nirukti

sa-vyabhicāra

m. (in phil.) an argument wide of the mark orﾠ incompatible with the conclusion drawn from it, an allegation proving too much (one of the Hetv-ābhāsas q.v.), a too general middle term (as « fire» to prove smoke) Nyāyas. Sarvad. ;
N. of various Nyāya wks.;
- kroḍa m. - grantha-rahasya n. - nirukti f.
- pūrva-paksha-kroḍa m. - ksha-grantha-ṭīkā f.
- ksha-grantha-dīdhiti-ṭīkā f. - ksha-grantkaloka m.
- vāda m. sāmānya-nirukti f. andﾠ - ti-kroḍa m.
-siddhâ̱nta-grantha-ṭikā f. othadīdhiti-ṭīkā f.
- tha-prakāṡa m. - tha-rahasya n. - tha-loka m. N. of wks.

pū́rva-pakshá

the first half of a lunar month, the fortnight of the waxing moon TS. Br. Lāṭy. etc. (-kshâ̱ha, a day in the first half etc. ĀpGṛ.);
the first half of a year KātyṠr. ;
an action at law, the first statement of the plaintiff, first step in a law-suit Yājñ. Vishṇ. Nār. ;
the first objection to an assertion in any discussion, the prima facie view orﾠ argument in any question Ṡaṃk. Suṡr. MārkP. (cf. IW. 99);
- grantha m. - tha-ṭīkā f. - tha-prakāṡa m. - tha-rahasya n. -thâ̱nu-gama m. - nirukti f. N. of wks.;
- pāda m. the first step of a legal process orﾠ law-suit, the plaint of the plaintiff W. ;
- rahasya n. - lakshaṇa n. - vyāpti f. - ti-kroḍa m. - ti-lakshaṇa n. - vyutpatti-lakshaṇa n. - vyutpatti-vāda m. -kshâ̱valī f. N. of wks.

mithyā́-tva

(with Jainas) perversion (as one of the 18 faults) orﾠ illusion (as the lowest of the 14 steps which lead to final emancipation) Sarvad. ;
- nirukti f. orﾠ - nirvacana n. - vāda-rahasya n.;
-tvâ̱numāna-khaṇḍana n. N. of wks.;
- tvin mfn. being in a state of illusion Ṡatr.

vāk-pāṭava

- nirukti f. N. of a Kāvya.

