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  • 21 vivir

    v.
    1 to live, to live on.
    vivió noventa años she lived for ninety years
    alcanzar o dar para vivir to be enough to live on (sujeto: sueldo, pensión)
    vivir de to live on o off
    vivir para algo/alguien to live for something/somebody
    no dejar vivir a alguien not to give somebody any peace
    ¿quién vive? who goes there?
    vivir para ver who'd have thought it?
    Vivir la vida Enjoy life.
    2 to be alive (estar vivo).
    todavía vive he's still alive
    3 to live through.
    he vivido momentos difíciles I've gone through o had some difficult times
    4 to keep on, to keep all the time.
    Ella vive trabajando She keeps working all the time [keeps on working].
    He keeps working all the time [keeps on working] Él vive trabajando.
    5 to enjoy.
    Vivir la vida Enjoy life.
    * * *
    1 (tener vida) to live; (estar vivo) to be alive
    ■ ¿vive aún? is she still alive?
    2 (habitar) to live
    3 (mantenerse) to live, live on, make a living
    4 figurado (durar) to last, live on
    1 (pasar por, experimentar) to live through, go through, experience
    1 living, life
    \
    hay que seguir viviendo life must go on
    ir viviendo to get by, manage
    no dejar vivir a alguien figurado to give somebody a hard time
    saber vivir to enjoy life
    viven de milagro figurado it's a wonder they're still alive
    vivir a cuerpo de rey figurado to live like a king
    vivir a lo grande familiar to live it up, live in style
    vivir de to live on
    vivir de ilusiones to live in a dream world
    vivir de sus ahorros to live off one's savings
    vivir del aire figurado to live on fresh air
    vivir del cuento familiar not to know what hard work is, never to have earned an honest penny
    ¡viva el rey! long live the king!
    ¡vivan los novios! three cheers for the bride and groom!
    y vivieron felices y comieron perdices and they all lived happily ever after
    vivir para algo to live for something
    ■ vive para la música he lives for music, music is his whole life
    gente de mal vivir shady characters
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VI
    1) (=estar vivo) to live

    los elefantes viven muchos años — elephants live long lives, elephants live for many years

    • todavía vive — he's still alive

    2) (=pasar la vida) to live

    solo vive para la música — music is her whole life, she only lives for music

    • vivir bien — to live well

    en este país se vive bien — people live well in this country, people have a good life in this country

    cuerpo 1), Dios 2)
    3) (=disfrutar de la vida)

    • no dejar vivir a algn, su marido no la deja vivir — her husband is always on at her *, her husband doesn't give her a moment's peace

    • saber vivir — to know how to live

    4) (=habitar) to live

    ¿vives sola? — do you live on your own?

    • viven juntos — (como pareja) they live together; (compartiendo casa) they live together, they share a house (together)

    5) (=subsistir)

    la fotografía no me da para vivir — I can't make o earn a living from photography, photography doesn't give me enough to live on

    • vivir de algo — to live on sth

    • vivir al día — to live from day to day

    • vivir de la pluma — to live by one's pen

    • vivir de las rentas — (lit) to have a private income

    aire 1)
    6) (=durar) [recuerdo] to live, live on; [prenda, objeto] to last

    su recuerdo siempre vivirá en nuestra memoria — his memory will always be with us, his memory will live on in our minds

    7) (Mil)

    ¿quién vive? — who goes there?

    ¡viva! — hurray!

    ¡viva el rey! — long live the king!

    ¡vivan los novios! — (here's) to the bride and groom!

    2. VT
    1) (=experimentar) [+ guerra, periodo difícil] to live through, go through
    2) (=sentir) to experience

    parece que estoy viviendo ese momento otra vez — it's as if I were o was experiencing that moment all over again

    3.
    SM (=forma de vida) (way of) life

    • de mal vivir, una mujer de mal vivir — a loose woman

    * * *
    I
    masculino (way of) life

    de mal vivir: una mujer de mal vivir a loose woman; es gente de mal vivir — they are all undesirable characters

    II 1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) ( estar vivo) to be alive

    ¿quién vive? — (Mil) who goes there?

    2)

    vivir para algo/alguien — to live for something/somebody

    no dejar vivir a alguien: los dolores de cabeza no la dejan vivir the headaches are making her life a misery; este niño no me deja vivir this child doesn't give me a moment's peace; vivir para ver! who would believe o credit it!; vive y deja vivir — live and let live

    b) ( gozar de la vida) to live
    3) ( subsistir)
    4) ( residir) to live

    vive solo — he lives alone o on his own

    5) (como interj)
    2.
    vivir vt
    a) ( pasar por)
    b) <personaje/música> to live
    c) < vida> to live
    * * *
    = live, dwell, board.
    Ex. This is a story about a thirteen-year-old boy who lives in New York and is so often the victim of street bullies that he hides in the subway, where he manages to make a home for himself.
    Ex. He will dwell in the church that is built by martyrs fighting for justice, by children starving of hunger, by mothers and fathers walking the streets of misery.
    Ex. When she first arrived she was boarding with friends until she found a place to rent.
    ----
    * alegría de vivir = joie de vivre.
    * aprender a vivir con Algo = learn + to live with + Nombre.
    * arte de vivir, el = art of living, the.
    * cambiar de forma de vivir = turn + Posesivo + life around.
    * ciudad donde viven principalmente jubilados = retirement town.
    * como vivir en un escaparate = like being in a (gold)fish bowl.
    * continuar viviendo = live on.
    * convivir = coexist [co-exist].
    * de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.
    * de mal vivir = disreputable.
    * derecho a vivir = right to live.
    * dicha de vivir = joie de vivre.
    * en un sinvivir = on tenterhooks.
    * estar sin vivir = be worried stiff (about), be worried sick.
    * seguir viviendo = live on.
    * sólo se vive una vez = you only live once.
    * vive y deja vivir = live and let live.
    * vivir acomodadamente = live off + the fat of the land.
    * vivir a cuerpo de rey = live like + a king, live in + the lap of luxury.
    * vivir al borde de la pobreza = live on + the poverty line.
    * vivir al margen de = live on + the fringes of.
    * vivir amancebados = live in + sin.
    * vivir asustado = live in + fear.
    * vivir atemorizado = live in + fear.
    * vivir cerca = live + locally.
    * vivir como un rey = live like + a king.
    * vivir con = live with.
    * vivir con la conciencia limpia = live with + a clear conscience.
    * vivir con la conciencia tranquila = live with + a clear conscience.
    * vivir con lo justo = live on + a shoestring (budget).
    * vivir con lo mínimo = live on + a shoestring (budget).
    * vivir con lo puesto = live on + a shoestring (budget).
    * vivir con miedo = live in + fear.
    * vivir de = live off, live on.
    * vivir de acuerdo con + Posesivo + ideales = live up to + Posesivo + ideals.
    * vivir de las rentas = live off + the fat of the land.
    * vivir de la tierra = live off + the land.
    * vivir del campo = live off + the land.
    * vivir del cuento = live off + the fat of the land.
    * vivir de nuevo = relive.
    * vivir de prestado = live on + borrowed time.
    * vivir despreocupadamente = coast along, live without + worries.
    * vivir en = live in.
    * vivir en (el) pecado = live in + sin.
    * vivir en el umbral de la pobreza = live on + the poverty line.
    * vivir en la calle = take to + the road.
    * vivir en la localidad = live + locally.
    * vivir en la miseria = live in + squalor, walk + the streets of misery, live in + penury.
    * vivir en la penuria = live in + penury.
    * vivir en la pobreza = walk + the streets of misery.
    * vivir en las nubes = be in cloud cuckoo land, live in + cloud cuckoo land.
    * vivir en libertad = live in + freedom.
    * vivir en otro mundo = live in + cloud cuckoo land.
    * vivir en paz = live in + peace.
    * vivir en un mundo aparte = inhabit + a world of + Posesivo + own.
    * vivir feliz = live + happily.
    * vivir felizmente = live + happily.
    * vivir intensamente = live + life to the full.
    * vivir la vida al máximo = live + life to the full.
    * vivir mundo = see + life, see + the world.
    * vivir peligrosamente = live + dangerously, live + dangerously close to the edge.
    * vivir pendiendo de un hilo = live on + the line.
    * vivir siempre pendiente de la hora = live by + the clock.
    * vivir sin = live without.
    * vivir sin dar golpe = live off + the fat of the land.
    * vivir sin preocupaciones = live without + worries.
    * volver a vivir = relive.
    * * *
    I
    masculino (way of) life

    de mal vivir: una mujer de mal vivir a loose woman; es gente de mal vivir — they are all undesirable characters

    II 1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) ( estar vivo) to be alive

    ¿quién vive? — (Mil) who goes there?

    2)

    vivir para algo/alguien — to live for something/somebody

    no dejar vivir a alguien: los dolores de cabeza no la dejan vivir the headaches are making her life a misery; este niño no me deja vivir this child doesn't give me a moment's peace; vivir para ver! who would believe o credit it!; vive y deja vivir — live and let live

    b) ( gozar de la vida) to live
    3) ( subsistir)
    4) ( residir) to live

    vive solo — he lives alone o on his own

    5) (como interj)
    2.
    vivir vt
    a) ( pasar por)
    b) <personaje/música> to live
    c) < vida> to live
    * * *
    = live, dwell, board.

    Ex: This is a story about a thirteen-year-old boy who lives in New York and is so often the victim of street bullies that he hides in the subway, where he manages to make a home for himself.

    Ex: He will dwell in the church that is built by martyrs fighting for justice, by children starving of hunger, by mothers and fathers walking the streets of misery.
    Ex: When she first arrived she was boarding with friends until she found a place to rent.
    * alegría de vivir = joie de vivre.
    * aprender a vivir con Algo = learn + to live with + Nombre.
    * arte de vivir, el = art of living, the.
    * cambiar de forma de vivir = turn + Posesivo + life around.
    * ciudad donde viven principalmente jubilados = retirement town.
    * como vivir en un escaparate = like being in a (gold)fish bowl.
    * continuar viviendo = live on.
    * convivir = coexist [co-exist].
    * de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.
    * de mal vivir = disreputable.
    * derecho a vivir = right to live.
    * dicha de vivir = joie de vivre.
    * en un sinvivir = on tenterhooks.
    * estar sin vivir = be worried stiff (about), be worried sick.
    * seguir viviendo = live on.
    * sólo se vive una vez = you only live once.
    * vive y deja vivir = live and let live.
    * vivir acomodadamente = live off + the fat of the land.
    * vivir a cuerpo de rey = live like + a king, live in + the lap of luxury.
    * vivir al borde de la pobreza = live on + the poverty line.
    * vivir al margen de = live on + the fringes of.
    * vivir amancebados = live in + sin.
    * vivir asustado = live in + fear.
    * vivir atemorizado = live in + fear.
    * vivir cerca = live + locally.
    * vivir como un rey = live like + a king.
    * vivir con = live with.
    * vivir con la conciencia limpia = live with + a clear conscience.
    * vivir con la conciencia tranquila = live with + a clear conscience.
    * vivir con lo justo = live on + a shoestring (budget).
    * vivir con lo mínimo = live on + a shoestring (budget).
    * vivir con lo puesto = live on + a shoestring (budget).
    * vivir con miedo = live in + fear.
    * vivir de = live off, live on.
    * vivir de acuerdo con + Posesivo + ideales = live up to + Posesivo + ideals.
    * vivir de las rentas = live off + the fat of the land.
    * vivir de la tierra = live off + the land.
    * vivir del campo = live off + the land.
    * vivir del cuento = live off + the fat of the land.
    * vivir de nuevo = relive.
    * vivir de prestado = live on + borrowed time.
    * vivir despreocupadamente = coast along, live without + worries.
    * vivir en = live in.
    * vivir en (el) pecado = live in + sin.
    * vivir en el umbral de la pobreza = live on + the poverty line.
    * vivir en la calle = take to + the road.
    * vivir en la localidad = live + locally.
    * vivir en la miseria = live in + squalor, walk + the streets of misery, live in + penury.
    * vivir en la penuria = live in + penury.
    * vivir en la pobreza = walk + the streets of misery.
    * vivir en las nubes = be in cloud cuckoo land, live in + cloud cuckoo land.
    * vivir en libertad = live in + freedom.
    * vivir en otro mundo = live in + cloud cuckoo land.
    * vivir en paz = live in + peace.
    * vivir en un mundo aparte = inhabit + a world of + Posesivo + own.
    * vivir feliz = live + happily.
    * vivir felizmente = live + happily.
    * vivir intensamente = live + life to the full.
    * vivir la vida al máximo = live + life to the full.
    * vivir mundo = see + life, see + the world.
    * vivir peligrosamente = live + dangerously, live + dangerously close to the edge.
    * vivir pendiendo de un hilo = live on + the line.
    * vivir siempre pendiente de la hora = live by + the clock.
    * vivir sin = live without.
    * vivir sin dar golpe = live off + the fat of the land.
    * vivir sin preocupaciones = live without + worries.
    * volver a vivir = relive.

    * * *
    life, way of life
    de mal vivir: una mujer de mal vivir a loose woman
    se juntó con gente de mal vivir he took up with some lowlife o with some shady characters o with some undesirable characters ( colloq)
    vivir2 [I1 ]
    vi
    A (estar vivo) to be alive
    ¿tu abuelo todavía vive? is your grandfather still alive?
    su recuerdo vivirá siempre entre nosotros his memory will live for ever among us
    ¿quién vive? ( Mil) who goes there?
    B
    1
    (pasar la vida): vive ilusionada pensando que él volverá she spends her life dreaming that he'll come back
    sólo vive para la danza she lives for dancing, dancing is her whole life
    no me deja vivir tranquila or en paz he won't leave me alone o let me be
    ¡vivir para ver! who would believe o credit it!
    vive y deja vivir live and let live
    ¡tú sí que sabes vivir! you certainly know how to live!
    siempre ha cuidado a su padre, realmente no ha vivido she has always looked after her father, she hasn't really had a life of her own
    C
    (subsistir): la pintura no da para vivir you can't make a living from painting
    viven con honradez they make an honest living
    vive por encima de sus posibilidades she is living beyond her means
    con ese sueldo no le llega para vivir that salary isn't enough (for him) to live on, he can't make ends meet on that salary
    vivir DE algo to live ON sth
    no sé de qué viven I don't know what they live on
    vive de las rentas he lives on the income from his property ( o shares etc), he has a private income ( dated)
    viven de la caridad they live on charity
    viven de la pesca they live from o by fishing, they make their living from o by fishing
    no puedes seguir viviendo de ilusiones you can't go on living a dream
    D (residir) to live
    viven en el campo they live in the country
    hace tres años que vive en Rancagua she's lived in Rancagua for three years, she's been living in Rancagua for three years
    vive solo he lives alone o on his own
    ¡viva el Rey! long live the King!
    ¡vivan los novios! three cheers for the bride and groom!
    mañana no habrá clase — ¡viva! there will be no lessons tomorrow — hurray!
    ■ vivir
    vt
    1
    (pasar por): vivimos momentos difíciles we're living in difficult times, these are difficult times we're living in
    los que vivimos la guerra those of us who lived through the war
    el país ha vivido otra semana de violentos enfrentamientos the country has seen o experienced another week of violent clashes
    2 ‹papel/música› to live
    3 ‹vida› to live
    * * *

     

    vivir ( conjugate vivir) verbo intransitivo
    1 ( en general) to live;
    ◊ vive solo he lives alone o on his own;

    vivir para algo/algn to live for sth/sb;
    vivir en paz to live in peace;
    la pintura no da para vivir you can't make a living from painting;
    el sueldo no le alcanza para vivir his salary isn't enough (for him) to live on;
    vivir de algo ‹ de la caridad› to live on sth;

    ‹del arte/de la pesca› to make a living from sth;
    ver tb
    ◊ renta

    2 ( estar vivo) to be alive
    3 ( como interj):
    ◊ ¡viva el Rey! long live the King!;

    ¡vivan los novios! three cheers for the bride and groom!;
    ¡viva! hurray!
    verbo transitivo
    a) ( pasar por):


    los que vivimos la guerra those of us who lived through the war
    b) ‹personaje/música› to live

    c) ‹ vida› to live

    vivir
    I verbo intransitivo
    1 (tener vida) to live: vivió ochenta años, she lived to be eighty
    ¡aún vive!, he's still alive!
    2 (estar residiendo) to live: viven en Australia, they live in Australia
    3 (en la memoria) su recuerdo aún vive en nosotros, our memories of him still live on
    4 (subsistir) no es suficiente para vivir, it's not enough to live on
    esa gente vive de la caza, those people live from o by hunting
    5 (convivir) viven juntos desde hace muchos años, they've been living together for years
    II vtr (pasar una experiencia) to live through
    III sustantivo masculino
    1 life, living
    2 (una persona) de mal vivir, loose, disreputable
    ♦ Locuciones: dejar vivir a alguien, (no molestar) vive y deja vivir, live and let live; familiar no vivir alguien, (preocupación, angustia) desde que tiene esa grave enfermedad, sus padres no viven, his parents have been in a state of anxiety since he's had this serious illness; familiar vivir la vida alguien, (libertad, ociosidad) ha acabado la carrera y ahora se dedica a vivir la vida, now he's finished his university studies he's going to enjoy life
    ' vivir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    bien
    - compensar
    - cuento
    - esencial
    - hacer
    - invitar
    - lema
    - momento
    - ni
    - obligar
    - pachá
    - pareja
    - parejo
    - poblar
    - renta
    - salto
    - sopa
    - vida
    - barato
    - caridad
    - desahogo
    - holgura
    - incómodo
    - junto
    - justo
    - mujer
    - paz
    - plenitud
    - sí
    - siempre
    English:
    board
    - bread line
    - day
    - drawback
    - dread
    - freewheel
    - hang out
    - inexpensively
    - land
    - leave behind
    - live
    - live in
    - live off
    - live through
    - outskirts
    - previous
    - pros and cons
    - reside
    - rough
    - scrounge
    - shack up
    - simply
    - sponge off
    - sponge on
    - stay
    - stick
    - style
    - beyond
    - boom
    - bread
    - downtown
    - dwell
    - fringe
    - inhabit
    - living
    - lodging
    - man
    - move
    - other
    - sleep
    - subsistence
    - survive
    - will
    * * *
    ♦ vi
    1. [tener vida, existir] to live;
    vivió noventa años she lived for ninety years;
    vivir para algo/alguien to live for sth/sb;
    sólo vive para trabajar/para su hija she only lives for her work/for her daughter;
    ¡esto no es vivir! this is no way to live!, this is no sort of a life!;
    no dejar vivir a alguien not to give sb any peace;
    su recuerdo vivirá eternamente his memory will live forever;
    vivir bien [en armonía] to be happy;
    ¿quién vive? who goes there?;
    vivir para ver who'd have thought it?
    2. [estar vivo] to be alive;
    todavía vive she's still alive or living;
    su padre ya no vive her father is no longer alive
    3. [residir] to live;
    ¿dónde vives? where do you live?;
    vivo con mis padres I live with my parents;
    vivo en un apartamento con más gente I share an apartment or Br a flat;
    en el tercero no vive nadie the third floor is unoccupied;
    vivir solo to live alone o on one's own;
    viven en pareja they live together
    4. [subsistir]
    cada día es o [m5] está más difícil vivir it's harder and harder to get by these days;
    vivir bien [económicamente] to live well;
    alcanzar o [m5] dar para vivir [sueldo, pensión] to be enough to live on;
    con lo que saco de las clases no me alcanza para vivir what I earn from teaching isn't enough for me to live on o isn't enough to make ends meet;
    ¿da para vivir esto de la pintura? can you make a living from painting?;
    vivir de to live on;
    viven de un solo sueldo/de lo que les da el Estado they live off a single income/off the state;
    viven de la agricultura they make their living from farming
    ♦ vt
    1. [experimentar] to experience, to live through;
    vivió la guerra he lived through the war;
    he vivido momentos difíciles I've gone through o had some difficult times;
    se vivieron momentos de tensión en las gradas there were some moments of tension on the terraces
    2. [sentir] to live;
    cuando se pone a bailar se nota que lo vive you can tell she really lives it when she's dancing
    ♦ nm
    es un amante del buen vivir he enjoys the good life
    * * *
    I v/t live through, experience
    II v/i live;
    vivir de algo live on sth;
    no tienen con qué vivir they don’t have enough to live on;
    vivir al día live from day to day;
    irse a vivir a go to live in;
    no dejar vivir a alguien fig not let s.o. breathe;
    ¡vivir para ver! who would have believed it!;
    ¿quién vive? who goes there?;
    ¡viva la república! - ¡viva! long live the republic! - hurrah!
    III m way of life
    * * *
    vivir vi
    1) : to live, to be alive
    2) subsistir: to subsist, to make a living
    3) residir: to reside
    4) : to spend one's life
    vive para trabajar: she lives to work
    5)
    vivir de : to live on
    vivir vt
    1) : to live
    vivir su vida: to live one's life
    2) experimentar: to go through, to experience
    vivir nm
    1) : life, lifestyle
    2)
    de mal vivir : disreputable
    * * *
    vivir vb
    1. (residir) to live
    ¿dónde vives? where do you live?
    2. (tener vida) to be alive
    3. (mantenerse) to live

    Spanish-English dictionary > vivir

  • 22 классы отходов

    1. waste classes

     

    классы отходов
    При построении системы классификации были приняты во внимание вопросы, которые представляются наиболее важными с точки зрения безопасности захоронения. В настоящее время исследуется ряд проблем, связанных с классификацией отходов. Иногда, например, в национальных системах классификации используются другие классы, которые указаны ниже (в квадратных скобках); эти классы приведены здесь с целью показать, как они в типичном случае соотносятся с классами, указанными в [45]. В других системах отходы классифицируются на основе других принципов, например, по их происхождению (отходы от эксплуатации реактора, отходы переработки, отходы, образующиеся в процессе снятия с эксплуатации, и оборонные отходы). Высокоактивные отходы (ВАО) {high level waste (HLW)} - радиоактивная жидкость, содержащая большую часть продуктов деления и актинидов, присутствующих в отработавшем топливе, которая представляет собой остаток от первого цикла экстракции растворителем в процессе переработки, и некоторые связанные с этим потоки отходов; такой материал, образующийся после отверждения; отработавшее топливо (если оно заявляется в качестве отходов); или любые другие отходы с аналогичными радиологическими характеристиками. Типичные характеристики высокоактивных отходов – это теплотворная способность свыше примерно 2 кВт/м3 и концентрации долгоживущих радионуклидов, превышающие ограничения для короткоживущих отходов [45]. Долгоживущие отходы {long lived waste} - радиоактивные отходы, которые содержат значительные уровни радионуклидов с периодом полураспада более 30 лет. Типичные характеристики – это концентрации долгоживущих радионуклидов, превышающие ограничения для короткоживущих отходов [45]. Короткоживущие отходы {short lived waste} - радиоактивные отходы, которые не содержат значительных уровней радионуклидов с периодом полураспада более 30 лет. Типичные характеристики – это ограниченные концентрации долгоживущих радионуклидов (ограничение долгоживущих радионуклидов до 4000 Бк/г в отдельных упаковках отходов и до общего среднего значения 400 Бк/г на упаковку отходов); см. пункты 324 и 325 в [45]. Низкоактивные отходы (НАО) {[low level waste (LLW)]} - см. низко- и среднеактивные отходы (НСАО). Низко- и среднеактивные отходы (НСАО) {low and intermediate level waste (LILW)} - радиоактивные отходы с радиологическими характеристиками, которыми обладают отходы в диапазоне от отходов, на которые распространяется изъятие, до высокоактивных отходов. Они могут быть долгоживущими отходами (НСАО-ДЖ) или короткоживущими отходами (НСАО-КЖ). Типичные характеристики низко- и среднеактивных отходов – это уровни активности выше уровней освобождения от контроля и теплотворная способность ниже приблизительно 2 кВт/м3 [45]. Многие государства подразделяют этот класс по другой схеме, например, на низкоактивные отходы (НАО) {low level waste (LLW)} и среднеактивные отходы (САО) {intermediate level waste (ILW)} или отходы средней активности (ОСА) {medium level waste (MLW)}, часто на основе критериев приемлемости отходов для приповерхностных хранилищ. Эти термины не следует употреблять в публикациях МАГАТЭ без прямо сформулированных определений для целей конкретной публикации. Отходы, на которые распространяется изъятие {exempt waste} - см. отходы. Отходы средней активности (ОСА) {[medium level waste (MLW)]} - см. низко- и среднеактивные отходы (НСАО). Очень низкоактивные отходы (ОНАО) {very low level waste (VLLW)} - радиоактивные отходы, которые регулирующий орган определяет пригодными для разрешенного захоронения при соблюдении определенных условий вместе с обычными отходами в установках, не предназначенных специально для захоронения радиоактивных отходов. Данная категория используется в некоторых государствах-членах; в других государствах она не применяется, поскольку любые виды радиоактивных отходов, каким бы низким не был уровень их активности, нельзя подвергать захоронению таким образом. Среднеактивные отходы (САО) {intermediate level waste (ILW)} - см. низко- и среднеактивные отходы (НСАО). Тепловыделяющие отходы (ТВО) {heat generating waste (HGW)} - радиоактивные отходы, которые являются достаточно радиоактивными для того, чтобы тепло радиоактивного распада значительно увеличивало их температуру и температуру окружающей их среды. На практике тепловыделяющие отходы – это обычно высокоактивные отходы, хотя некоторые виды среднеактивных отходов могут квалифицироваться как тепловыделяющие отходы.
    [Глоссарий МАГАТЭ по вопросам безопасности]

    Тематики

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > классы отходов

  • 23 temporada

    f.
    de temporada seasonal (fruta, trabajo)
    los kiwis están fuera de temporada kiwis are out of season
    temporada alta/baja high/low season
    temporada de caza hunting season
    temporada media mid-season
    temporada turística tourist o holiday season
    2 (period of) time (periodo indefinido).
    pasé una temporada en el extranjero I spent some time abroad
    tras una temporada como profesor, se puso a traducir after a stint o spell of teaching, he went into translating
    por temporadas off and on
    3 run.
    * * *
    1 (en artes, deportes, moda) season
    2 (período) period, time
    \
    en plena temporada at the height of the season
    por temporadas on and off
    temporada alta high season, peak season
    temporada baja low season, off season
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=periodo determinado) season
    2) (=periodo indeterminado) period

    a o por temporadas — on and off

    -¿tienes mucho trabajo? -va a o por temporadas — "have you got a lot of work?" - "it's a bit on and off o it goes in phases" *

    * * *
    1) ( época establecida) season

    fuera de/en temporada — out of/in season

    2) ( período de tiempo) spell
    * * *
    = spell, season, stretch.
    Ex. The outstanding example is Ian Sillitoe, who started writing seriously only after reading undisturbed during a lengthy spell in hospital.
    Ex. At first limited to the summer, tourism now flourishes in every season.
    Ex. After all, who has not felt dog-tired and drained, sometimes for long stretches, at one time or another?.
    ----
    * alimento de temporada = seasonal food.
    * decoración de temporada = seasonal decor.
    * demanda de temporada = seasonal demand.
    * demanda según la temporada = seasonal demand.
    * fuera de temporada = off-season, out of season.
    * la temporada de Algo = in season.
    * producto de temporada = seasonal food, seasonal product.
    * productos de temporada = seasonal produce.
    * temporada abierta = open season.
    * temporada alta = high season.
    * temporada baja = off-season, low season.
    * temporada de caza = open season, hunting season.
    * temporada de verano = summer season.
    * temporada otoñal = fall season.
    * temporada veraniega = summer season.
    * trabajador de temporada = seasonal worker.
    * * *
    1) ( época establecida) season

    fuera de/en temporada — out of/in season

    2) ( período de tiempo) spell
    * * *
    = spell, season, stretch.

    Ex: The outstanding example is Ian Sillitoe, who started writing seriously only after reading undisturbed during a lengthy spell in hospital.

    Ex: At first limited to the summer, tourism now flourishes in every season.
    Ex: After all, who has not felt dog-tired and drained, sometimes for long stretches, at one time or another?.
    * alimento de temporada = seasonal food.
    * decoración de temporada = seasonal decor.
    * demanda de temporada = seasonal demand.
    * demanda según la temporada = seasonal demand.
    * fuera de temporada = off-season, out of season.
    * la temporada de Algo = in season.
    * producto de temporada = seasonal food, seasonal product.
    * productos de temporada = seasonal produce.
    * temporada abierta = open season.
    * temporada alta = high season.
    * temporada baja = off-season, low season.
    * temporada de caza = open season, hunting season.
    * temporada de verano = summer season.
    * temporada otoñal = fall season.
    * temporada veraniega = summer season.
    * trabajador de temporada = seasonal worker.

    * * *
    la temporada de fútbol the football season
    trabajos de temporada seasonal o casual jobs
    verduras de temporada seasonal vegetables
    las naranjas están fuera de/están en temporada oranges are out of/are in season
    en plena temporada turística at the height of the tourist season
    la moda para esta temporada this season's fashion
    [ S ] rebajas de fin de temporada end of season reductions
    Compuesto:
    temporada alta/baja
    high/low season
    B
    (período de tiempo): hace una temporada que no lo veo I haven't seen him for a while o for some time
    hemos tenido una temporada de mucho trabajo en la oficina we have had a very busy spell o period in the office
    * * *

     

    temporada sustantivo femenino


    fuera de/en temporada out of/in season;
    temporada alta/baja high/low season

    ◊ una temporada de mucho trabajo a very busy spell o period

    temporada sustantivo femenino
    1 (espacio de tiempo) time: viví una temporada con ellos, I lived with them for some time
    2 (época propicia) season: mañana comienza la temporada de caza, tomorrow the hunting season begins
    temporada alta, high o peak season
    temporada baja, low o off season
    fruta de temporada, fruit of the season
    ' temporada' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    consagración
    - recolección
    - siembra
    - fuera
    - grande
    - poda
    - principio
    - taurino
    - teatral
    - tiempo
    English:
    high season
    - inaugurate
    - inauguration
    - lock up
    - off
    - off-peak
    - peak season
    - run
    - season
    - stint
    - time
    - tourist season
    - vintage
    - height
    - high
    - in
    - latter
    - low
    - spell
    * * *
    1. [periodo concreto] season;
    la temporada de lluvias the rainy season;
    en la temporada de primavera-verano se llevará el amarillo yellow will be the colour to wear in the spring-summer season;
    la temporada de exámenes exams o exam time;
    de temporada [fruta, trabajo, ropa] seasonal;
    estamos en temporada de sandías, es temporada de sandías this is the watermelon season, watermelons are in season;
    los kiwis están fuera de temporada kiwis are out of season;
    temporada alta high season;
    temporada baja low season;
    la temporada blanca the snow season;
    temporada de caza hunting season;
    temporada media mid-season;
    temporada turística tourist o holiday season
    2. [periodo indefinido] time;
    pasé una temporada en el extranjero I spent some time abroad;
    tras una temporada como profesor, se puso a traducir after a stint o spell of teaching, he went into translating;
    por temporadas off and on
    * * *
    f season;
    una temporada a time, some time;
    de temporada seasonal
    * * *
    1) : season, time
    temporada de béisbol: baseball season
    2) : period, spell
    por temporadas: on and off
    * * *
    1. (época) season

    Spanish-English dictionary > temporada

  • 24 малоценные и быстроизнашивающиеся предметы

    1) General subject: expendables & consumables (МБП)
    3) Accounting: assets of low unit cost (МБП; Также low value items), low value items (МБП; Также assets of low unit cost), nondurable producer goods (МБП)
    5) EBRD: expendables and consumables (МБП), low-value and short-lived items (МБП)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > малоценные и быстроизнашивающиеся предметы

  • 25 intensidad

    f.
    intensity (fuerza).
    llovía con poca intensidad light rain was falling
    intensidad de corriente strength of current
    * * *
    1 (gen) intensity
    2 (del viento) force; (de un ruido) loudness, high volume
    3 (de una enfermedad) severity; (del dolor) acuteness
    4 (de la luz, del color) brightness, intensity; (del amor, de la fe) strength
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (Elec, Téc) strength; [de terremoto, sonido] intensity
    2) [de color, olor, dolor] intensity; [de recuerdo] vividness; [de emoción, sentimiento] strength
    * * *
    a) ( de terremoto) intensity, strength; ( del viento) strength; (de dolor, sentimiento) intensity
    b) (Elec, Fís) intensity
    * * *
    = darkness, extent, intensity, momentum, severity, relentlessness, vividness.
    Ex. At every instant the darkness of the line being drawn is made equal to the darkness of the point on the picture being observed by the photocell.
    Ex. The extent of searchable elements will vary from one data base to another.
    Ex. DOBIS/Leuven displays information typed by the user and all error messages in high intensity; all other information is displayed in normal intensity.
    Ex. They were splendid starters of projects but like so many bibliographers poor sustainers of momentum.
    Ex. Exuberance and enthusiasm are proper to the young, as Quintillian remarked: 'The young should be daring and inventive and should rejoice in their inventions, even though correctiveness and severity are still to be acquired'.
    Ex. The problem with this book lies in the relentlessness of Webb's interpretation and interpretative technique.
    Ex. He recorded with great vividness the literary life of London at that time, describing the wit, anxieties and insights of a tightly knit and highly gifted group of writers.
    ----
    * alta intensidad = high-rate.
    * cobrar intensidad = gather + momentum, gain + momentum, pick up + speed, gather + pace.
    * con más intensidad aun = with a vengeance.
    * de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].
    * mostrar por medio de cambio de intensidad en el brillo = flash up.
    * * *
    a) ( de terremoto) intensity, strength; ( del viento) strength; (de dolor, sentimiento) intensity
    b) (Elec, Fís) intensity
    * * *
    = darkness, extent, intensity, momentum, severity, relentlessness, vividness.

    Ex: At every instant the darkness of the line being drawn is made equal to the darkness of the point on the picture being observed by the photocell.

    Ex: The extent of searchable elements will vary from one data base to another.
    Ex: DOBIS/Leuven displays information typed by the user and all error messages in high intensity; all other information is displayed in normal intensity.
    Ex: They were splendid starters of projects but like so many bibliographers poor sustainers of momentum.
    Ex: Exuberance and enthusiasm are proper to the young, as Quintillian remarked: 'The young should be daring and inventive and should rejoice in their inventions, even though correctiveness and severity are still to be acquired'.
    Ex: The problem with this book lies in the relentlessness of Webb's interpretation and interpretative technique.
    Ex: He recorded with great vividness the literary life of London at that time, describing the wit, anxieties and insights of a tightly knit and highly gifted group of writers.
    * alta intensidad = high-rate.
    * cobrar intensidad = gather + momentum, gain + momentum, pick up + speed, gather + pace.
    * con más intensidad aun = with a vengeance.
    * de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].
    * mostrar por medio de cambio de intensidad en el brillo = flash up.

    * * *
    1 (de un terremoto) intensity, strength; (del viento) strength; (de un dolor, sentimiento) intensity
    2 ( Elec, Fís) intensity
    * * *

    intensidad sustantivo femenino

    ( del viento) strength;
    (de dolor, sentimiento) intensity
    b) (Elec, Fís) intensity

    intensidad sustantivo femenino intensity: soplarán vientos de intensidad variable, there will be variable winds
    ' intensidad' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    agudeza
    - clarear
    - débil
    - decaer
    - desear
    - fuerte
    - medida
    - pequeña
    - pequeño
    - remitir
    - seísmo
    - temblor
    - tono
    - acento
    - alto
    - grande
    English:
    depth
    - fade
    - ferocity
    - flare up
    - intensity
    - intersection
    - low
    - poignancy
    - severity
    - strength
    * * *
    1. [fuerza] intensity;
    [de dolor] intensity, acuteness; [de lluvia] heaviness; [de viento] strength; [de luz, color] brightness; [de amor, odio] strength; [de vivencia] intensity;
    de poca intensidad [luz] dim, weak;
    llovía con poca intensidad light rain was falling
    intensidad luminosa luminous intensity
    2. Elec intensity
    * * *
    f
    1 intensity
    2 ( fuerza) strength
    * * *
    : intensity
    * * *
    1. (en general) intensity
    2. (de luz, colores) strength / brightness

