generally

confĭtĕor, fessus, 2 (arch. inf. confiterier, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 22), v. dep. [fateor], to acknowledge, confess, own, avow (an error, mistake, or a fact previously denied or doubted, etc., implying a sacrifice of will or a change of conviction; while fateor expresses a simple acknowledgment, and profiteor a voluntary avowal), to concede, allow, grant (class. in prose and poetry):

quid confitetur, atque ita libenter confitetur, ut non solum fateri sed etiam profiteri videatur?

Cic. Caecin. 9, 24; cf.: hic ego non solum confiteor, verum etiam profiteor, id. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 434, 30:

tacendo loqui, non infitiando confiteri videbantur,

id. Sest. 18, 40.

In gen.

With acc.:

et genus et divitias meas,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 52:

peccatum suum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

amorem nutrici,

Ov. M. 14, 703; cf.:

amorem patris nutrici,

Quint. 9, 2, 64:

crimen,

Curt. 6, 11, 31:

facinus,

id. 8, 8, 2: singula, * Cat. 86, 2: se, to make one's self known (sc. Jovem), Ov. M. 3, 2; cf.

deam,

Verg. A. 2, 591.—With two accs.:

se victos, Cacs. B. C. 1, 84: se imperitum,

Quint. 1, 10, 19:

causam Caesaris meliorem,

id. 5, 11, 42:

hoc de statuis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 60, § 149:

summam infirmitatem de se,

Quint. 2, 4, 28:

de se quid voluerit,

id. 8, 4, 23.—

With acc. and inf.:

hoc confiteor jure mi obtigisse,

Ter. And. 3, 5, 1; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 97; 5, 3, 12:

me abs te cupisse laudari aperte atque ingenue confitebar,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 2; 1, 9, 18; id. N. D. 1, 7, 44; Lucr. 1, 271; 1, 826; 2, 691 al.; Quint. 2, 17, 19; 11, 1, 85; Suet. Caes. 52 et saep.—

Absol.:

ut eampse vos audistis confiterier,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 22; Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 13; id. Phorm. 5, 9 (8), 46:

confitentem audire Torquatum,

Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 21; Ov. M. 2, 52; 13, 270; Curt. 6, 11, 14; Tac. A. 11, 28:

vere,

Ov. R. Am. 318; cf.:

confessae manus,

i. e. confessing defeat, id. M. 5, 215.—

With de:

de maleficio,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 41, 119; so id. ib. 42, 123; Tac. A. 14, 59; cf. supra, a fin. —

Part. perf.: confessus, a, um, in a pass. signif.: aes, Lex XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 15, 13, 11, and 20, 1, 45; Dig. 42, 1, 15; v. under P. a.—Hence,

Esp., after the Aug. per., sometimes, to reveal, manifest, make known, show.

With acc.:

confessa vultibus iram,

Ov. M. 6, 35:

motum animi sui lacrimis,

Quint. 6, 1, 23:

admirationem suam plausu,

id. 8, 3, 3; 9, 4, 39:

cupidinem coëundi,

id. 1, 28, 2. —

With acc. and inf., Quint. 1, 6, 15; 4, 2, 122; Plin. Ep. 3, 14, 3; Pall. Jun. 7, 6.—

In eccl. writers, to confess, own, acknowledge: Christum, Prud. steph. 5, 40.— With dat.:

tibi, Domine,

Vulg. Psa. 137, 1:

nomini tuo,

id. ib. 141, 8.— Absol., Cypr. Ep. 15.— confessus, a, um, P. a.

Act., confessing, that has acknowledged, pleaded guilty, etc.:

reus,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 56:

in judicio reus,

Dig. 48, 4, 4, § 1.— Subst.: confessi, ōrum, m., criminals who have confessed their guilt:

de confessis supplicium sumere,

Sall. C. 52, 36.—

Pass., lit., acknowledged; hence, undoubted, evident, certain, incontrovertible (most freq. in the post-Aug. per.):

ut omnes intellegant, quam improbam, quam manifestam, quam confessam rem pecuniā redimere conetur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 56, § 130:

confessā in re,

Plin. 7, 49, 50, § 164; 20, 11, 45, § 116.—Esp., subst.: confessum, i, n., an undoubted, certain, acknowledged thing, matter:

a confessis transeamus ad dubiā,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 21, 1:

adhuc versamur in confessis,

Quint. 7, 1, 48:

de confessis disserere,

Plin. 10, 49, 70, § 138 al. —Hence the phrases:

ex confesso,

confessedly, beyond doubt, Quint. 3, 5, 3; Sen. Ep. 76, 12:

in confesso esse,

to be notorious, everywhere known, id. Ben. 3, 11, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 2, 3; id. Q. N. 2, 22, 2; Vell. 2, 85, 4; Plin. 35, 8, 34, § 54; Tac. Or. 25; 27:

vita cervis in confesso longa est,

Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 191; Amm. 21, 1, 3:

in confessum venire,

to be generally acknowledged, be well known, Plin. Ep. 10, 81 (85), 8; cf.:

ad liquidum confessumque perducere omnia,

Quint. 5, 14, 28:

pro confesso habere aliquid,

Lact. 2, 8.

consŭētūdo, ĭnis, f. [consuesco].

A being accustomed, custom, habit, use, usage.

In gen. (very freq. in all periods, esp. in prose):

exercitatio ex quā consuetudo gignitur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 358:

dicunt... consuetudine quasi alteram naturam effici,

id. Fin. 5, 25, 74:

ad parentium consuetudinem moremque deducimur,

id. Off. 1, 32, 118; id. Mil. 1, 1; id. Clu. 38, 96:

majorum,

id. Div. in Caecil. 21, 67; cf. id. ib. 2, 5:

Siculorum ceterorumque Graecorum,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129; id. de Or. 2, 3, 13; Caes. B. G. 1, 45; cf. id. ib. 1, 43:

eorum dierum,

id. ib. 2, 17:

non est meae consuetudinis rationem reddere, etc.,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 1, 1: con [p. 441] suetudo mea fert, id. Caecin. 29, 85:

consuetudinem tenere, etc.,

id. Phil. 1, 11, 27:

haec ad nostram consuetudinem sunt levia,

Nep. Epam. 2, 3:

contra morem consuetudinemque civilem aliquid facere,

Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:

quod apud Germanos ea consuetudo esset, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 50; cf. with ut, id. ib. 4, 5:

cottidianae vitae,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 42:

virtutem ex consuetudine vitae sermonisque nostri interpretemur,

Cic. Lael. 6, 21; cf.:

vitae meae,

id. Rab. Perd. 1, 2;

and sermonis,

id. Fat. 11, 24; Quint. 1, 6, 45:

communis sensūs,

Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 12:

jam in proverbii consuetudinem venit,

id. Off. 2, 15, 55:

victūs,

id. Att. 12, 26, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

otii,

Quint. 1, 3, 11 al.:

peccandi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 176; Quint. 7, 2, 44:

splendidior loquendi,

Cic. Brut. 20, 78:

loquendi,

Quint. 1, 6, 43; 11, 1, 12:

dicendi,

Cic. Mur. 13, 29; Quint. 2, 4, 16:

docendi,

id. 2, 5, 2:

vivendi,

id. 1, 6, 45:

immanis ac barbara hominum immolandorum,

Cic. Font. 10, 21; cf.:

classium certis diebus audiendarum,

Quint. 10, 5, 21 al.:

indocta,

Cic. Or. 48, 161: mala, * Hor. S. 1, 3, 36:

assidua,

Quint. 1, 1, 13:

longa,

id. 2, 5, 2:

vetus,

id. 1, 6, 43:

communis,

id. 11, 1, 12; 12, 2, 19:

vulgaris,

id. 2, 13, 11; Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 248:

bene facere jam ex consuetudine in naturam vortit,

Sall. J. 85, 9:

omnia quae in consuetudine probantur,

generally, Cic. Ac. 2, 24, 75:

negant umquam solam hanc alitem (aquilam) fulmine exanimatam. Ideo armigeram Jovis consuetudo judicavit,

the general opinion, Plin. 10, 3, 4, § 15.—

With prepp., ex consuetudine, pro consuetudine, and absol. consuetudine, according to or from custom, by or from habit, in a usual or customary manner, etc.:

Germani celeriter ex consuetudine suā phalange factā impetus gladiorum exceperunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 52; so with ex, Sall. J. 71, 4; 85, 9; Quint. 2, 5, 1; Suet. Ner. 42 al.:

pro meā consuetudine,

according to my custom, Cic. Arch. 12, 32:

consuetudine suā Caesar sex legiones expeditas ducebat,

Caes. B. G. 2, 19; 2, 32:

consuetudine animus rursus te huc inducet,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 41:

huc cum se consuetudine reclinaverunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 27 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 24, 2; Sall. J. 31, 25 al.—Less freq.: praeter consuetudinem, contrary to experience, unexpectedly (opp. praeter naturam), Cic. Div. 2, 28, 60:

plures praeter consuetudinem armatos apparere,

contrary to custom, Nep. Hann. 12, 4; cf.:

contra consuetudinem,

Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:

supra consuetudinem,

Cels. 2, 2.—

Esp.