vi-ṡesha

ifc. f. ā) distinction, difference between (two gen., two loc., orﾠ gen. andﾠ instr.) GṛṠrS. MBh. etc.;
characteristic difference, peculiar mark, special property, speciality, peculiarity Mn. MBh. etc.;
a kind, species, individual (e.g.. vṛiksha-v-, a species of tree, in comp. often alsoﾠ = special, peculiar, particular, different, e.g.. chando-v-, a particular metre, vñviṡesha-maṇḍana, a peculiar ornament;
argha-viṡeshāḥ, different prices) MBh. Kāv. etc.;
(pl.) various objects Megh. ;
distinction, peculiar merit, excellence, superiority (in comp. often= excellent, superior, choice, distinguished e.g.. ākṛiti-v-, « an excellent form» ;
cf. vñviṡesha-pratipatti) Mn. MBh. etc.;
(in gram.) a word which defines orﾠ limits the meaning of another word (cf. vi-ṡeshaka andﾠ vi-ṡeshaṇa);
(in phil.) particularity, individuality, essential difference orﾠ individual essence (with the Vaiṡeshikas the 5th cate gory orﾠ Padârtha, belonging to the 9 eternal substances orﾠ Dravyas,
viz. soul, time, place, ether, andﾠ the 5 atoms of earth, water, light, air, andﾠ mind, which are said to be so essentially different that one can never be the other) IW. 66 etc.. ;
(in medicine) a favourable turn orﾠ crisis of a sickness Suṡr. ;
(in rhet.) statement of difference orﾠ distinction, individualization, variation Kuval. (cf. viṡeshôkti);
a sectarian mark, any mark on the forehead (= tilaka) L. ;
(in geom.) the hypotenuse Ṡulbas. ;
N. of the primary elements orﾠ Mahā-bhūtas (q.v.) MaitrUp. ;
the earth as an element BhP. ;
the mundane egg ib. ;
- virāj ib. ;
(ibc., ena orﾠ āt ind. exceedingly, especially, particularly, even more Mn. MBh. etc.;
āt ifc., by reason orﾠ in consequence of. VarBṛS. ;
yenayenaviṡesheṇa, in any way whatever MBh.);
mf (ā)n. extraordinary, abundant Ragh. II, 14 ( B. viṡeshāt for viṡeshā);
- karaṇa n. making better, improvement Mālav. ;
- kṛit mfn. making a distinction, distinguishing RPrāt. ;
- garhaṇīya mfn. especially reprehensible, even more blamable Kuval.;
- guṇa m. a special orﾠ distinct quality Nīlak. ;
(in phil.) a substance of a distinct kind (as soul, time, space, ether, andﾠ the five atoms enumerated above) W. ;
- jña mfn. knowing distinctions, judicious Kāv. Kathās. ;
(ifc.) knowing various kinds of. R. ;
jñāna-vādâ̱rtha m. N. of wk.;
- tac ind. according to the difference of. in proportion to (comp.) Mn. XI, 2 ;
especially, particularly, above all Mn. MBh. etc.;
individually, singly, Vedantas. ;
- tva n. distinction, notion of the particular L. ;
- driṡya mfn. of splendid aspect orﾠ appearance Ragh. ;
- dharma m. a peculiar orﾠ different duty W. ;
a special law MW. ;
niyama m. a partic. observance MBh. ;
- nirukti f. (ibc.) « explanation of differences» ;
N. of wk. (- kroḍa m. - ṭīkā f. - prakāṡa, m.;
- tyāloka m. N. of wks.);
- patanīya n. a partic. crime orﾠ sin Yājñ. III, 298 ;
-padâ̱rtha m. (in Nyāya) the category of particularity (cf. above under viṡesha);
- pratipatti f. a special mark of honour orﾠ respect Ragh. ;
- pratishedha m. a special exception MW. ;
- pramāṇa n. special authority ib. ;
- bhāga m. a partic. part of an elephant's fore-foot L. ;
- bhāvanā f. reflecting on orﾠ perceiving difference W. ;
(in arithm.) a partic. operation in extracting roots, composition by the difference of the products ib. ;
- bhūta-pariṡishṭa n. N. of wk.;
- maṇḍana n. a peculiar ornament Ṡak. ;
- mati m. N. of a Bodhisattva andﾠ of another man Buddh. ;
- mitra m. N. of a man Buddh. ;
- ramaṇīya mfn. especially delightful, particularly pleasant Vikr. ;
- lakshaṇa n. any specific orﾠ characteristic mark orﾠ sign W. ;
(- ṇāṭīkā f. N. of wk.);
liṅga n. a partic. mark, specific property, attribute of a subordinate class Kap. ;
- vacana n. « distinguishing orﾠ defining word», an adjective, apposition Pāṇ. 8-1, 74 ;
a special text, special rule orﾠ precept W. ;
- vat mfn. pursuing something particular MBh. II, 849 ;
possessed of some distinguishing property orﾠ specific quality BhP. ;
excellent, superior, better than (abl.) MBh. Hariv. ;
making a difference ( seeﾠ a-v-);
- vāda m. the above doctrine of the Vaiṡeshikas;
(- ṭīkā f. N. of wk.;
- din m. an adherent of that doctrine Sāṃkhyak. Sch.);
- vikrama-ruci mfn. taking delight in splendid heroism Bhartṛ. ;
- vid mfn. = jña MBh. ;
- vidvas m. « eminently learned», a sage, philosopher W. ;
- vidhi m. a special rule orﾠ observance W. ;
- vyāpti f. (in logic) a form of Vyāpti orﾠ pervasion L. ;
N. of wk. ( alsoﾠ - rahasya n.);
- ṡārṅgadhara m. N. of wk.;
- ṡālin mfn. possessing peculiar merit orﾠ excellence Kir. ;
- ṡāstra n. (in gram.) a special rule(= apavāda) MW. ;
- sthu mfn. being (found only) in excellent persons orﾠ things Kāvyâd. II, 170 ;
-shâ̱tideṡa m. a special supplementary rule ib. ;
-shâ̱mṛita n. N. of wk.;
-shâ̱rtha m. the sense orﾠ essence of distinction, difference (am ind. for the sake of difference MW.);
- prakāṡikā f. - bodhikā f. N. of wks.;
-shâ̱rthin mfn. seeking for excellence orﾠ distinction MBh. ;
particular in searching for anything MW. ;
(- thi) - tā f. the searching for something better Pañcat. ;
-shâ̱vasyakaniryukti f. N. of wk.;
- shôkti f. « mention of difference»
N. of a figure of speech (in which the excellence of a thing is implied by comparing it to some highly prized object, yet mentioning the difference
e.g.. dyūtaṉnāmapurushasyâ̱siṉhâ̱sanaṉrājyam, « truly gambling is a man's throneless kingdom» Mṛicch. II, 6/7) Vām. IV, 3, 23 (cf. Kāvyad. II, 323 etc..);
enumeration of merits, panegyric W. ;
-shâ̱cchvasita n. the peculiar breath orﾠ life, cherished object), a peculiar treasure (applied to an object especially dear) MW. ;
- shôddeṡa m. (in Nyāya) a partic. kind of enunciation ib.

vṛitti-candra-pradīpikā-nirukti

ṡaṅka-tva-nirukti

sāmānya-nirukti

N. of various wks.;
- kroḍa m. - grantharahasya n. -granthâ̱rtha m. - ṭīkā, f. - didhitiṭīkā f. - dvitīya-takshaṇa n. - pattra n. - prathama-lakshaṇa n. - lakshaṇa n. - vivecana n. - vyākhyā, f.;
- ty-anugama m. - ty-abhinavavyākhyā f. N. of wks.