    Spanish-English dictionary > intensidad

  • 26 с

    аварийная связь с воздушным судном
    air distress communication
    аварийная ситуация с воздушным судном
    aircraft emergency
    автомобиль с вильчатым подъемником
    fork-lift
    агрегат с приводом от двигателя
    engine-driven unit
    амортизатор с большим ходом штока
    long-stroke shock strut
    анализатор с интегрированием по времени
    time-integrating analyser
    антенна с концевым излучателем
    end-fire antenna
    антенна с широким раскрывом
    wide aperture antenna
    аренда воздушного судна вместе с экипажем
    aircraft wet lease
    аэродинамическая труба с закрытой рабочей частью
    closed-throat wind tunnel
    аэродром с бетонным покрытием
    concrete-surfaced aerodrome
    аэродром с жестким покрытием
    rigid pavement aerodrome
    аэродром с командно-диспетчерской службой
    controlled aerodrome
    аэродром с перекрещивающимися ВПП
    X-type aerodrome
    аэродром с твердым покрытием
    hard surface aerodrome
    аэродром с травяным покрытием
    grass aerodrome
    бак с наддувом
    pressurized tank
    билет с несколькими полетными купонами
    multistop ticket
    билет с открытой датой
    open-data ticket
    билет с подтвержденной бронью
    booked ticket
    блок связи автопилота с радиостанцией
    radio-autopilot coupler
    блок связи с курсовой системой
    compass system coupling unit
    блок связи с радиолокационным оборудованием
    radar coupling unit
    блок совмещения радиолокационного изображения с картой
    chart-matching device
    борьба с обледенением
    deicing
    борьба с пожаром
    1. fire fighting
    2. fire-fighting ведомый с помощью радиолокатора
    radar-guided
    вертолет большой грузоподъемности с внешней подвеской
    flying crane helicopter
    вертолет с несколькими несущими винтами
    multirotor
    вертолет с одним несущим винтом
    1. single main rotor helicopter
    2. single-rotor ветер с левым вращением
    veering wind
    ветер с правым вращением
    backing wind
    взлетать с боковым ветром
    takeoff with crosswind
    взлет с боковым ветром
    crosswind takeoff
    взлет с впрыском воды
    wet takeoff
    взлет с использованием влияния земли
    ground effect takeoff
    взлет с крутым набором высоты
    climbing takeoff
    взлет с ограниченной площадки
    spot takeoff
    взлет с ракетным ускорителем
    rocket-assisted takeoff
    взлет с реактивным ускорителем
    jet-assisted takeoff
    включать подачу топлива из бака с помощью электрического крана
    switch to the proper tank
    включать подачу топлива из бока с помощью механического крана
    turn the proper tank on
    воздухозаборник с пусковым регулированием
    controlled-starting intake
    воздухозаборник с регулируемой передней кромкой
    variable lip air intake
    воздухозаборник с фиксированной передней кромкой
    fixed-lip air intake
    воздушное пространство с запретом визуальных полетов
    visual exempted airspace
    воздушное судно с верхним расположением крыла
    high-wing aircraft
    воздушное судно с газотурбинными двигателями
    turbine-engined aircraft
    воздушное судно с двумя двигателями
    twin-engined aircraft
    воздушное судно с двумя и более двигателями
    multiengined aircraft
    воздушное судно с неподвижным крылом
    fixed-wing aircraft
    воздушное судно с несущим винтом
    rotary-wing aircraft
    воздушное судно с несущим фюзеляжем
    lift-fuselage aircraft
    воздушное судно с низким расположением крыла
    low-wing aircraft
    воздушное судно с одним двигателем
    1. single-engined aircraft
    2. one-engined aircraft воздушное судно с одним пилотом
    single-pilot aircraft
    воздушное судно с поршневым двигателем
    piston-engined aircraft
    воздушное судно с треугольным крылом
    delta-wing aircraft
    воздушное судно с турбовинтовыми двигателями
    turboprop aircraft
    воздушное судно с турбореактивными двигателями
    turbojet aircraft
    воздушное судно с убранной механизацией крыла
    clean aircraft
    воздушное судно с удлиненным фюзеляжем
    stretched aircraft
    воздушное судно с узким фюзеляжем
    narrow-body aircraft
    воздушное судно с фюзеляжем типовой схемы
    regular-body aircraft
    воздушное судно с экипажем из нескольких человек
    multicrew aircraft
    воздушные перевозки с большим количеством промежуточных остановок
    multistop service
    воздушный винт с автоматически изменяемым шагом
    automatic pitch propeller
    воздушный винт с автоматической регулировкой
    automatically controllable propeller
    воздушный винт с большим шагом
    high-pitch propeller
    воздушный винт с гидравлическим управлением шага
    hydraulic propeller
    ВПП с гладкой поверхностью
    smooth runway
    ВПП с дерновым покрытием
    sodded runway
    ВПП с жестким покрытием
    rigid pavement runway
    ВПП с искусственным покрытием
    paved runway
    ВПП с мягким покрытием
    soft-surface runway
    ВПП с низким коэффициентом сцепления
    slippery runway
    ВПП с поперечным уклоном
    cross-sloped runway
    ВПП с твердым покрытием
    hard-surface runway
    ВПП с травяным покрытием
    1. grass strip
    2. turf runway вращаться с заеданием
    be stiff to rotate
    временно снимать с эксплуатации
    lay up
    время налета с инструктором
    flying dual instruction time
    в соответствии с техническими условиями
    in conformity with the specifications
    втулка с устройством для флюгирования
    feathering hub
    входное устройство с использованием сжатия воздуха на входе
    internal-compression inlet
    выдерживание курса полета с помощью инерциальной системы
    inertial tracking
    выключатель с нормально замкнутыми контактами
    normally closed switch
    выключатель с нормально разомкнутыми контактами
    normally open switch
    выполнение полетов с помощью радиосредств
    radio fly
    выполнять полеты с аэродрома
    operate from the aerodrome
    выпуск шасси с помощью скоростного напора
    wind-assisted extension
    выруливать с места стоянки
    leave a parking area
    высотомер с кодирующим устройством
    encoding altimeter
    высотомер с сигнализатором
    contacting altimeter
    выходить на курс с левым разворотом
    roll left on the heading
    выходить на курс с правым разворотом
    roll right on the heading
    газотурбинный двигатель с осевым компрессором
    axial-flow итьбю.gas turbine engine
    генератор с приводом от двигателя
    engine-driven generator
    генератор с шунтовой обмоткой
    shunt wound generator
    герметизация фонаря кабины с помощью шланга
    canopy strip seal
    гироскоп с воздушной опорой осей
    air bearing gyroscope
    глушитель с убирающейся сдвижной створкой
    retractable spade silencer
    глушитель с убирающимися ковшами
    retractable lobe silencer
    гроза с градом
    thunderstorm with hail
    гроза с пыльной бурей
    thunderstorm with duststorm
    грузовое воздушное судно с откидной носовой частью
    bow-loader
    дальность полета с максимальной загрузкой
    full-load range
    дальность полета с полной коммерческой загрузкой
    commercial range
    данные, полученные с борта
    air-derived data
    двигатель с большим ресурсом
    longer-lived engine
    двигатель с высокой степенью двухконтурности
    high bypass ratio engine
    двигатель с высокой степенью сжатия
    high compression ratio engine
    двигатель с левым вращением ротора
    left-hand engine
    двигатель с низкой степенью двухконтурности
    low bypass ratio engine
    двигатель с пониженной тягой
    derated engine
    двигатель с правым вращением ротора
    right-hand engine
    движение с левым кругом
    left-hand traffic
    движение с правым кругом
    right-hand traffic
    двухконтурный турбореактивный двигатель с дожиганием топлива во втором контуре
    duct burning bypass engine
    дистанционное управление рулями с помощью электроприводов
    fly-by-wire
    диффузор с косым скачком уплотнения
    oblique-shock diffuser
    донесение с борта
    air report
    задерживать рейс с коммерчески оправданными целями
    justify a delay commercially
    задержка вылета с целью стыковки
    layover
    закрылок с внешним обдувом
    external blown flap
    закрылок с дополнительным внутренним обдувом
    augmented internal blown flap
    закрылок с отсосом пограничного слоя
    suction flap
    зализ крыла с фюзеляжем
    wing-to-fuselage fillet
    замер с целью определения положения
    spot measurement
    запас устойчивости с застопоренным управлением
    margin with stick fixed
    запуск двигателя с забросом температуры
    engine hot starting
    (выше допустимой) заход на посадку не с прямой
    nonstraight-in approach
    заход на посадку с выпущенными закрылками
    approach with flaps down
    заход на посадку с использованием бортовых и наземных средств
    coupled approach
    заход на посадку с левым разворотом
    left-hand approach
    заход на посадку с непрерывным снижением
    continuous descent approach
    заход на посадку с обратным курсом
    1. back course approach
    2. one-eighty approach заход на посадку с отворотом на расчетный угол
    teardrop approach
    заход на посадку с правым разворотом
    right-hand approach
    заход на посадку с прямой
    straight-in approach
    заход на посадку с прямой по приборам
    straight-in ILS-type approach
    заход на посадку с уменьшением скорости
    decelerating approach
    зона воздушного пространства с особым режимом полета
    airspace restricted area
    избегать столкновения с препятствием
    avoid the obstacle
    импульсный огонь с конденсаторным разрядом
    capacitor discharge light
    индикатор с круговой шкалой
    dial test indicator
    испытание с имитацией аварии
    controlled-crash test
    испытание с наружной подвеской
    store test
    кабина с двойным управлением
    dual cockpit
    канал с общей несущей
    common carrier channel
    карта с навигационной сеткой
    grid map
    квалификационная отметка с ограниченным сроком действия
    expiry-type rating
    ключ с круглой головкой
    ring wrench
    ключ с трещоткой
    ratchet wrench
    компоновка кресел с минимальным шагом
    high-density seating
    конечный удлиненный заход на посадку с прямой
    long final straight-in-approach operation
    конструкция с работающей обшивкой
    stressed-skin structure
    контакт с объектами на земле
    ground contact
    конфигурация с акустической облицовкой
    acoustic lining configuration
    конфигурация с выпущенной механизацией
    out-clean configuration
    конфигурация с выпущенными шасси и механизацией
    dirty configuration
    крен с помощью элеронов
    aileron roll
    кресло с отклоняющейся спинкой
    reclining seat
    крыло с изменяемой площадью
    variable-area wing
    крыло с изменяемым углом установки
    variable-incidence wing
    крыло с механизацией для обеспечения большей подъемной силы
    high-lift devices wing
    крыло с отрицательным углом поперечного ВЭ
    anhedral wing
    крыло с положительным углом поперечного ВЭ
    dihedral wing
    крыло с работающей обшивкой
    stressed-skin wing
    крыло с управляемой циркуляцией
    augmentor wing
    крыло с управляемым пограничным слоем
    backswept boundary layer controlled wing
    летать с брошенным штурвалом
    fly hand off
    летать с выпущенным шасси
    fly a gear down
    летать с убранным шасси
    fly a gear up
    линия при сходе с ВПП
    turnoff curve
    линия пути по схеме с двумя спаренными разворотами
    race track
    лопасть с шарнирной подвеской
    articulated blade
    маршрут вылета с радиолокационным обеспечением
    radar departure route
    маршрут прилета с радиолокационным обеспечением
    radar arrival route
    маршрут с минимальным уровнем шума
    minimum noise route
    маяк с рамочной антенной
    loop beacon
    место стоянки с твердым покрытием
    hardstand
    методика выполнения полета с минимальным шумом
    minimum noise procedure
    механизм реверса с полуцилиндрическими струеотражательными заслонками
    semicylindrical target-type reverser
    модуль с быстроразъемным соединением
    plug-in module
    моноплан с высокорасположенным крылом
    high-wing monoplane
    моноплан с низко расположенным крылом
    low-wing monoplane
    муфта сцепления двигателя с несущим винтом вертолета
    rotor clutch assembly
    наблюдение с борта воздушного судна
    aircraft observation
    наблюдение с воздуха
    1. air survey
    2. aerial inspection набор высоты с убранными закрылками
    flap-up climb
    набор высоты с ускорением
    acceleration climb
    навигационная система с графическим отображением
    pictorial navigation system
    (информации) небольшой привязной аэростат с тканевым оперением
    kytoon
    необратимое управление с помощью гидроусилителей
    power-operated control
    нерегулируемое сопло с центральным телом
    fixed plug nozzle
    несущий винт с приводом от двигателя
    power-driven rotor
    несущий винт с шарнирно закрепленными лопастями
    articulated rotor
    облачность с разрывами
    broken sky
    обратимое управление с помощью гидроусилителей
    power-boost control
    опасно при соприкосновении с водой
    danger if wet
    опасность столкновения с птицами
    bird strike hazard
    опознавать аэродром с воздуха
    identify the aerodrome from the air
    опора с масляным амортизатором
    oleo leg
    определение местоположения с помощью радиосредства
    radio fixing
    определять местоположение с воздуха
    indicate the location from the air
    опрыскивание сельскохозяйственных культур с воздуха
    aerial crop spraying
    опыление с воздуха
    aerial dusting
    остановка с коммерческими целями
    1. traffic stop
    2. revenue stop остановка с некоммерческими целями
    1. nontraffic stop
    2. stopping for nontraffic purpose открытый текст с сокращениями
    abbreviated plain language
    парашют с не полностью раскрывшимся куполом
    streamer
    патрулирование линий электропередач с воздуха
    power patrol operation
    пеленг с учетом направления ветра
    wind relative bearing
    перевозка с оплатой в кредит
    collect transportation
    перевозка с предварительной оплатой
    prepaid transportation
    перевозки с обеспечением
    interline traffic
    передача с земли
    ground transmission
    переходить на управление с помощью автопилота
    switch to the autopilot
    перрон с искусственным покрытием
    paved apron
    пилотировать с помощью автоматического управления
    fly automatically
    пилотировать с помощью штурвального управления
    fly manually
    план полета, переданный с борта
    air-filed flight plan
    пневматическая шина с армированным протектором
    tread-reinforced tire
    погрузчик с двумя платформами
    double-deck loader
    подхожу к четвертому с левым разворотом
    on the left base leg
    поиск с воздуха
    air search
    покрышка с насечкой
    ribbed tire
    полет в связи с особыми обстоятельствами
    special event flight
    полет для выполнения наблюдений с воздуха
    1. aerial survey flight
    2. aerial survey operation полет для контроля состояния посевов с воздуха
    crop control operation
    полет для ознакомления с местностью
    orientation flight
    полет по сигналам с земли
    directed reference flight
    полет с боковым ветром
    cross-wind flight
    полет с визуальной ориентировкой
    visual contact flight
    полет с выключенным двигателем
    engine-off flight
    полет с выключенными двигателями
    power-off flight
    полет с дозаправкой топлива в воздухе
    refuelling flight
    полет с инструктором
    1. dual operation
    2. dual flight полет с креном
    banked flight
    полет с набором высоты
    1. nose-up flying
    2. climbing flight полет с несимметричной тягой двигателей
    asymmetric flight
    полет с обычным взлетом и посадкой
    conventional flight
    полет с отклонением
    diverted flight
    полет с парированием сноса
    crabbing flight
    полет с пересечением границ
    border-crossing flight
    полет с помощью радионавигационных средств
    radio navigation flight
    полет с попутным ветром
    tailwind flight
    полет с посадкой
    entire journey
    полет с постоянным курсом
    single-heading flight
    полет с промежуточной остановкой
    one-stop flight
    полет с работающим двигателем
    engine-on flight
    полет с работающими двигателями
    1. power-on flight
    2. powered flight полет с сопровождающим
    chased flight
    полет с убранными закрылками
    flapless flight
    полет с уменьшением скорости
    decelerating flight
    полет с ускорением
    accelerated flight
    полет с целью перебазирования
    positioning flight
    полет с целью установления координат объекта поиска
    aerial spotting operation
    полет с частного воздушного судна
    private flight
    полеты с использованием радиомаяков
    radio-range fly
    положение с высоко поднятой носовой частью фюзеляжа
    high nose-up attitude
    получать информацию с помощью регистратора
    obtain from recorder
    порыв ветра с дождем
    blirt
    посадка по командам с земли
    1. ground-controlled landing
    2. talk-down landing посадка с автоматическим выравниванием
    autoflare landing
    посадка с асимметричной тягой
    asymmetric thrust landing
    посадка с боковым сносом
    lateral drift landing
    посадка с визуальной ориентировкой
    contact landing
    посадка с выкатыванием
    overshooting landing
    посадка с выполнением полного круга захода
    full-circle landing
    посадка с выпущенным шасси
    1. wheels-down landing
    2. gear-down landing посадка с использованием реверса тяги
    reverse-thrust landing
    посадка с коротким пробегом
    short landing
    посадка с немедленным взлетом после касания
    touch-and-go landing
    посадка с неработающим воздушным винтом
    dead-stick landing
    посадка с отказавшим двигателем
    1. dead-engine landing
    2. engine-out landing посадка с парашютированием
    pancake landing
    посадка с повторным ударом после касания ВПП
    rebound landing
    посадка с полной остановкой
    full-stop landing
    посадка с помощью ручного управления
    manland
    посадка с превышением допустимой посадочной массы
    overweight landing
    посадка с прямой
    straight-in landing
    посадка с работающим двигателем
    power-on landing
    посадка с убранными закрылками
    flapless landing
    посадка с убранным шасси
    1. wheels-up landing
    2. belly landing 3. fear-up landing посадка с упреждением сноса
    trend-type landing
    посадка с частично выпущенными закрылками
    partial flap landing
    посадка с этапа планирования
    glide landing
    посадочная площадка с естественным покрытием
    natural airfield
    посадочная площадка с искусственным покрытием
    surfaced airfield
    посадочная площадка с травяным покрытием
    1. turf airfield
    2. grass airfield 3. grass landing area пояс с уголком
    angle cap
    предкрылок с гидроприводом
    hydraulic slat
    происшествие с воздушным судном
    accident to an aircraft
    происшествие, связанное с перевозкой опасных грузов
    dangerous goods occurrence
    прокладка маршрута с помощью бортовых средств навигации
    aircraft self routing
    противопожарное патрулирование с воздуха
    fire control operation
    прыгать с парашютом
    jump with parachute
    прыжки с парашютом
    parachute jumping
    радиолокатор с большой разрешающей способностью
    fine grain radar
    радиолокатор с импульсной модуляцией
    pulse-modulated radar
    радиолокатор с остронаправленным лучом
    pencil beam radar
    радиолокационное наблюдение с помощью зонда
    radarsonde observation
    разворот с внутренним скольжением
    slipping turn
    разворот с креном
    banked turn
    разворот с креном к центру разворота
    inside turn
    разворот с креном от центра разворота
    outside turn
    разворот с набором высоты
    climbing turn
    разворот с наружным скольжением
    skidding turn
    разворот с помощью элеронов
    bank with ailerons
    разворот с упреждением
    lead-type turn
    разворот с целью опознавания
    identifying turn
    разрешение на заход на посадку с прямой
    clearance for straight-in approach
    распространять с помощью телетайпа
    disseminate by teletypewriter
    расходы, связанные с посадкой для стыковки рейсов
    layover expenses
    реактивное воздушное судно с низким расходом топлива
    economical-to-operate jetliner
    реактивное сопло с центральным телом
    plug jet nozzle
    редуктор с неподвижным венцом
    stationary ring gear
    режим работы с полной нагрузкой
    full-load conditions
    рейс с гражданского воздушного судна
    civil flight
    рейс с обслуживанием по первому классу
    first-class flight
    рейс с пересадкой
    transfer flight
    с автоматическим управлением
    self-monitoring
    сбиваться с курса
    1. wander off the course
    2. become lost сближение с землей
    ground proximity
    свидетельство с ограниченным сроком действия
    expiry-type license
    связь по запросу с борта
    air-initiated communication
    сеть передачи данных с пакетной коммутацией
    packet switched data network
    сеть с высокой пропускной способностью
    high level network
    сигнализация об опасном сближении с землей
    ground proximity warning
    сигнализация самопроизвольного ухода с заданной высоты
    altitude alert warning
    сигнал с применением полотнища
    paulin signal
    система визуального управления стыковкой с телескопическим трапом
    visual docking guidance system
    система пожаротушения с двумя очередями срабатывания
    two-shot fire extinguishing system
    система предупреждения опасного сближения с землей
    ground proximity warning system
    система предупреждения столкновения с проводами ЛЭП
    wire collision avoidance system
    система привода с постоянной скоростью
    constant speed drive system
    система распыления с воздуха
    aerial spraying system
    (например, удобрений) система с тройным резервированием
    triplex system
    система управления с обратной связью
    feedback control system
    скидка с тарифа
    1. reduction on fare
    2. fare taper скидка с тарифа за дальность
    distance fare taper
    скорость захода на посадку с убранной механизацией крыла
    no-flap - no-slat approach speed
    скорость захода на посадку с убранными закрылками
    no-flap approach speed
    скорость захода на посадку с убранными предкрылками
    no-slat approach speed
    скорость набора высоты с убранными закрылками
    1. no-flap climb speed
    2. flaps-up climbing speed 3. flaps-up climb speed скорость схода с ВПП
    turnoff speed
    с крыльями
    winged
    слой атмосферы с температурной инверсией
    lid
    с момента ввода в эксплуатацию
    since placed in service
    с набором высоты
    with increase in the altitude
    снижение с работающим двигателем
    power-on descent
    снижение с работающими двигателями
    power-on descend operation
    с низко расположенным крылом
    low-wing
    снимать груз с борта
    take off load
    снимать с замков
    unlatch
    снимать с упора шага
    unlatch the pitch stop
    (лопасти воздушного винта) снимать с эксплуатации
    1. take out of service
    2. with-draw from service снимать шасси с замка
    release the landing gear lock
    снимать шасси с замков
    unlatch the landing gear
    снимать шасси с замков убранного положения
    release the landing gear
    сносить с курса
    drift off the course
    снятие воздушного судна с эксплуатации
    aircraft removal from service
    снятый с эксплуатации
    obsolete
    событие, связанное с приземлением и немедленным взлетом
    touch-and-go occurrence
    соединение крыла с фюзеляжем
    wing-to-fuselage joint
    сообщение с борта
    air-report
    соосное кольцевое сопло с обратным потоком
    inverted coannular nozzle
    соосное сопло с центральным телом
    coannular plug nozzle
    сопло с косым срезом
    skewed jet nozzle
    сопло с многорядными шумоглушащими лепестками
    multirow lobe nozzle
    сопло с реверсом тяги
    thrust-reverse nozzle
    сопло с регулируемым сечением
    variable area nozzle
    сопло с сеткой
    gaze nozzle
    сопло с центральным телом
    bullet-type nozzle
    с передней центровкой
    bow-heavy
    с приводом от двигателя
    power-operated
    спуск с парашютом
    parachute descent
    с регенеративным охлаждением
    self-cooled
    (о системе) с системой автоматической смазки, автоматически смазывающийся
    self-lubrication
    сталкиваться с препятствием
    fail to clear
    с тенденцией к пикированию
    nose-heavy
    столкновение птиц с воздушным судном
    bird strike to an air craft
    столкновение с огнями приближения
    approach lights collision
    столкновение с птицами
    birds collision
    страгивать с места
    move off from the rest
    стремянка с гофрированными ступеньками
    safety-step ladder
    строительные работы с помощью авиации
    construction work operations
    с убранной механизацией
    clean
    с убранными закрылками
    flapless
    схема захода на посадку по командам с земли
    ground-controlled approach procedure
    схема полета с минимальным расходом топлива
    fuel savings procedure
    схема с минимальным расходом топлива
    economic pattern
    сходить с ВПП
    turn off
    с целью набора высоты
    in order to climb
    сцепление колес с поверхностью ВПП
    runway surface friction
    тариф для перевозки с неподтвержденным бронированием
    standby fare
    тариф на полет с возвратом в течение суток
    day round trip fare
    телеграфное обслуживание с дистанционным управлением
    remote keying service
    тележка с баллонами сжатого воздуха
    air bottle cart
    топливозаправщик с цистерной
    fuel tank trailer
    траектория захода на посадку с прямой
    straight-in approach path
    траектория полета с предпосылкой к конфликтной ситуации
    conflicting flight path
    трафарет с инструкцией по применению
    instruction plate
    трафарет с подсветом
    lighted sign
    трафарет с торцевым подсветом
    edge-lit sign
    (в кабине экипажа) тренажер с подвижной кабиной
    moving-base simulator
    тренировочный полет с инструктором
    training dual flight
    турбина с приводом от выхлопных газов
    power recovery turbine
    турбина с приводом от набегающего потока
    ram-air turbine
    турбовентиляторный двигатель с высокой степенью двухконтурности
    high-bypass fanjet
    турбовентиляторный двигатель с низким расходом
    low-consumption fanjet
    указатель с перекрещивающимися стрелками
    cross-pointer indicator
    указатель ухода с курса
    off-course indicator
    уменьшение опасности столкновения с птицами
    birds hazard reduction
    уменьшение тяги с целью снижения шума
    noise abatement thrust cutback
    уплотнение с помощью поршневого кольца
    piston-ring type seal
    уплотнение с частотным разделением
    frequency-division multiplexing
    управление креном с помощью аэродинамической поверхности
    aerodynamic roll control
    управление с помощью автопилота
    autopilot control
    управление с помощью аэродинамической поверхности
    aerodynamic control
    управление с помощью гидроусилителей
    1. assisted control
    2. powered control управляемый с помощью радиолокатора
    radar-directed
    управлять рулями с помощью электроприводов
    fly by wire
    условия с использованием радиолокационного контроля
    radar environment
    устройство для замера сцепления колес с поверхностью
    surface friction tester
    уходить с глиссады
    break glide
    уходить с заданного курса
    drift off the heading
    уходить с заданной высоты
    leave the altitude
    уходить с набором высоты
    1. climb out
    2. climb away уход на второй круг с этапа захода на посадку
    missed approach operation
    уход с набором высоты
    climbaway
    участок маршрута с набором высоты
    upward leg
    участок маршрута с обратным курсом
    back leg
    учебный полет с инструктором
    instructional dual flight
    фильтр с автоматической очисткой
    1. depolluting filter
    2. self-cleaning filter фильтр с защитной сеткой
    gauze strainer
    фюзеляж с работающей обшивкой
    stressed skin-type fuselage
    фюзеляж с сечением из двух окружностей
    double-bubble fuselage
    чартерный рейс в связи с особыми обстоятельствами
    special event charter
    чартерный рейс с полной загрузкой
    1. whole-plane charter
    2. plane-load charter чартерный рейс с предварительным бронированием мест
    advance booking charter
    чартерный рейс с промежуточной посадкой
    one-stop charter
    чартерный рейс с пропорциональным распределением доходов
    pro rata charter
    шасси с использованием скоростного напора
    wind-assisted landing gear
    шасси с ориентирующими колесами
    castor landing gear
    шасси с хвостовой опорой
    tailwheel landing gear
    штанга с распыливающими насадками
    spray boom
    штуцер с жиклером
    orifice connection
    эвакуация воздушного судна с места аварии
    aircraft salvage
    эксплуатация с перегрузкой
    overload operation
    эксплуатировать в соответствии с техникой безопасности
    operate safety
    элерон с аэродинамической компенсацией
    aerodynamically-balanced
    элерон с весовой компенсацией
    mass-balanced aileron
    элерон с внутренней компенсацией
    1. internally-balanced aileron
    2. sealed-type элерон с дифференциальным отклонением
    differential aileron
    элерон с жестким управлением от штурвала
    manual aileron
    элерон с зависанием
    dropped aileron
    элерон с компенсацией
    balanced aileron
    элерон с приводом от гидроусилителя
    powered aileron
    элерон с роговой компенсацией
    horn-balanced aileron

    Русско-английский авиационный словарь > с

  • 27 dar

    v.
    1 to give.
    dar algo a alguien to give something to somebody, to give somebody something
    se lo di a mi hermano I gave it to my brother
    Ella me da dinero She gives me money.
    Su elogio da ánimos His praise gives encouragement.
    El negocio da muchas ganancias The business yields much profit.
    2 to give, to produce.
    la salsa le da un sabor muy bueno the sauce gives it a very pleasant taste, the sauce makes it taste very nice
    3 to have, to hold (fiesta, cena).
    dar una cena en honor de alguien to hold o give a dinner in someone's honor
    4 to turn or switch on (luz, agua, gas) (encender).
    5 to show (Cine, Teatro & TV).
    dan una película del oeste they're showing a western, there's a western on
    6 to show.
    dar muestras de sensatez to show good sense
    7 to teach.
    dar inglés/historia to teach English/history
    9 to strike (horas).
    dieron las tres en el reloj three o'clock struck
    10 to get, to catch.
    11 to deliver, to render, to allot, to confer.
    12 to feel.
    Me da alegría I feel joy.
    13 to be given, to be granted, to be offered, to be handed in.
    Se nos dio una buena casa We were given a good house.
    14 to give forth, to burst out.
    Ella dio un grito She gave forth a cry.
    15 to make one feel.
    Eso da asco That makes one feel revolt.
    16 to hit.
    Da duro el sol en este lugar The sun hits hard in this place
    17 to give up.
    * * *
    Present Indicative
    doy, das, da, damos, dais, dan.
    Past Indicative
    Present Subjunctive
    dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den.
    Imperfect Subjunctive
    Future Subjunctive
    Imperative
    da (tú), dé (él/Vd.), demos (nos.), dad (vos.), den (ellos/Vds.).
    * * *
    verb
    2) hit, strike
    3) hand over, deliver
    4) produce, yield
    •
    - dar con
    - dar contra
    - dar por
    - darse a
    - darse de sí
    - dárselas de
    * * *
    Para las expresiones dar importancia, dar ejemplo, dar las gracias, dar clases, dar a conocer, dar a entender, darse prisa, ver la otra entrada.
    1. VERBO TRANSITIVO
    1) (=entregar, conceder) [+ objeto, mensaje, permiso] to give; [+ naipes] to deal (out); [+ noticias] to give, tell

    le dieron el primer premio — he was awarded {o} given first prize

    déme dos kilos — I'll have two kilos, two kilos, please

    • ir dando [cuerda] — to pay out rope

    • dar los buenos [días] a algn — to say good morning to sb, say hello to sb

    2) (=realizar) [+ paliza] to give; [+ paso] to take

    dar un grito — to let out a cry, give a cry

    dar un paseo — to go for a walk, take a walk

    dar un suspiro — to heave {o} give a sigh, sigh

    3) (=celebrar) [+ fiesta] to have, throw
    4) (=encender) [+ luz] to turn on

    ¿has dado el gas? — have you turned on the gas?

    5) (=presentar) [+ obra de teatro] to perform, put on; [+ película] to show, screen

    dan una película de Almodóvar — there's an Almodóvar film on, they're showing {o} screening an Almodóvar film

    ¿qué dan hoy en la tele? — what's on TV tonight?

    6) (=hacer sonar) [reloj] to strike

    ya han dado las ocho — it's past {o} gone eight o'clock

    7) (=producir) [+ fruto] to bear; [+ ganancias, intereses] to yield

    una inversión que da un 7% de interés — an investment that pays {o} yields 7% interest

    8) (=tener como resultado)
    9) (=hacer sentir) [+ placer] to give

    las babosas me dan asco — I find slugs disgusting {o} revolting

    este jersey me da demasiado calor — this jumper is too hot, I'm too hot in this jumper

    tu padre me da miedo — I'm scared {o} frightened of your father

    10) * (=fastidiar) to ruin

    ¡me estás dando las vacaciones! — you're ruining the holiday for me!

    11) dar por (=considerar) to consider

    doy el asunto por concluido — I consider the matter settled, I regard the matter as settled

    lo daba por seguro — he was sure {o} certain of it

    12)
    - estar/seguir dale que dale o dale que te pego o dale y dale
    - a mí no me la das
    - ¡ahí te las den todas!

    para dar y tomar —

    tenemos botellas para dar y tomar — we've got loads {o} stacks of bottles

    2. VERBO INTRANSITIVO
    1) (=entregar) to give

    dame, yo te lo arreglo — give it here, I'll fix it for you

    2) (=entrar)

    si te da un mareo siéntate — if you feel giddy, sit down

    3) (=importar)

    ¡qué más da!, ¡da igual! — it doesn't matter!, never mind!

    ¿qué más te da? — what does it matter to you?

    ¿qué más da un sitio que otro? — surely one place is as good as another!, it doesn't make any difference which place we choose

    lo mismo da — it makes no difference {o} odds

    me da igual, lo mismo me da, tanto me da — it's all the same to me, I don't mind

    4) [seguido de preposición]
    dar a (=estar orientado) [cuarto, ventana] to look out onto, overlook; [fachada] to face

    mi habitación da al jardín — my room looks out onto {o} overlooks the garden

    darle a (=hacer funcionar) [+ botón] to press; (=golpear) to hit; [+ balón] to kick

    dale a la tecla roja — hit {o} press the red key

    darle a la bomba — to pump, work the pump

    ¡dale! — hit him!

    dar con (=encontrar) [+ persona] to find; [+ idea, solución] to hit on, come up with

    al final di con la solución — I finally hit on the solution, I finally came up with the solution

    • dar [consigo] en — to end up in

    dar contra (=golpear) to hit dar de

    • dar de [beber] a algn — to give sb something to drink

    • dar de [comer] a algn — to feed sb

    • dar de [sí] — [comida, bebida] to go a long way

    dar en [+ blanco, suelo] to hit; [+ solución] to hit on, come up with

    • dar en [hacer] algo — to take to doing sth

    darle a algn por hacer algo dar para (=ser suficiente) to be enough for

    una película que da en qué pensar — a thought-provoking film, a film which gives you a lot to think about

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( entregar) to give

    500 dólares ¿quién da más? — any advance on 500 dollars?; conocer verbo transitivo 3b, entender verbo transitivo 2b

    2) (regalar, donar) to give

    ¿me lo prestas? - te lo doy, no lo necesito — can I borrow it? - you can keep it, I don't need it

    tener para dar y vender — to have plenty to spare

    3) <cartas/mano> to deal
    4)
    a) ( proporcionar) <fuerzas/valor/esperanza> to give
    b) (Mús) to give

    ¿me das el la? — can you give me an A?

    5) (conferir, aportar) <sabor/color/forma> to give
    6)
    a) ( aplicar) to give
    b) <sedante/masaje> to give
    7)
    a) ( conceder) <prórroga/permiso> to give

    nos dieron un premio — we won o got a prize

    b) (RPl) ( calcular)

    ¿qué edad le das? — how old do you think he is?

    8)
    a) (expresar, decir)

    ¿le diste las gracias? — did you thank him?, did you say thank you?

    dales saludos — give/send them my regards

    me dio su parecer or opinión — she gave me her opinion

    b) (señalar, indicar)

    me da ocupado or (Esp) comunicando — the line's busy o (BrE) engaged

    9) ( producir) <fruto/flor> to bear

    esos bonos dan un 7% — those bonds yield 7%

    10)
    a) ( rendir)

    ha dado todo lo que esperaba de él — he has lived up to my/his expectations

    b) (AmL) ( alcanzar hasta)

    ¿cuánto da ese coche? — how fast can that car go?

    da 150 kilómetros por hora — it can do o go 150 kilometers an hour

    11) (causar, provocar)

    estos niños dan tanto trabajo! — these kids are such hard work!; (+ me/te/le etc)

    ¿no te da calor esa camisa? — aren't you too warm in that shirt?

    este coche no me ha dado problemas — this car hasn't given me any trouble; ver tb asco, hambre, miedo, etc

    dar que + inf: el jardín da muchísimo que hacer there's always such a lot to do in the garden; lo que dijo me dio que pensar — what he said gave me plenty to think about; ver tb dar III 1)

    12) ( presentar) < concierto> to give

    ¿qué dan esta noche en la tele? — what's on TV tonight? (colloq)

    ¿dónde están dando esa película? — where's that film showing?

    13)
    a) < fiesta> to give; <baile/banquete> to hold
    b) < conferencia> to give; < discurso> (AmL) to make
    c) (CS) < examen> to take o (BrE) sit; ver tb clase 5)

    dar un grito/un suspiro — to give a shout/heave a sigh

    dar un paso atrás/adelante — to take a step back/forward

    dame un beso/abrazo — give me a kiss/hug; ver tb golpe, paseo, vuelta, etc

    15) ( considerar)

    dar algo/a alguien por algo: lo dieron por muerto they gave him up for dead; doy por terminada la sesión I declare the session closed; ese tema lo doy por sabido I'm assuming you've already covered that topic; puedes dar por perdido el dinero you can say goodbye to that money; dalo por hecho! consider it done!; si apruebo daré el tiempo por bien empleado — if I pass it will have been time well spent

    2.
    dar vi
    1)
    a) ( entregar)

    no puedes con todo, dame que te ayudo — you'll never manage all that on your own, here, let me help you

    ¿me das para un helado? — can I have some money for an ice cream?

    b) ( en naipes) to deal
    2) (ser suficiente, alcanzar)

    dar para algo/alguien: este pollo da para dos comidas this chicken will do for two meals; con una botella no da para todos one bottle's not enough to go round; (+ me/te/le etc) eso no te da ni para un chicle you can't even buy a piece of chewing gum with that; no me dio (el) tiempo I didn't have time; dar de sí to stretch; qué poco dan de sí mil pesetas! a thousand pesetas doesn't go very far!; no dar para más: su inteligencia no da para más that's as much as his brain can cope with; lo que gano no da para más what I earn doesn't go any further; la fiesta no daba para más — the party was beginning to wind down

    a) puerta to give onto, open onto; ventana to look onto, give onto
    b) fachada/frente ( estar orientado hacia) to face
    c) ( llegar hasta) río to flow into, go into; calle to lead to

    el análisis le dio positivo/negativo — her test was positive/negative

    ¿cuánto da la cuenta? — what does it come to?

    5) ( importar)

    da lo mismo, ya iremos otro día — it doesn't matter, we'll go another day

    ¿qué más da un color que otro? — what difference does it make what color it is?; (+ me/te/le etc)

    ¿el jueves o el viernes? - me da igual — Thursday or Friday? - I don't mind o it doesn't make any difference to me

    ¿y a ti qué más te da si él viene? — what's it to you if he comes? (colloq)

    6)
    a) (pegar, golpear)

    darle a alguien — to hit somebody; ( como castigo) to smack somebody

    le dio en la cabeza/con un palo — he hit him on the head/with a stick

    b) (fam) (a tarea, asignatura)

    darle a algo: me pasé todo el verano dándole al inglés I spent the whole summer working on my English; cómo le da al vino! he really knocks back o (AmE) down the wine (colloq); cómo le han dado al queso! ya casi no queda! — they've certainly been at the cheese, there's hardly any left! (colloq)

    c) ( acertar) to hit

    dar en el blanco/el centro — to hit the target/the bull's-eye

    7) (accionar, mover)

    darle a algo — a botón/tecla to press something; a interruptor to flick something; a manivela to turn something; (+ compl)

    8)

    dale que dale or (Esp) dale que te pego! — (fam)

    dale que dale con lo mismo! — stop going on about it!

    b) (RPl fam) ( instando a hacer algo) come on

    dale, prestámelo — come on o go on, lend it to me

    9) dar con ( encontrar) < persona> to find; < solución> to hit upon, find; < palabra> to come up with
    10) (acometer, sobrevenir) (+ me/te/le etc)

    me va a dar algo — (fam) I'm going to have a fit (colloq); ver tb dar verbo transitivo II 3, escalofrío, frío, gana, etc

    11) (hablando de manías, ocurrencias)

    darle a alguien por + inf — to take to -ing

    le ha dado por decir que... — he's started saying that...

    12) sol/viento/luz
    3.
    1) darse v pron
    2) ( producirse) to grow
    3) ( presentarse) oportunidad/ocasión to arise
    4) ( resultar) (+ me/te/le etc)

    ¿cómo se te da a ti la costura? — are you any good at sewing?

    5)
    a) (dedicarse, entregarse)

    darse a algo: se dio a la bebida she took to drink; se ha dado por entero a su familia/a la causa — she has devoted herself entirely to her family/to the cause

    b) (CS, Ven) ( ser sociable)
    6)

    me di una ducha — I took o had a shower

    dárselas de algo: se las da de que sabe mucho he likes to make out he knows a lot; dárselas de listo to act smart; ¿y de qué se las da ése? — who does he think he is?

    b) (golpearse, pegarse)

    no te vayas a dar con la cabeza contra el techo — don't hit o bang your head on the ceiling

    c) (recípr)

    se estaban dando (de) patadas/puñetazos — they were kicking/punching each other

    darse por algo: con eso me daría por satisfecha I'd be quite happy with that; darse por vencido — to give up; ver tb aludir a, enterado 1

