in+the+last+time

dĕcĭmus or dĕcŭmus (the latter form prevailed in the later law lang.; hence, decumanus), a, um, adj. [decem with superl. ending], the tenth.

Prop.:

mensis,

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 19; cf. Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 29:

legio,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40; cf. ib. 41; 42 al.:

decima hora,

Cic. Phil. 2, 31;

and without hora,

Auct. Her. 4, 51:

annus,

Verg. A. 9, 155:

septuma (dies) post decumam,

i. e. the seventeenth, id. G. 1, 284 Voss.:

cum decumo efficit ager,

i. e. tenfold, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112; so, extulisset, ib. § 113.—

dĕcĭmum, adv. (like tertium, quartum, etc.; cf. Gell. 10, 1), for the tenth time, Liv. 6, 40.—

Subst.: dĕcĭma ( dĕcŭma), ae, f. (sc. pars), the tenth part, tithe.

As an offering:

testatur Terentius Varro... majores solitos decimam Herculi vovere,

Macr. S. 3, 12; so Varr. L. L. 6, § 54 Müll.; Just. 18, 7, 7; cf. with pars; Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 874 P.; Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 80:

tibi (sc. Pythico Apollini) hinc decumam partem praedae voveo,

Liv. 5, 21; cf.:

cum vovissent Apollini decumas praedae,

Just. 20, 3, 3; cf. id. 18, 7, 7; Vulg. Gen. 14, 20;

so esp. of the tithes given by the Hebrews to support the priesthood,

id. Num. 18, 21 et saep.—

A largess openly bestowed by public men on the people:

Oresti nuper prandia in semitis decumae nomine magno honori fuerunt,

Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58; so Suet. Calig. 26; id. Galb. 15; Tac. H. 1, 20.—

A tithe, as a tax on landholders in the provinces, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 10, § 25; more freq. in plur., id. ib. 2, 3, 39, § 89 sq.—

A tithe, as conveyed by last will: decimas uxoribus dari, Trach. ap. Quint. 8, 5, 19.

Meton. (like decem, decies, etc.), considerable, large, immense ( poet.):

vastius insurgens decimae ruit impetus undae,

Ov. M. 11, 530 (cf.: decimanus, no. II., and in Gr. trikumia);

so of billows,

Sil. 14, 122; Luc. 5, 672; Val. Fl. 2, 54 (decimus by circumlocut.: qui venit hic fluctus, fluctus supereminet omnes;

posterior nono est undecimoque prior,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 50).

Dĕcĭmus, i, m., Dĕcĭma, ae, f., proper names.

Decimus, a Roman praenomen, abbrev. D. In the gens Claudia it was given only to patricians; but among the Junii and Laelii to plebeians also; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, § 61 Müll.—Hence, Dĕcĭmiānus, a, um, adj., named for Decimus:

pirus,

Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 54.—

Decima, the goddess that presides over accouchements, a partus tempestivi tempore, Varr. and Caesel. ap. Gell. 3, 16, 10 sq.; cf. also Tert. Anim. 37; id. adv. Val. 32.

dĕcĭmus or dĕcŭmus (the latter form prevailed in the later law lang.; hence, decumanus), a, um, adj. [decem with superl. ending], the tenth.

Prop.:

mensis,

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 19; cf. Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 29:

legio,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40; cf. ib. 41; 42 al.:

decima hora,

Cic. Phil. 2, 31;

and without hora,

Auct. Her. 4, 51:

annus,

Verg. A. 9, 155:

septuma (dies) post decumam,

i. e. the seventeenth, id. G. 1, 284 Voss.:

cum decumo efficit ager,

i. e. tenfold, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112; so, extulisset, ib. § 113.—

dĕcĭmum, adv. (like tertium, quartum, etc.; cf. Gell. 10, 1), for the tenth time, Liv. 6, 40.—

Subst.: dĕcĭma ( dĕcŭma), ae, f. (sc. pars), the tenth part, tithe.

As an offering:

testatur Terentius Varro... majores solitos decimam Herculi vovere,

Macr. S. 3, 12; so Varr. L. L. 6, § 54 Müll.; Just. 18, 7, 7; cf. with pars; Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 874 P.; Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 80:

tibi (sc. Pythico Apollini) hinc decumam partem praedae voveo,

Liv. 5, 21; cf.:

cum vovissent Apollini decumas praedae,

Just. 20, 3, 3; cf. id. 18, 7, 7; Vulg. Gen. 14, 20;

so esp. of the tithes given by the Hebrews to support the priesthood,

id. Num. 18, 21 et saep.—

A largess openly bestowed by public men on the people:

Oresti nuper prandia in semitis decumae nomine magno honori fuerunt,

Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58; so Suet. Calig. 26; id. Galb. 15; Tac. H. 1, 20.—

A tithe, as a tax on landholders in the provinces, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 10, § 25; more freq. in plur., id. ib. 2, 3, 39, § 89 sq.—

A tithe, as conveyed by last will: decimas uxoribus dari, Trach. ap. Quint. 8, 5, 19.

Meton. (like decem, decies, etc.), considerable, large, immense ( poet.):

vastius insurgens decimae ruit impetus undae,

Ov. M. 11, 530 (cf.: decimanus, no. II., and in Gr. trikumia);

so of billows,

Sil. 14, 122; Luc. 5, 672; Val. Fl. 2, 54 (decimus by circumlocut.: qui venit hic fluctus, fluctus supereminet omnes;

posterior nono est undecimoque prior,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 50).

Dĕcĭmus, i, m., Dĕcĭma, ae, f., proper names.

Decimus, a Roman praenomen, abbrev. D. In the gens Claudia it was given only to patricians; but among the Junii and Laelii to plebeians also; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, § 61 Müll.—Hence, Dĕcĭmiānus, a, um, adj., named for Decimus:

pirus,

Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 54.—

Decima, the goddess that presides over accouchements, a partus tempestivi tempore, Varr. and Caesel. ap. Gell. 3, 16, 10 sq.; cf. also Tert. Anim. 37; id. adv. Val. 32.

dĕcĭmus or dĕcŭmus (the latter form prevailed in the later law lang.; hence, decumanus), a, um, adj. [decem with superl. ending], the tenth.

Prop.:

mensis,

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 19; cf. Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 29:

legio,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40; cf. ib. 41; 42 al.:

decima hora,

Cic. Phil. 2, 31;

and without hora,

Auct. Her. 4, 51:

annus,

Verg. A. 9, 155:

septuma (dies) post decumam,

i. e. the seventeenth, id. G. 1, 284 Voss.:

cum decumo efficit ager,

i. e. tenfold, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112; so, extulisset, ib. § 113.—

dĕcĭmum, adv. (like tertium, quartum, etc.; cf. Gell. 10, 1), for the tenth time, Liv. 6, 40.—

Subst.: dĕcĭma ( dĕcŭma), ae, f. (sc. pars), the tenth part, tithe.

As an offering:

testatur Terentius Varro... majores solitos decimam Herculi vovere,

Macr. S. 3, 12; so Varr. L. L. 6, § 54 Müll.; Just. 18, 7, 7; cf. with pars; Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 874 P.; Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 80:

tibi (sc. Pythico Apollini) hinc decumam partem praedae voveo,

Liv. 5, 21; cf.:

cum vovissent Apollini decumas praedae,

Just. 20, 3, 3; cf. id. 18, 7, 7; Vulg. Gen. 14, 20;

so esp. of the tithes given by the Hebrews to support the priesthood,

id. Num. 18, 21 et saep.—

A largess openly bestowed by public men on the people:

Oresti nuper prandia in semitis decumae nomine magno honori fuerunt,

Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58; so Suet. Calig. 26; id. Galb. 15; Tac. H. 1, 20.—

A tithe, as a tax on landholders in the provinces, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 10, § 25; more freq. in plur., id. ib. 2, 3, 39, § 89 sq.—

A tithe, as conveyed by last will: decimas uxoribus dari, Trach. ap. Quint. 8, 5, 19.

Meton. (like decem, decies, etc.), considerable, large, immense ( poet.):

vastius insurgens decimae ruit impetus undae,

Ov. M. 11, 530 (cf.: decimanus, no. II., and in Gr. trikumia);

so of billows,

Sil. 14, 122; Luc. 5, 672; Val. Fl. 2, 54 (decimus by circumlocut.: qui venit hic fluctus, fluctus supereminet omnes;

posterior nono est undecimoque prior,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 50).

