large+type

(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

Этот ток обозначают I_Z
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]

EN

(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]

ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]

Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:

• its insulation temperature rating;
• conductor electrical properties for current;
• frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
• ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
• ambient temperature.

Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.

The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.

In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.

Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.

The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.

For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.

Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.

When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:

• Wires
• Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
• Fuses
• Circuit breakers
• All or nearly all components used

Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]

Тематики

• электротехника, основные понятия

Синонимы

• длительно допустимый ток
• допустимый ток

EN

• ampacity (US)
• continuous current
• continuous current-carrying capacity
• current-carrying capacity

DE

• Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
• Strombelastbarkeit, f

FR

• courant admissible, m
• courant permanent admissible, m

пещера
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

cave
1) An underground hollow with access from the ground surface or from the sea, often found in limestone areas and on rocky coastlines.
2) A natural cavity, chamber or recess which leads beneath the surface of the earth, generally in a horizontal or obliquely inclined direction. It may be in the form of a passage or a gallery, its shape depending in part on the joint pattern or structure of the rock and partly on the type of process involved in its excavation. Thus, caves worn by subterranean rivers may be different in character from, and of considerably greater extent than, a sea-cave eroded by marine waves.
3) A natural underground open space, generally with a connection to the surface and large enough for a person to enter. The most common type of cave is formed in a limestone by dissolution.
(Source: CED / WHIT / BJGEO)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики

• охрана окружающей среды

EN

• cave

DE

• Höhle

FR

• grotte

гру́ппа шко́льников — groupe d'écoliers

гру́ппа войск — groupement de troupes

фотографи́роваться гру́ппой — se faire photographier en groupe

по́льзоваться слу́чаем — profiter de l'occasion

е́сли предста́вится слу́чай — le cas échéant

при слу́чае — à l'occasion

по слу́чаю чего́-либо — à l'occasion de...

в подо́бном слу́чае — en pareille circonstance, en cette occurence

в тако́м слу́чае, в э́том слу́чае — en ce cas

в слу́чае е́сли — au cas où; supposé que...

на сей слу́чай — à cet effet

во вся́ком слу́чае — en tout cas, dans tous les cas

вам ни в ко́ем слу́чае нельзя́ кури́ть — il vous est absolument interdit de fumer

в кра́йнем слу́чае — à la rigueur

в слу́чае на́добности — au besoin, en cas de nécessité

в ху́дшем слу́чае — au pis aller

купи́ть по слу́чаю — acheter d'occasion

(ку́пленный) по слу́чаю — d'occasion

вакуумный автоматический выключатель
Выключатель, контакты которого размыкаются и замыкаются в сильно разряженной атмосфере внутри оболочки.
(МЭС 441-14-29)
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 2-99 ( МЭК 60947-2-98)]

EN

vacuum circuit-breaker
circuit-breaker in which the contacts open and close within a highly evacuated envelope.
[IEC 60077-4, ed. 1.0 (2003-02)]

FR

disjoncteur à vide
disjoncteur dont les contacts s'ouvrent et se ferment dans une enceinte où règne un vide poussé.
[IEC 60077-4, ed. 1.0 (2003-02)]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

Susol VCB series are premium-type products featuring main structure with high reliability application and a variety of accessories and ability to maximize to be suitable for use as the main circuit breaker to protect key installations in the places such as device industry, power plants, high-rise buildings, large ships.
[LS Industrial Systems]

Вакуумные автоматические выключатели Susol являются устройствами премиум-класса, характеризующимися надежной конструкцией, наличием разнообразных дополнительных принадлежностей и возможностью применения в качестве вводного автоматического выключателя, обеспечивающего защиту ключевых электроустановок промышленных предприятий, электростанций, высотных зданий и крупных судов.
[Перевод Интент]

Рис. LS Industrial Systems
Вакуумный автоматический выключатель Susol

1

Push ON Button

Кнопка ВКЛ.

2

Push OFF Button

Кнопка ОТКЛ.

3

Charge/Discharge Indicator

Индикатор состояния пружины ВЗВЕДЕНА/РАЗРЯЖЕНА

4

ON/OFF Indicator

Индикатор коммутационного положения автоматического выключателя ВКЛ/ОТКЛ.

