kāraṇa-vāda

paramâ̱ṇu

the passing of a sun-beam past an atom of matter Pur. ;
n. 1/8 of a Mātrā VPrāt. ;
- kāraṇa-vāda m. the atomistic system of the Vaiṡeshikas, Saṃk. ;
- tā f. infinite minuteness, the state of an atom Ragh. BhP. ;
- maya mf (ī)n. consisting merely of atoms BhP. ;
- ṇv-aṅgaka m. « subtle-bodied»
N. of Vishṇu L. 1.

pradhāna-kāraṇa-vāda

brahma-kāraṇa-vāda

liṅga-kāraṇa-vāda

kāraṇa-tā

- vāda m. N. of wk.

saṉ-ṡaya

m. (ifc. f. ā) lying down to rest orﾠ sleep L. ;
uncertainty, irresolution, hesitation, doubt in orﾠ of (loc., acc. with prati, orﾠ comp;
saṉṡayaḥ, with Pot., « there is doubt whether» ;
na s-, nâ̱stis-, nâ̱tras-, nahis-, nâ̱styatra-s- etc., « there is no doubt», « without doubt») ĀṡvṠr. Mn. MBh. etc.;
a doubtful matter Car. ;
(in Nyāya) doubt about the point to be discussed (one of the 16 categories) IW. 64 ;
difficulty, danger, risk of orﾠ in orﾠ to (gen. loc., orﾠ comp.) ĀṡvGṛ. MBh. etc.;
- kara mf (ī)n. causing doubt orﾠ risk, dangerous to (comp.) Ṡiṡ. ;
-kāraṇâ̱rthâ̱patti-pūrva-paksha-rahasya n. -kāraṇâ̱rthâ̱patti-rahasya n. N. of Nyāya wks.;
- gata mfn. fallen into danger Ṡak. ;
- ccheda m. the solution of doubt (- dya mfn. relating to it) Ragh. ;
- cchedin mfn. clearing all doubt, decisive Ṡak. ;
- tattva-nirūpaṇa n. - pakshatā-rahasya n. - pakshatā-vāda, m. -parî ̱kshā f. - vāda m. -vādâ̱rtha m. N. of wks.;
- sama m. (in Nyāya) one of the 24 Jātis orﾠ self-confuting replies Nyāyas. Sarvad. (cf. IW. 64);
- sama-prakaraṇa n. N. of wk.;
- stha mfn. being in uncertainty, doubtful W. ;
-yâ̱kshepa m. « removal of doubt», a partic. figure of speech Kāvyâd. II, 163; 164 ;
-yâ̱tmaka mfn. consisting of doubt, dubious, uncertain Pañcat. ;
-yâ̱tman mfn. having a doubtful mind, a sceptic Bhag. Sarvad. ;
-yâ̱numiti f. -yâ̱numiti-rahasya n. N. of wks.;
-yâ̱panna mfn. beset with doubt, dubious (- mānasa mfn. irresolute in mind) W. ;
-yâ̱vaha mfn. causing danger, dangerous to (gen. orﾠ comp.) MBh. ;
- yôcchedin mfn. resolving doubts Hit., Introd. ;
- yôpamā f. a comparison expressed in the form of a doubt Kāvyâd. II, 26 ;
yôpêta mfn. possessed of uncertainty, doubtful, uncertain MW.

parā-marṡa

bending orﾠ drawing (of a bow) R. ;
violation, injury, assault, attack MBh. R. Kād. ;
affection (by disease etc.) MārkP. ;
remembrance, recollection Vedântas. ;
referring orﾠ pointing touched Sāh. ;
reflection, consideration, judgment MBh. Bhāshāp. ;
(in logic) inference, conclusion, drawing conclusions from analogy orﾠ experience, knowledge of the minor premiss in its connection with the major;
N. of wk.;
- kāraṇapakshatā-vāda m. - karya-kāraṇa-bhāva-vicāra m.
- grantha m. - grantha-rahasya n. - ṭippanī f.
- pūrva-paksha-grantka-ṭīkā f. (- thakroḍa m.
- tha-dīdhiti-ṭīkā f. - tha-prakāṡa m. - tha-vivecana n.
-thâ̱nugama m.), - pūrvapaksha-rahasya n. - rahasya n.
- vāda m. -vādâ̱rtha m. - vicāra m.
-siddhâ̱nta-grantha-ṭīkā f. (- tha-kroḍa m.
- tha-prakāṡa m. - tha-vivecana n. -thâ̱loka, m.),
-siddhâ̱nta-rahasya n. - hetutā-vicāra m. N. of wks.