Dĕcĭmus, i, m., Dĕcĭma, ae, f., proper names.

Decimus, a Roman praenomen, abbrev. D. In the gens Claudia it was given only to patricians; but among the Junii and Laelii to plebeians also; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, § 61 Müll.—Hence, Dĕcĭmiānus, a, um, adj., named for Decimus:

pirus,

Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 54.—

Decima, the goddess that presides over accouchements, a partus tempestivi tempore, Varr. and Caesel. ap. Gell. 3, 16, 10 sq.; cf. also Tert. Anim. 37; id. adv. Val. 32.

dĕcĭmus or dĕcŭmus (the latter form prevailed in the later law lang.; hence, decumanus), a, um, adj. [decem with superl. ending], the tenth.

Prop.:

mensis,

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 19; cf. Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 29:

legio,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40; cf. ib. 41; 42 al.:

decima hora,

Cic. Phil. 2, 31;

and without hora,

Auct. Her. 4, 51:

annus,

Verg. A. 9, 155:

septuma (dies) post decumam,

i. e. the seventeenth, id. G. 1, 284 Voss.:

cum decumo efficit ager,

i. e. tenfold, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112; so, extulisset, ib. § 113.—

dĕcĭmum, adv. (like tertium, quartum, etc.; cf. Gell. 10, 1), for the tenth time, Liv. 6, 40.—

Subst.: dĕcĭma ( dĕcŭma), ae, f. (sc. pars), the tenth part, tithe.

As an offering:

testatur Terentius Varro... majores solitos decimam Herculi vovere,

Macr. S. 3, 12; so Varr. L. L. 6, § 54 Müll.; Just. 18, 7, 7; cf. with pars; Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 874 P.; Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 80:

tibi (sc. Pythico Apollini) hinc decumam partem praedae voveo,

Liv. 5, 21; cf.:

cum vovissent Apollini decumas praedae,

Just. 20, 3, 3; cf. id. 18, 7, 7; Vulg. Gen. 14, 20;

so esp. of the tithes given by the Hebrews to support the priesthood,

id. Num. 18, 21 et saep.—

A largess openly bestowed by public men on the people:

Oresti nuper prandia in semitis decumae nomine magno honori fuerunt,

Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58; so Suet. Calig. 26; id. Galb. 15; Tac. H. 1, 20.—

A tithe, as a tax on landholders in the provinces, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 10, § 25; more freq. in plur., id. ib. 2, 3, 39, § 89 sq.—

A tithe, as conveyed by last will: decimas uxoribus dari, Trach. ap. Quint. 8, 5, 19.

Meton. (like decem, decies, etc.), considerable, large, immense ( poet.):

vastius insurgens decimae ruit impetus undae,

Ov. M. 11, 530 (cf.: decimanus, no. II., and in Gr. trikumia);

so of billows,

Sil. 14, 122; Luc. 5, 672; Val. Fl. 2, 54 (decimus by circumlocut.: qui venit hic fluctus, fluctus supereminet omnes;

posterior nono est undecimoque prior,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 50).

Dĕcĭmus, i, m., Dĕcĭma, ae, f., proper names.

Decimus, a Roman praenomen, abbrev. D. In the gens Claudia it was given only to patricians; but among the Junii and Laelii to plebeians also; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, § 61 Müll.—Hence, Dĕcĭmiānus, a, um, adj., named for Decimus:

pirus,

Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 54.—

Decima, the goddess that presides over accouchements, a partus tempestivi tempore, Varr. and Caesel. ap. Gell. 3, 16, 10 sq.; cf. also Tert. Anim. 37; id. adv. Val. 32.

dĕcĭmus or dĕcŭmus (the latter form prevailed in the later law lang.; hence, decumanus), a, um, adj. [decem with superl. ending], the tenth.

Prop.:

mensis,

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 19; cf. Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 29:

legio,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40; cf. ib. 41; 42 al.:

decima hora,

Cic. Phil. 2, 31;

and without hora,

Auct. Her. 4, 51:

annus,

Verg. A. 9, 155:

septuma (dies) post decumam,

i. e. the seventeenth, id. G. 1, 284 Voss.:

cum decumo efficit ager,

i. e. tenfold, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112; so, extulisset, ib. § 113.—

dĕcĭmum, adv. (like tertium, quartum, etc.; cf. Gell. 10, 1), for the tenth time, Liv. 6, 40.—

Subst.: dĕcĭma ( dĕcŭma), ae, f. (sc. pars), the tenth part, tithe.

As an offering:

testatur Terentius Varro... majores solitos decimam Herculi vovere,

Macr. S. 3, 12; so Varr. L. L. 6, § 54 Müll.; Just. 18, 7, 7; cf. with pars; Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 874 P.; Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 80:

tibi (sc. Pythico Apollini) hinc decumam partem praedae voveo,

Liv. 5, 21; cf.:

cum vovissent Apollini decumas praedae,

Just. 20, 3, 3; cf. id. 18, 7, 7; Vulg. Gen. 14, 20;

so esp. of the tithes given by the Hebrews to support the priesthood,

id. Num. 18, 21 et saep.—

A largess openly bestowed by public men on the people:

Oresti nuper prandia in semitis decumae nomine magno honori fuerunt,

Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58; so Suet. Calig. 26; id. Galb. 15; Tac. H. 1, 20.—

A tithe, as a tax on landholders in the provinces, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 10, § 25; more freq. in plur., id. ib. 2, 3, 39, § 89 sq.—

A tithe, as conveyed by last will: decimas uxoribus dari, Trach. ap. Quint. 8, 5, 19.

Meton. (like decem, decies, etc.), considerable, large, immense ( poet.):

vastius insurgens decimae ruit impetus undae,

Ov. M. 11, 530 (cf.: decimanus, no. II., and in Gr. trikumia);

so of billows,

Sil. 14, 122; Luc. 5, 672; Val. Fl. 2, 54 (decimus by circumlocut.: qui venit hic fluctus, fluctus supereminet omnes;

posterior nono est undecimoque prior,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 50).

Dĕcĭmus, i, m., Dĕcĭma, ae, f., proper names.

Decimus, a Roman praenomen, abbrev. D. In the gens Claudia it was given only to patricians; but among the Junii and Laelii to plebeians also; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, § 61 Müll.—Hence, Dĕcĭmiānus, a, um, adj., named for Decimus:

pirus,

Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 54.—

Decima, the goddess that presides over accouchements, a partus tempestivi tempore, Varr. and Caesel. ap. Gell. 3, 16, 10 sq.; cf. also Tert. Anim. 37; id. adv. Val. 32.

Kălendae ( Cal-; v. the letter K), ārum, f. [root kal-, cal-; Gr. kaleô; Lat. calāre, clamo; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 27 Müll.; prop., the day when the order of days was proclaimed; hence], the Calends, the first day of the month: primi dies nominati Kalendae, ab eo quod his diebus calantur ejus mensis nonae a pontificibus, quintanae an septimanae sint futurae, Varr. L. L. l. l.; Macr. S. 1, 15:

sed heus tu, ecquid vides Kalendas venire, Antonium non venire?

Cic. Att. 2, 2, 3:

litteras accepi datas pridie Kalendas Maias,

on the last day of April, id. ib. 13, 20, 1.—Interest was due on the first day of each month;

hence: tristes Kalendae,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 87:

celeres,

Ov. R. Am. 561.—This reckoning of time was Roman only;

hence: Kalendae Ausoniae,

Ov. F. 1, 55.—Prov.: ad Kalendas Graecas solvere, i. e. never, August. ap. Suet. Aug. 87.—

The Kalends were sacred to Juno,

Ov. F. 1, 55; Macr. S. 1, 15;

hence the first day of the year, Kalendae Martiae, was celebrated as a festival of married women, the Matronalia: dabat, sicut Saturnalibus viris apophoreta, ita per Kalendas Martias feminis,

Suet. Vesp. 19:

Martiis caelebs quid agam Kalendis,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 1:

scis certe, puto, vestra jam venire Saturnalia, Martias Kalendas,

Mart. 5, 84, 10; Dig. 24, 1, 31, § 8;

hence: femineae Kalendae = Kal. Mart.,

Juv. 9, 53:

Kalendae Sextae,

the Calends of June, Ov. F. 6, 181:

Kalendae Germanicae,

the Calends of September, Inscr. Orell. 4949 (cf.:

in memoriam patris Septembrem mensem Germanicum appellavit,

Suet. Calig. 15):

Kalendae Januariae primae,

of next January, Cato, R. R. 147 sq.; Inscr. Orell. 3121.—

Transf., a month:

nec totidem veteres, quot nunc, habuere Kalendas,

Ov. F. 3, 99:

intra septimas Kalendas,

Mart. 1, 100, 6; 10, 75, 7; Dig. 45, 1, 46.

festus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. bhas, shine; lengthened from bha-; Gr. pha-, phainô, v. for; cf. feriae (fes-iae)], orig., of or belonging to the holidays (in opp. to the working-days), solemn, festive, festal, joyful, merry.

