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he+has+no+taste

  • 1 πικρία

    πικρία, ας, ἡ (πικρός; Demosth., Aristot. et al.; pap, LXX; TestSol 5:13; TestAbrA; TestLevi 11:7; TestNapht 2:8; ApcMos 24; Just., D. 120, 2)
    ① state of being bitter to the taste, bitterness (Theophr., CP 6, 10, 7; Plut., Mor. 897a), but used in imagery, of a βοτάνη πικρίαν ἔχουσα a plant that has a bitter taste GEg 252, 54 (Diog. L. 9, 80 πικρός is ‘inedible’ in contrast to ἐδώδιμος. Likew. Jos., Ant. 3, 30 πικρία=‘inedibility’). A reprehensible pers. is called χολὴ πικρίας= χολὴ πικρά (on the close connection of χολή w. πικρία s. Vett. Val. 249, 16; Dt 29:17; La 3:19; TestNapht 2:8) bitter gall Ac 8:23. ῥίζα πικρίας a bitter root, a root that bears bitter fruit Hb 12:15 (cp. Dt 29:17; Hippocr., Ep. 16, 4 τ. πικρὴν ῥίζαν ἐκκόψαι).
    ② state of being bitter in an affective sense, bitterness, animosity, anger, harshness fig. ext. of 1 (cp. Demosth. et al.; Bion of Borysthenes [III B.C.] in Diog. L. 4, 46 [of a slaveholder’s inhuman cruelty]; LXX, Philo); it is associated with ὀξυχολία Hm 5, 2, 4; 5, 2, 8; 6, 2, 5. ἐν π. γίνεσθαι become embittered m 5, 2, 2. ἐπιτάσσειν τινὶ ἐν π. give an order to someone harshly B 19:7; cp. D 4:10. W. θυμός, ὀργή al. (cp. Philo, Ebr. 223; Jos., Ant. 17, 148) in a list of vices Eph 4:31. τὸ στόμα ἀρᾶς καὶ πικρίας γέμει the mouth is full of curses and of bitter words Ro 3:14 (Ps 13:3; cp. 9:28. π. γέμειν as Philo, Migr. Abr. 36).—DELG s.v. πικρός. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πικρία

  • 2 πίσσα

    πίσσᾰ, [dialect] Att. [full] πίττᾰ, ἡ,
    A pitch, Il.4.277, Hdt.4.195, Call.Hec.1.4.4, etc.: gen. pl. written

    πισᾶν IG42(1).102.278

     (Epid., iv B. C.); but sg. πίσσας ib.238,240: distd. as π. ὠμή and ἑψηθεῖσα, Thphr.HP3.9.2, cf. Plb.5.89.6, Hp.Mul.1.37; π. ὑγρά raw pitch, Dsc.1.72.1, PLond. 3.1171.11; opp. ξηρά, Dsc.1.72.5, PLond.3.929.66, SIG1171.14 ([place name] Lebena), cf. παλίμπισσα; ὀρὸς πίσσης, = πίσσανθος, Hp.Ulc.12: prov., μελάντερον ἠΰτε πίσσα Il.l.c.; ἄρτι μῦς πίττης γεύεται, i.e. he has got the first taste of misery, D.50.26, cf. Theoc.14.51;

    πέπονθα.. ὄσσα κἡμ πίσσῃ μῦς Herod.2.62

    .
    II resin, used for treating winejars, PCair.Zen. 481 (iii B. C.). (Cf. Lat. pix.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πίσσα

