imitated

candeo, ui, 2, v. n. [Sanscr candami, to be light; candra, the moon; connected with caneo as ardeo with areo], to be brilliant, glittering, to shine, glitter, glisten (cf. candidus and albus; mostly poet.).

Lit.

Verb finit.:

candet ebur soliis collucent pocula mensae,

Cat. 64, 45:

ubi canderet vestis,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 103:

stellarum turba crasso lumine candet,

Manil. 1, 753. —

Part. and P. a.: candens, entis, = candidus, shining. dazzling, white, bright, glowing:

candens lacteus umor,

the bright, milky fluid, Lucr. 1, 259:

marmor,

id. 2, 767:

lucidus aër,

id. 4, 341:

lumen solis,

id. 6, 1196:

lumen,

id. 5, 720:

luna,

Vitr. 9, 4:

ortus,

Tib. 4, 1, 65.— Comp.:

candentior Phoebus,

Val. Fl. 3, 481.— Sup.:

sidus candentissimum,

Sol. 52.—

Esp., = albus, white:

ut candens videatur et album,

Lucr. 2, 771:

lana,

Cat. 64, 318:

lacerti,

Tib. 1, 8, 33:

umeri,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 31:

vacca,

Verg. A. 4, 61:

taurus,

id. ib. 5, 236:

cygnus candenti corpore,

id. ib. 9, 563:

candenti elephanto,

i. e. ivory, id. ib. 6, 895:

saxa,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 26:

lilia,

Ov. M. 12, 411:

candida de nigris et de candentibus atra facere,

id. ib. 11, 315 al.—

Transf., to glow with heat, be glowing hot (sometimes also in prose).

Verb finit.:

siccis aër fervoribus ustus Canduit,

Ov. M. 1, 120; Col. 1, 4, 9.—

Part. and P. a.:

ut calidis candens ferrum e fornacibus olim Stridit,

as the glowing iron taken from the hot furnace hisses, Lucr. 6, 148; imitated by Ov. M. 9, 170: candenti ferro, Varr. R. R. Fragm. ap. Charis. p. 100 P.:

Dionysius candente carbone sibi adurebat capillum,

Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25:

candentes laminae,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 63, § 163 (al. ardentes); Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 36:

aqua candens,

Col. 6, 5, 2 (while Veg. 1, 17, 14, calens aqua). —

Trop., glowing with passion, excited (very rare):

cum viscera felle canduerint,

Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 226:

numquam Stilicho sic canduit ora,

id. Laud. Stil. 2, 82 (both of these examples are by some referred to candesco).

cānĭtĭes ( cānĭtĭa, Plin. 31, 7, 42, § 91; 11, 37, 64, § 169; cf. Charis. p. 41 P.), em, ē (other cases not in use), f. [canus], a gray or grayish-white color, hoariness ( poet. or in post-Aug. prose):

lupi,

Ov. M. 1, 238;

folia lanatiore canitie,

Plin. 21, 20, 84, § 147; 37, 11, 73, § 191:

sparsa marmoris,

id. 36, 7, 11, § 55.—Esp. freq. of the hair, Ov. M. 10, 425; 7, 289; Plin. 11, 37, 64, § 169; cf. id. 11, 37, 47, § 131.—Hence,

Transf.

(Abstr. pro concr.) Gray hair:

canitiem terră atque infuso pulvere foedans,

Cat. 64, 224; imitated by Ov. M. 8, 528; cf. also Verg. A. 12, 611:

canitiem multo deformat pulvere,

id. ib. 10, 844; 6, 300; Ov. M. 13, 492; Luc. 8, 57:

femina canitiem Germanis inficit herbis,

Ov. A. A. 3, 163.—

(Effect. pro causa.) A hoary age, old age (cf.:

canitiem sibi et longos promiserat annos,

Verg. A. 10, 549:

donec virenti canities abest Morosa,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 17; 2, 11, 8.

căper, pri, m. [cf. kapros, wild boar], a he-goat, a goat.

Lit., Col. 7, 6, 4; Verg. E. 7, 7; Hor. Epod. 10, 23; Ov. M. 15, 305; cf. Varr. ap. Gell. 9, 9;

sacrificed to Bacchus (because injurious to the vine),

Ov. M. 5, 329; 15, 114; Hor. C. 3, 8, 7.—

Transf., the odor of the armpits (cf. capra), Cat. 69, 6;

imitated by Ovid,

Ov. A. A. 3, 193.—

A star in the left shoulder of the constellation Auriga (also called capella), Manil. 2, 178; 2, 658; Col. 11, 2, 94.—

The name of a kind of fish found in the river Acheloüs said to make a grunting sound, Plin. 11, 51, 112, § 267.

carbo, ōnis, m. [Sanscr. c)ra, coquere; cf. cremo], a coal, charcoal (dead or burning); of dead coals, Cato, R. R. 38 fin.; Plaut. Truc. 5, 12; Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 63; Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 8 al.—Of glowing, burning coals, Cato, R. R. 108; Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 48; Lucr. 6, 802; Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25; Plin. 2, 20, 18, § 82; 16, 10, 19, § 45; Hor. C. 3, 8, 3 al.—

Meton.

From the black color of coals are derived the trop. expressions:

impleantur elogiorum meae fores carbonibus,

i.e. with scurrilous verses, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 73:

sanin cretā an carbone notati?

Hor. S, 2, 3, 246; imitated by Pers. 5, 108 (cf. opp. albus):

miror Proelia rubrica picta aut carbone,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 98.—

For something of little value; hence prov.: carbonem pro thesauro invenire, to be deceived in one ' s expectation, Phaedr. 5, 6, 6.—

A bad tumor, Ser. Samm. 39, 725; cf. carbunculus, C.

Carbo, ōnis, m., a Roman surname in the gens Papiria, Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 3; cf. Plin. 7, 16, 15, § 68 al.

carbo, ōnis, m. [Sanscr. c)ra, coquere; cf. cremo], a coal, charcoal (dead or burning); of dead coals, Cato, R. R. 38 fin.; Plaut. Truc. 5, 12; Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 63; Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 8 al.—Of glowing, burning coals, Cato, R. R. 108; Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 48; Lucr. 6, 802; Cic. Off. 2, 7, 25; Plin. 2, 20, 18, § 82; 16, 10, 19, § 45; Hor. C. 3, 8, 3 al.—

Meton.