Customary right, usage as a common law:

(jus) constat ex his partibus: naturā, lege, consuetudine, judicato... consuetudine jus est id, quod sine lege aeque ac si legitimum sit, usitatum est,

Auct. Her. 2, 13, 19; Cic. Inv. 2, 54, 162:

consuetudine jus esse putatur id, quod voluntate omnium sine lege vetustas comprobavit,

id. ib. 2, 22, 67; Varr. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 7, 601; Cic. Caecin. 8, 23; id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 5; Dig. 1, 3, 32.—

In gram. (instead of consuetudo loquendi; cf. supra), a usage or idiom of language, Varr. L. L. in 8th and 9th books on almost every page; Cic. Or. 47, 157; Quint. 1, 6, 3; 1, 6, 16; 2, 5, 2.—Hence,

In Col. for language in gen.:

consuetudini Latinae oeconomicum Xenophontis tradere,

Col. 12, praef. §

7: nostra (opp. Graeca),

id. 6, 17, 7.—

Social intercourse, companionship, familiarity, conversation (freq. and class; in an honorable sense most freq. in Cic.).

In gen.:

(Deiotarus) cum hominibus nostris consuetudines, amicitias, res rationesque jungebat,

Cic. Deiot. 9, 27; so in plur.:

victūs cum multis,

id. Mil. 8, 21; and in sing.:

victūs,

id. Or. 10, 33:

domesticus usus et consuetudo est alicui cum aliquo,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15; cf. id. Fam. 13, 23, 1:

consuetudine conjuncti inter nos sumus,

id. Att. 1, 16, 11:

consuetudine ac familiaritate,

id. Quint. 3, 12;

so with familiaritas,

id. Fam. 10, 3, 1:

dare se in consuetudinem,

id. Pis. 28, 68:

insinuare in alicujus consuetudinem,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 6; cf.:

immergere se in consuetudinem alicujus,

id. Clu. 13, 36:

epistularum,

epistolary correspondence, id. Fam. 4, 13, 1:

nutrimentorum,

community, Suet. Calig. 9.—

In partic., intercourse in love, in an honorable, and more freq. in a dishonorable sense, a love affair, an amour, love intrique, illicit intercourse, Ter. And. 3, 3, 28; id. Hec. 3, 3, 44; Suet. Tib. 7; id. Ner. 35; Ter. And. 1, 1, 83; 1, 5, 44; 2, 6, 8; Liv. 39, 9, 6 and 7; Quint. 5, 11, 34; Suet. Tit. 10 al.—

So also freq.: consuetudo stupri,

Sall. C. 23, 3; Suet. Calig. 24; id. Oth. 2; Curt. 4, 10, 31.

con-tingo, tĭgi, tactum, 3, v. a. and n. [tango], to touch on all sides. to touch, take hold of, seize (very freq. in all periods and species of composition).

Lit.

In gen.:

facile cibum terrestrem rostris,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 122:

funem manu,

Verg. A. 2, 239; cf. Ov. M. 2, 151:

munera Cerealia dextrā,

id. ib. 11, 122:

undas pede,

id. ib. 2, 457:

focos ore tremente,

id. Tr. 1, 3, 44:

terram osculo,

Liv. 1, 56, 12:

ora nati sacro medicamine,

Ov. M. 2, 123; cf. id. ib. 14, 607:

montes suo igni (sol),

Lucr. 4, 407; cf. Cat. 64, 408, and Suet. Ner. 6:

cibos sale modico,

to sprinkle, Cels. 2, 24: sidera comā ( poet. designation for a very great height), Ov. F. 3, 34; cf.:

nubes aërio vertice (Taurus),

Tib. 1, 7, 15: summa sidera plantis, to reach the stars (a poet. designation of great prosperity), Prop. 1, 8, 43:

mitem taurum,

Ov. M. 2, 860; cf. id. ib. 8, 423:

glebam,

id. ib. 11, 111:

paene terram (luna),

Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91:

caules (vitis),

id. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

dextras consulum (as a friendly greeting or congratulation),

Liv. 28, 9, 6; so,

manum,

Vell. 2, 104, 5; 2, 107, 4.—

With partic. access. ideas.

To eat, partake of, taste ( poet.):

neque illinc Audeat esuriens dominus contingere granum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 113:

cibos ore,

Ov. M. 5, 531:

aquas,

id. ib. 15, 281:

fontem,

id. ib. 3, 409.—

To touch impurely (very rare):

corpus corpore,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 204.—

To touch, i. e. to be near, neighboring, or contiguous, to border upon, to reach, extend to; with acc., dat., or inter se; with acc.:

Helvi, qui fines Arvernorum contingunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 7 fin.:

turri adactā et contingente vallum,

id. ib. 5, 43; cf.:

in saltu Vescino Falernum contingente agrum,

Liv. 10, 21, 8:

praesidium coloniarum Illyricum contingentium,

Suet. Aug. 25. —With dat.:

ut radices montis ex utrāque parte ripae fluminis contingant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 38.—With inter se:

ut (milites) contingant inter se atque omnem munitionem expleant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 21; cf. id. B. G. 7, 23.—

With the idea of motion, to reach something by moving, to attain to, reach, come to, arrive at, meet with, etc. (mostly poet.); with acc.:

optatam metam cursu,

Hor. A. P. 412:

Ephyren pennis,

Ov. M. 7, 392:

Italiam,

Verg. A. 5, 18:

fines Illyricos,

Ov. M. 4, 568:

Creten,

id. ib. 8, 100:

Cadmeïda arcem,

id. ib. 6, 217:

rapidas Phasidos undas,

id. ib. 7, 6:

auras,

to come into the air, id. ib. 15, 416 al.:

avem ferro,

to hit, Verg. A. 5, 509; cf. Ov M. 8, 351: ullum mortalem (vox mea), id. id. 2, 578; cf.

thus aures,

id. ib. 1, 211; and aures fando, with the acc. and inf., id. ib. 15, 497: aevi florem, to come to or reach the flower of age, Lucr. 1, 565.—

Trop.

In gen., to touch, to seize upon, affect (rare). multitudo agrestium, quos in aliquā suā fortunā publica quoque contingebat cura, Liv. 22, 10, 8:

contactus nullis ante cupidinibus,

Prop. 1, 1, 2:

quam me manifesta libido contigit!

Ov. M. 9, 484: animum curā. Val. Fl. 7, 173; cf.:

aliquem (curā), contacti simili sorte,

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 78. —Far more freq.,

In partic.

(Acc. to I. B. 2.) To touch with pollution, to pollute, stain, defile, etc.; so generally in part. perf. (as a verb. finit. the kindr. contamino was in use):

(Gallos) contactos eo scelere velut injectā rabie ad arma ituros,

Liv. 21, 48, 3; so,

contacta civitas rabie duorum juvenum,

id. 4, 9, 10:

omnes eā violatione templi,

id. 29, 8, 11 (for which id. 29, 18, 8:

nefandà praedā se ipsos ac domos contaminare suas): plebs regiā praedā,

id. 2, 5, 2; cf. id. 4, 15, 8:

equi candidi et nullo mortali opere contacti,

Tac. G. 10: dies (sc. Alliensis) religione, [p. 450] Liv. 6, 28, 6:

pectora vitiis,

Tac. Or. 12.—Once absol.:

contactus ensis,

Sen. Hippol. 714.—

(Acc. to I. B. 3.) With aliquem aliquā re or only aliquem, to be connected with or related to, to concern:

ut quisque tam foede interemptos aut propinquitate aut amicitiā contingebat,

Liv. 25, 8, 2:

aliquem sanguine ac genere,

id. 45, 7, 3; 24, 22, 14:

aliquem artissimo gradu,

Suet. Aug. 4:

domum Caesarum nullo gradu,

id. Galb. 2; cf. absol.:

deos (i. e. Maecenatem et Augustum) quoniam propius contingis,

have more ready access to the great, Hor. S. 2, 6, 52:

Sabinum modico usu,

to have little intercourse with, Tac. A. 4, 68:

multis in Italiā contactis gentibus Punici belli societate,

Liv. 31, 8, 11; cf.:

si crĭmine contingantur,

have part in, Dig. 11, 4, 1:

haec consultatio Romanos nihil contingit,

concerns not, Liv. 34, 22, 12; cf.:

quae (causa) nihil eo facto contingitur,

id. 40, 14, 9.—

(Acc. to I. B. 4.) To attain to, reach, arrive at something, to come to (very rare):

quam regionem cum superavit animus naturamque sui similem contigit et agnovit,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43.—

With and without dat. of person; of occurrences, to happen to one, to befall, fall to one's lot, to succeed in, obtain a thing; and absol., to happen, fall to, turn out, come to pass (so most freq. in all perr. and species of composition; in gen., of favorable, but sometimes of indifferent, or even adverse occurrences).

