mūtus

mūtus, a, um, adj. [root mu-, to shut; Sanscr. mūkas, dumb; Gr. mutis, muaô; cf. Lat. mussare], dumb, mute (class.; cf.: infans, elinguis).

Lit., that does not speak, silent.—Of creatures who do not possess the faculty of speech, and can utter only inarticulate sounds:

pecudes,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8, § 24:

bestiae,

id. Fin. 1, 21, 71:

agna,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 219:

armenta,

Stat. Th. 5, 334:

animalia,

Juv. 8, 56:

satius est mutum esse quam quod nemo intellegat dicere,

Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 22:

subjugale, animal,

Vulg. 2 Pet. 2, 16:

vere dici potest, magistratum legem esse loquentem, legem autem mutum magistratum,

Cic. Leg. 3, 1, 2: papae! Jugularas hominem: quid ille? Thr. Mutus illico, he was struck speechless, was silent, could not say a word more, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 27:

ad mandata mancus est, caecus, mutus,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 45: mutum dices, you shall call me dumb, i. e. I will not say a word, id. Heaut. 4, 4, 26:

omnis pro nobis gratia muta fuit,

has not spoken a word, Ov. P. 2, 7, 52:

mutus aspectus miserorum lacrimas movet,

Quint. 6, 1, 26:

numquam vox est de te mea muta,

i. e. I have never ceased to praise thee, Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 17:

dolore lyra est,

id. H. 15, 198:

spiritus,

which makes one mute, Vulg. Marc. 9, 16; 9, 24.—Of that which utters no sound, dumb, mute, silent:

tintinnabulum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 163:

imago,

Cic. Cat. 3, 5:

mare,

the silent sea, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 69:

consonantes,

which cannot be pronounced alone, mutes, Quint. 1, 4, 6: artes, the plastic arts, arts of design, opp. to eloquence, Cic. de Or. 3, 7; also, artes, the silent arts, i. e. which do not concern themselves with language, as medicine, Verg. A. 12, 397:

scientia,

i. e. which does not impart the power of speaking, Quint. 5, 10, 119:

instrumentum fundi,

i. e. wagons, carts, Varr. R. R. 1, 17:

magistri,

i. e. books, Gell. 14, 2, 1:

lapides,

that say nothing, have no inscriptions on them, Hyg. de Lim. p. 156 Goes.: muta exta dicuntur, quibus nihil divinationis aut deorum responsi inesse animadvertunt, contra adjutoria, quae certum aliquid eventurum indicant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 157 Müll.:

simulacra muta,

dumb idols, Vulg. 1 Cor. 12, 2.—

Transf., of places where no sound is heard, silent, still:

mutum forum, elinguem curiam, tacitam et fractam civitatem videbatis,

Cic. post Red. 1, 3:

solitudo,

id. Mil. 19:

spelunca,

Stat. Ach. 1, 239.—Of times:

nullum fuit tempus, quod magis debuerit mutum esse a litteris,

in which nothing should have been written, Cic. Att. 8, 14, 1:

silentia noctis,

the deep silence of night, Ov. M. 7, 184.—Of things of which nothing is said:

mutum aevum,

not celebrated, unsung, Sil. 3, 579.—As subst.

mūtus, i, m., a dumb person, a mute (ante- and postclass): Char. Quin taces? Eut. Muto imperas, Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 26: sicut mutus, Vulg. [p. 1182] Psa. 38, 13:

aperta erit lingua mutorum,

id. Isa. 35, 6; Lact. 4, 15, 8:

mutum neque stipulari neque promittere posse palam est,

Gai. Inst. 3, 105.—

mūtum, i, n. (sc. animal), a dumb creature, brute:

separat hoc nos A grege mutorum,

Juv. 15, 143.

