insister pour avoir une réponse immédiate;

∎ to press for an adjournment/the law to be tightened up exiger un ajournement/que la loi soit renforcée

(d) (iron) se repasser;

∎ some shirts press easily il y a des chemises qui se repassent facilement

►► press agency agence f de presse;

press agent attaché(e) m,f de presse;

British the Press Association = la principale agence de presse britannique;

press attaché attaché(e) m,f de presse;

press badge macaron m de presse;

press baron magnat m de la presse;

press box tribune f de (la) presse;

press button bouton-poussoir m;

press campaign campagne f de presse;

press card carte f de presse ou de journaliste;

press clipping coupure f de presse or de journal;

British the Press Complaints Commission = organisme britannique de contrôle de la presse;

press conference conférence f de presse;

press copy (of book) exemplaire m de service de presse;

press corps journalistes mpl;

∎ the White House press corps = les journalistes accrédités à la Maison-Blanche;

British the Press Council = organisme indépendant veillant au respect de la déontologie dans la presse britannique;

press coverage couverture-presse f;

∎ the resignation got a lot of press coverage la démission a été largement couverte dans la presse;

British press cutting coupure f de presse ou de journal;

∎ a collection of press cuttings une collection de coupures de journaux, un dossier de presse;

press gallery tribune f de (la) presse;

press handout communiqué m de presse;

press insert encart m presse;

press kit dossier m de presse (distribué aux journalistes);

press lord magnat m de la presse;

press office service m de presse;

press officer responsable mf des relations avec la presse;

press pack dossier m de presse;

press pass carte f de presse;

Typography press proof tierce f;

press relations relations fpl presse;

press release communiqué m de presse;

press report reportage m;

∎ press reports of the incident were inaccurate les articles de presse relatant l'incident étaient inexacts;

press run tirage m;

Politics press secretary ≃ porte-parole m inv du gouvernement;

British press stud bouton-pression m, pression f

➲ press ahead = press on

➲ press down

1 separable transitive verb

appuyer sur; (with force) enfoncer

2 intransitive verb

∎ to press down on sb peser sur qn

➲ press for inseparable transitive verb

(demand) exiger, réclamer;

∎ they pressed for a pay rise ils ont réclamé ou exigé une augmentation de salaire;

∎ the residents are pressing for a pedestrian zone les résidents font pression pour obtenir une zone piétonnière;

∎ the opposition are pressing for an enquiry l'opposition exige une enquête ou insiste pour que l'on fasse une enquête

➲ press in separable transitive verb

enfoncer

➲ press on intransitive verb

(continue → on journey) poursuivre ou continuer son chemin; (→ with activity) continuer; (persevere → in enterprise, job) poursuivre, persévérer;

∎ the travellers pressed on in the darkness les voyageurs poursuivirent leur chemin dans la nuit;

∎ we must press on to York or as far as York il faut poursuivre jusqu'à York;

∎ we pressed on regardless nous avons continué malgré tout

➲ press on with inseparable transitive verb

(job, negotiations) continuer, poursuivre;

∎ they pressed on with the plan in spite of opposition ils ont poursuivi leur projet malgré l'opposition rencontrée

➲ press out separable transitive verb

(a) (juice etc) exprimer

(b) Technology (holes) percer; (shapes, parts) découper

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > press
30 Abel, Sir Frederick August

SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology, Weapons and armour

[br]

b. 17 July 1827 Woolwich, London, England

d. 6 September 1902 Westminster, London, England

[br]

English chemist, co-inventor of cordite find explosives expert.

[br]

His family came from Germany and he was the son of a music master. He first became interested in science at the age of 14, when visiting his mineralogist uncle in Hamburg, and studied chemistry at the Royal Polytechnic Institution in London. In 1845 he became one of the twenty-six founding students, under A.W.von Hofmann, of the Royal College of Chemistry. Such was his aptitude for the subject that within two years he became von Hermann's assistant and demonstrator. In 1851 Abel was appointed Lecturer in Chemistry, succeeding Michael Faraday, at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and it was while there that he wrote his Handbook of Chemistry, which was co-authored by his assistant, Charles Bloxam.