With dat.:

cui tam subito tot contigerint commoda,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 3:

haec tot propter me gaudia illi contigisse laetor,

id. Hec. 5, 3, 35:

quod isti (Crasso) contigit uni,

Cic. de Or. 2, 56, 228; 1, 35, 164; id. Off. 1, 43, 153; id. Fam. 5, 21, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 1; Caes. B. G. 1, 43; Quint. 10, 1, 115; 12, 11, 29; Suet. Caes. 35; id. Calig. 3, 10 et saep.; Ov. M. 3, 321; 11, 268; 15, 443; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 46; 1, 4, 10; 1, 17, 9 et saep.:

cum tanto plura bene dicendi exempla supersint quam illis contigerunt,

Quint. 10, 2, 28: quam mihi maxime hic hodie contigerit malum, Enn. ap. Non. p. 268, 12:

quod (sc. servitus) potentibus populis saepe contigit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 15; id. Cat. 1, 7, 16:

cum miseri animi essent, quod plerisque contingeret,

id. N. D. 1, 11, 27; id. Phil. 14, 8, 24; id. Fam. 5, 16, 5; id. Sen. 19, 71; id. Off. 2, 14, 50; 2, 19, 65; id. Fam. 11, 16, 2 al.: quoties ipsi testatori aliquid contingit, a misfortune befalls, etc., Dig. 28, 3, 6:

si quid ei humanitus contigerit,

ib. 34, 4, 30 fin. (cf. ib. § 2: sive in viā aliquid mihi humanitus acciderit, and v. 2. accido, II. B.).— Impers. with inf.:

non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 36:

mihi Romae nutriri atque doceri,

id. ib. 2, 2, 41:

mihi recusare principatum,

Vell. 2, 124, 2:

mihi cognoscere (eos),

Quint. 12, 11, 3; 1, 1, 11; 5, 7, 25; 6, 1, 4 al.—And, at the same time, a dat. of the predicate (post-class. and rare):

quo tempore mihi fratrique meo destinari praetoribus contigit,

Vell. 2, 124, 4:

maximo tibi et civi et duci evadere contigit,

Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 2 (in Ov. M. 11, 220, the better read. is nepotem); cf. Haase in Reisig. Lect. p. 794 sq.—With ut:

volo hoc oratori contingat, ut, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 84, 290; id. Off. 1, 1, 3; id. Phil. 5, 18, 49; Quint. 11, 2, 51 al. —

With acc. (very rare):

sors Tyrrhenum contigit,

fell upon Tyrrhenus, Vell. 1, 1 fin.:

Italiam palma frugum,

Plin. 18, 11, 29, § 109.—

Absol. (very freq.):

hanc mi expetivi, contigit,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 13:

magis adeo id facilitate quam aliā ullā culpā meā contigit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15:

quod si nulla contingit excusatio,

Quint. 11, 1, 81:

ubi quid melius contingit et unctius,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 44 et saep.—With abl.:

quia memoria atque actio naturā non arte contingant,

Quint. 3, 3, 4; so id. 1, 1, 33; 2, 2, 11 al.—With ex:

gratia, quae continget ex sermone puro atque dilucido,

Quint. 11, 1, 53; so id. 8, 3, 70:

ex eādem brassicā contingunt aestivi autumnalesque cauliculi,

arise, spring, Plin. 19, 8, 41, § 138 al.:

nihil horum nisi in complexu loquendi serieque contingit,

Quint. 1, 5, 3.—With inf.:

fingere cinctutis non exaudita Cethegis Continget,

Hor. A. P. 51; Quint. 1, 1, 11; 5, 7, 25:

concitare invidiam, etc.... liberius in peroratione contingit,

id. 6, 1, 14.—With ut:

quod nunquam opinatus fui... id contigit, ut salvi poteremur domi,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 32; so Quint. 4, 1, 7; 9, 3, 72; 11, 2, 39.

con-tingo ( - tinguo), ĕre, v. a., to wet, moisten (perh. only in Lucr. and Verg.).

Lit.:

oras, pocula circum mellis liquore,

Lucr. 1, 938:

semina rerum colore,

id. 2, 755:

lac parco sale,

to sprinkle, Verg. G. 3, 403:

tonsum corpus amurcā,

id. ib. 3, 448. —

Trop.:

musaeo contingens cuncta lepore,

Lucr. 1, 934 and 947; 4, 9 and 22.

con-tingo, tĭgi, tactum, 3, v. a. and n. [tango], to touch on all sides. to touch, take hold of, seize (very freq. in all periods and species of composition).

Lit.

In gen.:

facile cibum terrestrem rostris,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 122:

funem manu,

Verg. A. 2, 239; cf. Ov. M. 2, 151:

munera Cerealia dextrā,

id. ib. 11, 122:

undas pede,

id. ib. 2, 457:

focos ore tremente,

id. Tr. 1, 3, 44:

terram osculo,

Liv. 1, 56, 12:

ora nati sacro medicamine,

Ov. M. 2, 123; cf. id. ib. 14, 607:

montes suo igni (sol),

Lucr. 4, 407; cf. Cat. 64, 408, and Suet. Ner. 6:

cibos sale modico,

to sprinkle, Cels. 2, 24: sidera comā ( poet. designation for a very great height), Ov. F. 3, 34; cf.:

nubes aërio vertice (Taurus),

Tib. 1, 7, 15: summa sidera plantis, to reach the stars (a poet. designation of great prosperity), Prop. 1, 8, 43:

mitem taurum,

Ov. M. 2, 860; cf. id. ib. 8, 423:

glebam,

id. ib. 11, 111:

paene terram (luna),

Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91:

caules (vitis),

id. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

dextras consulum (as a friendly greeting or congratulation),

Liv. 28, 9, 6; so,

manum,

Vell. 2, 104, 5; 2, 107, 4.—

With partic. access. ideas.

To eat, partake of, taste ( poet.):

neque illinc Audeat esuriens dominus contingere granum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 113:

cibos ore,

Ov. M. 5, 531:

aquas,

id. ib. 15, 281:

fontem,

id. ib. 3, 409.—

To touch impurely (very rare):

corpus corpore,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 204.—

To touch, i. e. to be near, neighboring, or contiguous, to border upon, to reach, extend to; with acc., dat., or inter se; with acc.:

Helvi, qui fines Arvernorum contingunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 7 fin.:

turri adactā et contingente vallum,

id. ib. 5, 43; cf.:

in saltu Vescino Falernum contingente agrum,

Liv. 10, 21, 8:

praesidium coloniarum Illyricum contingentium,

Suet. Aug. 25. —With dat.:

ut radices montis ex utrāque parte ripae fluminis contingant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 38.—With inter se:

ut (milites) contingant inter se atque omnem munitionem expleant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 21; cf. id. B. G. 7, 23.—

With the idea of motion, to reach something by moving, to attain to, reach, come to, arrive at, meet with, etc. (mostly poet.); with acc.:

optatam metam cursu,

Hor. A. P. 412:

Ephyren pennis,

Ov. M. 7, 392:

Italiam,

Verg. A. 5, 18:

fines Illyricos,

Ov. M. 4, 568:

Creten,

id. ib. 8, 100:

Cadmeïda arcem,

id. ib. 6, 217:

rapidas Phasidos undas,

id. ib. 7, 6:

auras,

to come into the air, id. ib. 15, 416 al.:

avem ferro,

to hit, Verg. A. 5, 509; cf. Ov M. 8, 351: ullum mortalem (vox mea), id. id. 2, 578; cf.

thus aures,

id. ib. 1, 211; and aures fando, with the acc. and inf., id. ib. 15, 497: aevi florem, to come to or reach the flower of age, Lucr. 1, 565.—

Trop.

In gen., to touch, to seize upon, affect (rare). multitudo agrestium, quos in aliquā suā fortunā publica quoque contingebat cura, Liv. 22, 10, 8:

contactus nullis ante cupidinibus,

Prop. 1, 1, 2:

quam me manifesta libido contigit!

Ov. M. 9, 484: animum curā. Val. Fl. 7, 173; cf.:

aliquem (curā), contacti simili sorte,

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 78. —Far more freq.,

In partic.

(Acc. to I. B. 2.) To touch with pollution, to pollute, stain, defile, etc.; so generally in part. perf. (as a verb. finit. the kindr. contamino was in use):

(Gallos) contactos eo scelere velut injectā rabie ad arma ituros,

Liv. 21, 48, 3; so,

contacta civitas rabie duorum juvenum,

id. 4, 9, 10:

omnes eā violatione templi,

id. 29, 8, 11 (for which id. 29, 18, 8:

nefandà praedā se ipsos ac domos contaminare suas): plebs regiā praedā,

id. 2, 5, 2; cf. id. 4, 15, 8:

equi candidi et nullo mortali opere contacti,

Tac. G. 10: dies (sc. Alliensis) religione, [p. 450] Liv. 6, 28, 6:

pectora vitiis,

Tac. Or. 12.—Once absol.:

contactus ensis,

Sen. Hippol. 714.—

(Acc. to I. B. 3.) With aliquem aliquā re or only aliquem, to be connected with or related to, to concern:

ut quisque tam foede interemptos aut propinquitate aut amicitiā contingebat,

Liv. 25, 8, 2:

aliquem sanguine ac genere,

id. 45, 7, 3; 24, 22, 14:

aliquem artissimo gradu,

Suet. Aug. 4:

domum Caesarum nullo gradu,

id. Galb. 2; cf. absol.:

deos (i. e. Maecenatem et Augustum) quoniam propius contingis,

have more ready access to the great, Hor. S. 2, 6, 52:

Sabinum modico usu,

to have little intercourse with, Tac. A. 4, 68:

multis in Italiā contactis gentibus Punici belli societate,

Liv. 31, 8, 11; cf.:

si crĭmine contingantur,

have part in, Dig. 11, 4, 1:

haec consultatio Romanos nihil contingit,

concerns not, Liv. 34, 22, 12; cf.:

quae (causa) nihil eo facto contingitur,

id. 40, 14, 9.—

(Acc. to I. B. 4.) To attain to, reach, arrive at something, to come to (very rare):

quam regionem cum superavit animus naturamque sui similem contigit et agnovit,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43.—

With and without dat. of person; of occurrences, to happen to one, to befall, fall to one's lot, to succeed in, obtain a thing; and absol., to happen, fall to, turn out, come to pass (so most freq. in all perr. and species of composition; in gen., of favorable, but sometimes of indifferent, or even adverse occurrences).

