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  • 41 Brunel, Isambard Kingdom

    [br]
    b. 9 April 1806 Portsea, Hampshire, England
    d. 15 September 1859 18 Duke Street, St James's, London, England
    [br]
    English civil and mechanical engineer.
    [br]
    The son of Marc Isambard Brunel and Sophia Kingdom, he was educated at a private boarding-school in Hove. At the age of 14 he went to the College of Caen and then to the Lycée Henri-Quatre in Paris, after which he was apprenticed to Louis Breguet. In 1822 he returned from France and started working in his father's office, while spending much of his time at the works of Maudslay, Sons \& Field.
    From 1825 to 1828 he worked under his father on the construction of the latter's Thames Tunnel, occupying the position of Engineer-in-Charge, exhibiting great courage and presence of mind in the emergencies which occurred not infrequently. These culminated in January 1828 in the flooding of the tunnel and work was suspended for seven years. For the next five years the young engineer made abortive attempts to find a suitable outlet for his talents, but to little avail. Eventually, in 1831, his design for a suspension bridge over the River Avon at Clifton Gorge was accepted and he was appointed Engineer. (The bridge was eventually finished five years after Brunel's death, as a memorial to him, the delay being due to inadequate financing.) He next planned and supervised improvements to the Bristol docks. In March 1833 he was appointed Engineer of the Bristol Railway, later called the Great Western Railway. He immediately started to survey the route between London and Bristol that was completed by late August that year. On 5 July 1836 he married Mary Horsley and settled into 18 Duke Street, Westminster, London, where he also had his office. Work on the Bristol Railway started in 1836. The foundation stone of the Clifton Suspension Bridge was laid the same year. Whereas George Stephenson had based his standard railway gauge as 4 ft 8½ in (1.44 m), that or a similar gauge being usual for colliery wagonways in the Newcastle area, Brunel adopted the broader gauge of 7 ft (2.13 m). The first stretch of the line, from Paddington to Maidenhead, was opened to traffic on 4 June 1838, and the whole line from London to Bristol was opened in June 1841. The continuation of the line through to Exeter was completed and opened on 1 May 1844. The normal time for the 194-mile (312 km) run from Paddington to Exeter was 5 hours, at an average speed of 38.8 mph (62.4 km/h) including stops. The Great Western line included the Box Tunnel, the longest tunnel to that date at nearly two miles (3.2 km).
    Brunel was the engineer of most of the railways in the West Country, in South Wales and much of Southern Ireland. As railway networks developed, the frequent break of gauge became more of a problem and on 9 July 1845 a Royal Commission was appointed to look into it. In spite of comparative tests, run between Paddington-Didcot and Darlington-York, which showed in favour of Brunel's arrangement, the enquiry ruled in favour of the narrow gauge, 274 miles (441 km) of the former having been built against 1,901 miles (3,059 km) of the latter to that date. The Gauge Act of 1846 forbade the building of any further railways in Britain to any gauge other than 4 ft 8 1/2 in (1.44 m).
    The existence of long and severe gradients on the South Devon Railway led to Brunel's adoption of the atmospheric railway developed by Samuel Clegg and later by the Samuda brothers. In this a pipe of 9 in. (23 cm) or more in diameter was laid between the rails, along the top of which ran a continuous hinged flap of leather backed with iron. At intervals of about 3 miles (4.8 km) were pumping stations to exhaust the pipe. Much trouble was experienced with the flap valve and its lubrication—freezing of the leather in winter, the lubricant being sucked into the pipe or eaten by rats at other times—and the experiment was abandoned at considerable cost.
    Brunel is to be remembered for his two great West Country tubular bridges, the Chepstow and the Tamar Bridge at Saltash, with the latter opened in May 1859, having two main spans of 465 ft (142 m) and a central pier extending 80 ft (24 m) below high water mark and allowing 100 ft (30 m) of headroom above the same. His timber viaducts throughout Devon and Cornwall became a feature of the landscape. The line was extended ultimately to Penzance.
    As early as 1835 Brunel had the idea of extending the line westwards across the Atlantic from Bristol to New York by means of a steamship. In 1836 building commenced and the hull left Bristol in July 1837 for fitting out at Wapping. On 31 March 1838 the ship left again for Bristol but the boiler lagging caught fire and Brunel was injured in the subsequent confusion. On 8 April the ship set sail for New York (under steam), its rival, the 703-ton Sirius, having left four days earlier. The 1,340-ton Great Western arrived only a few hours after the Sirius. The hull was of wood, and was copper-sheathed. In 1838 Brunel planned a larger ship, some 3,000 tons, the Great Britain, which was to have an iron hull.
    The Great Britain was screwdriven and was launched on 19 July 1843,289 ft (88 m) long by 51 ft (15.5 m) at its widest. The ship's first voyage, from Liverpool to New York, began on 26 August 1845. In 1846 it ran aground in Dundrum Bay, County Down, and was later sold for use on the Australian run, on which it sailed no fewer than thirty-two times in twenty-three years, also serving as a troop-ship in the Crimean War. During this war, Brunel designed a 1,000-bed hospital which was shipped out to Renkioi ready for assembly and complete with shower-baths and vapour-baths with printed instructions on how to use them, beds and bedding and water closets with a supply of toilet paper! Brunel's last, largest and most extravagantly conceived ship was the Great Leviathan, eventually named The Great Eastern, which had a double-skinned iron hull, together with both paddles and screw propeller. Brunel designed the ship to carry sufficient coal for the round trip to Australia without refuelling, thus saving the need for and the cost of bunkering, as there were then few bunkering ports throughout the world. The ship's construction was started by John Scott Russell in his yard at Millwall on the Thames, but the building was completed by Brunel due to Russell's bankruptcy in 1856. The hull of the huge vessel was laid down so as to be launched sideways into the river and then to be floated on the tide. Brunel's plan for hydraulic launching gear had been turned down by the directors on the grounds of cost, an economy that proved false in the event. The sideways launch with over 4,000 tons of hydraulic power together with steam winches and floating tugs on the river took over two months, from 3 November 1857 until 13 January 1858. The ship was 680 ft (207 m) long, 83 ft (25 m) beam and 58 ft (18 m) deep; the screw was 24 ft (7.3 m) in diameter and paddles 60 ft (18.3 m) in diameter. Its displacement was 32,000 tons (32,500 tonnes).
    The strain of overwork and the huge responsibilities that lay on Brunel began to tell. He was diagnosed as suffering from Bright's disease, or nephritis, and spent the winter travelling in the Mediterranean and Egypt, returning to England in May 1859. On 5 September he suffered a stroke which left him partially paralysed, and he died ten days later at his Duke Street home.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    L.T.C.Rolt, 1957, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, London: Longmans Green. J.Dugan, 1953, The Great Iron Ship, Hamish Hamilton.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Brunel, Isambard Kingdom

  • 42 peso

    m.
    1 weight.
    tiene un kilo de peso it weighs a kilo
    peso atómico atomic weight
    peso bruto gross weight
    peso ligero lightweight
    peso medio middleweight
    peso molecular molecular weight
    peso mosca flyweight
    peso muerto dead weight
    peso neto net weight
    peso pesado heavyweight
    2 weight (fuerza, influencia).
    su palabra tiene mucho peso his word carries a lot of weight
    3 burden.
    el peso de la culpabilidad the burden of guilt
    quitarse un peso de encima to take a weight off one's mind
    4 scales (balanza).
    5 shot (sport).
    6 peso (moneda).
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: pesar.
    * * *
    1 (gen) weight
    2 (balanza) scales plural
    3 (carga) load, burden
    \
    de peso (pesado) heavy 2 (importante) important 3 (influyente) influential 4 (convincente) strong, powerful
    caerse por su propio peso to be self-evident, be obvious
    hacer el peso familiar to convince
    ganar peso to put on weight, gain weight
    perder peso to lose weight
    quitar un peso de encima de alguien to take a weight off somebody's mind
    peso bruto gross weight
    peso gallo bantamweight
    peso ligero lightweight
    peso neto net weight
    peso pesado heavyweight
    peso pluma featherweight
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Fís, Téc) weight

    ¿cuál es tu peso? — how much do you weigh?