    * * *
    = allow, give, issue, pitch, hand over, pass over, give away, give out, get + free.
    Ex. Folders allow a set of papers to be kept together when a set on a given topic is removed from the file.
    Ex. An abstract of a bibliography can be expected to note whether author affiliations are given = Es de esperar que el resumen de una bibliografía indique si se incluyen los lugares de trabajo de los autores.
    Ex. Once a user is registered, a password will be issued which provides access to all or most of the data bases offered by the host as and when the user wishes.
    Ex. Thus pitching instructions at the right level can be difficult.
    Ex. Eventually, teachers should be able to ' hand the chalk over to the students' and take a back seat.
    Ex. She also indicated in passing that in future authors would not automatically pass over the copyright of research results in papers to publishers.
    Ex. This must be done in a fully commercial way, not by giving away machines or paper, nor by giving away imported books.
    Ex. Similarly, equipment such as this can often give out quite a lot of heat which has to be adequately dissipated.
    Ex. Most people know 'earbuds' as the cheap-o earphones you get free with a cell phone.
    ----
    * acción de dar un nombre a Algo = naming.
    * antes de darse cuenta = before + Pronombre + know what + happen, before + Pronombre + know it.
    * con la sabiduría que da la experiencia = with the benefit of hindsight.
    * cosas que dan miedo = things that go bump in the night.
    * da la casualidad = as it happens.
    * dale alas a tu imaginación = let + your imagination fly!.
    * dando sacudidas = jerkily.
    * dar el esquinazo a = give + Nombre + a wide berth.
    * dar a = look onto, give onto, overlook.
    * dar a Algo el nombre de = earn + Nombre + the name of.
    * dar a Algo más importancia de la que tiene = oversell.
    * dar a Algo una nueva dimensión = take + Nombre + into a new dimension.
    * dar a Algo una nueva perspectiva = give + Nombre + a new twist.
    * dar a Alguien el beneficio de la duda = give + Nombre + the benefit of the doubt.
    * dar a Alguien una mano y te cogen el brazo = give + Pronombre + an inch and + Pronombre + take a mile, give + Pronombre + an inch and + Pronombre + take a mile.
    * dar a Alguien una oportunidad de triunfar = give + Nombre + a fighting chance.
    * dar a Alguien una palmada en la espalda = pat + Alguien + on the back for + Algo.
    * dar a Alguien una palmadita en la espalda = pat + Alguien + on the back for + Algo.
    * dar a Alguien una puñalada por la espalda = stab + Alguien + in the back.
    * dar a Alguien una puñalada trapera = stab + Alguien + in the back.
    * dar a Alguien un margen de confianza = give + Nombre + the benefit of the doubt.
    * dar abasto = cope.
    * dar abasto con = cope with.
    * dar acceso = provide + access.
    * dar acceso a = give + access to.
    * dar a conocer = bring to + the attention, communicate, publicise [publicize, -USA], report, articulate, make + known.
    * dar a conocer la presencia de = make + Posesivo + presence known.
    * dar a entender = give to + understand, hint, send + a clear signal that, lull + Nombre + into thinking, insinuate, intimate.
    * dar agua = lose + water, leak.
    * dar a la calle = give onto + the street.
    * dar a la caza de = chase down.
    * dar Algo a conocer = get + the word out.
    * dar alguna esperanza = give + some cause for hope.
    * dar al traste con los planes = upset + the applecart.
    * dar al traste con + Posesivo + planes = upset + Posesivo + plans, ruin + Posesivo + plans.
    * dar al traste con todo = upset + the applecart.
    * dar a luz = birth, deliver.
    * dar a luz a = give + birth to.
    * dar ánimos = give + a word of encouragement, hearten.
    * dar apoyo = give + support, support, provide + support.
    * dar asco = stink, disgust.
    * dar aullidos = caterwaul.
    * dar autoría = lend + authoritativeness.
    * dar autoridad a Algo = lend + authority to.
    * dar bandazos = lurch.
    * dar bastante importancia a = place + great store on.
    * dar brillo a = buff, buff up.
    * dar buen uso a Algo = put to + good use.
    * dar cabida a = accommodate, include, hold, take, make + room (for), leave + room for, leave + room for.
    * dar cabida al crecimiento = accommodate + growth.
    * dar caladas = puff.
    * dar calidad = deliver + value.
    * dar caprichos = pamper.
    * dar cera = wax.
    * dar chillidos = shriek.
    * dar cien mil vueltas = beat + Nombre + hands down, win + hands down.
    * dar clase = give + a lesson, teach + class, teach + lesson, hold + class.
    * dar coba = toady, fawn (on/upon/over).
    * dar comienzo a = give + a start to.
    * dar como ejemplo = cite + as an example.
    * dar como norma = rule.
    * dar como resultado = add up to, result (in), lead to.
    * dar con = hit on/upon, put + Posesivo + finger on, stumble on.
    * dar conferencia = lecture.
    * dar consejo sobre = give + advice on.
    * dar consentimiento = give + licence.
    * dar con una esponja húmeda = sponging.
    * dar con una idea = hit on/upon + idea.
    * dar con una solución = come up with + solution.
    * dar coraje = peeve.
    * dar corte = self-conscious, feel + shy.
    * dar credibilidad = give + credence, lend + credence, bestow + credibility, provide + credibility.
    * dar crédito = give + credence.
    * dar cualquier cosa por Algo = give + an eye-tooth for/to.
    * dar cuenta = render + an account of.
    * dar cuenta de = account for.
    * dar cuenta de Algo = be held to account.
    * dar cuerda a un reloj = wind + clock.
    * dar cuerpo = give + substance.
    * dar cuerpo a = flesh out.
    * dar cuerpo y forma a = lend + substance and form to.
    * dar datos de = give + details of.
    * dar de alta = discharge from + hospital.
    * dar de baja = take out of + circulation.
    * dar de cara a = front.
    * dar de comer = feed.
    * dar de lado = short-circuit [shortcircuit], give + Nombre + the cold shoulder.
    * dar de lleno = hit + home.
    * dar de mala gana = begrudge, grudge.
    * dar de mamar = breast-feeding [breastfeeding].
    * dar de mamar a = breast-feed [breastfeed].
    * dar demasiada información y muy rápidamente = trot out.
    * dar de qué hablar = raise + eyebrows, fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.
    * dar de quilla = keel over.
    * dar derecho a = entitle to.
    * dar descanso de = give + relief from.
    * dar de sí = stretch out.
    * dar detalles de = give + details of.
    * dar de Uno mismo = give of + Reflexivo.
    * dar dinero = pay + money, donate + Posesivo + money.
    * dar dirección = lend + direction.
    * dar directrices = give + guidance, provide + guidance.
    * dar duro = pack + a wallop.
    * dar ejemplo = set + an example, lead by + example.
    * dar ejemplo de = illustrate.
    * dar el brazo a torcer = give in to.
    * dar el brazo derecho = give + Posesivo + right arm.
    * dar el do de pecho = do + Posesivo + best, pull out + all the stops, do + Posesivo + utmost.
    * dar el efecto de = give + the effect of.
    * dar el esquinazo = dodge.
    * dar el esquinazo a = steer + clear of, steer away from.
    * dar el golpe de gracia = administer + the coup de grace, deliver + the coup de grace.
    * dar el nombre = label.
    * dar el oro y el moro = give + Posesivo + right arm.
    * dar el pecho = breast-feed [breastfeed].
    * dar el pésame = pass + Posesivo + condolences.
    * dar el pistoletazo de salida = fire + the starting gun.
    * dar el primer paso = make + a start, take + the first step.
    * dar el puntillazo a = put + an end to, bring + an end to, bring to + an end.
    * dar el salto = make + the leap.
    * dar el todo por el todo = give + Posesivo + all.
    * dar el último empujón = go + the last mile, go + the extra mile.
    * dar el último repaso = tie + the pieces together.
    * dar el visto bueno = approve, clear, give + green light, give + the go-ahead.
    * dar el visto bueno a una factura = clear + invoice.
    * dar el/un espectáculo = make + a spectacle of + Reflexivo.
    * dar empujones = shove.
    * dar en el blanco = hit + the bull's eye, strike + home, put + Posesivo + finger on, hit + the truth, hit + home.
    * dar en el clavo = hit + the nail on the head, be spot on, strike + home, put + Posesivo + finger on, hit + the truth.
    * dar en el larguero = hit + the crossbar, hit + the crossbar.
    * dar en el travesaño = hit + the crossbar.
    * dar energía = energise [energize, -USA].
    * dar énfasis = give + emphasis, place + stress, give + stress.
    * dar énfasis a = place + emphasis on.
    * dar en garantía = pawn.
    * dar en la diana = hit + home.
    * dar en mano = hand (over).
    * dar entrada = enter.
    * dar esperanza = nurture + hope, give + hope, bring + visions of.
    * dar esperanzas = raise + expectations, raise + hopes.
    * dar estímulo = provide + boost.
    * dar evasivas = stonewall, play for + time.
    * dar evidencia = furnish with + evidence.
    * dar fe = attest, certify.
    * dar fe de = testify (to/of), vouch (for), be testimony to.
    * dar fe de que = attest to + the fact that.
    * dar fin = bring to + a close, draw to + a close, wind down.
    * dar forma = become + cast, give + shape, shape, mould [mold, -USA], inform.
    * dar forma cuadrada = square.
    * dar fruto = bear + fruit, come to + fruition.
    * dar fuerte = pack + a wallop.
    * dar fuerza = empower, bring + strength.
    * dar gato por liebre = buy + a pig in a poke, pass off + a lemon.
    * dar golpes = pound.
    * dar gracias por lo que Uno tiene = count + Posesivo + blessings.
    * dar gritos = shriek, shout.
    * dar guerra = act up, play up.
    * dar gustirrinín = tickle + Posesivo + fancy.
    * dar gusto = oblige, bring + pleasure, flavour [flavor, -USA].
    * dar hipo = hiccup.
    * dar ideas = offer + clues.
    * da rienda suelta a tu imaginación = let + your imagination fly!.
    * dar ímpetu = lend + force, give + impetus.
    * dar importancia = attach + importance, give + prominence, stress, give + pre-eminence, give + relevance, place + importance, give + importance.
    * dar importancia a = give + weight to, place + emphasis on, attach + weight to, create + a high profile for, give + a high profile, place + weight on.
    * dar importancia a Algo = put + Algo + on the agenda, be on the agenda.
    * dar indicios de = show + signs of.
    * dar indicios y pistas = drop + hints and clues.
    * dar información = provide + information, give + information, release + information.
    * dar información adicional = give + further details.
    * dar información de = give + details of.
    * dar interés = spice up, add + spice.
    * dar la alarma = sound + alarm.
    * dar la apariencia de = place + a veneer of.
    * dar la bienvenida = welcome.
    * dar la casualidad que + Indicativo = happen to + Infinitivo, chance to + Infinitivo.
    * dar la cuenta atrás = count + Nombre + out.
    * dar la enhorabuena = give + congratulations.
    * dar la entrada para = make + a deposit on.
    * dar la espalda = turn + aside.
    * dar la idea = give + the impression that.
    * dar la imagen = give + the impression that.
    * dar la impresión = convey + impression, strike + Pronombre Personal, give + the impression that, confer + impression, come off as.
    * dar la impresión de = contrive, conjure up + a picture of, come across as.
    * dar la impresión de seriedad en el trabajo = appear + businesslike.
    * dar la la lata = nag (at).
    * dar la lata = play up.
    * dar la mano = extend + Posesivo + hand.
    * dar la mano derecha = give + Posesivo + right arm.
    * dar la murga = be a pest.
    * dar la noticia = give + the news.
    * dar la opinión sobre = give + opinion on.
    * dar la oportunidad = give + chance.
    * dar la oportunidad de = present with + opportunities for, allow + the opportunity to.
    * dar la oportunidad de expresarse libremente = give + voice to.
    * dar la oportunidad de opinar = give + voice to.
    * dar la puntilla a = put + an end to, bring + an end to, bring to + an end.
    * dar largas = stonewall, play for + time, fob + Alguien + off with + Algo.
    * dar las cosas masticadas = spoon-feeding [spoonfeeding], spoon-feed [spoon feed/spoonfeed].
    * dar la sensación = give + a sense.
    * dar la sensación de = give + the effect of.
    * dar la señal = give + the word, give + the signal.
    * dar la señal de alarma = sound + the clarion.
    * dar la señal de alerta = sound + the clarion.
    * dar la señal de estar listo = prompt.
    * dar lástima = feel + sorry for, pity.
    * dar la talla = be up to the mark, be up to scratch, measure up (to), be up to snuff, make + the cut.
    * dar latigazos = lash.
    * dar la vida = lay down + Posesivo + life, give + Posesivo + life.
    * dar la vuelta = turn + Nombre + (a)round, flip, swing around, swing back, turn (a)round.
    * dar la vuelta a = round, turn on + its head.
    * dar la vuelta en el aire = give + a toss.
    * darle a Alguien carta blanca = give + Nombre + a blank cheque.
    * darle a Alguien un cheque en blanco = give + Nombre + a blank cheque.
    * darle a la botella = booze.
    * darle a la lengua = shoot + the breeze, shoot + the bull.
    * darle a la manivela de arranque = turn + the crank.
    * darle alas a Alguien = let + Nombre + do things + Posesivo + (own) way.
    * darle al palique = gas.
    * darle a Uno escalofríos por Algo desagradable = make + Nombre + flinch.
    * darle caña = hurry up, get + a move on, put + pressure on.
    * darle caña a = have + a go at, get + stuck into.
    * dar lecciones = give + lessons.
    * darle cien mil vueltas a Alguien = knock + spots off + Nombre.
    * darle el puntillazo = nail it.
    * darle la razón a Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.
    * darle largas = play + Nombre + along.
    * darle largas a Algo = drag + Posesivo + feet, drag + Posesivo + heels.
    * darle la vuelta a la tortilla = turn + the tables (on).
    * darle sopas con hondas a Alguien = knock + spots off + Nombre.
    * darle una interpretación = give + interpretation.
    * darle una lección a Alguien = school.
    * darle una paliza a Alguien = take + Nombre + to the cleaners, give + Nombre + a beating, school.
    * darle un buen repaso a Alguien = take + Nombre + to the cleaners.
    * darle un repaso a = buff up on, brush up on.
    * darle un repaso a Alguien = school.
    * darle vueltas a = dwell on/upon.
    * darle vueltas a Algo = mull over, agonise over [agonize, -USA].
    * darle vueltas a la idea = toy with, toy with + idea of.
    * darle vueltas a la idea de = flirt with + the idea of.
    * darle vueltas a un asunto = chew + the cud.
    * darle vueltas a un problema = puzzle over + problem.
    * dar libertad = give + licence.
    * dar libertad a un esclavo = manumit.
    * dar libertad para + Infinitivo = afford + the freedom to + Infinitivo.
    * dar lo mejor de Uno mismo = give of + Posesivo + best.
    * dar los pasos necesarios = take + steps.
    * dar los primeros pasos en = venture into.
    * dar los últimos retoques a = put + the finishing touches on.
    * dar lugar = produce.
    * dar lugar a = cause, generate, give + rise to, mean, result (in), leave + room for, bring about, lead to, cause, open + the door to, give + cause to, give + occasion to.
    * dar lugar a la reflexión = provide + food for thought.
    * dar lugar a problemas = give + rise to problems.
    * dar lugar a queja = evoke + complaint.
    * dar lugar a rumores = fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.
    * dar luz verde = give + green light, give + the go-ahead.
    * dar mala impresión = look + bad.
    * dar marcha atrás = do + an about-face, back up, backpedal [back-pedal].
    * dar masaje = massage.
    * dar más de sí = go further.
    * dar más explicaciones = elaborate on.
    * dar materia para la reflexión = provide + food for thought.
    * dar mayor importancia a = give + pride of place to.
    * dar media vuelta = do + an about-face.
    * dar mejora (en) = give + improvement (in).
    * dar menos de lo debido = shortchange.
    * dar mucha importancia = put + a premium on.
    * dar mucho en qué pensar = give + Nombre + much to think about, give + Nombre + a lot to think about.
    * dar mucho valor a Algo = value + Nombre + highly.
    * dar muestras de = show + signs of.
    * dar + Nombre + una oportunidad = give + Nombre + a fair chance.
    * dar notoriedad a = create + a high profile for, give + a high profile.
    * dar nueva forma = reformat [re-format].
    * dar nueva vida = give + Nombre + new life, give + a second life.
    * dar opción = give + option.
    * dar origen = mother.
    * dar origen a = give + rise to, bring about, lead to, give + cause to, give + occasion to.
    * dar otro paso muy importante = reach + another milestone.
    * dar pábulo a = fuel, spark off.
    * dar pábulo a rumores = fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.
    * dar palos de ciego = grope (for/toward).
    * dar pánico = scare + the living daylights out of, frighten + the living daylights out of, dread, scare + the hell out of.
    * dar parte de = report.
    * dar paso (a) = give + way (to), yield to, make + way (for).
    * dar patadas en el estómago = stick in + Posesivo + craw.
    * dar pavor = be scared stiff, be frightened to death, be petrified of, be terrified, scare + the living daylights out of, frighten + the living daylights out of, scare + the hell out of.
    * dar pecho = breast-feeding [breastfeeding].
    * dar pereza = can't/couldn't be bothered.
    * dar permiso = give + permission, give + time off, grant + Alguien + leave.
    * dar permiso en el trabajo = give + time off work.
    * dar pie a = spark off, give + rise to, bring about, lead to, cause, open + the door to, give + cause to, give + occasion to.
    * dar pisotones = stomp.
    * dar pistas = throw + hints.
    * dar pistas falsas = throw out + false leads.
    * dar placer = give + pleasure, give + enjoyment.
    * dar poderes = give + powers.
    * dar por = tickle + Posesivo + fancy.
    * dar por concluido = put to + bed, close + the book on.
    * dar por culo = piss + Nombre + off.
    * dar por descontado = take for + granted, discount.
    * dar por hecho = take for + granted.
    * dar por perdido = be past praying for, write off.
    * dar por saldado = close + the book on.
    * dar por seguro que = rest + assured that.
    * dar por sentado = take for + granted.
    * dar por sentado Algo que realmente no lo está = beg + the question.
    * dar + Posesivo + vida = give + Posesivo + all.
    * dar preferencia = give + preference.
    * dar prestigio = lend + authoritativeness.
    * dar prioridad = award + priority, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], give + priority, give + precedence, assign + priority, give + preference.
    * dar prioridad a = give + pride of place to, place + emphasis on, prioritise [prioritize, -USA].
    * dar prioridad a algo = make + a priority.
    * dar problemas = play up.
    * dar propina = tipping.
    * dar pruebas = provide + evidence.
    * dar publicidad = publicise [publicize, -USA], give + publicity.
    * dar puntapiés = kick + Posesivo + feet.
    * dar punzadas = throb, twinge.
    * dar quebraderos de cabeza = give + headaches.
    * dar que hablar = fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours, raise + eyebrows.
    * dar quehacer = make + trouble.
    * dar rabia = incense, gall, peeve.
    * dar razón de ser = bring + purpose.
    * dar recompensa = mete out + reward.
    * dar registro = accession.
    * dar relevancia = give + relevance.
    * dar relevancia a = create + a high profile for, give + a high profile.
    * dar relevancia a Algo = put + Algo + on the agenda.
    * dar resoplidos = chug.
    * dar respuesta = provide + answer, elicit + answer, develop + answer.
    * dar resultado = be successful, give + result, work, pay off, be a success, pay.
    * dar resultados = produce + results.
    * dar rienda suelta = unleash.
    * dar rienda suelta a = give + free rein to, allow + vent for, give + vent to, vent.
    * dar rienda suelta a + Nombre = let + Nombre + run riot.
    * dar riqueza a = add + richness to.
    * dar risitas = giggle.
    * dar sabor = spice up, add + spice.
    * dar salida a = vent.
    * dar saltitos = hop, skip.
    * dar sangre = donate + Posesivo + blood.
    * darse = appear, occur.
    * darse a = lend + Reflexivo + to.
    * darse aires = strut.
    * darse aires de grandeza = give + Reflexivo + such airs, aggrandise + Reflexivo.
    * darse a la fuga = flee, lam (it), go into + hiding, make + a quick getaway, take to + Posesivo + heels, run off.
    * darse a los demás = give of + Reflexivo.
    * darse con un canto en los dientes = count + Reflexivo + lucky, think + Reflexivo + lucky, consider + Reflexivo + lucky.
    * darse cuenta = become + aware, dawn on, detect, perceive, find, note, make + aware, come to + realise, wise up, reach + understanding, eye + catch, strike + home, suss (out), hit + home.
    * darse cuenta de = be aware of, be cognisant of, realise [realize, -USA], sense, wake up to, sink in, become + cognisant of, see through.
    * darse cuenta del peligro que = see + the danger that.
    * darse cuenta de un problema = alight on + problem.
    * darse de baja de una suscripción = unsubscribe.
    * darse el caso que + Indicativo = happen to + Infinitivo, chance to + Infinitivo.
    * darse el gusto de = indulge in.
    * darse el gusto de comprar = splurge on.
    * darse el lote = snog, neck.
    * darse el lujo de = splurge on.
    * darse golpes de pecho = beat + Posesivo + breast.
    * darse golpes en el pecho = beat + Posesivo + breast.
    * darse la mano = join + hands, shake + hand.
    * dárselas de = fancy + Reflexivo.
    * dársele Algo bien a Uno = be good at.
    * dársele a Uno bien las plantas = have + a green thumb, have + green fingers.
    * dársele a Uno mejor Algo = be better at.
    * dársele mejor a Uno = do + best.
    * darse media vuelta = turn on + Posesivo + heel.
    * darse (muchos) aires = give + Reflexivo + such airs, aggrandise + Reflexivo.
    * dar sentido = make + sense (out) of, make + sense of life.
    * dar sentido a = make + meaningful, give + meaning to.
    * dar sentido a las cosas = sense-making, meaning making.
    * dar sentido a la vida = give + meaning to life.
    * dar sentido a + Posesivo + vida = make + sense of + Posesivo + life.
    * dar señales de = show + signs of.
    * dar señales de vida = show + signs of life.
    * darse por afortunado = count + Reflexivo + lucky, think + Reflexivo + lucky, consider + Reflexivo + lucky.
    * darse por aludido = take + things personally, take + a hint, take + things personally, get + a hint.
    * darse por derrotado = sound + note of defeat.
    * darse por vencido = throw in + the towel, throw in/up + the sponge.
    * darse prisa = hurry, hurry up, get on + Posesivo + running shoes, shake + a leg, hot-foot it to, make + haste, rattle + Posesivo + dags, get + a wiggle on, put + Posesivo + skates on, get + Posesivo + skates on, get + a move on.
    * darse prisa con calma = make + haste slowly.
    * dar servicio = service.
    * darse una comilona = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on).
    * darse una leche = come + a cropper.
    * darse un apretón de manos = clasp + hands.
    * darse una situación más esperanzadora = sound + a note of hope.
    * darse un atracón = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on), stuff + Posesivo + face.
    * darse una transacción económica = cash + change hands.
    * darse una tripotada = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on).
    * darse una vacante = occur + vacancy.
    * darse un baño de sol = sunbathe.
    * darse un chapuzón = take + a dip.
    * darse un descanso = give + Reflexivo + a break, rest on + Posesivo + oars.
    * darse un festín de = feast on.
    * darse un garbeo = mosey.
    * darse un porrazo = come + a cropper.
    * darse un respiro = lie on + Posesivo + oars, rest on + Posesivo + oars.
    * darse un tortazo = come + a cropper.
    * dar significado = imbue with + meaning.
    * dar sombra = shade.
    * dar su conformidad a = assent to.
    * dar sugerencias = give + suggestions.
    * dar terror = scare + the living daylights out of.
    * dar testimonio = bear + witness, give + testimony.
    * dar tiempo = give + time, donate + Posesivo + time.
    * dar tiempo a Alguien = give + Nombre + some time.
    * dar título = title.
    * dar todo de Uno mismo = give of + Posesivo + best.
    * dar todo el oro del mundo = give + Posesivo + right arm.
    * dar tono = tone.
    * dar trabajo = present + burden.
    * dar una advertencia = raise + caveat, issue + warning.
    * dar una apariencia de = provide + a semblance of, give + a semblance of.
    * dar una azotaina = spank.
    * dar una bofetada = cuff, slap.
    * dar una bofetada a Alguien = give + Nombre + a slap in the face.
    * dar una buena paliza = whitewash, thrash.
    * dar una cabezadita = nap, catching 10, napping.
    * dar una carcajada = give + a laugh, let out + a laugh.
    * dar una charla = give + address, give + a talk, give + a presentation, give + speech.
    * dar una conferencia = deliver + talk, make + a speech, give + speech, deliver + lecture, give + a lecture.
    * dar una contractura muscular = pull + a muscle.
    * dar una cornada = gore.
    * dar una excusa = give + excuse.
    * dar una explicación = present + explanation.
    * dar una falsa impresión = keep up + facade, put on + an act.
    * dar una fiesta = give + a party.
    * dar una galleta = slap.
    * dar una guantada = slap.
    * dar una idea = give + idea, give + glimpse, provide + an understanding.
    * dar una idea de = give + a feel for, give + indication, provide + a glimpse of, give + a flavour of, be indicative of, provide + insight into, give + a picture, give + an insight into, give + an inkling of.
    * dar una idea general = put in + the picture, give + a general picture, paint + a broad picture.
    * dar una imagen = convey + image, present + picture, paint + a picture, present + an image, present + a picture.
    * dar una imagen de = give + an impression of.
    * dar una impresión = make + an impression, leave + an impression, present + an image.
    * dar una impresión de = give + an impression of.
    * dar una impresión equivocada = send + the wrong signals.
    * dar una lección de humildad = humble.
    * dar una llamada de atención = sound + a wake-up call.
    * dar una norma = give + prescription.
    * dar una opinión = offer + opinion.
    * dar una oportunidad = give + opportunity, provide + opportunity, grant + opportunity, present + an opportunity, create + opportunity.
    * dar una oportunidad a Alguien = give + Nombre + a head start.
    * dar una orden = issue + command, issue + instruction.
    * dar una paliza = clobber, pummel, slaughter, knock + the living daylights out of, knock + the hell out out of, whip, whitewash, thrash, wallop, lick, baste, take + a pounding, take + a beating, belt, trounce, beat + Nombre + (all) hollow.
    * dar una paliza a Alguien = beat + Nombre + up, beat + Nombre + black and blue.
    * dar una patada = kick, boot.
    * dar una pista = give + a hint.
    * dar una posibilidad = afford + opportunity.
    * dar un apretón de manos = shake + hand.
    * dar una rabieta = throw + a tantrum.
    * dar una razón = give + reason.
    * dar una respuesta = furnish + answer, frame + response.
    * dar una sacudida = give + a shake, give + a jerk.
    * dar una segunda oportunidad = give + a second chance.
    * dar una segunda vida = give + a second life.
    * dar una solución = provide + solution, develop + solution.
    * dar una solución por buena que realmente no lo es = beg + the solution.
    * dar un aspecto + Adjetivo = give + a + Adjetivo + look.
    * dar un ataque de nervios = have + an attack of hysterics.
    * dar una torta = slap.
    * dar una torta a Alguien = give + Nombre + a slap in the face.
    * dar una tunda = trounce.
    * dar una ventaja = give + Nombre + an edge.
    * dar una ventaja a Alguien = give + Nombre + a head start.
    * dar una visión = present + view, provide + an understanding.
    * dar una visión general = give + a general picture.
    * dar una visión global = give + overview, present + an overview, present + an overall picture, give + an overall picture, overview.
    * dar una visión total = give + a complete picture.
    * dar un aviso = make + warning.
    * dar una voltereta = somersault, do + a somersault, summersault.
    * dar una voz = holler.
    * dar una vuelta de campana = capsize, somersault, do + a somersault, summersault.
    * dar una vuelta en coche = go out for + a drive.
    * dar un berrinche = throw + a tantrum.
    * dar un beso de despedida = kiss + Nombre + goodbye.
    * dar un bocado a = take + a bite out of.
    * dar un bofetón = cuff, slap.
    * dar un bofetón a Alguien = give + Nombre + a slap in the face.
    * dar un cachete = spank, cuff, slap.
    * dar un cachete a Alguien = slap + Nombre + on the wrist.
    * dar un calambre = cramp.
    * dar un chillido = holler.
    * dar un comienzo a = give + a start to.
    * dar un coscorrón = cuff.
    * dar un ejemplo = give + example.
    * dar un empujón = give + a boost.
    * dar un golpe = knock.
    * dar un golpe por detrás = rear-end.
    * dar un gran paso adelante = reach + milestone.
    * dar un grito = holler.
    * dar un guantazo = slap.
    * dar un hachazo = hack.
    * dar un hervor = parboil.
    * dar un impulso = kick-start [kickstart].
    * dar un lavado de cara = spruce up.
    * dar un manotazo = swat at, cuff, slap.
    * dar un manotazo a Alguien = give + Nombre + a slap in the face.
    * dar un nivel de prioridad alto = put + Nombre + high on + Posesivo + list of priorities.
    * dar un nuevo acabado = refinish.
    * dar un nuevo impulso = pep up.
    * dar un nuevo nombre = rename.
    * dar un ojo de la cara por Algo = give + an eye-tooth for/to.
    * dar unos azotes = spank.
    * dar un paseo = take + a stroll.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) ( entregar) to give

    500 dólares ¿quién da más? — any advance on 500 dollars?; conocer verbo transitivo 3b, entender verbo transitivo 2b

    2) (regalar, donar) to give

    ¿me lo prestas? - te lo doy, no lo necesito — can I borrow it? - you can keep it, I don't need it

    tener para dar y vender — to have plenty to spare

    3) <cartas/mano> to deal
    4)
    a) ( proporcionar) <fuerzas/valor/esperanza> to give
    b) (Mús) to give

    ¿me das el la? — can you give me an A?

    5) (conferir, aportar) <sabor/color/forma> to give
    6)
    a) ( aplicar) to give
    b) <sedante/masaje> to give
    7)
    a) ( conceder) <prórroga/permiso> to give

    nos dieron un premio — we won o got a prize

    b) (RPl) ( calcular)

    ¿qué edad le das? — how old do you think he is?

    8)
    a) (expresar, decir)

    ¿le diste las gracias? — did you thank him?, did you say thank you?

    dales saludos — give/send them my regards

    me dio su parecer or opinión — she gave me her opinion

    b) (señalar, indicar)

    me da ocupado or (Esp) comunicando — the line's busy o (BrE) engaged

    9) ( producir) <fruto/flor> to bear

    esos bonos dan un 7% — those bonds yield 7%

    10)
    a) ( rendir)

    ha dado todo lo que esperaba de él — he has lived up to my/his expectations

    b) (AmL) ( alcanzar hasta)

    ¿cuánto da ese coche? — how fast can that car go?

    da 150 kilómetros por hora — it can do o go 150 kilometers an hour

    11) (causar, provocar)

    estos niños dan tanto trabajo! — these kids are such hard work!; (+ me/te/le etc)

    ¿no te da calor esa camisa? — aren't you too warm in that shirt?

    este coche no me ha dado problemas — this car hasn't given me any trouble; ver tb asco, hambre, miedo, etc

    dar que + inf: el jardín da muchísimo que hacer there's always such a lot to do in the garden; lo que dijo me dio que pensar — what he said gave me plenty to think about; ver tb dar III 1)

    12) ( presentar) < concierto> to give

    ¿qué dan esta noche en la tele? — what's on TV tonight? (colloq)

    ¿dónde están dando esa película? — where's that film showing?

    13)
    a) < fiesta> to give; <baile/banquete> to hold
    b) < conferencia> to give; < discurso> (AmL) to make
    c) (CS) < examen> to take o (BrE) sit; ver tb clase 5)

    dar un grito/un suspiro — to give a shout/heave a sigh

    dar un paso atrás/adelante — to take a step back/forward

    dame un beso/abrazo — give me a kiss/hug; ver tb golpe, paseo, vuelta, etc

    15) ( considerar)

    dar algo/a alguien por algo: lo dieron por muerto they gave him up for dead; doy por terminada la sesión I declare the session closed; ese tema lo doy por sabido I'm assuming you've already covered that topic; puedes dar por perdido el dinero you can say goodbye to that money; dalo por hecho! consider it done!; si apruebo daré el tiempo por bien empleado — if I pass it will have been time well spent

    2.
    dar vi
    1)
    a) ( entregar)

    no puedes con todo, dame que te ayudo — you'll never manage all that on your own, here, let me help you

    ¿me das para un helado? — can I have some money for an ice cream?

    b) ( en naipes) to deal
    2) (ser suficiente, alcanzar)

    dar para algo/alguien: este pollo da para dos comidas this chicken will do for two meals; con una botella no da para todos one bottle's not enough to go round; (+ me/te/le etc) eso no te da ni para un chicle you can't even buy a piece of chewing gum with that; no me dio (el) tiempo I didn't have time; dar de sí to stretch; qué poco dan de sí mil pesetas! a thousand pesetas doesn't go very far!; no dar para más: su inteligencia no da para más that's as much as his brain can cope with; lo que gano no da para más what I earn doesn't go any further; la fiesta no daba para más — the party was beginning to wind down

    a) puerta to give onto, open onto; ventana to look onto, give onto
    b) fachada/frente ( estar orientado hacia) to face
    c) ( llegar hasta) río to flow into, go into; calle to lead to

    el análisis le dio positivo/negativo — her test was positive/negative

    ¿cuánto da la cuenta? — what does it come to?

    5) ( importar)

    da lo mismo, ya iremos otro día — it doesn't matter, we'll go another day

    ¿qué más da un color que otro? — what difference does it make what color it is?; (+ me/te/le etc)

    ¿el jueves o el viernes? - me da igual — Thursday or Friday? - I don't mind o it doesn't make any difference to me

    ¿y a ti qué más te da si él viene? — what's it to you if he comes? (colloq)

    6)
    a) (pegar, golpear)

    darle a alguien — to hit somebody; ( como castigo) to smack somebody

    le dio en la cabeza/con un palo — he hit him on the head/with a stick

    b) (fam) (a tarea, asignatura)

    darle a algo: me pasé todo el verano dándole al inglés I spent the whole summer working on my English; cómo le da al vino! he really knocks back o (AmE) down the wine (colloq); cómo le han dado al queso! ya casi no queda! — they've certainly been at the cheese, there's hardly any left! (colloq)

    c) ( acertar) to hit

    dar en el blanco/el centro — to hit the target/the bull's-eye

    7) (accionar, mover)

    darle a algo — a botón/tecla to press something; a interruptor to flick something; a manivela to turn something; (+ compl)

    8)

    dale que dale or (Esp) dale que te pego! — (fam)

    dale que dale con lo mismo! — stop going on about it!

    b) (RPl fam) ( instando a hacer algo) come on

    dale, prestámelo — come on o go on, lend it to me

    9) dar con ( encontrar) < persona> to find; < solución> to hit upon, find; < palabra> to come up with
    10) (acometer, sobrevenir) (+ me/te/le etc)

    me va a dar algo — (fam) I'm going to have a fit (colloq); ver tb dar verbo transitivo II 3, escalofrío, frío, gana, etc

    11) (hablando de manías, ocurrencias)

    darle a alguien por + inf — to take to -ing

    le ha dado por decir que... — he's started saying that...

    12) sol/viento/luz
    3.
    1) darse v pron
    2) ( producirse) to grow
    3) ( presentarse) oportunidad/ocasión to arise
    4) ( resultar) (+ me/te/le etc)

    ¿cómo se te da a ti la costura? — are you any good at sewing?

    5)
    a) (dedicarse, entregarse)

    darse a algo: se dio a la bebida she took to drink; se ha dado por entero a su familia/a la causa — she has devoted herself entirely to her family/to the cause

    b) (CS, Ven) ( ser sociable)
    6)

    me di una ducha — I took o had a shower

    dárselas de algo: se las da de que sabe mucho he likes to make out he knows a lot; dárselas de listo to act smart; ¿y de qué se las da ése? — who does he think he is?

    b) (golpearse, pegarse)

    no te vayas a dar con la cabeza contra el techo — don't hit o bang your head on the ceiling

    c) (recípr)

    se estaban dando (de) patadas/puñetazos — they were kicking/punching each other

    darse por algo: con eso me daría por satisfecha I'd be quite happy with that; darse por vencido — to give up; ver tb aludir a, enterado 1

    * * *
    = allow, give, issue, pitch, hand over, pass over, give away, give out, get + free.

    Ex: Folders allow a set of papers to be kept together when a set on a given topic is removed from the file.

    Ex: An abstract of a bibliography can be expected to note whether author affiliations are given = Es de esperar que el resumen de una bibliografía indique si se incluyen los lugares de trabajo de los autores.
    Ex: Once a user is registered, a password will be issued which provides access to all or most of the data bases offered by the host as and when the user wishes.
    Ex: Thus pitching instructions at the right level can be difficult.
    Ex: Eventually, teachers should be able to ' hand the chalk over to the students' and take a back seat.
    Ex: She also indicated in passing that in future authors would not automatically pass over the copyright of research results in papers to publishers.
    Ex: This must be done in a fully commercial way, not by giving away machines or paper, nor by giving away imported books.
    Ex: Similarly, equipment such as this can often give out quite a lot of heat which has to be adequately dissipated.
    Ex: Most people know 'earbuds' as the cheap-o earphones you get free with a cell phone.
    * acción de dar un nombre a Algo = naming.
    * antes de darse cuenta = before + Pronombre + know what + happen, before + Pronombre + know it.
    * con la sabiduría que da la experiencia = with the benefit of hindsight.
    * cosas que dan miedo = things that go bump in the night.
    * da la casualidad = as it happens.
    * dale alas a tu imaginación = let + your imagination fly!.
    * dando sacudidas = jerkily.
    * dar el esquinazo a = give + Nombre + a wide berth.
    * dar a = look onto, give onto, overlook.
    * dar a Algo el nombre de = earn + Nombre + the name of.
    * dar a Algo más importancia de la que tiene = oversell.
    * dar a Algo una nueva dimensión = take + Nombre + into a new dimension.
    * dar a Algo una nueva perspectiva = give + Nombre + a new twist.
    * dar a Alguien el beneficio de la duda = give + Nombre + the benefit of the doubt.
    * dar a Alguien una mano y te cogen el brazo = give + Pronombre + an inch and + Pronombre + take a mile, give + Pronombre + an inch and + Pronombre + take a mile.
    * dar a Alguien una oportunidad de triunfar = give + Nombre + a fighting chance.
    * dar a Alguien una palmada en la espalda = pat + Alguien + on the back for + Algo.
    * dar a Alguien una palmadita en la espalda = pat + Alguien + on the back for + Algo.
    * dar a Alguien una puñalada por la espalda = stab + Alguien + in the back.
    * dar a Alguien una puñalada trapera = stab + Alguien + in the back.
    * dar a Alguien un margen de confianza = give + Nombre + the benefit of the doubt.
    * dar abasto = cope.
    * dar abasto con = cope with.
    * dar acceso = provide + access.
    * dar acceso a = give + access to.
    * dar a conocer = bring to + the attention, communicate, publicise [publicize, -USA], report, articulate, make + known.
    * dar a conocer la presencia de = make + Posesivo + presence known.
    * dar a entender = give to + understand, hint, send + a clear signal that, lull + Nombre + into thinking, insinuate, intimate.
    * dar agua = lose + water, leak.
    * dar a la calle = give onto + the street.
    * dar a la caza de = chase down.
    * dar Algo a conocer = get + the word out.
    * dar alguna esperanza = give + some cause for hope.
    * dar al traste con los planes = upset + the applecart.
    * dar al traste con + Posesivo + planes = upset + Posesivo + plans, ruin + Posesivo + plans.
    * dar al traste con todo = upset + the applecart.
    * dar a luz = birth, deliver.
    * dar a luz a = give + birth to.
    * dar ánimos = give + a word of encouragement, hearten.
    * dar apoyo = give + support, support, provide + support.
    * dar asco = stink, disgust.
    * dar aullidos = caterwaul.
    * dar autoría = lend + authoritativeness.
    * dar autoridad a Algo = lend + authority to.
    * dar bandazos = lurch.
    * dar bastante importancia a = place + great store on.
    * dar brillo a = buff, buff up.
    * dar buen uso a Algo = put to + good use.
    * dar cabida a = accommodate, include, hold, take, make + room (for), leave + room for, leave + room for.
    * dar cabida al crecimiento = accommodate + growth.
    * dar caladas = puff.
    * dar calidad = deliver + value.
    * dar caprichos = pamper.
    * dar cera = wax.
    * dar chillidos = shriek.
    * dar cien mil vueltas = beat + Nombre + hands down, win + hands down.
    * dar clase = give + a lesson, teach + class, teach + lesson, hold + class.
    * dar coba = toady, fawn (on/upon/over).
    * dar comienzo a = give + a start to.
    * dar como ejemplo = cite + as an example.
    * dar como norma = rule.
    * dar como resultado = add up to, result (in), lead to.
    * dar con = hit on/upon, put + Posesivo + finger on, stumble on.
    * dar conferencia = lecture.
    * dar consejo sobre = give + advice on.
    * dar consentimiento = give + licence.
    * dar con una esponja húmeda = sponging.
    * dar con una idea = hit on/upon + idea.
    * dar con una solución = come up with + solution.
    * dar coraje = peeve.
    * dar corte = self-conscious, feel + shy.
    * dar credibilidad = give + credence, lend + credence, bestow + credibility, provide + credibility.
    * dar crédito = give + credence.
    * dar cualquier cosa por Algo = give + an eye-tooth for/to.
    * dar cuenta = render + an account of.
    * dar cuenta de = account for.
    * dar cuenta de Algo = be held to account.
    * dar cuerda a un reloj = wind + clock.
    * dar cuerpo = give + substance.
    * dar cuerpo a = flesh out.
    * dar cuerpo y forma a = lend + substance and form to.
    * dar datos de = give + details of.
    * dar de alta = discharge from + hospital.
    * dar de baja = take out of + circulation.
    * dar de cara a = front.
    * dar de comer = feed.
    * dar de lado = short-circuit [shortcircuit], give + Nombre + the cold shoulder.
    * dar de lleno = hit + home.
    * dar de mala gana = begrudge, grudge.
    * dar de mamar = breast-feeding [breastfeeding].
    * dar de mamar a = breast-feed [breastfeed].
    * dar demasiada información y muy rápidamente = trot out.
    * dar de qué hablar = raise + eyebrows, fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.
    * dar de quilla = keel over.
    * dar derecho a = entitle to.
    * dar descanso de = give + relief from.
    * dar de sí = stretch out.
    * dar detalles de = give + details of.
    * dar de Uno mismo = give of + Reflexivo.
    * dar dinero = pay + money, donate + Posesivo + money.
    * dar dirección = lend + direction.
    * dar directrices = give + guidance, provide + guidance.
    * dar duro = pack + a wallop.
    * dar ejemplo = set + an example, lead by + example.
    * dar ejemplo de = illustrate.
    * dar el brazo a torcer = give in to.
    * dar el brazo derecho = give + Posesivo + right arm.
    * dar el do de pecho = do + Posesivo + best, pull out + all the stops, do + Posesivo + utmost.
    * dar el efecto de = give + the effect of.
    * dar el esquinazo = dodge.
    * dar el esquinazo a = steer + clear of, steer away from.
    * dar el golpe de gracia = administer + the coup de grace, deliver + the coup de grace.
    * dar el nombre = label.
    * dar el oro y el moro = give + Posesivo + right arm.
    * dar el pecho = breast-feed [breastfeed].
    * dar el pésame = pass + Posesivo + condolences.
    * dar el pistoletazo de salida = fire + the starting gun.
    * dar el primer paso = make + a start, take + the first step.
    * dar el puntillazo a = put + an end to, bring + an end to, bring to + an end.
    * dar el salto = make + the leap.
    * dar el todo por el todo = give + Posesivo + all.
    * dar el último empujón = go + the last mile, go + the extra mile.
    * dar el último repaso = tie + the pieces together.
    * dar el visto bueno = approve, clear, give + green light, give + the go-ahead.
    * dar el visto bueno a una factura = clear + invoice.
    * dar el/un espectáculo = make + a spectacle of + Reflexivo.
    * dar empujones = shove.
    * dar en el blanco = hit + the bull's eye, strike + home, put + Posesivo + finger on, hit + the truth, hit + home.
    * dar en el clavo = hit + the nail on the head, be spot on, strike + home, put + Posesivo + finger on, hit + the truth.
    * dar en el larguero = hit + the crossbar, hit + the crossbar.
    * dar en el travesaño = hit + the crossbar.
    * dar energía = energise [energize, -USA].
    * dar énfasis = give + emphasis, place + stress, give + stress.
    * dar énfasis a = place + emphasis on.
    * dar en garantía = pawn.
    * dar en la diana = hit + home.
    * dar en mano = hand (over).
    * dar entrada = enter.
    * dar esperanza = nurture + hope, give + hope, bring + visions of.
    * dar esperanzas = raise + expectations, raise + hopes.
    * dar estímulo = provide + boost.
    * dar evasivas = stonewall, play for + time.
    * dar evidencia = furnish with + evidence.
    * dar fe = attest, certify.
    * dar fe de = testify (to/of), vouch (for), be testimony to.
    * dar fe de que = attest to + the fact that.
    * dar fin = bring to + a close, draw to + a close, wind down.
    * dar forma = become + cast, give + shape, shape, mould [mold, -USA], inform.
    * dar forma cuadrada = square.
    * dar fruto = bear + fruit, come to + fruition.
    * dar fuerte = pack + a wallop.
    * dar fuerza = empower, bring + strength.
    * dar gato por liebre = buy + a pig in a poke, pass off + a lemon.
    * dar golpes = pound.
    * dar gracias por lo que Uno tiene = count + Posesivo + blessings.
    * dar gritos = shriek, shout.
    * dar guerra = act up, play up.
    * dar gustirrinín = tickle + Posesivo + fancy.
    * dar gusto = oblige, bring + pleasure, flavour [flavor, -USA].
    * dar hipo = hiccup.
    * dar ideas = offer + clues.
    * da rienda suelta a tu imaginación = let + your imagination fly!.
    * dar ímpetu = lend + force, give + impetus.
    * dar importancia = attach + importance, give + prominence, stress, give + pre-eminence, give + relevance, place + importance, give + importance.
    * dar importancia a = give + weight to, place + emphasis on, attach + weight to, create + a high profile for, give + a high profile, place + weight on.
    * dar importancia a Algo = put + Algo + on the agenda, be on the agenda.
    * dar indicios de = show + signs of.
    * dar indicios y pistas = drop + hints and clues.
    * dar información = provide + information, give + information, release + information.
    * dar información adicional = give + further details.
    * dar información de = give + details of.
    * dar interés = spice up, add + spice.
    * dar la alarma = sound + alarm.
    * dar la apariencia de = place + a veneer of.
    * dar la bienvenida = welcome.
    * dar la casualidad que + Indicativo = happen to + Infinitivo, chance to + Infinitivo.
    * dar la cuenta atrás = count + Nombre + out.
    * dar la enhorabuena = give + congratulations.
    * dar la entrada para = make + a deposit on.
    * dar la espalda = turn + aside.
    * dar la idea = give + the impression that.
    * dar la imagen = give + the impression that.
    * dar la impresión = convey + impression, strike + Pronombre Personal, give + the impression that, confer + impression, come off as.
    * dar la impresión de = contrive, conjure up + a picture of, come across as.
    * dar la impresión de seriedad en el trabajo = appear + businesslike.
    * dar la la lata = nag (at).
    * dar la lata = play up.
    * dar la mano = extend + Posesivo + hand.
    * dar la mano derecha = give + Posesivo + right arm.
    * dar la murga = be a pest.
    * dar la noticia = give + the news.
    * dar la opinión sobre = give + opinion on.
    * dar la oportunidad = give + chance.
    * dar la oportunidad de = present with + opportunities for, allow + the opportunity to.
    * dar la oportunidad de expresarse libremente = give + voice to.
    * dar la oportunidad de opinar = give + voice to.
    * dar la puntilla a = put + an end to, bring + an end to, bring to + an end.
    * dar largas = stonewall, play for + time, fob + Alguien + off with + Algo.
    * dar las cosas masticadas = spoon-feeding [spoonfeeding], spoon-feed [spoon feed/spoonfeed].
    * dar la sensación = give + a sense.
    * dar la sensación de = give + the effect of.
    * dar la señal = give + the word, give + the signal.
    * dar la señal de alarma = sound + the clarion.
    * dar la señal de alerta = sound + the clarion.
    * dar la señal de estar listo = prompt.
    * dar lástima = feel + sorry for, pity.
    * dar la talla = be up to the mark, be up to scratch, measure up (to), be up to snuff, make + the cut.
    * dar latigazos = lash.
    * dar la vida = lay down + Posesivo + life, give + Posesivo + life.
    * dar la vuelta = turn + Nombre + (a)round, flip, swing around, swing back, turn (a)round.
    * dar la vuelta a = round, turn on + its head.
    * dar la vuelta en el aire = give + a toss.
    * darle a Alguien carta blanca = give + Nombre + a blank cheque.
    * darle a Alguien un cheque en blanco = give + Nombre + a blank cheque.
    * darle a la botella = booze.
    * darle a la lengua = shoot + the breeze, shoot + the bull.
    * darle a la manivela de arranque = turn + the crank.
    * darle alas a Alguien = let + Nombre + do things + Posesivo + (own) way.
    * darle al palique = gas.
    * darle a Uno escalofríos por Algo desagradable = make + Nombre + flinch.
    * darle caña = hurry up, get + a move on, put + pressure on.
    * darle caña a = have + a go at, get + stuck into.
    * dar lecciones = give + lessons.
    * darle cien mil vueltas a Alguien = knock + spots off + Nombre.
    * darle el puntillazo = nail it.
    * darle la razón a Alguien = side in + Posesivo + favour.
    * darle largas = play + Nombre + along.
    * darle largas a Algo = drag + Posesivo + feet, drag + Posesivo + heels.
    * darle la vuelta a la tortilla = turn + the tables (on).
    * darle sopas con hondas a Alguien = knock + spots off + Nombre.
    * darle una interpretación = give + interpretation.
    * darle una lección a Alguien = school.
    * darle una paliza a Alguien = take + Nombre + to the cleaners, give + Nombre + a beating, school.
    * darle un buen repaso a Alguien = take + Nombre + to the cleaners.
    * darle un repaso a = buff up on, brush up on.
    * darle un repaso a Alguien = school.
    * darle vueltas a = dwell on/upon.
    * darle vueltas a Algo = mull over, agonise over [agonize, -USA].
    * darle vueltas a la idea = toy with, toy with + idea of.
    * darle vueltas a la idea de = flirt with + the idea of.
    * darle vueltas a un asunto = chew + the cud.
    * darle vueltas a un problema = puzzle over + problem.
    * dar libertad = give + licence.
    * dar libertad a un esclavo = manumit.
    * dar libertad para + Infinitivo = afford + the freedom to + Infinitivo.
    * dar lo mejor de Uno mismo = give of + Posesivo + best.
    * dar los pasos necesarios = take + steps.
    * dar los primeros pasos en = venture into.
    * dar los últimos retoques a = put + the finishing touches on.
    * dar lugar = produce.
    * dar lugar a = cause, generate, give + rise to, mean, result (in), leave + room for, bring about, lead to, cause, open + the door to, give + cause to, give + occasion to.
    * dar lugar a la reflexión = provide + food for thought.
    * dar lugar a problemas = give + rise to problems.
    * dar lugar a queja = evoke + complaint.
    * dar lugar a rumores = fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.
    * dar luz verde = give + green light, give + the go-ahead.
    * dar mala impresión = look + bad.
    * dar marcha atrás = do + an about-face, back up, backpedal [back-pedal].
    * dar masaje = massage.
    * dar más de sí = go further.
    * dar más explicaciones = elaborate on.
    * dar materia para la reflexión = provide + food for thought.
    * dar mayor importancia a = give + pride of place to.
    * dar media vuelta = do + an about-face.
    * dar mejora (en) = give + improvement (in).
    * dar menos de lo debido = shortchange.
    * dar mucha importancia = put + a premium on.
    * dar mucho en qué pensar = give + Nombre + much to think about, give + Nombre + a lot to think about.
    * dar mucho valor a Algo = value + Nombre + highly.
    * dar muestras de = show + signs of.
    * dar + Nombre + una oportunidad = give + Nombre + a fair chance.
    * dar notoriedad a = create + a high profile for, give + a high profile.
    * dar nueva forma = reformat [re-format].
    * dar nueva vida = give + Nombre + new life, give + a second life.
    * dar opción = give + option.
    * dar origen = mother.
    * dar origen a = give + rise to, bring about, lead to, give + cause to, give + occasion to.
    * dar otro paso muy importante = reach + another milestone.
    * dar pábulo a = fuel, spark off.
    * dar pábulo a rumores = fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.
    * dar palos de ciego = grope (for/toward).
    * dar pánico = scare + the living daylights out of, frighten + the living daylights out of, dread, scare + the hell out of.
    * dar parte de = report.
    * dar paso (a) = give + way (to), yield to, make + way (for).
    * dar patadas en el estómago = stick in + Posesivo + craw.
    * dar pavor = be scared stiff, be frightened to death, be petrified of, be terrified, scare + the living daylights out of, frighten + the living daylights out of, scare + the hell out of.
    * dar pecho = breast-feeding [breastfeeding].
    * dar pereza = can't/couldn't be bothered.
    * dar permiso = give + permission, give + time off, grant + Alguien + leave.
    * dar permiso en el trabajo = give + time off work.
    * dar pie a = spark off, give + rise to, bring about, lead to, cause, open + the door to, give + cause to, give + occasion to.
    * dar pisotones = stomp.
    * dar pistas = throw + hints.
    * dar pistas falsas = throw out + false leads.
    * dar placer = give + pleasure, give + enjoyment.
    * dar poderes = give + powers.
    * dar por = tickle + Posesivo + fancy.
    * dar por concluido = put to + bed, close + the book on.
    * dar por culo = piss + Nombre + off.
    * dar por descontado = take for + granted, discount.
    * dar por hecho = take for + granted.
    * dar por perdido = be past praying for, write off.
    * dar por saldado = close + the book on.
    * dar por seguro que = rest + assured that.
    * dar por sentado = take for + granted.
    * dar por sentado Algo que realmente no lo está = beg + the question.
    * dar + Posesivo + vida = give + Posesivo + all.
    * dar preferencia = give + preference.
    * dar prestigio = lend + authoritativeness.
    * dar prioridad = award + priority, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], give + priority, give + precedence, assign + priority, give + preference.
    * dar prioridad a = give + pride of place to, place + emphasis on, prioritise [prioritize, -USA].
    * dar prioridad a algo = make + a priority.
    * dar problemas = play up.
    * dar propina = tipping.
    * dar pruebas = provide + evidence.
    * dar publicidad = publicise [publicize, -USA], give + publicity.
    * dar puntapiés = kick + Posesivo + feet.
    * dar punzadas = throb, twinge.
    * dar quebraderos de cabeza = give + headaches.
    * dar que hablar = fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours, raise + eyebrows.
    * dar quehacer = make + trouble.
    * dar rabia = incense, gall, peeve.
    * dar razón de ser = bring + purpose.
    * dar recompensa = mete out + reward.
    * dar registro = accession.
    * dar relevancia = give + relevance.
    * dar relevancia a = create + a high profile for, give + a high profile.
    * dar relevancia a Algo = put + Algo + on the agenda.
    * dar resoplidos = chug.
    * dar respuesta = provide + answer, elicit + answer, develop + answer.
    * dar resultado = be successful, give + result, work, pay off, be a success, pay.
    * dar resultados = produce + results.
    * dar rienda suelta = unleash.
    * dar rienda suelta a = give + free rein to, allow + vent for, give + vent to, vent.
    * dar rienda suelta a + Nombre = let + Nombre + run riot.
    * dar riqueza a = add + richness to.
    * dar risitas = giggle.
    * dar sabor = spice up, add + spice.
    * dar salida a = vent.
    * dar saltitos = hop, skip.
    * dar sangre = donate + Posesivo + blood.
    * darse = appear, occur.
    * darse a = lend + Reflexivo + to.
    * darse aires = strut.
    * darse aires de grandeza = give + Reflexivo + such airs, aggrandise + Reflexivo.
    * darse a la fuga = flee, lam (it), go into + hiding, make + a quick getaway, take to + Posesivo + heels, run off.
    * darse a los demás = give of + Reflexivo.
    * darse con un canto en los dientes = count + Reflexivo + lucky, think + Reflexivo + lucky, consider + Reflexivo + lucky.
    * darse cuenta = become + aware, dawn on, detect, perceive, find, note, make + aware, come to + realise, wise up, reach + understanding, eye + catch, strike + home, suss (out), hit + home.
    * darse cuenta de = be aware of, be cognisant of, realise [realize, -USA], sense, wake up to, sink in, become + cognisant of, see through.
    * darse cuenta del peligro que = see + the danger that.
    * darse cuenta de un problema = alight on + problem.
    * darse de baja de una suscripción = unsubscribe.
    * darse el caso que + Indicativo = happen to + Infinitivo, chance to + Infinitivo.
    * darse el gusto de = indulge in.
    * darse el gusto de comprar = splurge on.
    * darse el lote = snog, neck.
    * darse el lujo de = splurge on.
    * darse golpes de pecho = beat + Posesivo + breast.
    * darse golpes en el pecho = beat + Posesivo + breast.
    * darse la mano = join + hands, shake + hand.
    * dárselas de = fancy + Reflexivo.
    * dársele Algo bien a Uno = be good at.
    * dársele a Uno bien las plantas = have + a green thumb, have + green fingers.
    * dársele a Uno mejor Algo = be better at.
    * dársele mejor a Uno = do + best.
    * darse media vuelta = turn on + Posesivo + heel.
    * darse (muchos) aires = give + Reflexivo + such airs, aggrandise + Reflexivo.
    * dar sentido = make + sense (out) of, make + sense of life.
    * dar sentido a = make + meaningful, give + meaning to.
    * dar sentido a las cosas = sense-making, meaning making.
    * dar sentido a la vida = give + meaning to life.
    * dar sentido a + Posesivo + vida = make + sense of + Posesivo + life.
    * dar señales de = show + signs of.
    * dar señales de vida = show + signs of life.
    * darse por afortunado = count + Reflexivo + lucky, think + Reflexivo + lucky, consider + Reflexivo + lucky.
    * darse por aludido = take + things personally, take + a hint, take + things personally, get + a hint.
    * darse por derrotado = sound + note of defeat.
    * darse por vencido = throw in + the towel, throw in/up + the sponge.
    * darse prisa = hurry, hurry up, get on + Posesivo + running shoes, shake + a leg, hot-foot it to, make + haste, rattle + Posesivo + dags, get + a wiggle on, put + Posesivo + skates on, get + Posesivo + skates on, get + a move on.
    * darse prisa con calma = make + haste slowly.
    * dar servicio = service.
    * darse una comilona = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on).
    * darse una leche = come + a cropper.
    * darse un apretón de manos = clasp + hands.
    * darse una situación más esperanzadora = sound + a note of hope.
    * darse un atracón = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on), stuff + Posesivo + face.
    * darse una transacción económica = cash + change hands.
    * darse una tripotada = make + a pig of + Reflexivo, pig out (on).
    * darse una vacante = occur + vacancy.
    * darse un baño de sol = sunbathe.
    * darse un chapuzón = take + a dip.
    * darse un descanso = give + Reflexivo + a break, rest on + Posesivo + oars.
    * darse un festín de = feast on.
    * darse un garbeo = mosey.
    * darse un porrazo = come + a cropper.
    * darse un respiro = lie on + Posesivo + oars, rest on + Posesivo + oars.
    * darse un tortazo = come + a cropper.
    * dar significado = imbue with + meaning.
    * dar sombra = shade.
    * dar su conformidad a = assent to.
    * dar sugerencias = give + suggestions.
    * dar terror = scare + the living daylights out of.
    * dar testimonio = bear + witness, give + testimony.
    * dar tiempo = give + time, donate + Posesivo + time.
    * dar tiempo a Alguien = give + Nombre + some time.
    * dar título = title.
    * dar todo de Uno mismo = give of + Posesivo + best.
    * dar todo el oro del mundo = give + Posesivo + right arm.
    * dar tono = tone.
    * dar trabajo = present + burden.
    * dar una advertencia = raise + caveat, issue + warning.
    * dar una apariencia de = provide + a semblance of, give + a semblance of.
    * dar una azotaina = spank.
    * dar una bofetada = cuff, slap.
    * dar una bofetada a Alguien = give + Nombre + a slap in the face.
    * dar una buena paliza = whitewash, thrash.
    * dar una cabezadita = nap, catching 10, napping.
    * dar una carcajada = give + a laugh, let out + a laugh.
    * dar una charla = give + address, give + a talk, give + a presentation, give + speech.
    * dar una conferencia = deliver + talk, make + a speech, give + speech, deliver + lecture, give + a lecture.
    * dar una contractura muscular = pull + a muscle.
    * dar una cornada = gore.
    * dar una excusa = give + excuse.
    * dar una explicación = present + explanation.
    * dar una falsa impresión = keep up + facade, put on + an act.
    * dar una fiesta = give + a party.
    * dar una galleta = slap.
    * dar una guantada = slap.
    * dar una idea = give + idea, give + glimpse, provide + an understanding.
    * dar una idea de = give + a feel for, give + indication, provide + a glimpse of, give + a flavour of, be indicative of, provide + insight into, give + a picture, give + an insight into, give + an inkling of.
    * dar una idea general = put in + the picture, give + a general picture, paint + a broad picture.
    * dar una imagen = convey + image, present + picture, paint + a picture, present + an image, present + a picture.
    * dar una imagen de = give + an impression of.
    * dar una impresión = make + an impression, leave + an impression, present + an image.
    * dar una impresión de = give + an impression of.
    * dar una impresión equivocada = send + the wrong signals.
    * dar una lección de humildad = humble.
    * dar una llamada de atención = sound + a wake-up call.
    * dar una norma = give + prescription.
    * dar una opinión = offer + opinion.
    * dar una oportunidad = give + opportunity, provide + opportunity, grant + opportunity, present + an opportunity, create + opportunity.
    * dar una oportunidad a Alguien = give + Nombre + a head start.
    * dar una orden = issue + command, issue + instruction.
    * dar una paliza = clobber, pummel, slaughter, knock + the living daylights out of, knock + the hell out out of, whip, whitewash, thrash, wallop, lick, baste, take + a pounding, take + a beating, belt, trounce, beat + Nombre + (all) hollow.
    * dar una paliza a Alguien = beat + Nombre + up, beat + Nombre + black and blue.
    * dar una patada = kick, boot.
    * dar una pista = give + a hint.
    * dar una posibilidad = afford + opportunity.
    * dar un apretón de manos = shake + hand.
    * dar una rabieta = throw + a tantrum.
    * dar una razón = give + reason.
    * dar una respuesta = furnish + answer, frame + response.
    * dar una sacudida = give + a shake, give + a jerk.
    * dar una segunda oportunidad = give + a second chance.
    * dar una segunda vida = give + a second life.
    * dar una solución = provide + solution, develop + solution.
    * dar una solución por buena que realmente no lo es = beg + the solution.
    * dar un aspecto + Adjetivo = give + a + Adjetivo + look.
    * dar un ataque de nervios = have + an attack of hysterics.
    * dar una torta = slap.
    * dar una torta a Alguien = give + Nombre + a slap in the face.
    * dar una tunda = trounce.
    * dar una ventaja = give + Nombre + an edge.
    * dar una ventaja a Alguien = give + Nombre + a head start.
    * dar una visión = present + view, provide + an understanding.
    * dar una visión general = give + a general picture.
    * dar una visión global = give + overview, present + an overview, present + an overall picture, give + an overall picture, overview.
    * dar una visión total = give + a complete picture.
    * dar un aviso = make + warning.
    * dar una voltereta = somersault, do + a somersault, summersault.
    * dar una voz = holler.
    * dar una vuelta de campana = capsize, somersault, do + a somersault, summersault.
    * dar una vuelta en coche = go out for + a drive.
    * dar un berrinche = throw + a tantrum.
    * dar un beso de despedida = kiss + Nombre + goodbye.
    * dar un bocado a = take + a bite out of.
    * dar un bofetón = cuff, slap.
    * dar un bofetón a Alguien = give + Nombre + a slap in the face.
    * dar un cachete = spank, cuff, slap.
    * dar un cachete a Alguien = slap + Nombre + on the wrist.
    * dar un calambre = cramp.
    * dar un chillido = holler.
    * dar un comienzo a = give + a start to.
    * dar un coscorrón = cuff.
    * dar un ejemplo = give + example.
    * dar un empujón = give + a boost.
    * dar un golpe = knock.
    * dar un golpe por detrás = rear-end.
    * dar un gran paso adelante = reach + milestone.
    * dar un grito = holler.
    * dar un guantazo = slap.
    * dar un hachazo = hack.
    * dar un hervor = parboil.
    * dar un impulso = kick-start [kickstart].
    * dar un lavado de cara = spruce up.
    * dar un manotazo = swat at, cuff, slap.
    * dar un manotazo a Alguien = give + Nombre + a slap in the face.
    * dar un nivel de prioridad alto = put + Nombre + high on + Posesivo + list of priorities.
    * dar un nuevo acabado = refinish.
    * dar un nuevo impulso = pep up.
    * dar un nuevo nombre = rename.
    * dar un ojo de la cara por Algo = give + an eye-tooth for/to.
    * dar unos azotes = spank.
    * dar un paseo = take + a stroll, t