With dat.:

cui tam subito tot contigerint commoda,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 3:

haec tot propter me gaudia illi contigisse laetor,

id. Hec. 5, 3, 35:

quod isti (Crasso) contigit uni,

Cic. de Or. 2, 56, 228; 1, 35, 164; id. Off. 1, 43, 153; id. Fam. 5, 21, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 1; Caes. B. G. 1, 43; Quint. 10, 1, 115; 12, 11, 29; Suet. Caes. 35; id. Calig. 3, 10 et saep.; Ov. M. 3, 321; 11, 268; 15, 443; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 46; 1, 4, 10; 1, 17, 9 et saep.:

cum tanto plura bene dicendi exempla supersint quam illis contigerunt,

Quint. 10, 2, 28: quam mihi maxime hic hodie contigerit malum, Enn. ap. Non. p. 268, 12:

quod (sc. servitus) potentibus populis saepe contigit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 15; id. Cat. 1, 7, 16:

cum miseri animi essent, quod plerisque contingeret,

id. N. D. 1, 11, 27; id. Phil. 14, 8, 24; id. Fam. 5, 16, 5; id. Sen. 19, 71; id. Off. 2, 14, 50; 2, 19, 65; id. Fam. 11, 16, 2 al.: quoties ipsi testatori aliquid contingit, a misfortune befalls, etc., Dig. 28, 3, 6:

si quid ei humanitus contigerit,

ib. 34, 4, 30 fin. (cf. ib. § 2: sive in viā aliquid mihi humanitus acciderit, and v. 2. accido, II. B.).— Impers. with inf.:

non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 36:

mihi Romae nutriri atque doceri,

id. ib. 2, 2, 41:

mihi recusare principatum,

Vell. 2, 124, 2:

mihi cognoscere (eos),

Quint. 12, 11, 3; 1, 1, 11; 5, 7, 25; 6, 1, 4 al.—And, at the same time, a dat. of the predicate (post-class. and rare):

quo tempore mihi fratrique meo destinari praetoribus contigit,

Vell. 2, 124, 4:

maximo tibi et civi et duci evadere contigit,

Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 2 (in Ov. M. 11, 220, the better read. is nepotem); cf. Haase in Reisig. Lect. p. 794 sq.—With ut:

volo hoc oratori contingat, ut, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 84, 290; id. Off. 1, 1, 3; id. Phil. 5, 18, 49; Quint. 11, 2, 51 al. —

With acc. (very rare):

sors Tyrrhenum contigit,

fell upon Tyrrhenus, Vell. 1, 1 fin.:

Italiam palma frugum,

Plin. 18, 11, 29, § 109.—

Absol. (very freq.):

hanc mi expetivi, contigit,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 13:

magis adeo id facilitate quam aliā ullā culpā meā contigit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15:

quod si nulla contingit excusatio,

Quint. 11, 1, 81:

ubi quid melius contingit et unctius,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 44 et saep.—With abl.:

quia memoria atque actio naturā non arte contingant,

Quint. 3, 3, 4; so id. 1, 1, 33; 2, 2, 11 al.—With ex:

gratia, quae continget ex sermone puro atque dilucido,

Quint. 11, 1, 53; so id. 8, 3, 70:

ex eādem brassicā contingunt aestivi autumnalesque cauliculi,

arise, spring, Plin. 19, 8, 41, § 138 al.:

nihil horum nisi in complexu loquendi serieque contingit,

Quint. 1, 5, 3.—With inf.:

fingere cinctutis non exaudita Cethegis Continget,

Hor. A. P. 51; Quint. 1, 1, 11; 5, 7, 25:

concitare invidiam, etc.... liberius in peroratione contingit,

id. 6, 1, 14.—With ut:

quod nunquam opinatus fui... id contigit, ut salvi poteremur domi,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 32; so Quint. 4, 1, 7; 9, 3, 72; 11, 2, 39.

con-tingo ( - tinguo), ĕre, v. a., to wet, moisten (perh. only in Lucr. and Verg.).

Lit.:

oras, pocula circum mellis liquore,

Lucr. 1, 938:

semina rerum colore,

id. 2, 755:

lac parco sale,

to sprinkle, Verg. G. 3, 403:

tonsum corpus amurcā,

id. ib. 3, 448. —

Trop.:

musaeo contingens cuncta lepore,

Lucr. 1, 934 and 947; 4, 9 and 22.

contŭmācĭa, ae, f. [contumax], perseverance in one's purpose or opinion, generally in a bad sense, arrogance, inflexibility, contumacy, obstinacy, stubbornness.

Prop.

In gen. (in good prose, and very freq.):

illa tua singularis insolentia, superbia, contumacia,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 41, § 89; so,

contumacia et adrogantia,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

contumacia et ferocitas,

Suet. Vit. 2 al.:

inter abruptam contumaciam et deforme obsequium pergere iter,

Tac. A. 4, 20 fin.:

oris oculorumque illa contumacia ac superbia,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 2, § 5:

adversus principem,

Tac. H. 4, 3:

parendi,

Plin. Pan. 18:

eadem in vultu,

Liv. 2, 61, 6; cf. Tac. A. 1, 24 fin.:

responsi tui,

Cic. Pis. 31, 78.— Sometimes in a good sense, firmness, constancy, self-confidence (cf. contumax):

Socrates adhibuit liberam contumaciam,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; so,

maxima innocentiae,

Quint. Decl. 2, 5.—

Esp., jurid. t. t., an obstinate disobedience to a judicial order, an obstinate refusal to appear in court, contumacy, Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 57 (65), 2:

contumacia eorum, qui jus dicenti non temperant, litis damno coërcetur,

Dig. 42, 1, 53 pr.; cf. contumax, I. B.—

Transf., of animals:

contumacia pervicax boum,

Col. 6, 2, 11.—Of inanim. things:

arborum (with fastidium),

obstinacy in growth, Plin. 16, 32, 58, § 134.

con-vĕnĭo, vēni, ventum, 4 ( fut. convenibo, Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 18), v. n. and a.

To come together, meet together, assemble (class. and freq.).

In gen.:

milites, qui ex provinciā convenerant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 8:

omnes... eo convenerant,

id. ib. 3, 16:

totius fere Galliae legati ad Caesarem gratulatum convenerunt,

id. ib. 1, 30:

quanto multitudo hominum ad hoc judicium,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 11:

amici privatique hospites ad eum defendendum convenerunt,

Nep. Timoth. 4, 2:

ad clamorem hominum,

Caes. B. G. 4, 37:

ad delectationem,

Quint. 3, 4, 6:

Pericles, cum haberet collegam Sophoclem, iique de communi officio convenissent,

id. Off. 1, 40, 144:

nunc ita convenimus, ut possemus dicere, etc.,

id. Phil. 3, 2, 5:

quoniam convenimus ambo,

Verg. E. 5, 1; id. A. 1, 361 al.—With the place to or at which, usu. designated by in and acc.:

mei capitis servandi causā Romam Italia tota convenit,

Cic. Pis. 15, 34; id. Div. 2, 23, 50:

unum in locum omnes,

Caes. B. G. 4, 19:

in coetus scholarum,

Quint. 2, 9, 2:

in consilium frequentes,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 29, § 71:

reguli in unum convenere,

Sall. J. 11, 2:

tribuni plebis non desistebant clam inter se convenire,

Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 12:

et ex proximis hibernis et a Caesare conventura subsidia,

Caes. B. G. 5, 28 fin.: convenientis manus dissipare, Auct. B. G. 8, 6.—Rarely with in and abl., or with advv. of place (mostly post-Aug.):

uno in loco omnes adversariorum copiae convenissent,

Cic. Div. 2, 24, 52 B. and K.; cf.: quanta illic multitudo convenisse dicebatur, id. Verr. 2, 2, 66, § 160 B. and K. (al. illuc):

in coloniā Agrippiensi in domum privatam conveniunt,

Tac. H. 4, 55.—

Transf., of inanim. and abstr. subjects:

munera multa huc ab amatoribus,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 44:

huc convenit utrumque bivium,

Plin. 6, 28, 32, § 144; cf.:

oppi dum in quo omnis negotiatio ejus (Arabiae) convenit,

id. 6, 28, 32, § 157:

cum multae causae convenisse unum in locum atque inter se congruere videntur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 62; so id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 4, 4.—

In partic.