    un vehículo de mucho/poco peso — a heavy/light vehicle

    • las telas se venden al peso — the fabrics are sold by weight

    • coger peso — Esp (=engordar) to put on weight; (=levantar peso) to lift weight

    • no dar el peso — [al pesarse] [boxeador] not to make the weight; [recién nacido] to be below normal weight, be underweight; [en una categoría] not to make the grade, not come up to scratch

    • sostener algo en peso — to support the full weight of sth

    • falto de peso — underweight

    • ganar peso — to put on weight

    • perder peso — to lose weight

    - valer su peso en oro

    peso específico — (lit) specific gravity; (fig) influence

    peso molecular — (Quím) molecular weight

    peso muerto — (Náut) (tb fig) dead weight

    2) (=acción)
    3) [de culpa, responsabilidad] weight

    • quitarse un peso de encima — to take a load o weight off one's mind

    me quitarías un buen peso de encima — it would be a weight off my mind, you would take a weight off my mind

    4) (=importancia) weight

    • de peso — [persona] influential; [argumento] weighty, forceful

    razones de peso — good o sound reasons

    5) (=balanza) scales pl
    6) (Med) heaviness
    7) (Dep)
    a) Esp (Atletismo) shot
    b) (Halterofilia)
    c) [Boxeo] weight

    peso completo — CAm, Méx, Ven heavyweight

    peso ligero, peso liviano — Chile, Ven lightweight

    peso medio fuerte — light heavyweight, cruiserweight

    8) (Econ) peso
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Fís, Tec) weight

    perder/ganar peso — to lose weight/gain o put on weight

    tomarle el peso a algo — to weigh something up

    b)
    2)
    a) ( carga) weight, burden

    quitarle un peso de encima a alguien — to take a load o a weight off somebody's mind

    me he quitado un buen peso de encima — that's a real load o weight off my mind

    b) ( influencia) weight

    las asociaciones de mayor peso — the most important associations, the associations which carry the most weight

    c)

    de peso — < argumento> strong, weighty; < razón> forceful

    3) (Dep)
    a) (Esp) ( en atletismo) shot

    lanzamiento de peso — shot-put, shot-putting

    b) (Esp) ( en halterofilia) weight
    c) ( en boxeo) weight
    4) ( báscula) scales (pl); ( de balanza) (Chi) weight

    no tiene un peso — he doesn't have a cent o penny

    * * *
    1)
    a) (Fís, Tec) weight

    perder/ganar peso — to lose weight/gain o put on weight

    tomarle el peso a algo — to weigh something up

    b)
    2)
    a) ( carga) weight, burden

    quitarle un peso de encima a alguien — to take a load o a weight off somebody's mind

    me he quitado un buen peso de encima — that's a real load o weight off my mind

    b) ( influencia) weight

    las asociaciones de mayor peso — the most important associations, the associations which carry the most weight

    c)

    de peso — < argumento> strong, weighty; < razón> forceful

    3) (Dep)
    a) (Esp) ( en atletismo) shot

    lanzamiento de peso — shot-put, shot-putting

    b) (Esp) ( en halterofilia) weight
    c) ( en boxeo) weight
    4) ( báscula) scales (pl); ( de balanza) (Chi) weight

    no tiene un peso — he doesn't have a cent o penny

    * * *
    peso1
    1 = balance, weighing scales, scales.

    Ex: Officials are hopeful that all delivery men in the city will be equipped with balances within a month.

    Ex: Weighing scales are also sometimes used to measure force rather than mass.
    Ex: It indicates the changes and limitations which fill the other pan of the scales and which are frequently only discovered by bitter experience.
    * peso de baño = bathroom scales.

    peso2
    2 = burden, load, weight, toll, term weight, body weight.

    Ex: In information retrieval applications it was more usual for one organisation to carry most of the burden of development of the system, and then to market it to others.

    Ex: By designing the floors to carry a superimposed live load of 6.5 kN/m2, it is easy to move bookshelves, reader places and other library functions to any part of the building.
    Ex: The vocabulary used in conjunction with PRECIS is split in two sections, one part for Entities (or things) and the other for Attributes (properties of things, for example colour, weight; activities of things, for example flow, and properties of activities, for example, slow, turbulent).
    Ex: Quite apart from the great toll of unasked questions, any hint of mutual antipathy between enquirer and librarian is fatal to the reference interview.
    Ex: Applications of these methods facilitate more effective assignment of term weights to index terms within documents and may assist searchers in the selection of search terms.
    Ex: The effect of Christmas time on body weight development was investigated in 46 obese patients.
    * aliviar a Alguien del peso de = relieve + Nombre + of the burden of.
    * aliviar de un peso a = relieve + the burden (on/from).
    * aumento de peso = weight gain.
    * castigar con todo el peso de la ley = punish + to the full extent of the law.
    * coger peso = put on + weight, gain + weight.
    * con todo el peso de la ley = to the full extent of the law.
    * control del peso = weight control.
    * de peso = weighty, of consequence, meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].
    * de poco peso = pat, feeble.
    * exceso de peso = overweight.
    * falta de peso = underweight.
    * ganar peso = put on + weight, gain + weight.
    * gran peso = heavy weight.
    * hundirse bajo el peso de = collapse under + the weight of.
    * hundirse por el peso = bog down.
    * hundirse por su propio peso = sink under + its own weight.
    * ley de pesos y medidas = weights and measures act.
    * ligero de peso = lightweight [light-weight].
    * llevar el peso = undertake + burden.
    * perder peso = lose + weight.
    * pérdida de peso = weight loss.
    * peso al nacer = birthweight.
    * peso atómico = atomic weight.
    * peso de la prueba, el = burden of proof, the.
    * peso de la responsabilidad, el = burden of responsibility, the.
    * peso de nacimiento = birthweight.
    * peso específico = weight, specific gravity.
    * peso molecular = molecular weight.
    * peso muerto = dead weight.
    * peso pesado = heavy weight [heavyweight], big wheel, big shot, big noise, big wig, fat cat.
    * por debajo del peso normal = underweight.
    * problema de peso = weight problem.
    * quitarse un (buen) peso de encima = get + a (real) weight off + Posesivo + chest.
    * quitarse un peso de encima = take + a weight off + Posesivo + mind, take + a load off + Posesivo + mind.
    * quitar un peso de encima = remove + burden from shoulders.
    * quitar un peso de encima a Alguien = lift + a weight off + Posesivo + shoulders.
    * se cae de su peso que = it goes without saying that.
    * soportar el peso de Algo = carry + the burden.
    * soportar un peso = take + load.
    * tener que cargar con el peso de = be burdened with.
    * tener que cargar con el peso de la tradición = be burdened with + tradition.
    * todo el peso de la ley = full force of the law, the.
    * vector de peso específico = weighted vector.

    * * *
    1 ( Fís, Tec) weight
    sistema de pesos y medidas system of weights and measures
    a ti no te conviene levantar esos pesos you shouldn't lift (heavy) weights like that
    perder/ganar peso to lose/gain o put on weight
    vive preocupada por el peso she worries about her weight all the time
    tomarle el peso a algo to weigh sth up
    valer su peso en oro to be worth one's weight in gold
    caer v pron A 2. (↑ caer)
    2
    al peso ‹venta/compra› by weight;
    ‹vender/comprar› by weight
    Compuestos:
    atomic weight
    gross weight
    ( Fís, Quím) specific gravity
    su peso específico en la empresa es bien sabido por todos everyone knows he carries a lot of weight in the company
    molecular weight
    deadweight
    net weight
    B
    1 (carga, pesadumbre) weight, burden
    está abrumado por el peso de tanta responsabilidad he's overwhelmed by the burden of so much responsibility
    lleva el peso de la empresa he carries the burden of responsibility for the company
    el peso de la prueba recae sobre el fiscal the onus of proof lies with the prosecution
    quitarle un peso de encima a algn to take a load o a weight off sb's mind
    me he quitado un buen peso de encima that's a real load o weight off my mind
    2 (importancia, influencia) weight
    las asociaciones de mayor peso the most important associations, the associations which carry the most weight
    su papel tiene poco peso her role is fairly minor
    la agricultura es una actividad que tiene poco peso en la economía agriculture does not play a very important role in the economy
    la Iglesia ejerce un peso moral muy fuerte en nuestra sociedad the Church exercises a very strong moral influence in our society
    todo el peso de la ley the full weight of the law
    3
    de peso ‹argumento› strong, weighty;
    ‹razón› forceful
    tiene amistades de peso en la dirección she has influential friends on the board
    C ( Dep)
    lanzamiento de peso shot-put, shot-putting
    levantamiento de pesos weightlifting
    3 (en boxeo) weight
    Compuestos:
    bantamweight
    ● peso ligero or liviano
    lightweight
    ● peso medio or mediano
    middleweight
    flyweight
    ( Dep) heavyweight
    un peso pesado de la literatura/política a literary/political heavyweight
    featherweight
    welterweight
    D
    1 (báscula) scales (pl)
    2 ( Chi) (de una balanza) weight
    nunca tiene un peso he never has a cent o penny
    * * *