    * * *
    dar [ A25 ]
    ■ dar (verbo transitivo)
    A entregar
    B regalar, donar
    C en naipes
    D
    1 proporcionar
    2 Música
    E conferir, aportar
    F
    1 aplicar capa de barniz etc
    2 dar: inyección etc
    G
    1 conceder prórroga etc
    2 atribuir
    3 pronosticando duración
    4 dar: edad, años
    H
    1 expresar, decir
    2 señalar, indicar
    A producir
    B rendir, alcanzar hasta
    C causar, provocar
    D arruinar, fastidiar
    A presentar
    B ofrecer, celebrar
    C dar: conferencia
    A realizar la acción indicada
    B dar: limpiada etc
    Sentido V considerar
    ■ dar (verbo intransitivo)
    A
    1 entregar
    2 en naipes
    B ser suficiente, alcanzar
    C
    1 dar a: puerta etc
    2 llegar hasta
    3 estar orientado hacia
    D comunicar
    E arrojar un resultado
    F importar
    A
    1 pegar, golpear
    2 darle a algo: tarea
    3 darle a algo: hacer uso de
    4 acertar
    B
    1 darle a algo: accionar
    2 mover
    C
    1 indicando insistencia
    2 instando a alguien a hacer algo
    D dar con
    A acometer, sobrevenir
    B
    1 darle a alguien por algo
    2 darle a alguien con algo
    C dar en
    D dar: sol, viento, luz
    E acabar
    ■ darse (verbo pronominal)
    A producirse
    B ocurrir
    C resultar
    A dedicarse, entregarse
    B tratarse, ser sociable
    A realizar la acción indicada
    B
    1 golpearse, pegarse
    2 darse (de) golpes
    3 darse (de) patadas etc
    Sentido IV considerarse
    vt
    A (entregar) to give
    dale las llaves a Jaime give the keys to Jaime, give Jaime the keys
    se las di a Jaime I gave them to Jaime
    dale esto a tu madre de mi parte give this to your mother from me
    deme un kilo de peras can I have a kilo of pears?
    500 dólares ¿quién da más? any advance on 500 dollars?
    dar algo A + INF:
    da toda la ropa a planchar/lavar she sends all her clothes to be ironed/washed, she has all her ironing/washing done for her
    comer1 vi A 2. (↑ comer (1)), conocer, entender1 vt A 2. (↑ entender (1)), mamar
    B (regalar, donar) to give
    ¿me lo prestas? — te lo doy, yo no lo necesito can I borrow it? — you can have it o keep it, I don't need it
    a mí nunca nadie me dio nada nobody's ever given me anything
    daría cualquier cosa por que así fuera I'd give anything o ( colloq) I'd give my right arm for that to be the case
    donde las dan las toman two can play at that game
    estarlas dando ( Chi fam): entremos sin pagar, aquí las están dando let's just walk in without paying, they're asking for it ( colloq)
    con ese profesor las están dando they get away with murder with that teacher ( colloq)
    para dar y tomar or vender: coge los que quieras, tengo para dar y tomar or vender take as many as you want, I have plenty to spare o ( colloq) I've stacks of them
    C (en naipes) to deal
    ¡me has dado unas cartas horribles! you've dealt o given me a terrible hand
    D
    1 (proporcionar) ‹fuerzas/valor/esperanza› to give
    sus elogios me han dado ánimos his praise has given me encouragement o has encouraged me
    eso me dio la idea para el libro that's where I got the idea for the book, that's what gave me the idea for the book
    me dio un buen consejo she gave me some useful advice
    mi familia no pudo darme una carrera my family weren't in a position to send me to o put me through university o to give me a university education
    es capaz de robar si le dan la ocasión given the chance he's quite capable of stealing
    pide que te den un presupuesto/más información ask them to give you o supply you with an estimate/more information
    2 ( Música) to give
    ¿me das el la? can you give me an A?
    E (conferir, aportar) ‹sabor/color/forma› to give
    las luces le daban un ambiente festivo a la plaza the lights gave the square a very festive atmosphere, the lights lent a very festive atmosphere to the square
    les dio forma redondeada a las puntas he rounded off the ends
    necesita algo que le dé sentido a su vida he needs something that will give his life some meaning
    F
    1 (aplicar) ‹capa de barniz/mano de pintura› to give
    dale otra capa de barniz/otra mano de pintura give it another coat of varnish/paint
    hay que darle cera al piso we have to wax the floor
    dale una puntada para sujetarlo put a stitch in to hold it
    2 ‹inyección/lavativa/sedante› to give, administer ( frml); ‹masaje› to give
    G
    1 (conceder) ‹prórroga/permiso› to give
    te doy hasta el jueves I'll give you until Thursday
    ¿quién te ha dado permiso para entrar allí? who gave you permission to go in there?, who said you could go in there?
    si usted nos da permiso with your permission, if you will allow us
    el dentista me ha dado hora para el miércoles I have an appointment with the dentist on Wednesday
    dan facilidades de pago they offer easy repayment facilities o terms
    nos dieron el tercer premio we won o got third prize, we were awarded third prize
    al terminar el cursillo te dan un diploma when you finish the course you get a diploma
    2
    (atribuir): no le des demasiada importancia don't attach too much importance to it
    yo le doy otra interpretación a ese pasaje I see o interpret that passage in a different way
    tuvieron que darme la razón they had to admit I was right
    no le dan ni dos meses de vida they've given him less than two months to live
    no le doy ni un mes a esa relación I don't think they'll last more than a month together
    4
    ( RPl) ‹edad/años› ¿cuántos años or qué edad le das? how old do you think o reckon she is?
    yo no le daba más de 28 I didn't think he was more than 28
    H
    1
    (expresar, decir): ¿le diste las gracias? did you thank him?, did you say thank you?
    no me dio ni los buenos días she didn't even say hello
    dales recuerdos de mi parte give/send them my regards
    tenemos que ir a darles el pésame we must go and offer our condolences
    me gustaría que me dieras tu parecer or opinión I'd like you to give me your opinion
    le doy mi enhorabuena I'd like to congratulate you
    ¿me da la hora, por favor? have you got the time, please?
    me tocó a mí darle la noticia I was the one who had to break the news to him
    te han dado una orden you've been given an order, that was an order
    han dado orden de desalojar el edificio they've ordered that the building be vacated
    2
    (señalar, indicar): me da ocupado or ( Esp) comunicando the line's busy o ( BrE) engaged
    el reloj dio las cinco the clock struck five
    A
    (producir): estos campos dan mucho grano these fields have a high grain yield
    esta estufa da mucho calor this heater gives out a lot of heat
    esta clase de negocio da mucho dinero there's a lot of money in this business
    esos bonos dan un 7% those bonds give a yield of 7%
    los árboles han empezado a dar fruto the trees have begun to bear fruit
    no le pudo dar un hijo she was unable to bear o give him a child
    B
    (rendir, alcanzar hasta): ¿cuánto da ese coche? how fast can that car go?
    da 150 kilómetros por hora it can do o go 150 kilometers an hour
    ha dado todo lo que el público esperaba de él he has lived up to the public's expectations of him
    el coche venía a todo lo que daba the car was traveling at full speed
    ponen la radio a todo lo que da they turn the radio on full blast
    C
    (causar, provocar): la comida muy salada da sed salty food makes you thirsty
    ¡estos críos dan tanto trabajo! these kids are such hard work!
    (+ me/te/le etc): ¿no te da calor esa camisa? aren't you too warm in that shirt?
    el vino le había dado sueño the wine had made him sleepy
    me da mucha pena verla tan triste I can't bear o it hurts me to see her so sad
    ¡qué susto me has dado! you gave me such a fright!
    me da no sé qué que se tenga que quedar sola I feel a bit funny about leaving her on her own
    este coche no me ha dado problemas this car hasn't given me any trouble
    ver tb asco, hambre, miedo, etc dar QUE + INF:
    el jardín da muchísimo que hacer there's always such a lot to do in the garden
    los niños dan que hacer children are a lot of work
    lo que dijo me dio que pensar what he said gave me plenty of food for thought o plenty to think about
    D ( Esp fam) (arruinar, fastidiar) to spoil, ruin
    Isabelita nos dio la noche we had an awful night thanks to little Isabel
    A
    (presentar): ¿qué dan esta noche en la tele? what's on TV tonight? ( colloq)
    en el cine Avenida dan una película buenísima there's a really good movie on at the Avenida, they're showing a really good movie at the Avenida
    ayer fuimos al teatro, daban una obra de Calderón we went to the theater yesterday, it was a play by Calderón
    va a dar un concierto el mes que viene he's giving a concert next month
    deja de gritar así, estás dando un espectáculo stop shouting like that, you're making a spectacle of yourself
    B (ofrecer, celebrar) ‹fiesta› to give; ‹baile/banquete› to hold
    C ‹conferencia› to give
    dar examen (CS); to take o ( BrE) sit an exam
    ver tb clase1 f E. (↑ clase (1))
    A
    (realizar la acción indicada): dieron lectura al comunicado they read out the communiqué
    estuvo dando cabezadas durante toda la película he kept nodding off all through the film
    dio un grito/un suspiro she shouted/sighed, she gave a shout/heaved a sigh
    dio un paso atrás/adelante he took a step back/forward
    (+ me/te/le etc): dame un beso/abrazo give me a kiss/hug
    me dio un tirón del pelo he pulled my hair
    dársela a algn ( Esp fam); to take sb in, put one over on sb
    dárselas a algn ( Chi fam); to beat sb up
    B
    ‹limpiada/barrida/planchazo› con que le des una enjuagada alcanza just a quick rinse will do
    hay que darle una barrida al suelo de la cocina the kitchen floor needs a sweep o needs sweeping
    quiero darle otra leída a este capítulo ( AmL); I want to run o read through this chapter again
    Sentido V (considerar) dar algo/a algn POR algo:
    lo dieron por muerto they gave him up for dead
    doy por terminada la sesión I declare the session closed
    ese tema lo doy por sabido I'm assuming you've already covered that topic
    si le has prestado dinero ya lo puedes dar por perdido if you've lent him money you can kiss it goodbye
    ¿eso es lo que quieres? ¡dalo por hecho! is that what you want? consider it done! o ( AmE colloq) you got it!
    si apruebo daré el tiempo por bien empleado if I pass it will have been time well spent
    ■ dar
    vi
    A
    1
    (entregar): dame, yo te lo coso let me have it o give it here, I'll sew it for you
    no puedes con todo, dame que te ayudo you'll never manage all that on your own, here, let me help you
    ¿me das para un helado? can I have some money for an ice cream?
    2 (en naipes) to deal
    te toca dar a ti it's your deal, it's your turn to deal
    B (ser suficiente, alcanzar) dar PARA algo/algn:
    este pollo da para dos comidas this chicken is enough o will do for two meals
    con una botella no da para todos one bottle's not enough to go round
    da para hablar horas y horas you could talk about it for hours
    (+ me/te/le etc): eso no te da ni para un chicle you can't even buy a piece of chewing gum with that
    no le da la cabeza para la física he hasn't much of a head for physics
    no me dio (el) tiempo I didn't have time
    dar de sí to stretch
    me quedan un poco ajustados, pero ya darán de sí they're a bit tight on me, but they'll stretch o give
    ¡cuánto ha dado de sí esa botella de jerez! that bottle of sherry's gone a long way!
    ¡qué poco dan de sí seis euros! six euros don't go very far!
    el pobre ya no da más de sí the poor guy's fit to drop
    no dar para más: su inteligencia no da para más that's as much as his brain can cope with
    yo me voy, esto ya no da para más I'm leaving, this is a waste of time
    ya no da para más or (CS) ya no da más de tanto trabajar he's worked himself into the ground
    estoy que no doy más I'm all in ( colloq), I'm shattered o dead beat ( colloq), I'm pooped ( AmE colloq)
    1 «puerta/habitación» (comunicar con) to give on to
    la puerta trasera da a un jardín/a la calle Palmar the back door opens o gives onto a garden/onto Palmar Street
    todas las habitaciones dan a un patio all the rooms look onto o give onto a courtyard
    2 (llegar hasta) «río» to go o flow into; «camino/sendero» to lead to
    la calle va a dar directamente a la playa the street goes right down o leads straight to the beach
    3 «fachada/frente» (estar orientado hacia) to face
    la fachada principal da al sur the main facade faces south
    la terraza da al mar the balcony overlooks o faces the sea
    D
    ( RPl) (comunicar) darle a algn CON algn: ¿me das con Teresa, por favor? can I speak to Teresa, please?
    en seguida le doy con el señor Seco I'll just put you through to Mr Seco
    E
    (arrojar un resultado): ¿cuánto da la cuenta? what does it come to?
    a mí me dio 247 ¿y a ti? I made it (to be) 247, how about you?
    el análisis le dio positivo/negativo her test was positive/negative
    F
    (importar): ¿cuál prefieres? — da igual which do you prefer? — I don't mind
    da lo mismo, ya iremos otro día it doesn't matter, we'll go another day
    (+ me/te/le etc): ¿el jueves o el viernes? — a mí me da igual Thursday or Friday? — I don't mind o it doesn't matter o it doesn't make any difference to me o it's all the same to me
    la sopa se ha enfriado un poco — ¡qué más da! the soup's gone a bit cold — never mind o it doesn't matter
    ¿qué más da un color que otro? surely one color is as good as another!, what difference does it make what color it is?
    (+ me/te/le etc): ¡qué más le da a él que otros tengan que hacer su trabajo! what does he care if others have to do his work?
    ¿y a ti qué más te da si él viene? what difference does it make to you if he comes?, what's it to you if he comes? ( colloq)
    no quiere venir — tanto da she doesn't want to come — it makes no difference o so what?
    (+ me/te/le etc): ¿a qué hora quieren cenar? — tanto nos da what time do you want to have dinner? — it's all the same to us o whenever
    A
    1 (pegar, golpear) (+ me/te/le etc):
    le dio en la cabeza it hit him on the head
    dale al balón con fuerza kick the ball hard
    ¡te voy a dar yo a ti como no me obedezcas! you're going to get it from me if you don't do what I say ( colloq)
    le dio con la regla en los nudillos she rapped his knuckles with the ruler
    cuando te agarren te van a dar de palos when they get you they're going to give you a good beating
    2 ( fam) (a una tarea, asignatura) darle A algo:
    me pasé todo el verano dándole al inglés I spent the whole summer working on o studying my English ( colloq)
    vas a tener que darle más fuerte si quieres aprobar you're going to have to push yourself harder o put more effort into it if you want to pass
    quiero darle un poco más a esta traducción antes de irme I want to do a bit more work on this translation before I go
    3 ( fam) (hacer uso de) darle A algo:
    ¡cómo le da al vino! he really knocks back o ( AmE) down the wine ( colloq)
    ¡cómo le han dado al queso! ¡ya casi no queda! they've certainly been at the cheese, there's hardly any left! ( colloq)
    ¡cómo les has dado a estos zapatos! you've really been hard on these shoes!, you've worn these shoes out quickly!
    4 (acertar) to hit
    dar en el blanco/el centro to hit the target/the bull's-eye
    B
    1 (accionar) darle A algo:
    le dio al interruptor she flicked the switch
    le di a la manivela I turned the handle
    dale al pedal press the pedal
    tienes que darle a este botón/esta tecla you have to press this button/key
    2 (mover) (+ compl):
    dale al volante hacia la derecha turn the wheel to the right
    C
    1 ( fam)
    (indicando insistencia): ¡y dale! ya te he dicho que no voy there you go again! I've told you I'm not going ( colloq)
    estuvo todo el día dale que dale con el clarinete he spent the whole day blowing away on his clarinet
    ¡y dale con lo de la edad! ¿qué importa eso? stop going on about her age! what does it matter?
    ¡dale que te pego! ( fam): he estado toda la mañana dale que te pego con esto I've been slaving away at this all morning
    yo quiero olvidarlo y él ¡dale que te pego con lo mismo! I want to forget about it and he keeps on and on about it o he keeps banging on about it
    2
    ( RPl fam) (instando a algn a hacer algo): dale, metete, el agua está lindísima come on, get in, the water's lovely
    dale, prestámelo come on o go on, lend it to me
    por mucho que buscaron no dieron con él although they searched high and low they couldn't find him
    creo que ya he dado con la solución I think I've hit upon o found the solution
    cuando uno no da con la palabra adecuada when you can't come up with o find the right word
    A (acometer, sobrevenir) (+ me/te/le etc):
    le dio un mareo she felt dizzy
    le dio un infarto he had a heart attack
    como no se calle, me va a dar algo ( fam); if you don't shut up, I'm going to have a fit ( colloq)
    ¡me da una indignación cuando hace esas cosas …! I feel so angry when he does those things!
    me da que ya no vienen ( fam); I have a (funny o sneaky) feeling they're not coming ( colloq)
    B (hablando de ocurrencias, manías)
    1 darle a algn POR algo:
    le ha dado por decir que ya no lo quiero he's started saying that I don't love him any more
    le ha dado por beber he's taken to drink, he's started drinking
    le ha dado por el yoga she's got into yoga
    ¡menos mal que me dio por preguntar por cuánto saldría! it's just as well it occurred to me to ask o I thought to ask how much it would be!
    darle a algn por ahí ( fam): ¿ahora hace pesas? — sí, le ha dado por ahí is he doing weights now? — yes, that's his latest craze o that's what he's into now
    ¿por qué lo hiciste? — no sé, me dio por ahí why did you do it? — I don't know, I just felt like it
    cualquier día le da por ahí y la deja one of these days he'll just up and leave her
    2 darle a algn CON algo:
    le ha dado con que me conoce he's got it into his head he knows me
    (tender a): ha dado en salir acompañada por galanes jóvenes she has taken to being escorted in public by handsome young men
    ha dado en esta locura she has got this crazy idea into her head
    lo que se ha dado en llamar `drogodependencia' what has come to be known as `drug-dependence'
    D
    «sol/viento/luz»: aquí da el sol toda la mañana you get the sun all morning here
    siéntate aquí, donde da el sol sit down here in the sun
    en esa playa da mucho el viento it's very windy on that beach
    la luz le daba de lleno en los ojos the light was shining right in his eyes
    E
    (acabar): ir/venir a dar: la pelota había ido a dar al jardín de al lado the ball had ended up in the next door garden
    ¿cómo habrá venido a dar esto aquí? how on earth did this get here?
    ■ darse
    A (producirse) to grow
    en esta zona se da bien el trigo wheat grows well in this area
    B
    (ocurrir) «caso/situación»: bien podría darse una situación así this kind of situation could well arise o occur
    para esto se tienen que dar las siguientes circunstancias this requires the following conditions
    ¿qué se da? ( fam); what's going on o happening? ( colloq)
    C (resultar) (+ me/te/le etc):
    se le dan muy bien los idiomas she's very good at languages
    ¿cómo se te da a ti la costura? how are you at sewing?, how's your sewing?
    A (dedicarse, entregarse) darse A algo:
    se dio a la bebida she took to drink, she hit the bottle ( colloq)
    se da a la buena vida he spends his time having fun o living it up
    se ha dado por entero a su familia/a la causa she has devoted herself entirely to her family/to the cause
    B
    ( RPl) (tratarse, ser sociable) darse CON algn: no se da con la familia del marido she doesn't have much to do with her husband's family
    A ( refl)
    (realizar la acción indicada): voy a darme una ducha I'm going to take o have a shower
    vamos a darnos un banquete we're going to have a feast
    dárselas de algo: se las da de que sabe mucho he likes to make out he knows a lot
    va dándoselas de rico y no tiene un duro he makes out he's rich but he hasn't got a penny
    ¿pero ése de qué se las da? si es un obrero como tú y yo who does he think he is? he's just another worker like you and me
    no te las des de listo don't act so smart
    B
    1
    (golpearse, pegarse): se dio con el martillo en el dedo he hit his finger with the hammer
    no te vayas a dar con la cabeza contra el techo don't hit o bang your head on the ceiling
    se dieron contra un árbol they crashed o went into a tree
    se va a dar un golpe en la cabeza/espalda he's going to hit o bump his head/hit his back
    se dio con la nariz or de narices contra la puerta he ran/walked straight into the door, he went smack into the door ( colloq)
    2 ( refl):
    darse (de) golpes to hit oneself
    ¡podría darme (de) patadas! I could kick myself!
    3 ( recípr):
    se estaban dando (de) patadas/tortazos en plena calle they were kicking/punching each other right there on the street
    Sentido IV (considerarse) darse POR algo:
    con eso me daría por satisfecha I'd be quite happy with that
    no se dará por vencida hasta que lo consiga she won't give up until she gets it
    puedes darte por contento de haber salido con vida you can count yourself lucky you weren't killed
    no quiere darse por enterado he doesn't want to know
    aludir vi 1. (↑ aludir)
    * * *

     

    dar ( conjugate dar) verbo transitivo
    1


    déme un kilo de peras can I have a kilo of pears?;
    See Also→ conocer verbo transitivo 3 b, entender verbo transitivo
    b) ‹cartas/mano› to give

    2
    a) (donar, regalar) ‹sangre/limosna› to give;


    b) ( proporcionar) ‹fuerzas/valor/esperanza› to give;

    ‹información/idea› to give
    3
    a) (conferir, aportar) ‹sabor/color/forma› to give

    b) ( aplicar) ‹mano de pintura/barniz› to give

    c) ‹sedante/masaje› to give

    4 ( conceder) ‹prórroga/permiso› to give;

    nos dieron un premio we won o got a prize
    5
    a) (expresar, decir) ‹parecer/opinón› to give;

    ◊ ¿le diste las gracias? did you thank him?, did you say thank you?;

    dales saludos give/send them my regards;
    tuve que darle la noticia I was the one who had to break the news to him
    b) (señalar, indicar): me da ocupado or (Esp) comunicando the line's busy o (BrE) engaged;


    1
    a) ( producir) ‹fruto/flor› to bear;

    ‹ dividendos› to pay;

    b) (AmL) ( alcanzar hasta):

    ◊ da 150 kilómetros por hora it can do o go 150 kilometres an hour;

    venía a todo lo que daba it was travelling at full speed;
    ponen la radio a todo lo que da they turn the radio on full blast
    2 (causar, provocar) ‹placer/susto› to give;
    ‹ problemas› to cause;

    el calor le dio sueño/sed the heat made him sleepy/thirsty
    1 ( presentar) ‹ concierto› to give;
    ◊ ¿qué dan esta noche en la tele? what's on TV tonight? (colloq);

    ¿dónde están dando esa película? where's that film showing?
    2
    a) ‹fiesta/conferencia› to give;

    ‹baile/banquete› to hold;
    ‹ discurso› (AmL) to make
    b) (CS) ‹ examen› to take o (BrE) sit;

    ver tb clase 4
    ( realizar la accion que se indica) ‹ grito› to give;

    dame un beso give me a kiss;
    ver tb golpe, paseo, vuelta, etc
    ( considerar) dar algo/a algn por algo:

    ese tema lo doy por sabido I'm assuming you've already covered that topic;
    ¡dalo por hecho! consider it done!
    verbo intransitivo
    1


    [ventana/balcón] to look onto, give onto;
    [fachada/frente] to face
    2 (ser suficiente, alcanzar) dar para algo/algn to be enough for sth/sb;

    dar de sí ‹zapatos/jersey› to stretch
    3 ( arrojar un resultado):

    ¿cuánto da la cuenta? what does it come to?;
    a mí me dio 247 I made it (to be) 247
    4 ( importar):

    ¡qué más da! what does it matter!;
    ¿qué más da? what difference does it make?;
    me da igual I don't mind
    5 ( en naipes) to deal
    1
    a) (pegar, golpear): darle a algn to hit sb;

    ( como castigo) to smack sb;

    el balón dio en el poste the ball hit the post


    2 (accionar, mover) darle a algo ‹a botón/tecla› to press sth;
    ‹ a interruptor› to flick sth;
    ‹a manivela/volante› to turn sth
    3


    ‹ solución› to hit upon, find;
    ‹ palabra› to come up with
    4 (hablando de manías, ocurrencias) darle a algn por hacer algo ‹por pintar/cocinar› to take to doing sth;
    ◊ le ha dado por decir que … he's started saying that …

    5 [sol/luz]:

    la luz le daba de lleno en los ojos the light was shining right in his eyes
    darse verbo pronominal
    1 ( producirse) [fruta/trigo] to grow
    2 ( presentarse) [oportunidad/ocasión] to arise
    3 ( resultar) (+ me/te/le etc):

    a) ( refl) ( realizar lo que se indica) ‹ducha/banquete› to have;