vi-ṡesha

ifc. f. ā) distinction, difference between (two gen., two loc., orﾠ gen. andﾠ instr.) GṛṠrS. MBh. etc.;
characteristic difference, peculiar mark, special property, speciality, peculiarity Mn. MBh. etc.;
a kind, species, individual (e.g.. vṛiksha-v-, a species of tree, in comp. often alsoﾠ = special, peculiar, particular, different, e.g.. chando-v-, a particular metre, vñviṡesha-maṇḍana, a peculiar ornament;
argha-viṡeshāḥ, different prices) MBh. Kāv. etc.;
(pl.) various objects Megh. ;
distinction, peculiar merit, excellence, superiority (in comp. often= excellent, superior, choice, distinguished e.g.. ākṛiti-v-, « an excellent form» ;
cf. vñviṡesha-pratipatti) Mn. MBh. etc.;
(in gram.) a word which defines orﾠ limits the meaning of another word (cf. vi-ṡeshaka andﾠ vi-ṡeshaṇa);
(in phil.) particularity, individuality, essential difference orﾠ individual essence (with the Vaiṡeshikas the 5th cate gory orﾠ Padârtha, belonging to the 9 eternal substances orﾠ Dravyas,
viz. soul, time, place, ether, andﾠ the 5 atoms of earth, water, light, air, andﾠ mind, which are said to be so essentially different that one can never be the other) IW. 66 etc.. ;
(in medicine) a favourable turn orﾠ crisis of a sickness Suṡr. ;
(in rhet.) statement of difference orﾠ distinction, individualization, variation Kuval. (cf. viṡeshôkti);
a sectarian mark, any mark on the forehead (= tilaka) L. ;
(in geom.) the hypotenuse Ṡulbas. ;
N. of the primary elements orﾠ Mahā-bhūtas (q.v.) MaitrUp. ;
the earth as an element BhP. ;
the mundane egg ib. ;
- virāj ib. ;
(ibc., ena orﾠ āt ind. exceedingly, especially, particularly, even more Mn. MBh. etc.;
āt ifc., by reason orﾠ in consequence of. VarBṛS. ;
yenayenaviṡesheṇa, in any way whatever MBh.);
mf (ā)n. extraordinary, abundant Ragh. II, 14 ( B. viṡeshāt for viṡeshā);
- karaṇa n. making better, improvement Mālav. ;
- kṛit mfn. making a distinction, distinguishing RPrāt. ;
- garhaṇīya mfn. especially reprehensible, even more blamable Kuval.;
- guṇa m. a special orﾠ distinct quality Nīlak. ;
(in phil.) a substance of a distinct kind (as soul, time, space, ether, andﾠ the five atoms enumerated above) W. ;
- jña mfn. knowing distinctions, judicious Kāv. Kathās. ;
(ifc.) knowing various kinds of. R. ;
jñāna-vādâ̱rtha m. N. of wk.;
- tac ind. according to the difference of. in proportion to (comp.) Mn. XI, 2 ;
especially, particularly, above all Mn. MBh. etc.;
individually, singly, Vedantas. ;
- tva n. distinction, notion of the particular L. ;
- driṡya mfn. of splendid aspect orﾠ appearance Ragh. ;
- dharma m. a peculiar orﾠ different duty W. ;
a special law MW. ;
niyama m. a partic. observance MBh. ;
- nirukti f. (ibc.) « explanation of differences» ;
N. of wk. (- kroḍa m. - ṭīkā f. - prakāṡa, m.;
- tyāloka m. N. of wks.);
- patanīya n. a partic. crime orﾠ sin Yājñ. III, 298 ;