     

    Del verbo pesar: ( conjugate pesar)

    peso es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    pesó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    pesar    
    peso
    pesar 1 sustantivo masculino
    1
    a) (pena, tristeza) sorrow;

    a peso mío or muy a mi peso much to my regret

    2

    a peso de todo in spite of o despite everything;
    a pesar de que even though
    pesar 2 ( conjugate pesar) verbo intransitivo
    1 [paquete/maleta] to be heavy;

    no me pesa it's not heavy
    2 ( causar arrepentimiento) (+ me/te/le etc):

    me pesa haberlo ofendido I'm very sorry I offended him
    3

    pese a que even though;
    mal que me/le pese whether I like/he likes it or not
    verbo transitivo
    a) ‹niño/maleta› to weigh;

    ‹ manzanas› to weigh (out)


    pesarse verbo pronominal ( refl) to weigh oneself
    peso sustantivo masculino
    1
    a) (Fís, Tec) weight;

    ◊ ganar/perder peso to gain o put on/lose weight;

    peso bruto/neto gross/net weight
    b)


    2
    a) (carga, responsabilidad) weight, burden;

    ◊ quitarle un peso de encima a algn to take a load o a weight off sb's mind



    c)



    ‹ razón› forceful
    3 (Dep)
    a) (Esp) ( en atletismo) shot;


    b) (Esp) ( en halterofilia) weight;



    ◊ peso ligero/mosca/pesado/pluma lightweight/flyweight/heavyweight/featherweight

    4 ( báscula) scales (pl)
    5 (Fin) peso ( unit of currency in many Latin American countries);
    ◊ no tiene un peso he doesn't have a cent o penny

    pesar
    I verbo intransitivo
    1 (tener peso físico) to weigh: esa carne pesa dos kilos, that meat weighs two kilos
    2 (tener peso psíquico) to have influence: sus opiniones aún pesan en el grupo, his opinions still carry weight in the group
    3 (causar arrepentimiento, dolor) to grieve: me pesa no haber ido con vosotros, I regret not having gone with you
    II vtr (determinar un peso) to weigh
    III sustantivo masculino
    1 (pena, pesadumbre) sorrow, grief
    2 (remordimiento) regret
    ♦ Locuciones: a pesar de, in spite of
    a pesar de que, although ➣ Ver nota en aunque
    peso sustantivo masculino
    1 weight
    ganar/perder peso, to put on/lose weight
    Quím Fís peso específico, specific gravity
    2 (carga, preocupación) weight, burden
    3 (influencia) importance
    4 (utensilio) scales
    ♦ Locuciones: quitarse un peso de encima, to take a load off one's mind
    de peso, (una persona) influential, (un argumento) convincing
    ' peso' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    adelgazar
    - aligerar
    - bruta
    - bruto
    - carga
    - cargar
    - exceso
    - kilo
    - lanzamiento
    - levedad
    - ligera
    - ligero
    - mantener
    - medida
    - neta
    - neto
    - onza
    - pesar
    - ponderar
    - según
    - sopesar
    - soportar
    - sostener
    - sustentar
    - tara
    - vencerse
    - aguantar
    - arroba
    - aumentar
    - aumento
    - cargado
    - controlar
    - convertir
    - distribuir
    - equilibrar
    - estacionar
    - exceder
    - gordura
    - igual
    - justo
    - lanzador
    - levantar
    - mínimo
    - moneda
    - perder
    - propina
    - rebajar
    - unidad
    English:
    avoid
    - back
    - bear
    - compelling
    - dead weight
    - feather weight
    - flyweight
    - gain
    - heaviness
    - heavyweight
    - hold
    - lb
    - lift
    - lighten
    - lightweight
    - load
    - middleweight
    - outweigh
    - overweight
    - pound
    - quibble
    - shed
    - shot
    - stand
    - sustain
    - weight
    - weight-watching
    - welterweight
    - clout
    - dead
    - excess
    - hundred
    - lose
    - over
    - peso
    - put
    - slim
    - stone
    - strain
    - strong
    - support
    - under
    - weighty
    * * *
    peso nm
    1. [en general] weight;
    tiene un kilo de peso it weighs a kilo;
    ganar/perder peso to gain/lose weight;
    vender algo al peso to sell sth by weight;
    de peso [razones] weighty, sound;
    [persona] influential;
    caer por su propio peso to be self-evident;
    pagar algo a peso de oro to pay a fortune for sth;
    valer su peso en oro to be worth its/his/ etc weight in gold
    peso atómico atomic weight;
    peso bruto gross weight;
    Fís peso específico relative density, specific gravity; Fig
    tiene mucho peso específico he carries a lot of weight;
    Quím peso molar molar weight;
    peso molecular molecular weight;
    peso muerto dead weight;
    peso neto net weight
    2. [sensación] heavy feeling;
    siento peso en las piernas my legs feel heavy
    3. [fuerza, influencia] weight;
    su palabra tiene mucho peso his word carries a lot of weight;
    el peso de sus argumentos está fuera de duda there is no disputing the force of her arguments;
    el vicepresidente ejerce mucho peso en la organización the vice president carries a lot of weight in the organization
    4. [carga, preocupación] burden;
    el peso de la culpabilidad the burden of guilt;
    quitarse un peso de encima to take a weight off one's mind
    5. [balanza] scales
    6. [moneda] peso
    7. Dep shot;
    8. [en boxeo] weight
    peso gallo bantamweight;
    peso ligero lightweight;
    peso medio middleweight;
    peso mosca flyweight;
    también Fig peso pesado heavyweight;
    peso pluma featherweight;
    peso semiligero light middleweight;
    peso semipesado light heavyweight;
    peso welter welterweight
    9. Am Fam [dinero]
    en ese trabajo no gana un peso she earns next to nothing in that job;
    no tengo un peso I'm broke;
    ¿cuánto te costó? – no mucho, dos pesos how much did it cost you? – not much o next to nothing
    * * *
    m
    1 weight;
    ganar peso put on o gain weight;
    perder peso lose weight; fig become less important;
    de peso fig weighty;
    por su propio peso it goes without saying;
    se me quitó un peso de encima it took a real load off my mind
    2 FIN peso
    * * *
    peso nm
    1) : weight, heaviness
    2) : burden, responsibility
    3) : weight (in sports)
    4) báscula: scales pl
    5) : peso
    * * *
    peso n
    1. (en general) weight
    tiene cinco kilos de peso it is five kilos in weight / it weighs five kilos
    2. (deporte) shot

    Spanish-English dictionary > peso

  • 43 stand

    [stænd] 1. гл.; прош. вр., прич. прош. вр. stood
    1)

    He is too weak to stand. — Он еле держится на ногах от слабости.

    б) = stand up вставать

    We stood up to see better. — Мы встали, чтобы лучше видеть.

    Stand up when the judge enters the court. — Встаньте, когда судья войдёт в зал.

    2) водружать, помещать, ставить
    3)
    а) быть расположенным, находиться; занимать место
    4)

    He stands first in his class. — Он занимает первое место в классе.

    - stand high
    б) быть определённого роста; достигать определённой высоты

    He stands six feet three. — Его рост 6 футов 3 дюйма.

    5) держаться; быть устойчивым, прочным, крепким; устоять

    The house still stands. — Дом всё ещё держится.

    These boots have stood a good deal of wear. — Эти сапоги хорошо послужили.

    This colour will stand. — Эта краска не слиняет.

    Not a stone was left standing. — Камня на камне не осталось.

    6)
    а) = stand up to выдерживать, выносить, терпеть

    I can't stand him. — Я его не выношу.