    ◊ dárselas de algo: se las da de valiente/de que sabe mucho he likes to make out he's brave/he knows a lot;

    dárselas de listo to act smart
    b) (golpearse, pegarse):


    se dieron contra un árbol they crashed into a tree;
    se dio dar un golpe en la rodilla he hit his knee
    ( considerarse) darse por algo:

    ver tb aludir a, enterado 1
    dar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 to give: dame la mano, hold my hand
    2 (conceder) to give: mi padre me dio permiso, my father gave me permission
    le doy toda la razón, I think he is quite right
    3 (transmitir una noticia) to tell
    (un recado, recuerdos) to pass on, give
    dar las gracias, to thank
    4 (retransmitir u ofrecer un espectáculo) to show, put on
    5 (organizar una fiesta) to throw, give
    6 (producir lana, miel, etc) to produce, yield
    (fruto, flores) to bear
    (beneficio, interés) to give, yield
    7 (causar un dolor, malestar) dar dolor de cabeza, to give a headache
    (un sentimiento) dar pena, to make sad
    le da mucha vergüenza, he's very embarrassed
    8 (proporcionar) to provide: su empresa da trabajo a cincuenta personas, his factory gives work to fifty people
    9 (una conferencia, charla) to give
    (impartir clases) to teach
    (recibir una clase) to have
    US to take
    10 (presentir) me da (en la nariz/en el corazón) que eso va a salir bien, I have a feeling that everything is going to turn out well
    11 (estropear) to ruin: me dio la noche con sus ronquidos, he spoilt my sleep with his snoring
    12 (abrir el paso de la luz) to switch on
    (del gas, agua) to turn on
    13 (propinar una bofetada, un puntapié, etc) to hit, give
    14 (aplicar una mano de pintura, cera) to apply, put on
    (un masaje, medicamento) to give
    15 (considerar) dar por, to assume, consider: lo dieron por muerto, he was given up for dead
    ese dinero lo puedes dar por perdido, you can consider that money lost
    dar por supuesto/sabido, to take for granted, to assume
    16 (la hora, un reloj) to strike: aún no habían dado las ocho, it was not yet past eight o'clock
    17 (realizar la acción que implica el objeto) dar un abrazo/susto, to give a hug/fright
    dar un paseo, to go for a walk
    dar una voz, to give a shout
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (sobrevenir) le dio un ataque de nervios, she had an attack of hysterics
    2 dar de comer/cenar, to provide with lunch/dinner 3 dar a, (mirar, estar orientado a) to look out onto, to overlook
    (una puerta) to open onto, lead to: esa puerta da al jardín, this door leads out onto the garden 4 dar con, (una persona, objeto) to come across: no fuimos capaces de dar con la contraseña, we couldn't come up with the password
    dimos con él, we found him 5 dar de sí, (una camiseta, bañador) to stretch, give 6 dar en, to hit: el sol me daba en los ojos, the sun was (shining) in my eyes 7 dar para, to be enough o sufficient for: ese dinero no me da para nada, this money isn't enough for me
    ♦ Locuciones: dar a alguien por: le dio por ponerse a cantar, she decided to start singing
    le dio por nadar, he got it into his head to go swimming
    dar a entender a alguien que..., to make sb understand that...
    dar la mano a alguien, to shake hands with sb
    dar para: el presupuesto no da para más, the budget will not stretch any further
    dar que hablar, to set people talking
    dar que pensar: el suceso dio que pensar, the incident gave people food for thought
    dar a conocer, (noticia) to release
    ' dar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abasto
    - abrigar
    - acelerón
    - acertar
    - acogerse
    - acomodar
    - acreditar
    - admitir
    - aflojar
    - agradecer
    - alarma
    - albergue
    - alcance
    - alerta
    - alimentar
    - alojamiento
    - alta
    - amagar
    - apetecer
    - apurar
    - armar
    - asesorar
    - atinar
    - baño
    - batalla
    - blanca
    - blanco
    - bola
    - bote
    - brazo
    - brinco
    - buena
    - bueno
    - cabezada
    - cabida
    - cada
    - calabaza
    - calentar
    - callar
    - callada
    - callo
    - campanada
    - cancha
    - cante
    - cara
    - carpetazo
    - carrete
    - casar
    - chivatazo
    - citar
    English:
    about-face
    - about-turn
    - act up
    - advance
    - amplify
    - announce
    - around
    - attach
    - attest
    - back
    - backpedal
    - barge into
    - bear
    - beat
    - beat up
    - beg
    - begrudge
    - birth
    - block
    - bluster
    - bolster
    - bop
    - boss about
    - boss around
    - bother
    - bounce
    - bound
    - breast-feed
    - brief
    - buff
    - bull's-eye
    - butt
    - call
    - chase down
    - checkmate
    - cheer
    - chime
    - circle
    - clout
    - coach
    - come across
    - credence
    - day
    - deal
    - death
    - deliver
    - deposit
    - direct
    - discharge
    - disgust
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [entregar, otorgar] to give;
    dar algo a alguien to give sth to sb, to give sb sth;
    da parte de sus ingresos a los necesitados she gives o donates part of her income to the poor;
    dame el azúcar, por favor could you pass o give me the sugar, please?;
    ¡dámelo! give it to me!, give me it!;
    se lo di a mi hermano I gave it to my brother;
    daría cualquier cosa por saber lo que piensa I'd give anything to know what he's thinking
    2. [pagar] to give;
    [ofrecer en pago] to offer;
    ¿cuánto te dieron por la casa? how much did they give you for the house?;
    el concesionario me da 2.000 euros por la moto vieja the dealer's offering 2,000 euros for my old motorbike;
    300 dólares, ¿quién da más? [en subasta] is there any advance on 300 dollars?
    3. [proporcionar] to give, to provide with;
    la salsa le da un sabor muy bueno the sauce gives it a very pleasant taste, the sauce makes it taste very nice;
    este color le da un aspecto diferente a la habitación this colour makes the room look different;
    le di instrucciones de cómo llegar a casa I gave her directions for getting to my house;
    no nos dio ninguna explicación sobre su ausencia he didn't give us o provide us with any explanation for his absence;
    le dimos ánimos para que siguiera con su trabajo we encouraged her to continue with her work;
    su familia hizo un gran esfuerzo por darle estudios universitarios his family went to a great deal of effort to enable him to go to university
    4. [conceder] to give;
    le han dado el Premio Nobel she has been awarded o given the Nobel Prize;
    le dieron una beca he was awarded o given a grant;
    yo no le daría demasiada importancia I wouldn't attach too much importance to it;
    al final me dieron la razón in the end they accepted that I was right;
    le dieron una semana más para presentar el informe they gave o allowed him one more week to hand in the report;
    me dieron permiso para ir al médico I got o was allowed time off work to go to the doctor;
    ¿da su permiso para entrar? may I come in?;
    nos dieron facilidades de pago they offered us easy payment terms;
    los médicos no le dan más de seis meses de vida the doctors don't give him more than six months (to live);
    ¿qué interpretación das a este descubrimiento? how would you interpret this discovery?
    5. [decir]
    dar los buenos días to say hello;
    le di las gracias por su ayuda I thanked her for her help;
    fuimos a darles el pésame we went to offer them our condolences;
    dale recuerdos de mi parte give him my regards, say hello to him from me;
    dale la enhorabuena give her my congratulations;
    me dio su opinión al respecto he gave me his opinion on the matter;
    ¿quién le dará la noticia? who's going to tell o give her the news?
    6. [producir] to give, to produce;
    [frutos, flores] to bear; [beneficios, intereses] to yield;
    estas vacas dan mucha leche these cows produce a lot of milk;
    esta cuenta da un 5 por ciento de interés this account offers a 5 percent interest rate, this account bears interest at 5 percent;
    esta lámpara da mucha luz this light is very bright;
    le dio tres hijos she bore him three children
    7. [provocar] to give;
    me da vergüenza/pena it makes me ashamed/sad;
    me da risa it makes me laugh;
    me da miedo it frightens me;
    ¡me da una rabia que me traten así! it infuriates me that they should treat me in this way!;
    me dio un susto tremendo she gave me a real fright;
    el viaje me dio mucho sueño the journey made me really sleepy;
    da gusto leer un libro tan bien escrito it's a pleasure to read such a well-written book;
    los cacahuetes dan mucha sed peanuts make you very thirsty;
    este paseo me ha dado hambre this walk has made me hungry o given me an appetite;
    estas botas dan mucho calor these boots are very warm
    8. [luz, agua, gas] [encender] to turn o switch on;
    [suministrar por primera vez] to connect; [suministrar tras un corte] to turn back on
    9. [fiesta, cena] to have, to hold;
    dar una cena en honor de alguien to hold o give a dinner in sb's honour;
    darán una recepción después de la boda there will be a reception after the wedding
    10. [en naipes] [repartir] to deal
    11. [sujeto: reloj] to strike;
    el reloj dio las doce the clock struck twelve
    12. Cine, Teatro & TV to show;
    [concierto, interpretación] to give;
    ¿qué dan esta noche en la tele? – dan una película del oeste what's on the TV tonight? – they're showing a western o there's a western on;
    dieron la ceremonia en directo they broadcast the ceremony live
    13. [propinar]
    le di una bofetada I slapped him, I gave him a slap;
    dio una patada a la pelota he kicked the ball;
    darle un golpe/una puñalada a alguien to hit/stab sb
    14. [untar con, aplicar]
    dar una capa de pintura al salón to give the living-room a coat of paint;
    dar barniz a una silla to varnish a chair
    15. [señales, indicios] to show;
    dar pruebas de sensatez to show good sense;
    dar señales de vida to show signs of life
    16. [enseñar] to teach;
    [conferencia] to give;
    dar inglés/historia to teach English/history;
    dio una clase muy interesante she gave a very interesting class;
    mañana no daremos clase there won't be a class tomorrow
    17. Esp [recibir] [clase] to have;
    doy clases de piano con una profesora francesa I have piano classes with a French piano teacher;
    doy dos clases de francés a la semana I have two French classes a week
    18. [expresa acción]
    dar un grito to give a cry;
    dar un suspiro to sigh, to give a sigh;
    dar un vistazo a to have a look at;
    dio lectura a los resultados de la elección she read out the election results;
    cuando se enteró de la noticia, dio saltos de alegría when he heard the news, he jumped for joy;
    voy a dar un paseo I'm going (to go) for a walk
    19. Esp Fam [fastidiar] to ruin;
    es tan pesado que me dio la tarde he's so boring that he ruined the afternoon for me;
    el bebé nos da las noches con sus lloros the baby never lets us get a decent night's sleep
    20. [considerar]
    dar algo por to consider sth as;
    eso lo doy por hecho I take that for granted;
    doy por sentado que vendrás a la fiesta I take it for granted that o I assume you'll be coming to the party;
    doy por explicado este periodo histórico that's all I want to say about this period of history;
    doy esta discusión por terminada I consider this discussion to be over;
    dar a alguien por muerto to give sb up for dead
    21. Fam [presentir]
    me da que no van a venir I have a feeling they're not going to come
    22. RP [inyección] to give
    23. Comp
    donde las dan las toman you get what you deserve;
    no dar una to get everything wrong
    ♦ vi
    1. [en naipes] [repartir] to deal;
    me toca dar a mí it's my deal
    2. [entregar]
    dame, que ya lo llevo yo give it to me, I'll carry it
    3. [horas] to strike;
    dieron las tres three o'clock struck
    4. [golpear]
    le dieron en la cabeza they hit him on the head;
    la piedra dio contra el cristal the stone hit the window;
    como no te portes bien, te voy a dar if you don't behave, I'll smack you
    5. [accionar]
    dar a [llave de paso] to turn;
    [botón, timbre] to press;
    dale al control remoto hit the remote control;
    dale al pedal press down on the pedal;
    Informát
    dale a la tecla de retorno hit o press return;
    dale a la manivela turn the handle
    6. [estar orientado]
    dar a [sujeto: ventana, balcón] to look out onto, to overlook;
    [sujeto: pasillo, puerta] to lead to; [sujeto: casa, fachada] to face;
    todas las habitaciones dan al mar all the rooms look out onto o face the sea
    7. [sujeto: luz, viento]
    el sol daba de lleno en la habitación the sunlight was streaming into the room;
    la luz me daba directamente en la cara the light was shining directly in my face;
    aquí da mucho viento it's very windy here
    8. [encontrar]
    dar con algo/alguien to find sth/sb;
    he dado con la solución I've hit upon the solution
    9. [proporcionar]
    dar de beber a alguien to give sb something to drink;
    da de mamar a su hijo she breast-feeds her son
    10. [ser suficiente]
    dar para to be enough for;
    no dar ni para pipas: ¡eso no te da ni para pipas! that's not even enough to buy a bag of peanuts!
    11. [motivar]
    esta noticia va a dar mucho que hablar this news will set people talking;
    aquello me dio que pensar that made me think
    12. [importar]
    ¡y a ti qué más te da! what's it to you?;
    me da igual o [m5] lo mismo it's all the same to me, I don't mind o care;
    no vamos a poder ir al cine – ¡qué más da! we won't be able to go to the cinema – never mind!;
    y si no lo conseguimos, ¿qué más da? if we don't manage it, so what?;
    ¡qué más da quién lo haga con tal de que lo haga bien! what does it matter o what difference does it make who does it as long as they do it properly?;
    lo siento, no voy a poder ayudar – da igual, no te preocupes I'm sorry but I won't be able to help – it doesn't matter, don't worry;
    ¿vamos o nos quedamos? – da lo mismo should we go or should we stay? – it doesn't make any difference
    13. [acertar]
    dio en el blanco she hit the target;
    diste en el blanco, hay que intentar reducir las pérdidas you hit the nail on the head, we have to try and reduce our losses
    14. [tomar costumbre]
    le ha dado por el yoga he's decided to go in for yoga;
    ahora le ha dado por no comer fruta now she's decided not to eat fruit;
    le dio por ponerse a cantar en medio de la clase he took it into his head to start singing in the middle of the class;
    ¿está aprendiendo ruso? – sí, le ha dado por ahí is she learning Russian? – yes, that's her latest thing;
    Formal
    dar en hacer algo to take to doing sth;
    el viejo dio en leer libros de caballería the old man took to reading books on chivalry
    15. [expresa repetición]
    le dieron de palos they beat him repeatedly with sticks
    16. [afectar]
    le dio un infarto he had a heart attack
    17.
    dar de sí [ropa, calzado] to give, to stretch;
    no dar más de sí o [m5] para más [persona, animal] not to be up to much any more;
    este sueldo da mucho de sí this salary goes a long way;
    estos zapatos no dan para más these shoes have had it;
    es un poco tonto, no da para más he's a bit stupid, he's not up to anything else
    18. [expresa enfado]
    te digo que pares y tú, ¡dale (que dale)! I've told you to stop, but you just carry on and on!;
    ¡y dale con la música! there he goes again, playing loud music!;
    te hemos dicho que no menciones el tema, y tú, dale que te pego we've told you not to mention the subject, but you just carry on regardless o but here you are, bringing it up again;
    ¡y dale! te lo he dicho bien claro, no voy a ir how many times do I have to tell you? o I've said it once and I'll say it again, I'm not going
    19. RP [comunicar]
    ¿me darías con tu madre? could I speak to your mother?, could you put your mother on?;
    le doy con el Sr. Hualde I'll put you through to Mr Hualde
    20. Comp
    Fam
    para dar y tomar: había cerveza para dar y tomar there was loads of beer;
    Fam
    darle a: ¡cómo le da a la cerveza! he certainly likes his beer!;
    Fam
    darle algo a alguien: si no se calla me va a dar algo if he doesn't shut up soon, I'll go mad;
    si sigues trabajando así te va a dar algo you can't go on working like that;
    Esp muy Fam
    ¡que le den!: ¿que no quiere cooperar? ¡que le den! he doesn't want to co-operate? well, stuff him!
    * * *
    <part dado>
    I v/t
    1 give; fiesta give, have;
    dar un salto/una patada jump/kick, give a jump/kick;
    dar miedo a frighten;
    el jamón me dio sed the ham made me thirsty;
    dar de comer/beber a alguien give s.o. something to eat/drink
    2 fruta bear; luz give off; beneficio yield
    3 película show, screen
    4
    :
    el reloj dio las tres the clock struck three
    5
    :
    ¡dale (que dale)! fam don’t keep on! fam ;
    y siguió dale que te pego fam and he kept on and on
    II v/i
    1 give; de cartas en juego deal;
    dame give it to me, give me it
    2
    :
    dar a de ventana look onto
    3
    :
    dar con algo/alguien come across sth/s.o., find sth/s.o.;
    no di con el nombre I couldn’t think of the name
    4
    :
    dar de sí de material stretch, give;
    dar para be enough for;
    no da para más it’s past its best
    5
    :
    le dio por insultar a su madre fam she started insulting her mother
    6
    :
    ¡qué más da! what does it matter!;
    da igual it doesn’t matter
    7
    :
    en algo hit sth;
    el sol le daba en la cara he had the sun in his eyes, the sun was in his eyes
    8
    :
    dar por muerto a alguien give s.o. up for dead
    9
    :
    dar que hablar give people something to talk about;
    da que pensar it makes you think, it gives you something to think about
    * * *
    dar {22} vt
    1) : to give
    2) entregar: to deliver, to hand over
    3) : to hit, to strike
    4) : to yield, to produce
    5) : to perform
    6) : to give off, to emit
    7)
    dar por : to regard as, to consider
    dar vi
    1) alcanzar: to suffice, to be enough
    no me da para dos pasajes: I don't have enough for two fares
    2)
    dar a or
    dar sobre : to overlook, to look out on
    3)
    dar con : to run into
    4)
    dar con : to hit upon (an idea)
    5)
    dar de sí : to give, to stretch
    * * *
    dar vb
    1. (en general) to give [pt. gave; pp. given]
    ¿cuánto me das por lavarte el coche? how much will you give me for washing your car?
    ¿me da un kilo de naranjas, por favor? could I have a kilo of oranges, please?
    5. (ofrecer fiesta) to have
    6. (impartir clases) to teach [pt. & pp. taught]
    7. (tener ataque, enfermedad) to have
    8. (producir fruto, flores) to bear [pt. bore; pp. borne]
    9. (sonar las horas) to strike [pt. & pp. struck]
    10. (encender, conectar) to turn on
    ¿has dado el gas? have you turned the gas on?
    11. (chocar, golpear) to hit [pt. & pp. hit]
    12. (decir) to say [pt. & pp. said]
    me dio las buenas noches he said goodnight to me / he wished me goodnight
    dar a to overlook / to look onto
    dar a entender to imply [pt. & pp. implied]
    dar a luz to give birth [pt. gave; pp. given]
    dar de comer to feed [pt. & pp. fed]
    dar igual not to matter / not to mind

    Spanish-English dictionary > dar

  • 28 económico

    adj.
    1 economic, economical, saving, sparing.
    2 cost-reducing, cost-cutting, cash-saving, economical.
    3 economic, related to economics.
    4 cheap to run, economic, cost-effective.
    5 inexpensive, cheap, low-priced, knockdown.
    * * *
    1 (gen) economic
    2 (barato) cheap, economical, inexpensive
    3 (persona) thrifty, careful with money
    \
    crisis económica economic crisis, recession
    * * *
    (f. - económica)
    adj.
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) [gen] economic; [año] fiscal, financial
    2) (=barato) economical, inexpensive

    edición económica — cheap edition, popular edition

    3) (=ahorrativo) thrifty; pey miserly
    ECONÓMICO ¿"Economic" o "economical"? ► El adjetivo económico se traduce por economic cuando se refiere al comercio o las finanzas: China ha vivido cinco años de reformas económicas China has lived through five years of economic reforms ... el ritmo del crecimiento económico...... the pace of economic growth... ► Económico se traduce por economical cuando se usa para describir algo que presenta una buena relación calidad-precio: Resulta más económico tener un coche de gasoil It is more economical to have a diesel-engined car Economic se puede usar en inglés para traducir rentable: Mantendremos las tarifas altas para que el servicio resulte rentable We shall keep the fares high to make the service economic Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada
    * * *
    - ca adjetivo
    1) <crisis/situación> economic (before n); <problema/independencia> financial
    2)
    a) <piso/comida> cheap; <restaurante/hotel> cheap, inexpensive
    b) ( que gasta poco) < motor> economical; < persona> thrifty
    * * *
    - ca adjetivo
    1) <crisis/situación> economic (before n); <problema/independencia> financial
    2)
    a) <piso/comida> cheap; <restaurante/hotel> cheap, inexpensive
    b) ( que gasta poco) < motor> economical; < persona> thrifty
    * * *
    económico1
    1 = economic, financial, fiscal, monetary, monied, pecuniary, budget, moneyed.

    Ex: Generally, the availability of centralised cataloguing records will, if the economic aspects are favourable, encourage uniformity.

    Ex: SIA in the United Kingdom covers information on travel and transport, economics in EEC countries, construction of nuclear power stations, and financial information.
    Ex: The effect of fiscal pressures is particularly evident for government on-line systems, such as DOE/RECON.
    Ex: For example, if the local currency is Belgian francs, monetary amount are always entered in whole francs.
    Ex: This will shift the dynamics of information flow to policymakers to favour monied special interests, which threatens the democratic process.
    Ex: George Watson Cole refers to his mental derangement and pecuniary embarrassment.
    Ex: The aricle has the title ' budget CD-Rewritable drives: to get the best deal, buy a CD-RW drive that's not top of the line'.
    Ex: It is generally recognized that collecting money from moneyed deadbeats is as much a social problem as street thuggery.
    * apoyo económico = financial backing.
    * ayuda económica = fund assistance, financial assistance, grant money, grant, cash grant.
    * bache económico = economic doldrums.
    * brigada de delitos económicos = fraud squad.
    * burbuja económica = price bubble.
    * capacidad económica = earning capacity, earning power.
    * capital económico = financial capital.
    * Clasificación Industrial General de las Actividades Económicas = General Industrial Classification of Economic Activities (NACE).
    * clima económico = economic climate.
    * comprobación de las necesidades económicas = means-testing, means test.
    * comprobar las necesidades económicas = means test.
    * Comunidad Económica Europea (CEE) = European Economic Community (EEC).
    * con poco recursos económicos = low-budget.
    * crisis económica = economic crisis, economic slump, difficult economic times, economic depression, economic doldrums.
    * crisis económica mundial = global economic slump.
    * cuestión económica = economic issue, financial issue.
    * depresión económica = economic depression, economic doldrums.
    * de recesión económica = recessionary.
    * desastre económico = financial disaster, economic disaster.
    * desde un punto de vista económico = economically.
    * de un modo económico = economically.
    * donación económica = monetary donation.
    * donación económica de fundación = endowment fund.
    * económico-técnico = economic-technical.
    * eficacia económica = economic efficiency.
    * ejercicio económico = business year, accounting year.
    * en tiempos de recesión económica = in recessionary times.
    * equiparación económica = economic levelling.
    * estatus económico = economic status.
    * evaluación de las necesidades económicas = means-testing, means test.
    * evaluar las necesidades económicas = means test.
    * fondo económico = funds.
    * hastiado de la recesión económica = recession-weary.
    * historiador económico = economic historian.
    * incertidumbre económica = economic uncertainty.
    * índice económico = economic index.
    * influencia económica = economic influence.
    * información económica = business news.
    * informe económico = economic report.
    * interés económico = economic interest.
    * mala racha económica = economic doldrums.
    * medida económica = economic measure.
    * memoria económica = economic report.
    * modelo económico = economic model.
    * necesidad económica = economic necessity, economic need.
    * nivelación económica = economic levelling.
    * no económico = non-economic [noneconomic].
    * pasar apuros económicos = lead + a precarious existence.
    * política económica = political economy.
    * político-económico = politico-economic.
    * presión económica = economic pressure.
    * que se concede en función de las necesidades económicas = means-tested.
    * recesión económica = economic recession, difficult economic times, economic depression.
    * recortes económicos = economic retrenchment.
    * recuperación económica = economic recovery.
    * reforma económica = economic reform.
    * respaldo económico = financial backing.
    * riesgo económico = financial risk.
    * sanción económica = economic penalty, economic sanction.
    * sistema económico = economic system.
    * situación económica = economic status.
    * situación económica, la = economics of the situation, the.
    * socioeconómico = socioeconomic [socio-economic].
    * teoría económica = economic theory.
    * trastorno económico = economic upheaval.
    * valor económico = economic value, monetary worth.

    económico2
    2 = cheap [cheaper -comp., cheapest -sup.], cost-effective [cost effective], economical, inexpensive, cost-efficient [cost efficient], dollar-saving, money-saving, thrifty [thriftier -comp., thriftiest -sup.], cut-price, cut-rate, affordable.

    Ex: These indexes are both cheap and quick to produce.

    Ex: OFFSEARCH is a means of running a search overnight on more than one data base, in a cost-effective mode.
    Ex: Fixed length fields the are economical on storage space, and records using fixed length fields are quick and easy to code.
    Ex: a microcomputer will need an inexpensive software package in order to suitable for external communication.
    Ex: Good libraries are a cost-efficient integral part of an effective correctional programme in a detention centre.
    Ex: The article 'Two dollar-saving search tips' explains how to eliminate duplicate citations when printing out search results.
    Ex: It is ironic that reduced funding may threaten money-saving automation plans.
    Ex: As such, the library serves a large blue collar population of thrifty, hardworking people with a predilection toward conservatism in lifestyle and thought.
    Ex: Turkey is heavily promoted by tour operators as an idyllic holiday destination, the cut-price alternative to Greece or Cyprus.
    Ex: Most of these cut-rate laptops include a one-year parts and labor warranty.
    Ex: Information will become more affordable, accessible, and plentiful.
    * alojamiento económico = budget accommodation.
    * de forma económica = cost-effectively.
    * de un modo económico = thriftily.
    * de un modo poco económico = wastefully.
    * hotel económico = budget hotel.

    * * *
    A ‹crisis/situación› economic ( before n)
    tienen problemas económicos they have financial problems
    B
    1 ‹piso/comida› cheap; ‹restaurante/hotel› cheap, inexpensive
    2 (que gasta poco) ‹motor› economical; ‹persona› thrifty
    * * *

     

    económico
    ◊ -ca adjetivo

    1 ‹crisis/situación› economic ( before n);
    ‹problema/independencia› financial
    2
    a) ‹piso/comida› cheap;

    ‹restaurante/hotel› cheap, inexpensive

    ‹ persona› thrifty
    económico,-a adjetivo
    1 (país, empresa) economic
    (persona) financial: tienen problemas económicos, they have financial troubles
    2 (barato) economical, inexpensive: el traje me salió muy económico, the suit was very cheap
    comidas económicas, cheap meals
    3 (persona ahorradora) thrifty
    Recuerda que el adjetivo economic, relativo a la economía, no es igual al adjetivo economical, que significa económico, barato.
    ' económico' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ajuste
    - ámbito
    - beneficio
    - bloqueo
    - desajuste
    - despegue
    - económica
    - ejercicio
    - holgura
    - nivel
    - respaldo
    - revés
    - auge
    - clima
    - desbarajuste
    - orden
    - plan
    - refugiado
    - sostén
    English:
    budget
    - business
    - cheap
    - diner
    - ease
    - economic
    - economical
    - fall back on
    - financial
    - inexpensive
    - thrifty
    - wasteful
    - café
    - economics
    - support
    - third
    - uneconomical
    * * *
    económico, -a adj
    1. [asunto, doctrina, crisis] economic;
    la política económica del gobierno the government's economic policy;
    una familia con problemas económicos a family with financial problems;
    mi situación económica es desesperante my financial situation is desperate
    2. [barato] cheap, low-cost;
    pagándolo al contado te sale más económico it works out cheaper if you pay in cash
    3. [que gasta poco] [motor, aparato] economical;
    [persona] thrifty
    * * *
    adj
    1 economic
    2 ( barato) economical
    * * *
    económico, -ca adj
    : economic, economical
    * * *
    1. (de la economía) economic
    2. (que gasta poco) economical
    3. (que cuesta poco) inexpensive

    Spanish-English dictionary > económico

  • 29 दुर् _dur

    दुर् ind. (A prefix substituted for दुस् before words beginning with vowels or soft consonants in the sense of 'bad'. 'hard' or 'difficult to do a certain thing'; for compounds with दुस् as first member see दुस् s. v.).
    -Comp. -अक्ष a.
    1 weak-eyed.
    -2 evileyed.
    (-क्षः) 1 a loaded or false die.
    -2 dishonest gambling.
    -अक्षरम् an evil word; श्रुतिं ममाविश्य भवद्दुरक्षरं सृजत्यदः कीटकवदुत्कटा रुजः N.9.63.
    -अतिक्रम a. difficult to be overcome or conquered, unconquerable; सर्वं तु तपसा साध्यं तपो हि दुरति- क्रमम् Ms.11.2.38; स्वभावो दुरतिक्रमः 'nature cannot be changed'; स्वजातिर्दुरतिक्रमा Pt.1.
    -2 insurmountable, impassable; B. R.6.18-19.
    -3 inevitable. (
    -मः) an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -अत्यय a.
    1 difficult to be overcome; स्वर्गमार्गपरिघो दुरत्ययः R.11.88.
    -2 hard to be attained or fathomed; स एष आत्मा स्वपरेत्यबुद्धिभिर्दुरत्यया- नुक्रमणो निरूप्यते Bhāg.7.5.13.
    -अदृष्टम् ill-luck, misfortune.
    -अधिग, -अधिगम a.
    1 hard to reach or attain, unattainable; Bhāg.3.23.8; दुरधिगमः परभागो यावत्पुरुषेण पौरुषं न कृतम् Pt.1.33.
    -2 insurmountable.
    -3 hard to be studied or understood; इह दुरधिगमैः किञ्चि- देवागमैः Ki.5.18.
    -अधिष्ठित a. badly performed, managed, or executed. (
    -तम्) improper stay at a place.
    -अधीत a. badly learnt or read.
    -अध्यय a.
    1 difficult of attainment; सहस्रवर्त्मा चपलैर्दुरध्ययः Śi.12.11.
    -2 hard to be studied.
    -अध्यवसायः a foolish undertaking.
    -अध्वः a bad road; स्वयं दुरध्वार्णवनाविकाः कथं स्पृशन्तु विज्ञाय हृदापि तादृशीम् N.9.33.
    -अन्त a.
    1 whose end is difficult to be reached, endless, infinite; संकर्षणाय सूक्ष्माय दुरन्तायान्तकाय च Bhāg.
    -2 ending ill or in misery, unhappy; अहो दुरन्ता बलवद्विरोधिता Ki.1.23; नृत्यति युवति- जनेन समं सखि विरहिजनस्य दुरन्ते (वसन्ते) Gīt.1; इयमुदरदरी- दुरन्तधारा यदि न भवेदभिमानभङ्गभूमिः Udb.
    -3 hard to be understood or known.
    -4 insurmountable.
    -अन्तक a. = दुरन्त q. v. (
    -कः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -अन्वय a.
    1 difficult to be passed along; Mb.14.51.17.
    -2 hard to be carried out or followed.
    -3 difficult to be attained. or understood; बुद्धिश्च ते महाप्राज्ञ देवैरपि दुरन्वया Rām.3. 66.18.
    -4 not suitable, improper; वचो दुरन्वयं विप्रास्तूष्णी- मासन्भ्रमद्धियः Bhāg.1.84.14.
    (-यः) 1 a wrong conclusion, one wrongly inferred from given premisses.
    -2 (in gram.) a false agreement.
    -अपवादः ill report. slander.
    -अभिग्रह a. difficult to be caught.
    -अभि- मानिन् a. vain-glorious, disagreeably proud.
    - अवगम a. incomprehensible; Bhāg.5.13.26.
    -अवग्रह a.
    1 difficult to be restrained or subjugated; भक्ता भजस्व दुरवग्रह मा त्यजास्मान् Bhāg.1.29.31.
    -2 disagreeable.
    -अवग्राह a. difficult to be attained; Bhāg.7.1.19.
    -अवच्छद a. difficult to be hidden; हेतुभिर्लक्षयांचक्रुराप्रीतां दुरवच्छदैः Bhāg.1.62.28.
    -अवबोध a. unintelligible. Bhāg.1.49.29.
    -अवसित a. unfathomed, difficult to be ascertained, द्युपतिभिरजशक्रशंकराद्यैर्दुरवसितस्तवमच्युतं नतो$स्मि Bhāg.12.12.67.
    -अवस्थ a. ill off, badly or poorly circumstanced.
    -अवस्था, -स्थानम् a wretched or miser- able state; Bhāg.5.3.12.
    -अवाप a. difficult to be gained or fulfilled; Ś.1.
    -अवेक्षितम् an improper look.
    -अह्नः a bad day.
    -आकृति a. ugly, mis-shaped.
    -आक्रन्द a. crying bitterly or miserably; किं क्रन्दसि दुराक्रन्द स्वपक्ष- क्षयकारक Pt.4.29.
    -आक्रम a.
    1 invincible, unconquer- able.
    -2 difficult to be passed.
    -आक्रमणम् 1 unfair attack.
    -2 difficult approach.
    -आगमः improper or illegal acquisition.
    -आग्रहः foolish obstinacy, head- strongness, pertinacity; ममाहमित्यूढदुराग्रहाणां पुंसाम् Bhāg.3. 5.43.
    1 hard to be performed.
    -2 incurable (as a disease).
    -आचार a.
    1 ill-conducted, badly be- haved.
    -2 following bad practices, wicked, depraved; अपि चेत्सुदुराचारो भजते मामनन्यभाक् Bg.9.3. (
    -रः) bad practice, ill-conduct, wikedness.
    -आढ्य a. not rich, poor.
    -आत्मता vileness, baseness, wickedness.
    -आत्मन् a. evil-natured, low, wicked, vile, base, mean; ये च प्राहुर्दुरात्मानो दुराराध्या महीभुजः Pt.1.39. (-m.) a rascal, villain, scoundrel.
    - आधर a. difficult to be withstood or overpowered, irresistible.
    -आधर्ष a. hard to be approached or assailed, unassailable जगन्नाथो दुराधर्षो गङ्गां भागीरथीं प्रति Mb.
    -2 not to be attacked with impu- nity.
    -3 haughty. (
    -र्षः) white mustard.
    -आधारः an epithet of Śiva.
    -आधिः (m.)
    1 distress or anxiety of mind; निरस्तनारीसमया दुराधयः Ki.1.28.
    -2 indignation.
    -आधी a. Ved. malignant, thinking ill of.
    - आनम a. difficult to bend or draw; स विचिन्त्य धनुर्दुरानमम् R.11.38.
    -आप a.
    1 difficult to be obtained; श्रिया दुरापः कथमीप्सितो भवेत् Ś.3.13; R.1.72;6.62.
    -2 difficult to be ap- proached; Pt.1.67.
    -3 hard to be overcome.
    -आपादन a. difficult to be brought about; किं दुरापादनं तेषाम् Bhāg.3.23.42.
    -आपूर a. difficult to be filled or satisfied; Bhāg.7.6.8.
    -आबाध a. hard to be molested. (
    -धः) N. of Śiva.
    -आमोदः bad scent, stench; शवधूमदुरामोदः शालिभक्ते$त्र विद्यते Ks.82.22.
    -आराध्य a. difficult to be propitiated, hard to be won over or conciliated; दुराराध्याः श्रियो राज्ञां दुरापा दुष्परिग्रहाः Pt.1.38.
    -आरुह a. difficult to be mounted.
    (-हः) 1 the Bilva tree.
    -2 the cocoanut tree.
    -3 the date tree.
    -आरोप a. difficult to be strung (bow); दुरारोपमैन्दुशेखरं धनुर्दुर्निवारा रावणभुजदण्डाः B. R.1.46-47.
    -आरोह a. difficult of ascent.
    (-हः) 1 The cocoanut tree.
    -2 the palm tree.
    -3 the date tree.
    -आलापः 1 a curse, imprecation.
    -2 foul of abusive language.
    -आलोक a.
    1 difficult to be seen or perceived.
    -2 painfully bright, dazzling; दुरालोकः स समरे निदाघाम्बररत्नवत् K. P.1. (
    -कः) dazzling splendour.
    -आव(वा)र a.
    1 difficult to be covered or filled up; दुरावरं त्वदन्येन राज्यखण्डमिदं महत् Rām.2.15.5.
    -2 difficult to be restrained, shut in, kept back or stopped.
    -आवर्त a. difficult to be convinced or set up; भवन्ति सुदुरावर्ता हेतुमन्तो$पि पण्डिताः Mb.12.19.23.
    1 evil-minded, wicked, malicious, स्फुटनिर्भिन्नो दुराशयो$धमः Śi. उपेयिवान् मूलमशेषमूलं दुराशयः कामदुघाङ्घ्रिपस्य Bhāg.3.21.15.
    -2 having a bad place or rest. (-m.) the subtle body which is not destroyed by death (लिङ्गदेह); एतन्मे जन्म लोके$स्मिन्मुमुक्षूणां दुराशयात् Bhāg.3.24. 36.
    -आशा 1 a bad or wicked desire.
    -2 hoping against hope.
    -आस a. difficult to be abided or associated with; संघर्षिणा सह गुणाभ्यधिकैर्दुरासम् Śi.5.19.
    1 difficult to be approached or overtaken; स सभूव दुरासदः परैः R.3.66; 8.4; Mv.2.5; 4.15.
    -2 difficult to be found or met with.
    -3 unequalled, unparalleled.
    -4 hard to be borne, insupportable.
    -5 difficult to be conquered, unassailable, unconquerable; जहि शत्रुं महाबाहो कामरूपं दुरासदम् Bg.3.43. (
    -दः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -इत a.
    1 difficult.
    -2 sinful.
    (-तम्) 1 a bad course, evil, sin; दरिद्राणां दैन्यं दुरितमथ दुर्वासनहृदां द्रुतं दूरीकुर्वन् G. L.2; R.8.2; Amaru.2; Mv.3.43.
    -2 a difficulty, danger.
    -3 a calamity, evil; अपत्ये यत्तादृग्- दुरितमभवत् U.4.3.
    -इतिः f. Ved.
    1 a bad course.
    -2 difficulty.
    -इष्टम् 1 a curse, imprecation.
    -2 a spell or sacrificial rite performed to injure another person.
    -ईशः a bad lord or master.
    -ईषणा, -एषणा 1 a curse, an imprecation.
    -2 an evil eye.
    -उक्त a. harshly utter- ed; Pt.1.89.
    -उक्तम्, -उक्तिः f. offensive speech, reproach, abuse, censure; लक्ष्मि क्षमस्व वचनीयमिदं दुरुक्तम् Udb.
    -उच्छेद a. difficult to be destroyed.
    -उत्तर a.
    1 unanswerable.
    -2 difficult to be crossed; दुरुत्तरे पङ्क इवान्धकारे Bk.11.2; प्राप्तः पङ्को दुरुत्तरः Ki.15.17.
    - उदय a. appearing with difficulty, not easily manifested; यो$ नात्मनां दुरुदयो भगवान्प्रतीतः Bhāg.3.16.5.
    -उदर्क a. having bad or no consequences; N.5.41.
    -उदाहर a. diffi- cult to be pronounced or composed; अनुज्झितार्थसंबन्धः प्रबन्धो दुरुदाहरः Śi.2.73.
    -उद्वह a. burdensome, unbear- able.
    - उपसद a. difficult of approach; Ki.7.9.
    -उपसर्पिन् a. approaching incautiously; एकमेव दहत्यग्निर्नरं दुरुपसर्पिणम् Ms.7.9.
    -ऊह a. abstruse; जानीते जयदेव एव शरणः श्लाघ्ये दुरूहद्रुते Gīt.
    -एव a. Ved.
    1 having evil ways.
    -2 irresis- tible, unassailable. (
    -वः) a wicked person.
    -ओषस् a. Ved. slow, lazy.
    - ग 1 difficult of access, inaccessible, impervious, impassable; दुर्गस्त्वेष महापन्थाः Mb.12.3. 5; दुर्गं पथस्तत्कवयो वदन्ति Kaṭh.1.3.14.
    -2 unattain- able.
    -3 incomprehensible.
    -4 following wicked path, vicious; Rām.2.39.22.
    (-गः, -गम्) 1 a difficult or narrow passage through a wood or over a stream, mountain &c., a defile, narrow pass.
    -2 a citadel. fortress, castle; न दुर्गं दुर्गमित्येव दुर्गमं मन्यते जनः । तस्य दुर्गमता सैव यत्प्रभुस्तस्य दुर्गमः ॥ Śiva. B.16.61.
    -3 rough ground.
    -4 difficulty, adversity, calamity, distress, danger; निस्तारयतिं दुर्गाच्च Ms.3.98;11.43; मच्चित्तः सर्व- दुर्गाणि मत्प्रसादात्तरिष्यसि; Bg.18.58.
    (-गः) 1 bdellium.
    -2 the Supreme Being.
    -3 N. of an Asura slain by Durgā (thus receiving her name from him). ˚अध्यक्षः, ˚पतिः, ˚पालः the commandant or governor of a castle. ˚अन्तः The suburb of a fort; दुर्गान्ते सिद्धतापसाः Kau. A. 1.12. ˚कर्मन् n. fortification. ˚कारक a. making difficult. (
    -कः) the birch tree. ˚घ्नी N. of Durgā. ˚तरणी an epithet of Sāvitrī. सावित्री दुर्गतरणी वीणा सप्तविधा तथा Mb. ˚मार्गः a defile, gorge. ˚लङ्घनम् surmounting difficu- lties. (
    -नः) a camel. ˚संचरः
    1 a difficult passage as to a fort &c., a bridge &c. over a defile. ˚संस्कारः Repairs to the old forts; अतो दुर्गसंस्कार आरब्धव्ये किं कौमुदीमहोत्सवेन Mu. ˚सिंहः N. of the author of कलापपरिशिष्ट. ˚व्यसनम् a defect or weak point in a fortress. (
    -र्गा) an epithet of Pārvatī, wife of Śiva.
    -2 the female cuckoo
    -3 N. of several plants. ˚नवमी the 9th day of the bright half of कार्तिक. ˚पूजा the chief festival in honour of दुर्गा in Bengal in the month of Āśvina.
    -गत a.
    1 unfortunate, in bad circumstances; समाश्वसिमि केनाहं कथं प्राणिमि दुर्गतः Bk.18.1.
    -2 indigent, poor.
    -3 distressed, in trouble.
    -गतता ill-luck, poverty, misery; तावज्जन्मातिदुःखाय ततो दुर्गतता सदा Pt.1.265.
    -गतिः f.
    1 misfortune, poverty, want, trouble, indigence; न हि कल्याणकृत्कश्चिद् दुर्गतिं तात गच्छति Bg.6.4.
    -2 a difficult situation or path.
    -3 hell.
    -गन्ध a. ill-smelling.
    (-न्धः) 1 bad odour, stink
    -2 any ill-smelling substance.
    -3 an onion.
    -4 the mango tree. (
    -न्धम्) sochal salt.
    -गन्धि, -गन्धिन् a. ill-smelling.
    -गम a.
    1 impassable, inaccessible, impervious; कामिनीकायकान्तारे कुचपर्वतदुर्गमे Bh.1.86; Śi. 12.49.
    -2 unattainable, difficult of attainment.
    -3 hard to be understood. (
    -मम्) a difficult place like hill etc; भ्राम्यन्ते दुर्गमेष्वपि Pt.5.81.
    -गाढ, -गाध, -गाह्य a. difficult to be fathomed or investigated, unfathomable.
    -गुणितम् not properly studied; चिराम्यस्तपथं याति शास्त्रं दुर्गुणितं यथा Avimārakam.2.4.
    -गोष्ठी evil association; conspiracy. वृद्धो रक्कः कम्पनेशो दुर्गोष्ठीमध्यगो$भवत् Rāj. T.6. 17.
    -ग्रह a.
    1 difficult to be gained or accomplished.
    -2 difficult to be conquered or subjugated; दुर्गाणि दुर्ग्रहाण्यासन् तस्य रोद्धुरपि द्विषाम् R.17.52.
    -3 hard to be understood.
    (-हः) 1 a cramp, spasm.
    -2 obstinacy.
    -3 whim, monomania; कथं न वा दुर्ग्रहदोष एष ते हितेन सम्य- ग्गुरुणापि शम्यते N.9.41.
    -घट a.
    1 difficult. कार्याणि घटयन्नासीद् दुर्घटान्यपि हेलया Rāj. T.4.364.
    -2 impossible.
    -घण a.
    1 closely packed together, very compact.
    -घुरुटः An unbeliever; L. D. B.
    -घोषः 1 a harsh cry.
    -2 a bear.
    -जन a.
    1 wicked, bad, vile.
    -2 slanderous, malicious, mischievous; यथा स्त्रीणां तथा वाचां साधुत्वे दुर्जनो जनः U.1.6. (
    -नः) a bad or wicked person, a malicious or mischievous man, villain; दुर्जनः प्रियवादी च नैतद्विश्वास- कारणम् Chāṇ.24,25; शाम्येत्प्रत्यपकारेण नोपकारेण दुर्जनः Ku.2.4. (दुर्जनायते Den. Ā. to become wicked; स्वजनो$पि दरिद्राणां तत्क्षणाद् दुर्जनायते Pt.1.5.). (दुर्जनीकृ [च्वि] to make blameworthy; दुर्जनीकृतास्मि अनेन मां चित्रगतां दर्शयता Nāg.2).
    -जय a. invincible. (
    -यः) N. of Viṣṇu.
    -जर a.
    1 ever youthful; तस्मिन्स्तनं दुर्जरवीर्यमुल्बणं घोराङ्कमादाय शिशोर्दधावथ Bhāg.1.6.1.
    -2 hard (as food), indigestible.
    -3 difficult to be enjoyed; राजश्रीर्दुर्जरा तस्य नवत्वे भूभुजो$भवत् Rāj. T.5.19.
    -जात a.
    1 unhappy, wretched.
    -2 bad-tempered, bad, wicked; Rāj. T.3. 142.
    -3 false, not genuine. ˚जीयिन् a. one who is born in vain; यो न यातयते वैरमल्पसत्त्वोद्यमः पुमान् । अफलं जन्म तस्याहं मन्ये दुर्जातजायिनः ॥ Mb.
    (-तम्) 1 a misfortune, calamity, difficulty; त्वं तावद् दुर्जाते मे$त्यन्तसाहाय्यकारिणी भव M.3; दुर्जातबन्धुः R.13.72. 'a friend in need or adversity.'
    -2 impropriety.
    -जाति a.
    1 bad natured, vile, wicked; रुदितशरणा दुर्जातीनां सहस्व रुषां फलम् Amaru.96.
    -2 out- cast. (
    -तिः f.) misfortune, ill condition.
    -ज्ञान, -ज्ञेय a. difficult to be known, incomprehensible. उच्चावचेषु भुतेषु दुर्ज्ञेयामकृतात्मभिः Ms.6.73. (
    -यः) N. of Śiva.
    -णयः, -नयः, -नीतिः 1 bad conduct.
    -2 impropriety
    -3 in- justice.
    -णामन्, -नामन् a. having a bad name.
    -णीत a.
    1 ill-behaved.
    -2 impolitic.
    -3 forward. (
    -तम्) miscon- duct; दुर्णीतं किमिहास्ति किं सुचरितं कः स्थानलाभे गुणः H.
    -दम, -दमन, -दम्य a. difficult to be subdued, untamable, indomitable.
    -दर्श a.
    1 difficult to be seen.
    -2 dazzling; सुदुर्दर्शमिदं रूपं दृष्टवानसि यन्मन Bg.11.52.
    -दर्शन a. ugly, ill-looking; दुर्दर्शनेन घटतामियमप्यनेन Māl.2.8.
    -दशा a misfortune, calamity.
    -दान्त a.
    1 hard to be tamed or subdued, untamable; Śi.12.22.
    -2 intractable, proud, insolent; दुर्दान्तानां दमनविधयः क्षत्रियेष्वायतन्ते Mv.3.34.
    (-तः) 1 a calf.
    -2 a strife, quarrel.
    -3 N. of Śiva.
    -दिन a. cloudy, rainy.
    (-नम्) 1 a bad day in general; तद्दिनं दुर्दिनं मन्ये यत्र मित्रागमो हि न Subhāṣ.
    -2 a rainy or cloudy day, stormy or rainy weather; उन्नमत्यकालदुर्दिनम् Mk.5; Ku.6 43; Mv.4.57.
    -3 a shower (of any- thing); द्विषां विषह्य काकुत्स्थस्तत्र नाराचदुर्दिनम् ॥ सन्मङ्गलस्नात इव R.4.41,82;5.47; U.5.5.
    -4 thick darkness; जीमूतैश्च दिशः सर्वाश्चक्रे तिमिरदुर्दिनाः Mb. (दुर्दिनायते Den. Ā. to become cloudy.)
    -दिवसः a dark or rainy day; Pt.1.173.
    -दुरूटः, -ढः 1 an unbeliever
    -2 an abusive word.
    -दृश a.
    1 disagreeable to the sight, disgusting; दुर्दृशं तत्र राक्षसं घोररूपमपश्यत्सः Mb.1.2.298.
    -2 difficult to be seen; पादचारमिवादित्यं निष्पतन्तं सुदुर्दृशम् Rām.7.33.5.
    -दृष्ट a. ill- judged or seen, wrongly decided; Y.2.35.
    -दैवम् ill-luck, misfortune.
    -द्यूतम् an unfair game.
    -द्रुमः onion (green).
    -धर a.
    1 irresistible, difficult to be stopped.
    -2 difficult to be borne or suffered; दुर्धरेण मदनेन साद्यते Ghat.11; Ms.7.28.
    -3 difficult to be accomplished.
    -4 difficult to be kept in memory. (
    -रः) quicksilver.
    -धर्ष a.
    1 inviolable, unassailable.
    -2 inaccessible; संयोजयति विद्यैव नीचगापि नरं सरित् । समुद्रमिव दुर्धर्षं नृपं भाग्य- मतः परम् ॥ H. Pr.5.
    -3 fearful, dreadful.
    -4 haughty.
    -धी a. stupid, silly.
    -नयः 1 arrogance.
    -2 immorality.
    -3 evil strategy; उन्मूलयितुमीशो$हं त्रिवर्गमिव दुर्नयः Mu.5.22.
    -नामकः piles. ˚अरिः a kind of bulbous root (Mar. सुरण).
    -नामन् m. f. a cockle. (-n.) piles.
    -निग्रह a. irre- pressible, unruly; मनो दुर्निग्रहं चलम् Bg.6.35.
    -निमित a. carelessly put or placed on the ground; पदे पदे दुर्निमिते गलन्ती R.7.1.
    -निमित्तम् 1 a bad omen; R.14.5.
    -2 a bad pretext.
    -निवार, -निवार्य a. difficult to be check- ed or warded off, irresistible, invincible.
    -नीतम् 1 mis- conduct, bad policy, demerit, misbehaviour; दुर्णीतं किमि- हास्ति Pt.2.21; H.1.49.
    -2 ill-luck.
    -नीतिः f. mal- administration; दुर्नीतिं तव वीक्ष्य कोपदहनज्वालाजटालो$पि सन्; Bv.4.36.
    -नृपः a bad king; आसीत् पितृकुलं तस्य भक्ष्यं दुर्नृप- रक्षसः Rāj. T.5.417.
    -न्यस्त a. badly arranged; दुर्न्यस्त- पुष्परचितो$पि Māl.9.44.
    -बल a.
    1 weak, feeble.
    -2 enfeebled, spiritless; दुर्बलान्यङ्गकानि U.1.24.
    -3 thin, lean, emaciated; U.3.
    -4 small, scanty, little; स्वार्थोप- पत्तिं प्रति दुर्बलाशः R.5.12.
    -बाध a. Unrestrained (अनिवार); दुर्बाधो जनिदिवसान्मम प्रवृद्धः (आधिः); Mv.6.28.
    -बाल a.
    1 bald-headed.
    -2 void of prepuce.
    -3 having crook- ed hair.
    -बुद्धि a.
    1 silly, foolish, stupid.
    -2 perverse, evil-minded, wicked; धार्तराष्ट्रस्य दुर्बुद्धेर्युद्धे प्रियचिकीर्षवः (समा- गताः) Bg.1.23
    -बुध a. wicked-minded, silly; Mb. 11.4.18.
    -बोध a. unintelligible, unfathomable, inscru- table; निसर्गदुर्बोधमबोधविक्लवाः क्व भूपतीनां चरितं क्व जन्तवः Ki. 1.6.
    -भग a.
    1 unfortunate, unlucky; श्रीवल्लभं दुर्भगाः (निन्दन्ति) Pt.1.415.
    -2 not possessed of good features, ill-looking.
    -भगा 1 a wife disliked by her husband; दुर्भगाभरणप्रायो ज्ञानं भारः क्रियां विना H.1.17.
    -2 an ill-tempered woman, a shrew.
    -3 a widow;
    -भर a. insupportable, burdensome, heavily laden with (comp.); ततो राजाब्रवीदेतं बहुव्यसनदुर्भरः Ks.112.156.
    -भाग्य a. unfortunate, unlucky. (
    ग्यम्) ill-luck.
    -भावना 1 an evil thought.
    -2 a bad tendency.
    -भिक्षम् 1 scarcity of provisions, dearth, famine; Y.2.147; Ms.8.22; उत्सवे व्यसने चैव दुर्भिक्षे... यस्तिष्ठति स बान्धवः H.1.71; Pt.2.
    -2 want in general.
    -भिद, -भेद, -भेद्य a. firm; सुजनस्तु कनकघटवद् दुर्भेद्यश्चाशु संध्येयः Subhāṣ.
    -भृत्यः a bad servant.
    -भिषज्यम् incurability; Bṛi. Up.4.3.14.
    -भ्रातृ m. a bad brother.
    -मङ्कु a. obstinate, disobedient.
    -मति a.
    1 silly, stupid, foolish, ignorant.
    -2 wicked, evilminded; न सांपरायिकं तस्य दुर्मतेर्विद्यते फलम् Ms.11.3.
    -मद a. drun- ken, ferocious, maddened, infatuated; Bhāg.1.15.7.
    -दः foolish pride, arrogance.
    -दम् the generative organ; ग्रामकं नाम विषयं दुर्मदेन समन्वितः Bhāg.4.25.52.
    -मनस् a. troubled in mind, discouraged, disspirited, sad, malancholy; अद्य बार्हस्पतः श्रीमान् युक्तः पुष्येण राघवः । प्रोच्यतै ब्राह्मणैः प्राज्ञैः केन त्वमसि दुर्मनाः ॥ Rām. [दुर्मनायते Den. Ā. to be troubled in mind, be sad, meditate sorrowfully, to be disconso- late, become vexed or fretted; Māl.3].
    -मनुष्यः a bad or wicked man.
    -मन्त्रः, -मन्त्रितम्, -मन्त्रणा evil advice, bad counsel; दुर्मन्त्रान्नृपतिर्विनश्यति; Pt.1.169.
    -मरम् a hard or difficult death; Mb.14.61.9.
    -मरी a kind of दूर्वा grass.
    -मरणम् violent or unnatural death.
    -मर्ष a.
    1 unbearable; Bhāg.6.5.42.
    -2 obstinate, hostile.
    -मर्षणः N. of Viṣṇu.
    -मर्षित a. provocated, encouraged; एवं दुर्मर्षितो राजा स मात्रा बभ्रुवाहनः Mb.14. 79.13,
    -मर्याद a. immodest, wicked.
    -मल्लिका, -मल्ली a minor drama, comedy, farce; S. D.553.
    -मित्रः 1 a bad friend.
    -2 an enemy.
    -मुख a.
    1 having a bad face, hideous, ugly; Bh.1.9.
    -2 foul-mouthed, abusive, scurrilous; Bh.2.69.
    (-खः) 1 a horse.
    -2 N. of Śiva.
    -3 N. of a serpent king (Nm.)
    -4 N. of a monkey (Nm.)
    -5 N. of a year (29th year out of 6 years cycle).
    -मूल्य a. highly priced, dear.
    -मेधस् a. silly, foolish, dull-headed, dull; Pt.1. (-m.) a dunce, dull-headed man, blockhead; ग्रन्थानधीत्य व्याकर्तु- मिति दुर्मेधसो$प्यलम् Śi.2.26.
    -मैत्र a. unfriendly, hostile; Bhāg.7.5.27.
    -यशस् n. ill-repute, dishonour.
    -योगः 1 bad or clumsy contrivance.
    -2 a bad combi- nation.
    -योध, -योधन a. invincible, unconquerable. (
    -नः) the eldest of the 11 sons of Dhṛitarāṣṭra and Gāndhārī. [From his early years he conceived a deep hatred for his cousins the Pāṇḍavas, but particularly Bhīma, and made every effort he could to compass their destruction. When his father pro- posed to make Yudhiṣṭhira heir-apparent, Duryodhana did not like the idea, as his father was the reigning sovereign, and prevailed upon his blind father to send the Pāṇḍavas away into exile. Vāraṇāvata was fixed upon as their abode, and under pretext of constructing a palatial building for their residence, Duryodhana caused a palace to be built mostly of lac, resin and other combustible materials, thereby hoping to see them all destroyed when they should enter it. But the Paṇḍavas were forewarned and they safely escaped. They then lived at Indraprastha, and Yudhiṣṭhira performed the Rājasuya sacrifice with great pomp and splendour. This event further excited the anger and jealousy of Duryodhana, who was already vexed to find that his plot for burning them up had signally failed, and he induced his father to invite the Pāṇḍavas to Hastināpura to play with dice (of which Yudhiṣṭhira was particularly fond). In that gambling-match, Duryodhana, who was ably assisted by his maternal uncle Śakuni, won from Yudhiṣṭhira everything that he staked, till the infatuated gambler staked himself, his brothers, and Draupadī herself, all of whom shared the same fate. Yudhiṣṭhira, as a condition of the wager, was forced to go to the forest with his wife and brothers, and to remain there for twelve years and to pass one addi- tional year incognito. But even this period, long as it was, expired, and after their return from exile both the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas made great preparations for the inevitable struggle and the great Bhāratī war commenced. It lasted for eighteen days during which all the Kauravas, with most of their allies, were slain. It was on the last day of the war that Bhīma fought a duel with Duryodhana and smashed his thigh with his club.] मोघं तवेदं भुवि नामधेयं दुर्योधनेतीह कृतं पुरस्तात् न हीह दुर्योधनता तवास्ति पलायमानस्य रणं विहाय Mb.4.65.17.
    -योनि a. of a low birth, न कथंचन दुर्योनिः प्रकृतिं स्वां नियच्छति Ms.1.59.
    -लक्ष्य a. difficult to be seen or perceived, hardly visible.
    -क्ष्यम् bad aim; मनः प्रकृत्यैव चलं दुर्लक्ष्यं च तथापि मे Ratn.3.2.
    -लभ a.
    1 difficult to be attained, or accomplished; R.1.67;17.7; Ku.4.4;5.46,61; दुर्लभं भारते जन्म मानुष्यं तत्र दुर्लभम् Subhāṣ.
    -2 difficult to be found or met with, scarce, rare; शुद्धान्तदुर्लभम् Ś.1.17.
    -3 best, excellent, eminent.
    -ग्रामः a village situated close to a large village and inhabited by the free-holders (अग्र- हारोपजीविनः); Māna.1.79-8.
    -4 dear, beloved.
    -5 costly.
    -ललित a.
    1 spoilt by fondling, fondled too much, hard to please; हा मदङ्कदुर्ललित Ve.4; V.2.8; Māl.9.
    -2 (hence) wayward, naughty, illbred, unruly; स्पृहयामि खलु दुर्ललितायास्मै Ś.7. (
    -तम्) waywardness, rudeness.
    -लेख्यम् a forged document. Y.2.91.
    -वच a.
    1 difficult to be described, indescribable. अपि वागधिपस्य दुर्वचं वचनं तद् विदधीत विस्मयम् Ki.2.2.
    -2 not to be talked about.
    -3 speaking improperly, abusing. (
    -चम्) abuse, censure, foul language.
    -वचस् n. abuse, censure; असह्यं दुर्वचो ज्ञातेर्मेघा- न्तरितरौद्रवत् Udb.
    -वर्ण a. bad-coloured.
    -र्णः 1 bad colour.
    -2 impurity; यथा हेम्नि स्थितो वह्निर्दुवर्णं हन्ति धातु- जम् Bhāg.12.3.47.
    (-र्णम्) 1 silver. दुर्वर्णभित्तिरिह सान्द्रसुधासुवर्णा Śi.4.28.
    -2 a kind of leprosy.
    -वस a. difficult to be resided in.
    -वसतिः f. painful residence; R.8.94.
    -वह a. heavy, difficult to be borne; दुर्वहगर्भखिन्नसीता U.2.1; Ku.1.11.
    -वाच् a. speaking ill. (-f.)
    1 evil words, abuse.
    -2 inelegant language or speech.
    -वाच्य a.
    1 difficult to be spoken or uttered.
    -2 abusive, scurrilous.
    -3 harsh, cruel (as words).
    (-च्यम्) 1 censure, abuse.
    -2 scandal, ill-repute.
    -वातः a fart. ˚वातय Den. P. to break wind or fart; इत्येके विहसन्त्येनमेके दुर्वातयन्ति च Bhāg.11.23.4.
    -वादः slander, defamation, calumny.
    -वार, -वारण a. irresistible, unbearable; R.14.87; किं चायमरिदुर्वारः पाणौ पाशः प्रचेतसः Ku.2.21.
    -वासना 1 evil propensity, wicked desire; कः शत्रुर्वद खेददानकुशलो दुर्वासनासंचयः Bv. 1.86.
    -2 a chimera.
    -वासस् a.
    1 ill-dressed.
    -2 naked. (-m.) N. of a very irascible saint or Ṛiṣi, son of Atri and Anasūyā. (He was very hard to please, and he cursed many a male and female to suffer misery and degradation. His anger, like that of Jama- dagni, has become almost proverbial.)
    -वाहितम् a heavy burden; उरोजपूर्णकुम्भाङ्का सदुर्वाहितविभ्रमा Rāj. T.4.18.
    -विगाह, -विगाह्य a. difficult to be penetrated or fathomed, unfathomable.
    -विचिन्त्य inconcei- vable, inscrutable
    -विद a. difficult to be known or discovered; नूनं गतिः कृतान्तस्य प्राज्ञैरपि सुदुर्विदा Mb.7.78. 2.
    -विदग्ध 1 unskilled, raw, foolish, stupid, silly.
    -2 wholly ignorant.
    -3 foolishly puffed up, elated. vainly proud; वृथाशस्त्रग्रहणदुर्विदग्ध Ve.3; ज्ञानलवदुर्विदग्धं ब्रह्मापि नरं न रञ्जयति Bh.2.3.
    -विद्ध a. Badly perforated (a pearl); Kau. A.2.11.
    -विद्य a. uneducated; Rāj. T.1.354.
    -विध a.
    1 mean, base, low.
    -2 wicked, vile.
    -3 poor, indigent; विदधाते रुचिगर्वदुर्विधम् N.2.23.
    -4 stupid, foolish, silly; विविनक्ति न बुद्धिदुर्विधः Śi.16.39.
    -विनयः misconduct, imprudence.
    -विनीत a.
    1 (a) badly educated, ill-mannered; ill-behaved, wicked; शासितरि दुर्विनीतानाम् Ś.1.24. (b) rude, naughty, mis- chievous.
    -2 stubborn, obstinate.
    (-तः) 1 a restive or untrained horse.
    -2 a wayward person, reprobate.
    -विपाक a. producing bad fruit; श्रितासि चन्दनभ्रान्त्या दुर्विपाकं विषद्रुमम् U.1.46.
    (-कः) 1 bad result or conse- quence; U.1.4; किं नो विधिरिह वचने$प्यक्षमो दुर्विपाकः Mv. 6.7.
    -2 evil consequences of acts done either in this or in a former birth.
    -विभाव्य a. inconceivable; also दुर्विभाव; असद्वृत्तेरहो वृत्तं दुर्विभावं विधेरिव Ki.11.56.
    -विमर्श a. difficult to be tried or examined; यो दुर्विमर्शपथया निजमाययेदं सृष्ट्वा गुणान्विभजते तदनुप्रविष्टः Bhāg.1.49.29.
    -विलसितम् a wayward act, rudeness, naughtiness; डिम्भस्य दुर्विलसितानि मुदे गुरूणाम् B. R.4.6.
    -विलासः a bad or evil turn of fate; U.1.
    -विवाहः a censurable marriage; इतरेषु तु शिष्टेषु नृशंसानृतवादिनः । जायन्ते दुर्विवाहेषु ब्रह्मधर्मद्विषः सुताः ॥ Ms.3.41.
    -विष a. ill-natured, malignant. (
    -षः) N. of Śiva.
    -विषह a. unbearable, intolerable, irresistible. (
    -हः) N. of Śiva.
    -वृत्त a.
    1 vile, wicked, ill-behaved.
    -2 roguish. (
    -त्तम्) misconduct, ill-behaviour. दुर्वृत्तवृत्तशमनं तव देवि शीलम् Devīmāhātmya.
    -वृत्तिः f.
    1 misconduct.
    -2 misery, want, distress.
    -3 fraud.
    -वृष्टिः f. insufficient rain, drought.
    -वेद a. difficult to be known or ascertained.
    -व्यवहारः a wrong judgment in law.
    -व्यवहृतिः f. ill-report or rumour.
    -व्यसनम् 1 a fond pursuit or resolve; Mu.3.
    -2 bad propensity, vice; तेन दुर्व्यसनेनासीद्भोजने$पि कदर्थना Ks.73.73.
    -व्रत a. not conforming to rules, disobedient.
    -हुतम् a badly offered sacrifice.
    -हृद् a. wicked-hearted, ill-disposed, inimical; अकुर्वतोर्वां शुश्रूषां क्लिष्टयोर्दुर्हृदा भृशम् Bhāg.1.45.9. (-m.) an enemy.
    -हृदय a. evil-minded, evil-intention- ed, wicked.
    -हृषीक a. having defective organs of sense.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > दुर् _dur

