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  • 61 गो _gō

    गो m. f. (Nom. गौः) [गच्छत्यनेन, गम् करणे डो Tv.]
    1 Cattle, kine (pl.)
    -2 Anything coming from a cow; such as milk, flesh, leather &c.
    -3 The stars; वि रश्मिभिः ससृजे सूर्यो गाः Rv.7.36.1.
    -4 The sky.
    -5 The thunder- bolt of Indra; Ki.8.1.
    -6 A ray of light; नान्यस्तप्ता विद्यते गोषु देव Mb.1.232.11; बालो$यं गिरिशिखरेषु चारयन् गाः त्रैलोक्यं तिमिरभरेण दुष्टमेतत् (रविः नैर्मल्यं नयति) । Rām. Ch. 7.6.
    -7 A diamond.
    -8 Heaven.
    -9 An arrow. -f.
    1 A cow; जुगोप गोरूपधरामिवोर्वीम् R.2.3; क्षीरिण्यः सन्तु गावः Mk.1.6.
    -2 The earth; दुदोह गां स यज्ञाय R.1.26; गामात्तसारां रघुरप्यवेक्ष्य 5.26;11.36; Bg.15.13; सेको$- नुगृह्णातु गाम् Mu.3.2; Me.3; cf. also the quotation for (
    -6).
    -3 Speech, words; कुलानि समुपेतानि गोभिः पुरुषतो$- र्थतः Mb.5.28; रघोरुदारामपि गां निशम्य R.5.12;2.59; Ki.4.2.
    -4 The goddess of speech, Sarasvatī.
    -5 A mother.
    -6 A quarter of the compass.
    -7 Water; सायं भेजे दिशं पश्चाद्गविष्ठो गां गतस्तदा Bhāg.1.1.36; also pl.; Bhāg.11.7.5.
    -8 The eye; गोकर्णा सुमुखी कृतेन इषुणा गोपुत्रसंप्रेषिता Mb.8.9.42.
    -9 A region of the sky. -m. A bull, an ox; असंजातकिणस्कन्धः सुखं स्वपिति गौर्गडिः K. P.1; Ms.4.72; cf. चरद्गव.
    -2 The hair of the body.
    -3 An organ of sense; अदान्तगोभिर्विशतां तमिस्रं पुनः पुनश्चर्वितचर्वणानाम् Bhāg..7.5.3.
    -4 The sign Taurus of the zodiac; Bṛi. S.49.
    -5 The sun.
    -6 The number 'nine' (in math.).
    -7 The moon.
    -8 A singer.
    -9 A billion.
    -1 A cow-sacrifice
    -11 A house; cf. गौर्वज्रं गौः प्रभा भूमिर्वाणी तोयं त्रिविष्टपम् । धेनुर्बस्तो वृषो दिग्गौर्नेत्रं लज्जा गुरू रमा ॥ इन्द्रियं श्रीरुमा... Enm.
    -Comp. -कण्टकः, -कम् 1 a road or spot trodden down by oxen and thus made im- passable.
    -2 the cow's hoof.
    -3 the print of a cow's hoof.
    -कर्ण a. having cow's ears.
    (-र्णः) 1 a cow's ear; गोकर्णसदृशौ कृत्वा करावाबद्धसारणौ Ks.6.57.
    -2 a mule.
    -3 a snake; Mb.8.9.42.
    -4 a span (from the tip of the thumb to that of the ring-finger); गोकर्णशिथिल- श्चरन् Mb.2.68.75; तालः स्मृतो मध्यमया गोकर्णश्चाप्यनामया Brahmāṇḍa P.
    -5 N. of a place of pilgrimage in the south, sacred to Śiva. श्रितगोकर्णनिकेतमीश्वरम् R.8.33.
    -6 a kind of deer.
    -7 a kind of arrow; Mb.8.9.42.
    -किराटा -किराटिका the Sārikā bird.
    -किलः, -कीलः 1 a plough
    -2 a pestle.
    -कुलम् 1 a herd of kine; वृष्टिव्याकुलगोकुलावनरसादुद्धृत्य गोवर्धनम् Gīt.4; गोकुलस्य तृषा- र्तस्य Mb.
    -2 a cow-house.
    -3 N. of a village (where Kṛiṣṇa was brought up).
    -कुलिक a.
    1 one who does not help a cow in the mud.
    -2 squint-eyed.
    -कुलोद्भवा an epithet of Durgā.
    -कृतम् cow-dung.
    -क्षीरम् cow's milk.
    -क्षुरम्, -रकम् a cow's hoof.
    -खरः a beast (पशु); यत्तीर्थबुद्धिः सलिले न कर्हिचिज्जनेष्वभिज्ञेषु स एव गोखरः Bhāg.1.84.13.
    -खा a nail.
    -गृष्टिः a young cow which has had only one calf.
    -गोयुगम् a pair of oxen.
    -गोष्ठम् a cow-pen, cattle-shed.
    -ग्रन्थिः 1 dried cowdung.
    -2 a cow-house.
    -ग्रहः capture of cattle (गवालम्भ); Mb.12.265.2.
    -ग्रासः the ceremony of offering a morsel (of grass) to a cow when performing an expiatory rite.
    -घातः, -घातकः, -घातिन् m. a cow-killer.
    -घृतम् 1 rain-water.
    -2 clarified butter coming from a cow.
    -घ्न a.
    1 destructive to cows.
    -2 one who has killed a cow.
    -3 one for whom a cow is killed, a guest.
    -चन्दनम् a kind of sandal-wood.
    -चर a.
    1 grazed over by cattle.
    -2 frequenting, dwelling, resorting to, haunting पितृसद्मगोचरः Ku.5.77.
    -3 within the scope, power, or range of; अवाङ्मनसगोचरम् R.1.15; so बुद्धि˚, दृष्टि˚, श्रवण˚ स्वगोचरे दीप्ततरा बभूव Bu. Ch.1.13.
    -4 moving on earth.
    -5 accessible to, attainable; त्याग- सूक्ष्मानुगः क्षेम्यः शौचगो ध्यागोचरः Mb.12.236.12.
    -6 circulating, having a particular meaning, prevalent.
    (-रः) 1 the range of cattle, pasturage; उपारताः पश्चिम- रात्रिगोचरात् Ki.4.1.
    -2 (a) a district, department, province, sphere. (b) an abode, dwelling-place, a place of resort; Śi.1.21; Ms.1.39.
    -3 range of the organs of sense, an object of sense; श्रवणगोचरे तिष्ठ be within ear-shot; नयनगोचरं या to become visible.
    -4 scope, range, in general; हर्तुर्याति न गोचरम् Bh.2.16.
    -5 (fig.) grip, hold, power, influence, control; कः कालस्य न गोचरा- न्तरगतः Pt.1.146; गोचरीभूतमक्ष्णोः U.6.26; Māl.5.24; अपि नाम मनागवतीर्णो$सि रतिरमणबाणगोचरम् Māl.1.
    -6 horizon.
    -7 field for action, scope; इन्द्रियाणि हयानाहुर्विषयांस्तेषु गोचरान् Kaṭh.3.4.
    -8 the range of the planets from the Lagna or from each other.
    ˚पीडा in- auspicious position of stars within the ecliptic; गोचर- पीडायामपि राशिर्बलिभिः शुभग्रहैर्दृष्टः (पीडां न करोति) Bṛi.S.41.13. (गोचरीकृ to place within the range (of sight), make current).
    -चर्मन् n.
    1 a cow's hide.
    -2 a particular measure of surface thus defined by Vasiṣṭha:-- दशहस्तेन वंशेन दशवंशान् समन्ततः । पञ्च चाभ्यधिकान् दद्यादेतद्गोचर्म चोच्यते ॥ ˚वसनः an epithet of Śiva.
    -चर्या seeking food like a cow; गोचर्यां नैगमश्चरेत् Bhāg.11.18.29.
    -चारकः cowherd.
    -चरणम् the tending or feeding of cows; Bhāg.1.38.8.
    -ज a.
    1 born in the earth (rice &c.).
    -2 produced by milk; अब्जा गोजा...... Kaṭh.5.2.
    -जरः an old ox or bull; नाद्रियन्ते यथापूर्वं कीनाशा इव गोजरम् Bhāg.3.3.13.
    -जलम् the urine of a bull or cow.
    -जागरिकम् auspi- ciousness, happiness. (
    -कः) a preparer of food, baker.
    -जात a. born in the heaven (gods); गोजाता अप्या मृळता च देवाः Rv.6.5.11.
    -जिह्वा N. of a plant (Mar. पाथरी).
    -जिह्विका the uvula.
    -जीव a. living on cattle (milk- man); Hch.1.7.
    -तल्लजः an excellent bull or cow.
    -तीर्थम् a cowhouse.
    -त्रम् [गां भूमिं त्रायते त्रै-क]
    1 a cow-pen.
    -2 a stable in general.
    -3 a family, race, lineage; गोत्रेण माठरो$स्मि Sk.; so कौशिकगोत्राः, वसिष्ठगोत्राः &c.; Ms.3.19,9.141.
    -4 a name, appellation; जगाद गोत्र- स्खलिते च का न तम् N.1.3; Ś.6.5; see ˚स्खलित below; मद्गोत्राङ्कं विरचितपदं गेयमुद्गातुकामा Me.88.
    -5 a multitude.
    -6 increase.
    -7 a forest.
    -8 a field.
    -9 a road.
    -1 possessions, wealth.
    -11 an umbrella, a parasol.
    -12 knowledge of futurity.
    -13 a genus, class, species.
    -14 a caste, tribe, caste according to families. (
    -त्रः) a mountain; 'गोत्रं नाम्नि कुले$प्यद्रौ' इति यादवः; Śi.9.8. Hence गोत्रोद्दलनः means Indra; cf. इन्द्रे तु गोत्रोद्दलनः कुलघ्ने गिरिदारणे Nm.
    (-त्रा) 1 a multitude of cows.
    -2 the earth.
    ˚उच्चारः recitation of family pedigree.
    ˚कर्तृ, -कारिन् m. the founder of a family.
    ˚कीला the earth.
    ˚ज a. born in the same family, gentile, a relation; Bhāg.3.7.24; Y.2.135.
    ˚पटः a genealogical table, pedigree.
    ˚प्रवरः the oldest member or founder of a family.
    -भिद् m. an epithet of Indra; हृदि क्षतो गोत्रभिदप्यमर्षणः R.3.53;6.73; Ku.2.52.
    ˚स्खलनम्, ˚स्खलितम् blundering or mistaking in calling (one) by his name, calling by a wrong name; स्मरसि स्मर मेखलागुणैरुत गौत्रस्खलितेषु बन्धनम् Ku.4.8.
    -द a. giving cows; Ms.4.231. (
    -दः) brain. (
    -दा) N. of the river Godāvarī.
    -दत्र a. Ved. giving cows. (
    -त्रः) an epithet of Indra. (
    -त्रम्) a crown (pro- tecting the head).
    -दन्त a. armed with a coat of mail.
    (-तम्) 1 yellow orpiment.
    -2 a white fossil substance.
    -दानम् 1 the gift of a cow.
    -2 the ceremony of tonsure or cutting the hair; रामलक्ष्मणयो राजन् गोदानं कारयस्व ह Rām.1.71.23; अथास्य गोदानविधेरनन्तरम् R.3. 33; (see Mallinātha's explanation of the word); कृत- गोदानमङ्गलाः U.1; अतोनं गोदानं दारकर्म च Kau. A.1.5; (Rām. explains the word differently).
    -3 the part of the head close to the right ear.
    -दाय a. intending to give cows.
    -दारणम् 1 a plough.
    -2 a spade, hoe.
    -दा, -दावरी N. of a river in the south.
    -दुह् m.,
    -दुहः 'cow-milker', a cowherd; सुदुघामिव गोदुहे R.1.4.1; चिरं निदध्यौ दुहतः स गोदुहः Śi.
    -दोहः 1 the milking of cows.
    -2 the milk of cows.
    -3 the time of milking cows.
    -दोहनम् 1 the time of milking cows.
    -2 the milking of cows; न लक्ष्यते ह्यवस्थानमपि गोदोहनं क्वचित् Bhāg.1.19. 4.
    -दोहनी a milk-pail.
    -द्रवः the urine of a bull or cow.
    -धनम् 1 a herd or multitude of cows, cattle.
    -2 possession of cows. (
    -नः) a broad-pointed arrow.
    -धरः a mountain.
    -धर्मः the law of cattle, rules relating to cattle; (open and unconcealed intercourse of the sexes); गोधर्मं सौरभेयाच्च सो$धीत्य निखिलं मुनिः । प्रावर्तत तदा कर्तुं श्रद्धावांस्तमशङ्कया ॥ Mb.1.14.26.
    -धुमः, -धूमः 1 wheat; Bṛi. Up.6.3.13.
    -2 the orange. ˚चूर्णम् wheat flour;
    -सम्भवम् a sour paste.
    -धूलिः 'dust of the cows', the time of sunset or evening twilight (so called be- cause cows, which generally return home at about sunset, raise up clouds of dust by their treading on the earth).
    -धेनुः a milch-cow with a calf.
    -भ्रः a mountain.
    -नन्दा an epithet of the wife of Śiva.
    -नन्दी the female of the Sārasa bird.
    -नर्दः 1 the (Indian) crane.
    -2 an epithet of Śiva (bellowing like a bull).
    -3 N. of a country.
    -नर्दीयः an epithet of Patañjali, author of the Mahābhāṣya.
    -नसः, -नासः 1 a kind of snake.
    -2 a kind of gem.
    -नसा the mouth of a cow.
    -नाथः 1 a bull.
    -2 an owner of land.
    -3 a herdsman.
    -4 an owner of kine.
    -नायः a cowherd; तद्यथा गोनायो$श्वनायः पुरुषनाय इत्येवं तदप आचक्षते$शनायेति Ch. Up.6.8.3.
    -नाशनः a wolf.
    -नासा the projecting snout of a cow or ox.
    -नासम् a kind of gem.
    -निष्यन्दः cow's urine.
    -पः 1 a cowherd (considered as belonging to a mixed tribe); गोपवेशस्य विष्णोः Me.15.
    -2 the chief of a cowpen.
    -3 the superintendent of a village.
    -4 a king.
    -5 a protector, guardian; Rv.1.61.1.
    ˚अनसी the wood of a thatch; गोपानसीषु क्षणमास्थितानाम् Śi.3.49.
    ˚अष्टमी the eighth day of the bright fortnight of Kārttika when Kṛiṣṇa is said to have worn the dress of a cowherd.
    ˚आटविका a cowherd.
    ˚कन्या 1 the daughter of a cowherd.
    -2 a nymph of Vṛindāvana.
    ˚अध्यक्षः, ˚इन्द्रः, ˚ईशः the chief of herdsmen, an epithet of Kṛiṣṇa.
    ˚चापः the rainbow.
    ˚दलः the betel-nut tree.
    ˚भद्रम् the fibrous root of a water-lily.
    ˚रसः gum myrrh.
    ˚राष्ट्राः (pl.) N. of a people. ˚वधूः f. a cowherd's wife; Bhāg.1.9.4. ˚वधूटी a young cowherdess, a young wife of a cowherd; गोपवधूटीदुकूलचौराय Bhāṣā P.1.
    (-पकः) 1 the superin- tendent of a district.
    -2 myrrh.
    (-पिका) 1 a cowher- dess; Bhāg.1.9.14-15.
    -2 protectress. (
    -पी) a cowherd's wife (especially applied to the cowherdesses of Vṛindāvana, the companions of Kṛiṣṇa in his juvenile sports).
    -2 a milk-maid.
    -3 a protectress.
    -4 Nature, elementary nature.
    -पतिः 1 an owner of cows.
    -2 a bull.
    -3 a leader, chief.
    -4 the sun; नीहारमिव गोपतिः Bhāg.1.12.1; Mb.1.173.32.
    -5 Indra; सुराङ्गना गोपतिचापगोपुरं पुरम् (जहुः) Ki.8.1.
    -6 N. of Kṛiṣṇa.
    -7 N. of Śiva.
    -8 N. of Varuṇa; एष पुत्रो महाप्रज्ञो वरुणस्येह गोपतेः Mb.5.98.11.
    -9 a king; नासतो विद्यते राजन् स ह्यरण्येषु गोपतिः Mb.12.135.26.
    -पथः N. of a Brāhmaṇa of Av.
    -पर्वतम् the name of the place where Pāṇini is said to have performed penance and propitiated Śiva; गोपर्वतमिति स्थानं शम्भोः प्रख्यापितं मया । यत्र पाणिनिना लेभे वैयाकरणिकाग्ऱ्यता ॥ अरुणाचलमाहात्म्यम्- उत्तरार्धः 2 अ. 68 श्लो.
    -पशुः a sacrificial cow.
    -पाः m. Ved.
    1 a herdsman.
    -2 protector, or guardian; मन्द्राग्रे- त्वरी भुवनस्य गोपा Av.2.1.57.
    -पानसी a curved beam which supports a thatch; गोपानसी तु वलभिच्छादने वक्रदारुणि Ak.2.2.15.
    -पालः 1 a cowherd; Ms.4.253.
    -2 a king.
    -3 an epithet of Śiva.
    -4 an epithet of Kṛ&iṣṇa. ˚धानी a cow-pen, cow-shed.
    -पालकः 1 a cowherd.
    -2 a king.
    -3 an epithet of Śiva; also of Kṛiṣṇa.
    -पालिः an epithet of Śiva.
    -पालिका, -पाली the wife of a cowherd; पार्थः प्रस्थापयामास कृत्वा गोपालिकावपुः Mb.1.221.19.
    -पालितः N. of a lexicographer.
    -पित्तम् bile of cows, ox-bile (from which the yellow pigment गोरोचना is prepared; गोपित्ततो रोचना Pt.1.94.).
    -पीतः a species of wagtail.
    -पीथः protection; अस्माकमृषीणां गोपीथे न उरुष्यतम् Rv.5.65.6. (
    -थम्) a holy place, a place of pilgrimage.
    -पुच्छम् a cow's tail.
    -2 a particular point of an arrow.
    (-च्छः) 1 a sort of monkey; Bhāg.8.2.22.
    -2 a sort of necklace consisting of two or four or thirty-four strings.
    -3 a kind of drum.
    -पुटिकम् the head of Śiva's bull.
    -पुत्रः 1 a young bull.
    -2 an epithet of Karṇa.
    -पुरम् 1 a town-gate; उत्तुङ्गसौधसुरमन्दिरगोपुरम् Māl.9.1.
    -2 a principal gate; दधतमुच्चशिलान्तरगोपुराः Ki.5.5.
    -3 the ornamental gate- way of a temple.
    -पुरीषम् cowdung.
    -प्रकाण्डम् an ex- cellent cow or bull.
    -प्रचारः pasture-ground, pasturage for cattle; ग्राम्येच्छया गोप्रचारो भूमी राजवशेन वा Y.2.166.
    -प्रत (ता) रः 1 a ford for cattle.
    -2 a place of pilgrimage on the Śarayū; यद्गोप्रतरकल्पो$भूत्संमर्दस्तत्र मज्जताम् । अतस्तदाख्यया तीर्थं पावनं भुवि पप्रथे ॥ R.15.11.
    -प्रदानम् same as गोदान.
    -प्रवेशः the time when cows return home, sunset or evening-twilight; गोप्रवेशसमये Bṛi. S.24.35.
    -फणा 1 a bandage hollowed out so as to fit the chin or nose &c.
    -2 a sling.
    -बालः the hair of cows.
    -भुज् m. a king; गोभुजां वल्लभा लक्ष्मीः Rāj. T.5.6.
    -भृत् m.
    1 a mountain.
    -2 a king.
    -मक्षिका a gadfly.
    -मघ a. granting cattle or cows कदा गोमघा हवनानि गच्छाः Rv.6.35.3.
    -मंडलम् 1 the globe.
    -2 a multitude of cows.
    -मण़्डीरः a kind of an aquatic bird; L. D. B.
    -मतम् = गव्यूति q. v.
    -मतल्लिका a tract- able cow, an excellent cow; अरिर्मधोरैक्षत गोमतल्लिकाम् Śi.12.41.
    -मथः a cowherd.
    -मध्यमध्य a. slender in the waist.
    -महिषदा N. of one of the Mātṛis attending on कार्तिकेय.
    -मांसम् beef.
    -मायु 1 a kind of frog.
    -2 a jackal; अनुहंकुरुते घनध्वनिं न हि गोमायुरुतानि केसरी Śi.16. 25.
    -3 bile of a cow.
    -4 N. of a Gandharva.
    -मीनः a kind of fish.
    -मुखः, -मुखम् [गोर्मुखमिव मुखमस्य] a kind of musical instrument; Bg.1.13; गोमुखानां च शृङ्गाणाम- नीकद्वयवर्तिनाम् Śiva. B.24.55.
    (-खः) 1 a crocodile, shark.
    -2 a hole of a particular shape in a wall made by thieves.
    (-खम्) 1 a house built unevenly.
    -2 spreading unguents, smearing; 'गोमुखं कुटिलाकारे वाद्यभाण्डे विलेपने' इति विश्वः; यस्यामलिन्देषु न चक्रुरेव मुग्धाङ्गना गोमयगो- मुखानि Śi.3.48. (
    -खम्, -खी) a cloth-bag of the shape of a gnomon containing a rosary, the beads of which are counted by the hand thrust inside.
    -2 a house built unevenly.
    -3 a particular method of sitting (a योगासन) (
    -खी) the chasm in the Himālaya mountains through which the Ganges flows.
    -मूढ a. stupid as a bull.
    -मूत्रम् cow's urine.
    -मूत्रकः a variety of lapis lazuli (बैदूर्य); Kau. A.2.11.
    -कम् a particular attitude (मण्डल) in गदायुद्ध; दक्षिणं मण्डलं सव्यं गोमूत्रकमथापि च । व्यचर- त्पाण्डवो राजन्नरिं संमोहयन्निव ॥ Mb.9.58.23. -a. zigzagging, going unevenly.
    -मूत्रिका 1 an artificial verse, the second of which repeats nearly all the syllables of the first. (Malli. thus defines it:-- वर्णानामेकरूपत्वं यद्येकान्तरमर्धयोः गोमूत्रिकेति तत्प्राहुर्दुष्करं तद्विदो विदुः ॥ see Śi.19.46.)
    -2 a form of calculation.
    -मृगः a kind of ox (गवय).
    -मेदः a gem brought from the Himālaya and Indus, des- cribed as of four different colours:-- white, pale-yellow, red, and dark-blue.
    -मेदकः 1 see गोमेद.
    -2 a kind of poison (काकोल).
    -3 smearing the body with unguents.
    -मेधः, -यज्ञः a cow-sacrifice; Rām.7.25.8.
    -यानम्, -रथः a carriage drawn by oxen; Rām.2.82.26; Ms. 11.174.
    -युक्त a. drawn by oxen.
    -युतम् 1 a cattle station.
    -2 a measure of two Krośas (गव्यूत); गोयुते गोयुते चैव न्यवसत्पुरुषर्षभः Mb.14.65.22.
    -रक्षः 1 a cow- herd.
    -2 keeping or tending cattle.
    -3 the orange.
    -4 an epithet of Śiva. ˚जम्बू f. wheat.
    -रक्षणम् tending cattle (with religious faith).
    -रङ्कुः 1 a water-fowl
    -2 a prisoner.
    -3 a naked man, a mendicant wandering about without clothes.
    -4 a chanter.
    -रवम् saffron.
    -रसः cow's milk.
    -2 curds.
    -3 buttermilk.
    -4 the flavour of a sentence; को रसो गोरसं विना Udb. ˚जम् buttermilk.
    -राजः an excellent bull.
    -राटिका, -राटी the Sārikā bird.
    -रुतम् a measure of dis- tance equal to two Krośas.
    -रूपम् the form of a cow. (
    -पः) N. of Śiva.
    -रोचम् yellow orpiment.
    -रोचना a bright yellow pigment prepared from the urine or bile of a cow, or found in the head of a cow.
    -लवणम् a measure of salt given to a cow.
    -लाङ्गु- (गू) लः a kind of monkey with a dark body, red cheeks and a tail like that of a cow; गोलाङ्गूलः कपोलं छुरयति रजसा कौसुमेन प्रियायाः Māl.9.3.
    -लोकः a part of heaven, cow-world.
    -लोभिका, -लोभी 1 a prostitute.
    -2 white Dūrvā grass.
    -3 Zedoary.
    -4 N. of a shrub.
    -वत्सः a calf. ˚आदिन m. a wolf.
    -वधः the killing of a cow; Ms.11.59.
    -वर्धनः a celebrated hill in वृन्दावन the country about Mathurā. ('This hill was lifted up and supported by Kṛiṣṇa upon one finger for seven days to shelter the cowherds from a storm of rain sent by Indra to test Kṛiṣṇa's divinity.') ˚धरः, ˚धरिन् m. an epithet of Kṛiṣṇa.
    -वरम् pounded cowdung.
    -वशा a barren cow.
    -वाटम्, -वासः a cow-pen.
    -वासन a. covered with an ox-hide.
    -विकर्तः, -विकर्तृ m.
    1 the killer of a cow; Mb.4.2.9.
    -2 a hus- bandman.
    -विततः a horse-sacrifice having many cows.
    -विन्दः 1 a cowkeeper, a chief herdsman.
    -2 N. of Kṛiṣṇa.
    -3 Bṛihaspati. ˚द्वादशी the twelfth day in the light half of the month of फाल्गुन
    -विष् f.,
    -विष्ठा cowdung.
    -विषाणिकः a kind of musical instrument; Mb.6.44.4.
    -विसर्गः day-break (when cows are let loose to graze in forests); Rām.7.111.9.
    -वीथिः f. N. of that portion of the moon's path which contains the asterisms भाद्रपदा, रेवती and अश्विनी, or according to some, हस्त, चित्रा and स्वाती Bṛi. S.9.2.
    -वीर्यम् the price received for milk.
    -वृन्दम् a drove of cattle.
    -वृन्दारकः an excellent bull or cow.
    -वृषः, -वृषभः an excellent bull; न तां शेकुर्नृपा वोढुमजित्वा सप्त गोवृषान् Bhāg 1.58.33. ˚ध्वजः an epithet of Śiva.
    -वैद्यः a quack docter.
    -व्रजः 1 a cow-pen.
    -2 a herd of cows.
    -3 a place where cattle graze.
    -व्रत, -व्रतिन् a. one who imitates a cow in fru- gality;...अत्र गोव्रतिनो विप्राः... ॥ यत्रपत्रशयो नित्यं येन केन- चिदाशितः । येन केनचिदाच्छन्नः स गोव्रत इहोच्यते ॥ Mb.5.99. 13-14.
    -शकृत् n. cowdung; Ms.2.182.
    -शतम् a present of a hundred cows to a Brāhmaṇa.
    -शालम्, -ला a cow-stall.
    -शीर्षः, -र्षम् a kind of sandal; Kau. A.2.11.
    -2 a kind of weapon (arrow ?); Mb.7.178. 23.
    -षड्गवम् three pairs of kine.
    -षन्, -षा a. Ved. acquiring or bestowing cows.
    -षा (सा) तिः 1 acquiring cattle; or fighting for cattle. गोषाता यस्य ते गिरः Rv.8.84.7.
    -2 giving cattle.
    -ष्टोमः a kind of sacri- fice fasting for one day.
    -संख्यः a cowherd.
    -सदृक्षः a species of ox (गवय).
    -सर्गः the time at which cows are usually let loose, day-break; see गोविसर्ग.
    -सवः a kind of cow-sacrifice (not performed in the Kali age); Mb.3.3.17.
    -सहस्रम् a kind of present (महादान). (
    -स्त्री) N. of two holidays on the fifteenth day of the dark half of कार्तिक and ज्येष्ठ.
    -सावित्री N. of a hymn (cf. गायत्री).
    -सूत्रिका a rope fastened at both ends having separate halters for each ox or cow.
    -स्तनः 1 the udder of a cow.
    -2 a cluster of blossoms, nosegay &c.
    -3 a pearl-necklace of four strings.
    -4 a kind of fort.
    -स्तना, -नी a bunch of grapes.
    -स्थानम्, -क्रम् a cow-pen.
    -स्वामिन् m.
    1 an owner of cows.
    -2 a religious mendicant.
    -3 an honorary title affixed to proper names; (e. g. वोपदेवगोस्वामिन्).
    -हत्या cow-slaughter.
    -हल्लम् (sometimes written हन्नम्) cow-dung.
    -हरः, -हरणम् stealing of cows; गोष्ठमुत्किरति गोहरं वदेत् Bṛi. S.89.9. (v. l.)
    -हित a. cherishing or protecting kine. (
    -तः) N. of Viṣṇu.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > गो _gō