  • 3 μαρμαίρω

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `flash, sparkle, gleam' (Il., late also prose); only present
    Compounds: Rarely with ἀνα-, παρα-, περι-, ὑπο-. πυρι-, περι-μάρμαρος `sparkling (of fire)' (Man., Hymn. Is.)
    Derivatives: Besides μαρμάρεος `gleaming, flashing, sparkling' (Il.) with μαρμαρίζω = μαρμαίρω (Pi., D. S.); μαρμαρυγή f. `flashing, sparkling', a. o. of rapid movements (cf. on 1. ἀργός; IA., since θ 265), after ἀμαρυγή (Debrunner IF 21, 243 f., Porzig Satzinhalte 229) with μαρμαρυγώδης `flashing-like' (Hp.), μαρμαρύσσω (: ἀμαρύσσω) = μαρμαίρω (Them., Jul.); with μαρμάρυγμα (Cael. Aur.).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: On μάρμαρος s. v. The reduplicated intensive yot-present μαρμαίρω (\< *μαρ-μαρ-ι̯ω) stands beside μαρμάρεος like δαιδάλλω beside δαιδάλεος (cf. Schulze Kl. Schr. 118 n. 3; on - εος Schmid - εος u. - ειος 34). As simplex μαρ- is found in Μαῖρα f. "the sparkling"(?), name of the Sirius (Call., Eratosth., as PN in Hom.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 114f.); in μαρ-αυγέω, ἀ-μαρ-ύσσω, prob. also in μαρίλη and μαριεύς (s. vv.); further perhaps the PN Άμφί-μαρος, son of Poseidon (Paus. 9, 29, 6; Lesky RhM 93, 54ff.; \< *Άμφι-μάρ-μαρος?). -- As certain cognate outside Greek was considered Skt. márīci- f. (m.) `beam of light, (air)mirage' (cf. μαρί̄-λη, *μαρι̯α \> μαῖρα?). Though accepted by Mayrhofer ( KEWA 2, 589, EWAia 2, 321), the connection must be rejected, as Greek μαρ- cannot be explained in this comparison (it is an old comparison, from the time when *a was not a problem; Pok. 733 writes simply * mer-). Further suppositions (Lat. merus `unmixed, pure', also mare `sea' ?, OE ā-merian `purify, taste', Russ. mar `ardour of the sun' etc.), cf. WP. 2, 273f., Pok. 733, W.-Hofmann s. merus, Vasmer s. mar are also most doubtful. - The reduplication μαρ-μαρ- is hardly IE. ᾽Αμαρυγή has a prothetic vowel, which is typical of Pre-Greek (as is the suffix - υγ-). So the word is no doubst Pre-Greek.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μαρμαίρω

  • 4 πίσσα

    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `pitch' (Il.).
    Other forms: Att. πίττα.
    Compounds: Compp., e.g. πισσο-, πιττο-κοπέω `to besmear, to depilate with pitch' (Att. inscr., com., Thphr.), κηρό-πισσος f. `mix of wax and pitch' (Hp.).
    Derivatives: 1. As diminutive πισσάριον n. (medic.); 2. several adj. (Att. forms not esp. noted): πισσ-ηρός (Hp.), - ήρης (A.), - ινος (Att.), - ήεις (Nic.) `pitchy'; - ώδης `pitch-like' (Arist., Thphr.); - ίτης ( οἶνος) `tasting like p.' (Str.; Redard 98); 3. the verbs πισσ-όω, πιττ-όω, - όομαι `to besmear, to depilate (oneself) with pitch' (since IVa) with - ωσις, - ωτής, - ωτός (hell.); - ίζω `to taste like p.' (sch.); *-άω in πίσσᾱσις f. `a pitching over (Epid. IVa).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [794] * pik- `pitch, resin'
    Etymology: Old designation of pitch and resin, as inherited word also in Lat. and in Slav. retained. The oldest form shows Lat. pix, pic-is f., IE * pik-; from there wit ι̯α-suffix, as in νῆσσα, μυῖα a.o. only formally enlarging (Schwyzer 474), πίσσα, πίττα; with l-suffix Slav., e.g. Russ.-CSl. pьkъlъ, OCS pьcьlъ m. Deviating on the stemformation Specht Ursprung 146. -- As a loan the word has spread further: from Lat. pix Germ., e.g. OHG pëh, from Germ. Lith. pìkis, Russ. pek a.o. WP. 2, 75, Pok. 794, W.-Hofmann and Fraenkel s. vv., Vasmer s. pëklo 1. -- Further connections(?) s. πίτυς.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πίσσα