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    \товары широкого потребления — consumer goods

    \товары, находящиеся в залоге на таможенном складе — ( до уплаты пошлины) bonded goods

    \товары, не облагаемые пошлиной — duty-free goods; undutiable articles

    \товары, облагаемые пошлиной — dutiable (taxable) articles (goods)

    \товары, определяемые общими родовыми признаками — англ. generic goods; амер. fungible goods

    товар, не являющиеся объектом международной торговли — non-traded goods

    товар, продаваемый в убыток — ( в рекламных целях) loss leader

    важнейшие (основные) виды \товаров — major (staple) goods

    дефектные \товары — faulty goods

    дефицитные \товары — commodities (goods) in short supply; scarce commodities (goods)

    дорогостоящие \товары, выпускаемые малыми партиями — high values, low bulk commodities (products)

    запас \товаров — stock

    застрахованные \товары — insured goods

    излишние \товары — surplus goods

    индивидуализированные \товары — ascertained goods

    индивидуально-определённые \товары — specific goods

    маркированные \товары — branded goods

    массовые недорогостоящие \товары — low value, high bulk commodities (goods)

    модные \товары — fancies; fancy articles (goods)

    основная масса \товаров — bulk of goods

    отборные \товары — choice goods

    отказ от \товара — rejection of goods

    отказываться от \товара — to reject goods

    партия \товаров — consignment of goods

    потребительские \товары — consumables; consumer commodities (goods); ( длительного пользования) consumer durables

    право собственности на товар — ownership (of) (property in, title to) goods

    продажа \товаров по образцу (по описанию) — sale of goods by a sample (by a description)

    продви-жение \товара — sales promotion

    промышленные \товары — industrial (manufactured) goods

    разнообразные \товары — varied goods

    распоряжаться \товаром — to dispose of goods

    сельскохозяйственные \товары — agricultural produce

    стратегические \товары — strategic goods

    транзитные \товары — goods in transit; transit goods

    хрупкие \товары — delicate (fragile) goods

    штучные \товары — piece-goods

    Юридический русско-английский словарь > товар

  • 31 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 32 долговечный

    2) Engineering: long-life, low-wearing
    3) Chemistry: long life
    4) Construction: long-lasting
    5) Economy: timeproof
    6) Accounting: long-run
    7) Automobile industry: enduring
    8) Oil: time-proof
    9) Ecology: long-lived
    10) Business: long-term
    11) Polymers: lasting
    12) Automation: fade-resistant, permanent
    13) Quality control: everlasting
    15) oil&gas: multi-year, multiyear

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > долговечный

  • 33 частица

    bit, particle
    * * *
    части́ца ж.
    части́цы [взаи́мно] отта́лкиваются — particles repel one another
    части́цы, взаи́мно притя́гиваются — particles attract one another
    части́ца враща́ется вокру́г свое́й оси́ — a particle spins [revolves] about its axes
    части́ца враща́ется во́зле ядра́ — a particle revolves around the nucleus
    выбива́ть части́цу, напр. из а́тома — knock [eject] a particle out of, e. g., an atom
    высвобожда́ть части́цу — liberate [release, give up] a particle
    части́ца опа́здывает — a particle is delayed
    заряжа́ть части́цу — charge a particle
    канализиро́вать части́цы — channel particles
    части́ца налета́ет на что-л. — a particle strikes smth., a particle is incident on smth., a particle impinges on smth.
    части́ца не вылета́ет [не мо́жет вы́лететь], напр. из а́тома — a particle remains confined; e. g., within an atom
    части́ца рассе́ивает, напр. свет — a particle scatters, e. g., light
    рассе́ивать части́цы — scatter particles
    части́цы соударя́ются — particles collide
    ускоря́ть части́цы — accelerate particles
    акти́вная части́ца — reactive species
    бо́лее короткоживу́щая части́ца — shorter living particle
    части́ца большо́й эне́ргии — high-energy [energetic] particle
    бомбардиру́емая части́ца — target [struck] particle
    бомбардиру́ющая части́ца — projectile, bombarding particle
    бы́страя части́ца — fast [high-speed] particle
    вылета́ющая части́ца — outgoing [emerging] particle
    горя́чая части́ца — hot particle
    части́ца гру́нта — soil particle
    диспе́рсная части́ца — disperse(d) particle
    длиннопробе́жная части́ца — long range particle
    доче́рняя части́ца — product particle
    заря́женная части́ца — charged particle
    иноро́дная части́ца — foreign particle
    ионизи́рующая части́ца — ionizing particle
    каска́дная части́ца — cascade particle
    колло́идная части́ца — colloidal particle
    короткоживу́щая части́ца — short-lived [short living] particle
    короткопробе́жная части́ца — short-range particle
    лави́нная части́ца — cascade particle
    левовинтова́я части́ца — left(-handed) particle
    магни́тная части́ца — magnetic particle
    части́ца ма́лой эне́ргии — low-energy particle
    мельча́йшая части́ца — ultimate particle
    наи́более короткоживу́щая части́ца — shortest-lived particle
    налета́ющая части́ца — incident [impinging incoming] particle
    невылета́ющая части́ца — confined particle
    незаря́женная части́ца — uncharged particle
    неионизи́рующая части́ца — nonionizing particle
    нейтра́льная части́ца — neutral particle
    непроника́ющая части́ца — nonpenetrating particle
    несвя́занная части́ца — unbound particle
    части́ца несгоре́вшего твё́рдого то́плива (напр. ракетного двигателя) — sliver
    несма́чиваемая части́ца — unwettable particle
    неусто́йчивая части́ца — decaying [unstable] particle
    перви́чная части́ца — primary particle
    правовинтова́я части́ца — right(-handed) particle
    части́ца при́меси — foreign particle
    про́бная части́ца — test particle
    проника́ющая части́ца — penetrating particle
    части́ца пы́ли — dust
    радиоакти́вная части́ца — radioactive particle
    реакционноспосо́бная части́ца — reactive species
    релятиви́стская части́ца — relativistic particle
    свобо́дная части́ца — unbound [free] particle
    свя́занная части́ца — bound particle
    стабилизи́рованная части́ца — trapped [stabilized] species
    стра́нные части́цы — strange particles
    ударя́емая части́ца — struck particle
    ударя́ющая части́ца — bombarding [incident] particle
    усто́йчивая части́ца — stable particle
    части́ца Хи́ггса — Higgs particle
    элемента́рная части́ца — fundamental [elementary] particle
    я́дерная части́ца — nuclear particle
    я́дерно-акти́вная части́ца — nuclearly active particle
    я́дерно-неакти́вная части́ца — nuclearly inactive particle
    * * *

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > частица

  • 34 court

    I.
    court1, e [kuʀ, kuʀt]
    1. adjective
       a. short
       b. ( = insuffisant) [avance, majorité] small
    • il lui a donné 10 jours, c'est court he's given him 10 days, which is a bit tight
    2. adverb
    • couper court à [+ débat, rumeur, critiques] to put a stop to
    • il faut faire court (inf) ( = être concis) you (or we) need to be brief
    II.
    court2 [kuʀ]
    masculine noun
    • court de tennis/badminton tennis/badminton court
    * * *

    1.
    courte kuʀ, kuʀt adjectif
    1) (de taille, en durée) short

    de courte durée — [victoire, joie, espoir] short-lived; [prêt, emploi, maladie] short-term

    s'arrêter, souffle court — to get out of breath and stop

    2) ( insuffisant) [connaissances] limited

    une heure/trois pages c'est (un peu) court — one hour/three pages, that's not really enough

    3) ( faible) [défaite, victoire, majorité] narrow

    gagner d'une courte tête — [cheval] to win by a short head; [candidat] to win by a narrow margin


    2.

    couper court — ( en parlant) to cut the conversation short

    couper court à quelque chose — ( abréger) to cut something short; ( faire cesser) to put paid to something


    3.
    nom masculin
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:
    ••

    être à court de — to be short of [argent]; to be short on [idées]

    * * *
    kuʀ, kuʀt court, -e
    1. adj
    1) (en dimensions, nombre de pages) short

    ça fait un peu court [texte, devoir] — it's not very long, [robe] it's a bit short

    2) (en temps) short
    2. adv

    pour faire court — briefly, to cut a long story short

    tourner court [histoire, expérience, conversation] — to come to a sudden end

    couper court à [polémique, rumeur, discussion] — to cut short

    3. nm
    1) (court de tennis) court, tennis court

    prendre qn de court (= prendre au dépourvu) — to catch sb on the hop

    Ça a été si vite, on a été pris de court. — It all happened so quickly we were caught on the hop.

    * * *
    A adj
    1 ( pas long) [vêtement, cheveu, texte, période, mémoire, distance, balle] short; manches/culottes courtes short sleeves/trousers GB ou pants US; dans le délai le plus court in the shortest possible time; de courte durée [victoire, joie, espoir] short-lived; [prêt, emploi, maladie] short-term; s'arrêter, souffle court to get out of breath and stop; avoir le souffle court to get out of breath easily; avoir la vue courte lit, fig to be short-sighted; court sur pattes [animal] short-legged; [personne]○ shortish; prendre au plus court to take the shortest way; ⇒ paille;
    2 ( insuffisant) [connaissances] limited; une heure/deux euros/trois pages c'est (un peu) court one hour/two euros/three pages, that's not really enough;
    3 ( faible) [défaite, victoire, majorité] narrow; gagner d'une courte tête to win by a short head.
    B adv s'habiller court to wear short skirts; jouer court to play short balls; couper qch court to cut sth short; les cheveux coupés court with short hair; couper court to cut the conversation short; couper court à qch ( abréger) to cut sth short; ( faire cesser) to put paid to sth; tourner court to come to a sudden end; s'arrêter court to stop short.
    C nm
    1 Mode le court short skirts (pl); la mode est au court short skirts are in;
    2 Sport court; court de tennis tennis court; court central centreGB court.
    court métrage Cin short (film); courte échelle leg up; faire la courte échelle à qn to give sb a leg up.
    être à court de to be short of [argent, munitions]; to be short on [arguments, idées]; prendre qn de court to catch sb on the hop○ GB ou unprepared.
    ( féminin courte) [kur, kurt] adjectif
    A.[DANS L'ESPACE]
    1. [en longueur - cheveux, ongles] short
    b. [personne] short
    2. ANATOMIE [os, muscle] short
    3. RADIO [onde] short
    B.[DANS LE TEMPS]
    1. [bref, concis - discours, lettre, séjour, durée etc.] short, brief
    cycle courtcourse of studies leading to qualifications exclusive of university entrance
    2. [proche]
    C.[FAIBLE, INSUFFISANT]
    1. [faible - avance, avantage] small ; [ - majorité] small, slender
    2. [restreint]
    3. (familier) [insuffisant - connaissances] slender, slim ; [ - quantité, mesure] meagre, skimpy
    deux bouteilles pour six, c'est un peu court two bottles for six people, that's a bit on the mean (UK) ou stingy side
    b. [explication] limited
    avoir la vue courte (sens propre & figuré) to be shortsighted (UK) ou nearsighted (US)
    ————————
    adverbe
    1. [en dimension]
    2. [en durée]
    3. [brusquement]
    ————————
    nom masculin
    1. [terrain]
    2. COUTURE, VÊTEMENT [vêtement]
    le court short fashions ou hemlines ou styles
    prendre par le ou au plus court [chemin, procédure] to take a short cut
    ————————
    à court locution adverbiale
    ————————
    à court de locution prépositionnelle
    être à court d'idées/de vivres to have run out of ideas/food
    ————————
    de court locution adverbiale
    a. [ne pas lui laisser de délai de réflexion] to give somebody (very) short notice
    b. [le surprendre] to catch somebody unawares ou napping
    tout court locution adverbiale
    appelez-moi Jeanne, tout court just call me Jeanne
    cela indigne les chrétiens démocrates et même les chrétiens tout court this is shocking to Christian Democrats and even to Christians full stop (UK) ou period

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > court

  • 35 vie

    vie [vi]
    feminine noun
       a. life
    • c'est la belle vie ! this is the life!
    • c'est la vie ! that's life!
    • avoir la vie dure [préjugé, superstition] to die hard
    • entre nous, c'est à la vie à la mort we are friends for life► en vie alive
    * * *
    vi
    1) gén, Biologie life
    2) ( période) life

    passer sa vie à faire — gén to spend one's life doing; ( tout le temps) to spend all one's time doing

    à vie — [bannir, défigurer, marquer] for life; [bannissement, suspension] lifetime (épith); [emprisonnement, adhésion, président] life (épith)

    3) ( activité) life

    notre vie de couple — our relationship; château

    4) ( vitalité) life

    manquant de vie, sans vie — [personne, lieu] lifeless

    5) ( biographie) life
    ••

    avoir la vie dure — [préjugés] to be ingrained

    mener la vie dure à quelqu'un — to make life hard for somebody, to give somebody a hard time

    faire la vie — (colloq) [enfants] to have a wild time; [adultes] to live it up (colloq)

    à la vie, à la mort! — till death us do part!

    * * *
    vi nf

    avoir la vie dure (= persister) (clichés, habitudes) — to die hard

    * * *
    vie nf
    1 gén, Biol life; sauver la vie de qn to save sb's life; rendre la vie à qn to bring sb back to life; risquer sa vie to risk one's life; sacrifier ou donner sa vie pour qn to give one's life for sb; devoir la vie à qn to owe sb one's life; être en vie to be alive; maintenir qn en vie to keep sb alive; il y a laissé sa vie that was how he lost his life; sans vie lifeless; on l'a retrouvé sans vie they found him dead; donner la vie à qn to bring sb into the world; sauver des vies to save lives; vie végétale/animale/humaine plant/animal/human life; être entre la vie et la mort [malade] to hover between life and death; y a-t-il une vie après la mort? is there life after death?; y a-t-il de la vie sur Mars? is there life on Mars?;
    2 ( période) life; avoir une vie dure to have a hard life; pour la vie for life; courte/longue vie short/long life; sur or vers la fin de leur vie toward(s) the end of their lives; la peur/course de ma vie the fright/race of my life; elle a travaillé toute sa vie she worked all her life; je ne vous ai jamais vu de ma vie I've never seen you in my life; pour la première fois de ma vie for the first time in my life; il n'y a pas que le travail/l'amour dans la vie there's more to life than work/love; avoir quelqu'un dans sa vie to have somebody in one's life; partager la vie de qn to share one's life with sb; ce n'est pas la femme de ma vie she's not the love of my life; que feras-tu dans la vie? what are you going to do in life?; faciliter la vie à qn to make life easier for sb; vivre sa vie to lead one's own life; passer sa vie à faire gén to spend one's life doing; ( tout le temps) to spend all one's time doing; à vie [bannir, défigurer, marquer] for life; [bannissement, suspension] lifetime ( épith); [emprisonnement, adhésion, président] life ( épith); œuvre d'une vie work of a lifetime; c'est la chance de ta vie it's the chance of a lifetime; durer toute une vie to last a lifetime; tu as toute la vie devant toi you've got your whole life in front of you;
    3 ( activité) life; la vie urbaine/rurale city/country life; la vie culturelle/professionnelle cultural/professional life; la vie moderne/actuelle modern/ present day life; la vie d'entreprise corporate life; mener une vie de luxe to lead a life of luxury; la vie est chère the cost of living is high; avoir une vie active/sédentaire to lead an active/a sedentary life; mode de vie lifestyle; apprendre/connaître la vie to learn/know what life is all about; notre vie de couple our relationship, our life together (as a couple); comment réussir sa vie de couple how to live together and make it work; ⇒ bâton, enterrer;
    4 ( vitalité) life; prendre vie to come to life; reprendre vie to come back to life; déborder de vie to be bursting with life; donner de la vie à un personnage to bring a character to life; donner de la vie à une fête to liven up a party; mettre de la vie dans qch to liven sth up; plein de vie [personne, lieu] full of life; manquant de vie, sans vie [personne, lieu] lifeless;
    5 ( biographie) life; écrire la vie de qn to write a life of sb; la vie de Mozart the life of Mozart;
    6 Tech ( durabilité) life; vie d'un appareil/d'une pile life of a machine/of a battery.
    vie active Sociol working life; vie antérieure former life; vie chère high cost of living; vie éternelle eternal life; vie de famille family life; vie intérieure inner life; vie privée private life; vie quotidienne daily life; vie spirituelle spiritual life.
    c'est la vie! that's life!; ça c'est la vie!, c'est la vie d'artiste! this is the life!; ce n'est pas une vie! it's no life!; quelle vie! what a life!; ainsi va la vie that's the way it goes; ils ont la belle vie they have a good life; c'est la belle vie! what a life!; ( en ce moment) this is the life!; une vie de chien○ a dog's life; avoir la vie dure [préjugés] to be ingrained; mener la vie dure à qn to make life hard for sb, to give sb a hard time; faire la vie○ [enfants] to have a wild time; [adultes] to live it up○; à la vie, à la mort! till death us do part!; entre eux c'est à la vie à la mort with them it's for life.
    [vi] nom féminin
    la vie animale/végétale animal/plant life
    2. [existence] life
    à la fin de sa vie at the end of his life, late in life
    à Julie, pour la vie to Julie, forever ou for ever
    a. [ne pas être pressé] to have all the time in the world
    être entre la vie et la mort to be hovering between life and death, to be at death's door
    3. [personne] life
    4. [entrain] life
    a. [ressemblant] true to life, lifelike
    b. [énergique] lively, full of life
    5. [partie de l'existence] life
    la vie affective/intellectuelle/sexuelle love/intellectual/sex life
    6. [façon de vivre - d'une personne, d'une société] life, lifestyle, way of life ; [ - des animaux] life
    dans la vie, l'important c'est de... the important thing in life is to...
    faire ou mener la vie dure à quelqu'un to make life difficult for somebody
    refaire sa vie to start afresh ou all over again
    c'est la vie!, la vie est ainsi faite! such is ou that's life!
    c'est la belle vie ou la vie de château! this is the life!
    7. [biographie] life
    8. [conditions économiques] (cost of) living
    dans ce pays, la vie n'est pas chère prices are very low in this country
    ————————
    à vie locution adjectivale
    ————————
    en vie locution adjectivale
    ————————
    sans vie locution adjectivale
    [corps] lifeless, inert
    [œuvre] lifeless, dull

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > vie

  • 36 brevis

        brevis e, adj. with comp. and sup.    [BREG-].— In space, short: via, V.: brevior via, N.: cursus brevissimus, V.: brevius iter, O.: tam brevis aqua, so narrow a stream, O.: scopulus, small, O.: brevibus Gyaris, Iu. — Of stature, short, small, low: iudex brevior quam testis: (puella) longa brevisque, O. — Of height: ut pleraque Alpium, sicut breviora, ita adrectiora sunt, lower, L.—Of depth, shallow: vada, V.: puteus, Iu.— Plur n. as subst, shallow places, shallows, shoals: Eurus In brevia urget, V.—Of the line of a circle: ubi circulus spatio brevissimus ambit, makes the shortest path, O.—Fig., of life: vitae curriculum: vitae brevis cursus: fila vitae breviora, O.—Little, small: brevibus implicata viperis, H.: caput, H.: alvus, V.: folia breviora, H.: census, H.: sigillum, O.—As subst n.: scis In breve te cogi, i. e. to be rolled up closely (of a book), H. — Meton., of time, short, brief, little, short-lived: tempus: brevissimum tempus, L.: anni, H.: occasio, T.: omnia brevia tolerabilia esse debent: vitae summa brevis (gen.), H.: littera, a short vowel: syllaba, a short syllable, H.: dactylus, qui est e longā et duabus brevibus: aut omnia breviora aliquanto fuere, aut, etc., occupied a shorter time, L.: flores rosae, short-lived, H.: cena, frugal, H.: ira furor brevis est, H.—Of discourse, short, brief, concise: narratio: Crassi oratio: quam brevia responsu!: cum se breves putent esse, brief: brevis esse laboro, Obscurus fio, H.: breve facere, to be brief: in breve coactae causae, L.: tam in brevi spatio, in so short time, T.: brevi spatio, a little while, S.: spatio brevi, H.: brevi tempore ad nihilum venire, in a little while.
    * * *
    I
    breve, brevior -or -us, brevissimus -a -um ADJ
    short, little, small, stunted; brief, concise, quick; narrow, shallow; humble
    II
    short catalog, summary document

    Latin-English dictionary > brevis

  • 37 частица

    1. ж. particle; corpuscule
    2. ж. species
    Синонимический ряд:
    крупица (сущ.) капля; кроха; крупица; малая толика

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > частица

  • 38 ogień

    ognia; ognie; gen pl ogni; m
    ( zjawisko) fire; ( do papierosa) light; (przen: zapał) fervour (BRIT), fervor (US), ( namiętność) passion

    wpaść ( perf) jak po ogień — to come flying through

    stanąć ( perf) w ogniu — to catch fire, to burst into flames

    ognia! — WOJSK fire!

    przerwij ogień! — WOJSK cease fire!

    (gra w) dwa ognie — British bulldog (BRIT), prison dodge ball (US)

    iść (pójść perf) na pierwszy ogień — to go over the top first

    * * *
    mi
    ogni- Gen. -a
    1. (= palenie się) fire; dolać oliwy do ognia add fuel to the flames; języki ognia tongues of fire; na wolnym ogniu kulin. on a low heat; nie igraj z ogniem! don't play with fire!; nie ma dymu bez ognia przen. there's no smoke without fire; ogień i woda przen. fire and water; słomiany ogień l. zapał short-lived enthusiasm; ściana ognia wall of fire; upiec dwie pieczenie na jednym ogniu przen. kill two birds with one stone; wpaść jak po ogień make a whirlwind visit.
    2. (= pożar) fire; coś stoi w ogniu sth is in flames; łuna ognia glow; skoczyć dla kogoś w ogień go through fire and water for sb; ugasić ogień put out a fire; zaprószyć gdzieś ogień set sth on fire.
    3. (= ognisko, stos) fire; ( ofiarny) pyre.
    4. (= płomień) fire, flame; (zapalniczki, zapałki) light; masz ogień? pot. do you have a light?, got a light?; sztuczne ognie fireworks; zimne ognie sparklers.
    5. (= strzały z broni) fire; być na linii ognia be in the line of fire; krzyżowy ogień pytań przen. cross-examination; ognia! wojsk. fire!; ogień artyleryjski shellfire; ogień armatni gunfire; ogień krzyżowy wojsk. crossfire; otworzyć ogień wojsk. open fire; przerwać ogień! wojsk. cease fire!
    6. przen. (= namiętność, pasja) (gniewu, nienawiści, żądzy) fire, fervor.
    7. przen. (= żar) heat.
    8. przen. (= rumieniec) blush.
    9. przen. (= łuna) glow.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > ogień

  • 39 acabar

    v.
    1 to finish, to end.
    hemos acabado el trabajo we've finished the work
    acabó sus días en el exilio he ended his days in exile
    el asunto acabó mal the affair finished o ended badly
    cuando acabes, avísame tell me when you've finished
    acabar de trabajar/comer to finish working/eating
    el cuchillo acaba en punta the knife ends in a point
    ¡acabáramos! (informal) at last!, about time!
    La película acabó The film finished.
    Ya terminé I already finished
    Acabé mi trabajo I finished my job.
    acabar loco to end up (going) mad
    ese acabará en la cárcel he'll end up in jail
    Acabé muy cansado I ended up exhausted.
    Ella acabó cantando en un club nocturno She ended up singing in a nightclub.
    3 to finish with, to destroy, to be someone's ruin, to cause someone's ruin.
    La mafia acabó con Ricardo The Mafia finished with Richard.
    4 to tire out.
    El esfuerzo lo acabó The effort tired him out.
    5 to have an orgasm, to come.
    María acabó al hacer el amor Mary had an orgasm when making love.
    * * *
    1 (gen) to finish, finish off; (completar) to complete
    2 (consumir) to use up
    1 (gen) to finish, end; (pareja) to split up
    2 acabar por + gerundio to end up + - ing
    1 to end, finish, come to an end (no quedar) to run out
    \
    acabar bien to have a happy ending
    acabar con (destruir) to destroy, put an end to 2 (terminar) to finish, finish off
    ■ ¡este chico acabará conmigo! this boy will be the death of me!
    acabar de + inf to have just + past participle
    ■ no lo toques, acabo de pintarlo ahora mismo don't touch it, I've just painted it
    acabar mal (cosa) to end badly 2 (persona) to come to a bad end
    ¡acabáramos! familiar at last!
    no acabar de...
    ¡se acabó! that's it!
    * * *
    verb
    to finish, complete, end
    - acabar de
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=terminar) [+ actividad, trabajo] [gen] to finish; (=dar el toque final a) to finish off

    ¿habéis acabado la instalación de la antena? — have you finished installing the aerial?

    2) (=consumir) to finish
    3) LAm (=hablar mal de)
    2. VI
    1) (=terminar) to finish, end

    ¿te falta mucho para acabar? — are you nearly finished?, have you got long to go?

    la crisis lleva años y no acaba — the recession has been going on for years and there's no sign of it ending

    acabáramos —

    acabáramos, ¿así que se trata de tu hijo? — oh, I see, so it's your son, then?

    cuento I, 1), rosario 1)
    2)

    • acabar con —

    a) [+ comida] to finish off; [+ injusticia] to put an end to, stop; [+ relación] to end; [+ reservas] to exhaust, use up; [+ esperanzas] to put paid to

    ¿todavía no has acabado con la carta? — haven't you finished the letter yet?

    b) [+ persona] (=atender) to finish with; (=matar) to do away with

    cuando acabe con ella, te lavo la cabeza — when I'm done o finished with her, I'll wash your hair

    ¡acabemos con él! — let's do away with him! *

    3)

    • acabar de hacer algo —

    a) [cuando se ha terminado]
    b) [cuando se está haciendo]

    para acabar de arreglarlo —

    para acabar de arreglarlo, se fue sin despedirse — on top of everything, she left without even saying goodbye

    - ¡acaba de parir!
    c)

    • no acabo de entender por qué lo hizo — I just can't understand why she did it

    4) [con complemento de modo]

    la palabra acaba con o por "z" — the word ends in a "z"

    • acabar en algo — to end in sth

    después de tanto hablar, todo acabó en nada — after all that talk, it all came to nothing

    5)

    • acabar haciendo algo, acabar por hacer algo — to end up doing sth

    6) [en una relación] to finish, split up

    hemos acabado — we've finished, we've split up

    ¿cuánto hace que acabaste con ella? — how long is it since you split up with o finished with her?