  • 62 वनम् _vanam

    वनम् [वन्-अच्]
    1 A forest, wood, thicket of trees; एको वासः पत्तने वा वने वा Bh.3.12; वने$पि दोषाः प्रभवन्ति रागिणाम्.
    -2 A cluster, group, a quantity of lotuses or other plants growing in a thick bed; चित्रद्विपाः पद्मवनाव- तीर्णाः R.16.16;6.86.
    -3 A place of abode, residence, house.
    -4 A fountain, spring (of water).
    -5 Water in general; गगनं... वनौघनमदभ्रम् Śi.6.73.
    -6 A wooden vessel.
    -7 Wood, timber.
    -8 Dwelling in a forest, living abroad.
    -9 Ved. A cloud.
    -1 Light, a ray of light.
    -11 Worshipping.
    -12 A mountain; L. D. B.
    -13 Plenty, abundance. (As the first member of comp. वन may be translated by 'wild', 'forest'; वनवराहः, वनकदली, वनपुष्पम् &c.)
    -Comp. -अग्निः a forest conflagra- tion.
    -अजः the wild goat.
    -अन्तः 1 the skirts or borders of a forest; वृत्तः स नौ संगतयोर्वनान्ते R.2.58.
    -2 the forest region itself, wood; वनान्तशय्याकठिनीकृताकृती Ki.1.36; अन्तःकूजन् मुखरशकुनो यत्र रम्यो वनान्तः U.2.25.
    -अन्तरम् 1 another wood.
    -2 the interior of a forest; अपि वनान्तरमल्पकुचान्तरा श्रयति पर्वत पर्वसु संनता V.4.49.
    -अब्जिनी a lotus-plant growing in water.
    -अरिष्टा wild turmeric.
    -अर्चकः a florist, maker of garlands.
    -अलक्तम् red earth or ruddle.
    -अलिका a sun-flower.
    -आखुः a hare.
    -आखुकः a kind of bean.
    -आपगा 'wood-river', a forest-stream; महार्णवं समासाद्य वनापगशतं यथा Rām.7.19. 17.
    -आर्द्रकम् the root of wild ginger. (
    -का) wild ginger.
    -आश a. living on water; कुतः क्षीरं... वनाशानां वनाश्रम- निवासिनाम् Mb.13.14.124.
    (-शः) 1 dining in a wood, a picnic; क्वचिद्वनाशाय मनो दधद् व्रजात् प्रातः समुत्थाय वयस्य- वत्सपान् Bhāg.1.12.1.
    -2 a kind of small barley.
    -आश्रमः abode in the woods, the third stage in the re- ligious life of a Brāhmaṇa.
    -आश्रमिन् m. an anchorite, a hermit.
    -आश्रयः 1 an inhabitant of the wood.
    -2 a sort of crow or raven.
    -उत्साहः a rhinoceros.
    -उद्धवा the wild cotton plant.
    -उपप्लवः a forest conflagration.
    -उपलः shaped and dried cow dung (Mar. गोवरी).
    -ओकस् m.
    1 an inhabitant of a wood, a forester.
    -2 an anchorite, a hermit.
    -3 a wild animal such as a monkey, boar &c.; तस्य त्यक्तस्वभावस्य घृणेर्मायावनौकसः Bhāg. 7.2.7.
    -ओषधिः a medicinal herb growing in a forest or growing wild.
    -कणा wild pepper.
    -कदली wild plantain.
    -करिन् m.,
    -कुञ्जरः, -गजः a wild elephant.
    -काम a. fond of a forest.
    -कार्पासी (
    -सिः f.) the wild cotton tree.
    -कुक्कुटः a wild fowl.
    -कोलिः f. the wild jujube tree.
    -खण्डम् a forest.
    -ग a. inhabitant of a forest.
    -गवः the wild ox.
    -गहनम् a thicket, the thick part of a forest; इति चालयन्नचलसानुवनगहनजानुमापतिः ।
    -गुप्तः a spy.
    -गुल्मः a wild or forest shrub.
    -गोचर a.
    1 frequenting woods.
    -2 living in water; जहास चाहो वन- गोचरो मृगः Bhāg.3.18.2.
    (-रः) 1 a hunter.
    -2 a for- ester. (
    -रम्) a forest.
    -ग्रहणम् surrounding a forest and stopping all egress.
    -ग्राहिन् a beater of the forest, one who surrounds a forest; तेन हि निवर्तय पूर्वगतान् वन- ग्राहिणः Ś.2.6/7.
    -ग्रामकः a forest village, a poor village.
    -चन्दनम् 1 the Devadāru tree.
    -2 aloe-wood.
    -चन्द्रिका, -ज्योत्स्ना a kind of jasmine.
    -चम्पकः the wild Cham- paka tree.
    -चर a. living in a forest, haunting woods, sylvan.
    (-रः) 1 a forester, forest-dweller, woodman; उपतस्थुरास्तितविषादधियः शतयज्वनो वनचरा वसतिम् Ki.6.29; Me.12.
    -2 a wild animal.
    -3 the fabulous eight-leg- ged animal called Śarabha.
    -चर्या roaming about or residence in a forest.
    -छागः 1 a wild goat.
    -2 a boar.
    -छिद् m. a wood-cutter.
    -जः 1 an elephant.
    -2 a kind of fragrant grass.
    -3 the wild citron tree.
    -4 a wood- man. (
    -जम्) a blue lotus-flower.
    -जा 1 wild ginger.
    -2 the wild cotton tree.
    -जीविन् a forester, woodman.
    -तिक्तः the yellow myrobalan tree.
    -दः a cloud.
    -दाहः a forest-conflagration.
    -दीपः = ˚चम्पकः.
    -देवता a sylvan deity, a dryad; शुश्राव कुञ्जेषु यशः स्वमुच्चैरुद्गीयमानं वनदेवताभिः R.2.12;9.52; Ś.4.5; अनुप्रयाता वनदेवताभ्यामदृश्यत स्थावरराजकन्या Ku.3.52;6.39.
    -द्रुमः a tree growing wild in a forest.
    -धारा an avenue of trees.
    -धितिः f. Ved. a hatchet.
    -धेनुः f. the female of the wild ox or Bos gavœus.
    -पः a woodman; यथा वनान्ते वनपैर्विसृष्टः कक्षं देहत्कृष्णगतिः सुघोषः Mb.9.24.63.
    -पल्लवः the शोभाञ्जन tree.
    -पांसुलः a hunter.
    -पार्श्वम् the neighbourhood of a wood, the forest region itself.
    -पुष्पम् a forest-flower.
    -पूरकः the wild citron tree.
    -प्रवेशः commencing a hermit's life.
    -प्रस्थ a. retiring into a wood, leading the life of a hermit. (
    -स्थः) a wood situated on a table- land.
    -प्रियः the cuckoo. (
    -यम्) the cinnamon tree.
    -बर्हिणः, -वर्हिणः a wild peacock.
    -भूः f.,
    -भूमिः f. forest ground.
    -भूषणी the female of the Indian cuckoo.
    -मक्षिका a gad-fly.
    -मल्ली wild-jasmine.
    -माला a gar- land of wood-flowers, such as was usually worn by Kṛiṣṇa; ग्रथितमौलिरसौ वनमालया R.9.51; it is thus des- cribed:- आजानुलम्बिनी माला सर्वर्तुकुसुमोज्ज्वला । मध्ये स्थूल- कदम्बाढ्या वनमालेति कीर्तिता ॥ ˚धरः an epithet of Kṛiṣṇa.
    -मालिन् a. adorned with a chaplet of wood-flowers (-m.) an epithet of Kṛiṣṇa; धीरसमीरे यमुनातीरे वसति वने वनमाली Gīt.5; तव विरहे वनमाली सखि सीदति ibid.
    -मालिनी N. of the town of Dvārakā.
    -मुच् a. pouring water; R.9.22. (-m.),
    -भूतः a cloud.
    -मुद्गः a kind of kidney-bean.
    -मोचा wild plantain.
    -रक्षकः a forest-keeper.
    -राजः the lion.
    -राजिः, -जी f.
    1 a grove or long row of trees.
    -2 a long tract of forest.
    -3 a path in a forest.
    -रुहम् a lotus-flower; वनरुहाननं बिभ्रदावृतम् Bhāg.1.31.12.
    -लक्ष्मी f.
    1 an ornament or beauty of the wood.
    -2 the plan- tain.
    -लता a forest-creeper; दूरीकृताः खलु गुणैरुद्यानलता वन- लताभिः Ś.1.17.
    -वर्तिका a kind of quail.
    -वह्निः, -हुता- शनः a forest-conflagration.
    -वासः 1 living in a wood, residence in a forest; अनुमतगमना शकुन्तला तरुभिरियं वनवास- बन्धुभिः Ś.4.1.
    -2 a wild or nomadic life.
    -3 a forest- dweller, a forester.
    -वासनः a civet-cat.
    -वासिन् m.
    1 a forest-dweller, forester.
    -2 a hermit; so वनस्थायिन्.
    -वीजः, -वीजकः the wild citron tree.
    -वृन्ताकी the egg- plant.
    -व्रीहिः wild rice.
    -शृङ्गाटः Tribulus Lanuginosus (Mar. सराटा).
    -शोभनम् a lotus.
    -श्वन् m.
    1 a jackal.
    -2 a tiger.
    -3 a civet-cat.
    -सङ्कटः a kind of pulse.
    -सद्, -संवासिन् m. a forester; प्रणुदन्ववौ वनसदां परिश्रमम् Ki.12. 5.
    -समूहः a thick wood.
    -संप्रवेशः a solemn proces- sion into a forest for the purpose of cutting wood for an idol.
    -सरोजिनी f. the wild cotton plant.
    -स्थः 1 a deer.
    -2 a hermit; कुतः क्षीरं वनस्थानाम् Mb.13.14.124.
    -स्था, -स्थी the holy fig tree.
    -स्थली a wood, forest ground; नखक्षतानीव वनस्थलीनाम् Ku.3.29.
    -स्रज् f. a garland of forest flowers.
    -हासः, -हासकः 1 the Kāsa grass.
    -2 N. of the flower-plant Kunda.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > वनम् _vanam

  • 63 विष्णुः _viṣṇuḥ

    विष्णुः [विष् व्यापने नुक् Uṇ.3.39]
    1 The second deity of the sacred Triad, entrusted with the preservation of the world, which duty he is represented to have duly discharged by his various incarnations; (for their descriptions see the several avatāras s. v. and also under अवतार); the word is thus popularly derived:- यस्माद्विश्व- मिदं सर्वं तस्य शक्त्या महात्मनः । तस्मादेवोच्यते विष्णुर्विशधातोः प्रवेशनात् ॥.
    -2 N. of Agni; विष्णुर्नामेह यो$ग्निः Mb.3.221.12.
    -3 A pious man.
    -4 N. of a law-giver, author of a Smṛiti called विष्णुस्मृति.
    -5 N. of one of the Vasus.
    -6 The lunar mansion called Śravaṇa (presided over by Viṣṇu).
    -7 N. of the month चैत्र.
    -Comp. -काञ्ची N. of a town.
    -क्रमः the step or stride of Viṣṇu.
    -क्रान्ता N. of various plants.
    -गुप्तः N. of Chāṇakya.
    -ग्रन्थिः a particular joint of the body.
    -जनः a devotee, saint; अध्यगान्मह- दाख्यानं नित्यं विष्णुजनप्रियः Bhāg.1.7.11.
    -तिथिः N. of the 11th and 12th lunar days of each fortnight.
    -तैलम् a kind of medicinal oil.
    -दत्तः N. of परीक्षित.
    -दैवत्या N. of the eleventh and twelfth days of each fortnight (of a lunar month).
    -धर्मः 1 Dharma enjoining the proper worship of Viṣṇu.
    -2 a kind of श्राद्ध.
    -धर्मोत्तरपुराणम् N. of an उपपुराण.
    -पदम् 1 the sky, atmosphere.
    -2 the sea of milk.
    -3 the foot of Viṣṇu (worshipped at Gayā).
    -4 a lotus.
    -पदी 1 an epithet of the Ganges; निर्गता विष्णुपादाब्जात् तेन विष्णुपदी स्मृता Brav. P.; Bhāg.1.19. 7.
    -2 the sun's passage (into the zodiacal signs वृषभ, सिंह, वृश्चिक and कुम्भ).
    -पुराणम् N. of one of the most celebrated of the eighteen Purāṇas.
    -प्रिया 1 basil.
    -2 Lakṣmī.
    -प्रीतिः f. land granted rent-free to Brāh- maṇas to maintain Viṣṇu's worship.
    -माया N. of Durgā.
    -मित्रः a common name (like अमुक); तस्मादपि विष्णुमित्र इत्यनवस्थितिः Bhāg.5.14.24.
    -रथः an epithet of Garuḍa.
    -रातः N. of king Parīkṣita; स विष्णुरातो$तिथय आगताय तस्मै सपर्यां शिरसा जहार Bhāg.1.19.29.
    -विङ्गी a quail.
    -लोकः Viṣṇu's world; मुच्यते सर्वपापेभ्यो विष्णुलोकं स गच्छति Stotra.
    -वल्लभा 1 an epithet of Lakṣmī.
    -2 the holy basil.
    -वाहनः, -वाह्यः epithets of Garuḍa.
    -शक्तिः Lakṣmī
    -हिता basil.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > विष्णुः _viṣṇuḥ

  • 64 land

    страна
    -et, -, -a/-ene
    * * *
    country, land, shore
    * * *
    subst. [rike, fedreland] country, (poet.) land (fx

    the - of the midnight sun

    ) subst. [ motsatt av byen] country (fx

    we live out on our own - far from the city

    ) subst. [mots hav, vann, samt poet.] land subst. [ terreng] land (f.eks.

    high, low land

    ) subst. [ territorium] land, territory (f.eks.

    cede territory

    ) subst. [ landeiendom] land, lands subst. [ kyst] shore (by og land) town and country (det forjettede land) the Promised Land (det hellige land) the Holy Land, Palestine, Israel (drive i land) (mar.) be washed ashore, (om skip også) be beached (dyrket land) cultivated land (gå i land) (mar.) go ashore, (om passasjerer, tropper også) disembark (mot land) shoreward (åpent land) open country (fra land) from shore, (mar) off the land (på land) onshore (fremmede land) foreign countries (gå i land) go ashore, land, (mer formelt) disembark (gå på land (grunne)) run ashore, ground (i land) ashore (fx

    they went ashore, swim ashore

    ) (sette i land) land, disembark (fx

    troops

    ), put (el. set) ashore (fx

    put passengers ashore

    )

    Norsk-engelsk ordbok > land

  • 65 imagé

    image [imaʒ]
    1. feminine noun
       a. picture
    • l'image est nette/floue the picture is clear/fuzzy
       b. ( = métaphore) image
    • s'exprimer par images to express o.s. in images
       c. ( = reflet) reflection ; (Physics) image
       d. ( = vision mentale) image
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    Distinctive prints depicting a variety of scenes in a realistic but stereotypical manner were produced in the town of Épinal, in the Vosges, in the early nineteenth century. The prints became so popular that the term image d'Épinal has passed into the language, and is now used to refer to any form of stereotypical representation.
    * * *
    imaʒ
    1) ( reproduction) picture
    2) ( sur une pellicule) frame; ( qualité de réglage) picture; ( qualité artistique) photography
    3) ( reflet) reflection, image; Physique image
    4) ( représentation) picture

    à l'image de ses prédécesseurs... — just like his/her predecessors...

    5) Littérature image
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    imaʒ nf
    1) (= dessin) picture
    2) fig (= représentation) picture

    Les films donnent une fausse image de l'Amérique. — Films give a false picture of America.

    3) (= réputation) image
    5) OPTIQUE image
    * * *
    image nf
    1 ( reproduction) picture; il ne sait pas lire mais il aime bien regarder les images he can't read but he likes looking at the pictures;
    2 Cin, TV ( sur une pellicule) frame; ( qualité de réglage) picture; ( qualité artistique) photography; 24 images par seconde 24 frames per second; l'image est trop sombre the picture is too dark; le scénario n'est pas formidable mais il y a de très belles image the storyline isn't great but there is some very beautiful photography; le film contient des images choquantes the film contains some shocking scenes; nous vous présenterons quelques images de ce film we'll show you an excerpt ou extract from the film; l'industrie de l'image Vidéo the video industry; Phot the photography industry;
    3 ( reflet) reflection, image; Phys image;
    4 ( représentation) picture; leur livre donne une image totalement fausse de la situation/du pays their book gives a totally false picture of the situation/country; ils sont l'image même du bonheur parfait they are the picture of perfect happiness; à l'image de ses prédécesseurs, c'est un bureaucrate sans imagination just like his predecessors, he's an unimaginative bureaucrat;
    5 Littérat image; il s'exprime par images he expresses himself in images ou metaphors; étudier les images d'un poème to study the imagery of a poem;
    6 Scol reward given to pupils in the form of a small picture.
    image d'Épinal lit simplistic 19th century print of traditional French life; fig clichéd image; image latente Phot latent image; image de marque ( de produit) brand image; ( de société) corporate image; (de politicien, personnalité) (public) image; image pieuse holy picture; image réelle Phys real image; image virtuelle Phys virtual image.
    ( féminin imagée) [imaʒe] adjectif

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > imagé

  • 66 terre

    terre [tεʀ]
    1. feminine noun
       a. ( = planète) earth ; ( = monde) world
       b. ( = matière) earth ; (pour la poterie) clay ; ( = sol, surface) ground
       c. ( = domaine) terres land uncount
    • toucher terre [navire, avion] to land
       e. ( = pays) land
       f. (Electricity) earth (Brit), ground (US)
    * * *
    tɛʀ
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    tɛʀ nf
    1) (= planète) (prend la majuscule dans un contexte astronomique) earth
    2) (= sol) ground
    3) (= substance) soil, earth

    On va remettre de la terre sur ces plate-bandes. — We're going to put some more soil in these flower beds.

    mettre en terre [plante] — to plant, [défunt] to bury

    5) (= terrain) land sg

    Ils ont des terres du côté de Carpentras. — They have some land near Carpentras.

    C'est une bonne terre pour la vigne. — It's good land for growing vines.

    6) (= matériau) clay

    en terre (pipe, poterie) — clay modif

    7) (opposé à mer) land no pl

    la terre ferme — dry land, terra firma

    8) (= contrée) land

    C'est une terre accueillante. — It's a welcoming land.

    9) ÉLECTRICITÉ, ÉLECTRONIQUE earth
    10)

    par terre [mettre, être] (dehors) — on the ground, (dedans) on the floor, [jeter, tomber] to the ground, down

    Elle s'est assise par terre. — She sat on the floor.

    Il est tombé par terre. — He fell down.