  • 5 θάνατος

    θάνατος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+)
    ① the termination of physical life, death
    ⓐ natural death J 11:4, 13; Hb 7:23; 9:15f; Rv 18:8 (s. also 1d); 1 Cl 9:3. Opp. ζωή (Mel., P. 49, 355; cp. 2a.) Ro 7:10; 8:38; 1 Cor 3:22; 2 Cor 1:9 (s. also 1bα); Phil 1:20. γεύεσθαι θανάτου taste death = die (γεύομαι 2) Mt 16:28; Mk 9:1; Lk 9:27; J 8:52; Hb 2:9b. Also ἰδεῖν θάνατον (Astrampsychus p. 26 Dec. 48, 2. Also θεάομαι θ. p. 6 ln. 53) Lk 2:26; Hb 11:5; ζητεῖν τὸν θ. Rv 9:6 (where follows φεύγει ὁ θ. ἀπʼ αὐτῶν). θανάτου καταφρονεῖν despise death ISm 3:2; Dg 10:7a (Just., A II, 10, 8 al.; Tat. 11, 1 al.). περίλυπος ἕως θανάτου sorrowful even to the point of death (Jon 4:9 σφόδρα λελύπημαι ἕως θανάτου; Sir 37:2) Mt 26:38; Mk 14:34; ἄχρι θ. to the point of death of a devotion that does not shrink even fr. the sacrifice of one’s life Rv 2:10; 12:11 (TestJob 5:1; cp. Just., D. 30, 2 μέχρι θ. al.); διώκειν ἄχρι θανάτου persecute even to death Ac 22:4. Also διώκειν ἐν θανάτῳ B 5:11. διώκειν εἰς θ. AcPl Ha 11, 20 (opp. εἰς ζωήν). εἰς θ. πορεύεσθαι go to one’s death Lk 22:33. [ἀναβῆναι] εἰς τὸν τοῦ θανάτου [τόπον] AcPl Ha 6, 30. ἀσθενεῖν παραπλήσιον θανάτῳ be nearly dead with illness Phil 2:27; ἐσφαγμένος εἰς θ. receive a fatal wound Rv 13:3a. ἡ πληγὴ τοῦ θανάτου a fatal wound 13:3b, 12. φόβος θανάτου Hb 2:15.
    ⓑ of death as a penalty (Thu. et al.; Diod S 14, 66, 3: the tyrant is μυρίων θανάτων τυχεῖν δίκαιος=‘worthy of suffering countless deaths’; Just., A I, 45, 5 θανάτου ὁρισθέντος κατὰ … τῶν ὁμολογούντων τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Χριστοῦ al.).
    α. as inflicted by secular courts ἔνοχος θανάτου ἐστίν he deserves death (ἔνοχος 2bα) Mt 26:66; Mk 14:64; παραδιδόναι εἰς θ. betray, give over to death Mt 10:21; Mk 13:12 (ApcEsdr 3:12 p. 27, 23 Tdf.). θανάτῳ τελευτᾶν die the death = be punished w. death Mt 15:4; Mk 7:10 (both Ex 21:17). ἄξιον θανάτου, deserving death (the entire clause οὐδὲν … αὐτῷ=he is not guilty of any capital crime; cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 144) Lk 23:15 (s. αἴτιος 2); Ac 23:29; 25:11, 25. αἴτιον θανάτου Lk 23:22 (s. αἴτιος 2). Also αἰτία θανάτου (Lucian, Tyrannic. 11) Ac 13:28; 28:18; κρίμα θ. sentence of death: παραδιδόναι εἰς κρίμα θ. sentence to death Lk 24:20; fig. ἐν ἑαυτοῖς τὸ ἀπόκριμα τοῦ θ. ἐσχήκαμεν 2 Cor 1:9. κατακρίνειν τινὰ θανάτῳ (εἰς θάνατον v.l.) condemn someone to death Mt 20:18.—Several of the pass. just quoted refer to the death sentence passed against Christ; sim., θάνατος is freq. used
    β. of the death of Christ gener. (Just., D. 52, 4 al.; ἀνθρώπου θ. ἀποθανεῖν Orig., C. Cels. 1, 61, 40): Ro 5:10; 6:3–5; 1 Cor 11:26; Phil 2:8a; 3:10; Col 1:22; Hb 2:14a; IEph 7:2; 19:1; IMg 9:1; ITr 2:1. τὸ πάθημα τ. θανάτου the suffering of death Hb 2:9. ἕως θανάτου καταντῆσαι even to meet death Pol 1:2.—GWiencke, Pls über Jesu Tod ’39.—The expr. ὠδῖνες τοῦ θανάτου, used Ac 2:24 in a passage referring to Christ, comes fr. the LXX, where in Ps 17:5 and 114:3 it renders חֶבְלֵי־מָוֶת (cp. 1QH 3, 7–12). This would lit. be ‘bonds of death’. But an interchange of חֶבֶל ‘bond’ and חֵבֶל ‘pain’, specif. ‘birth-pangs’, has made of it pangs of death (cp. a sim. interchange in 2 Km 22:6 al. LXX, and the expr. in Pol 1:2 λύσας τ. ὠδῖνας τοῦ ᾅδου after Ac 2:24 v.l.). This results in a remarkably complex metaphor (s. BGildersleeve, Pindar 1885, 355 on ‘telescoped’ metaphor) Ac 2:24, where death is regarded as being in labor, and unable to hold back its child, the Messiah (s. Beginn. IV ad loc.; Field, Notes 112).
    γ. of natural death as divine punishment (Did., Gen. 148, 25; 171, 9) Ro 5:12ab; 21; 1 Cor 15:21; B 12:2, 5.