From the black color of coals are derived the trop. expressions:

impleantur elogiorum meae fores carbonibus,

i.e. with scurrilous verses, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 73:

sanin cretā an carbone notati?

Hor. S, 2, 3, 246; imitated by Pers. 5, 108 (cf. opp. albus):

miror Proelia rubrica picta aut carbone,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 98.—

For something of little value; hence prov.: carbonem pro thesauro invenire, to be deceived in one ' s expectation, Phaedr. 5, 6, 6.—

A bad tumor, Ser. Samm. 39, 725; cf. carbunculus, C.

Carbo, ōnis, m., a Roman surname in the gens Papiria, Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 3; cf. Plin. 7, 16, 15, § 68 al.

carcer, ĕris, m. [Sicilian karkaron; cf. O. Müll. Etrusk. 1, p. 13; etym. dub.; cf. scrinium], an enclosed place; hence,

A prison, jail (syn.:

custodia, vincula): si tresviri me in carcerem conpegerint,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 3; id. Poen. 3, 3, 79; Lucr. 3, 1016; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 9, § 22 sq.; Liv. 6, 36, 112 al.:

carcer, quem vindicem scelerum majores nostri esse voluerunt,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27.

Poet., of the custody of the winds, Verg. A. 1, 54; Ov. M. 4, 663; 14, 224; id. F. 2, 456;

and of the lower world: carcer inferorum,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1222:

Ditis,

Luc. 6, 797.— Trop., of the chains of the body:

qui ex corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt,

Cic. Rep. 6, 14, 14; so id. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; Luc. 6, 721.—

Esp., the Roman State-prison, close to the Forum, at the foot of the Capitoline Hill, on the right of the Sacra Via, built by Ancus Marcius, Liv. 1, 33, 8; extended under ground by Servius Tullius; hence this part of the prison is called Tullianum. Varr. L. L. 5, § 151, p. 42 Bip.; Cic. Sull. 25, 70; Sall. C. 55, 3; Liv. 1, 33, 8; Tac. A. 3, 51 al.; cf.:

in inferiorem demissus carcerem,

Liv. 34, 44, 8:

in carcerem conditi,

id. 29, 22, 7; cf. also Fest. p. 356 Müll., and Becker. Antiq. 1, 262 sq.; v. also Tullianum and robur, II. A.—

Meton.

The imprisoned criminals: in me carcerem effudistis, [p. 291] Cic. Pis. 7, 16.—

As a term of reproach ( = carcerarius), jail-bird, scapegallows: carcer vix carcere dignus, Lucil. ap. Don. Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 26; Ter. Phorm. l. l.—

The barrier or starting-place in the race-course (opp. meta or calx; v. h. vv.); usu. in plur., carceres, Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Müll.; Lucr. 2, 264; 4, 990; Cic. Brut. 47, 173; Verg. G. 1, 512; * Hor. S. 1, 1, 114 al. —In sing. (mostly poet.), Enn. Ann. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (v. 88 Vahl.); Tib. 1, 4, 32 (imitated by Ov. H. 18, 166); Auct. Her. 4, 3, 4; Verg. G. 3, 104; id. A. 5, 145 Serv.; Ov. M. 10, 652; id. Tr. 5, 9, 29; 5, 12, 26; Suet. Caes. 21; Stat. Th. 6, 522.—

Trop., the commencement, beginning, of a course of action or of a condition:

a quibus carceribus decurrat ad metas,

Varr. R. R. 1, 3; so id. ib. 2, 7, 1:

ad carceres a calce revocari,

i.e. to begin life anew, Cic. Sen. 23, 83; cf.:

cum aequalibus, quibus cum tamquam e carceribus emissus sis,

id. Lael. 27, 101.

cassus, a, um, adj., empty, void, hollow.

Prop. (syn.: inanis, vacuus; mostly poet.).

Absol.:

nux,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 137; Hor. S. 2, 5, 36:

glans,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 37:

canna,

unfruitful, Ov. F. 6, 406:

granum inane cassumque,

Plin. 18, 17, 45, § 161: anulus, Fab. Pict. ap. Gell. 10, 15. 6.— Subst.: palearum cassa, Sol. c. 52 fin. —

Expressing that of which the subject is empty, etc., wanting, devoid of, deprived of, without.

With abl.: sanguine cassa (cochlea), bloodless, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 64, 133; so,

virgo dote cassa,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 14:

lumine aër,

Lucr. 4, 368:

lumine corpus,

id. 5, 719; 5, 757:

animā corpus,

id. 3, 562.— Poet.:

cassus lumine (= vitā),

deprived of life, dead, Verg. A. 2, 85; imitated by Stat. Th. 2, 15;

and in like sense aethere cassus,

Verg. A. 11, 104:

simulacra cassa sensu,

Lucr. 4, 127.—

With gen.:

cassus luminis ensis,

Cic. Arat. 369.—

With ab:

elementum ab omnibus,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 46.—

Trop., vain, empty, useless, futile, fruitless (syn.: inanis, irritus): cassum quiddam et inani vocis sono decoratum, * Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 119; so,

copia verborum,

Lucr. 4, 511:

vota,

Verg. A. 12, 780:

fertilitas terrae,

Ov. M. 5, 482:

fraus,

Luc. 5, 130:

consilia,

Sen. Troad. 570:

viae,

vain, profitless, Stat. Th. 11, 449:

labores,

Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 6:

manus,

without effect, Stat. Th. 9, 770:

augur futuri,

false, erring, id. ib. 9, 629:

omen,

id. ib. 5, 318.— Subst.: cassa, ōrum, n., empty things:

palearum,

Sol. 52;

esp. of speech: cassa memorare,

to talk idly, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 16; so,

cassa habebantur quae, etc.,

were thought vain, futile, Tac. H. 3, 55; Sen. Herc. Oet. 352.— Esp. freq. in poetry (in prose, but not in Cic.), in cassum, or, in one word, incas-sum, adverb., in vain, uselessly, to no purpose:

ex multis omnia in cassum cadunt,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 147; cf. Lucr. 2, 1165: temere, in cassum frustraque, without aim or purpose, fortuitously, id. 2, 1060; so id. 5, 1002; 5, 1430:

furere,

Verg. G. 3, 100:

longos ciebat Incassum fletus,

id. A. 3, 345:

tot incassum fusos patiere labores?

id. ib. 7, 421.—In prose:

quae profecto incassum agebantur,

Sall. H. 3, 61, 11 Dietsch:

vana incassum jactare tela,

Liv. 10, 29, 2:

incassum missae preces,

id. 2, 49, 8:

aliquid incassum disserere,

Tac. A. 1, 4; Just. 11, 15, 6; Lact. 6, 9, 17; Sen. Brev. Vit. 11, 1: frustra in cassumque. Mart. Cap. 1, § 10.— Also cassum: quid cassum times? Sen. Herc. Oet. 353; cf.: matên, frustra, nequicquam, cassum, Gloss. Cyrill.

cassus, a, um, adj., empty, void, hollow.