* * *

ENG yak, wild yak

NLD wilde jak, jak, yak

GER Yak, Wildjak

FRA yack, yack sauvage

NLD huisyak, bromrund, huisjak

ENG ptarmigan, rock ptarmigan

NLD alpensneeuwhoen

GER Alpenschneehuhn

FRA lagopede des Alpes

mūtus, a, um, adj. [root mu-, to shut; Sanscr. mūkas, dumb; Gr. mutis, muaô; cf. Lat. mussare], dumb, mute (class.; cf.: infans, elinguis).

Lit., that does not speak, silent.—Of creatures who do not possess the faculty of speech, and can utter only inarticulate sounds:

pecudes,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8, § 24:

bestiae,

id. Fin. 1, 21, 71:

agna,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 219:

armenta,

Stat. Th. 5, 334:

animalia,

Juv. 8, 56:

satius est mutum esse quam quod nemo intellegat dicere,

Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 22:

subjugale, animal,

Vulg. 2 Pet. 2, 16:

vere dici potest, magistratum legem esse loquentem, legem autem mutum magistratum,

Cic. Leg. 3, 1, 2: papae! Jugularas hominem: quid ille? Thr. Mutus illico, he was struck speechless, was silent, could not say a word more, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 27:

ad mandata mancus est, caecus, mutus,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 45: mutum dices, you shall call me dumb, i. e. I will not say a word, id. Heaut. 4, 4, 26:

omnis pro nobis gratia muta fuit,

has not spoken a word, Ov. P. 2, 7, 52:

mutus aspectus miserorum lacrimas movet,

Quint. 6, 1, 26:

numquam vox est de te mea muta,

i. e. I have never ceased to praise thee, Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 17:

dolore lyra est,

id. H. 15, 198:

spiritus,

which makes one mute, Vulg. Marc. 9, 16; 9, 24.—Of that which utters no sound, dumb, mute, silent:

tintinnabulum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 163:

imago,

Cic. Cat. 3, 5:

mare,

the silent sea, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 69:

consonantes,

which cannot be pronounced alone, mutes, Quint. 1, 4, 6: artes, the plastic arts, arts of design, opp. to eloquence, Cic. de Or. 3, 7; also, artes, the silent arts, i. e. which do not concern themselves with language, as medicine, Verg. A. 12, 397:

scientia,

i. e. which does not impart the power of speaking, Quint. 5, 10, 119:

instrumentum fundi,

i. e. wagons, carts, Varr. R. R. 1, 17:

magistri,

i. e. books, Gell. 14, 2, 1:

lapides,

that say nothing, have no inscriptions on them, Hyg. de Lim. p. 156 Goes.: muta exta dicuntur, quibus nihil divinationis aut deorum responsi inesse animadvertunt, contra adjutoria, quae certum aliquid eventurum indicant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 157 Müll.:

simulacra muta,

dumb idols, Vulg. 1 Cor. 12, 2.—

Transf., of places where no sound is heard, silent, still:

mutum forum, elinguem curiam, tacitam et fractam civitatem videbatis,

Cic. post Red. 1, 3:

solitudo,

id. Mil. 19:

spelunca,

Stat. Ach. 1, 239.—Of times:

nullum fuit tempus, quod magis debuerit mutum esse a litteris,

in which nothing should have been written, Cic. Att. 8, 14, 1:

silentia noctis,

the deep silence of night, Ov. M. 7, 184.—Of things of which nothing is said:

mutum aevum,

not celebrated, unsung, Sil. 3, 579.—As subst.

mūtus, i, m., a dumb person, a mute (ante- and postclass): Char. Quin taces? Eut. Muto imperas, Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 26: sicut mutus, Vulg. [p. 1182] Psa. 38, 13:

aperta erit lingua mutorum,

id. Isa. 35, 6; Lact. 4, 15, 8:

mutum neque stipulari neque promittere posse palam est,

Gai. Inst. 3, 105.—

mūtum, i, n. (sc. animal), a dumb creature, brute:

separat hoc nos A grege mutorum,

Juv. 15, 143.