Lit.

Adj. (syn.: sollennis, fastus).

With expressions of time:

festo die si quid prodegeris, profesto egere liceat,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 10:

die festo celebri nobilique,

id. Poen. 3, 5, 13:

qui (dies) quasi deorum immortalium festi atque sollennes, apud omnes sunt celebrati,

Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

Syracusani festos dies anniversarios agunt,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107; id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:

dies festus ludorum celeberrimus et sanctissimus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 67, § 151; id. Fin. 5, 24, 70:

lux,

Ov. Tr. 5, 5, 42; Hor. C. 4, 6, 42:

tempus,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 140; Juv. 15, 38:

observare festa sabbata,

id. 6, 159.—Hence,

Transf., of everything relating to holidays:

chori,

Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 8:

clamores,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 24:

corona,

Ov. M. 10, 598; cf.

fronde,

Verg. A. 4, 459:

dapes,

Hor. Epod. 9, 1:

mensae,

Sil. 7, 198; Val. Fl. 3, 159:

lusus,

Mart. 1, 1:

pagus,

Hor. C. 3, 18, 11:

urbs,

gay, merry, Sil. 11, 272; 12, 752:

theatra,

Ov. M. 3, 111:

Lares,

Mart. 3, 58, 23:

licentiae,

of the holidays, Quint. 6, 3, 17:

pax,

Ov. M. 2, 795; Plin. 14, 1, 1, § 23:

plebs,

Tac. A. 2, 69:

domus ornatu,

id. ib. 3, 9:

ritus,

id. H. 5, 5:

omina,

id. A. 5, 4:

cespes,

Juv. 12, 2:

janua,

id. 12, 91.—As a term of endearment:

mi animule, mea vita, mea festivitas, meus dies festus, etc.,

my holiday, Plaut. Cas. 1, 49.—

Subst.: festum, i, n., a holiday, festival; a festal banquet, feast ( poet. and late Lat. for dies festus):

cur igitur Veneris festum Vinalia dicant, Quaeritis?

Ov. F. 4, 877; 1, 190; id. M. 4, 390:

forte Jovi festum Phoebus sollenne parabat,

feast, id. F. 2, 247:

cum dii omnes ad festum magnae matris convenissent,

Lact. 1, 21, 25.—In plur.:

Idaeae festa parentis erunt,

Ov. F. 4, 182:

festa venatione absumi,

Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 91; Ov. M. 4, 33; 10, 431; Hor. Epod. 2, 59; id. Ep. 2, 2, 197; Vulg. Exod. 23, 14 al.; Greg. Mag. Homil. in Evang. 2, 26, 10; Lact. 1, 22, 24.—

Meton., public, solemn, festal, festive, joyous (post-Aug. and rare):

dolor,

Stat. S. 2, 7, 134:

festior annus,

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 3:

festissimi dies,

Vop. Tac. 11:

aures,

i. e. gladdened, Claud. B. G. 206 (but in Stat. S. 2, 7, 90 the right read. is fata).

Festus, i, m., a Roman surname.

Sex. Pompeius Festus, a Roman grammarian of the fourth century A. D., author of a lexicographical work, De verborum significatione, in twenty books, of which only the last nine, in a very imperfect form, remain to us; with an abstract of the whole compiled by Paulus Diaconus in the eighth century. (Edited by Ottfr. Müller.)—

Portius Festus, Governor of the Roman Province of Judea, Vulg. Acts, 25, 32 al.

festus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. bhas, shine; lengthened from bha-; Gr. pha-, phainô, v. for; cf. feriae (fes-iae)], orig., of or belonging to the holidays (in opp. to the working-days), solemn, festive, festal, joyful, merry.

Lit.

Adj. (syn.: sollennis, fastus).

With expressions of time:

festo die si quid prodegeris, profesto egere liceat,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 10:

die festo celebri nobilique,

id. Poen. 3, 5, 13:

qui (dies) quasi deorum immortalium festi atque sollennes, apud omnes sunt celebrati,

Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

Syracusani festos dies anniversarios agunt,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107; id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:

dies festus ludorum celeberrimus et sanctissimus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 67, § 151; id. Fin. 5, 24, 70:

lux,

Ov. Tr. 5, 5, 42; Hor. C. 4, 6, 42:

tempus,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 140; Juv. 15, 38:

observare festa sabbata,

id. 6, 159.—Hence,

Transf., of everything relating to holidays:

chori,

Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 8:

clamores,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 24:

corona,

Ov. M. 10, 598; cf.

fronde,

Verg. A. 4, 459:

dapes,

Hor. Epod. 9, 1:

mensae,

Sil. 7, 198; Val. Fl. 3, 159:

lusus,

Mart. 1, 1:

pagus,

Hor. C. 3, 18, 11:

urbs,

gay, merry, Sil. 11, 272; 12, 752:

theatra,

Ov. M. 3, 111:

Lares,

Mart. 3, 58, 23:

licentiae,

of the holidays, Quint. 6, 3, 17:

pax,

Ov. M. 2, 795; Plin. 14, 1, 1, § 23:

plebs,

Tac. A. 2, 69:

domus ornatu,

id. ib. 3, 9:

ritus,

id. H. 5, 5:

omina,

id. A. 5, 4:

cespes,

Juv. 12, 2:

janua,

id. 12, 91.—As a term of endearment:

mi animule, mea vita, mea festivitas, meus dies festus, etc.,

my holiday, Plaut. Cas. 1, 49.—

Subst.: festum, i, n., a holiday, festival; a festal banquet, feast ( poet. and late Lat. for dies festus):

cur igitur Veneris festum Vinalia dicant, Quaeritis?

Ov. F. 4, 877; 1, 190; id. M. 4, 390:

forte Jovi festum Phoebus sollenne parabat,

feast, id. F. 2, 247:

cum dii omnes ad festum magnae matris convenissent,

Lact. 1, 21, 25.—In plur.:

Idaeae festa parentis erunt,

Ov. F. 4, 182:

festa venatione absumi,

Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 91; Ov. M. 4, 33; 10, 431; Hor. Epod. 2, 59; id. Ep. 2, 2, 197; Vulg. Exod. 23, 14 al.; Greg. Mag. Homil. in Evang. 2, 26, 10; Lact. 1, 22, 24.—

Meton., public, solemn, festal, festive, joyous (post-Aug. and rare):

dolor,

Stat. S. 2, 7, 134:

festior annus,

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 3:

festissimi dies,

Vop. Tac. 11:

aures,

i. e. gladdened, Claud. B. G. 206 (but in Stat. S. 2, 7, 90 the right read. is fata).

Festus, i, m., a Roman surname.

Sex. Pompeius Festus, a Roman grammarian of the fourth century A. D., author of a lexicographical work, De verborum significatione, in twenty books, of which only the last nine, in a very imperfect form, remain to us; with an abstract of the whole compiled by Paulus Diaconus in the eighth century. (Edited by Ottfr. Müller.)—

Portius Festus, Governor of the Roman Province of Judea, Vulg. Acts, 25, 32 al.

festus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. bhas, shine; lengthened from bha-; Gr. pha-, phainô, v. for; cf. feriae (fes-iae)], orig., of or belonging to the holidays (in opp. to the working-days), solemn, festive, festal, joyful, merry.

Lit.

Adj. (syn.: sollennis, fastus).