    ⓒ of the danger of death (2 Ch 32:11) σῴζειν τινὰ ἐκ θανάτου save someone fr. death (PsSol 13:2 [ἀπὸ … θ.]; Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 120 D.; Just., D. 98, 1 σωθῆναι ἀπὸ τοῦ θ.) Hb 5:7. Also ῥύεσθαι ἐκ θ. 2 Cor 1:10 (Just., D. 111, 3). θάνατοι danger(s)/perils of death (Epict. 4, 6, 2; Ptolem., Apotel. 2, 9, 5; Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 307 D.: ὥσπερ Ὀδυσσεὺς θ.; Maximus Tyr. 15, 8a; Philo, In Flacc. 175 προαποθνῄσκω πολλοὺς θανάτους) 11:23. μέχρι θανάτου ἐγγίζειν come close to dying Phil 2:30. 2 Cor 4:11, cp. vs. 12, is reminiscent of the constant danger of death which faced the apostle as he followed his calling.
    ⓓ of the manner of death (Artem. 1, 31 p. 33, 10; 4, 83 p. 251, 16 μυρίοι θ.=‘countless kinds of death’; TestAbr A 20 p. 102, 25 [Stone p. 52] ἑβδομήκοντα δύο εἰσὶν θ.; ParJer 9:22; Ps.-Hecataeus: 264 Fgm. 21, 191 Jac. [in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 191]) ποίῳ θ. by what kind of death J 12:33; 18:32; 21:19. θ. σταυροῦ Phil 2:8b.
    ⓔ death as personified Ro 5:14, 17; 6:9; 1 Cor 15:26 (cp. Plut., Mor. 370c τέλος ἀπολεῖσθαι [for ἀπολείπεσθαι] τὸν Ἅιδην); vss. 54–56 (s. on κέντρον 1); Rv 1:18; 6:8a; 20:13f; 21:4; B 5:6; 16:9 (this concept among Jews [Hos 13:14; Sir 14:12; 4 Esdr 8, 53; SyrBar 21, 23; TestAbr A 16ff; Bousset, Rel.3 253, 2] and Greeks [ERohde, Psyche1903, II 241; 249; CRobert, Thanatos 1879].—JKroll, Gott u. Hölle ’32; Dibelius, Geisterwelt 114ff; JUbbink, Paulus en de dood: NThSt 1, 1918, 3–10 and s. on ἁμαρτία 3a).
    ② death viewed transcendently in contrast to a living relationship with God, death extension of mng. 1 (Philo)
    ⓐ of spiritual death, to which one is subject unless one lives out of the power of God’s grace. θάνατον οὐ μὴ θεωρήσῃ J 8:51. Opp. ζωή 5:24; 1J 3:14; Ro 7:10; 8:6. This death stands in the closest relation to sin: Ro 7:13b; Js 1:15; 5:20; 2 Cl 1:6; Hv 2, 3, 1; also to the flesh: Paul thinks of the earthly body as σῶμα τ. θανάτου Ro 7:24. In contrast to the gospel the law of Moses engraved on stone διακονία τοῦ θανάτου service that leads to death 2 Cor 3:7 (cp. Tat. 14, 1 θανάτου … ἐπιτηδεύματα). The νόμος, which is τὸ ἀγαθόν, proves to be θάνατος death = deadly or cause of death Ro 7:13a. The unredeemed are ἐν χώρᾳ καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου Mt 4:16; cp. Lk 1:79 (both Is 9:2). ἐν σκοτίᾳ θανάτου AcPl Ha 8, 32 (=BMM verso 4). This mng. of θάνατος cannot always be clearly distinguished fr. the foll., since spiritual death merges into
    ⓑ eternal death. θαν. αἰώνιος B 20:1. This kind of death is meant Ro 1:32; 6:16, 21, 23; 7:5; 2 Cor 7:10; 2 Ti 1:10; Hb 2:14b; B 10:5; 2 Cl 16:4; Dg 10:7b; Hv 1, 1, 8; m 4, 1, 2. ἁμαρτία πρὸς θάνατον 1J 5:16f (Polyaenus 8, 32 bravery πρὸς θ.=‘to the point of death’; s. ἁμαρτάνω e and TestIss 7:1 ἁμαρτία εἰς θάνατον). ὀσμὴ ἐκ θανάτου εἰς θάνατον a fragrance that comes from death and leads to death 2 Cor 2:16. In Rv this (final) death is called the second death (ὁ δεύτερος θ. also Plut., Mor. 942f) 2:11; 20:6, 14b; 21:8 (s. TZahn, comm. 604–8).—GQuell, Die Auffassung des Todes in Israel 1926; JLeipoldt, D. Tod bei Griechen u. Juden ’42; TBarrosse, Death and Sin in Ro: CBQ 15, ’53, 438–59; ELohse, Märtyrer u. Gottesknecht ’55 (lit.); SBrandon, The Personification of Death in Some Ancient Religions, BJRL 43, ’61, 317–35.
    ③ a particular manner of death, fatal illness, pestilence and the like, as established by context (Job 27:15; Jer 15:2: θάνατος … μάχαιρα … λιμός) Rv 2:23. ἀποκτεῖναι ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ κ. ἐν λιμῷ κ. ἐν θανάτῳ 6:8b; 18:8 (cp. PsSol 13:2; 15:7; Orig., C. Cels. 5, 37, 10).—JToynbee, Death and Burial in the Roman World ’71; SHumphreys, The Family, Women, and Death ’83.—B. 287. DELG. BHHW III 1999–2001. 1609–13. M-M. TW. Sv.