Publicist. t. t. of civil communities which belong in jurisdiction to some chief city:

ex his civitatibus, quae in id forum convenirent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:

Carthaginem conveniunt populi LXV.,

Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 25; cf.:

ibi Aethiopicae convenere naves,

id. 5, 28, 29, § 105.—

Jurid. t. t.:

in manum, of a woman who in marriage (by usus, confarreatio, or coëmptio, q. v.) comes into the hands (manus) of her husband,

Cic. Fl. 34, 84; id. Top. 3, 14; Quint. 5, 10, 62; Gai Inst. 3, 84:

viro in manum,

Cic. Top. 4, 23:

in manum flaminis,

Tac. A. 4, 16 et saep.—

In the same sense: in matrimonium alicujus,

Dig. 45, 1, 121, § 1:

in matrimonium cum viro,

to marry, Gell. 18, 6, 8; or, in nuptias, Cod. Th. 3, 7, 11.—

Act., to go to one to speak to him, make a request of him, etc., to address, accost, meet, visit:

haut multos homines nunc videre et convenire quam te mavellem,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 16; id. Pers. 5, 2, 74 al.; Ter. And. 1, 3, 22:

(Helvetii) cum eum (sc. Caesarem) in itinere convenissent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 27:

adversarios ejus,

Nep. Dion, 8, 3:

illum Atilium,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 18, 50:

neminem conveni—convenio autem cottidie plurimos—quin omnes, etc.,

id. Fam. 9, 14, 1:

Bruti pueri Laodiceae me convenerunt,

id. ib. 3, 7, 1.— Pass.:

Balbus tantis pedum doloribus afficitur, ut se conveniri nolit,

Cic. Fam. 6, 19, 2:

nec eum (Lentulum) a minore Balbo conventum,

id. Att. 9, 6, 1:

quod conveniundi patris me tempus capere jubebat,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 9; Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; Nep. Dion, 9, 3 al. — Absol.:

aditum petentibus conveniendi non dabat,

Nep. Paus. 3, 3.—

Jurid. t. t., to meet one judicially, to sue, bring an action against, summon before a tribunal:

ut heredes ex stipulatu conveniri possint,

Dig. 10, 2, 20; 50, 1, 17:

de peculio,

Paul. Sent. 2, 31:

pro parte dimidiā,

Dig. 17, 1, 59 et saep.—Also with abstr. objects:

dolum aut culpam eorum,

Dig. 26, 7, 38:

nomen,

ib. 42, 1, 15.

Pregn.

To come together, to unite, join, combine, couple (cf. coëo, II.).

Lit., so mostly of the coition of animals, Lucr. 2, 922; Plin. 11, 24, 29, § 85; App. M. 6, p. 177, 38 al.—Of the union of atoms:

Tandem conveniant ea (primordia) quae convecta repente Magnarum rerum fiunt exordia,

Lucr. 5, 429.—

Trop.

With personal subject, to agree with in wishes, decisions, etc., to accord, harmonize (rare;

late Lat.),

Hyg. Astr. 2, 4; Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 29; Paul. Sent. 1, 1, § 5 (but in Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, the v. 130 is spurious; v. Ritschl, prol. ad Trin. p. 131).—Far more freq.,

Res convenit or impers. convenit, it is agreed upon, or there is unanimity in respect to something, the matter is decided.

Res convenit, constr. alicui cum aliquo, inter aliquos, or absol.:

cum his mihi nec locus nec sermo convenit,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 10:

haec fratri mecum non conveniunt neque placent,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 34:

de dote mecum conveniri nil potest,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 168:

hoc mihi cum tuo fratre convenit,

Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 87; Liv. 2, 39, 8; Quint. 3, 6, 91:

pax, quae cum T. Quinctio convenisset,

Liv. 34, 43, 2; cf.:

pax convenit,

Sall. J. 38 fin.; Liv. 1, 3, 5; 30, 43, 8:

in eas condiciones cum pax conveniret,

id. 29, 12, 14 al.; and:

cum imperatoribus Romanis pacem conventam fuisse,

Sall. J. 112, 2:

ratio accepti atque expensi inter nos,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 146:

eo signo quod convenerat revocantur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 28:

quod tempus inter eos committendi proelii convenerat,

id. B. G. 2, 19:

neminem voluerunt majores nostri esse judicem, nisi qui inter adversarios convenisset,

Cic. Clu. 43, 120; so,

judex inter eos,

Val. Max. 2, 8, 2:

posse rem convenire... si posset inter eos aliquid convenire,

Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53:

dum rem conventuram putamus,

id. Att. 9, 6, 2:

si in eo manerent, quod convenisset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 36: [p. 463] in colloquium convenit;

condiciones non convenerunt,

Nep. Hann. 6, 2; cf. Liv. 30, 40, 14; 38, 11, 1 al.:

postquam ardentia vidit castra magister equitum (id convenerat signum),

id. 9, 23, 15:

signum,

Suet. Oth. 6:

omnia conventura,

Sall. J. 83, 2.— Pass.:

pacem conventam frustra fuisse,

Sall. J. 112, 2:

quibus conventis,

Liv. 30, 43, 7.—

Convenit, constr. alicui cum aliquo, inter aliquos, with ut, the acc. and inf., with de and abl., or absol.:

mihi cum Deiotaro convenit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 14:

idne agebas, ut tibi cum sceleratis, an ut cum bonis civibus conveniret?

id. Lig. 6, 18:

quicum optime convenisset,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 147:

nunc ita convenit inter me atque hunc, ut, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 2. 3, 19:

non modo inter Patres, sed ne inter consules quidem ipsos satis conveniebat,

Liv. 2, 23, 14:

conveniat mihi tecum necesse est, ipsum fecisse, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; Sen. Ben. 7, 4, 5; id. Brev. Vit. 7, 3:

inter omnis vero convenit, Sibyllam ad Tarquinium Superbum tris libros attulisse,

Plin. 13, 13, 27, § 88; cf. Suet. Vesp. 25: convenit, jam inde per consules reliqua belli perfecta, it is generally asserted, homologeitai, Liv. 9, 16, 1; cf. Suet. Claud. 44 et saep.:

cum de facto convenit, et quaeritur, etc.,

Cic. Inv. 1, 8, 11; id. Fin. 4, 26, 72:

de duobus minus convenit,

Liv. 2, 33, 2; Quint. 1, 4, 17; Col. 2, 9 init.; Sen. Clem. 2, 7, 4; Gell. 2, 22, 2:

quamquam de hoc parum convenit,

Quint. 5, 10, 2:

quaedam sunt, de quibus inter omnes convenit,

id. 2, 12, 2; 4, 5, 28; Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 9; Liv. 42, 25, 11; Sen. Q. N. 2, 12, 2; Plin. Pan. 29, 5:

ubi de pace non convenit, signa cecinere,

Flor. 2, 6, 59 al.:

convenit, victi utri sint eo proelio, Urbem, agrum, etc.... seque uti dederent,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 70:

convenerat, ne interloquereris,

Sen. Clem. 1, 9, 9; cf.:

quibus consulibus interierit non convenit,

Nep. Hann. 13, 1:

pacto convenit, etc.,

Liv. 24, 6, 7; Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 80:

omnis exercitus, uti convenerat. Numidiā deductus, etc.,

Sall. J. 39, 4:

Patres igitur jurati (ita enim convenerat),

Liv. 30, 40, 12:

pro argento si aurum dare mallent, darent convenit,

id. 38, 11, 8.—

To fit with, in, or to something, to suit, be adapted to.

Lit. (rare):

quae (cupa) inter orbes conveniat... quae (fistula) in columellam conveniat,

Cato, R. R. 21, 1:

conveniebatne in vaginam tuam machaera militis?

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 85:

si cothurni laus illa esset, ad pedem apte convenire,

Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 46.—More freq.,

Transf.: res convenit, or impers. convenit, the thing (or it) is fit, becoming, seemly, suitable, appropriate, proper, serviceable for something, it becomes, = consentit, congruit.

Res convenit, constr. with in or ad aliquid, cum aliquā re, the dat., acc., acc. and inf., or absol.

In or ad aliquid:

ceterae vites in quemvis agrum conveniunt,

Cato, R. R. 6 fin.; cf. Varr. R. R. 1, 19, 1:

quid minus in hunc ordinem convenit? etc.,

Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 8:

convenire quae vitia in quemvis videntur potius, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 49, § 128; id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65:

hoc in te unum,

id. N. D. 2, 29, 74 Orell. N. cr. nullam contumeliam jacere potueris, quae non ad maximam partem civium conveniret, id. Sull. 7, 23.—

Cum aliquā re:

haec tua deliberatio non mihi convenire visa est cum oratione Largi,

Cic. Fam. 6, 8, 2; so id. Fin. 3, 22, 73 al.—

With dat.:

num videntur convenire haec nuptiis?

Ter. And. 2, 2, 29; so Cic. Prov. Cons. 17, 41; id. Fin. 3, 22, 74; Sall. J. 85, 40; Quint. 6, 3, 25; Suet. Galb. 14 et saep.—

With acc.:

itidem ut tempus anni, aetatem aliam aliud factum convenit,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 24 dub. (Lachm. ap. Lucr. p. 64, conj. condecet).—

With acc. and inf.:

hoc non convenit, me... agrum habere,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 55; so Prop. 2, 1, 41.—

With in and abl.:

nihil autem minus in perfecto duce quam festinationem... convenire arbitrabatur,

Suet. Aug. 25.—

Absol.: hanc mi expetivi, contigit;

conveniunt mores, etc.,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 13:

nomen non convenit,

id. ib. 5, 4, 39; id. Phorm. 1, 2, 3 (cf. impers.: rationes conferatis; adsidunt;

subducunt: ad nummum convenit,

Cic. Att. 5, 21, 12):

non bene conveniunt, nec in unā sede morantur Majestas et amor,

Ov. M. 2, 846:

medius ille orationis modus maxime convenit,

Quint. 6, 2, 19 et saep.—

Convenit, impers., constr. with a clause as subject (so esp. freq. in Lucr. and the elder Pliny).