Prop. (syn.: inanis, vacuus; mostly poet.).

Absol.:

nux,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 137; Hor. S. 2, 5, 36:

glans,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 37:

canna,

unfruitful, Ov. F. 6, 406:

granum inane cassumque,

Plin. 18, 17, 45, § 161: anulus, Fab. Pict. ap. Gell. 10, 15. 6.— Subst.: palearum cassa, Sol. c. 52 fin. —

Expressing that of which the subject is empty, etc., wanting, devoid of, deprived of, without.

With abl.: sanguine cassa (cochlea), bloodless, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 64, 133; so,

virgo dote cassa,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 14:

lumine aër,

Lucr. 4, 368:

lumine corpus,

id. 5, 719; 5, 757:

animā corpus,

id. 3, 562.— Poet.:

cassus lumine (= vitā),

deprived of life, dead, Verg. A. 2, 85; imitated by Stat. Th. 2, 15;

and in like sense aethere cassus,

Verg. A. 11, 104:

simulacra cassa sensu,

Lucr. 4, 127.—

With gen.:

cassus luminis ensis,

Cic. Arat. 369.—

With ab:

elementum ab omnibus,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 46.—

Trop., vain, empty, useless, futile, fruitless (syn.: inanis, irritus): cassum quiddam et inani vocis sono decoratum, * Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 119; so,

copia verborum,

Lucr. 4, 511:

vota,

Verg. A. 12, 780:

fertilitas terrae,

Ov. M. 5, 482:

fraus,

Luc. 5, 130:

consilia,

Sen. Troad. 570:

viae,

vain, profitless, Stat. Th. 11, 449:

labores,

Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 6:

manus,

without effect, Stat. Th. 9, 770:

augur futuri,

false, erring, id. ib. 9, 629:

omen,

id. ib. 5, 318.— Subst.: cassa, ōrum, n., empty things:

palearum,

Sol. 52;

esp. of speech: cassa memorare,

to talk idly, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 16; so,

cassa habebantur quae, etc.,

were thought vain, futile, Tac. H. 3, 55; Sen. Herc. Oet. 352.— Esp. freq. in poetry (in prose, but not in Cic.), in cassum, or, in one word, incas-sum, adverb., in vain, uselessly, to no purpose:

ex multis omnia in cassum cadunt,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 147; cf. Lucr. 2, 1165: temere, in cassum frustraque, without aim or purpose, fortuitously, id. 2, 1060; so id. 5, 1002; 5, 1430:

furere,

Verg. G. 3, 100:

longos ciebat Incassum fletus,

id. A. 3, 345:

tot incassum fusos patiere labores?

id. ib. 7, 421.—In prose:

quae profecto incassum agebantur,

Sall. H. 3, 61, 11 Dietsch:

vana incassum jactare tela,

Liv. 10, 29, 2:

incassum missae preces,

id. 2, 49, 8:

aliquid incassum disserere,

Tac. A. 1, 4; Just. 11, 15, 6; Lact. 6, 9, 17; Sen. Brev. Vit. 11, 1: frustra in cassumque. Mart. Cap. 1, § 10.— Also cassum: quid cassum times? Sen. Herc. Oet. 353; cf.: matên, frustra, nequicquam, cassum, Gloss. Cyrill.

cassus, a, um, adj., empty, void, hollow.

Prop. (syn.: inanis, vacuus; mostly poet.).

Absol.:

nux,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 137; Hor. S. 2, 5, 36:

glans,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 37:

canna,

unfruitful, Ov. F. 6, 406:

granum inane cassumque,

Plin. 18, 17, 45, § 161: anulus, Fab. Pict. ap. Gell. 10, 15. 6.— Subst.: palearum cassa, Sol. c. 52 fin. —

Expressing that of which the subject is empty, etc., wanting, devoid of, deprived of, without.

With abl.: sanguine cassa (cochlea), bloodless, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 64, 133; so,

virgo dote cassa,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 14:

lumine aër,

Lucr. 4, 368:

lumine corpus,

id. 5, 719; 5, 757:

animā corpus,

id. 3, 562.— Poet.:

cassus lumine (= vitā),

deprived of life, dead, Verg. A. 2, 85; imitated by Stat. Th. 2, 15;

and in like sense aethere cassus,

Verg. A. 11, 104:

simulacra cassa sensu,

Lucr. 4, 127.—

With gen.:

cassus luminis ensis,

Cic. Arat. 369.—

With ab:

elementum ab omnibus,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 46.—

Trop., vain, empty, useless, futile, fruitless (syn.: inanis, irritus): cassum quiddam et inani vocis sono decoratum, * Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 119; so,

copia verborum,

Lucr. 4, 511:

vota,

Verg. A. 12, 780:

fertilitas terrae,

Ov. M. 5, 482:

fraus,

Luc. 5, 130:

consilia,

Sen. Troad. 570:

viae,

vain, profitless, Stat. Th. 11, 449:

labores,

Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 6:

manus,

without effect, Stat. Th. 9, 770:

augur futuri,

false, erring, id. ib. 9, 629:

omen,

id. ib. 5, 318.— Subst.: cassa, ōrum, n., empty things:

palearum,

Sol. 52;

esp. of speech: cassa memorare,

to talk idly, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 16; so,

cassa habebantur quae, etc.,

were thought vain, futile, Tac. H. 3, 55; Sen. Herc. Oet. 352.— Esp. freq. in poetry (in prose, but not in Cic.), in cassum, or, in one word, incas-sum, adverb., in vain, uselessly, to no purpose:

ex multis omnia in cassum cadunt,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 147; cf. Lucr. 2, 1165: temere, in cassum frustraque, without aim or purpose, fortuitously, id. 2, 1060; so id. 5, 1002; 5, 1430:

furere,

Verg. G. 3, 100:

longos ciebat Incassum fletus,

id. A. 3, 345:

tot incassum fusos patiere labores?