    7) LAm *** (=eyacular) to come ***
    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1)
    a) reunión/película to finish, end; persona to finish; novios to split up

    acabáramos! — (fam) now I get it! (colloq)

    b) (en un estado, situación) to end up

    ¿cómo acabó lo de anoche? — how did things end up last night?

    acabó en la cárcel — he ended up in jail; (+ compl)

    acabar + ger o acabar por + inf — to end up -ing

    acabarán aceptándolo o por aceptarlo — they'll end up accepting it

    acabé por convencerme de que... — in the end I became convinced that...

    c) ( rematar)
    a)

    acabar con algo — ( terminar) con libro/tarea to finish with something; con bombones/bebidas to finish off something; con salud/carrera to ruin something; con sueldo/herencia to fritter away something; con abuso/problema to put an end to something

    b) (fam)

    acabar con alguien — ( pelearse) to finish with somebody; ( matar) to do away with somebody (colloq)

    a) ( terminar)

    acabar de + inf — to finish -ing

    para acabar de arreglarlo se puso a llover — to top o cap it all it started to rain

    acabar de + inf: acaba de salir she's just gone out; acababa de meterme en la cama cuando... — I had just got into bed when...

    c) ( llegar a)

    acabar de + inf: no acabo de entenderlo I just don't understand; no acababa de gustarle/convencerla — she wasn't totally happy about it/totally convinced

    2.
    acabar vt
    1) <trabajo/libro> to finish; <curso/carrera> to finish, complete
    2) ( destrozar)
    3.
    acabarse v pron
    1) ( terminarse) provisiones/comida to run out; problema to be over; reunión/fiesta to end

    y (san) se acabó — (fam) and that's that

    2)
    a) (liter) ( morir)
    b) (Méx) ( quedar destrozado)
    3) (enf) ( comer) to finish (up)
    * * *
    = end, end up, see through + to its completion, finish up, finish, wind up (in/at), curtain + fall, call it quits, lay + Nombre + to rest, wrap up, break up, finish off, top + Nombre + off, be over.
    Ex. Each field also ends with a special delimiter, which signals the end of the fields.
    Ex. But if you have a certain feeling about language, then language ends up becoming very, very important.
    Ex. I would like to thank all those who at various times throughout the course of the project assisted so ably in seeing the work through to its completion.
    Ex. In trying to get the best of both worlds, we may have finished up with the worst.
    Ex. Activities can be plotted to allow the librarian to determine the most expeditious route that can be taken to finish the event.
    Ex. Besides, winding up in an exclusive arrangement with a distributor that has rotten customer service ruins any advantage.
    Ex. The third act is of course the denouement, when everything is made clear, all the loose ends are tied up, and the curtain falls.
    Ex. 'Professional people don't live by the clock: you wouldn't tell a doctor or a lawyer that he couldn't make a decision to call it quits on a particular day'.
    Ex. A New Orleans style funeral provided a humorous backdrop for library staff to relive the tragedies and successes of the old system as it was laid to rest.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'ACRL wraps up year 1 of Academic Library Statistics Project'.
    Ex. Tom Hernandez tried not to show how sad he felt about his friends' leaving, and managed to keep up a cheerful facade until the party broke up.
    Ex. His statement is a serious threat to the cooperative sector and was aimed at finishing off the movement.
    Ex. Top it off with spicy yacamole and it's worth the nosh.
    Ex. Alternatively, the loan policy may be changed to make documents due when the vacation is over.
    ----
    * acabar cargando con Algo = wind up with + Nombre.
    * acabar con = put + paid to, quell, put to + rest, snuff out, stamp out, kill off, eat + Posesivo + way through.
    * acabar con Algo = be done with it.
    * acabar con el sufrimiento de Alguien = put + Nombre + out of + Posesivo + misery.
    * acabar con la paciencia de Alguien = try + Nombre + patience.
    * acabar con la paciencia de un santo = test + the patience of a saint, try + the patience of a saint.
    * acabar con mejor cara = end up on + a high note.
    * acabar con una nota de optimismo = end + Nombre + on a high (note).
    * acabar con un broche de oro = end + Nombre + on a high (note).
    * acabar de forma positiva = end + Nombre + on a high (note).
    * acabar de + Infinitivo = have + just + Participio Pasado.
    * acabar de salir de = be fresh out of.
    * acabar de trabajar = clock off + work.
    * acabar en = result (in), land in.
    * acabar mal = come to + a bad end.
    * acabar mejor de lo que + empezar = end up on + a high note.
    * acabar paulatinamente = wind + Nombre + down.
    * acabar + Posesivo + días en = end up + Posesivo + days in.
    * acabar + Posesivo + vida útil = run towards + the end of + Posesivo + useful life.
    * acabar repentinamente = come to + a swift end, come to + an abrupt end.
    * acabarse = draw to + a close, peter out, run out, be gone, come to + an end, run out of, draw to + an end, wind down, be all gone.
    * acabarse el entusiasmo = run out of + steam.
    * acabarse el espacio = run out of + space.
    * acabarse el tiempo = time + run out, time + be + up.
    * acabarse la buena racha = the good times + run out.
    * acabarse la (buena) suerte = run out of + luck, luck + run out.
    * acabar teniendo = end up with.
    * como si se acabara el mundo = like there's no tomorrow.
    * como si se fuese a acabar el mundo = like there's no tomorrow.
    * empezar a acabarse = run + low (on).
    * estar acabando con = eat away at.
    * estar acabándose = be on the way out, be on + Posesivo + last legs.
    * nada se acaba hasta que no se acaba = nothing is done until it's done.
    * ¡se te acabó el cuento! = the jig's up!.
    * sin acabar = unfinished.
    * tumulto + acabar = tumult + die.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1)
    a) reunión/película to finish, end; persona to finish; novios to split up

    acabáramos! — (fam) now I get it! (colloq)

    b) (en un estado, situación) to end up

    ¿cómo acabó lo de anoche? — how did things end up last night?

    acabó en la cárcel — he ended up in jail; (+ compl)

    acabar + ger o acabar por + inf — to end up -ing

    acabarán aceptándolo o por aceptarlo — they'll end up accepting it

    acabé por convencerme de que... — in the end I became convinced that...

    c) ( rematar)
    a)

    acabar con algo — ( terminar) con libro/tarea to finish with something; con bombones/bebidas to finish off something; con salud/carrera to ruin something; con sueldo/herencia to fritter away something; con abuso/problema to put an end to something

    b) (fam)

    acabar con alguien — ( pelearse) to finish with somebody; ( matar) to do away with somebody (colloq)

    a) ( terminar)

    acabar de + inf — to finish -ing

    para acabar de arreglarlo se puso a llover — to top o cap it all it started to rain

    acabar de + inf: acaba de salir she's just gone out; acababa de meterme en la cama cuando... — I had just got into bed when...

    c) ( llegar a)

    acabar de + inf: no acabo de entenderlo I just don't understand; no acababa de gustarle/convencerla — she wasn't totally happy about it/totally convinced

    2.
    acabar vt
    1) <trabajo/libro> to finish; <curso/carrera> to finish, complete
    2) ( destrozar)
    3.
    acabarse v pron
    1) ( terminarse) provisiones/comida to run out; problema to be over; reunión/fiesta to end

    y (san) se acabó — (fam) and that's that

    2)
    a) (liter) ( morir)
    b) (Méx) ( quedar destrozado)
    3) (enf) ( comer) to finish (up)
    * * *
    = end, end up, see through + to its completion, finish up, finish, wind up (in/at), curtain + fall, call it quits, lay + Nombre + to rest, wrap up, break up, finish off, top + Nombre + off, be over.

    Ex: Each field also ends with a special delimiter, which signals the end of the fields.

    Ex: But if you have a certain feeling about language, then language ends up becoming very, very important.
    Ex: I would like to thank all those who at various times throughout the course of the project assisted so ably in seeing the work through to its completion.
    Ex: In trying to get the best of both worlds, we may have finished up with the worst.
    Ex: Activities can be plotted to allow the librarian to determine the most expeditious route that can be taken to finish the event.
    Ex: Besides, winding up in an exclusive arrangement with a distributor that has rotten customer service ruins any advantage.
    Ex: The third act is of course the denouement, when everything is made clear, all the loose ends are tied up, and the curtain falls.
    Ex: 'Professional people don't live by the clock: you wouldn't tell a doctor or a lawyer that he couldn't make a decision to call it quits on a particular day'.
    Ex: A New Orleans style funeral provided a humorous backdrop for library staff to relive the tragedies and successes of the old system as it was laid to rest.
    Ex: The article is entitled 'ACRL wraps up year 1 of Academic Library Statistics Project'.
    Ex: Tom Hernandez tried not to show how sad he felt about his friends' leaving, and managed to keep up a cheerful facade until the party broke up.
    Ex: His statement is a serious threat to the cooperative sector and was aimed at finishing off the movement.
    Ex: Top it off with spicy yacamole and it's worth the nosh.
    Ex: Alternatively, the loan policy may be changed to make documents due when the vacation is over.
    * acabar cargando con Algo = wind up with + Nombre.
    * acabar con = put + paid to, quell, put to + rest, snuff out, stamp out, kill off, eat + Posesivo + way through.
    * acabar con Algo = be done with it.
    * acabar con el sufrimiento de Alguien = put + Nombre + out of + Posesivo + misery.
    * acabar con la paciencia de Alguien = try + Nombre + patience.
    * acabar con la paciencia de un santo = test + the patience of a saint, try + the patience of a saint.
    * acabar con mejor cara = end up on + a high note.
    * acabar con una nota de optimismo = end + Nombre + on a high (note).
    * acabar con un broche de oro = end + Nombre + on a high (note).
    * acabar de forma positiva = end + Nombre + on a high (note).
    * acabar de + Infinitivo = have + just + Participio Pasado.
    * acabar de salir de = be fresh out of.
    * acabar de trabajar = clock off + work.
    * acabar en = result (in), land in.
    * acabar mal = come to + a bad end.
    * acabar mejor de lo que + empezar = end up on + a high note.
    * acabar paulatinamente = wind + Nombre + down.
    * acabar + Posesivo + días en = end up + Posesivo + days in.
    * acabar + Posesivo + vida útil = run towards + the end of + Posesivo + useful life.
    * acabar repentinamente = come to + a swift end, come to + an abrupt end.
    * acabarse = draw to + a close, peter out, run out, be gone, come to + an end, run out of, draw to + an end, wind down, be all gone.
    * acabarse el entusiasmo = run out of + steam.
    * acabarse el espacio = run out of + space.
    * acabarse el tiempo = time + run out, time + be + up.
    * acabarse la buena racha = the good times + run out.
    * acabarse la (buena) suerte = run out of + luck, luck + run out.
    * acabar teniendo = end up with.
    * como si se acabara el mundo = like there's no tomorrow.
    * como si se fuese a acabar el mundo = like there's no tomorrow.
    * empezar a acabarse = run + low (on).
    * estar acabando con = eat away at.
    * estar acabándose = be on the way out, be on + Posesivo + last legs.
    * nada se acaba hasta que no se acaba = nothing is done until it's done.
    * ¡se te acabó el cuento! = the jig's up!.
    * sin acabar = unfinished.
    * tumulto + acabar = tumult + die.

    * * *
    acabar [A1 ]
    vi
    A
    1 (terminar) «reunión/partido/película» to finish, end
    ¿te falta mucho? — no, ya casi acabo do you have much to do? — no, I've nearly finished
    todavía no he acabado I haven't finished yet, I'm not through yet ( colloq)
    2 acabar CON algo/algn to finish WITH sth/sb
    ¿has acabado con esto? have you finished with this?
    ven cuando acabes con lo que estás haciendo come as soon as you've finished what you're doing
    espera, que todavía no he acabado contigo wait a minute, I haven't finished with you yet
    cuando acabes con Cristina ¿me puedes atender a mí? when you've finished with o ( colloq) when you're through with Cristina, can you help me?
    3 «novios» to split up, break up acabar CON algn to break up o split up WITH sb, finish WITH sb
    he acabado con ella I've broken up with o split up with o finished with her, I'm through with her ( colloq)
    4 acabar DE + INF:
    cuando acabes de leer el libro me lo pasas ¿vale? will you lend me the book when you've finished (reading) it?
    todavía no he acabado de pagar la casa I still haven't finished paying for the house
    para acabar de arreglarlo, se puso a llover and to top it all o cap it all o make matters worse, it began to rain
    ¡acabáramos! ( fam); now I get it! ( colloq)
    ¡acabáramos! así que lo que quería era dinero now I get it! it was money he was after
    es que vivió siete años en Tokio — ¡acabáramos! con razón habla tan bien japonés she lived in Tokyo for seven years, you know — oh, I see! that's why she speaks Japanese so well
    5 acabar + GER or acabar POR + INF to end up -ING
    acabarán por aceptarlo or aceptándolo they'll end up accepting it, they'll accept it in the end
    B (+ compl):
    la palabra acaba en or por `r' the word ends in `r'
    por este lado acaba en punta this side ends in a point
    acabamos cansadísimos by the end we were dead tired
    ¿en qué acabó lo de anoche? how did things end up last night?
    tanta historia para acabar en nada all that fuss for nothing
    siempre decía que ese chico iba a acabar mal I always said that boy would come to no good
    no te metas que esto puede acabar mal don't get involved, things could turn nasty o get ugly
    la película acabó bien the movie had a happy ending
    (terminar, destruir): acabó con todos los bombones he finished off o ( colloq) polished off all the chocolates
    en dos años acabó con la herencia he went through his inheritance in two years
    si tratas así los zapatos vas a acabar con ellos en dos días if you treat your shoes like that, they'll be ruined o you'll wear them out in a couple of days
    estás acabando con mi paciencia you're trying my patience, I'm running out of patience with you
    este escándalo puede acabar con su carrera this scandal could ruin o finish his career
    hay que acabar con este tipo de discriminaciones this sort of discrimination must be eliminated o eradicated, we/they must do away with o put an end to o put a stop to this sort of discrimination
    B ( fam)
    (matar): sabe demasiado, hay que acabar con él he knows too much, we're going to have to eliminate him o ( colloq) get rid of him
    este clima/niño va a acabar conmigo this weather/child will be the death of me
    acaba de salir she's just gone out
    acababa de meterme en la cama cuando sonó el teléfono I had just got into bed when the telephone rang
    acabo de comer I've just eaten
    B no acabar DE + INF:
    no acaba de convencerme la idea I'm not totally convinced by the idea
    no acabo de entenderlo I just don't understand
    el color no me acaba de gustar or ( Esp fam) no me acaba I'm not too sure I like the color, I'm not too sure about the color
    ■ acabar
    vt
    A ‹trabajo› to finish
    ya acabé el libro I've finished the book
    no logró acabar el curso he didn't manage to finish o complete the course
    iré cuando acabe lo que estoy haciendo I'll go when I've finished what I'm doing
    B
    (destrozar): el esfuerzo lo acabó y tuvo que abandonar la carrera he was exhausted by the effort and had to drop out of the race
    la tragedia la acabó the tragedy destroyed o killed her
    A
    (terminarse): se nos ha acabado el café we've run out of coffee, the coffee's run out, we're out of coffee ( colloq)
    se le acabaron las fuerzas he ran out of energy o ( colloq) steam
    se me está acabando la paciencia I'm running out of patience
    el trabajo de la casa no se acaba nunca housework is a never-ending o an endless job
    se fue él y se acabaron los problemas as soon as he left, the problems ended
    ¡esto se acabó! no lo aguanto más that's it! I can't take any more
    y (san) se acabó ( fam); and that's that
    le dices que no quieres y (san) se acabó tell him you don't want to and that's that
    te he dicho que no vas y (san) se acabó I've told you you're not going and that's all there is to it! o and that's that! o and let that be an end to it!
    B
    1 ( liter)
    (morir): se fue acabando poco a poco she slowly slipped away, her life's breath slowly ebbed away ( liter)
    2
    ( Méx) (quedar destrozado): se acabó en ese trabajo that job finished him off o did for him ( colloq)
    C ( enf) (comer) to finish, finish up
    acábate todas las lentejas finish (up) all the lentils
    * * *

     

    acabar ( conjugate acabar) verbo intransitivo
    1
    a) [reunión/película] to finish, end;

    [ persona] to finish;
    [ novios] to split up;

    b) (en un estado, situación) to end up;



    (+ compl)

    ese chico va a acabar mal that boy will come to no good;
    la película acabó bien the movie had a happy ending;
    acabarán aceptándolo o por aceptarlo they'll end up accepting it;
    acabar de algo to end up as sth;
    acabó de camarero he ended up (working) as a waiter
    c) ( rematar) acabar en algo to end in sth

    2

    a) acabar con algo ( terminar) ‹con libro/tarea› to finish with sth;

    ‹con bombones/bebidas› to finish off sth;
    ‹con salud/carrera› to ruin sth;
    ‹con sueldo/herencia› to fritter away sth;
    ‹con abuso/problema› to put an end to sth
    b) (fam) acabar con algn ( pelearse) to finish with sb;

    ( matar) to do away with sb (colloq);

    3

    a) ( terminar) acabar de hacer algo to finish doing sth;




    acababa de meterme en la cama cuando … I had just got into bed when …
    c) ( llegar a):


    no acababa de gustarle she wasn't totally happy about it
    verbo transitivo ‹trabajo/libro› to finish;
    ‹curso/carrera› to finish, complete
    acabarse verbo pronominal
    1 ( terminarse) [provisiones/comida] to run out;
    [ problema] to be over;
    [reunión/fiesta/curso] to end;
    [ proyecto] to finish, come to an end;
    [ año] to come to an end;

    se le acabaron las fuerzas he ran out of energy;
    un trabajo que no se acaba nunca a never-ending o an endless task;
    ¡esto se acabó! that's it!
    2 ( enf) ( comer) to finish (up)
    acabar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 to finish (off) ➣ Ver nota en finish 2 (completar) to complete
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 to finish, end: todo acabó bien, it all ended happily 2 acabar con (agotar las existencias) to finish something
    figurado estás acabando con mi paciencia, I'm losing my patience with you
    (romper algo) to break something
    (matar) to kill: la droga está acabando con él, he's killing himself with drugs
    (destruir, eliminar) to destroy something: hay que acabar con la tortura, we must get rid of torture
    figurado las presiones acabaron con su carrera política, the overwhelming pressure finished off his political career 3 acabar de: acaba de llegar de Río, he's just arrived from Río
    no acaba de decidirse, she hasn't made up her mind yet 4 acabar en: el partido de fútbol acabó en tragedia, the football match ended in tragedy 5 acabar por/acabar + gerundio acabé creyendo/por creer que estaba loca, I ended up thinking she was mad
    ' acabar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    apurar
    - finiquitar
    - incompleta
    - incompleto
    - levantarse
    - paciencia
    - temblar
    - terminar
    - tabla
    English:
    barrier
    - break
    - break down
    - burial
    - complete
    - distance
    - drag on
    - end
    - end up
    - fade
    - finish
    - finish up
    - get over
    - get through
    - grief
    - illiteracy
    - it
    - paid
    - racism
    - round off
    - settle
    - sink
    - stamp out
    - there
    - time-wasting
    - use up
    - wind up
    - destroy
    - do
    - finished
    - get
    - kill
    - near
    - smash
    - stop
    - wind
    - wipe
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    [terminar] to finish;
    hemos acabado el trabajo we've finished the work;
    todavía no ha acabado el primer plato he still hasn't finished his first course;
    acabamos el viaje en Canadá our journey ended in Canada;
    la bufanda está sin acabar the scarf isn't finished yet;
    RP Fam
    ¡acabala! that's enough!
    ♦ vi
    1. [terminar] to finish, to end;
    el cuchillo acaba en punta the knife ends in a point;
    el asunto acabó mal o [m5] de mala manera the affair finished o ended badly;
    detesto las películas que acaban bien I hate films that have a happy ending;
    acabó sus días en el exilio he ended his days in exile;
    ése acabará en la cárcel he'll end up in jail;
    cuando acabes, avísame tell me when you've finished;
    acabar de hacer algo to finish doing sth;
    acabar de trabajar/comer to finish working/eating;
    acabar con algo to finish with sth;
    ¿has acabado con el martillo? have o are you finished with the hammer?;
    acabar por hacer algo, acabar haciendo algo to end up doing sth;
    acabarán por llamar o [m5] llamando they'll call eventually o sooner or later;
    Fam
    ¡acabáramos! so that's what it was!
    2. [haber hecho recientemente]
    acabar de hacer algo to have just done sth;
    acabo de llegar I've just arrived
    3.
    acabar con [destruir] [enemigo] to destroy;
    [salud] to ruin; [violencia, crimen] to put an end to;
    acabar con la paciencia de alguien to exhaust sb's patience;
    está acabando con mi paciencia she's trying my patience;
    acabaron con todas las provisiones they used up all the provisions;
    la droga acabó con él drugs killed him;
    ¡ese niño va a acabar conmigo! that boy will be the death of me!
    4. [volverse] to end up;
    acabar loco to end up (going) mad
    5. [en construcciones con infinitivo]
    no acabo de entenderlo I can't quite understand it;
    no acaba de parecerme bien I don't really think it's a very good idea;
    no acaba de gustarme del todo I just don't really like it;
    el plan no me acaba de convencer I'm not totally convinced by the plan
    6. RP, Ven Fam [tener un orgasmo] to come
    7. Comp
    de nunca acabar never-ending;
    este proyecto es el cuento de nunca acabar this project just seems to go on and on
    * * *
    I v/t
    1 finish
    2
    :
    acabé haciéndolo yo I ended up doing it myself
    II v/i
    1 de persona finish; de función, acontecimiento finish, end;
    acabar con put an end to; caramelos finish off; persona destroy;
    acabar en end in;
    acabar en punta end in a point;
    acabar bien/mal end well/badly;
    va a acabar mal fam this is going to end badly; persona he’ll come to no good o
    to a bad end;
    acabó por comprender in the end he understood;
    no acabo de comprender I still don’t understand;
    es cosa de nunca acabar it’s never-ending;
    ¡acabáramos! now I get it!;
    ¡acaba ya! hurry up and finish!;
    la cosa no acaba aquí and that’s not all, and there’s worse
    2
    :
    acabar de hacer algo have just done sth;
    acabo de escribirlo I’ve just written it
    * * *
    acabar vi
    1) terminar: to finish, to end
    2)
    acabar de : to have just (done something)
    acabo de ver a tu hermano: I just saw your brother
    3)
    acabar con : to put an end to, to stamp out
    acabar vt
    terminar: to finish
    * * *
    acabar vb
    1. (terminar) to finish
    2. (acción, objeto) to end

    Spanish-English dictionary > acabar

  • 40 decir

    v.
    1 to say.
    decir que sí/no to say yes/no
    dice que no viene she says (that) she is not coming
    ¿cómo se dice “estación” en inglés? how do you say “estación” in English?
    dicen que va a ser un verano muy seco they say it's going to be a very dry summer
    Ella dijo la razón She said the reason.
    Ella dijo incongruencias She said=uttered inconsistencies.
    Esa historia dice algo cierto That story says something that is true.
    2 to tell.
    ¿quién te lo ha dicho? who told you that?
    ¿qué quieres que te diga? what do you want me to say?, what can I say?
    decir a alguien que haga algo to tell somebody to do something
    decir la verdad to tell the truth
    Decirle la verdad a Ricardo To tell the truth to Richard= To tell Richard the truth.
    Le dije I told him.
    3 to recite, to read.
    4 to tell, to show.
    eso lo dice todo that says it all
    decir mucho (en favor) de to say a lot for
    5 to call.
    le dicen la carretera de la muerte they call it the road of death
    6 to say to.
    Ella había dicho hacer eso She had said to do that.
    7 to say about.
    Ese estudio dice mil años That study says about one thousand years.
    * * *
    Present Indicative
    digo, dices, dice, decimos, decís, dicen.
    Past Indicative
    Future Indicative
    Conditional
    Present Subjunctive
    Imperfect Subjunctive
    Future Subjunctive
    Imperative
    di (tú), diga (él/Vd.), digamos (nos.), decid (vos.), digan (ellos/Vds.).
    Past Participle
    dicho,-a.
    * * *
    verb
    2) tell
    •
    * * *
    DECIR ¿"Say" o "tell"? Decir se puede traducir por say o por tell. Por regla general, say simplemente {dice} y tell {informa} u {ordena hacer algo}. ► Decir generalmente se traduce por say en estilo directo. Normalmente no lleva un complemento de persona pero si se menciona a quién se está dirigiendo el hablante, el complemento de persona tiene que ir precedido por la preposición to: "Ya son las tres", dije "It's already three o'clock," I said "¡Qué tiempo más malo!" Eso fue lo único que me dijo "What awful weather!" That's all he said to me ► En estilo indirecto, decir se puede traducir por say cuando simplemente se cuenta lo que alguien ha dicho. Si say lleva complemento de persona, este se coloca después del complemento directo: Dijo que se tenía que marchar He said he had to leave Me dijo algo que no entendí He said something to me that I didn't understand ► Decir se traduce por tell cuando se {informa} o se {ordena hacer algo}. Suele llevar un objeto de persona sin la preposición to: Me dijo que tenía una entrevista de trabajo He told me he had a job interview ¡Te he dicho que no lo toques! I told you not to touch it! ► Hay algunos usos idiomáticos en los que decir se traduce por tell aunque no lleva complemento de persona. Por ejemplo: to tell the truth (decir la verdad) y to tell a lie (decir una mentira). Otros verbos ► Si decir va acompañado de un calificativo en español, a menudo se puede traducir al inglés por otros verbos que no sean say o tell: "Lo he perdido todo", dijo entre sollozos "I've lost everything," she sobbed Dijo con voz ronca algo sobre necesitar un médico He croaked something about needing a doctor Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada Para otras expresiones con el participio, ver dicho.
    1. VERBO TRANSITIVO
    1) (=afirmar) to say

    ya sabe decir varias palabras — she can already say several words, she already knows several words

    - tengo prisa -dijo — "I'm in a hurry," she said

    viene y dice: -estás despedido — * he goes, "you're fired" *

    olvídalo, no he dicho nada — forget I said anything

    ¿decía usted? — you were saying?

    • [como] dicen los madrileños — as they say in Madrid

    como iba diciendo... — as I was saying...

    ¿cómo ha dicho usted? — pardon?, what did you say?

    • decir para {o} entre [sí] — to say to o.s.

    decir que to say (that)

    dicen que... — they say (that)..., people say (that)...

    el cartel dice claramente que... — the sign says clearly {o} clearly states that...

    decir que sí/no — to say yes/no

    -¿viene? -dice que sí — "is she coming?" - "she says she is {o} she says so"

    la miré y me dijo que sí/no con la cabeza — I looked at her and she nodded/shook her head

    adiós 2.

    ¿quién te lo dijo? — who told you?

    se lo dije bien claro, pero no me hizo caso — I told her quite clearly, but she didn't take any notice of me

    tengo algo que decirte — there's something I want to tell you, I've got something to tell you

    hoy nos dicen las notas — they're telling {o} giving us our results today

    decir a algn que ({+ indic}) to tell sb (that)

    ¿no te digo que no puedo ir? — I've already told you I can't go

    decir a algn que ({+ subjun}) (=ordenar) to tell sb to ({+ infin}); (=pedir) to ask sb to ({+ infin})
    3) (=contar) [+ mentiras, verdad, secreto] to tell
    verdad 1)
    4) (=llamar) to call

    ¿cómo le dicen a esto en Perú? — what do they call this in Peru?

    se llama Francisco, pero le dicen Paco — his name is Francisco, but he's known as Paco

    le dicen "el torero" — he's known as "el torero"

    en México se le dice "recámara" al dormitorio — in Mexico they say "recámara" instead of "dormitorio"

    • me dijo de [todo] — he called me all the names under the sun

    5) (=opinar) to say

    podemos ir a Portugal, ¿tú qué dices? — we could go to Portugal, what do you say?

    ¿tu familia qué dice de la boda? — what does your family say about the wedding?

    6) [rectificando]

    había 8, digo 9 — there were 8, I mean 9

    ¡qué digo! — what am I saying?

    7) [texto] to say

    • como dice el [refrán]... — as the saying goes...

    8) [+ misa] to say
    9) [locuciones en indicativo]

    digo... — Méx well, er...

    mis súbditos se presentarán ante mí ¡he dicho! — my subjects shall appear before me: I have spoken!

    • y dice [bien] — and he is quite right

    • [como quien] dice — (=de alguna manera) so to speak; (=aproximadamente) in a way, more or less

    aunque no es el director es, como quien dice, el que manda en la empresa — although he isn't the manager, he's the person in charge, so to speak, of the company

    está, como quien dice, aquí al lado — it's just round the corner, as they say

    como quien no dice nada — quite casually, as though it wasn't important

    • [lo mismo] digo — likewise

    - gracias por todo -lo mismo digo — "thank you for everything" - "likewise!" {o} "thanks to you too!"

    • pero dice [mal] — but he is wrong

    • pues si esto te parece mucha gente, no te digo [nada] en verano — if you think this is a lot of people, you should see it in summer

    • no lo digo [por] ti — I'm not referring to you, I'm not getting at you

    • sí, [porque tú] lo digas — yes, sir, aye, aye, captain! iró

    • ¿[qué me] dices? — [sorpresa] you don't say!, well I never!; [incredulidad] come off it!

    • [si tú] lo dices — if you say so

    • eso digo [yo] — that's (just) what I say

    deberías buscar trabajo, vamos, digo yo — you ought to look for a job, that's what I say, if you ask me, you ought to look for a job

    ¡si te lo digo yo! — of course it's true!

    ¡lo digo yo y basta! — you will do it because I say so!

    • ¡[y que] lo digas! — you can say that again!

    10) [locuciones en infinitivo]

    • [dar] que decir (a la gente) — to make people talk, set tongues wagging

    • [es] decir — that is (to say)

    mi prima, es decir, la hija de Ana — my cousin, that is (to say) Ana's daughter

    • [ir] a decir, ¡a mí me lo vas a decir! — you're telling me!

    • es [mucho] decir — that's saying something

    • [ni que] decir tiene que... — it goes without saying that...

    • [no hay más] que decir — there's nothing more to say

    • para decirlo con otras [palabras] — to put it another way, in other words

    • decir [por] decir — to talk for talking's sake

    • [por así] decirlo — so to speak

    • [querer] decir — to mean

    ¿qué quiere decir "spatha"? — what does "spatha" mean?

    ¿qué quiere usted decir con eso? — what do you mean by that?

    ¿querrás decir un millón, no un billón? — do you mean a million rather than a billion?

    • [ya es] decir — that's saying something

    les ha costado más cara que mi casa, y eso ya es decir — it cost them more than my house did, and that's saying something

    11) [locuciones en subjuntivo, imperativo]

    no es que yo lo diga, pero... — it's not because I say so, but...

    es, digamos, un comerciante — he's a dealer, for want of a better word, he's a sort of dealer

    ¡haberlo dicho!, ¡me lo hubieras dicho! — you could have told me {o} said!

    • digámoslo [así] — so to speak, for want of a better word

    • digan [lo que] digan — whatever they say

    • y [no] digamos... — not to mention...

    y su madre, no digamos — not to mention his mother

    • no es muy guapa [que] digamos — she's not what you'd call pretty, she's not exactly pretty

    no estuvo muy cortés, que digamos — he wasn't what you'd call polite, he wasn't exactly polite

    • ¡[no me] digas! — [sorpresa] you don't say!, well I never!; [incredulidad] come off it!

    • ¿qué [quieres] que te diga? — what can I say?

    12) [locuciones en condicional]

    ¿cómo (lo) diría yo? — how shall I put it?

    ¿cómo diríamos? — how shall I put it?

    ¡quién lo diría! — would you believe it!, who would have thought it!

    se preocupa mucho por el qué dirán — she's always worried about what people will say {o} think

    2. VERBO INTRANSITIVO
    1) [invitando a hablar]

    -¿te puedo pedir un favor? -dime — "can I ask you a favour?" - "go ahead"

    ¿diga?, ¿dígame? — [al teléfono] hello?

    usted dirá — [invitando a hablar] go ahead; [sirviendo bebida] say when; [en tienda] can I help you?

    -¿te gustaría cambiar de coche? -¡hombre, ya me dirás! — "would you like a new car?" - "you bet I would!"

    2) (=indicar)

    su mirada lo dice todo — her expression says it all {o} speaks volumes

    • eso dice mucho [de] su personalidad — that says a lot about her personality

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    I

    ¿cientos de personas? - bueno, es un decir — hundreds of people? - well, figuratively speaking

    II 1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) <palabra/frase/poema> to say; <mentira/verdad> to tell

    ya dice `mamá' — he says `mama' now

    no digas esas cosas, por favor — please don't say things like that

    ¿cómo pudiste decir eso? — how could you say that?

    ¿eso lo dices por mí? — are you referring to me?

    dicen or se dice que es el hombre más rico del país — he is said to be the richest man in the country

    no se dice `andé', se dice `anduve' — it isn't `andé', it's `anduve'

    ¿cómo se dice `amor' en ruso? — how do you say `love' in Russian?

    bonita, lo que se dice bonita, no es — she's not what you would call pretty

    es el sábado; ni que decir tiene que estás invitado — it's on Saturday; you're invited, but that goes without saying

    ¿tendrá tiempo de hacerlo? - dice que sí — will he have time to do it? - he says he will

    ¿no lo encontró? - dice que no — didn't he find it? - no, he says he didn't

    ¿qué tal? ¿qué decís? — (RPl fam) hi, how are things? (colloq)

    2)

    ¿sabes qué me dijo? — do you know what he told me?; (expresando sorpresa, indignación, etc) do you know what he said to me?

    fue algo espantoso, todo lo que te diga es poco — it was terrible, I can't begin to tell you how terrible

    3)
    a) (expresando o transmitiendo órdenes, deseos, advertencias)

    decirle a alguien que + subj — to tell somebody to + inf

    b)
    4) ( por escrito) to say

    ¿qué dice aquí? — what does it say here?

    5) ( llamar) to call
    6) (sugerir, comunicar)

    la forma de vestir dice mucho de una persona — the way someone dresses says a lot/tells you a lot about them

    ¿te dice algo ese nombre? — does that name mean anything to you?

    7)
    8)

    ¿qué quiere decir esta palabra? — what does this word mean?

    ¿qué quieres decir con eso? — what do you mean by that?

    ¿quieres decir que ya no te interesa? — do you mean (to say) that you're no longer interested?

    9) (opinar, pensar) to think

    ¿y los padres qué dicen? — what do her parents think of it?, how do her parents feel about it?

    habría que regalarle algo, no sé, digo yo — we ought to buy her a present, well, I think so anyway

    es muy fácil - si tú lo dices... — it's very easy - if you say so...

    a decir verdad — to tell you the truth, to be honest

    con decirte que: no me lo perdonó nunca, con decirte que ni me saluda... he's never forgiven me, he won't even say hello to me; decir por decir: lo dijo por decir he didn't really mean it; es decir that is; mi cuñada, es decir la mujer de Rafael my sister-in-law, Rafael's wife that is; es mucho decir: es la mejor película del año - eso ya es mucho decir it's the best movie of the year - I wouldn't go that far; he dicho! that's that o final!; no me digas! no!, you're kidding o joking! (colloq); por así decirlo so to speak; que digamos: no es muy inteligente que digamos he's not exactly o he's hardly what you'd call intelligent; que no se diga! shame on you!; que no se diga que no somos capaces! I don't want people saying that we can't do it; y (ya) no digamos or (AmL) y no se diga: le cuestan mucho las matemáticas y no digamos la física he finds mathematics very difficult, and as for physics...; el qué dirán (fam): siempre le ha importado el qué dirán — she's always been worried what other people (might) think; ver tb dicho I

    2.
    decir vi

    papá - dime, hijo — dad - yes, son?

    quería pedirle un favor - usted dirá — I wanted to ask you a favor - certainly, go ahead

    tome asiento, usted dirá — (frml) take a seat, and now, what can I do for you?

    ¿diga? or ¿dígame? — hello?

    3.
    decirse v pron
    a) (refl) to say... to oneself
    b) (recípr) to say.... to each other
    c) (enf)
    * * *
    = declare, put, read, say, state, tell, volunteer, make + the point that, let + Nombre + know, let + it be known, observe, bid, reflect, utter, tender, hip, call + the tune.
    Ex. 24.17 declares Enter a body created or controlled by a government under its own name unless it belongs to one or more of the types listed in 24.18.
    Ex. As one respondent from this end of the information spectrum put it, 'Context is all in the information world'.
    Ex. This error message is displayed in the upper right-hand corner of the screen and reads: DAWT008, 107, DFCR....
    Ex. In conclusion, it should not be necessary to say that instructions and guiding must be as brief as possible.
    Ex. Short abstracts are generally preferred, but there are instances where the most effective approach is to cite the original unamended, and to state that this is what has been done.
    Ex. Program function key 1 (FP1) tells DOBIS/LIBIS to stop whatever it is doing and go back to the function selection screen.
    Ex. 'Anything wrong?' 'Oh, I'm okay, I guess,' volunteered Datto cautiously.
    Ex. However, they do make the very important point that the notation is not an essential part of the scheme.
    Ex. Then the secretary, having rallied herself, said forlornly 'I'll let him know you're here in a minute'.
    Ex. It can certainly be status-conferring to let it be known in social conversation that one has read the latest Fay Weldon book, but if the group one is in never reads Fay Weldon anyway and could not care less what she has written then the victory is a somewhat hollow one.
    Ex. 'All this is not very likely,' she observed at last, 'not only because of the strength of the selection process -- its imperviousness to proof before an arbitrator'.
    Ex. 'Sit down please,' he bade her.
    Ex. 'Now, you know, I could merely turn this over to the two division or all the department heads and let them decide,' reflected Bough.
    Ex. The ideal was forever etched in his consciousness from the day Crane uttered it: a good librarian working anywhere is a credit and benefit to libraries everywhere.
    Ex. 'Well,' Stanton tendered, 'one candidate clearly has the superior experience -- Kass'.
    Ex. He was aghast after having been hipped to the fact there are hookers on the Internet.
    Ex. As long as we allow other people to pay the piper, they will continue calling the tune in Africa.
    ----
    * ¡eso se dice pronto! = easier said than done.
    * ¿lo dices en broma? = you must be kidding!.
    * a decir de todos = by all accounts.
    * a decir verdad = to tell the truth, if the truth be known, if the truth be told, in all truth, in truth, fact is, the fact is (that), to be fair.
    * a decir verdad... = the fact of the matter is that....
    * arriesgarse a decir = hazard.
    * atreverse a decir = go + (as/so) far as to say.
    * aunque a decir verdad = Mind you.
    * aventurarse a decir = venture.
    * baste decir que = suffice (it) to say.
    * como dice el dicho = as the saying goes, so the saying goes.
    * como dice el refrán = as the saying goes, so the saying goes.
    * continuar diciendo = go on.
    * cumplir lo que se dice = live up to + Posesivo + claim.
    * decían las malas lenguas que = rumour had it that.
    * decir adiós = bid + Nombre + goodbye, bid + adieu, kiss + Nombre + goodbye, bid + farewell, wave + a bye.
    * decir adiós (a) = say + goodbye (to).
    * decir adiós al pasado = bid + farewell + to the past.
    * decir adiós con la mano = wave + goodbye.
    * decir adiós con un gesto = signal + goodbye.
    * decir a favor de = say in + favour of.
    * decir Algo = break + the news.
    * decir Algo a Alguien = let + Nombre + in on.
    * decir Algo de un modo colérico = flame out.
    * decir Algo que es obvio por sí mismo = state + the obvious.
    * decir balbuceando = splutter, sputter.
    * decir bolas = fib.
    * decir bromeando = quip.
    * decir chorradas = bullshit.
    * decir con desdén = sneer.
    * decir con desprecio = sneer.
    * decir con la boca llena = say in + full confidence.
    * decir con mal humor = spit out.
    * decir con toda confianza = say in + full confidence.
    * decir con voz + Adjetivo = say in + a + Adjetivo + voice.
    * decir de un modo enfadado = spit out.
    * decir disparates = shoot off + at the mouth, talk + rubbish, talk + nonsense, talk through + Posesivo + hat.
    * decir en confianza = confide.
    * decir en defensa de = say in + defence of.
    * decir entrecordamente = splurt out.
    * decir en voz alta = say + out loud, say in + a loud voice.
    * decir en voz baja = say under + Posesivo + breath, say in + a low voice, say in + a quiet voice.
    * decir + esperar = express + hope.
    * decir estupideces = talk + rubbish, talk + nonsense, talk through + Posesivo + hat.
    * decir gilipolleces = talk + nonsense, talk + rubbish, bullshit, talk through + Posesivo + hat.
    * decir humorísticamente = quip.
    * decir inesperadamente = blurt out, pipe.
    * decir la última palabra = hear + the final word, outface.
    * decir la verdad = tell + the truth, speak + the truth, come + clean.
    * decir la verdad sobre = give + Nombre + the lowdown on.
    * decir la verdad, toda la verdad y nada más que la verdad = to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.
    * decirlo = come out with + it.
    * decir lo que Uno piensa = speak up, speak out.
    * decir mentirijillas = fib.
    * decir mentirillas = fib.
    * decir mucho de Algo = speak + volumes.
    * decir pamplinas = bullshit.
    * decir + poseer = claim.
    * decir que Uno se siente cómodo con Algo = express + comfort with.
    * decir que Uno se siente confortable con Algo = express + comfort with.
    * decir que Uno siente lo que le ha pasado a Otra Persona = express + sympathy for.
    * decir rápidamente sin parar = rattle off.
    * decir resoplando = snort.
    * decir sandeces = talk + rubbish, talk + nonsense, bullshit, talk through + Posesivo + hat.
    * decirse = grapevine + carry + the story, make out to be, word + go (a)round.
    * decirse que = be reputed to.
    * decir suspirando = sigh.
    * decir tonterías = talk + rubbish, talk + nonsense, talk through + Posesivo + hat.
    * decir una grosería = make + rude remark.
    * demostrar lo que Uno dice = make + good + Posesivo + claim.
    * dicen las malas lenguas que = rumour has it that.
    * digamos por ejemplo = let us say, say.
    * dime con quién andas y te diré quién eres = you are known by the company you keep.
    * dime con quién andas y te diré quién eres = you are known by the company you keep.
    * el tiempo dirá = time will tell.
    * el tiempo lo dirá = only time will tell.
    * enterarse de lo que Uno quiere decir = catch + Posesivo + drift, get + Posesivo + drift.
    * es decir = i.e. (latín - id est), in other words, that is, that is to say, which is to say.
    * es más fácil decirlo que hacerlo = easier said than done.
    * estar a punto de decir = be on the tip of + Posesivo + tongue to say.
    * esto no quiere decir que = this is not to say that.
    * expresar lo que Uno quiere decir = make + Posesivo + point.
    * hablar sin decir nada = waffle.
    * hacer lo que uno dice que es capaz de hacer = live up to + Posesivo + claim.
    * huelga decir = needless to say.
    * la gente dice que = rumour has it that.
    * ¿lo dices en broma? = you must be joking!.
    * me atrevo a decir = may I say.
    * ni que decir tiene que = it goes without saying that, needless to say.
    * no decir a Alguien lo que está ocurriendo = leave + Nombre + in the dark.
    * no decir nada = keep + quiet.
    * no decir nada a nadie = lips + seal.
    * no decir palabrotas = watch + Posesivo + mouth.
    * ¡no digas palabrotas! = watch your language!.
    * no hace falta decir que = it goes without saying that, needless to say.
    * no preguntes porque no te puedo decir la verdad = ask no questions and hear no lies.
    * no saber qué decir = be at a loss for words, be lost for words.
    * no ser tan bueno como se dice = not + it's cracked up to be.
    * para comenzar diremos que = to begin with.
    * para decir la verdad = to be honest.
    * por decirlo así = so to speak, in a manner of speaking.
    * por decirlo de alguna manera = so to speak.
    * por decirlo de algún modo = in a manner of speaking, so to speak.
    * por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.
    * por no decir algo peor = to put it mildly.
    * por no decir nada de = to say nothing of.
    * por no decir nunca = if ever.
    * por no decir otra cosa peor = to say the least.
    * predecible en cuanto a lo que dice = platitudinous.
    * probar lo que Uno dice = make + good + Posesivo + claim.
    * qué me dices de... = what about....
    * querer decir = mean.
    * quién iba a decir entonces que... = little did + Verbo + then that....
    * quién + Pronombre + iba a decir que... = little did + Pronombre + know that....
    * recalcar lo que Uno quiere decir = drive + home + Posesivo + point.
    * resaltar lo que Uno quiere decir = drive + home + Posesivo + point.
    * se decía que = rumour had it that.
    * se dice = so the story goes.
    * se dice pronto, pero no es tan fácil = easier said than done.
    * se dice que = rumour has it that, the saying + be + that.
    * según se dice = reportedly, so the argument goes, reputedly.
    * sin decir nada = dumbly.
    * sin decir ni mú = as quiet as a mouse.
    * sin decir ni pío = as quiet as a mouse.
    * sin decir una palabra = without saying a word.
    * sin saber qué decir = nonplussed [nonplused].
    * tener cuidado con lo que se dice = say + the right thing.
    * tener cuidado con lo que Uno dice = watch + Posesivo + mouth, watch what + say.
    * yo me atrevería a decir = dare I say.
    * * *
    I

    ¿cientos de personas? - bueno, es un decir — hundreds of people? - well, figuratively speaking

    II 1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) <palabra/frase/poema> to say; <mentira/verdad> to tell

    ya dice `mamá' — he says `mama' now

    no digas esas cosas, por favor — please don't say things like that

    ¿cómo pudiste decir eso? — how could you say that?