Haud convenit, unā ire cum amicā imperatorem in viā, Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 41:

convenit illud in his rebus obsignatum habere, Lucr 2, 582: per se sibi vivere,

id. 3, 685:

dicere causas leti,

id. 6, 708 et saep.:

quo maxime contendi conveniat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 85, 2:

convenit Evandri victos discedere ad urbem,

Verg. A. 12, 184; so Hor. A. P. 226; Vell. 1, 3, 2; Quint. 7, 3, 9; Plin. 18, 13, 33, § 126; cf. id. 33, 1, 5, § 15 Sillig.—

With ut:

quī enim convenit, ut? etc.,

Cic. Phil. 7, 2, 4 (al. evenit):

si tibi curae Quantae conveniat Munatius,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 31; cf. Quint. 8, 6, 63. —To express assent:

convenit,

well, it is agreed, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 54.—Hence,

convĕnĭens, entis, P. a.

(Acc. to II. A. 2.) Agreeing, consistent, accordant, harmonious (syn.:

consentiens, concors, congruens): bene convenientes propinqui,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 58; cf.:

convenientes optime propinqui cognatique,

id. Rosc. Am. 34, 96; Suet. Tib. 7:

recta et convenientia et constantia natura desiderat,

Cic. Off. 3, 8, 35:

conveniens et conjuncta constantia inter augures,

id. Div. 2, 39, 82:

motus,

Lucr. 1, 1029; cf.:

inter se motus,

id. 2, 941.—More frequently,

(Acc. to II. B. 2.) Fitting to something, appropriate to, meet, fit, suitable, = congruens; constr. with cum, the dat., ad aliquid, inter se, in and acc. or abl., or absol.

With cum (rare): motus oris conveniens cum ipsius verbi demonstratione, Nigid. ap. Gell. 10, 4, 4:

dies conveniens cum populi vultu,

Ov. P. 2, 1, 28.—

With dat. (very freq.):

nihil in hac praeclarā epistulā scriptum ab Epicuro congruens et conveniens decretis ejus reperietis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 31, 99; Quint. 3, 11, 20; 6, 3, 102 al.; Suet. Tib. 50; Hor. A. P. 316; Ov. P. 3, 9, 36 et saep.:

aut sibi convenientia finge,

Hor. A. P. 119; cf. Quint. 11, 1, 11:

bono civi convenientissimum credidi amplecti, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 1:

disciplina convenientissima,

Vell. 1, 6, 3.—

Ad aliquid (rare):

nihil est tam conveniens ad res vel secundas vel adversas,

Cic. Lael. 5, 17:

sonus ad formam tauri,

Ov. Ib. 436.—

In aliquid (very rare):

forma in illam conveniens amplitudinem,

Vell. 2, 29, 2.—

In aliquā re:

gratulatio conveniens in eā victoriā,

Liv. 45, 19, 3.—

Inter se (rare):

in vitā omnia sint apta inter se et convenientia,

Cic. Off. 1, 40, 144:

inter se motus,

Lucr. 2, 941.—

Absol. (rare):

quod sit aptum atque conveniens,

Quint. 5, 10, 123:

toga,

fitting, fitting close, Ov. A. A. 1, 514:

nihil convenientius ducens, quam, etc.,

Suet. Aug. 10.—

Conveniens est = convenit, consentaneum est, it is fit, proper, becoming, suitable (post-Aug. and rare; cf.

congruens): convenientius est dici,

Plin. 34, 7, 16, § 35.— Sup., Plin. Pan. 87, 1; id. Ep. 10, 3 (20), 2.— Adv.: convĕnĭen-ter, fitly, suitably, conformably, consistently (syn.. congruenter, constanter; class.;

most freq. in Cic.): convenienter cum naturā vivere (with congruere),

Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 82:

convenienter naturae vivere (with congruenter),

id. Fin. 3, 7, 26; cf. id. Off. 3, 3, 13 al.; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 12:

convenienter sibi dicere (with constanter),

Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Ov. A. A. 3, 546:

convenienter ad praesentem fortunae statum loqui,

Liv. 23, 5, 4.— Sup., Aug. Civ. Dei, 18, 44.—

con-ventum, i, n. (acc. to II. A. 2.), an agreement, compact, covenant, convention, accord (in good prose):

facere promissa, stare conventis, reddere deposita,

Cic. Off. 3, 25, 95; 1, 10, 32; id. Part. Or. 37, 130; Liv. 29, 24, 3; Sil. 1, 10 al.—As a jurid. expression, very freq. in the connection pactum conventum (for which the MSS. sometimes, perh. through interpolation, give pactum et conventum), Cic. Part. Or. 37, 130; id. de Or. 2, 24, 100; id. Caecin. 18, 51; id. Att. 6, 3, 1; Juv. 6, 25; v. pactum.

cornū, ūs (so Caes. B. C. 3, 68 Dint.; Luc. 7, 217; Plin. 28, 11, 46, § 163 et saep.; Curt. 4, 12, 11 al.; ū in the connection cornu bubuli and cornu cervini; also Cael. Aur. Tard. 3, 5, 76; Veg. Art. Vet. 1, 20, 1 al.; cf. esp. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 355), n. (access. form cornum, i, n., Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 14; Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 5 Fleck.; Lucr. 2, 388; Ov. M. 2, 874; Scrib. Comp. 141; Gell. 14, 6, 2 al.; gen. plur. cornorum, Scrib. Comp. 60. —An access. form cornus, ūs, has been assumed on account of the rel. masc. in the passage:

nares similes cornibus iis, qui, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149, if the reading is correct.—The dat. sing. apparently never used;

for in the connection: laevo cornu Cotys rex praeerat... dextro cornu praepositus C. Licinius Crassus,

Liv. 42, 58, 6 and 7, the supposition of the abl. is more in acc. with the usage of Livy; cf.:

Antipatrum in laevo praeposuit,

id. 37, 41, 1 et saep.) [kindred with keras, and Germ. and Engl. horn; cf. also carina, cervus], a horn.

Lit., a hard and generally crooked growth upon the head of many mammiferous animals (very freq. in all periods and species of composition), Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123 sq.; Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 121;

of a bullock,

Lucr. 5, 1033; 5, 1324; Cat. 64, 111; Ov. M. 9, 186; Hor. C. 3, 27, 72; id. S. 1, 5, 58 et saep.;

also of the constellation Taurus,

Ov. M. 2, 80;

of the ram,

id. ib. 5, 328; and the constellation Aries, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 43, 111;

of the he-goat,

Verg. E. 9, 25;

of kids,

id. G. 2, 526 al. —Of the antlers of a stag, Ov. M. 3, 194; 10, 111; Verg. A. 10, 725 al.: Cornu Copiae (less correctly, but freq. in late Lat., as one word, Cornūcōpĭae, and twice Cornūcōpĭa, ae, f., Amm. 22, 9, 1; 25, 2, 3), acc. to the fable, the horn of the goat Amalthea placed in heaven, Greek Keras Amaltheias (v. Amalthea), the emblem of fruitfulness and abundance, Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 5; Gell. 14, 6, 2; cf. Hor. C. 1, 17, 16; id. C. S. 60; id. Ep. 1, 12, 29; Ov. M. 9, 88.—

Meton., of things similar to horn in substance or form, or made of horn.

That which is similar to horn in substance.

A hoof, Cato, R. R. 72; Verg. G. 3, 88; Sil. 13, 327.—

Of the bills of birds, Ov. M. 14, 502.—

The horny skin covering the eye, Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 148.—

A horny excrescence on the head, a wart, Hor. S. 1, 5, 58.— Far more freq.,

That which is similar to a horn in form, a projecting extremity, the point or end of any object.

