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1 κέλαδος
Grammatical information: m.Compounds: rarely in compp., e. g. κελαδο-δρόμος `who runs in the noise' (Orph.; of Artemis), δυσ-κέλαδος `with terrible noise' (Π 357); on Έγ-κέλαδος s. v.Derivatives: κελαδεινός, Aeol. (Pi.) - εννός `noisy, sounding' (Il.; Chantraine Formation 195f.); κελαδῆτις `id.' ( γλῶσσα, Pi. N. 4, 86; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 164f., Redard 10); κελάδων, - οντος `id.' (Il.), also as river name (Η 133; s. Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 2, 236; 3, 162), rather sec. formation in - ντ- (cf. on ἱμάς) than from a denomin. *κελάδω (Schwyzer 723, Bechtel Lex. s. κέλαδος). Denomin. κελαδέω, aor. κελαδῆσαι `sound, make noise' also trans. `sing of' (Il.) with κελάδημα (E.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Formation like ὅμαδος, χρόμαδος, ῥοῖβδος etc. (Schwyzer 508, Chantraine Formation 359f.). Not to καλέ-σαι, κλη-τός, which is from * kelh₁- and would end in -ε. Zupitza KZ 36, 55 derives κέλα-δος from *keln̥- (cf. the nouns in - άδ-, Chantraine 349ff.). - One compares κελαρύζω.Page in Frisk: 1,813Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κέλαδος
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2 κλάδος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `branch, twig, sprout' (IA., Arist., Thphr.), also a few cases of monosyllabic κλαδ- in κλαδ-ί, κλάδ-α, - ας and of an s-stem in κλάδεσι, - έεσσι, - έων (after δένδρεσι etc.?);Compounds: Compp., e. g. ὀλιγό-κλαδος (Thphr.), κλαδο-τομέω (pap.).Derivatives: Diminut. κλάδιον (Lib., pap.) and κλαδίσκος (Gal.); κλαδεών (Orph.), κλαδών (H.) = κλάδος; κλαδώδης `full of branches' (sch., Eust.), κλάδινος = rameus (Gloss.). Denomin. verb κλαδεύω `cut off branches, clip' (Artem.; - έω Arr.) with κλάδευσις (Aq., Sm., Gp.), κλαδεία (Gp.) `cutting off..., clipping', κλαδευτήρια pl. `pruned leaves' (Gloss.), κλαδευτής `pruner' (Gloss.), κλαδευτήριον, - ια `pruning knife, -festival' (H.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: One often connects * kelh₂- `cut off' (but Pok. 545ff. contains much irrelevant material). But this cannot give the Greek form. The connection with the Germ. word for ` Holz, Wald', OIc. OE holt n. etc. is probably wrong. That both forms can be derived from IE. *kl̥do- must be accidental, and there is no root * kel- without laryneal. Kluge-Seebold notes *kl̥h₂d- [there clearly is a misprint]; a Greek pre-form * klǝd- is impossible since the laryngeal theory: it should be *kl̥h₂d- which would have given *κλᾱδος. For the realia one referred to J. Trier, Holz (Münster-Köln 1952) p. 43ff. Mostly connected with κλάω `break off' (s. v.), but with a pre-Greek (i.e. from before hist. Greek) dental enlargement. Independent of κλάδος is the δ-formation of κλαδαρός `invalid' (s. v.); further καλαδία ἑυκάνη (= `plane') H. [LSJ gives ῥυκάνη (`plane-tree'); thus Frisk s.v.; but this lemma does not exist in H.] with diff. ablaut, s.s.v. - Outside Greek one connects Lat. clādēs `damage etc.', but this requires * klh₂d-, which is impossible for Greek ; and Slav., e. g. Russ.-Csl. klada, Russ. kolodá `beam, block, trunk', on whch I have no opinion. Kuiper GS Kretschmer 121f connected with κλάδος κλών, κλῶναξ, with nasalization (replacement of a stop by the nasal of that series) of the δ; cf. κλῶναξ κλάδος H. Further Pok. 546f..Page in Frisk: 1,864-865Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλάδος
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3 κολάπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `peck (of birds), strike, carve, engrave' (IA., Aeol.).Other forms: Aor. κολάψαι,Derivatives: ἐγ-, ἐκ-κόλαψις `cut in, out' (inscr., Arist.), ἐγ-κόλαμμα `inscription' (LXX, Priene), ( ἐγ-)κολαπτός `carved out' (inscr., LXX); κολαπτήρ m. `chisel' with δια-κολαπτηρίζω `engrave with a chisel' (Lebadeia); also as compound of δόρυ and κολάπτειν with - της-, δρυ(ο)-κολάπτ-[τ]ης `woodpecker' (Ar., Arist.; further s. δρῦς), thus κρᾱνο-κολάπτης name of a venomenous spider (Philum.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: On κόλαφος s. v. Ending as in σκάπτω, δαρδάπτω, κόπτω (with labial of the root) and perhaps built after these as replacement of a disyllabic root-verb, which is preserved in Lith. kalù, kálti `forge, hammer', OCS koljǫ, klati `σφάττειν', Russ. колоть `sting, split, chop', IE. * kolh₂-. Several words have been connected with this root in Greek, s. κόλος, κελεός, κλάω, but see s. vv. Cf. Pok. 545f. * kelH-. - The other languages have no labial enlargement. Best is to assume that it is derived from κόλαφος, which seems quite possible.Page in Frisk: 1,896-897Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κολάπτω
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