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1 λαγαίω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: aor. λαγάσαι (Crete),Compounds: also with ἀπο-.Derivatives: ἀπολάγαξις `release' (Crete; on the formation Chantraine Form. 281, Bechtel Dial. 2, 746). - Several nouns, that do not directly depend from the verb: 1. λαγαρός `slack, emaciated, thin' (IA.) with λαγαρότης `slackness etc.', λαγαρόομαι `get slack' (AP) with λαγάρωσις (Eust.; of στίχοι λαγαροί). λαγαρίζομαι meaning unclear (com.); 2. λάγανον `thin cake' (hell.) with λαγάνιον (late) and λαγανίζω (?; Hp. Morb. Sacr. 13 ; cf. Kind Herm. 72, 368) ; 1. a. 2. first from a noun *λαγαρ \/ ν-? (vgl. Benveniste Origines 18; to the frequent nom. in - ανον Chantraine Form. 198 f.). A ν-suffix also in the semantically deviant 3. λάγνος (- νης; on the barytone acc. Schwyzer 489) `lascivious, voluptuous' with λαγνεύω `be lascivious, be lecherous', λαγνεία `the act of coition etc.' (IA.). 4. *λαγος (*λάξ) `slack, thin' in λαγόνες pl. f. (m..), rarely - ών sg. `the hollows on the side, the flanks' (IA.), also in λαγώς `hare' (s. v.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur. substr.XEtymology: A direct agreement to *λαγος, if from *σλαγος (s. on λήγω) gives a Germ. adj. for `slack': Nord. slakr , OS slac, OE slæc etc.; here with anlaut. l- (= IE.) MLG. lak `id.', thus OIr. lacc `id.' (with expressive gg). The formal identity of λαγών and WNo. lake `flap', of λάγανον and OS lakan, OHG lahhan `cloth' rests on parallel innovations of the separate languages. - With λαγαρός we can directly compare Toch. A slākkär `sad'. Beside it with s-suffix Lat. laxus `slack, weak etc.'; also Skt. ślakṣṇá- `slippery, meagre, thin' (from *slakṣ- assim., Hendriksen IF 56, 27 f.)? - Disyllabic λαγά-σαι (: λαγαρός) has an example in the synonymous χαλά-σαι (: χαλαρός); λαγαίω is innovation like κεραίω, ἀγαίομαι (s. κεράννυμι and ἀγα-; diff. Specht Ursprung 325); besides NGr. (Cret.) λαγάζω, s. Schulze Kl. Schr. 354 n. 1. Cf. also on κλαδαρός. - With diff. ablaut here λήγω, λωγάνιον, λωγάς, s. vv. - As * slh₂g- would have given *slāg-, the form has not been explained; is it a Eur. substratum word?Page in Frisk: 2,68Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λαγαίω
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2 μόνος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `alone'.Compounds: Very often as 1. member, e.g. μόν-(μούν-)αρχος m. `monarch' with - έω, - ία etc. (Thgn., Pi., IA; cf. Scheller KZ 74, 233 n. 1).Derivatives: 1. μονάς, μουνάς, - άδος adj. f. (also m. Schwyzer 507, Chantraine Form. 358) `lonely' Trag., AP), subst. f. `unity' (Pl.; Schwyzer 597) with μοναδ-ιαῖος `of uniform greatness' (Hero), - ικός `consisting of unities, uniform, individual' (Arist.), - ιστί adv. `in unities' (Nicom.), - ισμός m. `formation of unity' (Dam.). -- 2. μοναχ-ῃ̃ (Pl., X.), - ῶς (Arist.) `only in one way', - οῦ (Pl., Thphr.) `onl in one place'; adj. μοναχός `individual' (Arist., Epicur.), also m. `hermit, monk' (AP, Procop.), Lat. monachus, with f. μονάχ-ουσα (Jerusalem VIp), adj. - ικός `belonging to a hermit, monkish' (Just., pap. VIp); subst. μοναχισμός `monastic life', cf. Leumann Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 304; μοναχ-όω `get lonely' (Aq.). -- 3. μουνάξ adv. `lonely, alone' (Od., Arat.; to μοναχοῦ etc.?, Schwyzer 620), μοναξία `lonelyness' (sch., Eust.) from *μοναξός as διξός etc., PN Μονάξιος (Vp); Schulze KZ 33, 394f. = Kl. Schr. 313f., Schwyzer 598. -- 4. μονιός, μούνιος `living alone, wild' (Call., AP), μονίας m. `lonely