Abel's four years at the Royal Military Academy served to foster his interest in explosives, but it was during his thirty-four years, beginning in 1854, as Ordnance Chemist at the Royal Arsenal and at Woolwich that he consolidated and developed his reputation as one of the international leaders in his field. In 1860 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, but it was his studies during the 1870s into the chemical changes that occur during explosions, and which were the subject of numerous papers, that formed the backbone of his work. It was he who established the means of storing gun-cotton without the danger of spontaneous explosion, but he also developed devices (the Abel Open Test and Close Test) for measuring the flashpoint of petroleum. He also became interested in metal alloys, carrying out much useful work on their composition. A further avenue of research occurred in 1881 when he was appointed a member of the Royal Commission set up to investigate safety in mines after the explosion that year in the Sealham Colliery. His resultant study on dangerous dusts did much to further understanding on the use of explosives underground and to improve the safety record of the coal-mining industry. The achievement for which he is most remembered, however, came in 1889, when, in conjunction with Sir James Dewar, he invented cordite. This stable explosive, made of wood fibre, nitric acid and glycerine, had the vital advantage of being a "smokeless powder", which meant that, unlike the traditional ammunition propellant, gunpowder ("black powder"), the firer's position was not given away when the weapon was discharged. Although much of the preliminary work had been done by the Frenchman Paul Vieille, it was Abel who perfected it, with the result that cordite quickly became the British Army's standard explosive.

Abel married, and was widowed, twice. He had no children, but died heaped in both scientific honours and those from a grateful country.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Grand Commander of the Royal Victorian Order 1901. Knight Commander of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath 1891 (Commander 1877). Knighted 1883. Created Baronet 1893. FRS 1860. President, Chemical Society 1875–7. President, Institute of Chemistry 1881–2. President, Institute of Electrical Engineers 1883. President, Iron and Steel Institute 1891. Chairman, Society of Arts 1883–4. Telford Medal 1878, Royal Society Royal Medal 1887, Albert Medal (Society of Arts) 1891, Bessemer Gold Medal 1897. Hon. DCL (Oxon.) 1883, Hon. DSc (Cantab.) 1888.

Bibliography

1854, with C.L.Bloxam, Handbook of Chemistry: Theoretical, Practical and Technical, London: John Churchill; 2nd edn 1858.

Besides writing numerous scientific papers, he also contributed several articles to The Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1875–89, 9th edn.

Further Reading

Dictionary of National Biography, 1912, Vol. 1, Suppl. 2, London: Smith, Elder.

CM

Biographical history of technology > Abel, Sir Frederick August
31 Barry, Sir Charles

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building

[br]

b. 23 May 1795 Westminster, London, England

d. 12 May 1860 Clapham, London, England

[br]

English architect who was a leader in the field between the years 1830 and 1860.

[br]

Barry was typical of the outstanding architects of this time. His work was eclectic, and he suited the style—whether Gothic or classical—to the commission and utilized the then-traditional materials and methods of construction. He is best known as architect of the new Palace of Westminster; he won the competition to rebuild it after the disastrous fire of the old palace in 1834. Bearing this in mind in the rebuilding, Barry utilized that characteristic nineteenth-century material, iron for joists and roofing plates.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Knighted 1852. Member of the Royal Academy; the Royal Society; the Academies of St Luke, Rome; St Petersburg (and others); and the American Institute of Architects. RIBA Gold Medal 1850.

Further Reading

Marcus Whiffen, The Architecture of Sir Charles Barry in Manchester and Neighbourhood, Royal Manchester Institution.

H.M.Port (ed.), 1976, The Houses of Parliament, Yale University Press.

H.M.Colvin (ed.), The History of the King's Works, Vol. 6, HMSO.