With expressions of time:

festo die si quid prodegeris, profesto egere liceat,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 10:

die festo celebri nobilique,

id. Poen. 3, 5, 13:

qui (dies) quasi deorum immortalium festi atque sollennes, apud omnes sunt celebrati,

Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

Syracusani festos dies anniversarios agunt,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107; id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:

dies festus ludorum celeberrimus et sanctissimus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 67, § 151; id. Fin. 5, 24, 70:

lux,

Ov. Tr. 5, 5, 42; Hor. C. 4, 6, 42:

tempus,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 140; Juv. 15, 38:

observare festa sabbata,

id. 6, 159.—Hence,

Transf., of everything relating to holidays:

chori,

Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 8:

clamores,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 24:

corona,

Ov. M. 10, 598; cf.

fronde,

Verg. A. 4, 459:

dapes,

Hor. Epod. 9, 1:

mensae,

Sil. 7, 198; Val. Fl. 3, 159:

lusus,

Mart. 1, 1:

pagus,

Hor. C. 3, 18, 11:

urbs,

gay, merry, Sil. 11, 272; 12, 752:

theatra,

Ov. M. 3, 111:

Lares,

Mart. 3, 58, 23:

licentiae,

of the holidays, Quint. 6, 3, 17:

pax,

Ov. M. 2, 795; Plin. 14, 1, 1, § 23:

plebs,

Tac. A. 2, 69:

domus ornatu,

id. ib. 3, 9:

ritus,

id. H. 5, 5:

omina,

id. A. 5, 4:

cespes,

Juv. 12, 2:

janua,

id. 12, 91.—As a term of endearment:

mi animule, mea vita, mea festivitas, meus dies festus, etc.,

my holiday, Plaut. Cas. 1, 49.—

Subst.: festum, i, n., a holiday, festival; a festal banquet, feast ( poet. and late Lat. for dies festus):

cur igitur Veneris festum Vinalia dicant, Quaeritis?

Ov. F. 4, 877; 1, 190; id. M. 4, 390:

forte Jovi festum Phoebus sollenne parabat,

feast, id. F. 2, 247:

cum dii omnes ad festum magnae matris convenissent,

Lact. 1, 21, 25.—In plur.:

Idaeae festa parentis erunt,

Ov. F. 4, 182:

festa venatione absumi,

Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 91; Ov. M. 4, 33; 10, 431; Hor. Epod. 2, 59; id. Ep. 2, 2, 197; Vulg. Exod. 23, 14 al.; Greg. Mag. Homil. in Evang. 2, 26, 10; Lact. 1, 22, 24.—

Meton., public, solemn, festal, festive, joyous (post-Aug. and rare):

dolor,

Stat. S. 2, 7, 134:

festior annus,

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 3:

festissimi dies,

Vop. Tac. 11:

aures,

i. e. gladdened, Claud. B. G. 206 (but in Stat. S. 2, 7, 90 the right read. is fata).

Festus, i, m., a Roman surname.

Sex. Pompeius Festus, a Roman grammarian of the fourth century A. D., author of a lexicographical work, De verborum significatione, in twenty books, of which only the last nine, in a very imperfect form, remain to us; with an abstract of the whole compiled by Paulus Diaconus in the eighth century. (Edited by Ottfr. Müller.)—

Portius Festus, Governor of the Roman Province of Judea, Vulg. Acts, 25, 32 al.

* * *

* * *

brūma, ae, f. [for brevima, breuma = brevissima:

dicta bruma quod brevissimus tunc dies est,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 8 Müll.: bruma a brevitate dierum dicta, Paul. ex Fest. p. 31 Müll.; cf. Isid. Orig. 5, 35, 6; Gesn. Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 106; Ruhnk. ad Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 28].

Lit., the shortest day in the year, the winter solstice, * Lucr. 5, 746; Varr. L. L. l. l.; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 28:

circa brumam serendum non esse,

Plin. 18, 24, 56, § 204 al. — Plur.:

solis accessus discessusque solstitiis brumisque cognosci,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 19; 2, 19, 50; Ov. F. 1, 163.—

Transf.

In gen., the winter time, winter (mostly poet.):

musculorum jecuscula brumā dicuntur augeri,

Cic. Div. 2, 14, 33:

novissimus dies brumae,

Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 191:

ver proterit aestas, Interitura, simul Pomifer auctumnus fruges effuderit, et mox Bruma recurrit iners,

Hor. C. 4, 7, 12; Phaedr. 4, 23, 19:

serite hordea campis Usque sub extremum brumae intractabilis imbrem,

even to the last rain of rough winter, Verg. G. 1, 211; 3, 321.—So, horrida cano gelu, Verg. G. 3, 443:

frigida,

id. A. 2, 472:

hiberna,

Tib. 1, 4, 5; Ov. Ib. 37; Prop. 1, 8, 9:

tepidae,

Hor. C. 2, 6, 18:

nives illinet agris,

id. Ep. 1, 7, 10:

per brumam,

id. ib. 1, 11, 19:

brumae tempore,

Juv. 3, 102; Val. Fl. 5, 602; Stat. S. 1, 3, 89 al.—

In the most gen. sense (pars pro toto), poet., a year; plur., Manil. 3, 607; Mart. 4, 40, 5; 10, 104, 9.

postĕrĭtas, ātis, f. [posterus], future time, futurity, after - ages, succeeding generations, posterity (class.):

sperare videor, Scipionis et Laelii amicitiam notam posteritati fore,

Cic. Lael. 4, 15:

infinita,

id. Att. 12, 19, 1:

hujus rei ne posteritatem quidem omnium saeculorum, umquam immemorem esse,

id. Phil. 2, 22, 54:

sera,

a late posterity, Ov. P. 4, 8, 48:

aeterna,

id. H. 16, 374:

posteritati servire,

one's fame with posterity, Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 35:

posteritatis otio consulere,

id. Fam. 2, 18, 3:

habeat rationem posteritatis et periculi sui,

Caes. B. C. 1, 13: in posteritatem, in the distant future, hereafter:

quanta tempestas invidiae nobis...in posteritatem impendeat,

Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 22; Just. 2, 3, 15:

sola posteritatis dilectio,

desire for offspring, Vulg. Tob. 8, 9.—

Transf., of animals, offspring ( poet.), Juv. 8, 62.—

Trop., the last place, inferiority (eccl. Lat.):

principalem veritati, et posteritatem mendacitati deputare,

Tert. Praescr. 31.

ălĭquandŏ, temp. adv. [aliquis; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 856, regards the affix in this word and in quando as from an earlier -da = dies].

A.. In opp. to a definite, fixed point of time, at some time or other, once; at any time, ever (i. e. at an indefinite, undetermined time, of the past, present, and future; mostly in affirmative clauses, while umquam is only used of past and future time, and in negative clauses or those implying doubt; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 2, 14, 51).—Of the past: neque ego umquam fuisse tale monstrum in terris ullum puto: quis clarioribus viris quodam tempore jucundior? quis turpioribus conjunctior: quis civis meliorum partium aliquando? Cic. Cael. 5, 12:

Ad quem angelorum dixit aliquando, Sede etc.,

Vulg. Heb. 1, 13.—Of the future:

erit illud profecto tempus et illucescet aliquando ille dies, etc.,

Cic. Mil. 26, 69:

cave, ne aliquando peccato consentias,

Vulg. Tob. 4, 6:

huic utinam aliquando gratiam referre possimus! Habebimus quidem semper,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4:

ne posset aliquando ad bellum faciendum locus ipse adhortari,

id. Off. 1, 11, 35.—Of the present: de rationibus et de controversiis societatis vult dijudicari. Sero: verum aliquando tamen, but yet once, in opp. to not at all, never, Cic. Quint. 13, 43.—

With non, nec (eccl. Lat.):

non peccabitis aliquando,

Vulg. 2 Pet. 1, 10:

nec aliquando defuit quidquam iis,

ib. 1 Reg. 25, 7; 25, 15; ib. Dan. 14, 6; ib 1 Thess. 2, 5.—

In connection with ullus, and oftener, esp. in Cic., with aliquis:

quaerere ea num vel e Philone vel ex ullo Academico audivisset aliquando,

Cic. Ac. 2, 4, 11: Forsitan aliquis aliquando ejusmodi quidpiam fecerit. id. Verr. 2, 32, 78;

ego quia dico aliquid aliquando, et quia, ut fit, in multis exit aliquando aliquid, etc.,

id. Planc 14, 35;

non despero fore aliquem aliquando,

id. de Or. 1, 21, 95:

docendo etiam aliquid aliquando,

id. Or. 42, 144:

Nam aut erit hic aliquid aliquando, etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 11, 2.—So with quisquis:

nec quidquam aliquando periit,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 25, 15; 25, 7.—

Si forte aliquando or si aliquando, if at any time, if ever; or of a distant, but undefined, point of time, if once, at one time, or one day:

si quid hujus simile forte aliquando evenerit,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 40:

quod si aliquando manus ista plus valuerit quam vestra ac rei publicae dignitas, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 4, 10, 20: ampla domus dedecori saepe domino fit, et maxime si aliquando alio domino solita est frequentari, once, i. e. at a former time, id. Off. 1, 39, 139.—

It is often used (opp.: in praesentiā, nunc, adhuc) of an indefinite, past, or future time = olim, quondam, once, formerly; in future time, hereafter:

quod sit in praesentiā de honestate delibatum, virtute aliquando et industriā recuperetur,

Cic. Inv. 2, 58, 174:

aliquando nobis libertatis tempus fuisse, quod pacis vobiscum non fuerit: nunc certe, etc., Liv 25, 29: Iol ad mare, aliquando ignobilis, nunc illustris,

Mel. 1, 6:

Qui aliquando non populus, nunc autem populus Dei,

Vulg. 1 Pet. 2, 10; ib. Philem. 11:

quam concedis adhuc artem omnino non esse, sed aliquando, etc.,

Cic. de Or 1, 58, 246.—Sometimes the point of time in contrast can be determined only from the context:

quaerere num e Philone audivisset aliquando,

Cic. Ac. Pr. 2, 4, 11:

veritus sum deesse Pompeii saluti, cum ille aliquando non defuisset meae,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 10:

aut quisquam nostri misereri potest, qui aliquando vobis hostis fuit?

Sall. J. 14, 17:

Zacynthus aliquando appellata Hyrie,

Plin. 4, 12, 19, § 54; Plin. Ep. 6, 10:

quae aliquando viderat,

Vulg. Gen. 42, 9; ib. 1 Pet. 3, 20.—

Of that which at times happens, in contrast with that which never or seldom occurs, sometimes, now and then = non numquam, interdum (opp.: numquam, raro; semper, saepe).

Te non numquam a me alienārunt, et me aliquando immutārunt tibi, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 2:

liceret ei dicere utilitatem aliquando cum honestate pugnare,

id. Off. 3, 3, 12:

sitne aliquando mentiri boni viri?

id. de Or. 3, 29, 113; Quint. 5, 13, 31:

multa proelia et aliquando non cruenta,

Tac. Agr. 17; Suet. Aug. 43.—

With numquam, raro; semper, saepe, saepius, modo in another clause:

convertit se aliquando ad timorem, numquam ad sanitatem,

Cic. Sull. 5, 17:

senatumque et populum numquam obscura nomina, etiam si aliquando obumbrentur,

Tac. H. 2, 32:

quod non saepe, atque haud scio an umquam, in aliquā parte eluceat aliquando,

Cic. Or. 2, 7:

raro, sed aliquando tamen, ex metu delirium nascitur,

Cels. 3, 18; so id. 8, 4; 1 praef.:

aliquando... semper,

Liv. 45, 23, 8:

aliquando fortuna, semper animo maximus,

Vell. 2, 18: Haud semper errat fama;

aliquando et elegit,

Tac. Agr. 9:

aliquando... saepe,

Cels. 1 praef.:

nec tamen ubique cerni, aliquando propter nubila, saepius globo terrae obstante,

Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56; so Tac. A. 3, 27; id. Agr. 38.—

In partitive clauses, twice, or even several times, like modo—modo, sometimes also alternating with non numquam or modo (so only in the post-Aug. per.), at one time... at another, now.. now:

confirmatio aliquando totius causae est, aliquando partium,

Quint. 5, 13, 58; Plin. 17, 28, 47, § 262; Sen. Q. N. 2, 36, 2:

aliquando emicat stella, aliquando ardores sunt, aliquando fixi et haerentes, non numquam volubiles,

id. ib. 1, 14; cf. Suet. Calig. 52:

Vespasianus modo in spem erectus, aliquando adversa reputabat,

Tac. H. 2, 74; id. A. 16, 10.—

In colloquial lang., to indicate that there is occasion for a certain thing, once, for once, on this occasion, now:

aliquando osculando melius est, uxor, pausam fieri,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 6, 1:

sed si placet, sermonem alio transferamus, et nostro more aliquando, non rhetorico loquamur,

now in our own way, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 133:

sed ne plura: dicendum enim aliquando est, Pomponium Atticum sic amo, ut alterum fratrem,

I must for once say it, id. Fam. 13, 1, 14.—

In commands, exhortations, or wishes, = tandem, at length, now at last:

audite quaeso, judices, et aliquando miseremini sociorum,

Cic. Verr. 1, 28, 72:

mode scribe aliquando ad nos, quid agas,

id. Fam. 7, 12, 2:

stulti, aliquando sapite,

Vulg. Psa. 93, 8:

ipse agat, ut orbatura patres aliquando fulmina ponat,

Ov. M. 2, 391:

Aliquando isti principes sibi populi Romani auctoritati parendum esse fateantur,

id. Imp. Pomp. 22, 64; id. Verr. 4, 37, 81; Sall. J. 14, 21; Ov. M. 2, 390:

et velim aliquando, cum erit tuum commodum, Lentulum puerum visas,

Cic. Att. 12, 28.—Hence,

Of that which happens after long expectation or delay, freq. in connection with tandem, finally, at length, now at last:

quibus (quaestionibus) finem aliquando amicorum auctoritas fecit,

Cic. Clu. 67, 191:

(dii) placati jam vel satiati aliquando,

id. Marcell. 6, 18:

collegi me aliquando,

id. Clu. 18, 51: aliquando idque sero usum loquendi populo concessi, finally. i. e. after I have for a long time spoken in another manner, id. Or. 48, 160:

te aliquando collaudare possum, quod jam, etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 17; Suet. Aug. 70:

diu exspectaverant, dum retia extraherentur: aliquando extractis piscis nullus infuit,

id. Clar. Rhet. 1.—With tandem:

aliquando tandem huc animum ut adducas tuum,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 61:

spes est et hunc aliquan do tandem posse consistere,

Cic. Quint. 30, 94 tandem aliquando L. Catilinam ex urbe ejecimus, id. Cat. 2, 1:

ut tandem aliquando timere desinam,

id. ib. 1, 7, 18; id. Quint. 30, 94:

servus tandem aliquando mihi a te exspectatissimas litteras reddidit,

id. Fam. 16, 9:

tandem aliquando refloruistis,

Vulg. Phil. 4, 10.—With jam:

utile esse te aliquando jam rem transigere,

now at length Cic. Att. 1, 4.

prŏpĭor, ĭus, gen. ōris, adj. comp., and proxĭmus, a, um, adj. sup. (v. below, II.) [from the obsol. propis; whence prope].

Comp., nearer, nigher.

Lit., of place:

portus propior,

Verg. A. 3, 530:

tumulus,

Liv. 22, 24:

ut propior patriae sit fuga nostra,

Ov. P. 1, 2, 130:

domus,

Sall. H. 2, 40 Dietsch:

cum propior caliginis aër Ater init oculos,

Lucr. 4, 338 (314).—With acc.:

propior montem suos collocat,

Sall. J. 49, 1:

propior hostem,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 9.—With ab:

quisquis ab igne propior stetit,

Sen. Ep. 74, 4.—With inf.:

propior timeri,

Stat. Th. 12, 223.— Neutr. plur, subst.: prŏpĭōra, um, places lying near:

propiora fluminis,

Tac. H. 5, 16:

tenere,

Verg. A. 5, 168.—

Trop.