-padâ̱rtha m. (in Nyāya) the category of particularity (cf. above under viṡesha);
- pratipatti f. a special mark of honour orﾠ respect Ragh. ;
- pratishedha m. a special exception MW. ;
- pramāṇa n. special authority ib. ;
- bhāga m. a partic. part of an elephant's fore-foot L. ;
- bhāvanā f. reflecting on orﾠ perceiving difference W. ;
(in arithm.) a partic. operation in extracting roots, composition by the difference of the products ib. ;
- bhūta-pariṡishṭa n. N. of wk.;
- maṇḍana n. a peculiar ornament Ṡak. ;
- mati m. N. of a Bodhisattva andﾠ of another man Buddh. ;
- mitra m. N. of a man Buddh. ;
- ramaṇīya mfn. especially delightful, particularly pleasant Vikr. ;
- lakshaṇa n. any specific orﾠ characteristic mark orﾠ sign W. ;
(- ṇāṭīkā f. N. of wk.);
liṅga n. a partic. mark, specific property, attribute of a subordinate class Kap. ;
- vacana n. « distinguishing orﾠ defining word», an adjective, apposition Pāṇ. 8-1, 74 ;
a special text, special rule orﾠ precept W. ;
- vat mfn. pursuing something particular MBh. II, 849 ;
possessed of some distinguishing property orﾠ specific quality BhP. ;
excellent, superior, better than (abl.) MBh. Hariv. ;
making a difference ( seeﾠ a-v-);
- vāda m. the above doctrine of the Vaiṡeshikas;
(- ṭīkā f. N. of wk.;
- din m. an adherent of that doctrine Sāṃkhyak. Sch.);
- vikrama-ruci mfn. taking delight in splendid heroism Bhartṛ. ;
- vid mfn. = jña MBh. ;
- vidvas m. « eminently learned», a sage, philosopher W. ;
- vidhi m. a special rule orﾠ observance W. ;
- vyāpti f. (in logic) a form of Vyāpti orﾠ pervasion L. ;
N. of wk. ( alsoﾠ - rahasya n.);
- ṡārṅgadhara m. N. of wk.;
- ṡālin mfn. possessing peculiar merit orﾠ excellence Kir. ;
- ṡāstra n. (in gram.) a special rule(= apavāda) MW. ;
- sthu mfn. being (found only) in excellent persons orﾠ things Kāvyâd. II, 170 ;
-shâ̱tideṡa m. a special supplementary rule ib. ;
-shâ̱mṛita n. N. of wk.;
-shâ̱rtha m. the sense orﾠ essence of distinction, difference (am ind. for the sake of difference MW.);
- prakāṡikā f. - bodhikā f. N. of wks.;
-shâ̱rthin mfn. seeking for excellence orﾠ distinction MBh. ;
particular in searching for anything MW. ;
(- thi) - tā f. the searching for something better Pañcat. ;
-shâ̱vasyakaniryukti f. N. of wk.;
- shôkti f. « mention of difference»
N. of a figure of speech (in which the excellence of a thing is implied by comparing it to some highly prized object, yet mentioning the difference
e.g.. dyūtaṉnāmapurushasyâ̱siṉhâ̱sanaṉrājyam, « truly gambling is a man's throneless kingdom» Mṛicch. II, 6/7) Vām. IV, 3, 23 (cf. Kāvyad. II, 323 etc..);
enumeration of merits, panegyric W. ;
-shâ̱cchvasita n. the peculiar breath orﾠ life, cherished object), a peculiar treasure (applied to an object especially dear) MW. ;
- shôddeṡa m. (in Nyāya) a partic. kind of enunciation ib.