    I don't know how you stand up to the severe winters in your part of the world. — Удивляюсь, как вы у себя переносите такие суровые зимы!

    б) подвергаться (чему-л.)
    7)
    а) иметь определённую точку зрения; занимать определённую позицию

    Here I stand. — Вот моя позиция.

    б) ( stand for) поддерживать, стоять за (что-л.)

    This decision goes against everything I stand for. — Это решение противоречит всем моим убеждениям.

    8) обычно юр.; = to stand good оставаться в силе, быть действительным

    That translation may stand. — Этот перевод может остаться без изменений.

    9) охот. делать стойку, вставать в стойку ( о собаке)
    10) разг. угощать, платить за угощение

    to stand smb. a good dinner — угостить кого-л. вкусным обедом

    11) ( stand against) = stand up to
    а) противиться, сопротивляться

    I stand against all forms of cruelty, especially to children. — Я против любых форм насилия, особенно по отношению к детям.

    He was a ruthless tyrant who always got his own way because no one was brave enough to stand up to him. — Он был безжалостным деспотом и делал всё, что хотел, потому что никто не осмеливался противостоять ему.

    б) вырисовываться, виднеться
    12) ( stand at) достигать (какой-л. отметки); оставаться (на каком-л. уровне)

    The flood level stood at three feet above usual for several weeks. — В течение нескольких недель уровень воды держался на три фута выше обычного.

    13) ( stand between) становиться между (кем-л. / чем-л.), вмешиваться, пытаться помешать

    He will let no opposition stand between himself and his future. — Он не позволит, чтобы кто-нибудь мешал ему в осуществлении планов на будущее.

    14) (stand behind / by)
    а) поддерживать (кого-л.)

    to stand by one's friend — поддерживать друга (в трудную минуту), быть верным товарищем

    The whole family stood behind him in his struggle. — Вся семья поддерживала его в борьбе.

    б) быть руководящим принципом (чьей-л. деятельности)

    A sense of the importance of national unity stands behind the party's thinking. — Руководящим принципом в деятельности партии является осознание важности народного единства.

    15) ( stand by) держаться, придерживаться (чего-л.), выполнять (обязательства и т. п.)
    16) ( stand for)
    а) означать, обозначать, значить

    What does EU stand for? — Что означает (сокращение) "ЕС"? / Как расшифровывается (сокращение) "ЕС"?

    Syn:
    б) быть кандидатом; баллотироваться (куда-л.)
    в) мор. идти, держать курс на (что-л.)
    17) ( stand with) = stand in with быть в каких-л. отношениях с (кем-л.)

    to stand well with smb. — быть в хороших отношениях с кем-л.; быть на хорошем счету у кого-л.

    Of course you should stand in with the chairman. — Безусловно, вы должны поддерживать хорошие отношения с председателем.

    18) ( stand over) стоять и наблюдать за (чьей-л.) работой

    Mother, please don't stand over me while I'm cooking, you make me nervous. — Мама, прошу тебя, не стой над душой, когда я готовлю. Я от этого начинаю нервничать.

    а) = stand out / up for отстаивать ( права)

    I stand on my rights in this matter, and will take the matter to court if necessary. — Я настаиваю на соблюдении своих прав в данном вопросе и в случае необходимости готов обратиться в суд.

    He stood out for better terms. — Он настаивал на улучшении условий.

    б) настаивать на (чём-л.)

    Do you still stand on your original story? — Вы продолжаете настаивать на истинности того, что вы рассказали?

    •
    - stand away
    - stand back
    - stand by
    - stand down
    - stand in
    - stand off
    - stand on
    - stand out
    - stand over
    - stand to
    - stand together
    - stand up
    ••

    stand and deliver! — руки вверх!; "кошелёк или жизнь"!

    it stands to reason that — само собой разумеется, что

    to stand on one's own (two) feet — быть независимым, твёрдо стоять на ногах

    I don't know where I stand. — Не знаю, что со мной дальше будет. / Не знаю, что меня ждёт.

    - stand Sam
    - stand on end 2. сущ.
    1) подставка; этажерка; консоль, подпора, стойка

    He adjusted the microphone stand. — Он отрегулировал штатив микрофона.

    Now you should try jumps from stand. — Теперь тебе нужно попробовать прыгать с тумбы.

    Syn:
    shore II 2.
    2) ларёк, киоск, палатка; стенд

    fruit stand — фруктовый ларёк, фруктовая палатка

    hot-dog stand — палатка, где продаются хот-доги

    vegetable stand — овощной киоск, зеленная лавка

    Syn:
    3)

    Thirteen people died and 400 were injured on May 5 when a temporary spectators' stand collapsed shortly before the start of a football match between Bastia and Olympique Marseille at the Furiani stadium in Bastia, Corsica. — Тринадцать человек погибли и четыреста получили ранения, когда пятого мая прямо перед началом футбольного матча между "Бастией" и "Олимпиком" из Марселя на стадионе "Фуриани" в г. Бастия на Корсике обрушилась временная трибуна для зрителей.

    б) ( stands) места на трибуне

    Out of action for a month with knee trouble, he watched from the stands. — Он на месяц выбыл из строя из-за проблем с коленом и смотрел за игрой с трибуны.

    4)
    а) трибуна; кафедра, возвышение, с которого произносят речи
    Syn:
    б) амер.; юр. место свидетеля в суде
    5) место, местоположение

    to take one's stand — занять место, расположиться (где-л.)

    He saw everything from his comfortable stand. — Он всё видел со своего удобного места.

    Syn:
    6) взгляд, позиция, точка зрения

    He took a stand of the leading party. — Он встал на позицию лидирующей партии.

    7)
    а) остановка (автобусная, троллейбусная и т. п.)
    б) стоянка (такси и т. п.)
    8) воен. пост
    9)
    а) остановка, перерыв, интервал

    He made a sudden stand. — Он внезапно остановился

    •
    Syn:
    pause 1., halt I 1.

    firm / resolute / strong stand — решительное сопротивление

    They took a resolute stand on the issue of tax reform. — Они оказали решительное сопротивление проведению налоговой реформы.

    Syn:
    11) с.-х.
    б) лесопосадка, лесонасаждение
    12) театр. остановка в каком-л. месте для гастрольных представлений

    He'd been making stands at moving-picture houses all over the country. — Он останавливался, чтобы дать гастрольные представления в помещениях кинотеатров по всей стране.

    13) тех. станина
    14) воен. комплект

    Англо-русский современный словарь > stand

  • 44 φιλέω

    φῐλέω, [dialect] Aeol. [full] φίλημμι Sapph.79, cf. Ead. Oxy. 1787 Fr.1 + 2.24; [ per.] 2sg. φίλησθα Ead.22; late [ per.] 3pl.
    A

    φίλεισι Epigr.Gr.990.12

     (Balbill.): [dialect] Boeot. [full] φίλειμι Hdn.Gr.2.930: [dialect] Ep. inf.

    φιλήμεναι Il.22.265

    : [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.

    φιλέεσκε 3.388

    , al.: [tense] fut. φιλήσω, [dialect] Ep. inf.

    φιλησέμεν Od.4.171

    : [tense] aor. 1

    ἐφίλησα Pi.P.2.16

    , etc.: [tense] pf. πεφίληκα ib. 1.13:—[voice] Med., Poet. 1 [tense] aor. ἐφῑλάμην; [ per.] 3sg. ἐφίλατο, φίλατο, Il.5.61, 20.304, Call.Aet.Oxy. 2080.55; [ per.] 3pl.

    φίλαντο Lyc.274

    ; imper.

    φῖλαι Il.5.117

    , 10.280; subj.

    φίλωνται h.Cer. 117

    , Hes.Th.97; but φίλατο as [voice] Pass., A.R.3.66; also part.

    φιλάμενος IG14.1549

     ([place name] Rome):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. [voice] Med. φιλήσομαι in pass. sense, Od.1.123, 15.281, Antipho 1.19: [tense] fut. 3

    πεφιλήσομαι Call. Del. 270

    : [tense] aor.

    ἐφιλήθην E.Hec. 1000

    , Pl.Phdr. 253c: [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.

    ἐφίληθεν Il.2.668

    : [tense] pf.

    πεφίλημαι Pi.N.4.45

    , X.An.1.9.28; [dialect] Dor. part.