    * * *
    A nf
    1 ( surface du sol) ground; le cycliste était à terre the cyclist was lying on the ground; être jeté à terre to be thrown to the ground; sous terre underground; à 200 mètres sous terre 200 metresGB underground; ne frappez jamais un adversaire à terre never hit a man when he's down; mettre pied à terre Équit to dismount; mettre un genou à terre to go down on one knee;
    2 ( matière) gén earth; Agric soil; terre rouge/séchée red/dried-up earth; terre fertile/stérile fertile/infertile soil; l'eau, l'air, la terre et le feu water, air, earth and fire; sortir de terre lit [plante] to come up; [animal] to poke its head out of the ground; fig une ville nouvelle est sortie de terre a new town has sprung up; porter or mettre qn en terre liter to bury sb;
    3 ( campagne) le retour à la terre the movement back to the land; rester attaché à la terre to stay close to the land; travailler la terre to work the land;
    4 ( terrain) land ¢; acheter/vendre une terre to buy/to sell a plot of land; des terres land; elle possède des terres en Anjou she owns land in Anjou; se retirer sur ses terres to go and live on one's estate; vivre de ses terres to live off the land;
    5 ( région) land; des terres lointaines/vierges distant/virgin lands; une terre inconnue an unknown land, terra incognita littér; en terre chrétienne/musulmane on Christian/Muslim land; la terre natale de qn sb's native land; la terre de mes ancêtres the land of my ancestors; la terre d'Afrique liter the African continent; la terre d'Alsace liter the Alsace region; leur pays a toujours été une terre d'accueil their country has always welcomed newcomers;
    6 ( opposé à mer) land; une bande/langue de terre a strip/tongue of land; un vent de terre a land breeze; aller à terre to go ashore; apercevoir la terre to sight land; ‘Terre!’ ‘land ho!’; être loin de toute terre to be far from land; s'enfoncer à l'intérieur des terres to go deep inland; regagner la terre ferme to reach land ou terra firma littér;
    7 ( où vit l'humanité) earth; être/vivre sur terre to be/to live on earth; quitter la terre euph to die; la terre et le ciel Relig things earthly and things heavenly; prendre toute la terre à témoin to take the whole world as one's witness; il croit que la terre entière est contre lui he thinks the whole world is against him; redescends or reviens sur terre! fig come back to earth!;
    8 Art de la terre (glaise) clay; une statuette/pipe en terre a clay figurine/pipe; un pot de or en terre an earthenware pot;
    9 Électrotech earth GB, ground US; relier qch à la terre to earth GB ou ground US sth.
    B terre à terre loc adj inv [question] basic; [conversation, personne] pedestrian.
    C par terre loc adv ( dehors) on the ground; ( dedans) on the floor; ils étaient assis/couchés par terre they were sitting/lying on the ground ou floor; se rouler par terre lit to roll about on the ground ou floor; fig ( de rire) to fall about laughing; c'est à se rouler par terre it's hilarious; se rouler par terre de douleur/rire to roll on the ground with pain/laughter; mon chapeau/le téléphone est tombé par terre my hat/the telephone fell on the ground ou floor; ça a fichu tous nos projets par terre○ it messed up all our plans○.
    terre d'asile country of refuge; terre battue trodden earth; sur terre battue [tennis] on a clay court; terre de bruyère Hort peat; terre cuite baked clay; Art terracotta; figurine en terre cuite terracotta figurine; terre à foulon fuller's earth; terre glaise clay; terre noire chernozem; terre d'ombre umber; terre de pipe pipeclay; terre à poterie or potier potter's clay; terre de Sienne sienna; terre de Sienne brûlée burned sienna; terre végétale topsoil; terres rares rare earths.
    avoir les pieds sur terre to have one's feet firmly planted on the ground; garder les pieds sur terre to keep one's feet on the ground; ne pas avoir les pieds sur terre to be a dreamer, to have one's head in the clouds; elle voulait rentrer sous terre or à cent pieds sous terre she wished the ground would swallow her up.
    [tɛr] nom féminin
    A.[GLOBE]
    1. [planète]
    2. [monde terrestre] earth
    B.[SOL]
    1. [surface du sol] ground
    a. [dans une habitation] earth ou hard-earth ou mud floor
    b. [dans une cour] bare ground
    c. [sur un court de tennis] clay (surface)
    2. [élément opposé à la mer] land (substantif non comptable)
    sur la terre ferme on dry land, on terra firma
    3. [région du monde] land
    4. [pays] land, country
    5. [terrain] land (substantif non comptable), estate
    6. [symbole de la vie rurale]
    la terre the land, the soil
    revenir à/quitter la terre to return to/to leave the land
    7. ÉLECTRICITÉ earth (UK), ground (US)
    mettre ou relier quelque chose à la terre to earth (UK) ou to ground (US) something
    C.[MATIÈRE]
    1. [substance - généralement] earth, soil
    mettre ou porter quelqu'un en terre to bury somebody
    terre à vigne/à blé soil suitable for wine-growing/for wheat
    terre grasse heavy ou clayey soil
    2. [matière première] clay, earth
    terre glaise (brick) clay, brickearth (UK)
    3. [pigment]
    terre d'ombre terra ombra, raw umber
    ————————
    terres nom féminin pluriel
    [domaine, propriété] estate, estates
    vivre sur/de ses terres to live on/off one's estates
    ————————
    à terre locution adverbiale
    1. [sur le sol] on the ground
    ————————
    en pleine terre locution adverbiale
    AGRICULTURE in the open, in open ground
    ————————
    par terre locution adjectivale
    [ruiné, anéanti] spoilt, wrecked
    avec la pluie, notre promenade est par terre the rain has put paid to our walk (UK) ou ruined our plans for a walk
    ————————
    par terre locution adverbiale
    [sur le plancher] on the floor
    [sur le sol] on the ground
    ————————
    sous terre locution adverbiale
    1. [sous le sol] underground
    ————————
    sur terre locution adverbiale
    1. [ici-bas] on (this) earth