id. ib. 7, 421.—In prose:

quae profecto incassum agebantur,

Sall. H. 3, 61, 11 Dietsch:

vana incassum jactare tela,

Liv. 10, 29, 2:

incassum missae preces,

id. 2, 49, 8:

aliquid incassum disserere,

Tac. A. 1, 4; Just. 11, 15, 6; Lact. 6, 9, 17; Sen. Brev. Vit. 11, 1: frustra in cassumque. Mart. Cap. 1, § 10.— Also cassum: quid cassum times? Sen. Herc. Oet. 353; cf.: matên, frustra, nequicquam, cassum, Gloss. Cyrill.

circum-fundo, fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a., lit. to pour out around, i.e. as in circumdo, either with the acc. of that which is poured, to pour around; or, with the acc. of that around which something is poured, to surround with a liquid (class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.

With acc. of the liquid poured (with or without dat. of the object around which):

amurcam ad oleam circumfundito,

Cato, R. R. 93:

Tigris urbi circumfunditur,

surrounds, flows round the town, Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 132.— More freq. in part. perf. pass.:

mare circumfusum urbi,

the sea flowing around the town, Liv. 30, 9, 12:

gens circumfusis invia fluminibus,

Ov. F. 5, 582:

circumfusus nobis spiritus,

Quint. 12, 11, 13:

nec circumfuso pendebat in aëre tellus,

circumambient, Ov. M. 1, 12; imitated by Tib. 4, 1, 151.—

Reflex.: circumfudit se repente nubes,

Lact. 4, 21, 1.—Once mid.: cum fervet (lac), ne circumfundatur, etc., pour itself out around, i. e. run over, Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 126; cf.:

circumfusa nubes,

Verg. A. 1, 586.—

With acc. of the object around which, etc., with or without abl. of the fluid:

(mortuum) cerā circumfuderunt,

Nep. Ages. 8, 7:

terram crassissimus circumfundit aër,

encompasses, envelops, Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

terra circumfusa illo mari, quem oceanum appellatis,

id. Rep. 6, 20, 21:

et multo nebulae circum dea fudit amictu (tmesis),

Verg. A. 1, 412:

quas circumfuderat atra tempestas,

Sil. 7, 723.—

Transf. to objects that do not flow, esp. if there is a great multitude, as it were, heaped upon a thing.

(Acc. to I. 1.) Mid., to press upon, crowd around, embrace closely, cling to (freq. in the histt.):

circumfunduntur ex reliquis hostes partibus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 37; 7, 28; id. B. C. 3. 63:

equites infestis cuspidibus circumfunduntur,

Liv. 10, 36, 9; 25, 34, 9; 27, 19, 3;

44, 23, 8: (Nymphae) circumfusae Dianam Corporibus texere suis,

surrounding, Ov. M. 3, 180:

multitudo circumfusa,

Caes. B. G. 6, 34; Liv. 2, 28, 6; 4, 46, 6; Curt. 8, 14, 31; Quint. 4, 2, 37.—With the dat. of that upon which a multitude presses:

circumfundebantur obviis sciscitantes,

Liv. 22, 7, 11; 22, 14, 15; 26, 27, 10;

29, 34, 14 al.: circumfusa turba lateri meo,

id. 6, 15, 9: ut lateribus circumfundi posset equitatus. Curt. 3, 9, 12. —With acc. (depending on circum): Pacidiussuos equites exporrigere coepit... uthaberent facultatem turmas Julianas circumfundi, to surround, encompass them, Auct. B. Afr. 78 Oud. N. cr. — Poet. also of a single person: et nunc hac juveni, nunc circumfunditur illac, i. e. clings to, or closely embraces him, Ov. M. 4, 360; 14, 354; cf. with acc.:

hunc (sc. Mavortem), tu, diva, tuo recubantem corpore sancto circumfusa super,

Lucr. 1, 40.—

So once in the active voice, absol.:

circumfudit eques,

Tac. A. 3, 46.—

Trop.:

undique circumfusae molestiae,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 41, 121:

non est tantum ab hostibus aetati nostrae periculum, quantum ab circumfusis undique voluptatibus, Liv 30, 14, 6: circumfuso nitore,

Quint. 4, 1, 59.—

(Acc. to I. 2.) To enclose, environ, surround, overwhelm:

circumfusus publicorum praesidiorum copiis,

Cic. Mil. 26, 71:

praefectum castrorum circumfundunt,

Tac. A. 12, 38; so id. H. 2, 19; 4, 20; id. A. 13, 40; Plin. [p. 339] 5, 12, 13, § 67; Sil. 7, 306:

circumfusus hostium concursu,

Nep. Chabr. 4, 2:

M. Catonem vidi in bibliothecā sedentem, multis circumfusum Stoicorum libris,

Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 7; Quint. 9, 4, 91, Curt. 3, 11, 4:

amplexibus alicujus,

Vell. 2, 123, 3:

X. milia Bojorum alio latere quam exspectabatur missis legionibus circumfudit,

Front. 1, 2, 7.—

Trop.:

cum has terras incolentes circumfusi erant caligine,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 45:

latent ista omnia crassis occultata et circumfusa tenebris,

id. Ac. 2, 39, 122:

ut, quantā luce ea circumfusa sunt, possint agnoscere,

id. ib. 2, 15, 46:

eos stultitiā obruit, tenebris circumfundit,

Lact. 3, 29, 14:

circumfundit, aliquem multo splendore,

Sen. Tranq. 1, 9.

consĭlĭum, ii, n. [from con and root sal-; Sanscr. sar-; cf. consul], deliberation, consultation, a considering together, counsel (cf. concilium; very freq. in all periods and species of composition).

Prop.:

consulta sunt consilia,

are finished, at an end, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 7:

quid in consilio consuluistis?