man' (Ael.). -- 5. μονία, - ίη `lonelyness, celibate' (Max.), μονότης f. `unity' (Sm., Iamb.), `singularity' (Alex. Aphr. in Metaph.). -- 6. μουνόθεν (Hdt. 1, 116; v. 1. - οθέντα), μονά-δην (A. D., EM), μουνα-δόν (Opp.) `lonely, alone'. -- 7. Verbs: μονόομαι ( μουν-), - όω `be left alone, leave alone' (Il.; Wackernagel Unt. 122ff.) with μόν-ωσις `lonelyness' (Pl., Ph.), - ώτης m. = μονίας (Arist.), - ωτικός `(left) alone' (Ph.); μονάζω `stay alone, isolate oneself' (LXX, Christ. writers, gramm.) with μονασμός `lonely situation' (Eust.), μοναστήριον `cel of a hermit, cloister' (Ph., pap.), μονάστρια f. `nun' (Just.).Etymology: Beside PGr. *μόνϜος, from where Ion. μοῦνος, Att. etc. μόνος (Kretschmer KZ 31, 444), stands, though in meaning a little apart, *μανϜός in μᾱνός, μανός (s.v.) `thin, rare', which agrees with Arm. manr, gen. manu `small, thin'. An element -u̯o- appears also in the synonymous οἶϜος (s. οἶος) and in ὅλος (s.v.) of related meaning; further *μόνϜος is isolated. A quite different formation with velar shows Skt. manā́k `a little', Lith. meñkas `scanty', Toch. B meṅki `less' a.o.; ambiguous is Hitt. maninku- `short, near' (formation as Lat. prop-inquus? Duchesne-Guillemin Trans. Phil. Soc. 1946 p. 82f., Benveniste BSL 50, 41). On the occasional contact with the group of μινύθω s.v.; also WP. 2, 266 f. Pok. 728 f., W.-Hofmann s. minor. -- Improbable Hahn Lang. 18, 88.Page in Frisk: 2,253-254Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μόνος
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3 κάρφω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: ` dry up, wither, wrinkle' (Od.).Derivatives: 1. κάρφος n. `arid stalk, twig, halm, hay' (IA.); καρφίον dimin. (Dsc.), καρφηρός `consisting of arid stalks' (E. Ion 172; cf. αὑχμηρός, αὑστηρός a. o., Chantraine Formation 232f.), καρφίτης `id.' (AP), καρφώδης `full of κ.' (gloss.), καρφεῖα n. pl. = κάρφη pl. (Nic. Al. 118); καρφόομαι (AP) = καρφύνεσθαι ξηραίνεσθαι, φθείρεσθαι H.; s. Fraenkel Denom. 294. 2. κάρφη f. `hay' (X., Arr.). 3. καρφαλέος `arid' (Il.; as αὑαλέος; perh. from κάρφος, cf. Chantraine 253f.). 4. κατακαρφ-ής `withered' (Nik. Fr. 70, 9).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: To the zero grade thematic root present κάρφω (with κάρφος for older *κέρφος?; s. below) the other languages have no agreement. Similarity is seen in a in Balto-Slavic and Germanic wide-spread groep, e. g. Russ. koróbitь `curve, bend', refl. `curve oneself, writhe', beside which with anlaut. s- skórbnutь `writhe', Lith. skrembù, skrèbti `get a thin crust, get stiff', NIsl. herpa-st `draw together convulsively', OIcel. skorpna `writhe, wither' etc., IE. ( s)kerbh-, ( s)krebh-; Pok. 948f. "m. reicher Lit. und buntem Vergleichsmaterial" (Frisk); also Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. koróbitь and skórblyj, W.-Hofmann s. corbis. Unclear remain the Hesych -glosses κορφῶς ἐλαφρῶς, κέρβαλα ἀσθενῆ (improb. v. Blumenthal Hesychst. 40f.).. - "Die expressive Wortgruppe hat offenbar lautliche Entgleisungen und Verschränkungen erlitten" (Frisk). "Les rapprochments proposés par les étymologistes ne donnent satisfaction ni pour la forme ni pour le sens" (DELG). Cf. also κράμβη, - ός. It seems then that the word is non-IE and it may well be Pre-Greek. Note κορφῶς.Page in Frisk: 1,795Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάρφω
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4 ἰσχνός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `dry, arid, languishing, lean' (IA).Compounds: Compp., e. g. ἰσχνό-φωνος `with dry (thin) voice' (Hdt., Hp., Arist.), often connected with ἴσχω (v. l. ἰσχό-φωνος; cf. below on ἰσχναίνω) and understood as `with halting voice'; ἔν-ισχνος `a little dry' (Nic. Al. 147; cf. Strömberg Prefix Studies 128).Derivatives: ἰσχνότης `dryness etc.' (Hp., Arist.); denomin. verbs: 1. ἰσχναίνω, also with prefix as κατ-, ἀπ-, `dry up, make lean' (IA) with ἰσχνασία, - ίη `dried up position, leanness' (Hp., Arist.; on the formation Schwyzer 469), ἰσχνασμός (Hp.), ἴσχνανσις (Paul. Aeg.) `drying up', ἰσχναντικός `drying up, becoming lean' (Arist.); 2. ἰσχνόομαι, - όω, also with ἀπ-, ἐξ- a. o., `get, make dry' (Hp., Arist.) with ἴσχνωσις, - ωτικός (medic. a. o.). - Beside it ἰσχαλέος `dry, barren' (τ 233, Man.) and ἰσχάς, - άδος f. `dried fig' (Com., Arist.) with ἰσχαδο-πώλης, ἰσχάδιον a. o. (Com.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: ἰσχ-ν-ός, ἰσχ-αλ-έος does not show old variation ν: λ, which is no IE category ( σμερδνός: σμερδαλέος does exist, of course, Schwyzer 484, Chantraine Formation 253). One might have expected a verb ἰσχαίνω ( κερδαλέος: κερδαίνω), which is often found as v. l., but it may also be a mix with ἰσχάνω `hold back'. A related u-stem has been assumed in Av. hišku-, Celt., e. g. MIr. sesc `dry', IE * si-sk-u(-o)-. (One uspposed for ἰσχνός an ad hoc basis * si-sk-sno- (Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 1, 475); from an s-stem? - Unclear is the basis of ἰσχάς; after οἰνάς, κοτινάς, φυτάς, μυρτάς etc. one would suppose a noun. Further suggestions (IE sek- `dry up') in Bq, Pok. 894f., W.-Hofmann s. siccus. - Not with Osthoff IF 27, 181ff. to Lat. vēscus `emaciated, lean' (to vēscor, s. W.-Hofmann s. v.).Page in Frisk: 1,741-742Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἰσχνός
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5 Σείριος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `Sirius, dog star' (Hes.), also appositive or attributive Σείριος ἀστήρ (Hes. Op. 417), as adj. of stars (Ibyc. a. o.) and of the sun (Archil. a. o.), `glowing, burning, desiccating'; also as adjunct of the νᾶες (Tim. Pers. 192), prob. reinterpreted as `devastating, destroying' (cf. v. Wilamowitz ad loc.).Derivatives: σειριόεις `scorching, glowing' ( ἥλιος, ἀτμός, Opp., Nonn.); σειρι-άω `to glow, to scorch' ( ὀξέα σειριάει, of Σείριος, Arat. 331), also `to get a heat stroke, σειρίασις' (medic.); σειρ-αίνω `to scorch, to parch' (Oros ap. EM), - όω ( ἀπο-), also - έω (- εόω) `to desiccate, to drain, to filtrate' (medic., pap.; cf. Lagercrantz on PHolm. 23, 21) with - ωμα, - ωσις (late); - άζω `to strike', of lightning (Ael. Dion.). To this designations for `thin, transparent (summer)garment': σειρόν, σείριον, σείρινα, σειρήν (Harp., Phot., Hes.); cf. Solmsen Wortforsch. 128. Artificial backformation σείρ, σειρός ὁ ἥλιος καὶ Σείριος (Suid.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Not certainly explained. If prop. `sparkling, flickering' and at all IE., Σείριος can with σείω (s. v.) belong to a verb for `be excited, sparkle, gleam' in Skt. tviṣ-, to which a.o. tvíṣ- `excitement, gleam', tveṣ-á- `tempestuous, sparkling'; to this also Av. ʮwisra- `lighting'. Basis then *tu̯eis-ro- or (if σει- would stand for σῑ-; Götze KZ 51, 151 f.) *tu̯is-ro-; s., beside Bq, WP. 1, 748 w. lit., Pok. 1099. Further details w. lit. in Scherer Gestirnnamen 111ff. -- Furnée 262 compares τίριος θέρους. Κρῆτες H.; if so, the word would be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,688Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Σείριος
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