    πεφιλᾱμένος Theoc. 3.3

    . [[pron. full] ῐ exceptin the forms ἐφίλατο, φῑλατο, etc.]: ([etym.] φίλος):— love, regard with affection, opp. μισεῖν, Pl.R. 334c, Arist.Rh. 1380b34;

    φιλήσω τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων IG12.15.36

    ; (on its relation to sexual love v. infr. 3); of the love of gods for men,

    φ. δέ ἑ μητίετα Ζεύς Il. 2.197

    ; πέρι γάρ μ' ἐφίλει (of the love of the master for his swineherd) Od.14.146; (also

    ὃν περὶ κῆρι φ. Ζεὺς.. παντοίην φιλότητα Od.15.245

    , cf. Il.9.117);

    μάλα τούς γε φ. ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων Il.16.94

    ;

    εἰ.. Ἕκτορά περ φιλέεις καὶ κήδεαι αὐτοῦ 7.204

    , etc.; of love for a child reared, Od. 15.370;

    αἰ δὲ μὴ φίλει, ταχέως φιλήσει κωὐκὶ θέλοισα Sapph.1.23

    ;

    λόγοις φιλοῦσαν οὐ στέργω φίλην S.Ant. 543

    ;

    φιλέων φιλέοντα Pi.P.10.66

    ;

    ὃν δ' ἐχρῆν φιλεῖν στυγεῖς A.Ch. 907

    ;

    μάλιστά σ'.. ἤχθηρα κἀφίλησ' ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ S.El. 1363

    ;

    ὃν οἱ θεοὶ φιλοῦσιν ἀποθνῄσκει νέος Men.125

    ; ὅσα θεοὶ ἀνθρώποις οὓς φιλοῦσιν [διδόασιν] SIG 985.48 (Philadelphia, i B. C.); οἱ φιλοῦντές τινα his friends, freq. in messages and letters, OGI184.10 (Philae, i B. C.), Ep.Tit.3.15, PSI8.971.30 (iii/iv A. D.), etc.; φιλεῖν ἐμαυτήν, αὑτόν, E.Hel. 999, Med.86, etc.:—[voice] Pass., to be beloved by one,

    ἐκ Διός Il.2.668

    ;

    παρ' αὐτῇ 13.627

    , etc.; τινι E.Hec. 1000.
    2 treat affectionately or kindly, esp. welcome, entertain a guest, Od.4.29, 5.135, Il.3.207, etc.;

    φίλος δ' ἦν ἀνθρώποισιν, πάντας γὰρ φιλέεσκεν ὁδῷ ἔπι οἰκία ναίων Il.6.15

    ;

    ξεῖνον ἐνὶ μεγάροισι φ. Od.8.42

    ;

    ξεῖνον ἄγων ἐν δώμασι.. φιλέειν καὶ τιέμεν 15.543

    , cf. 14.322; θεὸς (i. e. Calypso)

    ἥ με.. ἐφίλει τε καὶ ἔτρεφεν 7.256

    ; τίς ἂν φιλέοντι μάχοιτο; who would quarrel with a kind host? 8.208; etc.:—[voice] Pass., παρ' ἄμμι φιλήσεαι welcome shalt thou be in our house, Od.1.123, cf. 15.281.
    3 opp. ἐρᾶν, τούτους μάλιστά φασι φιλεῖν ὧν ἂν ἐρῶσι regard with affection those for whom they have a passion, Pl.Phdr. 231c;

    ὥστε οὐ μόνον φιλοῖο ἄν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐρῷο ὑπ' ἀνθρώπων X.Hier.11.11

    , cf. Smp.8.21; εἰκὸς τὸ φιλεῖν τοὺς ἐρωμένους Arist.APr. 70a6; but φ. is used of lovers,

    ἥ γ' Εὐρυμάχῳ μισγέσκετο καὶ φιλέεσκεν Od.18.325

    ;

    Λυσίθεος Μικίωνα φιλῖν φησι μάλισστα τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει IG12.924

    ;

    οὐκ ἔστ' ἐραστὴς ὅστις οὐκ ἀεὶ φιλεῖ E.Tr. 1051

    , cf. Hdt.4.176 ([voice] Pass.), Ar.Lys. 905; of the love of man for wife, ὅς τις ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς.. τὴν αὐτοῦ φιλέει ( cherishes her)

    καὶ κήδεται ὡς καὶ ἐγὼ τὴν ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον Il.9.343

    , cf. 486; τὴν αὐτὸς φιλέεσκεν loved and cherished as his wife, ib. 450; but ἐμὲ.. ἀτιμάζει, φιλέει δ' ἀΐδηλον Ἄρηα (Hephaestus speaks of Aphrodite) Od.8.309: Com.,

    ὦ Δῆμ', ἐραστής εἰμι σὸς φιλῶ τέ σε καὶ κήδομαί σου Ar.Eq. 1341

    .
    b of sexual intercourse, Hsch. s.v. βαίνειν.
    4 show outward signs of love, esp. kiss (not in Hom.), φ. τοῖσι στόμασι kiss on the mouth, opp. τὰς παρειὰς φιλέονται, Hdt. 1.134, cf. X.Cyr.1.4.27, Smp.9.5;

    κατὰ τὸ στόμα AP5.284

     (Agath.);

    φιλήσω.. τὸ σὸν κάρα S.OC 1131

    ;

    πατέρα.. περὶ χεῖρε βαλοῦσα φιλήσει A.Ag. 1559

     (anap.), cf. Ar.Av. 671, 674, Pl.Phdr. 255e, Ev.Marc.14.44, etc.: c. dupl. acc., τὸ φίλαμα, τὸ.. τὸν Ἄδωνιν.. ἀποθνάσκοντα φίλασεν the kiss wherewith she kissed him, Mosch.3.69:—[voice] Med., τὰς παρειάς kiss each other's cheeks, Hdt.l.c.
    5 of things as objects of love, like, approve,

    σχέτλια ἔργα Od.14.83

    ;

    ἀοιδάν Pi.N.3.7

    ;

    οὔθ' ἱστῶν ἐφίλησεν ὁδοὺς οὔτε δείπνων.. τέρψιας P.9.18

    , etc.;

    αἰσχροκέρδειαν S.Ant. 1056

    , cf. 312; τὰς λευκοτάτας [μάζας] Telecl. 1.6 (anap.);

    Πράμνιον οἶνον Ephipp.28

    .
    6 of things as the subject,

    ἡσυχία δὲ φιλεῖ συμπόσιον Pi.N.9.48

    ;

    ἢ [μίτρη] μαστοὺς ἐφίλησε Call.Epigr.39

    .
    7 in making a request,

    οἶσθ' ὁτιὴ φιλῶ σ' ἐγώ, κἀμοὶ πιθόμενος ὑπαποκίνει τῆς ὁδοῦ Ar.Av. 1010

    ; so τί πράσσει Φηλικίων ὁ ἀγαθός; φιλῶ σε pray, how goes it with the worthy Felicio? Arr.Epict.1.19.20; so perh. in Herod.1.66, πείσθητί μευ, φιλέω σε (but rather 'I speak as a true friend').
    II after Hom., c. inf., love to do, be fond of doing, and so to be wont or used to do,

    φιλέει ὁ θεὸς τὰ ὑπερέχοντα κολούειν Hdt.7.10

    .