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  • 6 πικραίνω

    πικραίνω fut. πικρανῶ; aor. ἐπίκρανα LXX. Pass: fut. 3 pl. πικρανθήσονται Jer 40:9; 1 aor. ἐπικράνθην; prim. ‘make sharp’ esp. to the taste (s. three next entries).
    ① to cause to become bitter, make bitter in physical sense (Hippocr. et al.) πικρανεῖ σου τὴν κοιλίαν (κοιλία 1b) Rv 10:9. Pass., of the stomach ἐπικράνθη ἡ κοιλία vs. 10. Of someth. that has been swallowed: (τὰ ὕδατα) ἐπικράνθησαν 8:11 (prob. not in ref. to οἱ ἄνθρωποι, in the sense ‘made bitter’=poisoned?). Of honey when wormwood is mixed w. it Hm 5, 1, 5.
    ② to cause bitter feelings, embitter, make bitter, in affective sense (Pla.+; LXX; ApcrEzk Denis p. 122, 3 [Epiph. 70, 14]) pass., intr. sense become bitter or embittered abs. (Demosth., Ep. 1, 6; Ep. 6 of Apollonius of Tyana: Philostrat. I 346, 19; Is 14:9; Philo, Mos. I, 302) Hm 10, 2, 3. π. πρός τινα be embittered against someone Col 3:19 (πρός τινα as Lynceus in Athen. 6, 242b).—DELG s.v. πικρός. M-M. TW.