    ¿eso lo dices por mí? — are you referring to me?

    dicen or se dice que es el hombre más rico del país — he is said to be the richest man in the country

    no se dice `andé', se dice `anduve' — it isn't `andé', it's `anduve'

    ¿cómo se dice `amor' en ruso? — how do you say `love' in Russian?

    bonita, lo que se dice bonita, no es — she's not what you would call pretty

    es el sábado; ni que decir tiene que estás invitado — it's on Saturday; you're invited, but that goes without saying

    ¿tendrá tiempo de hacerlo? - dice que sí — will he have time to do it? - he says he will

    ¿no lo encontró? - dice que no — didn't he find it? - no, he says he didn't

    ¿qué tal? ¿qué decís? — (RPl fam) hi, how are things? (colloq)

    2)

    ¿sabes qué me dijo? — do you know what he told me?; (expresando sorpresa, indignación, etc) do you know what he said to me?

    fue algo espantoso, todo lo que te diga es poco — it was terrible, I can't begin to tell you how terrible

    3)
    a) (expresando o transmitiendo órdenes, deseos, advertencias)

    decirle a alguien que + subj — to tell somebody to + inf

    b)
    4) ( por escrito) to say

    ¿qué dice aquí? — what does it say here?

    5) ( llamar) to call
    6) (sugerir, comunicar)

    la forma de vestir dice mucho de una persona — the way someone dresses says a lot/tells you a lot about them

    ¿te dice algo ese nombre? — does that name mean anything to you?

    7)
    8)

    ¿qué quiere decir esta palabra? — what does this word mean?

    ¿qué quieres decir con eso? — what do you mean by that?

    ¿quieres decir que ya no te interesa? — do you mean (to say) that you're no longer interested?

    9) (opinar, pensar) to think

    ¿y los padres qué dicen? — what do her parents think of it?, how do her parents feel about it?

    habría que regalarle algo, no sé, digo yo — we ought to buy her a present, well, I think so anyway

    es muy fácil - si tú lo dices... — it's very easy - if you say so...

    a decir verdad — to tell you the truth, to be honest

    con decirte que: no me lo perdonó nunca, con decirte que ni me saluda... he's never forgiven me, he won't even say hello to me; decir por decir: lo dijo por decir he didn't really mean it; es decir that is; mi cuñada, es decir la mujer de Rafael my sister-in-law, Rafael's wife that is; es mucho decir: es la mejor película del año - eso ya es mucho decir it's the best movie of the year - I wouldn't go that far; he dicho! that's that o final!; no me digas! no!, you're kidding o joking! (colloq); por así decirlo so to speak; que digamos: no es muy inteligente que digamos he's not exactly o he's hardly what you'd call intelligent; que no se diga! shame on you!; que no se diga que no somos capaces! I don't want people saying that we can't do it; y (ya) no digamos or (AmL) y no se diga: le cuestan mucho las matemáticas y no digamos la física he finds mathematics very difficult, and as for physics...; el qué dirán (fam): siempre le ha importado el qué dirán — she's always been worried what other people (might) think; ver tb dicho I

    2.
    decir vi

    papá - dime, hijo — dad - yes, son?

    quería pedirle un favor - usted dirá — I wanted to ask you a favor - certainly, go ahead

    tome asiento, usted dirá — (frml) take a seat, and now, what can I do for you?

    ¿diga? or ¿dígame? — hello?

    3.
    decirse v pron
    a) (refl) to say... to oneself
    b) (recípr) to say.... to each other
    c) (enf)
    * * *
    = declare, put, read, say, state, tell, volunteer, make + the point that, let + Nombre + know, let + it be known, observe, bid, reflect, utter, tender, hip, call + the tune.

    Ex: 24.17 declares Enter a body created or controlled by a government under its own name unless it belongs to one or more of the types listed in 24.18.

    Ex: As one respondent from this end of the information spectrum put it, 'Context is all in the information world'.
    Ex: This error message is displayed in the upper right-hand corner of the screen and reads: DAWT008, 107, DFCR....
    Ex: In conclusion, it should not be necessary to say that instructions and guiding must be as brief as possible.
    Ex: Short abstracts are generally preferred, but there are instances where the most effective approach is to cite the original unamended, and to state that this is what has been done.
    Ex: Program function key 1 (FP1) tells DOBIS/LIBIS to stop whatever it is doing and go back to the function selection screen.
    Ex: 'Anything wrong?' 'Oh, I'm okay, I guess,' volunteered Datto cautiously.
    Ex: However, they do make the very important point that the notation is not an essential part of the scheme.
    Ex: Then the secretary, having rallied herself, said forlornly 'I'll let him know you're here in a minute'.
    Ex: It can certainly be status-conferring to let it be known in social conversation that one has read the latest Fay Weldon book, but if the group one is in never reads Fay Weldon anyway and could not care less what she has written then the victory is a somewhat hollow one.
    Ex: 'All this is not very likely,' she observed at last, 'not only because of the strength of the selection process -- its imperviousness to proof before an arbitrator'.
    Ex: 'Sit down please,' he bade her.
    Ex: 'Now, you know, I could merely turn this over to the two division or all the department heads and let them decide,' reflected Bough.
    Ex: The ideal was forever etched in his consciousness from the day Crane uttered it: a good librarian working anywhere is a credit and benefit to libraries everywhere.
    Ex: 'Well,' Stanton tendered, 'one candidate clearly has the superior experience -- Kass'.
    Ex: He was aghast after having been hipped to the fact there are hookers on the Internet.
    Ex: As long as we allow other people to pay the piper, they will continue calling the tune in Africa.
    * ¡eso se dice pronto! = easier said than done.
    * ¿lo dices en broma? = you must be kidding!.
    * a decir de todos = by all accounts.
    * a decir verdad = to tell the truth, if the truth be known, if the truth be told, in all truth, in truth, fact is, the fact is (that), to be fair.
    * a decir verdad... = the fact of the matter is that....
    * arriesgarse a decir = hazard.
    * atreverse a decir = go + (as/so) far as to say.
    * aunque a decir verdad = Mind you.
    * aventurarse a decir = venture.
    * baste decir que = suffice (it) to say.
    * como dice el dicho = as the saying goes, so the saying goes.
    * como dice el refrán = as the saying goes, so the saying goes.
    * continuar diciendo = go on.
    * cumplir lo que se dice = live up to + Posesivo + claim.
    * decían las malas lenguas que = rumour had it that.
    * decir adiós = bid + Nombre + goodbye, bid + adieu, kiss + Nombre + goodbye, bid + farewell, wave + a bye.
    * decir adiós (a) = say + goodbye (to).
    * decir adiós al pasado = bid + farewell + to the past.
    * decir adiós con la mano = wave + goodbye.
    * decir adiós con un gesto = signal + goodbye.
    * decir a favor de = say in + favour of.
    * decir Algo = break + the news.
    * decir Algo a Alguien = let + Nombre + in on.
    * decir Algo de un modo colérico = flame out.
    * decir Algo que es obvio por sí mismo = state + the obvious.
    * decir balbuceando = splutter, sputter.
    * decir bolas = fib.
    * decir bromeando = quip.
    * decir chorradas = bullshit.
    * decir con desdén = sneer.
    * decir con desprecio = sneer.
    * decir con la boca llena = say in + full confidence.
    * decir con mal humor = spit out.
    * decir con toda confianza = say in + full confidence.
    * decir con voz + Adjetivo = say in + a + Adjetivo + voice.
    * decir de un modo enfadado = spit out.
    * decir disparates = shoot off + at the mouth, talk + rubbish, talk + nonsense, talk through + Posesivo + hat.
    * decir en confianza = confide.
    * decir en defensa de = say in + defence of.
    * decir entrecordamente = splurt out.
    * decir en voz alta = say + out loud, say in + a loud voice.
    * decir en voz baja = say under + Posesivo + breath, say in + a low voice, say in + a quiet voice.
    * decir + esperar = express + hope.
    * decir estupideces = talk + rubbish, talk + nonsense, talk through + Posesivo + hat.
    * decir gilipolleces = talk + nonsense, talk + rubbish, bullshit, talk through + Posesivo + hat.
    * decir humorísticamente = quip.
    * decir inesperadamente = blurt out, pipe.
    * decir la última palabra = hear + the final word, outface.
    * decir la verdad = tell + the truth, speak + the truth, come + clean.
    * decir la verdad sobre = give + Nombre + the lowdown on.
    * decir la verdad, toda la verdad y nada más que la verdad = to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.
    * decirlo = come out with + it.
    * decir lo que Uno piensa = speak up, speak out.
    * decir mentirijillas = fib.
    * decir mentirillas = fib.
    * decir mucho de Algo = speak + volumes.
    * decir pamplinas = bullshit.
    * decir + poseer = claim.
    * decir que Uno se siente cómodo con Algo = express + comfort with.
    * decir que Uno se siente confortable con Algo = express + comfort with.
    * decir que Uno siente lo que le ha pasado a Otra Persona = express + sympathy for.
    * decir rápidamente sin parar = rattle off.
    * decir resoplando = snort.
    * decir sandeces = talk + rubbish, talk + nonsense, bullshit, talk through + Posesivo + hat.
    * decirse = grapevine + carry + the story, make out to be, word + go (a)round.
    * decirse que = be reputed to.
    * decir suspirando = sigh.
    * decir tonterías = talk + rubbish, talk + nonsense, talk through + Posesivo + hat.
    * decir una grosería = make + rude remark.
    * demostrar lo que Uno dice = make + good + Posesivo + claim.
    * dicen las malas lenguas que = rumour has it that.
    * digamos por ejemplo = let us say, say.
    * dime con quién andas y te diré quién eres = you are known by the company you keep.
    * dime con quién andas y te diré quién eres = you are known by the company you keep.
    * el tiempo dirá = time will tell.
    * el tiempo lo dirá = only time will tell.
    * enterarse de lo que Uno quiere decir = catch + Posesivo + drift, get + Posesivo + drift.
    * es decir = i.e. (latín - id est), in other words, that is, that is to say, which is to say.
    * es más fácil decirlo que hacerlo = easier said than done.
    * estar a punto de decir = be on the tip of + Posesivo + tongue to say.
    * esto no quiere decir que = this is not to say that.
    * expresar lo que Uno quiere decir = make + Posesivo + point.
    * hablar sin decir nada = waffle.
    * hacer lo que uno dice que es capaz de hacer = live up to + Posesivo + claim.
    * huelga decir = needless to say.
    * la gente dice que = rumour has it that.
    * ¿lo dices en broma? = you must be joking!.
    * me atrevo a decir = may I say.
    * ni que decir tiene que = it goes without saying that, needless to say.
    * no decir a Alguien lo que está ocurriendo = leave + Nombre + in the dark.
    * no decir nada = keep + quiet.
    * no decir nada a nadie = lips + seal.
    * no decir palabrotas = watch + Posesivo + mouth.
    * ¡no digas palabrotas! = watch your language!.
    * no hace falta decir que = it goes without saying that, needless to say.
    * no preguntes porque no te puedo decir la verdad = ask no questions and hear no lies.
    * no saber qué decir = be at a loss for words, be lost for words.
    * no ser tan bueno como se dice = not + it's cracked up to be.
    * para comenzar diremos que = to begin with.
    * para decir la verdad = to be honest.
    * por decirlo así = so to speak, in a manner of speaking.
    * por decirlo de alguna manera = so to speak.
    * por decirlo de algún modo = in a manner of speaking, so to speak.
    * por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.
    * por no decir algo peor = to put it mildly.
    * por no decir nada de = to say nothing of.
    * por no decir nunca = if ever.
    * por no decir otra cosa peor = to say the least.
    * predecible en cuanto a lo que dice = platitudinous.
    * probar lo que Uno dice = make + good + Posesivo + claim.
    * qué me dices de... = what about....
    * querer decir = mean.
    * quién iba a decir entonces que... = little did + Verbo + then that....
    * quién + Pronombre + iba a decir que... = little did + Pronombre + know that....
    * recalcar lo que Uno quiere decir = drive + home + Posesivo + point.
    * resaltar lo que Uno quiere decir = drive + home + Posesivo + point.
    * se decía que = rumour had it that.
    * se dice = so the story goes.
    * se dice pronto, pero no es tan fácil = easier said than done.
    * se dice que = rumour has it that, the saying + be + that.
    * según se dice = reportedly, so the argument goes, reputedly.
    * sin decir nada = dumbly.
    * sin decir ni mú = as quiet as a mouse.
    * sin decir ni pío = as quiet as a mouse.
    * sin decir una palabra = without saying a word.
    * sin saber qué decir = nonplussed [nonplused].
    * tener cuidado con lo que se dice = say + the right thing.
    * tener cuidado con lo que Uno dice = watch + Posesivo + mouth, watch what + say.
    * yo me atrevería a decir = dare I say.

    * * *
    1
    (manera de expresarse): en el decir popular in popular speech
    ¿cientos de personas? — bueno, es un decir hundreds of people? — well, it's just a manner of speaking o a figure of speech
    supongamos, es un decir, que … let's assume, just for the sake of argument, that …
    al decir de la gente, el clima está cambiando people say the climate is changing
    2 decires mpl (dichos) sayings (pl); (rumores) talk
    no son más que decires it's just talk
    decir2 [ I24 ]
    ■ decir (verbo transitivo)
    A decir: palabra, mentira etc
    B decirle algo a alguien
    C
    1 transmitiendo órdenes, deseos etc
    2 decir adiós
    D por escrito
    E llamar
    F sugerir, comunicar
    G decir misa
    H
    1 querer decir
    2 digo (al rectificar)
    I opinar, pensar
    J en locuciones
    ■ decir (verbo intransitivo)
    A
    1 invitando a hablar
    2 al contestar el teléfono
    B decir bien/mal de
    ■ decirse (verbo pronominal)
    1 reflexivo
    2 recíproco
    3 para enfatizar
    vt
    A ‹palabra/frase› to say; ‹mentira/verdad› to tell; ‹poema› to say, recite; ‹oración› to say
    [ para ejemplos con complemento indirecto ver división 2] ya dice `mamá' he says ‘mama’ now
    no digas esas cosas, por favor please don't say things like that
    no digas estupideces/barbaridades don't talk nonsense o ( AmE) garbage o ( BrE) rubbish
    ¿cómo pudiste decir semejante disparate? how could you say such a stupid thing o make such a stupid comment?
    no me dejó decir ni una palabra he didn't let me get a word in edgeways
    ¿eso lo dices por mí? are you referring to me?
    no sé qué decir … un millón de gracias I don't know what to say … thank you very much indeed
    ¡qué callado estás! ¡no dices nada! you're very quiet, you've hardly said a word!
    ¡no lo dirás en serio! you can't be serious!
    ¡no irás a decir que no lo sabías! don't try and tell me you didn't know!
    —no puedo hacer nada —dijo Juan there is nothing I can do, said Juan o Juan said
    como dice el refrán/mi abuela as the saying goes/as my grandmother says
    lo dijeron por la radio they said it o it was announced on the radio
    no eran ricos, digamos que vivían bien I don't mean they were rich, let's just say they lived well
    dicen que de joven fue muy guapa they say she was very beautiful when she was young
    dicen que es el hombre más rico del país he is said to be the richest man in the country
    ¿qué se dice? — gracias/por favor what do you say? — thank you/please
    no se dice `andé', se dice `anduve' it isn't `andé', it's `anduve'
    ¡eso no se dice! you mustn't say that!
    ¿cómo se dice `te quiero' en ruso? how do you say `I love you' in Russian?, what's the Russian for `I love you'?
    bonita, lo que se dice bonita, no es she's not what you would call pretty
    estoy harta, lo que se dice harta ¿me oyes? I'm fed up, absolutely fed up, do you hear?
    eso se dice pronto, pero no es tan fácil that's easier said than done
    palatal: dícese del sonido cuya articulación … palatal: of, relating to or denoting a sound articulated …
    es el sábado; ni que decir tiene que estás invitado it's on Saturday; you're invited, of course, but that goes without saying o but I don't need to tell you that
    haberlo dicho antes why didn't you say so before?, you might have said so before!
    ¿tendrá tiempo de hacerlo? — dice que sí will he have time to do it? — he says he will
    ¿no lo encontró? — dice que no didn't he find it? — no, he says he didn't
    digan lo que digan no matter what people say, whatever people say
    ¿qué tal? ¿qué decís? ( RPl fam); hi, how are things? ( colloq), hi, what's up? ( AmE colloq)
    B
    decirle algo a algn to tell sb sth
    eso no es lo que me dijo a mí that's not what he told me, that's not what he said to me
    ¿sabes qué me dijo? do you know what he told me?; (expresando sorpresa, indignación, etc) do you know what he said to me?
    se lo voy a decir a papá I'm going to tell Dad
    hoy nos dicen el resultado they're going to give us the result today
    me dijo una mentira he told me a lie, he lied to me
    Andrés me dijo lo de tu hermano Andrés told me about your brother
    ¡a mí me lo vas a decir! you're telling me!, you don't have to tell me!
    ¿sabes lo que te digo? por mí que se muera look, as far as I'm concerned he can drop dead! ( colloq)
    ¿no te digo? éste se cree que yo soy la sirvienta see what I mean? he thinks I'm his servant
    ¿no te digo or no te estoy diciendo que hasta le pega? I'm telling you, he even hits her!
    ¿tú qué me aconsejas? — ¿qué quieres que te diga? tienes que tomar tú la decisión what do you think I should do? — well, to be quite frank o honest, I think you have to decide for yourself
    ya te decía yo que no era verdad I told you it wasn't true, didn't I?
    fue algo espantoso, todo lo que te diga es poco it was terrible, I just can't describe it o I can't begin to tell you
    hace mal tiempo en verano, y no te digo nada en invierno … in summer the weather's bad, and as for the winter …
    ¡no me digas que no es precioso! isn't it beautiful?
    a lo mejor te ofrecen el puesto ¿quién te dice? (CS); you never know, they might offer you the job
    me resultó ¿cómo te diría? … violento I found it … how shall I put it? o I don't know … rather embarrassing
    ¡ya me dirás qué le cuesta escribirnos una carta! I mean, surely it's not too much trouble for him to write us a letter
    no te creas todo lo que te dicen don't believe everything people tell you o everything you hear
    dime con quién andas y te diré quién eres you can judge a man by the company he keeps
    C
    1
    (transmitiendo órdenes, deseos, advertencias): ¡porque lo digo yo! because I say so!
    a mí nadie me dice lo que tengo que hacer nobody tells me what to do
    harás lo que yo diga you'll do as I say
    manda decir mi mamá que si le puede prestar el martillo ( AmL); mom says can she borrow your hammer?
    Fernando pregunta si puede venir con nosotros — dile que sí Fernando wants to know if he can come with us — yes, tell him he can o say yes
    decir QUE + SUBJ:
    dice papá que vayas Dad wants you
    dice que llames cuando llegues she says (you are) to phone when you get there
    dijo que tuviéramos cuidado she said to be careful, she said we should be careful
    decirle a algn QUE + SUBJ to tell sb to + INF
    diles que empiecen tell them to start
    le dije que no lo hiciera I told him not to do it
    nos dijeron que esperáramos they told us o we were told to wait
    te digo que vengas aquí enseguida I said, come here at once
    2
    decir adiós to say goodbye
    vino a decirme adiós she came to say goodbye (to me)
    di adiós a tu vida de estudiante that's the end of your student days, you'd better say goodbye to your student days
    ¿se lo prestaste? ¡ya le puedes decir adiós! you mean you lent it to him? well, you can kiss that goodbye! ( colloq)
    D (por escrito) to say
    ¿qué dice aquí? what does it say here?
    el diario no dice nada sobre el asunto there's nothing in the paper about it
    E (llamar) to call
    le dicen `Dumbo' por las orejas they call him `Dumbo' because of his ears
    se llama Rosario pero le dicen Charo her name is Rosario but people call her Charo
    no me digas de usted there's no need to call me `usted'
    F
    (sugerir, comunicar): la forma de vestir dice mucho de una persona the way someone dresses says a lot o tells you a lot about them
    el tiempo lo dirá time will tell
    por afuera la casa no dice nada the house doesn't look much from the outside
    el poema no me dice nada the poem doesn't do anything for me
    algo me decía que no iba a ser fácil something told me it wasn't going to be easy
    ¿te dice algo ese nombre? does that name mean anything to you?
    la tarta estaba diciendo cómeme the cake was just asking to be eaten
    G
    decir misa to say mass
    H
    1
    querer decir to mean
    ¿qué quiere decir esta palabra? what does this word mean?
    ¿qué quieres decir con eso? what do you mean by that?
    no entendiste lo que quise decir you didn't understand what I meant
    ¿quieres decir que ya no te interesa? do you mean (to say) that you're no longer interested?
    sólo quería decirte que … I just wanted to say that …
    2
    el presupuesto asciende a diez mil, digo cien mil de euros we have a budget of ten thousand, (sorry,) I mean a hundred thousand euros
    I (opinar, pensar) to think
    ¿y los padres qué dicen? what do her parents think of it?, how do her parents feel about it?
    podríamos ir mañana ¿tú qué dices? we could go tomorrow, what do you think?
    ¡quién lo hubiera dicho! who would have thought o believed it?
    podría haber mencionado al resto del equipo, vamos, digo yo … he could have mentioned the rest of the team … well I'd have thought so, anyway
    habría que regalarle algo, no sé, digo yo we ought to buy her a present, well, I think so anyway
    es muy fácil — si tú lo dices … it's very easy — if you say so …
    a decir verdad to tell you the truth, to be honest
    como quien dice so to speak
    el nuevo tren está, como quien dice, a la vuelta de la esquina the new train is, so to speak o to coin a phrase, just around the corner
    la granja es, como quien dice, la razón de su vida I suppose you could say the farm is his whole reason for living
    con decirte que: no me lo perdonó nunca, con decirte que ni me saluda … he's never forgiven me, he won't even say hello to me
    decir por decir: lo dijo por decir he didn't really mean it
    ¡digo! ( Esp fam): ¡qué calor hace! — ¡digo! it's so hot! — you can say that again o I'll say! ( colloq)
    ¿y te gusta? — ¡digo! do you like it? — you bet I do o ( AmE) I sure do! ( colloq)
    es decir that is
    mi cuñada, es decir la mujer de Rafael my sister-in-law, Rafael's wife that is
    no sé si voy a poder ir — es decir que no vas a ir I don't know if I'll be able to go — you mean you're not going
    es mucho decir: es la mejor película del año — eso ya es mucho decir it's the best movie of the year — I wouldn't go that far
    ¡he dicho! that's that!, that's final!
    lo mismo digo: mucho gusto en conocerle — lo mismo digo pleased to meet you — pleased to meet you o likewise
    ¡qué alegría verte! — lo mismo digo it's great to see you! — and you o you too
    ¡no me digas! no!, you're kidding o joking! ( colloq)
    ¿sabes que se casa Lola? — ¡no me digas! do you know Lola's getting married? — no! o you're joking! o really? o never!
    por así decirlo so to speak
    es, por así decirlo, el alma-máter de la empresa he is, so to speak o as it were, the driving force behind the company
    que digamos: no es muy inteligente que digamos he's not exactly o he's hardly what you'd call intelligent
    ¿qué me dices?: saqué el primer puesto ¿qué me dices? I came first, how about that then?
    ¿y qué me dices de lo de Carlos? and what about Carlos then?
    ¿sabes que lo van a derribar? — ¿qué me dices? do you know they're going to demolish it? — what? o you're kidding!
    ¡que no se diga! shame on you!
    ¿te ganó un niño de seis años? ¡que no se diga! you were beaten by a six-year-old child? shame on you!
    ¡que no se diga que no somos capaces! I don't want people saying that we can't do it
    costó $20.000 ¡se dice pronto! it cost $20,000, which is no mean sum
    lleva dos meses enferma, que se dice pronto she has been ill for two months, and that's a long time
    ¡y que lo digas! ( Esp); you can say that again!, you're telling me!, don't I know it!
    y (ya) no digamos or ( AmL) y no se diga: le cuestan mucho las matemáticas y no digamos la física he finds mathematics very difficult, and as for physics …
    el/la que te dije ( fam hum); you-know-who
    el qué dirán ( fam): siempre le ha importado el qué dirán she's always been worried what other people (might) think
    ¿por qué te preocupa tanto el qué dirán? why do you worry about what people will o might say?
    ver tb dicho1 (↑ dicho (1))
    ■ decir
    vi
    A
    1
    (invitando a hablar): papá — dime, hijo dad — yes, son?
    quería pedirle un favor — usted dirá ( frml); I wanted to ask you a favor — certainly, go ahead
    tome asiento — gracias — usted dirá ( frml); take a seat — thank you — now, what can I do for you?
    2
    ( Esp) [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] (al contestar el teléfono): ¿diga? or ¿dígame? hello?
    B
    decir bien/mal de algn/algo: sus trabajos dicen bien de él his work has created a good impression
    la manera en que se comportó no dice muy bien de él the way he behaved doesn't show him in a very good light o doesn't say very much for him
    1 ( reflexivo) to say to oneself
    se dijo que no lo volvería a hacer he said to himself o he told himself that he wouldn't do it again
    me dije para mis adentros que allí había gato encerrado I said o thought to myself, there's something fishy going on here
    2 ( recíproco) to say to each other
    se decían secretos al oído they were whispering secrets to each other
    se dijeron de todo they called each other every name under the sun
    3 ( enf):
    tú hazme caso que yo sé lo que me digo you listen to me, I know what I'm talking about
    no sé para qué me preguntas, si tú te lo dices todo I don't know why you're asking me, you seem to have all the answers
    * * *

     

    decir 1 sustantivo masculino:
    ◊ ¿cientos de personas? — bueno, es un decir hundreds of people? — well, figuratively speaking

    decir 2 ( conjugate decir) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹palabra/frase/poema› to say;

    ‹mentira/verdad› to tell;
    para ejemplos con complemento indirecto ver división 2

    ¿eso lo dices por mí? are you referring to me?;
    ¡no lo dirás en serio! you can't be serious!;
    dijo que sí con la cabeza he nodded;
    no se dice `andé', se dice `anduve' it isn't `andé', it's `anduve';
    ¡eso no se dice! you mustn't say that!;
    ¿cómo se dice `amor' en ruso? how do you say `love' in Russian?;
    ¿lo encontró? — dice que sí/no did he find it? — he says he did/he didn't
    b)


    2 decirle algo a algn to tell sb sth;
    ◊ voy a decirle a papá que … I'm going to tell Dad …;

    ¡ya te lo decía yo! I told you so!
    3
    a) (expresando órdenes, deseos, advertencias):

    ◊ ¡porque lo digo yo! because I say so!;

    harás lo que yo diga you'll do as I say;
    dice que llames cuando llegues she says (you are) to phone when you get there;
    dijo que tuviéramos cuidado she said to be careful;
    diles que empiecen tell them to start;
    le dije que no lo hiciera I told him not to do it
    b)


    4
    a) (opinar, pensar) to think;


    ¡quién lo hubiera dicho! who would have thought o believed it?;
    es muy fácil — si tú lo dices … it's very easy — if you say so …
    b) (sugerir, comunicar):


    ¿te dice algo ese nombre? does that name mean anything to you?
    5
    ◊ querer decir [palabra/persona] to mean;

    ¿qué quieres decir con eso? what do you mean by that?
    6 ( en locs)

    como quien dice so to speak;
    es decir that is;
    ¡he dicho! that's that o final!;
    ni que decir tiene que … it goes without saying that …;
    ¡no me digas! no!, you're kidding o joking! (colloq);
    por así decirlo so to speak;
    el qué dirán (fam) what other people (might) think;
    ver tb dicho 1
    verbo intransitivo

    ◊ papá — dime, hijo dad — yes, son?;

    quería pedirle un favor — usted dirá I wanted to ask you a favor — certainly, go ahead
    b) (Esp) ( al contestar el teléfono): ¿diga? or ¿dígame? hello?

    decirse verbo pronominal
    a) ( refl) to say … to oneself

    b) ( recípr) to say …. to each other;


    decir
    I m (dicho, sentencia) saying: es sólo un decir, it's just a manner of speaking
    II verbo transitivo
    1 to say: está diciendo una mentira/la verdad, she's telling a lie/the truth
    no dijo nada, he said nothing
    2 (con complemento indirecto) to tell: no le dije mi opinión, I didn't tell him my opinion
    les dijo que esperaran un rato, she told them to wait for a while
    3 (opinar, afirmar, proponer) ¿qué me dices de mi nuevo corte de pelo?, what do you think of my new haircut?, te digo que es una extravagancia, I think it's quite weird
    yo digo que vayamos a Cuenca, I suggest going to Cuenca
    4 (suscitar interés, una idea) to mean, appeal: ese libro no me dice nada, that book doesn't appeal to me
    ¿le dice algo esta cara?, does this face mean anything to you?
    5 (mostrar, indicar) to say, show: lo que hizo dice mucho en su favor, what he did says a lot for him
    su cara de decepción lo dice todo, his long face says it all
    ♦ Locuciones: Tel Esp diga o dígame, hello?
    digamos, let's say
    digo yo, in my opinion
    el qué dirán, what people will say
    es decir, that is (to say)
    ni que decir tiene, needless to say
    no decir esta boca es mía, not to say a word
    ¡no me digas!, really!
    por así decirlo, as it were o so to speak
    querer decir, to mean
    ¡y que lo digas!, you bet! ➣ Ver nota en mean
    ¿To tell     o to say?
    Observa que to tell menciona a la persona a la cual va dirigida una frase: Dime tu nombre. Tell me your name. Les dijo que se fueran. He told them to go away.
    Por el contrario, to say se centra en el contenido del mensaje, sin importarnos a quién va dirigido: ¿Qué has dicho? What did you say? Dijo que sí. He said yes. ➣ Ver nota en tell.
    ' decir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - amén
    - amohinarse
    - año
    - apéndice
    - atinar
    - bala
    - barbaridad
    - bastante
    - burrada
    - callar
    - chorrada
    - colmo
    - comenzar
    - confiar
    - cosa
    - declarar
    - delirar
    - descargo
    - despedirse
    - dilucidar
    - disparate
    - entender
    - excusada
    - excusado
    - flexible
    - fluir
    - ir
    - haber
    - hablar
    - holgar
    - honestamente
    - hoy
    - lengua
    - maravilla
    - mu
    - nada
    - obviedad
    - pelagatos
    - pío
    - precisamente
    - puño
    - querer
    - rezar
    - restar
    - rey
    - saciedad
    - señor
    - significar
    - soltar
    English:
    ablaze
    - abuse
    - afraid
    - anything
    - bid
    - bite back
    - blurt out
    - buzz off
    - caller
    - clear off
    - dash off
    - devil
    - dinner
    - distinctly
    - drone
    - enjoy
    - eventual
    - ever
    - few
    - flatter
    - flounder
    - fortune
    - gasp out
    - get
    - get at
    - go
    - go on
    - hand
    - heart
    - hotly
    - i.e.
    - keep in
    - know
    - lip
    - loss
    - mean
    - mention
    - mildly
    - mind
    - miserably
    - mouth
    - move
    - need
    - needless
    - neither
    - no
    - nonsense
    - O
    - occasion
    - oops!
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [en general] to say;
    siempre digo lo que pienso I always say what I think;
    es muy callado, nunca dice nada he's very quiet, he never says anything o a word;
    ¿qué dice la etiqueta? what does the label say?;
    no digas tonterías don't talk nonsense;
    no digas tacos delante de los niños don't swear in front of the children;
    lo dijo en broma she meant it as a joke;
    ¿quién te lo ha dicho? who told you that?;
    me da igual lo que diga la gente I don't care what people say;
    al decir esto, se marchó with these words o with that, he left;
    no sabía qué decir I didn't know what to say, I was lost for words;
    decir que sí/no to say yes/no;
    dice que no viene she says (that) she's not coming;
    como dice el refrán,… as the saying goes,…;
    dicen que va a ser un verano muy seco they say it's going to be a very dry summer;
    ¡díjolo Blas, punto redondo! sure, whatever!, yes, sure!;
    donde dije digo, digo Diego: ayer dijiste que me lo dejarías – sí, pero no puedo – ya, donde dije digo, digo Diego yesterday you told me you'd lend it to me – yes, but I can't now – you're always saying one thing one minute and another the next
    2. [contar] to tell;
    se lo voy a decir a la profesora I'm going to tell the teacher;
    no se lo digas a nadie don't breathe a word of it to anyone;
    ¿qué quieres que te diga? what do you want me to say?, what can I say?;
    ya te lo había dicho yo, es demasiado caro I told you it's too expensive;
    decir la verdad to tell the truth;
    decir mentiras to tell lies;
    pregunta si le dejas salir – dile que sí/no she wants to know if she can go out – tell her she can/can't;
    quiere saber si hemos terminado – dile que sí/no he wants to know if we've finished – tell him we have/haven't;
    dile que estoy ocupado tell him I'm busy;
    dígame lo que pasó tell me what happened;
    eso no es lo que me dijo a mí that's not what she told me;
    tengo que hacerte una pregunta – dime I need to ask you a question – go ahead;
    dígame en qué puedo ayudarle what can I do for you?
    3. [ordenar] to tell;
    la ley dice que es obligatorio el uso del casco according to the law, it is compulsory to wear a crash helmet, the law says that it is compulsory to wear a crash helmet;
    decir a alguien que haga algo to tell sb to do sth;
    haz lo que te digan y no protestes do as you're told and don't complain;
    dile que venga tell her to come;
    nos dijeron que nos fuéramos they told us to go away;
    lo vas a hacer porque lo digo yo you'll do it because I say so
    4. [recitar] [de memoria] to recite;
    [leyendo] to read
    5. [revelar] to tell, to show;
    eso lo dice todo that says it all;
    decir mucho (en favor) de to say a lot for;
    sus ropas dicen bastante sobre su situación económica her clothes say a lot about her financial situation;
    su violenta reacción dice mucho sobre su personalidad his violent reaction tells us o reveals a lot about his personality
    6. [llamar] to call;
    me dicen Paco they call me Paco;
    le dicen la carretera de la muerte they call it the road of death
    7. [asegurar] to tell, to assure;
    te digo que ella no está mintiendo I tell you o assure you (that) she isn't lying;
    dice que llegará mañana sin falta she says (that) she'll definitely arrive tomorrow
    8. [en frases]
    a decir verdad, no me apetece nada ir a la boda to tell (you) the truth o to be honest, I don't really feel like going to the wedding;
    como quien no dice nada as if it were nothing;
    olvídalo, como si no hubiera dicho nada forget I ever mentioned it;
    con decirte que me marché a los diez minutos, te puedes imaginar como fue la fiesta if I tell you that I left after ten minutes, you can imagine what the party was like;
    cualquiera diría que no le dan de comer en casa anyone would o you'd think she never gets fed at home;
    decir para sí to say to oneself;
    decir por decir to talk for the sake of talking;
    no te lo tomes en serio, lo dijo por decir don't take it seriously, she didn't really mean it;
    decirle a alguien cuatro verdades to tell sb a few home truths;
    es decir that is, that's to say;
    aracnofobia, es decir miedo a las arañas arachnophobia, that is o that's to say, fear of spiders;
    tengo otra cita – es decir, que no vendrás a la inauguración I've got another engagement – you mean o in other words you're not coming to the opening ceremony;
    encantado de conocerte – lo mismo digo pleased to meet you – likewise;
    tu primer examen estaba muy mal, y lo mismo digo del segundo you did very poorly in your first exam, and the same goes for the second one;
    ni que decir tiene needless to say;
    yo no digo o [m5]no quiero decir nada, pero… it's not for me to say, but…;
    ¿sabías que Santiago se ha casado? – ¡no me digas! did you know that Santiago got married? – no! o never!;
    ¡no me digas que no te gusta! don't tell me you don't like it!;
    el tenis/este cuadro no me dice nada tennis/this picture doesn't do anything for me;
    no hay más que decir that's all there is to it, that's that;
    (o) mejor dicho or rather;
    por más que digas, no le veo nada especial a esta ciudad whatever you say, I don't see what's so special about this city;
    por decirlo así, por así decirlo in other words, so to speak;
    RP Fam
    ¿qué decís? how are you doing?, how are things?;
    preocuparse por el qué dirán to worry about what people will say;
    no está lloviendo mucho que digamos it's not exactly raining hard;
    él no es muy inteligente que digamos he isn't what you'd call intelligent;
    ha sufrido un infarto – ¡qué me dices! she's had a heart attack – no! o surely not!;
    ¡quién lo diría! tan rico y sin embargo tan humilde who would have thought it, such a rich person and yet so humble!;
    tardarán en construirlo cinco años, ¡se dice pronto! they're going to take five years, no less, to build it!;
    yo lo hago en cinco minutos – eso se dice pronto, no sabes lo difícil que es I'll have it done in five minutes – that's easily said, you've no idea how difficult it is;
    si tú lo dices if you say so;
    ¡tú lo has dicho! you said it!;
    Esp
    ¡y que lo digas! you can say that again!;
    y no digamos, Am [m5]ya no se diga, Am [m5] ni se diga to say nothing of;
    no le gusta el pescado y no digamos el pollo she doesn't like fish, to say nothing of chicken
    ♦ vi
    como quien dice, como si dijéramos so to speak;
    es, como si dijéramos, una mezcla de danza y teatro it's a sort of mixture of dance and theatre;
    es, como quien dice, el alma de la empresa he is, so to speak, the soul of the company;
    Esp
    ¿diga?, ¿dígame? [al teléfono] hello?;
    Fam
    ¡digo! [¡ya lo creo!] of course!;
    [¡madre mía!] I say!;
    tenemos muchas ganas de ir de vacaciones, y nuestros hijos, no digamos we can't wait to go on holiday, and as for our children…
    * * *
    <part dicho>
    I v/t
    1 say; ( contar) tell;
    decir misa say mass;
    decir que sí say yes;
    decir que no say no;
    se dice que … they say that …, it’s said that …;
    diga lo que diga whatever he says;
    ¿qué quieres que te diga? what do you expect me to say?;
    para sí say to o.s.
    :
    es decir in other words;
    dar que decir set people talking;
    ni que decir tiene (que) it goes without saying (that);
    por así decirlo so to speak;
    ya es decir that’s saying something;
    que ya es decir which is really something;
    es mucho decir that’s saying a lot
    :
    ¡quién hubiera dicho que María se iba casar! who would have thought that Maria would get married!;
    dicho y hecho no sooner said than done;
    mejor dicho or rather;
    dicho sea de paso incidentally;
    está dicho, lo dicho as I have already said
    4
    :
    no es rico, que digamos let’s say he’s not rich;
    ¡no me digas! you’re kidding!;
    ¡dímelo a mí! tell me about it!, you’re telling me!;
    como quien dice so to speak;
    y que lo digas you bet;
    ¿y qué me dices de …? so what do you think of …?;
    usted dirá how can I help you?;
    ya decía yo que iba a acabar mal I knew it would end badly;
    ¡quién lo diría! who would believe it!;
    ¡cualquiera diría que tiene setenta años! who would have thought he was seventy!, you wouldn’t think o believe he was seventy!
    II v/i
    :
    ¡diga!, ¡dígame! Esp
    TELEC hello
    III m saying;
    es un decir it’s just a figure of speech
    * * *
    decir {23} vt
    1) : to say
    dice que no quiere ir: she says she doesn't want to go
    2) : to tell
    dime lo que estás pensando: tell me what you're thinking
    3) : to speak, to talk
    no digas tonterías: don't talk nonsense
    4) : to call
    me dicen Rosy: they call me Rosy
    5)
    es decir : that is to say
    6)
    querer decir : to mean
    * * *
    decir1 n saying
    decir2 vb
    1. (en general) to say [pt. & pp. said]
    ¿qué ha dicho? what did he say?
    ¿cómo se dice "biblioteca" en inglés? how do you say "biblioteca" in English?
    2. (a alguien) to tell [pt. & pp. told]
    4. (llamar) to call
    le dicen "Chapi" people call him "Chapi"
    dime / dígame (en tienda etc) yes?
    es decir that is / that is to say
    ¿diga? / ¿dígame? (por teléfono) hello?

    Spanish-English dictionary > decir

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