Of time, nearer, later, more recent:

veniunt inde ad propiora,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 116:

venio ad propiorem (epistulam),

id. Att. 15, 3, 2:

propior puero quam juveni,

Vell. 2, 53, 1:

septimus octavo jam propior annus,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 40; id. C. 3, 15, 4:

mors,

Tib. 2, 3, 42:

propiore aut longiore tempore aliquid facere,

Dig. 23, 4, 17.—

Of relationship, nearer, more nearly related; with dat.:

quibus propior P. Quintio nemo est,

Cic. Quint. 31, 97:

ille gradu propior sanguinis,

Ov. H. 3, 28; 16, 326; 20, 158:

amicus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5.—

Of resemblance, more nearly resembling, more like (class.); with dat.:

quae sceleri propiora sunt, quam religioni,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

tauro,

Verg. G. 3, 57:

vero est propius,

more probable, Liv. 4, 37; Ov. F. 4, 801; Tac. A. 13, 34; id. G. 45:

scribere Sermoni propiora,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 42.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

propius est fidem,

is more credible, Liv. 4, 17:

quod tamen vitium propius virtutem erat,

Sall. C. 11, 1.—

Of relation or connection, nearer, more nearly related, affecting or concerning more nearly, of greater import, closer, more intimate:

hunc priorem aequom'st me habere: tunica propior pallio est, proverbially,

my shirt is nearer than my coat, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 30:

propior societas eorum, qui ejusdem civitatis,

Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69:

sua sibi propiora pericula esse, quam mea,

id. Sest. 18, 40:

alium portum propiorem huic aetati videbamus,

id. Att. 14, 19, 1:

damnum propius medullis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 28:

cura propior luctusque domesticus,

Ov. M. 13, 578; id. P. 4, 9, 71:

supplemento vel Latium propius esse,

Liv. 8, 11:

irae quam timori propiorem cernens,

more inclined to anger than to fear, Tac. A. 16, 9: oderat Aenean propior Saturnia Turno, more inclined or attached to, Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 7.—Hence, adv.: prŏpĭus, more nearly, nearer, closer (class.).

Lit.

Absol.:

propius accedamus,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 11; Ov. M. 2, 41:

res adspicere,

Verg. A. 1, 526:

propius spectare aliquid,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 67;

stare,

id. A. P. 361.—

With dat., nearer to: propius grammatico accessi, Cic. ap. Diom. p. 405 P. (not elsewhere in Cic.):

propius Tiberi quam Thermopylis,

Nep. Hann. 8, 3:

propius stabulis armenta tenerent,

Verg. G. 1, 355.—

With acc.:

ne propius se castra moveret,

Caes. B. G. 4, 9:

pars insulae, quae est propius solis occasum,

id. ib. 4, 28: propius aliquem accedere, id. ib. 5, 36:

propius urbem,

Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 26:

mare,

Sall. J. 18, 9.—

With ab:

propius a terris,

Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87:

antiquitas quo propius aberat ab ortu et divinā progenie, hoc melius ea cernebat,

id. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

ab Urbe,

Plin. 17, 25, 38, § 243.—

Trop.:

ut propius ad ea accedam, quae a te dicta sunt,

Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24; Sen. Ira, 3, 42, 4; Cic. Part. 36, 124:

propius accedo: nego esse illa testimonia,

id. Fl. 10, 23:

a contumeliā quam a laude propius fuerit post Vitellium eligi,

Tac. H. 2, 76:

nec quicquam propius est factum, quam ut illum persequeretur,

he was within an ace of following him, Cic. Clu. 21, 59; so,

propius nihil est factum, quam ut occideretur,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15.

Sup.: proxĭmus (PROXVMVS and PROXSVMEIS, Tab. Bant.; late comp. proximior, Sen. Ep. 108, 16; Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.; v. below, B. 2. and 3.; cf. in adv. 2. c.), a, um, adj., the nearest, next (class.).

Lit., of place:

proxima oppida,

Caes. B. G. 3, 12:

via,

Lucr. 5, 103; cf.:

via ad gloriam proxima et quasi compendiaria,

Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43:

ad proximum mare, dein Romam pergerent,

Sall. J. 23, 2:

in proximos collis discedunt,

id. ib. 54, 10:

proximum iter in Galliam,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

paries cum proximus ardet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 84:

agri termini,

id. C. 2, 18, 23:

proximus vicinus,

one's nearest neighbor, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 138; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 49; Cic. Att. 2, 14, 2; Dig. 50, 15, 4.—With dat.:

Belgae proximi sunt Germanis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1: huic proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53:

proxima Campano ponti villula,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 45.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

qui te proximus est,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 1:

ager proximus finem Megalopolitarum,

Liv. 35, 27:

Crassus proximus mare Oceanum hiemarat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 7, 2:

qui proximi forte tribunal steterant,

Liv. 8, 32, 12.—With ab, nearest to, next to:

dactylus proximus a postremo,

next before, Cic. Or. 64, 217:

ut quisque proximus ab oppresso sit,

Liv. 37, 25:

proximus a dominā,

Ov. A. A. 1, 139:

proxima regio ab eā (urbe),

Curt. 10, 5, 18. —Hence, as subst.,

proxĭmus, i, m., a neighbor, a fellow-man, Val. Max. 6, 9 init.; Quint. Decl. 259.—As subst.,

proxĭmum, i, n., the neighborhood, vicinity:

vicinus e proximo,

hard by, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

aquam hinc de proximo rogabo,

from the house next door, id. Rud. 2, 3, 73:

cum in proximo hic sit aegra,

close by, next door, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6:

huic locum in proximum conduxi,

Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 4:

per impluvium huc despexi in proximum,

into our neighbor's, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 16.— Plur.:

traicit in proxima continentis,

Liv. 31, 46, 12.—

Trop.

Of time, the next preceding or following, the previous, last, the next, the following, ensuing:

quid proximā, quid superiore nocte egeris,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

his proximis Nonis, cum in hortos Bruti venissemus,

id. Lael. 2, 7:

Gabinius quem proximis superioribus diebus acerrime oppugnasset,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 20: se proximā nocte castra moturum, on the next, i.e. the following night, Caes. B. G. 1, 40 fin.; 2, 12; 3, 18; Liv. 2, 7, 1:

proximo anno,

Sall. J. 35, 2; Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 208:

in proxumum annum (se) transtulit,

Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

proximo, altero, tertio, denique reliquis consecutis diebus,

id. Phil. 1, 13, 32:

bello tanto majore quam proximo conatu apparatum est,

Liv. 4, 23, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.: IN DIEBVS V. PROXSVMEIS QVIBVS QVISQVE EORVM MAG (istratum) INIERIT, Tab. Bantin. lin. 14; so ib. lin. 12; Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2; id. Att. 11, 11, 1:

censor qui proximus ante me fuerat,

id. Sen. 12, 42: die proximi, old abl. form for proximo, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 24, 10, and ap. Non. 153, 11; cf.:

crastinus, pristinus, etc., but proximo a. d. VI. Kal. Octobr.,

recently, last of all, Cic. Att. 18, 5.—

In order of succession, rank, estimation, worth, etc., the next:

summa necessitudo videtur esse honestatis: huic proxima incolumitatis: tertia ac levissima commoditatis,

Cic. Inv. 2, 58, 173:

observat L. Domitium maxime, me habet proximum,

id. Att. 1, 1, 3:

proximos dentes eiciunt,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2:

prima vulnera... Proxima,

Ov. M. 3, 233:

proximos illi tamen occupavit Pallas honores,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 19: proximum est, ut, it follows that, remains that, the next point is: proximum est ergo, ut, opus fuerit classe necne quaeramus, we must next inquire, Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

proximum est, ut doceam, deorum providentiā mundum administrari,

id. N. D. 2, 29, 73.—Of value or quality, the next, most nearly approaching, most like or similar:

id habendum est antiquissimum et deo proximum, quod est optimum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

ficta voluptatis causā sint proxima veris,

Hor. A. P. 338:

proxima Phoebi Versibus ille facit,

Verg. E. 7, 22.— Comp.:

ut quorum abstinentiam interrupi, modum servem et quidem abstinentiae proximiorem,

Sen. Ep. 108, 16.—

In relationship, connection, or resemblance, the nearest, next, most nearly or closely related, next of kin, most like:

AGNATVS PROXIMVS, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: hic illi genere est proximus,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 17:

proximus cognatione,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144:

id des proximum,

id. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

proxima virtutibus vitia,

Quint. 10, 2, 16:

propinquitate,

Nep. Ages. 1, 3:

proximae necessitudines,

Petr. 116.— Comp.: si quis proximior cognatus nasceretur, Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.— Subst.: proxĭmi, ōrum, m., one's nearest relatives, next of kin:

injuriosi sunt in proximos,

Cic. Off. 1, 14, 44; Caes. Fragm. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 6; Phaedr. 5, 1, 16:

cum haec omnia cumulate tuis proximis plana fecero,

i.e. to your friends, intimates, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 64, § 165; id. Pis. 32, 79; Gell. 3, 8, 3.—

In gen., one's neighbor, fellow-man:

sive nostros status, sive proximorum ingenia contemplamur,

Val. Max. 6, 9, 1; Quint. Decl. 2, 59:

quis est mihi proximus?