DY

Biographical history of technology > Barry, Sir Charles
32 Giles, Francis

SUBJECT AREA: Canals, Civil engineering, Ports and shipping

[br]

b. 1787 England

d. 4 March 1847 England

[br]

English civil engineer engaged in canal, harbour and railway construction.

[br]

Trained as a surveyor in John Rennie's organization, Giles carried out surveys on behalf of Rennie before setting up in practice on his own. His earliest survey seems to have been on the line of the proposed Weald of Kent Canal in 1809. Then in 1811 he surveyed the proposed London \& Cambridge Canal linking Bishops Stortford on the Stort with Cambridge and with a branch to Shefford on the Ivel. In the same year he surveyed the line of the Wey \& Arun Junction Canal, and in 1816, in the same area, the Portsmouth \& Arundel Canal. In 1819 he carried out what is regarded as his first independent commission—the extension of the River Ivel Navigation from Biggleswade to Shefford. At this time he was helping John Rennie on the Aire \& Calder Navigation and continued there after Rennie's death in 1821. In 1825 he was engaged on plans for a London to Portsmouth Ship Canal and also on a suggested link between the Basingstoke and Kennet \& Avon Canals. Later, on behalf of Sir George Duckett, he was Engineer to the Hertford Union Canal, which was completed in 1830, and linked the Regent's Canal to the Lee Navigation. In 1833 he completed the extension of the Sankey Brook Navigation from Fiddler's Ferry to the Mersey at Widnes. One of his last canal works was a survey of the River Lee in 1844. Apart from his canal work, he was appointed Engineer to the Newcastle \& Carlisle Railway in 1829 and designed, among other works, the fine viaducts at Wetheral and Cor by. He was also, for a very short time, Engineer to the London \& Southampton Railway. Among other commissions, he was involved in harbour surveys and works at Dover, Rye, Holyhead, Dundee, Bridport and Dun Laoghaire (Kingstown). He was elected a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1842 and succeeded Telford on the Exchequer Bill Loans Board.

[br]

Further Reading

1848, Memoir 17, London: Institution of Civil Engineers, 9.

JHB

Biographical history of technology > Giles, Francis
33 MacNeill, Sir John Benjamin

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

[br]

b. 1793 (?) Mount Pleasant, near Dundalk, Louth, Ireland

d. 2 March 1880

[br]

Irish railway engineer and educator.

[br]

Sir John MacNeill became a pupil of Thomas Telford and served under him as Superintendent of the Southern Division of the Holyhead Road from London to Shrewsbury. In this capacity he invented a "Road Indicator" or dynamometer. Like other Telford followers, he viewed the advent of railways with some antipathy, but after the death of Telford in 1834 he quickly became involved in railway construction and in 1837 he was retained by the Irish Railway Commissioners to build railways in the north of Ireland (Vignoles received the commission for the south). Much of his subsequent career was devoted to schemes for Irish railways, both those envisaged by the Commissioners and other private lines with more immediately commercial objectives. He was knighted in 1844 on the completion of the Dublin \& Drogheda Railway along the east coast of Ireland. In 1845 MacNeill lodged plans for over 800 miles (1,300 km) of Irish railways. Not all of these were built, many falling victim to Irish poverty in the years after the Famine, but he maintained a large staff and became financially embarrassed. His other schemes included the Grangemouth Docks in Scotland, the Liverpool \& Bury Railway, and the Belfast Waterworks, the latter completed in 1843 and subsequently extended by Bateman.