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > terre

  • 67 FYRIR

    * * *
    prep.
    I. with dat.
    1) before, in front of (ok vóru fyrir honum borin merkin);
    fyrir dyrum, before the door;
    2) before one, in one’s presence;
    hón nefndist fyrir þeim Gunnhildr, she told them that her name was G.;
    3) for;
    hann lét ryðja fyrir þeim búðina, he had the booth cleared for them, for their reception;
    4) before one, in one’s way;
    fjörðr varð fyrir þeim, they came to a fjord;
    sitja fyrir e-m, to lie in wait for one;
    5) naut. term. before, off;
    liggja fyrir bryggjum, to lie off the piers;
    fyrir Humru-mynni, off the Humber;
    6) before, at the head of, over;
    vera fyrir liði, to be over the troops;
    vera fyrir máli, to lead the case;
    sitja fyrir svörum, to undertake the defence;
    7) of time, ago;
    fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago;
    fyrir stundu, a while ago;
    fyrir löngu, long ago;
    vera fyrir e-u, to forebode (of a dream);
    8) before, above, superior to;
    Hálfdan svarti var fyrir þeim brœðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers;
    9) denoting disadvantige, harm, suffering;
    þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest E. thwart all thy affairs;
    tók at eyðast fyrir herm lausa-fé, her money began to fail;
    10) denoting obstacle, hindrance;
    mikit gøri þer mér fyrir þessu máli, you make this case hard for me;
    varð honum lítit fyrir því, it was a small matter for him;
    Ásgrími þótti þungt fyrir, A. thought that things looked bad;
    11) because of, for;
    hon undi sér hvergri fyrir verkjum, she had no rest for pains;
    fyrir hræðslu, for fear;
    illa fœrt fyrir ísum, scarcely, passable for ice;
    gáðu þeir eigi fyrir veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing, they neglected to make hay;
    fyrir því at, because, since, as;
    12) against;
    gæt þín vel fyrir konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men;
    beiða griða Baldri fyrir alls konar háska, against all kinds of harm;
    13) fyrir sér, of oneself;
    mikill fyrir sér, strong, powerful;
    minnstr fyrir sér, smallest, weakest;
    14) denoting manner or quality, with;
    hvítr fyrir hærum, while with hoary hair;
    II. with acc.
    1) before, in front of;
    halda fyrir augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes;
    2) before, into the presence of;
    stefna e-m fyrir dómstól, before a court;
    3) over;
    hlaupa fyrir björg, to leap over a precipice;
    kasta fyrir borð, to throw overboard;
    4) in one’s way, crossing one’s way;
    ríða á leið fyrir þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them;
    5) round, off;
    sigla fyrir nes, to weather a point;
    6) along, all along;
    fyrir endilangan Noreg, all along Norway, from one end to the other;
    draga ör fyrir odd, to draw the arrow past the point;
    7) of time, fyrir dag, before day;
    fyrir e-s minni, before one’s memory;
    8) for, on behalf of;
    vil ek bjóða at fara fyrir þik, I will offer to go for thee, in thy stead;
    lögvörn fyrir mál, a lawful defence for a case;
    9) for, for the benefit of;
    þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, they cut the lyme-grass for them (the horses);
    10) for, instead of, in place of, as;
    11) for, because of (vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit);
    fyrir þín orð, for thy words (intercession);
    fyrir sína vinsæld, by reason of his popularity;
    12) denoting value, price;
    fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks;
    fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost;
    13) in spite of, against (giptast fyrir ráð e-s);
    14) joined with adverbs ending in -an, governing acc. (fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan);
    fyrir austan, sunnan fjall, east, south of the fell;
    fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge;
    fyrir handan á, beyond the river;
    fyrir innan garð, inside the fence;
    III. as adverb or ellipt.
    1) ahead, before, opp. to eptir;
    þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, when this came first, preceded;
    2) first;
    mun ek þar eptir gera sem þér gerit fyrir, I shall do to you according as you do first;
    3) at hand, present, to the fore;
    föng þau, er fyrir vóru, stores that were at hand;
    þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already present (before the bride and bridegroom came);
    4) e-m verðr e-t fyrir, one takes a certain step, acts so and so;
    Kolbeini varð ekki fyrir, K. was at a loss what to do;
    e-t mælist vel (illa) fyrir, a thing is well (ill) spoken or reported of (kvæðit mæltist vel fyrir).
    * * *
    prep., in the Editions spelt differently; in MSS. this word is usually abbreviated either  (i. e. firir), or Ꝼ̆, fur͛, fvr͛ (i. e. fyrir); in some MSS. it is idiomatically spelt with i, fir͛, e. g. Arna-Magn. 382 (Bs. i. 263 sqq.); and even in the old Miracle-book Arna-Magn. 645 (Bs. i. 333 sqq.), just as ifir is written for yfir ( over); in a few MSS. it is written as a monosyllable fyr, e. g. D. I. i. 475, Mork. passim; in Kb. (Sæm.-Edda) occurs fyr telia, Vsp. I; fyr norðan, 36; fyr dyrum, Gm. 22; fyr vestan ver, Hkv. 2. 8; in other places as a dissyll. fyrir, e. g. Hm. 56, Gm. 54, Skm. 34, Ls. 15, Am. 64, Hkv. 2. 2, 19 (quoted from Bugge’s edition, see his preface, p. xvi); fyr and fyrir stand to one another in the same relation as ept to eptir, und to undir, of ( super) to yfir: this monosyllabic form is obsolete, save in the compds, where ‘for-’ is more common than ‘fyrir-;’ in some cases both forms are used, e. g. for-dæming and fyrir-dæming; in others only one, but without any fixed rule: again, the forms fyri, fyre, or fire, which are often used in Edd., are just as wrong, as if one were to say epti, undi, yfi; yet this spelling is found now and then in MSS., as, fyre, Ó. H. (facsimile); fire, Grág. Sb. ii. 288 (also facsimile): the particles í and á are sometimes added, í fur, Fms. iv. 137; í fyrir, passim; á fur, Haustl. 1. [Ulf. faur and faura; A. S. fore and for; Engl. for and fore-; Germ. für and vor; Dan. for; Swed. för; Gr. προ-; Lat. pro, prae.]
    WITH DAT., chiefly without the notion of movement.
    A. LOCAL:
    I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrum, before the doors, at the doors, Nj. 14, Vsp. 53, Hm. 69, Edda 130; niðr f. smiðju-dyrum, Eg. 142:—ahead, úti fyrir búðinni, Nj. 181; kómusk sauðirnir upp á fjallit f. þeim, ahead of them, 27; vóru fyrir honum borin merkin, the banner was borne before him, 274; göra orð fyrir sér, to send word before one, Fms. vii. 207, Hkr. iii. 335 (Ó. H. 201, l. c., frá sér):—also denoting direction, niðri í eldinum f. sér, beneath in the fire before them, Nj. 204; þeir sá f. sér bæ mikinn, they saw before them a great building, i. e. they came to a great house, Eg. 546; öðrum f. sér ( in front) en öðrum á bak sér, Grág. i. 5.
    2. before one, before one’s face, in one’s presence; úhelgaða ek Otkel f. búum, before the neighbours, Nj. 87; lýsi ek f. búum fimm, 218; lýsa e-u ( to proclaim) f. e-m, Ld. 8; hann hermdi boð öll f. Gizuri, Nj. 78; hón nefndisk f. þeim Gunnhildr, told them that her name was G., Fms. i. 8; kæra e-t f. e-m, Ó. H. 60; slíkar fortölur hafði hann f. þeim, Nj. 200; the saying, því læra börnin málið að það er f. þeim haft, bairns learn to speak because it is done before them, i. e. because they hear it; hafa gott (íllt) f. e-m, to give a good (bad) example, e. g. in the presence of children; lifa vel f. Guði, to live well before God, 623. 29; stór ábyrgðar-hluti f. Guði, Nj. 199; sem þeir sjá réttast f. Guði, Grág. i. (pref.); fyrir öllum þeim, Hom. 89; á laun f. öðrum mönnum, hidden from other men, unknown to them, Grág. i. 337, Jb. 378; nú skaltú vera vin minn mikill f. húsfreyju minni, i. e. when you talk to my wife, Nj. 265; fyrir Drottni, before the Lord, Merl. 2. 78.
    3. denoting reception of guests, visitors; hann lét ryðja f. þeim búðina, he had the room cleared for them, for their reception, Nj. 228; Valhöll ryðja fyr vegnu fólki, i. e. to clear Valhalla for slain folk, Em. I; ryðja vígvöll f. vegundum, Nj. 212; ljúka upp f. e-m, to open the door for one, Fms. xi. 323, Stj. 5; rýma pallinn f. þeim, Eg. 304; hann lét göra eld f. þeim, he had a fire made for them, 204; þeir görðu eld. f. sér, Fms. xi. 63; … veizlur þar sem fyrir honum var búit, banquets that were ready for him, Eg. 45.
    II. before one, in one’s way; þar er díki varð f. þeim, Eg. 530; á (fjörðr) varð f. þeim, a river, fjord, was before them, i. e. they came to it, 133, 161; at verða eigi f. liði yðru, 51; maðr sá varð f. Vindum, that man was overtaken by the V., Hkr. iii. 363; þeirra manna er f. honum urðu, Eg. 92.
    2. sitja f. e-m, to lie in wait for one, Ld. 218, Nj. 107; lá f. henni í skóginum, Edda (pref.); sitja f. rekum, to sit watching for wrecks, Eg. 136 (fyrir-sát).
    3. ellipt., menn urðu at gæta sín er f. urðu, Nj. 100; Egill var þar f. í runninum, E. was before (them), lay in ambush, Eg. 378; hafði sá bana er f. varð, who was before (the arrow), i. e. he was hit, Nj. 8.
    4. verða f. e-u, to be hit, taken, suffer from a thing; ef hann verðr f. drepi, if he be struck, Grág. ii. 19; verða f. áverka, to be wounded, suffer injury, Ld. 140; verða f. reiði konungs, to fall into disgrace with the king, Eg. 226; verða f. ósköpum, to become the victim of a spell, spell-bound, Fas. i. 130; sitja f. hvers manns ámæli, to be the object of all men’s blame, Nj. 71; vera eigi f. sönnu hafðr, to be unjustly charged with a thing, to be innocent.
    III. a naut. term, before, off; liggja f. bryggjum, to lie off the pier, Ld. 166; skip fljóta f. strengjum, Sks. 116; þeir lágu f. bænum, they lay off the town, Bs. i. 18; liggja úti f. Jótlands-síðu, off Jutland, Eg. 261; hann druknaði f. Jaðri, off the J., Fms. i. II; þeir kómu at honum f. Sjólandi, off Zealand, x. 394; hafa úti leiðangr f. landi, Hkr. i. 301; f. Humru-minni, off the Humber, Orkn. 338, cp. Km. 3, 8, 9, 13, 19, 21; fyrir Nesjum, off the Ness, Vellekla; fyrir Tungum, Sighvat; fyrir Spáni, off Spain, Orkn. 356.
    IV. before, at the head of, denoting leadership; smalamaðr f. búi föður síns, Ver. 26 (of king David); vera f. liði, to be over the troops, Eg. 292, Nj. 7; vera f. máli, to lead the case, Band. 8; vera forstjóri f. búi, to be steward over the household, Eg. 52; ráða f. landi, ríki, etc., to rule, govern, Ó H. 33, Nj. 5; hverr f. eldinum réði, who was the ringleader of the fire, Eg. 239; ráða f. e-u, to rule, manage a thing, passim: the phrase, sitja f. svörum, to respond on one’s behalf, Ölk. 36, Band. 12; hafa svör f. e-m, to be the chief spokesman, Fms. x. 101, Dipl. v. 26.
    V. special usages; friða f. e-m, to make peace for one, Fms. vii. 16, Bs. i. 65; bæta f. e-m, to make things good for one, Hom. 109; túlka, vera túlkr, flytja (etc.) f. e-m, to plead for one, Fms. iii. 33, Nj. 128,—also spilla f. e-m, to disparage one, Eg. 255; haga, ætla f. e-u, to manage, arrange for one, Ld. 208, Sturl. i. 14, Boll. 356; rífka ráð f. e-m, to better one’s condition, Nj. 21; ráða heiman-fylgju ok tilgjöf f. frændkonu sinni, Js. 58; standa f. manni, to stand before, shield a man, stand between him and his enemy, Eg. 357, Grág. ii. 13; vera skjöldr f. e-m, 655 xxxii. 4; hafa kostnað f. e-u, to have the expences for a thing, Ld. 14; vinna f. e-m, to support one by one’s work, Sks. 251; starfa f. fé sínu, to manage one’s money, Ld. 166; hyggja f. e-u, to take heed for a thing, Nj. 109; hyggja f. sér, Fs. 5; hafa forsjá f. e-m, to provide for one, Ld. 186; sjá f. e-u, to see after, Eg. 118, Landn, 152; sjá þú nokkut ráð f. mér, Nj. 20: ironic. to put at rest, Háv. 40: ellipt., sjá vel f., to provide well for, Nj. 102.
    B. TEMP. ago; fyrir þrem nóttum, three nights ago; fyrir stundu, a while ago, Nj. 80; fyrir litlu, a little while ago, Fms. i. 76, Ld. 134; fyrir skömmu, a sbort while ago; fyrir löngu, a long while ago, Nj. 260, Fms. i. 50; fyrir öndverðu, from the beginning, Grág. i. 80, ii. 323, 394, Finnb. 342; fyrir þeim, before they were born, Fms. i. 57.
    2. the phrase, vera f. e-u, to forebode; vera f. stórfundum, Nj. 107, 277; þat hygg ek vera munu f. siða-skipti, Fms. xi. 12; þessi draumr mun vera f. kvámu nökkurs manns, vii. 163; dreyma draum f. e-u, 8; fyrir tiðendum, ii. 65:—spá f. e-m, to ‘spae’ before, prophecy to one, Nj. 171.
    C. METAPH.:
    I. before, above; þóttu þeir þar f. öllum ungum mönnum, Dropl. 7; þykkisk hann mjök f. öðrum mönnum, Ld. 38; ver f. hirðmönnum, be first among my herdsmen, Eg. 65; Hálfdan svarti var f. þeim bræðrum, H. was the foremost of the brothers, Fms. i. 4; þorgrímr var f. sonum Önundar, Grett. 87; var Haraldr mest f. þeim at virðingu, Fms. i. 47.
    II. denoting help, assistance; haun skal rétta vættið f. þeim, Grág. i. 45 (vide above A. IV and V).
    2. the following seem to be Latinisms, láta lífit f. heilagri Kristni, to give up one’s life for holy Christianity, = Lat. pro, Fms. vii. 172; ganga undir píslir fyrir Guðs nafni, Blas. 38; gjalda önd mína f. önd þinni, Johann. 17; gefa gjöf f. sál sinni ( pro animâ suâ), H. E. i. 466; fyrir mér ok minni sál, Dipl. iv. 8; færa Guði fórnir f. e-m, 656 A; heita f. e-m, biðja f. e-m, to make a vow, pray for one (orare pro), Fms. iii. 48, Bs. i. 70; biðja f. mönnum, to intercede for, 19, Fms. xi. 287: even with a double construction, biðja f. stað sinn (acc., which is vernacular) ok heilagri kirkju (dat., which is a Latinism), x. 127.
    III. denoting disadvantage, harm, suffering; þú lætr Egil vefja öll mál fyrir þér, thou lettest Egil thwart all thy affairs, Eg. 249; únýtir hann þá málit fyrir sér, then he ruins his own case, Grág. i. 36, Dropl. 14, 16; Manverjar rufu safnaðinn f. Þorkatli, the Manxmen broke up the assembly, i. e. forsook Thorkel, Fms. ix. 422; kom upp grátr f. henni, she burst into tears, 477; taka fé f. öðrum, to take another’s money, N. G. L. i. 20; knörr þann er konungr lét taka fyrir Þórólfi, Landn. 56; ef hross verðr tekit f. honum, if a horse of his be taken, Grág. i. 436; hann tók upp fé fyrir öllum, he seized property for them all, Ó. H. 60; e-t ferr ílla f. e-m, a thing turns out ill for one; svá fór f. Ólófu, so it came to pass for O., Vígl. 18; loka dyrr f. e-m, to lock the door in one’s face, Edda 21: þeir hafa eigi þessa menn f. yðr drepit, heldr f. yðrar sakir þessi víg vegit, i. e. they have not harmed you, but rather done you a service in slaying those men, Fbr. 33; tók at eyðask f. henni lausa-fé, her money began to fail, Nj. 29; rak á f. þeim storma ok stríðviðri, they were overtaken by gales and bad weather, Vígl. 27; Víglundr rak út knöttinn f. Jökli, V. drove the ball for J., i. e. so that he had to run after it, 24; sá er skar tygil f. Þóri, he who cut Thor’s line, Bragi; sverð brast f. mér, my sword broke, Korm. 98 (in a verse); brjóta e-t f. e-m, to break a thing for one, Bs. i. 15 (in a verse); Valgarðr braut krossa fyrir Merði ok öll heilög tákn, Nj. 167; árin brotnaði f. honum, his oar broke; allar kýrnar drápust fyrir honum, all his cows died.
    2. denoting difficulty, hindrance; sitja f. sæmd e-s, to sit between oneself and one’s honour, i. e. to hinder one’s doing well, Sturl. 87; mikit göri þér mér f. þessu máli, you make this case sore for me, Eb. 124; þér er mikit f. máli, thy case stands ill, Fms. v. 325; ekki er Guði f. því, it is easy for God to do, 656 B. 9; varð honum lítið f. því, it was a small matter for him, he did it easily, Grett. III; mér er minna f. því, it is easier for me, Am. 60; þykkja mikit f. e-u, to be much grieved for a thing, do it unwillingly, Nj. 77; Icel. also say, þykja fyrir (ellipt.), to feel hurt, be displeased:—ellipt., er þeim lítið fyrir at villa járnburð þenna, it is a small matter for them to spoil this ordeal, Ó. H. 140; sem sér muni lítið f. at veiða Gunnar, Nj. 113; fast mun f. vera, it will be fast-fixed before (one), hard to move, Ld. 154; Ásgrími þótti þungt f., A. thought that things looked sad (heavy), Nj. 185; hann var lengi f., he was long about it, Fms. x. 205; hann var lengi f. ok kvað eigi nei við, he was cross and said not downright no, Þorf. Karl. 388.
    IV. in a causal sense, for, because of, Lat. per, pro; sofa ek né mákat fugls jarmi fyrir, I cannot sleep for the shrill cry of birds, Edda 16 (in a verse); hon undi sér hvergi f. verkjum, she had no rest for pains, Bjarn. 69; fyrir gráti, tárum, = Lat. prae lacrymis; fyrir harmi, for sorrow; f. hlátri, for laughter, as in Engl.; þeir æddust f. einni konu, they went mad for the sake of one woman, Sól. 11; ílla fært f. ísum, scarce passable for ice, Fms. xi. 360; hætt var at sitja útar f. Miðgarðs-ormi, Edda 35; hann var lítt gengr f. sárinu, he could hardly walk for the wound, Fbr. 178; fyrir hræðslu, for fear, Hbl. 26; heptisk vegrinn f. þeim meinvættum sem …, Fs. 4; gáðu þeir eigi f. veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing they took no care to make hay, Landn. 30; fyrir riki konungs, for the king’s power, Eg. 67, 117; fyrir ofríki manna, Grág. i. 68; fyrir hví, for why? Eluc. 4; fyrir hví þeir væri þar, Eg. 375; fyrir því, at …, for that, because, Edda 35, Fms. i. 22, vii. 330, Ld. 104; en fyrir því nú at, now since, Skálda 171; nú fyrir því at, id., 169: the phrase, fyrir sökum, for the sake of, because of, passim; vide sök.
    V. by, by the force of; öxlin gékk ór liði fyrir högginu, the shoulder was disjointed by the force of the stroke, Háv. 52.
    2. denoting contest; falla f. e-m, to fall before one, i. e. fighting against one, Fms. i. 7, iv. 9, x. 196; verða halloki f. e-m, to be overcome in fighting one, Ld. 146; látask f. e-m, to perish by one, Eb. 34; hafa bana f. e-m, to be slain by one, Nj. 43; þeir kváðu fá fúnað hafa f. honum, 263; mæddisk hann f. þeim, he lost his breath in fighting them, Eg. 192; láta ríki f. e-m, to lose the kingdom before another, i. e. so that the latter gains it, 264; láta lausar eignir mínar f. þér, 505; láta hlut sinn f. e-m, Fs. 47; standask f. e-m, to stand one’s ground before one, Edda (pref.); hugðisk hann falla mundu f. sjóninni einni saman, that he would sink before his glance, 28, Hým. 12; halda hlut f. e-m, Ld. 54; halda frið ok frelsi f. várum óvinum, Fms. viii. 219; fara mun ek sem ek hefi áðr ætlað f. þínum draum ( thy dream notwithstanding), Ld. 216; þér farit hvárt er þér vilit f. mér, you go wherever you like for me, so far as I am concerted, Fær. 37; halda vöku f. sér, to keep oneself awake, Fms. i. 216.