ē-linguis, e, adj. [lingua].

Lit., deprived of a tongue, Aus. Ep. 23, 14; Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 6, 15.—

Transf.

In gen., speechless, Cic. Fl. 10, 22; Liv. 10, 19 (with mutus); id. post Red. 3, 7 (with mutus and tacitus); Gell. 5, 1, 9.—

Pregn., without eloquence, Cic. Brut. 26, 100; Cels. praef. med.; Tac. Or. 36 fin. (opp. disertus).

mancus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. man-āk, little; cf. Germ. mangeln], maimed, infirm (class.).

Lit., in a limb or member, esp. in the hand:

sciendum, scaevam non esse morbosum, praeterquam si, imbecillitate dextrae, validius sinistra utatur: sed hunc non scaevam, sed mancum esse dicimus,

Dig. 21, 1, 12:

mancus et membris omnibus captus ac debilis,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

ad mandata claudus, caecus, mutus, mancus, debilis,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 45:

mancorum ac debilium dux,

Liv. 7, 13; Ov. F. 3, 825:

tamquam mancus et exstinctae corpus non utile dextrae,

Juv. 3, 48.—

Trop., infirm, defective, imperfect (rare but class.):

virtus,

Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 30:

ac debilis praetura,

id. Mil. 9, 25:

contemplatio naturae,

id. Off. 1, 43, 153:

fortuna,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 88.—With abl.:

talibus officiis prope mancus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 21.—In neutr adverb.: error mancum claudicat, Prud. steph. 2, 23.

musso, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. (depon. collat. form: discumbimus mussati, Varr. ap. Non. 249, 10) [root mu-, shut; Sanscr. mūkas, dumb; Gr. muaô, muôps; cf. mustêrion; Lat. mutus], to say in a low tone, to mutter, murmur; to be silent respecting a thing (not in Cic. or Cæs.; syn.: mutio, murmuro).

Lit.: mussare murmurare. Ennius: in occulto mussabant. Vulgo vero pro tacere dicitur, ut idem Ennius: non decet mussare bonos, Paul. ex Fest. p. 144 Müll. (cf. Ann. v. 185; 348; 426;

Trag. v. 432 Vahl.): soli Aetoli id decretum clam mussantes carpebant,

Liv. 33, 31:

flent maesti mussantque patres,

Verg. A. 11, 454; Anthol. Lat. 1, 170, 108: aequum non est occultum id haberi, neque per metum mussari, to bear or brook in silence, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 12: egomet mecum mussito: Bona [p. 1180] mea inhiant, id. Mil. 3, 1, 118:

quidquid est, mussitabo potius quam inteream,

keep it to myself, id. ib. 2, 3, 40:

ergo si sapis, mussitabis,

id. ib. 2, 5, 67.— Poet., of bees, to murmur, hum, Verg. G. 4, 188.—

Transf., to be afraid to say or do any thing, to be in fear or uncertainty:

mussat rex ipse Latinus, Quos generos vocet,

i. e. deliberates in silence, Verg. A. 12, 657:

dicere mussant,

id. ib. 11, 345:

medici,

Plin. Ep. 7, 1:

juvencae,

are silent, expect in silence, Verg. A. 12, 718.

sīdus, ĕris, n. [cf. Sanscr. svid, to sweat, melt; Gr. sidêros (molten) iron; Lat. sudo].

Stars united in a figure, a group of stars, a constellation (and hence mostly plur.;

only so ap. Cic., Cæs., and Quint.): sunt stellae quidem singulares, ut erraticae quinque et ceterae, quae non admixtae aliis solae feruntur: sidera vero, quae in aliquod signum stellarum plurium compositione formantur, ut Aries, Taurus, Andromeda, Perseus, vel Corona et quaecumque variarum genera formarum in caelum recepta creduntur. Sic et apud Graecos aster et astron diversa significant et aster stella una est, astron signum stellis coactum, quod nos sidus vocamus,

Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 14 med.