MacNeill was an engineer of originality, being the person who introduced iron-lattice bridges into Britain, employing the theoretical and experimental work of Fairbairn and Eaton Hodgkinson (the Boyne Bridge at Drogheda had two such spans of 250ft (76m) each). He also devised the Irish railway gauge of 5 ft 2 in. (1.57 m). Consulted by the Board of Trinity College, Dublin, regarding a School of Engineering in 1842, he was made an Honorary LLD of the University and appointed the first Professor of Civil Engineering, but he relinquished the chair to his assistant, Samuel Downing, in 1846. MacNeill was a large and genial man, but not, we are told, "of methodical and business habit": he relied heavily on his subordinates. Blindness obliged him to retire from practice several years before his death. He was an early member of the Institution of Civil Engineers, joining in 1827, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1838.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

FRS 1838.

Further Reading

Dictionary of National Biography. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers

73:361–71.

AB

Biographical history of technology > MacNeill, Sir John Benjamin
34 Waymouth, Bernard

SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping

[br]

b. unknown

d. 25 November 1890 London, England

[br]

English naval architect, ship surveyor and designer of the clipper ship Thermopylae.

[br]

Waymouth had initial training in shipbuilding at one of the Royal Dockyards before going on to work at a privately owned shipyard. With this all-round experience he was accepted in 1854 by Lloyd's Register of Shipping as a surveyor, and was to serve the Society well during a period of great change in ship design. In 1864 he was charged with the task of framing the Rules for the Construction of Composite Built Vessels, i.e. ships with main structural members such as keel, frames and deck beams of iron and with the hull sheathing or planking of timber. Although long superseded, these rules were of considerable consequence at the time and they were accompanied by beautiful drawings executed by Harry J.Cornish, who became Chief Ship Surveyor of Lloyd's from 1900 until 1909. In 1870 revolutionary proposals were made for iron ships that led to the adoption of a new form of rules where the scantlings or size of individual parts were related to the overall dimensions of the vessel. The symbol 100A1 was then adopted for the first time.

Waymouth was more than a theoretical naval architect: in the late 1860s he was commissioned by the shipbuilders Walter Hood to design the famous Aberdeen Clipper Thermopylae. This was one of the fastest sailing ships of the nineteenth century and, along with its Clyde-built counterpart Cutty Sark, proved the efficacy of composite construction for these specialist vessels.

Waymouth was appointed Principal Surveyor of Lloyd's in 1870 and was Secretary of the Society from 1872 until his death at work in 1890. He was a member of the Royal Commission on Tonnage and of the Enquiry into the loss of HMS Atlanta, and at the time of his death was Vice-President of the Institution of Naval Architects.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Vice-President, Institution of Naval Architects.

Further Reading

Annals of Lloyd's Register, 1934, London.

FMW

Biographical history of technology > Waymouth, Bernard
35 Wöhler, August

SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy

[br]

b. 22 June 1819 Soltau, Germany

d. 21 June 1914 Hannover, Germany

[br]

German railway engineer who first established the fatigue fracture of metals.

[br]

Wöhler, the son of a schoolteacher, was born at Soltau on the Luneburg Heath and received his early education at his father's school, where his mathematical abilities soon became apparent. He completed his studies at the Technical High School, Hannover.

In 1840 he obtained a position at the Borsig Engineering Works in Berlin and acquired there much valuable experience in railway technology. He trained as an engine driver in Belgium and in 1843 was appointed as an engineer to the first Hannoverian Railway, then being constructed between Hannover and Lehrte. In 1847 he became Chief Superintendent of rolling stock on the Lower Silesian-Brandenhurg Railway, where his technical abilities influenced the Prussian Minister of Commerce to appoint him to a commission set up to investigate the reasons for the unusually high incidence of axle failures then being encountered on the railways. This was in 1852, and by 1854, when the Brandenburg line had been nationalized, Wöhler had already embarked on the long, systematic programme of mechanical testing which eventually provided him with a clear insight into the process of what is now referred to as "fatigue failure". He concentrated initially on the behaviour of machined iron and steel specimens subjected to fluctuating direct, bending and torsional stresses that were imposed by testing machines of his own design.