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  • 7 πικρός

    πικρός, ά, όν (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX, pseudepigr., apolog.)
    ① pert. to being bitter to taste, bitter (opp. γλυκύς; cp. Pla., Theaet. 166e πικρῷ γλυκὺ μεμιγμένον; Pr 27:7) of water that is not potable (as Appian, Iber. 88, §385; Ex 15:23; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 4 Jac.; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 208; Jos., Bell. 4, 476; 7, 186 [opp. γλυκύς]) Js 3:11 (τ̣ό[ν θ]υμ̣[όν], so the ed. P74, but perh. τὸ [ἀλ]υκ̣[όν] is to be read, s. N. app.).
    ② pert. to being bitter in feeling or attitude, bitter, embittered, harsh, fig. ext. of 1: ζῆλον π. ἔχειν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ have bitter jealousy in one’s heart Js 3:14. Of ὀξυχολία (πικρία 2) Hm 5, 1, 6. Of the commandments of the devil m 12, 4, 6. Of humans (Trag. et al.; Diod S 14, 65, 4 π. τύραννος; Aelian, Fgm. 74 p. 222, 27; 103 p. 235, 24; Alciphron 1, 15, 5; Philo, Omn. Prob. Lib. 106; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 277; Ath. 31, 1) harsh (w. ὀξύχολος and ἄφρων) m 6, 2, 4; (w. ἄσπλαγχνος) Hs 6, 3, 2. λέοντα … π. λίαν a very ferocious lion AcPl Ha 4, 20. Of patience μηδὲν ἐν ἑαυτῇ ἔχουσα πικρόν it has no bitterness in it Hm 5, 2, 3.—B. 1033.—DELG. M-M. TW.