    έ; ἢν ἁμάρτωσι τοῦ πατρικοῦ τύπου.. φιλέουσι διαφθείρεσθαι Democr.228

    ;

    Μοῖσα μεμνᾶσθαι φ. Pi. N.1.12

    , cf. P.3.18;

    φιλεῖ δὲ τίκτειν ὕβρις.. ὕβριν A.Ag. 763

     (lyr.);

    τοῖς θανοῦσί τοι φιλοῦσι πάντες κειμένοις ἐπεγγελᾶν S.Aj. 989

    , etc.; rarely with part. for inf.,

    φιλεῖς δὲ δρῶσ' αὐτὸ σφόδρα Ar.Pl. 645

    .
    2 of things, events, etc.,

    αὔρη ἀπὸ ψυχροῦ τινος φιλέει πνέειν Hdt.2.27

    ;

    φιλεῖ ὠδῖνα τίκτειν νύξ A.Supp. 769

    ;

    ἐμπόρων ἔπη φ. πλανᾶσθαι S.OC 304

    ;

    φιλεῖ γάρ πως τὰ τοιαῦθ' ἑτέρᾳ τρέπεσθαι Ar.Nu. 813

     (lyr.);

    φιλεῖ μεγάλα στρατόπεδα ἐκπλήγνυσθαι Th.4.125

    ;

    ὃ δὴ φ. ὁ ἔρως ἐμποιεῖν Pl.Smp. 182c

    : esp. with γίγνεσθαι of what usually happens, ἀπὸ πείρης πάντα ἀνθρώποισι φιλέει γίνεσθαι everything comes to man by experience, Hdt.7.9.γ, cf. 7.10.ζ, 7.50, Th.3.42, Isoc.6.104, Pl. R. 494c, al.;

    οἷα φ. γίγνεσθαι Th.7.79

    , cf. Hdt.8.128; without γίγνεσθαι, οἷα δὴ φιλεῖ as is wont, Pl.R. 467b;

    ὁποῖα φ. Luc.Am.9

    .
    3 impers., φιλέει δέ κως προσημαίνειν (sc. ὁ θεός) , εὖτ' ἂν .. Hdt.6.27; ὡς δὴ φιλεῖ.. λόγον ἔχειν ἀνθρώπους as it is usual for.., Plu.Pomp. 73.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > φιλέω

  • 45 Watson, George Lennox

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 1851 Glasgow, Scotland
    d. 12 November 1904 Glasgow, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish designer of some of the world's largest sailing and powered yachts, principal technical adviser to the Royal National Lifeboat Institution.
    [br]
    Almost all of Watson's life was spent in or around the City of Glasgow; his formal education was at the city's High School and at the age of 16 he entered the yard and drawing offices of Robert Napier's Govan Shipyard. Three years later he crossed the River Clyde and started work in the design office of the Pointhouse Shipyard of A. \& J.Inglis, and there received the necessary grounding of a naval architect. Dr John Inglis, the Principal of the firm, encouraged Watson, ensured that he was involved in advanced design work and allowed him to build a yacht in a corner of the shipyard in his spare time.
    At the early age of 22 Watson set up as a naval architect with his own company, which is still in existence 120 years later. In 1875, assisted by two carpenters, Watson built the 5-ton yacht Vril to his own design. This vessel was the first with an integral heavy lead keel and its success ensured that design contracts flowed to him for new yachts for the Clyde and elsewhere. His enthusiasm and increasing skill were recognized and soon he was working on the ultimate: the America's Cup challengers Thistle, Valkyrie II, Valkyrie III and Shamrock II. The greatest accolade was the contract for the design of the J Class yacht Britannia, built by D. \& W.Henderson of Glasgow in 1893 for the Prince of Wales.
    The company of G.L.Watson became the world's leading designer of steam yachts, and it was usual for it to offer a full design service as well as supervise construction in any part of the world. Watson took a deep interest in the work of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution and was its technical consultant for many years. One of his designs, the Watson Lifeboat, was a stalwart in its fleet for many years. In public life he lectured, took an active part in the debates on yacht racing and was recognized as Britain's leading designer.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1881, Progress in Yachting and Yacht-Building, Glasgow Naval and Marine Engineering Catalogue, London and Glasgow: Collins.
    1894, The Evolution of the Modern Racing Yacht, Badminton Library of Sports and Pastimes, Vol. 1, London: Longmans Green, pp. 54–109.
    Further Reading
    John Irving, 1937, The King's Britannia. The Story of a Great Ship, London: Seeley Service.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Watson, George Lennox

  • 46 peso2

    2 = burden, load, weight, toll, term weight, body weight.
    Ex. In information retrieval applications it was more usual for one organisation to carry most of the burden of development of the system, and then to market it to others.
    Ex. By designing the floors to carry a superimposed live load of 6.5 kN/m2, it is easy to move bookshelves, reader places and other library functions to any part of the building.
    Ex. The vocabulary used in conjunction with PRECIS is split in two sections, one part for Entities (or things) and the other for Attributes (properties of things, for example colour, weight; activities of things, for example flow, and properties of activities, for example, slow, turbulent).
    Ex. Quite apart from the great toll of unasked questions, any hint of mutual antipathy between enquirer and librarian is fatal to the reference interview.
    Ex. Applications of these methods facilitate more effective assignment of term weights to index terms within documents and may assist searchers in the selection of search terms.
    Ex. The effect of Christmas time on body weight development was investigated in 46 obese patients.
    ----
    * aliviar a Alguien del peso de = relieve + Nombre + of the burden of.
    * aliviar de un peso a = relieve + the burden (on/from).
    * aumento de peso = weight gain.
    * castigar con todo el peso de la ley = punish + to the full extent of the law.
    * coger peso = put on + weight, gain + weight.
    * con todo el peso de la ley = to the full extent of the law.
    * control del peso = weight control.
    * de peso = weighty, of consequence, meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].
    * de poco peso = pat, feeble.
    * exceso de peso = overweight.
    * falta de peso = underweight.
    * ganar peso = put on + weight, gain + weight.
    * gran peso = heavy weight.
    * hundirse bajo el peso de = collapse under + the weight of.
    * hundirse por el peso = bog down.
    * hundirse por su propio peso = sink under + its own weight.
    * ley de pesos y medidas = weights and measures act.
    * ligero de peso = lightweight [light-weight].
    * llevar el peso = undertake + burden.
    * perder peso = lose + weight.
    * pérdida de peso = weight loss.
    * peso al nacer = birthweight.
    * peso atómico = atomic weight.
    * peso de la prueba, el = burden of proof, the.
    * peso de la responsabilidad, el = burden of responsibility, the.
    * peso de nacimiento = birthweight.
    * peso específico = weight, specific gravity.
    * peso molecular = molecular weight.
    * peso muerto = dead weight.
    * peso pesado = heavy weight [heavyweight], big wheel, big shot, big noise, big wig, fat cat.
    * por debajo del peso normal = underweight.
    * problema de peso = weight problem.
    * quitarse un (buen) peso de encima = get + a (real) weight off + Posesivo + chest.
    * quitarse un peso de encima = take + a weight off + Posesivo + mind, take + a load off + Posesivo + mind.
    * quitar un peso de encima = remove + burden from shoulders.
    * quitar un peso de encima a Alguien = lift + a weight off + Posesivo + shoulders.
    * se cae de su peso que = it goes without saying that.
    * soportar el peso de Algo = carry + the burden.
    * soportar un peso = take + load.
    * tener que cargar con el peso de = be burdened with.
    * tener que cargar con el peso de la tradición = be burdened with + tradition.
    * todo el peso de la ley = full force of the law, the.
    * vector de peso específico = weighted vector.