Although Wöhler was not the first investigator in this area, he was the first to recognize the state of "fatigue" induced in metals by the repeated application of cycles of stress at levels well below those that would cause immediate failure. His method of plotting the fatigue stress amplitude "S" against the number of stress cycles necessary to cause failure "N" yielded the well-known S-N curve which described very precisely the susceptibility to fatigue failure of the material concerned. Engineers were thus provided with an invaluable testing technique that is still widely used in the 1990s.

Between 1851 and 1898 Wöhler published forty-two papers in German technical journals, although the importance of his work was not initially fully appreciated in other countries. A display of some of his fracture fatigue specimens at the Paris Exposition in 1867, however, stimulated a short review of his work in Engineering in London. Four years later, in 1871, Engineering published a series of nine articles which described Wöhler's findings in considerable detail and brought them to the attention of engineers. Wöhler became a member of the newly created management board of the Imperial German Railways in 1874, an appointment that he retained until 1889. He is also remembered for his derivation in 1855 of a formula for calculating the deflections under load of lattice girders, plate girders, and other continuous beams resting on more than two supports. This "Three Moments" theorem appeared two years before Clapeyron independently advanced the same expression. Wöhler's other major contribution to bridge design was to use rollers at one end to allow for thermal expansion and contraction.

[br]

Bibliography

1855, "Theorie rechteckiger eiserner Brückenbalken", Zeitschrift für Bauwesen 5:122–66. 1870, "Über die Festigkeitversuche mit Eisen und Stahl", Zeitschrift für Bauwesen 20:73– 106.

Wöhler's experiments on the fatigue of metals were reported in Engineering (1867) 2:160; (1871) 11:199–200, 222, 243–4, 261, 299–300, 326–7, 349–50, 397, 439–41.

Further Reading

R.Blaum, 1918, "August Wöhler", Beiträge zur Geschichte der Technik und Industrie 8:35–55.

——1925, "August Wöhler", Deutsches biographisches Jahrbuch, Vol. I, Stuttgart, pp. 103–7.

K.Pearson, 1890, "On Wöhler's experiments on alternating stress", Messeng. Math.

20:21–37.

J.Gilchrist, 1900, "On Wöhler's Laws", Engineer 90:203–4.

ASD

Biographical history of technology > Wöhler, August
36 party

група; компанія; учасник, сторона (в судовому процесі, угоди тощо); (політична) партія

party to the commission of crime — учасник вчинення злочину

party's candidate for the presidential election — кандидат від партії на виборах президента

- party accused
- party affiliation
- party and party costs
- party-appointed
- party at fault
- party committee
- party concerned
- party congress
- party convention
- party convicted
- party discipline
- party elite
- party expenses
- party girl
- party ideology
- party in a trial
- party in contempt
- party in controversy
- party in default
- party in delay
- party in fault
- party in interest
- party in office
- party in power
- party in the procedure
- party leader
- party list
- party litigant
- party member
- party not at fault
- party not in fault
- party of power
- party-opponent
- party opposition vote
- party opposition voting
- party rules
- party to a conflict
- party to a contract
- party to a crime
- party to a dispute
- party to a lawsuit
- party to a marriage
- party to a suit
- party to a trial
- party to agreement
- party to an accident
- party to an action
- party to be charged
- party to contract
- party to proceedings
- party to the charge
- party to the contract
- party to the convention
- party's moral stand
- party's premises

English-Ukrainian law dictionary > party
37 commissioner

noun

1) (person appointed by commission) Beauftragte, der/die; (of police) Präsident, der

2) (member of commission) Kommissions-, Ausschussmitglied, das

3) (representative of supreme authority) Kommissar, der

4)

Commissioner for Oaths — Notar, der/Notarin, die

* * *

noun (a representative of the government in a district or department.) der/die Bevollmächtigte

* * *

com·mis·sion·er

[kəˈmɪʃ^ənəʳ, AM -ɚ]

n

1. (appointed person) Beauftragte(r) f(m), Bevollmächtigte(r) f(m)