    β. with verbs, flýja, hlaupa, renna, stökkva f. e-m, to fly, leap, run before one, i. e. to be pursued, Bs. i. 774, Grág. ii. 359; at hann rynni f. þrælum hans, Ld. 64; fyrir þessum úfriði stökk Þangbrandr til Noregs, 180; skyldi hann ganga ór á f. Hofsmönnum, Landn. 178; ganga f. e-u, to give way before, yield to a thing, Fms. i. 305, x. 292; vægja f. e-m, to yield to one, give way, Eg. 21, 187, Nj. 57, Ld. 234.
    VI. against; verja land f. e-m, Eg. 32; verja landit f. Dönum ok öðrum víkingum, Fms. i. 23; til landvarnar f. víkingum, Eg. 260; landvarnar-maðr f. Norðmönnum, Fms. vi. 295; gæta brúarinnar f. bergrisum, Edda 17; gæt þín vel f. konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee well against the king and his men, Eg. 113; góð aðstoð f. tröllum ok dvergum, Bárð. 163; beiða Baldri griða f. allskonar háska, Edda 36; auðskæðr f. höggum, Eg. 770.
    VII. in the sense of being driven before; fyrir straumi, veðri, vindi, before the stream, wind, weather (forstreymis, forvindis), Grág. ii. 384, Fms. vii. 262; halda f. veðri, to stand before the wind, Róm. 211.
    2. rýrt mun verða f. honum smá-mennit, he will have an easy game with the small people, Nj. 94: ellipt., hafði sá bana er f. varð, 8; sprakk f., 16, 91.
    VIII. fyrir sér, of oneself, esp. of physical power; mikill f. sér, strong, powerful; lítill f. sér, weak, feeble, Nj. 20, Ísl. ii. 368, Eg. 192; þér munuð kalla mik lítinn mann f. mér, Edda 33; minnstr f. sér, smallest, weakest, Eg. 123; gildr maðr f. sér, Ísl. ii. 322, Fms. ii. 145; herðimaðr mikiil f. sér, a hardy man, Nj. 270; hvat ert þú f. þér, what kind of fellow art thou? Clem. 33; vera einn f. sér, to be a strange fellow, Grett. 79 new Ed.; Icel. also say, göra mikið (lítið) f. sér, to make oneself big ( little).
    β. sjóða e-t f. sér, to hesitate, saunter, Nj. 154; mæla f. munni, to talk between one’s teeth, to mutter, Orkn. 248, Nj. 249.
    IX. denoting manner or quality; hvítr f. hærum, white with hoary hairs, Fms. vi. 95, Fas. ii. 540; gráir fyrir járnum, grey with steel, of a host in armour, Mag. 5; hjölt hvít f. silfri, a hilt white with silver = richly silvered, Eb. 226.
    X. as adverb or ellipt.,
    1. ahead, in front, = á undan, Lat. prae, opp. to eptir; þá var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór fyrir, as this came first, preceded, Nj. 34; at einhverr mundi fara heim fyrir, that some one would go home first (to spy), Eg. 580; Egill fór f., E. went in before, id.; at vér ríðim þegar f. í nótt, 283.
    β. first; hann stefndi f. málinu, en hann mælti eptir, one pronounced the words first, but the other repeated after him, Nj. 35; mun ek þar eptir göra sem þér gerit f., I shall do to you according as you do first, 90:—temp., sjau nóttum f., seven nights before, Grág. ii. 217.
    2. to the fore, at hand, present; þar var fyrir fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was already to the fore, i. e. before the bride and bridegroom came, Nj. 11; úvíst er at vita hvar úvinir sitja á fleti fyrir, Hm. 1; skal þá lögmaðr þar f. vera, he shall be there present, Js. 3; heima í túni fyrir, Fær. 50; þar vóru fyrir Hildiríðar-synir, Eg. 98; var honum allt kunnigt fyrir, he knew all about the localities, 583; þeim ómögum, sem f. eru, who are there already, i. e. in his charge, Grág. i. 286: of things, föng þau er f. vóru, stores that were to the fore, at hand, Eg. 134.
    3. fore, opp. to ‘back,’ of clothes; slæður settar f. allt gullknöppum, Eg. 516; bak ok fyrir, back and front, = bak ok brjóst, Mar.
    XI. in the phrase, e-m verðr e-t fyrir, a thing is before one, i. e. one takes that and that step, acts so and so in an emergency; nú verðr öðrum þeirra þat f., at hann kveðr, now if the other part alleges, that …, Grág. i. 362; Kolbeini varð ekki f., K. had no resource, i. e. lost his head, Sturl. iii. 285:—the phrase, e-t mælisk vel (ílla) fyrir, a thing is well ( ill) reported of; víg Gunnars spurðisk ok mæltisk ílla fyrir um allar sveitir, Nj. 117, Sturl. ii. 151; mun þat vel f. mælask, people will like it well, Nj. 29, Þórð. 55 new Ed.; ílla mun þat f. mælask at ganga á sættir við frændr sína, Ld. 238; ok er lokit var, mæltisk kvæðit vel f., the people praised the poem, Fms. vii. 113.
    XII. in special senses, either as prep. or adv. (vide A. V. above); segja leið f. skipi, to pilot a ship, Eg. 359; segja f. skipi, to say a prayer for a new ship or for any ship going to sea, Bs. i. 774, Fms. x. 480; mæla f. e-u, to dictate, Grág. ii. 266; mæla f. minni, to bring out a toast, vide minni; mæla f. sætt, i. 90; skipa, koma e-u f., to arrange, put right; ætla f. e-u, to make allowance for; trúa e-m f. e-u, to entrust one with; það fer mikið f. e-u (impers.), it is of great compass, bulky; hafa f. e-u, to have trouble with a thing; leita f. sér, to enquire; biðjask f., to say one’s prayers, vide biðja; mæla fyrir, segja f., etc., to order, Nj. 103, Js. 3: of a spell or solemn speaking, hann mælti svá f., at …, Landn. 34; spyrjask f., to enquire, Hkr. ii. 333; búask f., to prepare, make arrangement, Landn. 35, Sks. 551; skipask f., to draw up, Nj. 197; leggjask f., to lie down in despair, Bs. i. 194; spá fyrir, to ‘spae’ before, foretell; þeir menn er spá f. úorðna hluti, Fms. i. 96; segja f., to foretell, 76, Bb. 332; Njáll hefir ok sagt f. um æfi hans, Nj. 102; vita e-t f., to ‘wit’ beforehand, know the future, 98; sjá e-t f., to foresee, 162; ef þat er ætlat f., fore-ordained, id.
    WITH ACC., mostly with the notion of movement.
    A. LOCAL:
    I. before, in front of; fyrir dyrrin, Nj. 198; láta síga brýnn f. brár, Hkv. Hjörv. 19; halda f. augu sér, to hold (one’s hands) before one’s eyes, Nj. 132; leggja sverði fyrir brjóst e-m, to thrust a sword into his breast, 162, Fs. 39.
    2. before one, before a court; stefna e-m f. dómstól, Fms. xi. 444; ganga, koma f. e-n, to go, come before one, Fms. i. 15, Eg. 426, Nj. 6, 129, passim; fyrir augu e-s, before one’s eyes, Stj. 611.
    3. before, so as to shield; hann kom skildinum f. sik, he put the shield before him, Nj. 97, 115; halda skildi f. e-n, a duelling term, since the seconder had to hold one’s shield, Ísl. ii. 257.
    4. joined to adverbs such as fram, aptr, út, inn, ofan, niðr, austr, vestr, suðr, norðr, all denoting direction; fram f., forward; aptr f., backward, etc.; hann reiddi öxina fram f. sik, a stroke forward with the axe, Fms. vii. 91; hann hljóp eigi skemra aptr en fram fyrir sik, Nj. 29; þótti honum hann skjóta brandinum austr til fjallanna f. sik, 195; komask út f. dyrr, to go outside the door, Eg. 206:—draga ofan f. brekku, to drag over the hill, Ld. 220; hrinda f. mel ofan, to thrust one over the gravel bank, Eg. 748; hlaupa f. björg, to leap over a precipice, Eb. 62, Landn. 36; elta e-n f. björg, Grág. ii. 34; hlaupa (kasta) f. borð, to leap ( throw) overboard, Fms. i. 178, Hkr. iii. 391, Ld. 226; síga ( to be hauled) niðr f. borgar-vegg, 656 C. 13, Fms. ix. 3; hlaupa niðr f. stafn, Eg. 142; niðr f. skaflinn, Dropl. 25; fyrir brekku, Orkn. 450, Glúm. 395 (in a verse).
    II. in one’s way, crossing one’s way; þeir stefndu f. þá, Fms. ix. 475; ríða á leið f. þá, to ride in their way, so as to meet them, Boll. 348; hlaupa ofan f. þá, Nj. 153; vóru allt komin f. hann bréf, letters were come before him, in his way, Fms. vii. 207; þeir felldu brota f. hann, viz. they felled trees before him, so as to stop him, viii. 60, ix. 357; leggja bann f. skip, to lay an embargo on a ship, Ld. 166.
    III. round, off a point; fyrir nesit, Nj. 44; út f. Holm, out past the Holm, Fms. vii. 356: esp. as a naut. term, off a point on the shore, sigla f. England, Norðyrnbraland, Þrasnes, Spán, to sail by the coast of, stand off England, Northumberland, … Spain, Orkn. 338, 340, 342, 354; fyrir Yrjar, Fms. vii. (in a verse); fyrir Siggju, Aumar, Lista, Edda 91 (in a verse); er hann kom f. Elfina, when be came off the Gotha, Eg. 80; leggja land f. skut, to lay the land clear of the stern, i. e. to pass it, Edda l. c.; göra frið f. land sitt, to pacify the land from one end to another, Ld. 28; fyrir uppsprettu árinnar, to come to ( round) the sources of the river, Fms. iii. 183; fyrir garðs-enda, Grág. ii. 263; girða f. nes, to make a wall across the ness, block it up, cp. Lat. praesepire, praemunire, etc., Grág. ii. 263; so also binda f. op, poka, Lat. praeligare, praestringere; hlaða f. gat, holu, to stop a hole, opening; greri f. stúfinn, the stump (of the arm or leg) was healed, closed, Nj. 275; skjóta slagbrandi f. dyrr, to shoot a bolt before the door, to bar it, Dropl. 29; láta loku (lás) f. hurð, to lock a door, Gísl. 28; setja innsigli f. bréf, to set a seal to a letter, Dipl. i. 3: ellipt., setr hón þar lás fyrir, Ld. 42, Bs. i. 512.
    2. along, all along; f. endilanga Danmörk, f. endilangan Noreg, all along Denmark, Norway, from one end to the other, Fms. iv. 319, xi. 91, Grett. 97:—öx álnar f. munn, an axe with an ell-long edge, Ld. 276; draga ör f. ödd, to draw the arrow past the point, an archer’s term, Fms. ii. 321.
    IV. with verbs, fyrir ván komit, one is come past hope, all hope is gone, Sturl. i. 44, Hrafn. 13, Fms. ii. 131; taka f. munn e-m, to stop one’s mouth; taka f. háls, kverkar, e-m, to seize one by the throat, etc.; taka mál f. munn e-m, ‘verba alicujus praeripere,’ to take the word out of one’s mouth, xi. 12; taka f. hendr e-m, to seize one’s hands, stop one in doing a thing, Eb. 124; mod., taka fram f. hendrnar á e-m.
    B. TEMP.: fyrir dag, before day, Eg. 80; f. miðjan dag, Ld. 14; f. sól, before sunrise, 268; f. sólar-lag, before sunset; f. miðjan aptan, Nj. 192; f. náttmál, 197; f. óttu, Sighvat; f. þinglausnir, Ölk. 37; f. Jól, Nj. 269; f. fardaga, Grág. ii. 341; viku f. sumar, 244; f. mitt sumar, Nj. 138; litlu f. vetr, Eg. 159; f. vetrnætr, Grág. ii. 217; f. e-s minni, before one’s memory, Íb. 16.
    C. METAPH.:
    I. above, before; hann hafdi mest fyrir aðra konunga hraustleikinn, Fms. x. 372.
    II. for, on behalf of; vil ek bjóða at fara f. þik, I will go for thee, in thy stead, Nj. 77; ganga í skuld f. e-n, Grág. i. 283; Egill drakk … ok svá f. Ölvi, Eg. 210; kaupa e-t f. e-n, Nj. 157; gjalda gjöld f. e-n, Grág. i. 173; verja, sækja, sakir f. e-n, Eg. 504; hvárr f. sik, each for oneself, Dipl. v. 26; sættisk á öll mál f. Björn, Nj. 266; tók sættir f. Björn, Eg. 168; svara f. e-t, Fms. xi. 444; hafa til varnir f. sik, láta lýrit, lög-vörn koma f.; færa vörn f. sik, etc.; verja, sækja sakir f. sik, and many similar law phrases, Grág. passim; biðja konu f. e-n, to woo a lady for another, Fms. x. 44; fyrir mik, on my behalf, for my part, Gs. 16; lögvörn f. mál, a lawful defence for a case, Nj. 111; hafa til varnar f. sök, to defend a case, Grág. i. 61; halda skiladómi f. e-t, Dipl. iv. 8; festa lög f. e-t, vide festa.
    III. in a distributive sense; penning f. mann, a penny per man, K. Þ. K. 88; fyrir nef hvert, per nose = per head, Lv. 89, Fms. i. 153, Ó. H. 141; hve f. marga menn, for how many men, Grág. i. 296; fyrir hverja stiku, for each yard, 497.
    IV. for, for the benefit of; brjóta brauð f. hungraða, Hom. 75; þeir skáru f. þá melinn, they cut the straw for them (the horses), Nj. 265; leggja kostnað f. e-n, to defray one’s costs, Grág. i. 341.
    V. for, instead of; hann setti sik f. Guð, Edda (pref.); hafa e-n f. Guð (Lat. pro Deo), Stj. 73, Barl. 131; geta, fá, kveðja mann f. sik, to get a man as one’s delegate or substitute, Grág. i. 48 passim; þeir höfðu vargstakka f. brynjur, Fs. 17; manna-höfuð vóru f. kljána, Nj. 275; gagl f. gás ok grís f. gamalt svín, Ó. H. 86; rif stór f. hlunna, Háv. 48; buðkr er f. húslker er hafðr, Vm. 171; auga f. auga, tönn f. tönn, Exod. xxi. 24; skell f. skillinga, Þkv. 32.
    VI. because of, for; vilja Gunnar dauðan fyrir höggit, Nj. 92, Fms. v. 162; eigi f. sakleysi, not without ground, i. 302; fyrir hvat (why, for what) stefndi Gunnarr þeim til úhelgi? Nj. 101; ok urðu f. þat sekir, Landn. 323; hafa ámæli f. e-t, Nj. 65, passim.
    2. in a good sense, for one’s sake, for one; fyrir þín orð, for thy words, intercession, Ísl. ii. 217; vil ek göra f. þín orð, Ld. 158, Nj. 88; fyrir sína vinsæld, by his popularity, Fms. i. 259: the phrase, fyrir e-s sök, for one’s sake, vide sök: in swearing, a Latinism, fyrir trú mína, by my faith! (so in Old Engl. ‘fore God), Karl. 241; fyrir þitt líf, Stj. 514; ek særi þik f. alla krapta Krists ok manndóm þinn, Nj. 176. VII. for, at, denoting value, price; fyrir þrjár merkr, for three marks, Eg. 714; er sik leysti út f. þrjú hundruð marka, Fms. ix. 421; ganga f. hundrað, to pass or go for a hundred, D. I. i. 316:—also of the thing bought, þú skalt reiða f. hana þrjár merkr, thou shall pay for her three marks, Ld. 30; fyrir þik skulu koma mannhefndir, Nj. 57; bætr f. víg, Ísl. ii. 274; bætr f. mann, Eg. 259, passim; fyrir áverka Þorgeirs kom legorðs-sökin, Nj. 101:—so in the phrase, fyrir hvern mun, by all means, at any cost; fyrir öngan mun, by no means, Fms. i. 9, 157, Gþl. 531:—hafði hverr þeirra mann f. sik, eða tvá …, each slew a man or more for himself, i. e. they sold their lives dearly, Ó. H. 217.
    2. ellipt., í staðinn f., instead of, Grág. i. 61; hér vil ek bjóða f. góð boð, Nj. 77; taka umbun f., Fms. vii. 161; svara slíku f. sem …, Boll. 350; þér skulut öngu f. týna nema lífinu, you shall lose nothing less than your head, Nj. 7.
    VIII. by means of, by, through; fyrir þat sama orð, Stj.; fyrir sína náttúru, Fms. v. 162; fyrir messu-serkinn, iii. 168; fyrir þinn krapt ok frelsis-hönd, Pass. 19. 12; svikin f. orminn, by the serpent, Al. 63,—this use of fyrir seems to be a Latinism, but is very freq. in eccl. writings, esp. after the Reformation, N. T., Pass., Vídal.; fyrir munn Davíðs, through the mouth of David, etc.:—in good old historical writings such instances are few; þeir hlutuðu f. kast ( by dice), Sturl. ii. 159.
    IX. in spite of, against; fyrir vilja sinn, N. G. L. i. 151; fyrir vitorð eðr vilja e-s, against one’s will or knowledge, Grág. ii. 348; kvángask (giptask) f. ráð e-s, i. 177, 178, Þiðr. 190; nú fara menn f. bann ( in spite of an embargo) landa á milli, Gþl. 517; hann gaf henni líf f. framkvæmd farar, i. e. although she had not fulfilled her journey ( her vow), Fms. v. 223; fyrir várt lof, vi. 220; fyrir allt þat, in spite of all that, Grett. 80 new Ed.; fyrir ráð fram, heedlessly; fyrir lög fram, vide fram.
    X. denoting capacity, in the same sense as ‘at,’ C. II, p. 27, col. 1; scarcely found in old writers (who use ‘at’), but freq. in mod. usage, thus, eigi e-n f. vin, to have one for a friend, in old writers ‘at vin;’ hafa e-n f. fífl, fól, to make sport of one.
    2. in old writers some phrases come near to this, e. g. vita f. vist, to know for certain, Dipl. i. 3; vita f. full sannindi, id., ii. 16; hafa f. satt, to take for sooth, believe, Nj. 135; koma f. eitt, to come ( turn) all to one, Lv. 11, Nj. 91, Fms. i. 208; koma f. ekki, to come to naught, be of no avail, Ísl. ii. 215; fyrir hitt mun ganga, it will turn the other way, Nj. 93; fyrir hann er einskis örvænt orðs né verks, from him everything may be expected, Ísl. ii. 326; hafa e-s víti f. varnað, to have another’s faults for warning, Sól. 19.
    XI. joined with adverbs ending in -an, fyrir austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, útan, innan, framan, handan, ofan, neðan, either with a following acc. denoting. direction, thus, fyrir austan, sunnan … fjall, east, south of the fell, i. e. on the eastern, southern side; fyrir neðan brú, below the bridge; fyrir útan fjall = Lat. ultra; fyrir innan fjall = Lat. infra; fyrir handan á, beyond the river; fyrir innan garð, inside the yard; fyrir ofan garð, above, beyond the yard, etc.; vide these adverbs:—used adverb., fyrir sunnan, in the south; fyrir vestan, in the west; fyrir norðan, in the north; fyrir austan, in the east,—current phrases in Icel. to mark the quarters of the country, cp. the ditty in Esp. Árb. year 1530; but not freq. in old writers, who simply say, norðr, suðr …, cp. Kristni S. ch. 1: absol. and adverb., fyrir ofan, uppermost; fyrir handan, on the other side:—fyrir útan e-t, except, save, Anal. 98, Vkv. 8; fyrir fram, vide fram.
    ☞ For- and fyrir- as prefixes, vide pp. 163–167 and below:
    I. fore-, for-, meaning before, above, in the widest sense, local, temp., and metaph. furthering or the like, for-dyri, for-nes, for-ellri, for-beini, etc.
    β. before, down, for-brekkis, -bergis, -streymis, -vindis, -viðris, etc.
    2. in an intens. sense = before others, very, but not freq.; for-dyld, -góðr, -hagr, -hraustr, -kostuligr, -kuðr, -lítill, -ljótr, -prís, -ríkr, -snjallr.
    II. (cp. fyrir, acc., C. IX), in a neg. or priv. sense; a few words occur even in the earliest poems, laws, and writers, e. g. for-að, -átta, -dæða, -nám, -næmi, -sending, -sköp, -verk, -veðja, -viða, -vitni, -ynja, -yrtir; those words at least seem to be original and vernacular: at a later time more words of the same kind crept in:
    1. as early as writers of the 13th and 14th centuries, e. g. for-boð, -bænir, -djarfa, -dæma (fyrir-dæma), -taka (fyrir-taka), -þóttr; fyrir-bjóða, -fara, -göra, -koma, -kunna, -líta, -muna, -mæla, -vega, -verða.
    2. introduced in some words at the time of the Reformation through Luther’s Bible and German hymns, and still later in many more through Danish, e. g. for-brjóta, -drífa, -láta, -líkast, -merkja, -nema, -sorga, -sóma, -standa, -svara, -þénusta, and several others; many of these, however, are not truly naturalised, being chiefly used in eccl. writings:—it is curious that if the pronoun be placed after the verb (which is the vernacular use in Icel.) the sense is in many cases reversed; thus, fyrir-koma, to destroy, but koma e-u fyrir can only mean to arrange; so also fyrir-mæla, to curse, and mæla fyrir, to speak for; for-bænir, but biðja fyrir e-m, etc.; in the latter case the sense is good and positive, in the former bad and negative; this seems to prove clearly that these compds are due to foreign influence.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > FYRIR