Aug. in Psa. 118; Serm. 8, 2; 90, 7 init. —

That is nearest at hand, i. e. apt, fit, suitable, convenient, easy (anteand post-class.):

argumentum,

App. Mag. p. 278:

cum obvium proximumque esset dicere, etc.,

Gell. 3, 14, 12: eamus ad me;

ibi proximum est, ubi mutes,

there is the fittest, most convenient place, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64.— Adv.: proxĭmē (proxume; comp. proximius, v. below, 2. c.), nearest, very near, next.

Lit., of place, with dat. (not in Cic., rare in Livy):

quam proxime potest hostium castris castra communit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.; Liv. 25, 14, 4.—With acc.:

exercitum habere quam proxime hostem,

Cic. Att. 6, 5, 3:

proxime Pompeium sedebam,

id. ib. 1, 14, 3:

proxime Hispaniam Mauri sunt,

Sall. J. 19, 4.—With ab:

a Surā proxime est Philiscum oppidum Parthorum,

Plin. 5, 26, 21, § 89:

omnes tamen quam proxime alter ab altero debent habitare,

Col. 1, 6, 8.—

Trop.

Of time, shortly before or after, last, next:

civitates quae proxime bellum fecerant,

Caes. B. G. 3, 29:

Tito fratre suo censore, qui proximus ante me fuerat,

Cic. Sen. 12, 42; id. Part. 39, 137; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3:

cum proxime judices contrahentur,

id. ib. 5, 7, 3.—With acc.:

proxime abstinentiam sumendus est cibus exiguus,

Cels. 3, 2:

proxime solis occasum,

Pall. 9, 8, 5.—

Of order, rank, estimation, condition, etc., next to, next after, next:

proxime et secundum deos homines hominibus maxime utiles esse possunt,

Cic. Off. 2, 3, 1:

me huic tuae virtuti proxime accedere,

id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

proxime a nobilissimis viris,

Vell. 2, 124, 4; id. 2, 127, 1:

proxime valent cetera lauri genera,

Plin. 23, 8, 80, § 158: utilissimum esse omphacium;

proxime viride,

id. 23, 4, 39, § 79.—With acc.: esse etiam debent proxime hos cari, qui, etc., Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 2:

proxime morem Romanum,

closely following the Roman method, Liv. 24, 48, 11:

erat res minime certamini navali similis, proxime speciem muros oppugnantium navium,

closely resembling, id. 30, 10.—In this sense also with atque:

proxime atque ille aut aeque,

nearly the same as he, Cic. Fam. 9, 13, 2.—

Very closely, nicely, accurately:

ut proxime utriusque differentiam signem,

Quint. 6, 2, 20 Spald.; cf.:

analogia, quam proxime ex Graeco transferentes in Latinum proportionem vocaverunt,

id. 1, 6, 3. — Comp.:

nonne apertius, proximius, verius?

Min. Fel. Oct. 19.

prŏpĭor, ĭus, gen. ōris, adj. comp., and proxĭmus, a, um, adj. sup. (v. below, II.) [from the obsol. propis; whence prope].

Comp., nearer, nigher.

Lit., of place:

portus propior,

Verg. A. 3, 530:

tumulus,

Liv. 22, 24:

ut propior patriae sit fuga nostra,

Ov. P. 1, 2, 130:

domus,

Sall. H. 2, 40 Dietsch:

cum propior caliginis aër Ater init oculos,

Lucr. 4, 338 (314).—With acc.:

propior montem suos collocat,

Sall. J. 49, 1:

propior hostem,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 9.—With ab:

quisquis ab igne propior stetit,

Sen. Ep. 74, 4.—With inf.:

propior timeri,

Stat. Th. 12, 223.— Neutr. plur, subst.: prŏpĭōra, um, places lying near:

propiora fluminis,

Tac. H. 5, 16:

tenere,

Verg. A. 5, 168.—

Trop.

Of time, nearer, later, more recent:

veniunt inde ad propiora,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 116:

venio ad propiorem (epistulam),

id. Att. 15, 3, 2:

propior puero quam juveni,

Vell. 2, 53, 1:

septimus octavo jam propior annus,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 40; id. C. 3, 15, 4:

mors,

Tib. 2, 3, 42:

propiore aut longiore tempore aliquid facere,

Dig. 23, 4, 17.—

Of relationship, nearer, more nearly related; with dat.:

quibus propior P. Quintio nemo est,

Cic. Quint. 31, 97:

ille gradu propior sanguinis,

Ov. H. 3, 28; 16, 326; 20, 158:

amicus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5.—

Of resemblance, more nearly resembling, more like (class.); with dat.:

quae sceleri propiora sunt, quam religioni,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

tauro,

Verg. G. 3, 57:

vero est propius,

more probable, Liv. 4, 37; Ov. F. 4, 801; Tac. A. 13, 34; id. G. 45:

scribere Sermoni propiora,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 42.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

propius est fidem,

is more credible, Liv. 4, 17:

quod tamen vitium propius virtutem erat,

Sall. C. 11, 1.—

Of relation or connection, nearer, more nearly related, affecting or concerning more nearly, of greater import, closer, more intimate:

hunc priorem aequom'st me habere: tunica propior pallio est, proverbially,

my shirt is nearer than my coat, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 30:

propior societas eorum, qui ejusdem civitatis,

Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69:

sua sibi propiora pericula esse, quam mea,

id. Sest. 18, 40:

alium portum propiorem huic aetati videbamus,

id. Att. 14, 19, 1:

damnum propius medullis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 28:

cura propior luctusque domesticus,

Ov. M. 13, 578; id. P. 4, 9, 71:

supplemento vel Latium propius esse,

Liv. 8, 11:

irae quam timori propiorem cernens,

more inclined to anger than to fear, Tac. A. 16, 9: oderat Aenean propior Saturnia Turno, more inclined or attached to, Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 7.—Hence, adv.: prŏpĭus, more nearly, nearer, closer (class.).

Lit.

Absol.:

propius accedamus,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 11; Ov. M. 2, 41:

res adspicere,

Verg. A. 1, 526:

propius spectare aliquid,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 67;

stare,

id. A. P. 361.—

With dat., nearer to: propius grammatico accessi, Cic. ap. Diom. p. 405 P. (not elsewhere in Cic.):

propius Tiberi quam Thermopylis,

Nep. Hann. 8, 3:

propius stabulis armenta tenerent,

Verg. G. 1, 355.—

With acc.:

ne propius se castra moveret,

Caes. B. G. 4, 9:

pars insulae, quae est propius solis occasum,

id. ib. 4, 28: propius aliquem accedere, id. ib. 5, 36:

propius urbem,

Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 26:

mare,

Sall. J. 18, 9.—

With ab:

propius a terris,

Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87:

antiquitas quo propius aberat ab ortu et divinā progenie, hoc melius ea cernebat,

id. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

ab Urbe,

Plin. 17, 25, 38, § 243.—

Trop.:

ut propius ad ea accedam, quae a te dicta sunt,

Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24; Sen. Ira, 3, 42, 4; Cic. Part. 36, 124:

propius accedo: nego esse illa testimonia,

id. Fl. 10, 23:

a contumeliā quam a laude propius fuerit post Vitellium eligi,

Tac. H. 2, 76:

nec quicquam propius est factum, quam ut illum persequeretur,

he was within an ace of following him, Cic. Clu. 21, 59; so,

propius nihil est factum, quam ut occideretur,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15.

Sup.: proxĭmus (PROXVMVS and PROXSVMEIS, Tab. Bant.; late comp. proximior, Sen. Ep. 108, 16; Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.; v. below, B. 2. and 3.; cf. in adv. 2. c.), a, um, adj., the nearest, next (class.).