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  • 8 ἄρτος

    ἄρτος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+)
    ① a baked product produced fr. a cereal grain, bread also loaf of bread
    ⓐ gener. (Did., Gen. 190, 25) Mt 4:4 (Dt 8:3); 14:17, 19; 15:26, 33f; 16:8ff; Mk 6:38, 44, 52 (QQuesnell, The Mind of Mark, ’69); 7:27; 8:4ff, 14 (JManek, NovT 7, ’64, 10–14), 16f; Lk 4:4 (Dt 8:3); 9:13; 11:5; J 6:5, 23, 26; 21:9; 2 Cor 9:10 (Is 55:10). Opp. λίθος Mt 4:3 and Lk 4:3 (Ps.-Clem., Hom. 2, 32 Simon Mag. ἐκ λίθων ἄρτους ποιεῖ); Mt 7:9; Lk 11:11 v.l. W. water (Dt 9:9, 18; Sir 29:21; Hos 2:7) Hs 5, 3, 7. The father of the household opened a meal (s. Billerb. IV 620ff) by taking a loaf of bread, giving thanks, breaking it, and distributing it: λαμβάνειν τὸν ἄ., (κατα)κλάσαι τὸν ἄ. (Jer 16:7) Mt 14:19; 15:36; Mk 6:41; 8:19; Lk 9:16; 24:30; J 6:11; 21:13; Ac 20:11; 27:35. Cp. Lk 24:35; Ac 2:42, 46; 20:7. Usu. taken along on journeys Mk 6:8; Lk 9:3; cp. Mt 16:5, 7; Mk 8:14. W. gen. of price διακοσίων δηναρίων ἄρτοι J 6:7; Mk 6:37. ἄρτοι κρίθινοι (Judg 7:13; 4 Km 4:42) loaves of barley bread J 6:9, 13. The martyr’s body in the fire is compared to baking bread MPol 15:2.—Dalman, Arbeit IV: Brot, Öl u. Wein ’35.
    ⓑ of a bread-offering ἄρτοι τῆς προθέσεως (Ex 40:23; 1 Km 21:7; 1 Ch 9:32; 23:29; 2 Ch 4:19; cp. 2 Ch 13:11; 2 Macc 10:3; Dssm. B 155f [BS 157]. Cp. OGI 56, 73; UPZ 149, 21 [III B.C.] πρόθεσις τ. ἄρτων in a temple ln. 31) consecrated bread (Billerb. III 719–33) Mt 12:4; Mk 2:26; Lk 6:4; Hb 9:2.—S. πρόθεσις.
    ⓒ of the bread of the eucharist, which likew. was broken after giving thanks, and then eaten (Orig., C. Cels. 8, 33, 25) Mt 26:26; Mk 14:22; Lk 22:19; perh. Ac 2:42, 46; 20:7; 1 Cor 10:16f (the acc. τὸν ἄρτον vs. 16 is by attraction to the rel. ὅν; cp. Gen 31:16); 11:23, 26ff; D 14:1; IEph 20:2; AcPl Ha 4, 4 (s. κλάω, κατακλάω, εὐχαριστέω 2, εὐχαριστία 3 and Aberciusins. 16.—Diog. L. 8, 35: acc. to Pythagoras the εἷς ἄρτος [1 Cor 10:17] has served as a symbol of the union of the φίλοι from time immemorial to the present. Partaking of the same bread and wine [τ. αὐτὸν ἄρτον, οἶνον] as proof of the most intimate communion: Theodor. Prodr. 8, 400ff H.; Herodas 4, 93f: in the temple of Asclepius those who offer a sacrifice—in this case women—receive consecrated bread called ὑγιίη [ὑγίεια] to eat; Athen. 3, 115a ὑγίεια καλεῖται ἡ διδομένη ἐν ταῖς θυσίαις μᾶζα ἵνα ἀπογεύσωνται=the barley-cake that is given everyone to taste at the sacrifices is called Health; Anecd. Gr. 313, 13).—PdeBoer, Divine Bread, Studies in the Rel. of Anc. Israel, ’72, 27–36. S. καλάσις 2.
    ② any kind of food or nourishment, food gener. (since bread is the most important food; cp. לֶחֶם e.g. Is 65:25; Am 8:11; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010]) περισσεύεσθαι ἄρτων have more than enough bread, i.e. plenty to eat Lk 15:17 (cp. Pr 20:13). διαθρύπτειν πεινῶσι τὸν ἄ. break bread for the hungry, i.e. give them someth. to eat B 3:3, cp. 5 (Is 58:7, 10). Hence ἄ. ἐσθίειν eat, dine, eat a meal (Gen 37:25; 2 Km 12:20; Eccl 9:7; Orig., C. Cels 7, 28, 43; cp. Did., Gen. 190, 12) Mt 15:2; Mk 3:20; 7:2, 5; Lk 14:1. δωρεὰν ἄ. φαγεῖν παρά τινος eat someone’s bread without paying 2 Th 3:8. Opp. τὸν ἑαυτοῦ ἄρτον ἐσθίειν vs. 12. Of an ascetic way of life μὴ ἐσθίων ἄρτον μήτε πίνων οἶνον neither eating bread nor drinking wine, i.e. fasting Lk 7:33 (cp. 1 Esdr 9:2). On ἄ. ἐπιούσιος Mt 6:11; Lk 11:3; D 8:2 s. ἐπιούσιος.—τρώγειν τινὸς τὸν ἄ. be the guest of someone J 13:18 (cp. Ps 40:10). Since according to a concept widespread among Israelites and gentiles, eternal bliss was to be enjoyed in the form of a banquet, φαγεῖν ἄ. ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ=share eternal bliss, or salvation Lk 14:15.—In J ἄ. ἐκ τ. οὐρανοῦ (after Ps 77:24; cp. Ex 16:4; 2 Esdr 19:15; Ps 104:40; Wsd 16:20; SibOr Fgm. 3, 49) is Christ and his body in the Eucharist J 6:31ff, 41, 50, 58 or simply Christ himself. For this ἄ. τῆς ζωῆς (JosAs 8:5; 15:4) vs. 35, 48; ὁ ἄ. ὁ ζῶν vs. 51. Sim. ἄ. τ. θεοῦ IEph 5:2; IRo 7:3; ἄ. τ. Χριστοῦ 4:1.—BGärtner, J 6 and the Jewish Passover: ConNeot 17, ’59; GVermes, MBlack Festschr., ’69, 256–63.
    ③ means of support, support, livelihood τὸν ἄ. λαμβάνειν take his bread (i.e. support) D 11:6 (difft. Orig., C. Cels. 2, 68, 20: ‘take bread [from someone’s hand]’).
    ④ reward for labor, reward, proceeds λαμβάνειν τὸν ἄ. τοῦ ἔργου receive the reward of (one’s) labor 1 Cl 34:1.—EBattaglia, ‘Artos’, il lessico della panificazione nei paperi greci ’89.—B. 357. DELG. EDNT. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἄρτος

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