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  • 1 HOF

    * * *
    n. [in A. S., Hel., and O. H. G. hof means a hall, Lat. aedes, (whence mod. Germ. hof = a farm, answering to Icel. bær or Norse ból,) and spec. the court or king’s household, (in the old Scandin. languages this sense is unknown); Ulf renders ναός and ἱερόν by alhs; in Danish local names -vé prevails, but in Norse and Icel. Hof still survives in many local names, Hof, Hof-garðr, Hof-staðir, Hofs-fell, Hofs-teigr, Hofs-vágr, Landn., Munch’s Norg. Beskriv.; and as the temple formed the nucleus of the old political life (see goði and goðorð), all these names throw light on the old political geography; cp. Hofland near Appleby in Engl.]:—a temple; distinction is made between hof, a temple ( a sanctuary with a roof), and hörgr, an altar, holy circle, or any roofless place of worship: passages referring to hof and worship are very numerous, e. g. for Norway, Hkr. Yngl. S. ch. 12, Hák. S. Aðalst. ch. 16, Ó. T. ch. 76 (by Odd Munk ch. 41), Ó. H. (1853) ch. 113–115, O. H. L. ch. 36, Fær. ch. 23, Nj. ch. 88, 89, Fas. i. 474 (Hervar. S.); for Iceland, Landn. 1. ch. 11, 21, 2. ch. 12, 3. ch. 16 (twice), 4. ch. 2, 6 (interesting), 7, 5. ch. 3 (p. 284), 8 (interesting), 12, Eb. ch. 3, 4, 10, Glúm. ch. 25, Harð. ch. 19, 37, Vd. ch. 15, 17, Hrafn. ch. 2, Eg. ch. 87, Gullþ. ch. 7, Vápn. pp. 10, 11, Dropl. pp. 10, 11, Kristni S. ch. 2, etc.; cp. also Vsp. 7, Vþm. 38, Hkv. Hjörv. 4: poët., orð-hof, the word’s sanctuary = the mouth, Stor.
    2. a hall (as in Germ. and Saxon), Hým. 33 (απ. λεγ.)
    COMPDS:
    I. with gen., hofs-dyrr, n. pl. temple-doors, Fms. i. 97. hofs-eiðr, m. a temple-oath, Glúm. 388. hofs-goði, a, m. = hofgoði, Eg. 754. hofs-helgi, f. = hofhelgi. hofs-hurð, f. a temple-door ( janua), Fms. i. 302. hofs-höfðingi, a, m. a temple-lord, Post. 645. 90. hofs-mold, f. temple-earth, holy mould, see Landn. 254. hofs-teigr, m. a strip of temple-land, glebe, Landn. 241.
    II. hof-garðr, m. a temple-yard, a local name, Landn. hof-goði, a, m. a temple-priest (see goði), Landn. 254, Hkr. i. 6, Eb. 12, 14, 16 new Ed. hof-grið, n. pl. asylum in a sanctuary, Landn. 80, v. l. hof-gyðja, u, f. a priestess, Vápn. 10, Landn. 265, v. l. hof-helgi, f. a temple-holiday, feast; halda h., Ísl. ii. 15: the sanctity of a hof, Bret. 38, Eg. 251. hof-prestr, m. a temple-priest, Stj. hof-staðr, m. a ‘temple-stead,’ sanctuary, Eb. 26, Fms. ii. 73. hof-tollr, m. a temple-toll, rate, Vápn. 10, Eb. 6, 12 new Ed., Bs. i. 6, Gullþ. 11, answering to the modern church-rate.
    B. A court, almost solely in compds, and not earlier than the 14th century, from Romances: hof-ferð, f. pride, pomp, Bs. ii. 122. hof-ferðugr, adj. proud. hof-fólk, n. pl. courtiers, Thom. 322, 479, Grett. 161, Karl. 51, Pass. 21. 8. hof-frakt, n. pomp, Fas. i. 46, Snót 86. hof-garðr, m. a lordly mansion, Thom., Bév., Rétt. hof-list, f. pomp, Thom. 479. hof-lýðr, m. = hoffólk, Clar. hof-maðr, m. a courtier; in pl. hofmenn, lords; hertogi greifi ok aðrir hofmenn, Ann. 1303; gentry, chiefly in the ballads of the Middle Ages, Ungan leit eg hofmann, Fkv. In the old dancing parties the leader of the gentlemen was styled hofmann (cp. Germ. Hoffmann). Before dancing began, men and maids having been drawn up in two rows, he went up to the ladies, and the following dialogue ensued: Hér er Hofmann, hér eru allir Hofmanns sveinar.—Hvað vill Hofmann, hvað vilja allir Hofmanns sveinar?—Mey vill Hofmann, mey vilja allir Hofmanns sveinar. Then each dancer engaged his lady for the dance; það var hlaup, og það var hofmanns hlaup, Safn i. 689. A plain in the neighbourhood of the alþingi, where the people met, is still called Hofmanna-flöt, f. ‘Gentry’s Lea.’ hof-móðugr, adj. haughty, Pass. 18. 5. hof-tyft, f. urbanity, Clar. hof-verk, n. a great feat, Safn i. 71. hof-þénari, a, m. a court servant, Fas. iii. 408.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > HOF