2. (member of commission) Kommissionsmitglied nt, Ausschussmitglied nt; EU EU-Kommissar m

the C\commissioners of the Inland Revenue Aufsichtsbehörde des Finanzamts

\commissioner for oaths Notar m (Anwalt, der befugt ist, Eide abzunehmen)

3. (of the police) Polizeipräsident(in) m(f)

4. (person in charge) Verantwortliche(r) f(m)

police \commissioner Polizeikommandeur m

\commissioner in charge of the London police force Polizeipräsident(in) m(f) von London

the \commissioner of Major League Baseball der/die Vorsitzende des Major League Baseball

* * *
[kə'mɪʃənə(r)]
n

1) (= member of commission) Ausschussmitglied nt

2) (of police) Polizeipräsident(in) m(f)

3) (JUR)

commissioner for oaths — Notar(in) m(f)

* * *

commissioner [kəˈmıʃnə(r)] s

1. Bevollmächtigte(r) m/f(m), Beauftragte(r) m/f(m)

2. (Regierungs)Kommissar(in)

3. besonders US Leiter(in) des Amtes (of für) (das einem Ministerium unterstellt ist):

commissioner of patents Leiter des Patentamts;

commissioner of police Polizeichef m

4. Kommissions-, Ausschussmitglied n

5. pl Regierungskommission f

6. commissioner for oaths JUR Br (etwa) Notar(in)

com. abk

1. comedy

2. comma

3. commander

4. commerce

5. commercial

6. commission

7. commissioner

8. committee

9. common

* * *

noun

1) (person appointed by commission) Beauftragte, der/die; (of police) Präsident, der

2) (member of commission) Kommissions-, Ausschussmitglied, das

3) (representative of supreme authority) Kommissar, der

4)

Commissioner for Oaths — Notar, der/Notarin, die

* * *

n.

Bevollmächtigte m.,f.

Kommissar m.

English-german dictionary > commissioner
38 Commissioner

noun

1) (person appointed by commission) Beauftragte, der/die; (of police) Präsident, der

2) (member of commission) Kommissions-, Ausschussmitglied, das

3) (representative of supreme authority) Kommissar, der

4)

Commissioner for Oaths — Notar, der/Notarin, die

* * *

noun (a representative of the government in a district or department.) der/die Bevollmächtigte

* * *

com·mis·sion·er

[kəˈmɪʃ^ənəʳ, AM -ɚ]

n

1. (appointed person) Beauftragte(r) f(m), Bevollmächtigte(r) f(m)

2. (member of commission) Kommissionsmitglied nt, Ausschussmitglied nt; EU EU-Kommissar m

the C\commissioners of the Inland Revenue Aufsichtsbehörde des Finanzamts

\commissioner for oaths Notar m (Anwalt, der befugt ist, Eide abzunehmen)

3. (of the police) Polizeipräsident(in) m(f)

4. (person in charge) Verantwortliche(r) f(m)

police \commissioner Polizeikommandeur m

\commissioner in charge of the London police force Polizeipräsident(in) m(f) von London

the \commissioner of Major League Baseball der/die Vorsitzende des Major League Baseball

* * *
[kə'mɪʃənə(r)]
n

1) (= member of commission) Ausschussmitglied nt

2) (of police) Polizeipräsident(in) m(f)

3) (JUR)

commissioner for oaths — Notar(in) m(f)

* * *

Comr abk Commissioner

* * *

noun

1) (person appointed by commission) Beauftragte, der/die; (of police) Präsident, der

2) (member of commission) Kommissions-, Ausschussmitglied, das

3) (representative of supreme authority) Kommissar, der

4)

Commissioner for Oaths — Notar, der/Notarin, die

* * *

n.

Bevollmächtigte m.,f.

Kommissar m.