The tooth or tusk of an elephant, ivory, Varr. L. L. 7, § 39 Müll.; Plin. 8, 3, 4, § 7; 18, 1, 1, § 2:

cornu Indicum,

Mart. 1, 73, 4.—

The horns of the moon, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 122, 2; Verg. G. 1, 433; Ov. M. 1, 11; 2, 117 et saep.—

The branches of a river, Ov. M. 9, 774.—Hence, the river-gods were represented with horns, Verg. G. 4, 371; Mart. 10, 7 et saep.; cf.: corniger, tauriformis, etc., and v. Lidd. and Scott under keras, V.—

The arm of the shore forming a harbor, a tongue of land, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 14, 1; Ov. M. 5, 410; Plin. 4, 21, 35, § 113.—

The extremity or end of the sailyards, Verg. A. 3, 549; 5, 832; Ov. M. 11, 476; Hor. Epod. 16, 59; Sil. 14. 389.—

The cone of a helmet in which the crest was placed:

cornua cristae,

Verg. A. 12, 89:

alterum cornu galeae,

Liv. 27, 33, 2.—

The end of the stick around which books were rolled, usually ornamented with ivory, Tib. 3, 1, 13; Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 8; Mart. 11, 107. —

The side of a bow in the form of a horn, Ov. M. 1, 455; 5, 56; 2, 603.—

The horn-shaped side of the cithara (perh. the sounding-board), Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149 fin. —

The top or summit of a mountain:

cornua Parnasi,

Stat. Th. 5, 532; Curt. 3, 4, 4. —

The point, end, extremity, wing of a place, Liv. 25, 3, 17; Tac. A. 1, 75; Plin. 34, 6, 12, § 26 al.—

The wing of an army (very freq.), Caes. B. G. 1, 52 (three times); 2, 23; 2, 25; 7, 62 (twice); Liv. 9, 40, 3 sq(seven times).—

Transf.:

cornua disputationis tuae commovere,

i. e. to drive back, Cic. Div. 2, 10, 26 (v. the passage in connection).—

The feeler or claw of an insect, Plin. 9, 30, 50, § 95; 9, 31, 51, § 99 al. —

The stiff hair of the Germans:

quis stupuit Germani lumina, flavam Caesariem et madido torquentem cornua cirro?

Juv. 13, 165.—

Of objects made of horn.

A bow, Verg. E. 10, 59; Ov. M. 5, 383; Sil. 2, 109 al.—

A bugle-horn, a horn, trumpet (cornua, quod ea, quae nunc sunt ex aere, tunc fiebant bubulo e cornu, Varr. L. L. 5, § 117 Müll.), Lucil. ap. Non. p. 265, 5; Lucr. 2, 620; Verg. A. 7, 615; Ov. M. 1, 98; 3, 533; Hor. C. 1, 18, 14; 2, 1, 17; Juv. 2, 90; 6, 315.—Connected with tubae, Cic. Sull. 5, 17; Tac. A. 1, 68; 2, 81, cf. Dict. of Antiq., s. v. cornu.—In a sarcastic double sense with a.: dum tendit citharam noster, dum cornua Parthus, Poët. ap. Suet. Ner. 39 (v. the passage in connection).—

The sides of the lyre, originally consisting of two horns, giving resonance to the strings, Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; 2, 59, 149.—

A lantern, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 185; cf. Lucr 2, 388; and Plin. 11, 16, 16, § 49.—

An oil cruet, Hor S. 2, 2, 61.—

A funnel, Verg. G. 3, 509; Col. 6, 2, 7 al.—

Trop., as an emblem of power, courage, strength, might (the figure taken from bullocks. Also in Heb. a very freq. metaph.; cf. Gesen. Lex. s. v., p. 906, 6; poet.):

ne in re secundā nunc mi obvortat cornua,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 5:

venerunt capiti cornua sera meo,

Ov. Am. 3, 11,:

tunc pauper cornua sumit,

gains strength, courage, id. A. A. 1, 239; cf.

. tu (sc. amphora) addis cornua pauperi, etc.,

Hor. C. 3, 21, 18.—Hence Bacchus, as a giver of courage, is represented with horns, Tib. 2, 1, 3; Hor. C. 2, 19, 30; v. Bacchus, I.; cf. of a river-god, I. B. 2. c. supra.

cornū, ūs (so Caes. B. C. 3, 68 Dint.; Luc. 7, 217; Plin. 28, 11, 46, § 163 et saep.; Curt. 4, 12, 11 al.; ū in the connection cornu bubuli and cornu cervini; also Cael. Aur. Tard. 3, 5, 76; Veg. Art. Vet. 1, 20, 1 al.; cf. esp. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 355), n. (access. form cornum, i, n., Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 14; Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 5 Fleck.; Lucr. 2, 388; Ov. M. 2, 874; Scrib. Comp. 141; Gell. 14, 6, 2 al.; gen. plur. cornorum, Scrib. Comp. 60. —An access. form cornus, ūs, has been assumed on account of the rel. masc. in the passage:

nares similes cornibus iis, qui, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149, if the reading is correct.—The dat. sing. apparently never used;

for in the connection: laevo cornu Cotys rex praeerat... dextro cornu praepositus C. Licinius Crassus,

Liv. 42, 58, 6 and 7, the supposition of the abl. is more in acc. with the usage of Livy; cf.:

Antipatrum in laevo praeposuit,

id. 37, 41, 1 et saep.) [kindred with keras, and Germ. and Engl. horn; cf. also carina, cervus], a horn.

Lit., a hard and generally crooked growth upon the head of many mammiferous animals (very freq. in all periods and species of composition), Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123 sq.; Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 121;

of a bullock,

Lucr. 5, 1033; 5, 1324; Cat. 64, 111; Ov. M. 9, 186; Hor. C. 3, 27, 72; id. S. 1, 5, 58 et saep.;

also of the constellation Taurus,

Ov. M. 2, 80;

of the ram,

id. ib. 5, 328; and the constellation Aries, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 43, 111;

of the he-goat,

Verg. E. 9, 25;

of kids,

id. G. 2, 526 al. —Of the antlers of a stag, Ov. M. 3, 194; 10, 111; Verg. A. 10, 725 al.: Cornu Copiae (less correctly, but freq. in late Lat., as one word, Cornūcōpĭae, and twice Cornūcōpĭa, ae, f., Amm. 22, 9, 1; 25, 2, 3), acc. to the fable, the horn of the goat Amalthea placed in heaven, Greek Keras Amaltheias (v. Amalthea), the emblem of fruitfulness and abundance, Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 5; Gell. 14, 6, 2; cf. Hor. C. 1, 17, 16; id. C. S. 60; id. Ep. 1, 12, 29; Ov. M. 9, 88.—

Meton., of things similar to horn in substance or form, or made of horn.

That which is similar to horn in substance.

A hoof, Cato, R. R. 72; Verg. G. 3, 88; Sil. 13, 327.—

Of the bills of birds, Ov. M. 14, 502.—

The horny skin covering the eye, Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 148.—

A horny excrescence on the head, a wart, Hor. S. 1, 5, 58.— Far more freq.,

That which is similar to a horn in form, a projecting extremity, the point or end of any object.

The tooth or tusk of an elephant, ivory, Varr. L. L. 7, § 39 Müll.; Plin. 8, 3, 4, § 7; 18, 1, 1, § 2:

cornu Indicum,

Mart. 1, 73, 4.—

The horns of the moon, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 122, 2; Verg. G. 1, 433; Ov. M. 1, 11; 2, 117 et saep.—

The branches of a river, Ov. M. 9, 774.—Hence, the river-gods were represented with horns, Verg. G. 4, 371; Mart. 10, 7 et saep.; cf.: corniger, tauriformis, etc., and v. Lidd. and Scott under keras, V.—

The arm of the shore forming a harbor, a tongue of land, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 14, 1; Ov. M. 5, 410; Plin. 4, 21, 35, § 113.—

The extremity or end of the sailyards, Verg. A. 3, 549; 5, 832; Ov. M. 11, 476; Hor. Epod. 16, 59; Sil. 14. 389.—

The cone of a helmet in which the crest was placed:

cornua cristae,

Verg. A. 12, 89:

alterum cornu galeae,

Liv. 27, 33, 2.—

The end of the stick around which books were rolled, usually ornamented with ivory, Tib. 3, 1, 13; Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 8; Mart. 11, 107. —

The side of a bow in the form of a horn, Ov. M. 1, 455; 5, 56; 2, 603.—

The horn-shaped side of the cithara (perh. the sounding-board), Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149 fin. —

The top or summit of a mountain:

cornua Parnasi,

Stat. Th. 5, 532; Curt. 3, 4, 4. —

The point, end, extremity, wing of a place, Liv. 25, 3, 17; Tac. A. 1, 75; Plin. 34, 6, 12, § 26 al.—

The wing of an army (very freq.), Caes. B. G. 1, 52 (three times); 2, 23; 2, 25; 7, 62 (twice); Liv. 9, 40, 3 sq(seven times).—

Transf.:

cornua disputationis tuae commovere,

i. e. to drive back, Cic. Div. 2, 10, 26 (v. the passage in connection).—

The feeler or claw of an insect, Plin. 9, 30, 50, § 95; 9, 31, 51, § 99 al. —

The stiff hair of the Germans:

quis stupuit Germani lumina, flavam Caesariem et madido torquentem cornua cirro?

Juv. 13, 165.—

Of objects made of horn.

A bow, Verg. E. 10, 59; Ov. M. 5, 383; Sil. 2, 109 al.—

A bugle-horn, a horn, trumpet (cornua, quod ea, quae nunc sunt ex aere, tunc fiebant bubulo e cornu, Varr. L. L. 5, § 117 Müll.), Lucil. ap. Non. p. 265, 5; Lucr. 2, 620; Verg. A. 7, 615; Ov. M. 1, 98; 3, 533; Hor. C. 1, 18, 14; 2, 1, 17; Juv. 2, 90; 6, 315.—Connected with tubae, Cic. Sull. 5, 17; Tac. A. 1, 68; 2, 81, cf. Dict. of Antiq., s. v. cornu.—In a sarcastic double sense with a.: dum tendit citharam noster, dum cornua Parthus, Poët. ap. Suet. Ner. 39 (v. the passage in connection).—

The sides of the lyre, originally consisting of two horns, giving resonance to the strings, Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; 2, 59, 149.—

A lantern, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 185; cf. Lucr 2, 388; and Plin. 11, 16, 16, § 49.—

An oil cruet, Hor S. 2, 2, 61.—

A funnel, Verg. G. 3, 509; Col. 6, 2, 7 al.—

Trop., as an emblem of power, courage, strength, might (the figure taken from bullocks. Also in Heb. a very freq. metaph.; cf. Gesen. Lex. s. v., p. 906, 6; poet.):

ne in re secundā nunc mi obvortat cornua,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 5:

venerunt capiti cornua sera meo,

Ov. Am. 3, 11,:

tunc pauper cornua sumit,

gains strength, courage, id. A. A. 1, 239; cf.