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 6 Ritschl:

consilium volo capere unā tecum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 66:

neque pol consili locum habeo neque ad auxilium copiam,

id. And. 2, 1, 20:

cum aliquo consilia conferre,

Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 38 (v. confero, I. B.):

saepe in senatu consilia versata sunt,

Quint. 12, 2, 21; 7, 4, 2:

quasi vero consilii sit res, et non necesse sit, etc.,

as if the matter were yet open for deliberation, Caes. B. G. 7, 38; cf. Nep. Con. 4, 2:

quid efficere possis, tui consilii est,

is for you to consider, Cic. Fam. 3, 2, 2:

vestrum jam consilium est. non solum meum, quid sit vobis faciendum,

id. ib. 14, 14, 1: quid aetati credendum sit, quid nomini, magni consilii est, id. Att. 15, 12, 2; cf.:

nihil mihi adhuc accidit, quod majoris consilii esset,

id. ib. 10, 1, 3:

in consilio habere,

Quint. 8, 2, 23:

fit publici consilii particeps,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 2; cf. Quint. 12, 3, 1; 3, 8, 4:

nocturna,

Sall. C. 42, 2:

arcanis ut interesset,

Liv. 35, 18, 2 et saep.—

Meton.

In abstr.

A conclusion made with consideration, a determination, resolution, measure, plan, purpose, intention, Quint. 6, 5, 3; cf.:

consilium est aliquid faciendi aut non faciendi excogitata ratio,

Cic. Inv. 1, 25, 36; 2, 9, 31:

certum,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 16:

callidum,

id. ib. 3, 4, 10:

ut sunt Gallorum subita et repentina consilia,

Caes. B. G. 3, 8:

aliquid communi consilio agere,

id. ib.:

consilium communicaverunt perfeceruntque,

Suet. Calig. 56:

aedificandi consilium abicere,

Cic. Att. 5, 11, 6; Liv. 33, 41, 5; Tac. A. 4, 4:

deponere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 103.—And of the purpose. as opp. to the act, etc.:

quod initio scripsi, totius facti tui judicium non tam ex consilio tuo quam ex eventu homines esse facturos,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 5:

quasi exitus rerum, non hominum consilia, legibus vindicentur,

id. Mil. 7, 19:

mentem peccare, non corpus, et unde consilium afuerit culpam abesse,

Liv. 1, 58, 9. —Often with epithets characterizing the person who forms the purpose, etc.:

amentissimum,

Cic. Att. 7, 10 init.:

audax,

Liv. 25, 38, 18; 35, 32, 13:

fortissima cousilia,

id. 25, 38, 18:

fidele,

Cic. Agr. 2, 3, 5; Curt. 6, 4, 8:

providens,

Gell. 3, 7, 8:

malum,

id. 4, 5, 5:

temerarium,

Vell. 2, 120, 2:

incautum,

Cic. Att. 8, 9, 3:

lene,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 41:

praeceps,

Suet. Aug. 8:

repudio quod consilium primum intenderam,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 18:

eo consilio, uti frumento Caesarem intercluderet,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48; 2, 9; Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 72 fin.; Sall. C. 57, 1:

quo consilio huc imus?

Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 1;

also: hoc consilio ut,

Nep. Milt. 5, 3: privato consilio, on one's own account (opp. publico consilio, in the name or behalf of the state):

qui contra consulem privato consilio exercitus comparaverunt,

Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; Caes. B. C. 3, 14; Nep. Pelop. 1, 2.—Sometimes absol. consilio adverbially, intentionally, designedly:

casu potius quam consilio,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 8:

consul, seu forte, seu consilio, Venusiam perfugit,

Liv. 22, 49, 14; 35, 14, 4; Verg. A. 7, 216.—

Esp. in the phrases,

Consilium capere, to form a purpose or plan, to resolve, decide, determine:

neque, quid nunc consili capiam, scio, De virgine istac,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 27: consilium capere with a gen. gerund., Caes. B. G. 3, 2; 5, 29; Cic. Att. 5, 11, 6; Liv. 39, 51, 3; 43, 3, 7; 35, 34, 4; 10, 38, 6; Sall. C. 16, 4; Curt. 8, 6, 8; 8, 7, 1; Tac. A. 6, 26; Suet. Vesp. 6; Quint. 11, 3, 180; Just. 2, 13, 5; 34, 4, 1; cf. with gen.:

profectionis et reversionis meae,

Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 1.—With inf., Cic. Quint. 16, 53 fin.; Caes. B. G. 7, 71; Nep. Lys. 3, 1; Liv. 44, 11, 6 al.—With ut:

capio consilium, ut senatum congerronum convocem,

Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 8:

consilium ceperunt plenum sceleris, ut nomen hujus deferrent,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28; id. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 140:

consilium cepi, ut antequam luceret exirem,

id. Att. 7. 10; id. Tull. 14, 34; Liv. 25, 34, 7.—And with inf.:

consilium cepit... iter in urbem patefacere,

Liv. 44, 11, 7:

hominis fortunas evertere,

Cic. Quint. 16, 53:

Heraclius capit consilium... non adesse ad judicium,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 17, § 41:

ex oppido profugere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 26; 7, 71; Just. 35, 1, 3.—

In the same sense, inire consilium, with similar construction:

inita sunt consilia urbis delendae,

Cic. Mur. 37, 80; 38, 81:

regni occupandi consilium inire,

Liv. 2, 8, 2; 6, 17, 7; 7, 38, 5:

jus gentium cujus violandi causā consilium initum erat,

id. 38, 25, 8; 4, 11, 4:

sceleris conandi consilia inierat,

Vell. 2, 35, 5; 2, 80, 6:

Graeci consilium ineunt interrumpendi pontis,

Just. 2, 13, 5; Suet. Calig. 48:

iniit consilia reges Lacedaemoniorum tollere,

Nep. Lys. 3, 1:

consilia inibat, quemadmodum, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 43:

de bello consilia inire incipiunt,

id. ib. 7, 1:

cum de recuperandā libertate consilium initum videretur,

id. ib. 5, 27:

consilia inita de regno,

Liv. 4, 15, 4:

atrox consilium init, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 41.—

Freq. consilium est, with and without inf., I purpose:

ita facere,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 73; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 44; Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1; Sall. C. 4, 1; 53, 6; Liv. 21, 63, 2; Sall. H. Fragm. 4, 61, 16 Dietsch. —Rarely with ut:

ut filius Cum illà habitet... hoc nostrum consilium fuit,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 41:

ea uti acceptā mercede deseram, non est consilium,

Sall. J. 85, 8; and absol.:

quid sui consilii sit, ostendit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 21.—Hence,

In partic., in milit. lang., a warlike measure, device, stratagem: consilium imperatorium quod Graeci stratêgêma appellant, Cic. N. D. 3, 6, 15; so Caes. B. G. 7, 22; Nep. Dat. 6, 8; id. Iphicr. 1, 2; cf.:

opportunus consiliis locus (= insidiis),

Quint. 5, 10, 37.—

With special reference to the person for whose advantage a measure is devised, counsel, advice:

tu quidem antehac aliis solebas dare consilia mutua,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 98; so,

dare,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 9:

quid das consili?