pra-karaṇa

treatment, discussion, explanation;
treatise, monograph, book, chapter (esp. introduction orﾠ prologue) GṛṠrS. MBh. Sarvad. ;
a subject, topic, question, matter, occasion, opportunity MBh. Kāv. etc.;
( asminneva-raṇe, « on this occasion» orﾠ « in this connection» MBh. ;
naca-raṇaṉvetsi, « nor do you know what is the matter» Kathās.);
a kind of drama with a fictitious plot (such as Mṛicch. Mālatīm. etc.) Sāh. (IW. 47 r) ;
treating with respect W. ;
doing much orﾠ well ib. ;
N. of wk. (cf. nyāyapr-);
- tas ind. occasionally Suṡr. ;
- tva n. Vedântas. ;
- pañcikā f. - pāda m. -vādâ̱rtha m. N. of wks.;
- ṡas ind. according to species orﾠ kind (opp. to pṛithak-tvena) Nir. ;
- sama m. a kind of sophism, an assertion by two opponents of some argument which has the same force of argument pro andﾠ con Nyāyas. Car. ;
- ṇī ( orﾠ - ṇikā) f. a drama of the same character as the Prakaraṇa but of less extent Sāh.

pra-kāṡa

clear, manifest, open, public Mn. MBh. etc. ( nāmadheyamprakāṡaṉkṛitvā, « pronouncing a name out loud» ṠāṇkhGṛ.);
expanded W. ;
universally noted, famous, celebrated for (instr. orﾠ comp.) MBh. Kālid. ;
renowned throughout (comp.) Ragh. ;
(ifc.) having the appearance of, looking like, resembling MBh. R. etc.;
ibc. andﾠ (am) ind. openly, publicly, before the eyes of all Mn. MBh. etc. (-ṡaṉnâ̱bhyudaikshata, « he did not look up openly» R.);
aloud, audibly (esp. in dram., opp. to ātma-gatam, sva-gatam etc.);
m. clearness, brightness, splendour, lustre, light RV. etc. etc.;
(fig.) light, elucidation, explanation (esp. at the end of titles of explanatory works e.g.. kāvya-, tarka- etc.);
appearance, display. manifestation, expansion, diffusion MBh. Kāv. Sāh. ;
publicity, fame, renown, glory Hariv. ;
sunshine open spot orﾠ air MBh. Ṡak. MārkP. (e ind. openly, publicly, before the world ifc. in the presence of MBh. Prab.);
the gloss on the upper part of a (horse's) body VS. ( Mahīdh.);
w.r. for prāk- TBr. ;
a chapter, section, Cat;
N. of sev. wks. ib. ;
laughter L. ;
N. of a Brāhman (son of Tamas) MBh. ;
of Manu Raivata Hariv. ;
(pl.) the messengers of Vishṇu L. ;
n. bell-metal, brass L. ;
- kartṛi m. « light-maker»
N. of the sun MBh. ;
- karman m. « whose work is to give light»
N. of the sun MBh. ;
- kāma mfn. wishing for renown ĀṡvṠr. ;
- kraya m. a purchase made publicly MW. ;
- tā f. brightness, brilliance, splendour Yājñ. Pañcat. ;
publicity (- tāṉ-gam, to become known orﾠ public Mudr.);
renown MBh. ;
- tva n. clearness, brightness Naish. Sch. ;
appearance, manifestation ( sva-, « of one's self») Sāh. ;
celebrity, renown MBh. ;
- datta m. N. of a poet Cat. ;
- devī f. N. of a princess Rājat. ;
- dhara m. N. of an author Cat. ;
- nārī f. « public woman», a prostitute Mṛicch. ;
- vañcaka m. open rogue, a public deceiver orﾠ cheat MW. ;
- vat mfn. (- vat-tva n.) bright, brilliant, shining ChUp. Ragh. Sch. Ṡaṃk. ;
m. N. of one of the feet of Brahmā. ChUp. ;
- varsha m. N. of a poet Cat. ;
- vāda m. - saṉhitā f. - saptati f. - sūtra n. N. of wks.;
-ṡâ̱kāṡa-kānti mfn. bright as a clear sky MW. ;
-ṡâ̱tmaka mfn. = -ṡâ̱tman (- ka-tva n. the possession of a brilliant nature orﾠ character, brilliancy) Ṡaṃk. ;
-ṡâ̱tman mfn. brilliant in character orﾠ nature, brilliant, shining Sūryas. ;
m. N. of Ṡiva Ṡivag. ;
the sun L. ;
N. of sev. men andﾠ authors ( alsoﾠ with yati andﾠ svāmin) Cat. ;
-ṡâ̱ditya m. andﾠ -ṡâ̱nanda m. N. of authors Cat. ;
- ṡī-karaṇa n. giving light, illuminating R. ;
- ṡī-kṛi P. Ā. to give light, illumine Var. ;
to publish, make known Hariv. ;
- ṡī-bhāva m. the becoming light, morning twilight Nir. ;
- ṡêtara mfn. « other than visible», invisible Ṡak. ;
- ṡêndra m. N. of a man (the father of Kshemêndra) Cat. ;
- ṡôdaya m. N. of wk.