    Spanish-English dictionary > peso2

  • 47 víking

    f. freebooting voyage, piracy, (hann var í v. á sumrum ok fekk sér fjár); liggja í víkingu ok hernaði, to be engaged in freebooting expedition and warfare; fara í v., to go out on a freebooting expedition.
    * * *
    f. a freebooting voyage, piracy; see víkingr. In heathen days it was usual for young men of distinction, before settling down, to make a warlike expedition to foreign parts, this voyage was called ‘víking,’ and was part of a man’s education like the grand tour in modern times; hence the saying in the old Saga,—‘when I was young and on my voyage (víking), but now I am old and decrepit;’ so a son begs his father to give him a ‘langskip,’ that he may set out on a ‘víking,’ cp. the scene of the young Egil and his mother Bera, and the reference Fms. i. 69; see B. The custom was common among Teutonic tribes, and is mentioned by Caesar B.G. vi. ch. 23 (latrocinia nullam habent infamiam, quae extra fines cujusque civitatis fiunt, sqq.), only there it is a foray on land; (cp. the mod. American filibustering.)
    B. REFERENCES illustrating this word: Leifr fór í hernað í vestr-víking, Landn. 32; Ólafr inn hvíti herjaði í vestr-víking ok vann Dyflinni, 108; Geirmundr heljar-skinn var herkonungr, hann herjaði í vestr-víking, 121; hann kom út síð landnáma-tíðar, hann hafði verit í vestr-víking ok haft ór vestr-víking þræla Írska, 133; Ánn varð missáttr við Harald konung inn hárfagra, hann fór því ór landi í vestr-víking, 140; Ingimundr var víkingr mikill ok herjaði í vestr-víking jafnan, 174; Ævarr fór til Íslands ór víkingu, ok synir hans, 185; Björn var á sumrum í vestr-víking en á vetrum með Öndótti, Eyvindr fór þá í vestr-víking, 204; þá var Þorsteinn son Ásgríms í víkingu, en Þorgeirr annarr son hans var tíu vetra, 292; hann var í víking á sumrum ok fékk sér fjár, Hkr. i. 171; Hjörleifr konungr féll í víkingu, Fas. ii. 35; leggjask í víking ok hernað, Fms. xi. 73; fara í víking, Eg. 260; Grímr, þeir vóru í vestr-víking, ok drápu í Suðreyjum Ásbjörn jarl skerja-blesa, ok tóku þar at herfangi Ólöfu konu hans, Grímr fór til Íslands, Landn. 314; þá er ek var ungr ok í víkingu … en nú hálfu síðr at ek em gamall ok örvasi, Glúm. 337; ek vil senda yðr austr til Svíþjóðar á fund tins bezta vinar míns, er nú er kallaðr Hákon gamli, við vórum lengi báðir samt í víking, var með okkr inn kærasti félagskapr, ok áttum einn sjóð, Fms. i. 69; en er hann var á unga aldri, lá hann í víkingu ok hernaði, Eg. (begin.); Björn var farmaðr mikill, var stundum í víking en stundum í kaupferðum, 154; er mér þat nær skapi, sagði hann, at þú fáir mér langskip ok þar lið með, ok fara ek í víking (the words of a son to his father), 157: of an expedition in the East (in the Baltic), þeir fóru um sumarit í víking í Austrveg, fóru heim at hausti ok höfðu aflat fjár mikils … skip þat höfðu þeir fengit um sumarit í víking, Eg. 170, 171; Björn var nú í víkingu at afla sér fjár ok frægðar, Bjarn. 13: the word occurs also on Swed. Runic stones, sá varð dauðr í vestr-vegum í víkingu, Baut. 962: þá lögðusk sumir menn út í víking ok á herskip, ok mörg endemi tóku menn þá til önnur þau er nú mundi ódæmi þykkja ef menn henti slíkt, Bs. i. 62 (referring to Iceland of A. D. 1056–1180): one of the last instances on record is Sturl. i. 152,—hann hafði verit útan nokkura vctr ok verit í víkingu, referring to A. D. 1195: in the Orkneys, among the Norsemen, the viking-life lasted till the 13th century, if not longer.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > víking

  • 48 Bundles

    BUNDLES, PRESSED
    Are made up of a series of knots of 10 hanks each, which are hung on a bar or hook and twisted, then doubled ready for fixing in the press. The heads of each knot are placed at one end of the press to form the face of the bundle. The machine having been charged, and the pressure put on, the bundle is tied up and the pressure is released. (Cotton twine is best for tying purposes as it is not liable to mildew). After wrapping with paper, the bundles should be stamped with the counts. For further protection the bundles should be provided top and bottom with cardboard. In pressed bundles it is usual for the number of knots to correspond with the counts of yarn bundled, so that whatever the counts pressed, the weight of the bundle is the same. Thus, if a bundle contains 200 hanks of 20's, and there are 10-lb. in a bundle, the number of heads in the bundle represents the counts. In making up doubled yarn the number of heads mutiplied by the fold in doubling gives the counts. Thus, two-fold 20's would show ten heads, and three-fold 36's twelve heads, etc. On this principle a knot of folded yarn is the same length as a knot of single, but this rule is not always applied.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Bundles

  • 49 Pressed

    BUNDLES, PRESSED
    Are made up of a series of knots of 10 hanks each, which are hung on a bar or hook and twisted, then doubled ready for fixing in the press. The heads of each knot are placed at one end of the press to form the face of the bundle. The machine having been charged, and the pressure put on, the bundle is tied up and the pressure is released. (Cotton twine is best for tying purposes as it is not liable to mildew). After wrapping with paper, the bundles should be stamped with the counts. For further protection the bundles should be provided top and bottom with cardboard. In pressed bundles it is usual for the number of knots to correspond with the counts of yarn bundled, so that whatever the counts pressed, the weight of the bundle is the same. Thus, if a bundle contains 200 hanks of 20's, and there are 10-lb. in a bundle, the number of heads in the bundle represents the counts. In making up doubled yarn the number of heads mutiplied by the fold in doubling gives the counts. Thus, two-fold 20's would show ten heads, and three-fold 36's twelve heads, etc. On this principle a knot of folded yarn is the same length as a knot of single, but this rule is not always applied.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Pressed

  • 50 לימוד

    לִימּוּד, לִמּוּדm. (b. h. לָמַד) teaching, learning, study (interch. with תלמוד); training; habit. Kidd.40b ל׳ גדול שהל׳וכ׳ study is more (than practice), for study leads to practice; B. Kam.17a; Meg.27a (Ms. M. תלמוד). Hor.13a משכחים את הל׳ cause man to forget what he has learned; ib.b משיב ל׳וכ׳ brings back to recollection the study of seventy years. Ex. R. s. 43 לשין ל׳ (the root ירה in Hif.) means to teach. Ber.7b גדולה … יותר מלִמּוּדָהּ the ministrations (of the disciples to the doctors) of the Law are more valuable than the direct teaching of it. Tanḥ. Ki Thetsé 1 מבקש לִמּוּדוֹוכ׳ he seeks for the enjoyments to which he has been used and fails to find them; a. fr.Pl. לִימּוּדִים, לִימּוּדִין, לִמּ׳. Snh.65b; Yalk. Deut. 918 (expl. מעונן, v. עוּן) (who says) לִימּוּדֵי … חטין יפות it is usual for the wheat crops to be fine in the ante-Sabbatical years; Tosef.Sabb.VII (VIII), 14; Sifré Deut. 171 ל׳ … להיות יפות the ante-Sabbatical years are usually good (in crops); Sifra Kdosh. Par. 3, ch. VI לְמוּדוֹת … להיות יפות.

    Jewish literature > לימוד

  • 51 למוד

    לִימּוּד, לִמּוּדm. (b. h. לָמַד) teaching, learning, study (interch. with תלמוד); training; habit. Kidd.40b ל׳ גדול שהל׳וכ׳ study is more (than practice), for study leads to practice; B. Kam.17a; Meg.27a (Ms. M. תלמוד). Hor.13a משכחים את הל׳ cause man to forget what he has learned; ib.b משיב ל׳וכ׳ brings back to recollection the study of seventy years. Ex. R. s. 43 לשין ל׳ (the root ירה in Hif.) means to teach. Ber.7b גדולה … יותר מלִמּוּדָהּ the ministrations (of the disciples to the doctors) of the Law are more valuable than the direct teaching of it. Tanḥ. Ki Thetsé 1 מבקש לִמּוּדוֹוכ׳ he seeks for the enjoyments to which he has been used and fails to find them; a. fr.Pl. לִימּוּדִים, לִימּוּדִין, לִמּ׳. Snh.65b; Yalk. Deut. 918 (expl. מעונן, v. עוּן) (who says) לִימּוּדֵי … חטין יפות it is usual for the wheat crops to be fine in the ante-Sabbatical years; Tosef.Sabb.VII (VIII), 14; Sifré Deut. 171 ל׳ … להיות יפות the ante-Sabbatical years are usually good (in crops); Sifra Kdosh. Par. 3, ch. VI לְמוּדוֹת … להיות יפות.

    Jewish literature > למוד

  • 52 לִימּוּד

    לִימּוּד, לִמּוּדm. (b. h. לָמַד) teaching, learning, study (interch. with תלמוד); training; habit. Kidd.40b ל׳ גדול שהל׳וכ׳ study is more (than practice), for study leads to practice; B. Kam.17a; Meg.27a (Ms. M. תלמוד). Hor.13a משכחים את הל׳ cause man to forget what he has learned; ib.b משיב ל׳וכ׳ brings back to recollection the study of seventy years. Ex. R. s. 43 לשין ל׳ (the root ירה in Hif.) means to teach. Ber.7b גדולה … יותר מלִמּוּדָהּ the ministrations (of the disciples to the doctors) of the Law are more valuable than the direct teaching of it. Tanḥ. Ki Thetsé 1 מבקש לִמּוּדוֹוכ׳ he seeks for the enjoyments to which he has been used and fails to find them; a. fr.Pl. לִימּוּדִים, לִימּוּדִין, לִמּ׳. Snh.65b; Yalk. Deut. 918 (expl. מעונן, v. עוּן) (who says) לִימּוּדֵי … חטין יפות it is usual for the wheat crops to be fine in the ante-Sabbatical years; Tosef.Sabb.VII (VIII), 14; Sifré Deut. 171 ל׳ … להיות יפות the ante-Sabbatical years are usually good (in crops); Sifra Kdosh. Par. 3, ch. VI לְמוּדוֹת … להיות יפות.