5

Manual Charging Handle

Рукоятка ручного взвода пружины

6

Key Lock

Замок

7

Operation Counter

Счетчик коммутационных циклов

8

TEST/SERVICE Position Indicator

Указатель положения автоматического выключателя в корзине ИСПЫТАТЕЛЬНОЕ/ПРИСОЕДИНЕННОЕ

Тематики

• выключатель автоматический

Классификация

Обобщающие термины

• аппарат защиты

EN

• vacuum circuit breaker
• vacuum circuit-breaker
• VCB

FR

• disjoncteur à vide

кочевник
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

nomad
1) A member of a people or tribe who move from place to place to find pasture and food. 2) Nomads include gypsies, desert tribes such as the Bedouin and the many primitive tribes in the Americas, Asia and Australia. Herding survives as a way of life around the Sahara, in the Middle East, in Asia as far east as western India, and in the Asian parts of the USSR. The end of pastoral nomadism would be regrettable not merely on account of the independence and distinctiveness of this way of life but because this type of economy may be a more rational means of raising large numbers of animals under arid conditions than is capital-intensive ranching. (Source: CED / WPR)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики

• охрана окружающей среды

EN

• nomad

DE

• Nomade

FR

• nomade

шкаф
Оболочка, как правило, имеющая большие размеры, предназначенная для установки на полу, которая может состоять из нескольких секций, подсекций или отсеков.
Примечание - Оболочки нестандартной формы, например пульты для испытаний, считают шкафами.
[ ГОСТ Р 52796- 2007( МЭК 62208: 2002)]

EN

cabinet
free-standing and self-supporting enclosure for housing electrical and/or electronic equipment
It is usually fitted with doors and/or side panels which may or may not be removable.

[IEC 60917-1, ed. 1.0 (1998-09)]
[IEV number 581-25-02]

cabinet
container that may enclose connection devices, terminations, apparatus, cabling, and equipment. It may be either wall-mounted or self-supporting
[IEC 62134-1, ed. 2.0 (2009-06)]

cubicle
empty enclosure, generally of large dimensions, and in principle of the floor standing type, which may comprise several sections, sub-sections or compartments
NOTE Enclosures with an irregular shape, such as a desk, are considered cubicles for testing purposes.
[IEC 62208, ed. 1.0 (2002-11)]

R

baie
structure fermée indépendante et auto-porteuse destinée à loger du matériel électrique et/ou électronique
Elle est habituellement munie de portes et/ou de panneaux latéraux qui peuvent être amovibles ou non.

[IEC 60917-1, ed. 1.0 (1998-09)]
[IEV number 581-25-02]

armoire
conteneur qui peut abriter des dispositifs de connexion, des terminaisons, des appareillages, des câblages et des équipements. Elle peut être fixée au mur ou être auto-porteuse
[IEC 62134-1, ed. 2.0 (2009-06)]

armoire
enveloppe vide, généralement de grandes dimensions et, en principe fixée au sol, qui peut comprendre plusieurs colonnes, éléments de colonne ou compartiments
NOTE Les enveloppes ayant une forme irrégulière telle qu'un pupitre sont considérées comme des armoires pour les essais.
[IEC 62208, ed. 1.0 (2002-11)]

Тематики

• НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)

EN

• cabinet
• cubicle

DE

• Schrank, m

FR

• armoire
• baie

уплотненная токопроводящая жила
скрученная токопроводящая жила, в которой промежутки между составляющими элементами уменьшены путем механического обжатия, вытягивания или за счет соответствующего выбора формы и расположения проволок
Примечание. Французский термин «ame en paves» означает частично уплотненная токопроводящая жила большого сечения состоящая из нескольких проволок фасонного сечения
[IEV number 461-01-14]

EN

compacted conductor
stranded conductor in which the interstices between the component wires have been reduced by mechanical compression or by drawing or by suitable choice of the shape and disposition of wires
NOTE – The French term «âme en pavés» means a particular compacted conductor of large cross-section comprising a small number of shaped wires.
[IEV number 461-01-14]

FR

âme compacte
âme rétreinte
âme câblée dans laquelle les interstices entre les fils ont été réduits par compression mécanique ou tréfilage ou par un choix approprié de la forme et de la disposition des fils
NOTE – Une âme en pavés est une âme compacte de type particulier ayant une section importante et composée d'un nombre réduit de fils de forme.
[IEV number 461-01-14]

Тематики

• кабели, провода...

EN

• compacted conductor

DE

• verdichteter Leiter, m

FR

• âme compacte
• âme rétreinte