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 93:

Cethegum minus ei fidele consilium dedisse,

Cic. Clu. 31, 85:

vos lene consilium datis,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 41; 3, 5, 45 et saep.:

juvabo aut re aut operā aut consilio bono,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 17;

imitated by Ter.: aut consolando aut consilio aut re juvero,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 34 (quoted ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 10, 4); cf. Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 29; Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 2; 15, 2, 2; id. Att. 13, 31, 3:

te hortor ut omnia moderere prudentiā tuā, ne te auferant aliorum consilia,

id. Fam. 2, 7, 1:

sin aliquid impertivit tibi sui consilii,

id. ib. 5, 2, 9:

consiliis, non curribus utere nostris,

Ov. M. 2, 146:

facile ratio tam salubris consilii accepta est,

Curt. 3, 7, 10:

saniora consilia pati,

id. 4, 1, 9.—

As a mental quality, understanding, judgment, wisdom, sense, penetration, prudence:

et dominari in corpore toto Consilium quod nos animum mentemque vocamus,

Lucr. 3, 139; 3, 450:

acta illa res est animo virili, consilio puerili,

Cic. Att. 14, 21, 3; cf. id. Caecin. 7, 18:

ut popularis cupiditas a consilio principum dissideret,

id. Sest. 49, 103:

majore studio quam consilio ad bellum proficisci,

Sall. H. 2, 96, 4 Dietsch:

res forte quam consilio melius gestae,

id. J. 92, 6:

quae quanto consilio gerantur, nullo consilio adsequi possumus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97:

simul consilium cum re amisisti?

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 10; cf.:

miseros prudentia prima relinquit, Et sensus cum re consiliumque fugit,

Ov. P. 4, 12, 48:

mulieres omnes propter infirmitatem consilii majores in tutorum potestate esse voluerunt,

Cic. Mur. 12, 27:

vir et consilii magni et virtutis,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5:

cum plus in illo senili animo non consilii modo sed etiam virtutis esse dicerent,

Liv. 4, 13, 13; so,

tam iners, tam nulli consili Sum,

Ter. And. 3, 5, 2:

est hoc principium improbi animi, miseri ingenii, nulli consilii,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 48:

omnes gravioris aetatis, in quibus aliquid consilii aut dignitatis fuit,

Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. Ov. M. 6, 40:

misce stultitiam consiliis brevem,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 27:

quae res in se neque consilium neque modum Habet ullum, eam consilio regere non potes,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 13. —

Poet., transf., of inanim. things:

consilii inopes ignes,

indiscreet, Ov. M. 9, 746:

vis consili expers,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 65; id. S. 2, 3, 266.—

In concr., the persons who deliberate, a council; of the Roman senate:

senatum, id est orbis terrae consilium, delere gestit,

Cic. Phil. 4, 6, 14; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; id. de Or. 2, 82, 333; id. Sest. 65, 137:

summum consilium orbis terrae,

id. Phil. 7, 7, 19; Liv. 1, 8, 7; 23, 22, 2; Vell. 1, 8, 6:

di prohibeant, ut hoc, quod majores consilium publicum vocari voluerunt, praesidium sectorum existimetur,

i. e. a court of justice, Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151; cf.:

qui ex civitate in senatum propter dignitatem, ex senatu in hoc consilium delecti estis propter severitatem,

id. ib. 3, 8.—Of the division of the centumviri, who sat for ordinary cases in four consilia:

sedebant centum et octoginta judices, tot enim quattuor consiliis colliguntur,

Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 2:

omnibus non solum consiliis sed etiam sententiis superior discessit,

Val. Max. 7, 7, 1:

Galba consilio celeriter convocato sententias exquirere coepit,

a council of war, Caes. B. G. 3, 3; cf.:

consilio advocato,

Liv. 25, 31, 3; 43, 22, 9 al.:

castrense,

id. 44, 35, 4:

mittunt (Carthaginienses) triginta seniorum principes: id erat sanctius apud illos consilium,

id. 30, 16, 3; cf. id. 35, 34, 2:

consilium Jovis,

Hor. C. 3, 25, 6:

bonorum atque sapientium,

Quint. 3, 8, 2 al. —

Facetiously:

paulisper tace, Dum ego mihi consilia in animum convoco, et dum consulo,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 44.—

(Acc. to II. A. [p. 433] 1. c.) A counsellor:

ille ferox hortator pugnae consiliumque fuit,

Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 32:

Clymene, Aethraque, Quae mihi sunt comites consiliumque duae,

id. H. 16 (17), 268; id. F. 3, 276.

contemptim ( - temt-), adv. [contemno], contemptuously, with contempt, scornfully (a favorite word of Livy; elsewhere rare): superbiter contemptim conterit legiones, Naev. ap. Non. p. 516, 1;

imitated: ne nos tam contemptim conteras,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 34:

magnifice de se ac contemptim de Romanis loquentes,

Liv. 9, 41, 9:

superbe quaedam et contemptim in se contionantem,

id. 37, 10, 2; 2, 35, 3; 2, 56, 12:

morte consulis succedentes ad castra Romana,

id. 7, 7, 2; 6, 38, 8 Drak.: a Dioxippo contemptim militarem eludente ferociam, * Curt. 9, 7, 19; Tac. H. 3, 9 fin.; 3, 58 fin.:

vagabantur barbari,

id. ib. 3, 47 Orell. N. cr. —

Poet., transf. of an inanimate subject: e summo, quasi fulmen, deicit ictos Invidia contemptim in Tartara, * Lucr. 5, 1126.

contemptim ( - temt-), adv. [contemno], contemptuously, with contempt, scornfully (a favorite word of Livy; elsewhere rare): superbiter contemptim conterit legiones, Naev. ap. Non. p. 516, 1;

imitated: ne nos tam contemptim conteras,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 34:

magnifice de se ac contemptim de Romanis loquentes,

Liv. 9, 41, 9:

superbe quaedam et contemptim in se contionantem,

id. 37, 10, 2; 2, 35, 3; 2, 56, 12:

morte consulis succedentes ad castra Romana,

id. 7, 7, 2; 6, 38, 8 Drak.: a Dioxippo contemptim militarem eludente ferociam, * Curt. 9, 7, 19; Tac. H. 3, 9 fin.; 3, 58 fin.:

vagabantur barbari,

id. ib. 3, 47 Orell. N. cr. —

Poet., transf. of an inanimate subject: e summo, quasi fulmen, deicit ictos Invidia contemptim in Tartara, * Lucr. 5, 1126.

con-tĕro, trīvi (rarely conterui, App. M. 8, p. 212, 12; Ven. Fort. C. 6, 4, 33), trītum, 3, v. a., to grind, bruise, pound, to crumble, separate into small pieces.