  • 68 mið-garðr

    m. [in Cumberland three farms, High-garth, Middle-garth, Low-garth]
    I. the ‘mid-yard’ ‘middle-town,’ i. e. the earth, a mythol. word common to all ancient Teut. languages; thus Ulf. renders the Gr. οἰκουμένη by midjungards; Hel, calls the earth middil-gard; the. A. S. homilies instead of earth say middan-geard (meddlert, Jamieson), and use the word as an appellative; but the Icel. Edda alone has preserved the true mythical bearing of this old Teut. word.—The earth (Miðgarð), the abode of men, is seated in the middle of the universe, bordered by mountains and surrounded by the great sea (úthaf); on the other side of this sea is the Út-garð ( out-yard), the abode of giants; the Miðgarð is defended by the ‘yard’ or ‘burgh’ Ás-garð ( the burgh of the gods), lying in the middle (the heaven being conceived as rising above the earth). Thus the earth and mankind are represented as a stronghold besieged by the powers of evil from without, defended by the gods from above and from within; see Vsp. 4, Gm. 41, Edda 6, 25, 26, 35: mankind is said to abide ‘undir Miðgarði,’ under the Midgard, Hbl. 23; mest manna-val und Miðgarði, Hdl. 11, 16, Fms. vi. 423 (in a verse); um allan Miðgarð, Blanda. Miðgarðs-ormr, m. the Serpent of Midgard. the world serpent of the ancient mythology hidden in the ocean, whose coils gird round the whole Midgard, Edda 18, 34–36, 41, 42; dólgr Miðgarðs-orms, the antagonist of the M. = Thor, Edda 53; muntú vera ormr sá er verstr er til er menn kalla Miðgarðsorm, Fas. i. 373. In old Icel. translations of legends Leviathan is rendered by Miðgarðsormr, Niðrst. 3, Post. 686 C. 2. The god Thor is called Miðgarðs-véorr, m. = the holy one of M., Vsp.; miðgarðs verjandi, the defender of Midgard, Edda 53; cp. Þórr hefir varðan Miðgarð af þrek, Edda (in a verse).
    II. Miðgarðr, as a local name. Icel. map.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > mið-garðr