  • 2 HOLT

    n.
    1) wood (opt er í holti heyrandi nær);
    * * *
    n. [A. S. holt = sylva; Germ. holz = lignum; in E. Engl. and North. Engl. holt means copsewood, and the word often occurs in local names]
    1. prop. wood, copsewood, a coppice; but this sense is almost obsolete, though it remains in the saying, opt er í holti heyrandi nær, in a holt a hearer is nigh, answering to the Engl. leaves have ears, in Germ. die blätter haben ohren, Grett. 133: as also in old poems, holt ok hrár viðr, Skm. 32; ösp í holti, Hðm. 4; Hoddmímis holt, Vþm.; fara ór holti, to go from the woods, Vkv. 15: whence holt-skriði, a, m. ‘holt-creeper,’ poët. for a snake, Edda: holta-þór, m. reynard the fox: in laws, yrkja holt né haga, Gþl. 315; h. eða haga eða veiði-staði, 362; but otherwise rare in common prose, holt eðr skógar, Eg.; smákjörr ok holt, Fms. vi. 334: in local names, Holtsetar ( Holsetar), m. pl. ‘holt-sitters,’ the men of Holsten; Holtseta-land, n. the land of the Holtsetar ( Holstenland), whence the mod. Germ. Holstein. In barren Icel., Holt, Holtar are freq. local names, as also in compds, e. g. Lang-holt, Skála-holt, Geldinga-holt, Villinga-holt, Reykja-holt, Holta-vað, see Landn.; in olden times; all these places were no doubt covered with copse (of dwarf birch).
    2. in common Icel. usage holt means any rough stony hill or ridge, opp. to a marsh or lea, Fms. v. 70, 97, Ld. 96, Eg. 713, Fs. 19, 22, 67, passim, as also in mod. usage.
    COMPDS: holtarót, holtasóley, holtbarð, holtsgata, holtshnjúkr, holtsmúli.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > HOLT

  • 3 LAUÐR

    n.
    1) lather;
    2) froth, foam of the sea (alda lauðri faldin).
    * * *
    n., mod. löðr, but the diphthong is borne out by old rhymes as, lauðri, rauða, Fms. vi. 47 (in a verse); nauð, vii. 66; as also by the derivative leyðra, q. v.: [A. S. leaðor = a kind of nitre, used for soap; Engl. lather]:— the froth or foam of the sea water; lauðr var lagt í beði, Fms. vi. 180 (in a verse); ljótu lauðri dreif á lypting, id.; alda lauðri faldin, Orkn. (in a verse); viðr þolir nauð í lauðri, Fms. vii. (in a verse): lauðr Óðins elda, poët. = the blood, Gísl. (in a verse); haf-lauðr, sea-scum, Lex. Poët.; vápn-lauðr = blood.
    II. in prose esp. of a kind of nitre or soap used in cleaning, e. g. the head; cp. Swed. lodder = a kind of soap, Engl. lather; ok þó hón höfuð hans, … ok hafði hón eigi þvegit lauðr ór höfði honum, Ísl. ii. 333 (Heiðarv. S.): líneik ( the maid) strauk lauðri um skör mína, Vígl. 82 new Ed. (in a verse).

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > LAUÐR

  • 4 LÁÐ

    n. poet. land.
    * * *
    n. [prob. akin to lán, Germ. lehn (ð = n), prop. denoting a fief]:—land, but mostly only in poetry: in the allit. phrase, land ok láð, land and lea, Hkm. 21; fyrirgöra landi ok láði, Fms. xi. 363; láð og lög, land and sea; láðs og lagar dýr, an amphibious animal; hann kom fram á eitt fágrt láð, Karl. 71: freq. in poetry, see Lex. Poët.: as also in poët. compds, esp. as láð-gefandi, part. fief-giving: láð-göfgaðr, part. gifted with lands: láð-valdr, m. a fief-wielder = a king; láð-varðaðr and láð-vörðr, m. a land-warder, all epithets of a king, Lex. Poët.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > LÁÐ

  • 5 LÉ

    I) (dat. and acc. ljá; pl. ljár), m. scythe (þeir hjuggust með ljám).
    II) from ljá.
    * * *
    m., with the article léinn, Fms. vii. 264; acc. sing. lia, Korm. 38; ljáinn, Fb. i. 522; plur. learnir, Edda 48; dat. lianum (ljánum), id.; acc. pl. lia (= ljá), id.: the mod. form is nom. ljár, gen. ljás, dat. and acc. ljá; the nom. ljár occurs in Fb. i. 522: [North. E. ley, lea; Dan. lee; Swed. lia]:—a scythe; hinn deigi lé, Mkv.; hvass lé, Flóv. 25; stæltr lé, Grág. i. 501; dengja ljá, ii. 211; orb ok nýjan ljá, Fb. i. 522; ljá í langorfi, Korm. 38; stafn-ljá (dat.), an entering hook, Fms. vii. 264.
    COMPDS: lédengd, lédenging, légarðr.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > LÉ