    Jewish literature > לִימּוּד

  • 53 לִמּוּד

    לִימּוּד, לִמּוּדm. (b. h. לָמַד) teaching, learning, study (interch. with תלמוד); training; habit. Kidd.40b ל׳ גדול שהל׳וכ׳ study is more (than practice), for study leads to practice; B. Kam.17a; Meg.27a (Ms. M. תלמוד). Hor.13a משכחים את הל׳ cause man to forget what he has learned; ib.b משיב ל׳וכ׳ brings back to recollection the study of seventy years. Ex. R. s. 43 לשין ל׳ (the root ירה in Hif.) means to teach. Ber.7b גדולה … יותר מלִמּוּדָהּ the ministrations (of the disciples to the doctors) of the Law are more valuable than the direct teaching of it. Tanḥ. Ki Thetsé 1 מבקש לִמּוּדוֹוכ׳ he seeks for the enjoyments to which he has been used and fails to find them; a. fr.Pl. לִימּוּדִים, לִימּוּדִין, לִמּ׳. Snh.65b; Yalk. Deut. 918 (expl. מעונן, v. עוּן) (who says) לִימּוּדֵי … חטין יפות it is usual for the wheat crops to be fine in the ante-Sabbatical years; Tosef.Sabb.VII (VIII), 14; Sifré Deut. 171 ל׳ … להיות יפות the ante-Sabbatical years are usually good (in crops); Sifra Kdosh. Par. 3, ch. VI לְמוּדוֹת … להיות יפות.

    Jewish literature > לִמּוּד

  • 54 TO

    Tagesordnung f (abk TO) ( the day’s) agenda;
    (ganz oben) auf der Tagesordnung stehen be (high) on the agenda;
    zur Tagesordnung! keep ( oder stick) to the point!;
    zur Tagesordnung übergehen proceed to the order of the day form; umg (anfangen) get down to business, get started; (wie gewohnt weitermachen) get on with things again, get back to normal;
    wir gingen wieder zur Tagesordnung über umg it was back to business as usual (for us);
    an der Tagesordnung sein fig be nothing unusual;
    das ist hier an der Tagesordnung auch it ( oder that) happens all the time around here, that’s par for the course

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > TO

  • 55 spoil

    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] allow to spoil
    [Swahili Word] -tapanya
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [English Example] let the food get spoilt
    [Swahili Example] tapanya chakula
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] be spoiled
    [Swahili Word] -haribika
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Class] potential
    [Swahili Example] mambo yangeharibika kabla hajapata nafasi ya kuyatengeneza [Sul]
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] be spoiled
    [Swahili Word] -peketeka
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] be spoiled
    [Swahili Word] -via
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Related Words] -vilia, vilio, -viza, -vizia, mviziaji
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil
    [Swahili Word] -chafua
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Derived Language] Swahili
    [Derived Word] -chafu
    [English Example] if the voter spoils her ballot she can ask for another
    [Swahili Example] mpiga kura akichafua karatasi yake anaweza kuomba nyingine [Masomo, 101]
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil
    [Swahili Word] -enga
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil
    [Swahili Word] -fuya
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil
    [Swahili Word] -gurugusha
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil
    [Swahili Word] -haribu
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Derived Word] Arabic
    [Swahili Example] kuiharibu mipango yoyote iliyokusudiwa [Muk], aliogopa kuharibu mimba [Kez]
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil
    [Swahili Word] -ozesha
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Class] causative
    [Derived Language] Swahili
    [Derived Word] -oza
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil
    [Swahili Word] -pekecha
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil
    [Swahili Word] -peketa
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil
    [Swahili Word] -popotoa
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil
    [Swahili Word] -potoa
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [English Example] It is not usual for him/her to spoil the views of the father
    [Swahili Example] Sikawaida yeye kupotoa maoni ya baba
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil
    [Swahili Word] -potosha
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Class] causative
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil
    [Swahili Word] -umbua
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil
    [Swahili Word] -viza
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Class] causative
    [Derived Language] Swahili
    [Derived Word] -via
    [Related Words] -vizia
    [English Example] this chicken lays only spoiled eggs
    [Swahili Example] kuku huyu ameviza mayai yote
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil
    [Swahili Word] -vunda
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil
    [Swahili Word] -vunja
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil
    [Swahili Word] -vizia
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Class] appl-caus
    [Derived Language] Swahili
    [Derived Word] -via, -viza
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil
    [Swahili Word] -ozea
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Class] applicative
    [Derived Language] Swahili
    [Derived Word] -oza
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil (a child)
    [Swahili Word] -dekeza
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil (a child)
    [Swahili Word] -endekeza
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Class] caus-intr
    [Derived Language] Swahili
    [Derived Word] -enda
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil (by mixing with something of an inferior quality)
    [Swahili Word] -tabangatabanga
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil (work)
    [Swahili Word] -pota
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] spoil a child
    [Swahili Word] -tundua
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------

    English-Swahili dictionary > spoil

  • 56 выручка от продаж

    экон. taking

    It is usual for fees to be paid to the franchisor throughout the term of the franchise, usually as a royalty, for example, a fixed percentage (typically 10 per cent) of weekly taking. — Это обычная практика, когда отчисления уплачиваются франчайзеру в течение всего срока франшизы, обычно в виде вознаграждения, например, в размере фиксированного процента (обычно 10%) от еженедельной выручки.

    Дополнительный универсальный русско-английский словарь > выручка от продаж

  • 57 еженедельная выручка

    экон. weekly taking

    It is usual for fees to be paid to the franchisor throughout the term of the franchise, usually as a royalty, for example, a fixed percentage (typically 10 per cent) of weekly taking. — Это обычная практика, когда отчисления уплачиваются франчайзеру в течение всего срока франшизы, обычно в виде вознаграждения, например, в размере фиксированного процента (обычно 10%) от еженедельной выручки.

    Дополнительный универсальный русско-английский словарь > еженедельная выручка

  • 58 недельная выручка

    экон. weekly taking

    It is usual for fees to be paid to the franchisor throughout the term of the franchise, usually as a royalty, for example, a fixed percentage (typically 10 per cent) of weekly taking. — Это обычная практика, когда отчисления уплачиваются франчайзеру в течение всего срока франшизы, обычно в виде вознаграждения, например, в размере фиксированного процента (обычно 10%) от еженедельной выручки.

    Дополнительный универсальный русско-английский словарь > недельная выручка

  • 59 beatha

    life, so Irish Old Irish bethu, g. bethad, Celtic stem bitât-, divided into bi-tât; See bith (i.e. bi-tu-) for root. It is usual for philologists to represent the stem of beatha as bivotât, that is bi-vo-tât-, the bi-vo- part being the same as the stem bivo of beò. While the root bi is common to both beatha and beò, the former does not contain - vo-; it is the Old Irish nom. beothu (*bi-tûs) that has set philologists wrong. Hence Gaelic and Irish beathach, animal. Irish beathadhach, dial. of beathach.

    Etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language > beatha

  • 60 Bleaching

    The series of operations through which grey cloths pass in order to whiten them. In the early history of bleaching the process was carried out in open fields, and it was only possible to bleach fabrics in the summer months. All fibres have some colour, and to obtain a pure white cloth this natural colouring matter has to be bleached out. Thus the main object of bleaching is to remove from the fibre all colour and impurities, and the processes employed will depend upon these impurities and the material itself. There are a great number of methods in use, but all are for the purpose of removing fatty and waxy matters, mineral matter and colouring matter. The diagram gives the sequence of operations usual for bleaching cotton fabrics

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Bleaching

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