Prop. (so freq. in medic. lang.):

medium scillae cum aquā ad mellis crassitudinem,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 8:

cornua cervi,

Ov. Med. Fac. 60:

horrendis infamia pabula sucis,

id. M. 14, 44:

radicem aridam in pulverem,

Plin. 26, 11, 70, § 113:

fracta, contrita,

Lucr. 4, 697.—Far more freq. and class. in prose and poetry,

Transf., to diminish by rubbing, to waste, destroy (cf.: conficio, consumo, etc.), to rub off, wear out.

Of material objects:

latera tua,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 13:

boves et vires agricolarum (followed by conficere),

Lucr. 2, 1161; cf.:

conteritur ferrum, silices tenuantur ab usu,

Ov. A. A. 3, 91: superbiter contemptim conterit legiones, Naev. ap. Non. p. 516, 1;

humorously imitated: ne nos tam contemptim conteras,

treat contemptuously, Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 34; and:

conteris Tu tuā me oratione, mulier,

you wear me out, id. Cist. 2, 3, 65 (cf. B. 1. b. infra):

corpora ipsa ac manus silvis ac paludibus emuniendis inter verbera ac contumelias conterunt,

Tac. Agr. 31:

heri in tergo meo Tris facile corios contrivisti bubulos,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 11:

Viam Sacram,

to tread upon frequently, Prop. 2 (3), 23, 15: Paideian Kurou legendo, i. e. to wear out with reading, Cic. Fam. 9, 25, 1:

supellectilem pluribus et diversis officiis,

to wear out by use, Quint. 2, 4, 29.—In mal. part.:

aliquas indigno quaestu, i. e. prostituere,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 44; cf.

tero.—Prov.: is vel Herculi conterere quaestum possiet,

squander the greatest possible fortune, Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 68 Lorenz ad loc.—

Of immaterial objects.

Most freq. (like the simple verb) of time, to waste, consume, spend, pass, employ, in a good and bad sense (cf. Sall. C. 4, 1 Kritz); constr. with in and abl. or the abl. only, with dum, or absol.

With in:

aetatem in pistrino,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 11:

vitam atque aetatem meam in quaerendo,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 15:

aetatem in litibus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53:

omne otiosum tempus in studiis,

id. Lael. 27, 104:

diem in eā arte,

Prop. 2, 1, 46.—

With abl.:

totum hunc diem cursando atque ambulando,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 17:

majorem aevi partem somno,

Lucr. 3, 1047:

tempora spectaculis, etc.,

Quint. 1, 12, 18:

diei brevitatem conviviis, longitudinem noctis stupris et flagitiis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 26:

bonum otium socordiā atque desidiā,

Sall. C. 4, 1.—

With dum:

contrivi diem, Dum asto, etc.,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 4.—

Absol.:

vitae modum,

Prop. 1, 7, 9.—

Transf. to the person:

se, ut Plato, in musicis, geometriā, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 72; cf.

in medial form: cum in causis et in negotiis et in foro conteramur,

id. de Or. 1, 58, 249; id. Caecin. 5, 14.—

In gen.:

operam,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 54; cf.:

operam frustra,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 31:

quae sunt horum temporum,

to exhaust, Cic. Att. 9, 4, 1.—

Trop.:

ejus omnis gravissimas injurias quasi voluntariā oblivione,

to obliterate from the memory, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 20: quam (dignitatem virtutis) reliquā ex collatione, facile est conterere atque contemnere, to tread under foot by comparison (opp. in caelum efferre), id. Tusc. 5, 30, 85.—Hence, contrītus, a, um, P. a., worn out, trite, common (mostly in Cic.):

proverbium vetustate,

Cic. Fin. 2, 16, 52:

praecepta (connected with communia),

id. de Or. 1, 31, 138:

contritum et contemptum praemium,

id. Sest. 40, 86.

con-vīcĭum (less correctly, acc. to Brambach, convītĭum, but preferred by B. and K., and by recent editors of Plaut. and Ter.), ii, n. [most prob. kindr. with vox; cf. Dig. 47, 10, 15, § 4; Paul. ex Fest. p. 41, 20], a loud noise, a cry, clamor, outcry (class.).

In gen.:

ne clamorem hic facias neu convitium,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 33; cf.:

erant autem convivia non illo silentio... sed cum maximo clamore atque convitio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28:

facere,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 26 Ruhnk.:

cantorum,

Cic. Sest. 55, 118:

mulierum, id. Fragm. ap. Aquil. Rom. p. 144 (187 Frotsch.): humanae linguae,

Ov. M. 11, 601.—Of frogs (with clamor), Phaedr. 1, 6, 5; Col. 10, 12. —Of the cicadæ, Phaedr. 3, 16, 3.—

In partic.

The sound of wrangling, the cry of altercation or contention:

ubi et animus ex hoc forensi strepitu reficiatur et aures convitio defessae conquiescant,

Cic. Arch. 6, 12.—

An urgent, clamorous importunity:

epistulam hanc convitio efflagitarunt codicilli tui,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 11, 1; imitated by Quint. Ep. ad Tryph. 1; cf. also id. ib. 4, 5, 10.—

A loud, violent disapprobation or contradiction:

omnium vestrum,

Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125:

senatūs,

id. Pis. 26, 63.— Most freq.,

Loud, violent reproaching, abuse, reviling, insult: maledictio nihil habet propositi praeter contumeliam: quae si petulantius jactatur, convitium; si facetius urbanitas nominatur, Cic. Cael. 3, 6: Pompeius apud populum... cum pro Milone diceret, clamore convitioque jactatus est. id. Fam. 1, 5, b, 1:

cum ei magnum convitium fieret cuncto a senatu,

id. ib. 10, 16, 1:

alicui convitium facere,

id. Att. 1, 14, 5 bis; Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 11; Cic. Off. 3, 21, 83; Liv. 3, 48, 1; Sen. Ep. 15, 8; id. Ben. 7, 25, 2; Quint. 4, 2, 27; 6, 2, 16 al.; Hor. S. 1, 5, 11; Ov. M. 6, 210 et saep.—

Of inanim. subjects:

aurium,

censure, reproof, correction, Cic. Or. 48, 160: tacitum cogitationis, in thought, Q. Cic. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 26, 1:

cave ne eosdem illos libellos... convicio scazontes extorqueant,

Plin. Ep. 5, 11, 2.—

Meton.