  • 6 LJÁ

    I)
    (lé, léða, léðr), v.
    1) l. e-m e-s or e-m e-t, to lend one a thing (muntu mér, Freyja, fjaðrhams ljá?; bað hann ljá sér skip);
    2) to grant, give (vil ek, at þú ljáir mér tómstundar til at finna Gizur); l. sik til e-s, to lend oneself to a thing (ef hann vill sik til þess l. at gera yðr mein);
    3) impers., þat má vera, (at) þér ljái þess hugar at hverfa aptr, may be thou art minded to return; ef þér lér tveggja huga um þetta mál, if thou art in two minds in this matter.
    f. new-mown grass (kona hans rakaði ljá eptir honum).
    dat. and acc. from lé, scythe.
    * * *
    1.
    pres. lé, lér, mod. ljæ, ljær, pl. ljúm; pret. léði; pres. subj. lé (Blanda MS.), ljái, Nj. 77, Gg. 11, and mod.: the part. lénir (pl.), Fms. viii. (pref. xxv), is a relic of a lost strong inflexion; in mod. usage léðr; imperat. lé, 656 C. 35; mod. ljá or ljáðu: [Ulf. leiwan, a redupl. strong verb = δανείζειν, Matth. v. 42, Luke vi. 34; A. S. and O. H. G. lihan; Germ. leihen; cp. Icel. lán, lána, lén]:—to lend, with gen. of the thing, dat. of the person, but later with acc. of the thing; muntú mér, Freyja, fjaðrhams ljá? Þkv. 3; Óðinn léði Dag (dat.) geirs síns, Sæm. 114; ok ljái (subj., better lé) þér æ friðdrjúgrar farar, Gg. 11; nú hjálpi oss Guð, ok lé oss tóms at bæta syndir várar, Blanda (MS.); hón léði honum megin-gjarða ok járngreipa, Edda 60 (Cod. Worm.); þá léði hann Þórgesti setstokka (gen. pl.), Landn. 104; ef menn ljá göngu-mönnum fjár síns, Grág. i. 262.: ljá öðrum marks, ii. 304; ljá ambáttar, id.; ef maðr lér manni skips, 394; þeir léðu honum hesta (gen. pl.), Ld. 136; sá er skyldr at ljá skips er beðinn er, K. Þ. K. 8; lé þú mér höfuðdúks þíns, Post. 656, l. c.; at þú ljáir mér tómstundar, Nj. 77; Ingimundr lér þeim Stíganda (gen.?), Fs. 30.
    2. metaph. to grant, allow; þeir ljá honum lífs, en engrar annarrar miskunnar, Hom. 119; er nú lér hann vándum mönnum at ganga yfir oss, Fms. vii. 262; þeim var grunr á, at þó mundi hafðir, þótt eigi væri lénir, viii. (pref. xxv); en annarr hafi léð, Grág. i. 437; þeir báðu sér skips, þeim var léð þegar, Nj. 20; hann kvaðsk hafa léð honum en eigi gefit, Eb. 168.
    3. later, with acc. of the thing, and so in mod. usage; ef hann vill sik til þess ljá, Hkr. i. 212;. hann lér sitt góða á frest, H. E. i. 519; sem Guð læir (i. e. lér) honum framast vit til, Js. 5, Fms. vi. 144, viii. 71, Karl. 247, Gísl. 19; hann lér þeim hestana, id.
    II. impers., þat má vera þér ljái þess hugar at hverfa aptr, may be thou art minded to return, Þorst. Síðu H 176; ef þér lér tveggja huga um þetta mál, if you are of two minds in this matter, Odd. 112 new Ed.; ok lér mér þess hugar, I ween, Fms xi. 96 (emend, for hlær mér hugr).
    III. reflex. ljásk, to lend oneself to a thing, Gþl. 216.
    2.
    f. [lé; East Angl. lay], the mown grass in a field: kona hans rakaði ljá eptir honum, ok bar reifa-barn á baki sér, Bs. i. 666; Stórólfr sendi griðkonur sínar at raka ljána eptir Ormi, Fb. i. 522, freq. in mod. usage.
    II. Ljá, the name of a river in western Iceland, whence Ljár-skógar, m. pl., Landn., but this local name is prob. of Gaelic origin, cp. Engl. Lea, Lee.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > LJÁ

  • 7 SIGÐR

    m. sickle.
    * * *
    m., in mod. usage sigð, f.; in eastern Icel. (Skaptafells-sýsla) it is still used masc., þat verkfæri kallask fyrir austan mela-sigðr, en af öðrum mela-sigð, en sigðrinn má vera svá beittr … með sigðinum …, sigðinn (acc.), Fél. ii. 140, 141, of the year 1781: [A. S. sicol; Engl. sickle; O. H. G. sihila; Dutch zikkel; Dan. segel]:—a sickle; gref, leá ok sigða (acc. pl. sigðar v. l.), N. G. L. iii. 15; þrir sniðlar, item í nöfrum öxum ok sigdum, D. N. i. 321, Post. 26, Boldt 112: the word is now fem., beitt dauða-sigðin sárbeitt sker sóltögr blómstrin væn, Hallgr.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > SIGÐR

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