English-german dictionary > Commissioner
39 committee

noun

Ausschuss, der (auch Parl.); Komitee, das

* * *
[kə'miti]
noun or noun plural

(a number of persons, selected from a larger body, to deal with some special business, eg the running of the larger body's affairs: The committee meet(s) today; ( also adjective) a committee meeting.) der Ausschuß

* * *

com·mit·tee

[kəˈmɪti, AM -ˈmɪt̬i]

n + sing/pl vb Ausschuss m, Komitee nt

C\committee of the Whole House BRIT LAW Unterhausausschuss m zur Prüfung von Gesetzesentwürfen

C\committee of Privileges LAW Ausschuss m zur Untersuchung von Privilegien

Public Accounts C\committee LAW Rechnungsprüfungsausschuss m

C\committee of Ways and Means LAW Finanzausschuss m

\committee meeting Ausschusssitzung f

\committee member Ausschussmitglied nt

select \committee Sonderausschuss m

standing \committee ständiger Ausschuss

to be [or sit] on a \committee in einem Ausschuss [o Komitee] sein [o sitzen], einem Ausschuss [o Komitee] angehören

to form [or set up] a \committee einen Ausschuss [o ein Komitee] bilden

* * *
[kə'mItɪ]
n
Ausschuss m (ALSO PARL), Komitee nt
to be or sit on a committee — in einem Ausschuss or Komitee sein or sitzen

Committee of 100 (Brit) — Komitee der Hundert

committee meeting — Ausschusssitzung f

committee member — Ausschussmitglied nt

* * *

committee [kəˈmıtı] s

1. Komitee n, Ausschuss m, Kommission f ( alle:

on für):

be ( oder sit) on a committee in einem Ausschuss sein;

standing committee ständiger Ausschuss;

go into Committee PARL in Einzelberatungen eintreten;

the House resolves itself into a Committee PARL Br das (Unter)Haus konstituiert sich als Ausschuss;

Committee of the Whole House PARL Br Plenarausschuss;

Committee of Supply PARL Br Haushaltsausschuss;

Committee of Ways and Means PARL Br Bewilligungsausschuss;

Committee stage Stadium n der Ausschussberatung (zwischen 2. und 3. Lesung eines Gesetzentwurfs);

the bill is in the Committee stage die Gesetzesvorlage liegt dem Ausschuss vor

2. [Br ˌkɒmıˈtiː] JUR obs Vormund m (eines Entmündigten)

com. abk

1. comedy

2. comma

3. commander

4. commerce

5. commercial

6. commission

7. commissioner

8. committee

9. common

comm. abk

1. commerce

2. commission

3. committee

* * *

noun

Ausschuss, der (auch Parl.); Komitee, das

* * *

n.

Ausschuss m.

Komitee -s n.

English-german dictionary > committee
40 constituency

сущ.

1) пол. избиратели, электорат (люди, обладающие правом голоса и поддерживающие того или иного кандидата)

The leader's natural constituency is the working class. — Основной электорат лидера партии — это рабочий класс.

See:

election, suffrage

2) пол. избирательный округ (территория, жители которой избирают представителя в законодательный орган)

constituency member — депутат от округа

constituency member seat — место в парламенте, депутатский мандат

constituency party — отделение (национальной) партии в (избирательном) округе

good constituency member of parliament — депутат, заботящийся о нуждах своего округа

He represents one of the northern constituencies. — Он представляет один из северных избирательных округов.

The UK is divided into 650 single-member constituencies. — Соединенное Королевство делится на 650 одномандатных округов.

Syn:

election district, electorate 2)

See:

Boundary Commission, boundary, Boundary Committee for England, Member of Parliament, deselect, Periodic Electoral Review, gerrymander, electoral ward

3) амер., разг. клиентура (покупатели, посетители магазинов, подписчики газет и журналов и т. д.)

4) амер. группа меценатов [спонсоров\] (поддерживающих развитие какого-л. проекта)

* * *

директорская группа; дирекция; представляемые страны и организации
. . Словарь экономических терминов .

Англо-русский экономический словарь > constituency

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