  • 69 क्षेत्र


    kshétra
    n. (2. kshi) landed property, land, soil ( kshétrasyapáti,

    « lord of the soil»
    N. of a kind of tutelary deity RV. AV. II, 8, 5 ;
    alsoﾠ kshétrasyapátnī, « mistress of the soil», andﾠ kshétrāṇāmpáti, « the lord of the soil»
    N. of tutelary deities AV. II, 12, 1 VS. XVI, 18);
    « soil of merit», a Buddha orﾠ any holy person Divyâ̱v. ;
    a field (e.g.. - traṉ-kṛi, « to cultivate a field» Mn. Yājñ. II, 158 ;
    cf. sasya-ksh-) RV. etc.;
    place, region, country RV. AV. III, 28, 3 TS. VII Suṡr. Megh. Vet. ;
    a house L. ;
    a town L. ;
    department, sphere of action MBh. XIV, 126 R. etc.. ;
    place of origin, place where anything is found Yogas. II, 4 Suṡr. BhP. VIII, 12, 33 ;
    a sacred spot orﾠ district, place of pilgrimage (as Benares etc.;
    often ifc.) BrahmaP. ;
    an enclosed plot of ground, portion of space, superficies (e.g.. sv-alpa-ksh-, of a small circuit Yājñ. II, 156);
    (in geom.) a plane figure (as a triangle, circle, etc.) enclosed by lines, any figure considered as having geometrical dimensions Gol.;
    a diagram W. ;
    a planetary orbit Gaṇit. ;
    a zodiacal sign Sūryas. ;
    an astrological mansion VarBṛS. VarBṛ. I, XI ;
    (in chiromancy) certain portions marked out on the palm VarBṛS. LXVIII, 1 ;
    « fertile soil», the fertile womb, wife Mn. Yājñ. II, 127 MBh. R. Ṡak. BhP. ;
    the body (considered as the field of the indwelling soul) Yājñ. III, 178 Bhag. XIII, 1 and 2 Kum. VI, 77 ;
    (in Sāṃkhya phil.) = a-vyakta (q.v.) Tattvas. ;
    (ī́) f. only dat. - triyaí for -triyā́t (AV. II, 10, 1) TBr. II, 5, 6, 1 ;
    <cf. á-ksh-, anya- andﾠ kuru-kshetrá, karma-ksh-, deva-ksh-, dharma-ksh-, raṇa-ksh-, siddha-ksh-, su-ksh-, surêṡvarī-ksh-;
    + cf. alsoﾠ Goth. haithi,
    Them. haithjo;
    Germ. ḥeide
    - क्षेत्रकर
    - क्षेत्रकर्कटी
    - क्षेत्रकर्मन्
    - क्षेत्रकर्षक
    - क्षेत्रगणित
    - क्षेत्रगत
    - क्षेत्रचिर्भिटा
    - क्षेत्रज
    - क्षेत्रजात
    - क्षेत्रजेष
    - क्षेत्रज्ञ
    - क्षेत्रंजय
    - क्षेत्रतत्त्व
    - क्षेत्रतर
    - क्षेत्रता
    - क्षेत्रद
    - क्षेत्रदूतिका
    - क्षेत्रदूती
    - क्षेत्रदेवता
    - क्षेत्रधर्मन्
    - क्षेत्रप
    - क्षेत्रपति
    - क्षेत्रपद
    - क्षेत्रपर्पट
    - क्षेत्रपाल
    - क्षेत्रफल
    - क्षेत्रभक्ति
    - क्षेत्रभूमि
    - क्षेत्रयमानिका
    - क्षेत्ररक्ष
    - क्षेत्रराशि
    - क्षेत्ररुहा
    - क्षेत्रलिप्ता
    - क्षेत्रवसुधा
    - क्षेत्रविद्
    - क्षेत्रव्यवहार
    - क्षेत्रसंहिता
    - क्षेत्रसमास
    - क्षेत्रसम्भव
    - क्षेत्रसम्भूत
    - क्षेत्रसाति
    - क्षेत्रसाधस्
    - क्षेत्रसीमा
    - क्षेत्रस्थ
    - क्षेत्रांश
    - क्षेत्राजीव
    - क्षेत्राधिदेवता
    - क्षेत्राधिप
    - क्षेत्रामलकी
    - क्षेत्रासा
    - क्षेत्रेक्षु
    - क्षेत्रोपेक्ष

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > क्षेत्र

  • 70 स्थान


    sthā́na
    n. ( alsoﾠ said to be m. Siddh.) the act of standing, standing firmly, being fixed orﾠ stationary AV. etc. etc.;

    position orﾠ posture of the body (in shooting etc.) R. ;
    staying, abiding, being in orﾠ on (loc. orﾠ comp.) Daṡ. Kām. Hariv. Sāh. ;
    storingplace orﾠ storage (of goods) Mn. VIII, 401 ;
    firm bearing (of troops), sustaining a charge (as opp. to yuddha, « charging») ib. VII, 190 ;
    state, condition (ifc. = « being in the state of») Up. BhP. ;
    continued existence, continuance in the same state (i.e. in a kind of neutral state unmarked by loss orﾠ gain), continuing as orﾠ as long as (with instr.) MBh. R. BhP. ;
    a state of perfect tranquillity Sarvad. ;
    station, rank, office, appointment, dignity, degree MaitrUp. Mn. MBh. etc.;
    place of standing orﾠ staying, any place, spot, locality, abode, dwelling, house, site ( sthānesthāne orﾠ sthānesthāneshu, « in different places», « here andﾠ there») RV. etc. etc.;
    place orﾠ room, stead ( sthāne with gen. orﾠ ifc. « in place of», « instead of», « in lieu of» ;
    ripu-sthāne-vṛit, « to act in the place of an enemy» ;
    vilocana-sthāna-gata, « acting the part of eyes» ;
    alsoﾠ sthāna ifc. = « taking the place of», « acting as», « representing» orﾠ « represented by» e.g.. pitṛi-sth-, « acting as a father» orﾠ « represented by a father» ;
    iyaṅ-uvaṅ-sthāna, reprepresented by iy orﾠ uv <as ī andﾠ ū Pāṇ. 1-4, 4 >;
    in Pāṇini's grammar the gen. case is often used alone, when the word sthāne has to be supplied e.g.. hanterjaḥ,
    ja is to be substituted in place of han, I, 1, 49) AitBr. GṛṠrS. etc.;
    place for, receptacle of (gen.) Mn. MBh. etc.;
    proper orﾠ right place ( sthāne, « in the right place orﾠ at the right time, seasonably, justly») PañcavBr. etc. etc. (cf. gaṇa svar-ādi);
    province, region, domain, sphere (of gods orﾠ virtuous men;
    said to be in one of three places,
    viz. « earth» orﾠ « atmosphere» orﾠ « heaven» ;
    accord. toﾠ some that of virtuous Brāhmans is called Prājāpatya;
    of Kshatriyas, Aindra;
    of Vaiṡyas, Māruta;
    of Ṡūdras, Gāndharva) Nir. VarBṛS. ;
    the main support orﾠ strength orﾠ chief constituent of a kingdom (said to be four, viz. « army», « treasury», « city», « territory») Mn. VII, 56 ;
    a stronghold, fortress Pañcat. ;
    the place orﾠ organ of utterance of any sound (said to be 8 in number, viz. kaṇṭha, « throat» ;
    tālu, « palate» ;
    mūrdhan, « top of palate» ;
    danta, « teeth» ;
    oshṭha, « lips» ;
    kaṇṭha-tālu, « throat andﾠ palate» ;
    kaṇṭh'-oshṭha, « throat andﾠ lips» ;
    dant'-oshṭha, « teeth andﾠ lips» ;
    to which are added nāsikā, « nose», said to be the place of utterance of true Anusvāra, andﾠ uras, « chest», of Visarga) Pāṇ. 1-9 Sch. Prāt. Sarvad. ;
    any organ of sense (e.g.. the eye) BhP. ;
    the pitch orﾠ key of the voice, note, tone (of which accord. toﾠ RPrāt., there are three < seeﾠ mandra>, orﾠ accord. toﾠ TPrāt., seven;
    vīnācyutāsthānāt, « a lute out of tune») ṠrS. Prāt. MBh. etc.;
    shape, form, appearance (as of the moon) VarBṛS. ;
    the part orﾠ character of an actor MW. ;
    case, occurrence ( nêdaṉsthānaṉvidyate, « this case does not occur») Yājñ. Pañcat. Vajracch. ;
    occasion, opportunity ( orﾠ (gen. orﾠ comp.;
    sthāne ind. « occasionally») ṠrS. MBh. etc.;
    cause orﾠ object of (gen. orﾠ comp. e.g.. ṡulka-sthāna, « an object of toll» ;
    pūjā- orﾠ mānya-sth-, « an object of honour» ;
    alsoﾠ applied to persons;
    sthāne ind. « because of», « on account of») MBh. Pañcat. Kathās. ;
    a section orﾠ division (e.g.. of medicine) Car. Suṡr. etc.;
    an astrol. mansion orﾠ its subdivision VarBṛS. ;
    = kāryôtsarga, Ṡīl. ;
    an open place in a town, plain, square W. ;
    a holy place MW. ;
    an altar ib. ;
    N. of a Gandharva king R. ;
    sthāna

    - स्थानचञ्चला
    - स्थानचतुर्विधश्लोक
    - स्थानचिन्तक
    - स्थानच्युत
    - स्थानतस्
    - स्थानता
    - स्थानत्याग
    - स्थानत्व
    - स्थानदातृ
    - स्थानदीप्त
    - स्थानपत
    - स्थानपति
    - स्थानपात
    - स्थानपाल
    - स्थानप्रच्युत
    - स्थानप्राप्ति
    - स्थानभङ्ग
    - स्थानभूमि
    - स्थानभ्रंश
    - स्थानभ्रष्ट
    - स्थानमाहात्म्य
    - स्थानमृग
    - स्थानयोग
    - स्थानयोगिन्
    - स्थानरक्षक
    - स्थानवत्
    - स्थानविद्
    - स्थानविभाग
    - स्थानवीरासन
    - स्थानस्थ
    - स्थानस्थान
    - स्थानस्थित

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > स्थान

  • 71 Reichsstadt

    Reichs·stadt f
    free city [or town] [of the Holy Roman Empire]

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > Reichsstadt

  • 72 da|r

    m (G daru) 1. (prezent) gift, present
    - złożyć komuś coś w darze to present sb with a gift of sth
    - otrzymała w darze haftowany obrus she was given an embroidered tablecloth as a gift
    - życie jest największym darem life is the greatest gift
    2. zw. pl. (ofiara) (rzecz) gift; (pieniądze) donation, contribution
    - dary dla powodzian gifts for flood victims
    - przekazać dary na odbudowę Starówki to give money towards the rebuilding of the Old Town
    3. sgt (talent) gift, talent (do czegoś for sth)
    - mieć dar zjednywania sobie ludzi to have a gift for winning people over
    - nie miał daru do muzyki he had no talent for music
    - dar słowa a. wymowy a. opowiadania a silver tongue, a way with words
    - □ dar języków Relig. the gift of tongues
    - siedem darów Ducha Świętego Relig. the gifts of the Holy Spirit
    ■ dary boże a. dar boży daily bread
    - dary fortuny a. losu the gifts of fortune
    - dary morza the fruits of the sea książk.
    - dary natury a. ziemi (bogactwa naturalne) natural resources; (płody) the fruits of the earth

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > da|r

  • 73 przyj|ąć

    pf — przyj|mować impf (przyjmę, przyjęła, przyjęli — przyjmuję) Ⅰ vt 1. (wziąć) to accept [kwiaty, prezent, napiwek, nagrodę]; to take [czek, łapówkę]
    - przyjąć podanie od kandydata to accept a letter of application from a candidate
    - przyjąć coś w zastaw to take sth in pledge
    - przyjąć towar do sklepu to take in merchandise
    - hydraulik nie przyjął zapłaty za usługę the plumber didn’t take any money for his work
    2. (zaakceptować) to accept [propozycję, postulat, warunki, kandydaturę, zaproszenie, plan]
    - przyjąć czyjąś rezygnację to accept sb’s resignation
    - przyjąć uchwałę/ustawę to pass a resolution/bill
    - wniosek przyjęto przez aklamację the motion was passed by acclamation
    - nie przyjąć oferty to turn down an offer
    3. (zażyć, zjeść) to take, to ingest [lekarstwo, pokarm] 4. (zgodzić się wykonać) to take [sth] on, to take on [godność, posadę, pracę, stanowisko]
    - przyjąć zobowiązanie to take on an obligation
    - kelner przyjął od nas zamówienie the waiter took our order
    5. (wysłuchać) to accept [raport, meldunek, gratulacje]
    - przyjąć zażalenie/skargę to receive a complaint
    6. (zapożyczyć) to adopt [poglądy, zwyczaje, wzorce, praktyki] (od kogoś from sb) 7. (zareagować) to receive
    - przyjąć wiadomość entuzjastycznie to receive (the) news with enthusiasm
    - aktora przyjęto oklaskami the actor was greeted with applause
    - alarm wszyscy przyjęli za kiepski żart everybody treated the alarm as a bad joke
    8. (wziąć na siebie) to take [sth] on, to take on [obowiązek, odpowiedzialność, winę] 9. (uczynić członkiem społeczności) to enrol [uczniów, nowych członków]; to admit [pacjentów]
    - przyjąć kogoś do rodziny to make sb a member of the family
    10. (zatrudnić) to take [sb] in, to take in [pracownika] 11. (ugościć) to entertain [gościa]
    - przyjąć kogoś obiadem/kawą to give sb dinner/coffee
    - przyjąć kogoś z honorami to receive sb with full honours
    12. (zgodzić się na rozmowę) to see [interesanta, delegację]
    - przyjąć kogoś uprzejmie/lodowato to give sb a polite/an icy welcome
    13. Admin. [lekarz, dentysta] to see patients; [adwokat, urzędnik] to hold consulting hours
    - lekarz/dentysta przyjmuje po południu/od 8 do 10 the doctor/dentist sees patients in the afternoon/from 8 till 10 a.m.
    - „Przyjęcia interesantów w pon., wt., śr.” ‘consulting a. office hours Mon., Tue., Wed.’
    14. (zgodzić się zostać żoną) przyjąć oświadczyny to accept the proposal
    - oświadczył się i został przyjęty he proposed and was accepted
    15. (dać schronienie) to take [sb/sth] in, to take in [pogorzelców, uciekinierów, uchodźców]
    - kapitan przyjął rozbitków na statek the captain took the shipwrecked people on board
    16. (założyć) to assume
    - powszechnie przyjmuje się, że… it is widely assumed that…
    - przyjąć założenie, że… to make an assumption that…
    17. Relig. to take [komunię]
    - przyjąć chrzest to be baptized
    - przyjąć święcenia kapłańskie to take holy orders, to be ordained
    - przyjąć katolicyzm/protestantyzm to convert to Catholicism/Protestantism
    18. Sport to catch [podanie, piłkę] 19. Chem. [materiał] to absorb [barwniki, farbę] 20. (przybrać) [instytucja, organizacja, osoba] to take on [nazwę, imię, pseudonim]
    - po ślubie wiele kobiet przyjmuje nazwisko męża after marriage a lot of women take their husband’s name
    21. (zmienić) to assume [kształt, barwę, formę]
    - kameleon przyjmuje barwę otoczenia a chameleon takes on a. assumes the colour of its environment
    - płyn przyjmuje kształt naczynia liquid assumes the shape of the container
    Ⅱ przyjąć się — przyjmować się 1. [drzewo, roślina] to take root
    - sadzonki się przyjęły the cuttings have taken root
    2. (rozpowszechnić się) [powiedzenie, moda, zwyczaj] to catch on
    - przyjęło się mówić/robić/uważać coś it has become customary to say/do/think sth
    3. Med. [szczepionka] to give positive results 4. Med. [przeszczep] to take, to be accepted
    - przeszczep nerki się przyjął/nie przyjął the kidney transplant took/was rejected
    5. książk. (gościć się wzajemnie) to entertain one another
    ■ w naszym miasteczku nie jest przyjęte, żeby młoda dziewczyna sama chodziła do pubu in our town it is unacceptable for a young girl to go to a pub on her own

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > przyj|ąć

  • 74 stolic|a

    f 1. Admin. capital (city)
    - Warszawa jest stolicą Polski Warsaw is the capital (city) of Poland
    - stolica województwa/powiatu ≈ a district/county town
    - stolica regionu the main city of a region
    2. przen. capital
    - stolica światowej mody the fashion capital of the world
    - zimowa stolica Polski the skiing capital of Poland
    - □ Stolica Apostolska the Holy See