The object of reproach:

convitium tot me annos jam se pascere,

Plaut. Merc. prol. 55.—

Of mockingbirds:

nemorum convicia, picae,

Ov. M. 5, 676.

Crēta, ae (nom. Crētē, Mel. 2, 7, 12; Ov. M. 8, 118; 9, 668; 9, 735; acc. Creten, id. ib. 8, 99; Hor. C. 3, 27, 34 al.;

on the contrary, Cretam,

Verg. A. 3, 129 al.), f., = Krêtê, Crete, an island in the Mediterranean Sea, distinguished in ancient times by its fruitfulness and very early cultivation, now Candia, Mel. l. l.; Plin. 4, 12, 20, § 58; Verg. A. 3, 104; Hor. Epod. 9, 29; Cic. Fl. 13, 30; id. Phil. 2, 38, 97; Vell. 2, 34, 1; Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6; Plin. 15, 11, 10, § 37.— Hence,

Crēs, Crētis, m., and Cressa, ae, f., = Krês, Krêssa, Cretan; or as subst., a Cretan; a Cretan woman.

Masc. Cres:

Epimenides,

Cic. Div. 1, 18, 34.—In plur. Cretes, the Cretans, Cic. Mur. 35, 74; Ov. Am. 3, 10, 19; gen. Cretum, Cic. Tusc. 2, 14, 34; Cat. 55, 23; Ov. F. 1, 594 al.; acc. Cretăs, Caes. B. G. 2, 7; Mel. 1, 16, 1; Ov. H. 16, 348; Luc. 4, 441 al.—

Fem. Cressa, adj.:

pharetra,

Verg. G. 3, 345: nota, made with Cretan earth or chalk (v. 2. Creta, II.), Hor. C. 1, 36, 10:

herbae, for healing in gen.,

Prop. 2, 1, 61 (acc. to Serv. ad Verg. A. 12, 412, perh. for dictamnus): bos, i. e. Pasiphaë (q. v.), id. 4 (5), 7, 57.—Subst. for Ariadne, Ov. Am. 1, 7, 16; for Aĕrope, id. A. A. 1, 327.—

Crēsĭus (in MSS. and edd. also Cressĭus; cf. Verg. A. 5, 285 Wagn.), a, um, adj., = Krê:sios, Cretan:

nemora,

Verg. A. 4, 70:

prodigia, i. e. taurus (v. C.),

id. ib. 8, 295:

regna,

Ov. H. 16, 299:

tecta,

Stat. Th. 12, 582 al. —

Crētaeus, a, um, adj., Cretan:

Ida,

Verg. A. 12, 412:

urbes,

Ov. M. 9, 666:

ratis,

Prop. 3 (4), 19, 26:

taurus,

the bullock which Neptune sent to Minos, Ov. M. 7, 434.— Subst.: Crētaeus, i, m., the Cretan, for Epimenides, Prop. 2, 34 (25), 29.—

Crētānus, i, m., a Cretan (prob. a word coined in sport), Plaut. Curc. 3, 73.—

Crētensis, e, adj., Cretan:

homo, judex,

Cic. Phil. 5, 5, 13 and 14:

Juppiter,

id. N. D. 3, 21, 53:

sagittarii,

Liv. 37, 41, 9 et saep.—In plur.: Crētenses, ium, m., the Cretans ( renowned as archers), Nep. Hann. 9, 2; Liv. 37, 60, 4; 41, 25, 7 al.—

Crētĭcus

, a, um, adj., Cretan:

mare,

Hor. C. 1, 26, 2:

vinum,

Plin. 14, 9, 11, § 81:

labyrinthus,

id. 36, 13, 19, § 90:

bellum,

Flor. 3, 7:

pes,

an amphimacrus, Diom. p. 475 P. al.: versus, composed of the amphimacrus, id. p. 513 ib. al.—

Subst.

Crētĭcus, i, m., a surname of Q. Metellus, from his subjugation of Crete, Flor. 3, 7 fin.; 3, 8, 1; Vell. 2, 34; Cic. Att. 1, 19, 2; cf. id. Fl. 13, 30; Ov. F. 1, 594.—

Crētĭca, ae, f., a plant, called also clematitis, Plin. 25, 8, 54, § 96.—

In the Gr. form Crētĭcē, ēs, f., a plant, called also hibiscus, App. Herb. 38 and 62.—

Crētis, ĭdis, f., a Cretan (woman):

Nymphae,

Ov. F. 3, 444.

crēta, ae, f. [orig. adj., from 1. Creta], Cretan earth, i. e. chalk, white earth or clay.

Prop., Plin. 35, 17, 57, § 195 sq.; Cato, R. R. 39, 2; Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 8 al.;

esp. used for cleansing garments,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 9, 6.—Hence, trop.:

creta est profecto horum hominum oratio,

i. e. removes all trouble from the mind, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 10 sq. —

Also used as a cosmetic,

Hor. Epod. 12, 10; Mart. 6, 93, 9; 8, 33, 17 al.;

for seals,

Cic. Fl. 16, 37; cf. cretula, for marking the goal in a race-course, Plin. 8, 42, 65, § 160;

for the making of earthen vessels,

Col. 3, 11, 9; Plin. 14, 20, 25, § 123 et saep.— Poet.:

rapidus cretae Oaxes,

turbulent, Verg. E. 1, 66 Rib. (dub. al. Cretae; v. Forbig. ad loc.). —

From its whiteness is borrowed the trope for something favorable or lucky (opp. carbo), Hor. S. 2, 3, 246; imitated by Pers. 5, 108.