Lit., of place:

proxima oppida,

Caes. B. G. 3, 12:

via,

Lucr. 5, 103; cf.:

via ad gloriam proxima et quasi compendiaria,

Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43:

ad proximum mare, dein Romam pergerent,

Sall. J. 23, 2:

in proximos collis discedunt,

id. ib. 54, 10:

proximum iter in Galliam,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

paries cum proximus ardet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 84:

agri termini,

id. C. 2, 18, 23:

proximus vicinus,

one's nearest neighbor, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 138; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 49; Cic. Att. 2, 14, 2; Dig. 50, 15, 4.—With dat.:

Belgae proximi sunt Germanis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1: huic proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53:

proxima Campano ponti villula,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 45.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

qui te proximus est,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 1:

ager proximus finem Megalopolitarum,

Liv. 35, 27:

Crassus proximus mare Oceanum hiemarat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 7, 2:

qui proximi forte tribunal steterant,

Liv. 8, 32, 12.—With ab, nearest to, next to:

dactylus proximus a postremo,

next before, Cic. Or. 64, 217:

ut quisque proximus ab oppresso sit,

Liv. 37, 25:

proximus a dominā,

Ov. A. A. 1, 139:

proxima regio ab eā (urbe),

Curt. 10, 5, 18. —Hence, as subst.,

proxĭmus, i, m., a neighbor, a fellow-man, Val. Max. 6, 9 init.; Quint. Decl. 259.—As subst.,

proxĭmum, i, n., the neighborhood, vicinity:

vicinus e proximo,

hard by, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

aquam hinc de proximo rogabo,

from the house next door, id. Rud. 2, 3, 73:

cum in proximo hic sit aegra,

close by, next door, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6:

huic locum in proximum conduxi,

Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 4:

per impluvium huc despexi in proximum,

into our neighbor's, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 16.— Plur.:

traicit in proxima continentis,

Liv. 31, 46, 12.—

Trop.

Of time, the next preceding or following, the previous, last, the next, the following, ensuing:

quid proximā, quid superiore nocte egeris,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

his proximis Nonis, cum in hortos Bruti venissemus,

id. Lael. 2, 7:

Gabinius quem proximis superioribus diebus acerrime oppugnasset,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 20: se proximā nocte castra moturum, on the next, i.e. the following night, Caes. B. G. 1, 40 fin.; 2, 12; 3, 18; Liv. 2, 7, 1:

proximo anno,

Sall. J. 35, 2; Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 208:

in proxumum annum (se) transtulit,

Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

proximo, altero, tertio, denique reliquis consecutis diebus,

id. Phil. 1, 13, 32:

bello tanto majore quam proximo conatu apparatum est,

Liv. 4, 23, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.: IN DIEBVS V. PROXSVMEIS QVIBVS QVISQVE EORVM MAG (istratum) INIERIT, Tab. Bantin. lin. 14; so ib. lin. 12; Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2; id. Att. 11, 11, 1:

censor qui proximus ante me fuerat,

id. Sen. 12, 42: die proximi, old abl. form for proximo, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 24, 10, and ap. Non. 153, 11; cf.:

crastinus, pristinus, etc., but proximo a. d. VI. Kal. Octobr.,

recently, last of all, Cic. Att. 18, 5.—

In order of succession, rank, estimation, worth, etc., the next:

summa necessitudo videtur esse honestatis: huic proxima incolumitatis: tertia ac levissima commoditatis,

Cic. Inv. 2, 58, 173:

observat L. Domitium maxime, me habet proximum,

id. Att. 1, 1, 3:

proximos dentes eiciunt,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2:

prima vulnera... Proxima,

Ov. M. 3, 233:

proximos illi tamen occupavit Pallas honores,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 19: proximum est, ut, it follows that, remains that, the next point is: proximum est ergo, ut, opus fuerit classe necne quaeramus, we must next inquire, Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

proximum est, ut doceam, deorum providentiā mundum administrari,

id. N. D. 2, 29, 73.—Of value or quality, the next, most nearly approaching, most like or similar:

id habendum est antiquissimum et deo proximum, quod est optimum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

ficta voluptatis causā sint proxima veris,

Hor. A. P. 338:

proxima Phoebi Versibus ille facit,

Verg. E. 7, 22.— Comp.:

ut quorum abstinentiam interrupi, modum servem et quidem abstinentiae proximiorem,

Sen. Ep. 108, 16.—

In relationship, connection, or resemblance, the nearest, next, most nearly or closely related, next of kin, most like:

AGNATVS PROXIMVS, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: hic illi genere est proximus,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 17:

proximus cognatione,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144:

id des proximum,

id. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

proxima virtutibus vitia,

Quint. 10, 2, 16:

propinquitate,

Nep. Ages. 1, 3:

proximae necessitudines,

Petr. 116.— Comp.: si quis proximior cognatus nasceretur, Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.— Subst.: proxĭmi, ōrum, m., one's nearest relatives, next of kin:

injuriosi sunt in proximos,

Cic. Off. 1, 14, 44; Caes. Fragm. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 6; Phaedr. 5, 1, 16:

cum haec omnia cumulate tuis proximis plana fecero,

i.e. to your friends, intimates, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 64, § 165; id. Pis. 32, 79; Gell. 3, 8, 3.—

In gen., one's neighbor, fellow-man:

sive nostros status, sive proximorum ingenia contemplamur,

Val. Max. 6, 9, 1; Quint. Decl. 2, 59:

quis est mihi proximus?

Aug. in Psa. 118; Serm. 8, 2; 90, 7 init. —

That is nearest at hand, i. e. apt, fit, suitable, convenient, easy (anteand post-class.):

argumentum,

App. Mag. p. 278:

cum obvium proximumque esset dicere, etc.,

Gell. 3, 14, 12: eamus ad me;

ibi proximum est, ubi mutes,

there is the fittest, most convenient place, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64.— Adv.: proxĭmē (proxume; comp. proximius, v. below, 2. c.), nearest, very near, next.

Lit., of place, with dat. (not in Cic., rare in Livy):

quam proxime potest hostium castris castra communit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.; Liv. 25, 14, 4.—With acc.:

exercitum habere quam proxime hostem,

Cic. Att. 6, 5, 3:

proxime Pompeium sedebam,

id. ib. 1, 14, 3:

proxime Hispaniam Mauri sunt,

Sall. J. 19, 4.—With ab:

a Surā proxime est Philiscum oppidum Parthorum,

Plin. 5, 26, 21, § 89:

omnes tamen quam proxime alter ab altero debent habitare,

Col. 1, 6, 8.—

Trop.

Of time, shortly before or after, last, next:

civitates quae proxime bellum fecerant,

Caes. B. G. 3, 29:

Tito fratre suo censore, qui proximus ante me fuerat,

Cic. Sen. 12, 42; id. Part. 39, 137; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3:

cum proxime judices contrahentur,

id. ib. 5, 7, 3.—With acc.:

proxime abstinentiam sumendus est cibus exiguus,

Cels. 3, 2:

proxime solis occasum,

Pall. 9, 8, 5.—

Of order, rank, estimation, condition, etc., next to, next after, next:

proxime et secundum deos homines hominibus maxime utiles esse possunt,

Cic. Off. 2, 3, 1:

me huic tuae virtuti proxime accedere,

id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

proxime a nobilissimis viris,

Vell. 2, 124, 4; id. 2, 127, 1:

proxime valent cetera lauri genera,

Plin. 23, 8, 80, § 158: utilissimum esse omphacium;

proxime viride,

id. 23, 4, 39, § 79.—With acc.: esse etiam debent proxime hos cari, qui, etc., Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 2:

proxime morem Romanum,

closely following the Roman method, Liv. 24, 48, 11:

erat res minime certamini navali similis, proxime speciem muros oppugnantium navium,

closely resembling, id. 30, 10.—In this sense also with atque:

proxime atque ille aut aeque,

nearly the same as he, Cic. Fam. 9, 13, 2.—

Very closely, nicely, accurately:

ut proxime utriusque differentiam signem,

Quint. 6, 2, 20 Spald.; cf.:

analogia, quam proxime ex Graeco transferentes in Latinum proportionem vocaverunt,

id. 1, 6, 3. — Comp.:

nonne apertius, proximius, verius?

Min. Fel. Oct. 19.