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > stolic|a

  • 75 egon

    da/ad.
    a. to be; txoria kaiolan dago the bird is in the cage; txoria kaiolan egoten da the bird is usually in the cage ; bi urte \egon zen African he was two years in Africa; Roosevelt Etxe Zurian \egon zen 15 urtez Roosevelt was in the White House for 15 years
    b. ( etxean) to be in, be at home; Amaia al dago? is Amaia {in || there}?; kanpoan dago she's {out || away}
    c. ( egoera, osasunari d.) to be; ondo zaude? are you {well || all right}?
    d. ( kokatu) to stand, be; Udaletxea enparantza nagusian dago the Town Hall {stands || is} in the main square
    2.
    a. ( egoera adierazten duen izenari d.) ados \egon to agree; eri \egon to be sick; gatibu daudenak those who are held captive
    b. ( adb. bati d.) bizirik \egon to be alive; lotan \egon to be asleep; bi orduz \egon dira zain they've been waiting for two hours
    c. to be; dagoen dagoenean as it is; zegoen zegoenean utzi zuen he left is as it was
    c. ( + -ta, -a, -rik) egina dago it's done; dena ongi antolatuta dago everything is well organized; paperean bilduta dago it's wrapped in paper; asko ikasia nago I've learnt a lot
    3.
    a. ( iraun) to remain, be, stay, keep on idatzi izan dut, eta lehengoan nago oraindik, uste hori ez dela zuzena I've written about it and I still believe that conviction is wrong; ni oraindik lehenean nago I still feel the same way as before ; gauden euskaldunak! let us stay Basque!
    b. ( itxaron) to wait; \egon pixkat! wait a moment!
    4. ( atxiki) [ -(r)i ]
    a. to go with, correspond to; eltze estalki hau dagokio the lid goes with that pot; oinetako honi dagokion laguna the mate that goes with this shoe; erakunde horri dagokion dirulaguntza the aid {which corresponds || corresponding} to that organization
    b. ( egokia izan) to befit, correspond to; Haren izen santuari dagokionez as befitting His holy name; auzi honi dagokionez, hau da nire iritzia as far as this matter {is concerned || goes}, this is my opinion; haur nintzenean, haurrari dagokionez hitz egiten nuen when I was a child I spoke as {that befitting a child || like a child}
    c. ( aipatu) to refer to; horri nagokio that's what I'm referring to; Atxagak idatzi duen liburuari nagokiola, nik... in referring to the book written by Atxaga, I...
    5. (+ -tzen) Lagunart. to be ; hori egiten zeudek they're doing that
    6. (I)
    a. ( uste ukan) to believe, be confident; (ba)nago irabaziko dutela I'm confident that they'll win | I believe that they'll win; banengoen, ba! I thought so!
    b. ( nor bere buruari galdetu) to wonder; (ba)nago nola ez diren galtzen I wonder how they don't get lost
    7. ( nor gabe, pertsonarik gabe)
    a. ( informazio berria ematen denean) there + be; mahai gainean katu bat dago there is a cat on the table; mahai gainean katu batzuk daude there are cats on the table; mahai gainean katu bat zegoen there was a cat on the table ; mahai gainean katu bat egongo da \\ litzateke there will \\ would be a cat on the table; ez dago bananarik there aren't any bananas; jende asko zegoen bileran there were many people at the meeting
    b. ( + -tze) badago hori egitea (G) that can be done; ez dago hori egiterik that can't be done; hara joaterik ez dago there's no going there | you can't go there
    c. ez dago esan beharrik it goes without saying
    8. ( joera ukan) to tend, incline; nora dago zure iritzia? how are you inclined about it? | what are your leanings? Oharra: egon duten esaerak aurkitzeko, bila itzazu izenaren, adjektiboaren eta abarren adieran, adib., pozik egon aurkitzeko, bila ezazu pozik adieran

    Euskara Ingelesa hiztegiaren > egon

  • 76 πόλις

    -εως + ἡ N 3 210-667-308-144-247=1576 Gn 4,17(bis); 10,11.12; 11,4
    city, town Gn 4,17; id. (meton.) Hos 6,8
    πόλις ἡ ἁγία the Holy City, Jerusalem Neh 11,1
    *JgsB 8,32 πόλει city corr. πολιᾷ for MT יבהשׂ old age; *DnLXX 11,13 πόλεως of the city corr.? πολλούς (double transl. of the Hebr.) for MT רב great; *Gn 14,5 τῇ πόλει (in) the city-קרית ⋄קריה for MT קריתים (in) Kiriathaim, cpr. Am 2,2; *Jos 7,3 τὴν πόλιν the city-העיר for MT העי Ai, see also Jos 8,18.28; *Jos 19,13 ἐπὶ πόλιν to the city-עירה for MT עתה to Et (toponym); *1 Sm 22,5 πόλει city-עיר for MT יער wood, see also Is 22,8; *2 Kgs 23,16 πόλει city-עיר for MT הר hill, see also 2 Chr 21,11, Is 66,20; *Jer 31(48),34 αἱ πόλεις αὐτῶν their cities-עריהם for MT עד־יהץ as far as Jahaz; *Jer 44(37),4 τῆς πόλεως of the city-העיר for MT העם the people; *Ez 16,7 εἰς πόλεις πόλεων into the great cities-ערים בערי for MT עדיים בעדי with the highest adornment; *Ez 25,9 πόλεως παραθαλασσίας of the city by the sea side-ימה קרית (Aram.) for MT קריתמה Kiriath(ai)m; *Ez 45,5
    πόλεις cities-ערים for MT ריםשׂע twenty; *Mi 1,11 τὰς πόλεις αὐτῆς her cities-ֵריה ָע
    for MT ָיה ְר ֶע
    nakedness; *Jb 6,10 πόλις city-עיר for MT עוד yet, see also Mi 6,9(10); *Jb 6,20 ἐπὶ πόλεσιν in cities-
    ערימה for MT עדיה there, see also Mi 7,12
    Cf. DORIVAL 1994 412.542.566.569; WALTERS 1973, 294

    Lust (λαγνεία) > πόλις

  • 77 γράμμα

    γράμμα, ατος, τό, [dialect] Dor. [full] γράθμα, prob. in IG4.506 (Heraeum, vi/v B. C.), cf. An.Ox.1.102, but [full] γράσσμα, IG4.554 (Argos, v B. C.): late [dialect] Aeol. pl. [full] γρόππατα, Epigr.Gr.990.11 ([place name] Balbilla): ([etym.] γράφω):—
    A that which is drawn: pl., lines of a drawing, picture, etc., E. Ion 1146 (of tapestry), Theoc.15.81; picture,

    Ἀπέλλεω γ. Herod.4.73

    , cf. AP 6.352 ([place name] Erinna): sg., drawing, picture, Pl.R. 472d, Cra. 430e, cf. 431c: pl., figures in a picture, Procop.Gaz.Ecphr.p.157B.
    II written character, letter, Hdt.1.139, 148, etc.: in pl., letters, characters,

    γραμμάτων τε συνθέσεις A.Pr. 460

    ;

    πηλίκοις γ. Ep.Gal.6.11

    ; the letters, the alphabet, Hdt.5.58;

    τὰ γ. καὶ τὰς συλλαβάς Pl.Cra. 390e

    ;

    γ. Φοινίκια S.Fr. 514

    ; Ἀσσύρια, Ἑλληνικά, Hdt.4.87;

    γράμματα ἐπίστασθαι Pl.Lg. 689d

    ; μαθεῖν to have learnt to read, Id.Prt. 325e;

    γ. μὴ εἰδέναι SIG2844.6

    ; ἐδίδασκες γράμματα, ἐγὼ δ' ἐφοίτων you kept school—I went there, D.18.265;

    ἤτοι τέθνηκεν ἢ διδάσκει γ. Com.Adesp.20

    ;

    παιδεύειν γράμματα Arist.Pol. 1337b24

    ; τέχνη ἡμῶν γ. our profession is that of the scribe, PTeb.316.16 (i A. D.).
    b articulate sound, letter, Pl.Phlb. 18c;

    τὰ γ. πάθη ἐστὶ τῆς φωνῆς Arist.Pr. 895a12

    ; γράμματα φθέγγεσθαι ib.8, cf. PA 660a5.
    c παρὰ γράμμα λέγοντα.. σκοπεῖν etymologically, Id.MM 1185b39; τὰ παρὰ γ. σκώμματα puns, Id.Rh. 1412a28; but ἀρετὴν παρὰ γ. διώκοντες, with ref. to Νικαρέτη, the mistress of Stilpo, Crates Theb.1.
    d inscription,

    τὸ Δελφικὸν γ. Pl.Phdr. 229e

    , cf. Chrm. 164d, X.Mem.4.2.24, etc., IG 2.2876, al.: prov.,

    εἰς πέλαγος.. γράμματα γράψαι Epigr.Gr.1038.8

     ([place name] Attalia).
    2 in pl., notes in music, AP11.78 (Lucill.).
    3 mathematical diagram, Epigr. ap. D.L.8.12.
    4 letter inscribed on the lots which the δικασταί drew, Ar.Pl. 277, al., Arist.Ath.64.4; practically, = division of dicasts,

    ἐν ὁποίῳ γ. δειπνεῖ Ar.Ec. 683

    ; ἁ κατὰ γράμμα φυλακά the roster of guards, SIG569.21 (Cos, iii B. C.).
    b quarters of a town, PRein.49.2; accent, EM240.42, Zonar.
    5 a small weight, 1/24 ounce, scruple, Androm. ap. Gal.13.114, Gp.7.13.2, PLips. 62 ii 27 (iv A. D.).
    III in pl., set of written characters, piece of writing, Hdt.1.124: hence, letter, Id.5.14, IG22.103.8, etc.;

    γραμμάτων πτυχαί S.Fr. 144

    , cf. E.IT 594, al., Pl.Ep. 347c; inscription, epitaph, etc.,

    ἐκόλαψε ἐς τὸν τάφον γράμματα λέγοντα τάδε Hdt. 1.187

    , cf. 4.91, And.3.12, Theoc.18.47, IG3.751.
    2 papers, documents, Antipho 1.30, D.36.21, etc. (sg., D.Chr.65.14); τούτων τὰ γ. the documents to prove this, Lys.32.14;

    τὰ γ. τῆς δίκης Ar.Nu. 772

    ; τὰ δημόσια γ. the public records, Decr. ap. D.18.55; title-deeds, D.C.65.14; account of loans, D.49.59;

    ἐπικαρπίαν ἐν γράμμασιν ἀποφέρειν Pl. Lg. 955d

    ; contract or estimate, BCH46.323 ([place name] Teos); catalogue, X.Cyr.7.4.12: in sg., bond, Ev. Luc.16.7; note of hand, J.AJ18.6.3.
    3 a man's writings, i.e. book, treatise,

    τὰ τοῦ Ζήνωνος γ. Pl.Prm. 127c

     (but sg., ib. 128a): pl., books, X.Mem.4.2.1;

    Πλάτωνος τὸ περὶ ψυχῆς γ. Call.Epigr.25

    , cf. AP9.63 (Asclep.), Gal.18(2).928; τὰ ἱερὰ γ. the Holy Scriptures, OGI56.36 (iii B. C.), Ph.2.574, 2 Ep.Ti.3.15, J.Ap.1.10; ἱερὰ γ., = Imperial rescripts, IG12(5).132 (Paros, iii A. D.); = hieroglyphics, OGI90.54 (Rosetta, ii B. C.): in sg., the Law of Moses, Ep.Rom.2.27, al.; opp. πνεῦμα, ib.29: sg., article of a treaty, Th. 5.29.
    4 laws or rules, Pl.R. 425b, Plt. 292a, al., Ar.Ec. 1050; κατὰ γράμματα ἄρχειν, opp. ἄνευ γραμμάτων, Pl.Plt. 293a;

    ἡ κατὰ γ. καὶ νόμους πολιτεία Arist.Pol. 1286a15

    , cf. 1272a38: οἱ κατὰ γ. νόμοι, opp. οἱ κατὰ τὰ ἔθη, ib. 1287b5, cf. Pl.Plt. 299d;

    κατὰ γράμματα ἰατρεύεσθαι Arist.Pol. 1287a34

    ; ἡ ἐκ τῶν γ. θεραπεία ib.40.
    IV in pl., also, letters, learning,

    ἀπείρους γραμμάτων Pl.Ap. 26d

    , etc.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > γράμμα

  • 78 Crossley, Sir Francis

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    b. 26 October 1817 Halifax, England
    d. 5 January 1872 Belle Vue, Halifax, England
    [br]
    English developer of a power loom for weaving carpets.
    [br]
    Francis Crossley was the youngest of three brothers employed in their father's carpet-weaving business in Halifax and who took over the running of the company on their father's death in 1837. Francis seems to have been the one with technical ability, for it was he who saw the possibilities of weaving by power. Growth of the company was rapid through his policy of acquiring patents and then improving them, and it was soon at the forefront of the carpet-manufacturing trade. He had taken out rights on the patents of John Hill of Manchester, but his experiments with Hill's looms for weaving carpets were not successful.
    In the spring of 1850 Francis asked a textile inventor, George Collier of Barnsley, to develop a power loom for carpet manufacture. Collier produced a model that was a distinct advance on earlier looms, and Francis engaged him to perfect a power loom for weaving tapestry and Brussels carpets. After a great deal of money had been expended, a patent was taken out in 1850 in the name of his brother, Joseph Crossley, for a loom that could weave velvet as well as carpets and included some of the ideas of the American E.B. Bigelow. This new loom proved to be a great advance on all the earlier ones, and thus brought the Crossleys a great fortune from both sales of patent rights and the production of carpets from their mills, which were soon enlarged.
    According to the Dictionary of National Biography, Francis Crossley was Mayor of Halifax in 1849 and 1850, but Hogg gives this position to his elder brother John. In 1852 Francis was returned to Parliament as the Liberal member for Halifax, and in 1859 he became the member for the West Riding. Among his benefactions, in 1855 he gave to the town of Halifax a twelve-acre park that cost £41,300; a statue of him was erected there. In the same year he endowed twenty-one almshouses. In 1863 a baronetcy was conferred upon him in recognition of his commercial and public services, which he continued to perform until his death. In 1870 he gave the London Missionary Society £20,000, their largest single donation up to that time, and another £10,000 to the Congregational Pastor's Retiring Fund. He became ill when on a journey to the Holy Land in 1869, but although he made a partial recovery he grew worse again towards the end of 1871 and died early in the following year. He left £800,000 in his will.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Baronet 1863.
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1872, The Times 6 January.
    Dictionary of National Biography.
    J.Hogg (ed.), n.d., Fortunes Made in Business, London (provides an account of Crossley's career).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Crossley, Sir Francis

  • 79 Βηθλέεμ

    Βηθλέεμ, ἡ (other edd.-λεέμ; s. B-D-F §56, 3) indecl. (בֵּית לֶחֶם house of bread; LXX; TestReub 3:13; AscIs; Just. In Joseph. Βήθλεμα, Βηθλέεμα [Ant. 5, 323],-ων [5, 136] and Βηθλ[ε]έμη, ης [7, 312]) Bethlehem, a town in Judaea, 7 km. south of Jerusalem, birthplace of Benjamin (Gen. 1:16; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 10 Jac. εἰς Ἐφραθά, ἣν εἶναι B.) and home of David (1 Km 17:12; 20:6=Jos., Ant. 6, 227), hence the birthplace of the Messiah: Mt 2:1, 5f (Mi 5:1), 8, 16; Lk 2:4, 15; J 7:42; GJs 17:1; 18:1; 21:1, 2 (v.l.). Cp. Baedeker7 1910, 94ff; TZahn, D. Geburtsstätte in Gesch., Sage u. bildender Kunst: NKZ 32, 1921, 669ff; Dalman, Orte3 18–60 [Eng. tr. 17–55]; WFoerster, ZDPV 57, ’34, 1–7; CKopp, Holy Places of the Gospels, ’63, 1–47; BHHW I 233; OEANE I 302.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > Βηθλέεμ

  • 80 Μαγδαληνή

    Μαγδαληνή, ῆς, ἡ (subst. fem. of Μαγδαληνός, ή, όν) woman from Magdala, Magdalene, surname of a certain Mary (s. Μαρία 2), prob. fr. the town of Magdala which, acc. to the Talmud, lay about a twenty minutes’ walk fr. Tiberias on the west side of the Lake of Gennesaret (s. Μαγαδάν; Buhl 225f; CKopp, The Holy Places of the Gospels, tr. RWalls, ’63, 190–97) Mt 27:56, 61; 28:1; Mk 15:40, 47; 16:1, 9; Lk 8:2; 24:10; J 19:25; 20:1, 18; GPt 12:50.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > Μαγδαληνή

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