Plur.:

illi sempiterni ignes, quae sidera et stellas vocatis,

Cic. Rep. 6, 15, 15:

signis sideribusque caelestibus,

id. N. D. 1, 13, 35:

circuitus solis et lunae reliquorumque siderum,

id. ib. 2, 62, 155; cf.:

solem lunamque praecipua siderum,

Quint. 2, 16, 6; and:

in sole sidera ipsa desinunt cerni,

id. 8, 5, 29:

siderum regina bicornis Luna,

Hor. C. S. 35:

Arcturi sidera,

Verg. G. 1, 204:

solis, i. e. sol,

Ov. M. 14, 172:

sidera, quae vocantur errantia,

Cic. Div. 2, 42, 89; so,

errantia,

Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 32:

siderum motus,

Cic. Rep. 3, 2, 3; id. Lael. 23, 88:

sidera viderit innumerabilia,

id. Tusc. 5, 24, 69; id. Fin. 2, 31, 102; id. N. D. 2, 15, 39 et saep.; * Caes. B. G. 6, 14 fin.; Quint. 1, 4, 4; 2, 17, 38; 12, 11, 10 al.; Lucr. 1, 231; 1, 788; 1, 1065:

candida,

id. 5, 1210:

alta,

Verg. A. 3, 619:

surgentia,

id. ib. 6, 850:

radiantia,

Ov. M. 7, 325:

turbata,

Stat. Th. 12, 406 al.:

lucida,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 2; 3, 1, 32; id. Epod. 3, 15; 5, 45; 17, 5.—

Sing., a heavenly body, a star; and collect., a group of stars, a constellation:

clarum Tyndaridae sidus,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 31:

fervidum,

Sirius, id. Epod. 1, 27;

nivosum sidus Pleiadum,

Stat. S. 1, 1, 95:

insana Caprae sidera,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 6:

Baccho placuisse coronam, Ex Ariadnaeo sidere nosse potes,

Ov. F. 5, 346;

so of the constellation Arcturus,

Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 311 (for which, in the plur.:

Arcturi sidera,

Verg. G. 1, 204); of Capella, Ov. M. 3, 594; of the Vergiliae, Liv. 21, 35, 6; Curt. 5, 6, 12; of Saturn, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 32 sq.; Juv. 6, 569; of Venus, Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 36; Luc. 1, 661; of the Moon:

sidus lunae,

Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 41; of the Sun:

calidi sideris aestu,

Tib. 2, 1, 47:

aetherium,

Ov. M. 1, 424; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:

solstitiale,

Just. 13, 7 fin.; cf.: sidus utrumque, for the rising and setting sun, Petr. poët. 119, 2; and also for the sun and moon, Plin. 2, 13, 10, §§ 56 and 57.— Poet., collect.:

nec sidus fefellit,

i. e. through ignorance, Verg. A. 7, 215.—

Transf. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

The sky, the heavens, = caelum. (Juppiter) terram, mare, sidera movit, Ov. M. 1, 180: (Hercules) flammis ad sidera missus, Juv.11,63; cf.:

abrupto sidere nimbus It,

Verg. A. 12, 451:

sidera observare,

Curt. 7, 4, 28.—

Like caelum, to denote a very great height:

Pyramidum sumptus ad sidera ducti,

Prop. 3, 2 (4, 1), 17:

evertunt actas ad sidera pinus,

Verg. A. 11, 136; cf. Juv. 11, 63:

ad sidera Erigitur,

Verg. A. 9, 239:

aves, quas naturalis levitas ageret ad sidera,

Curt. 4, 5, 3:

domus quae vertice sidera pulsat,

Mart. 8, 36, 11; 9, 62, 10; Verg. G. 2, 427; id. A. 3, 243; id. E. 5, 62 al.—

Trop. (also like caelum), as the summit or height of fame, fortune, success, etc.:

quodsi me lyricis vatibus inseris, Sublimi feriam sidera vertice,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 36:

vertice sidera tangere,

Ov. M. 7, 61; cf.:

tuum nomen... Cantantes sublime ferent ad sidera cygni,

Verg. E. 9, 29:

usque ad sidera notus,

id. ib. 5, 43: contingere sidera plantis, to walk upon the stars (like the gods) (of one exceedingly fortunate), Prop. 1, 8, 43 (1, 8 b, 17); cf.:

celerique fugā sub sidera lapsae,

Verg. A. 3, 243.—

For night:

exactis sideribus,

Prop. 1, 3, 38:

sidera producere ludo,

Stat. Th. 8, 219; cf.:

sideribus dubiis,

at dawn, Juv. 5, 22.—

A star, as a comparison for any thing bright, brilliant, shining, beautiful, etc. (syn.:

stella, astrum): oculi, geminae, sidera nostra, faces,

Prop. 2, 3, 14;

so of the eyes,

Ov. Am. 2, 16, 44; 3, 3, 9; id. M. 1, 499:

sidere pulchrior Ille,

Hor. C. 3, 9, 21; cf. id. ib. 1, 12, 47;

of form, beauty,

Stat. S. 3, 4, 26; Val. Fl. 5, 468.—

Concr., ornament, pride, glory:

o sidus Fabiae, Maxime, gentis ades,

Ov. P. 3, 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 4, 6, 9;

Col. poët, 10, 96: puerum egregiae praeclarum sidere formae,

Stat. S. 3, 4, 26:

Macedoniae columen ac sidus,

Curt. 9, 6, 8.—As a term of endearment, my star, Suet. Calig. 13 fin.; Hor. Epod. 17, 41.—

Season of the year:

quo sidere terram Vertere Conveniat,

Verg. G. 1, 1; cf.:

hiberno moliris sidere classem?

id. A. 4, 309:

sidere aequinoctii quo maxime tumescit Oceanus,

Tac. A. 1, 70; cf.:

brumale sidus,

Ov. P. 2, 4, 25:

sidere flagrante brumali,

Amm. 27, 12, 12.—

Climate, weather, etc.:

ut patrios fontes patriumque sidus ferre consuevisti,

Plin. Pan. 15, 3; so,

sub nostro sidere,

Juv. 12, 103:

tot inhospita saxa Sideraque emensae,

i.e. regions, Verg. A. 5, 628:

grave sidus et imbrem vitare,

tempest, storm, Ov. M. 5, 281:

triste Minervae (raised by Minerva),

Verg. A. 11, 260.—Colloquially, with confectus: intellegitur sidus confectum, i. e. that the weather ( occasioned by a constellation) is ended, Plin. 16, 23, 36, § 87; 18, 25, 57, § 207:

fertur in abruptum casu, non sidere, puppis,

Claud. in Eutr. 2, 424.—

With allusion to the influence which the ancients believed the constellations to have upon the health or the destiny of men, star, destiny, etc.:

pestifero sidere icti,

Liv. 8, 9, 12: sidere afflari, to be blasted or palsied by a constellation, to be planet-struck or sunstruck, astroboleisthai, Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 108; Petr. 2, 7; cf.:

sidere percussa lingua,

Mart. 11, 85, 1:

subito fias ut sidere mutus,

id. 7, 92, 9;

v. sideror and sideratio: sidera natalicia,

Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91; cf.:

o sidere dextro Edite,

Stat. S. 3, 4, 63:

adveniet fausto cum sidere conjux,

Cat. 64, 330:

vivere duro sidere,

Prop. 1, 6, 36:

grave sidus,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 45 Jahn:

per alias civitates ut sidus salutare susciperetur,

as arbiter of their destiny, Amm. 21, 10, 2.