. tu (sc. amphora) addis cornua pauperi, etc.,

Hor. C. 3, 21, 18.—Hence Bacchus, as a giver of courage, is represented with horns, Tib. 2, 1, 3; Hor. C. 2, 19, 30; v. Bacchus, I.; cf. of a river-god, I. B. 2. c. supra.

dī-rĭgo or dērĭgo (the latter form preferred by Roby, L. G. 2, p. 387; cf. Rib. Proleg. ad Verg. p. 401 sq.; so Liv. 21, 19, 1; 21, 47, 8; 22, 28 Weissenb.; id. 22, 47, 2 Drak.; Lach. ad Lucr. 4, 609; Tac. A. 6, 40 Ritter; acc. to Brambach, s. v., the two forms are different words, de-rigo meaning to give a particular direction to; di-rigo, to arrange in distinct lines, set or move different ways; cf. describo and discribo. But the distinction is not observed in the MSS. and edd. generally), rexi, rectum, 3 ( perf. sync. direxti, Verg. A. 6, 57), v. a. [dis-rego], to lay straight, set in a straight line, to arrange, draw up (class.; cf.: guberno, collineo, teneo).

Lit.

In gen.:

coronam si diviseris, arcus erit: si direxeris, virga,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 10:

haec directa materia injecta consternebantur,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 8:

crates,

id. B. C. 3, 46, 5:

naves ante portum,

Liv. 37, 31; cf.:

naves in pugnam,

id. 22, 19:

vicos,

i. e. to build regularly, id. 5, 55; cf.

castella,

Flor. 4, 12, 26:

molem recta fronte,

Curt. 4, 3 et saep.:

regiones lituo,

i. e. to lay out, bound, Cic. Div. 1, 17; cf.:

finem alicui veterem viam regiam,

Liv. 39, 27.—Esp. freq.:

aciem,

to draw up the troops in battle array, Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 5; Liv. 21, 47 fin.; 34, 28; Front. Strat. 1, 12, 3; 2, 1, 4 et saep.; cf.

frontem,

Quint. 2, 13, 3; 5, 13, 11:

membrana plumbo derecta,

ruled with a lead-pencil, Cat. 22, 7.—

Perh. i. q., to split, cleave in twain:

elephantum machaeră dirigit,

Plaut. Curc. 3, 54 (dub.); cf.: dirigere apud Plautum invenitur pro discidere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69, 15 Müll.—

In partic., with respect to the terminus, to send in a straight line, to direct to a place (so most freq.):

ex vestigio vela ad castra Corneliana,

Caes. B. C. 2, 25, 6:

aciem ad te,

Cat. 63, 56:

cursum ad litora,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25, 4: iter ad Mutinam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 112 et saep.—Afterwards more freq. with in:

equum in consulem,

Liv. 2, 6:

currum in hostem,

Ov. M. 12, 78:

tela manusque in corpus Aeacidae,

Verg. A. 6, 57; Front. Strat. 3, 3, 4:

hastam in te,

Ov. M. 8, 66; cf.:

dentes in inguina,

id. ib. 8, 400:

cursum in Africam,

Vell. 2, 19 fin.:

cursum per auras in lucos,

Verg. A. 6, 195 et saep.:

navem eo,

Nep. Chabr. 4, 2:

gressum huc,

Verg. A. 5, 162; 11, 855 et saep.; and poet. with the dat.:

Ilo hastam,

Verg. A. 10, 401 et saep.—Without designating the limit:

ab iisdem (Etesiis) maritimi cursus (i. e. navium) celeres et certi diriguntur,

to be directed, steered, Cic. N. D. 2, 53:

iter navis,

Ov. F. 1, 4:

cursum,

Front. Strat. 3, 13, 6; esp. freq. of weapons, to aim, direct:

spicula,

Verg. A. 7, 497; Ov. M. 12, 606:

hastile,

Verg. A. 12, 490:

tela,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 18:

sagittas,

Suet. Dom. 19 et saep.— Poet.:

vulnera,

Verg. A. 10, 140; Sil. 2, 92 Drak.; Tac. H. 2, 35; cf.:

vulnera alicui,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 160.

Trop.

In gen., to set in order, arrange (very rare):

materias divisione dirigere,

Quint. 2, 6, 1.—Far more freq. (esp. in Cic. and Quint.),

In partic.: aliquid ad or in aliquid; also: aliqua re, to direct, guide, arrange a thing either to something (as its aim, scope) or according to something (as its rule or pattern).

With ad: meas cogitationes sic dirigo, non ad illam parvulam Cynosuram sed, etc., Ac. 2, 20, 66; cf.:

orationem ad exempla,

id. Rep. 2, 31 fin.; Quint. 10, 2, 1:

judicium ad ea,

id. 6, 5, 2:

se ad id quod, etc.,

id. 12, 3, 8; cf.:

se ad ea effingenda,

id. 10, 1, 127:

praecipua rerum ad famam,

Tac. A. 4, 40 et saep.—In a different sense (viz., with ad equiv. to secundum, v. ad):

in verbis et eligendis et collocandis nihil non ad rationem,

Cic. Brut. 37, 140:

vitam ad certam rationis normam,

to conform, id. Mur. 2:

leges hominum ad naturam,

id. Leg. 2, 5 fin.; id. Or. 2 fin. et saep.—

With in (not so in Cic.):

tota mente (intentionem) in opus ipsum,

Quint. 10, 3, 28:

communes locos in vitia,

id. 2, 1, 11; Front. Strat. 3, 2, 2 et saep.—

With abl. (only in Cic.):

quos (fines) utilitate aut voluptate dirigunt,

Cic. Fin. 5, 20 fin.:

omnia voluptate,

id. ib. 2, 22, 71:

utilitatem honestate,

id. Off. 3, 21, 83:

haec normā,

id. de Or. 3, 49, 190.—

Without an object:

(divinatio) ad veritatem saepissime dirigit,

Cic. Div. 1, 14 fin. —

With acc. only: epistolam (sc. ad aliquem), to write, Capit. Clod. Alb. 2.—

With adversus, Quint. 5, 7, 6.—Hence, dīrectus ( dērectus), a, um, P. a., made straight, straight, direct, whether horizontally or perpendicularly; straight, level; upright, steep.

Lit.:

auditus flexuosum iter habet, ne quid intrare possit, si simplex et directum pateret,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; cf.

aes (tubae), opp. flexum,

Ov. M. 1, 98:

iter,

Caes. B. C. 3, 79, 2: latera, id. B. G. 7, 72, 1; cf.

trabes,

id. ib. 7, 23, 1:

ordo (olearum),

Cic. Caecin. 8, 22:

arcus (opp. obliquus),

Ov. M. 2, 129:

paries,

i. e. that cuts another at right angles, Cic. Top. 4: ut directiores ictus flant, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 2:

praeruptus locus utraque ex parte directus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 4; cf. id. ib. 2, 24, 3:

(Henna) ab omni aditu circumcisa atque directa,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48 Zumpt N. cr.:

cornu,

Caes. B. G. 6, 26.— Subst.: dī-rectum, i, n., a straight line:

in directo pedum VIII. esse, in anfracto XVI.,

in a straight line, Varr. L. L. 7, § 15 Müll.; so,

altitudo (montis) per directum IV. M. pass.,

Plin. 5, 22, 18, § 80; cf. id. 3, 5, 9, § 66 al.:

cadere in directum moderate (with exire per devexum),

Sen. Q. N. 6, 20; Vulg. Ezech. 47, 20 al.—

Trop., straightforward, unceremonious, open, simple, direct:

o praeclaram beate vivendi et apertam et simplicem et directam viam,

Cic. Fin. 1, 18; cf.:

iter ad laudem,

id. Cael. 17, 41:

vera illa et directa ratio,

id. ib. 18:

tristis ac directus senex,

id. ib. 16, 38; cf.:

quid est in judicio? Directum, asperum, simplex, SI PARET HS ICCC DARI,

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:

percunctatio et denuntiatio belli,

Liv. 21, 19; cf.

contiones,

Just. 38, 3 fin. (v. obliquus):

verba,

Cod. Just. 6, 23, 15:

actio,

Dig. 3, 5, 46; 9, 4, 26 et saep.; cf.

institutio (opp. precaria),

id. 29, 1, 19:

libertates (opp. fideicommissariae),

id. 29, 4, 12.— Adv.

dīrectē, directly, straight (very rare):

dicere,

Cic. Part. Or. 7, 24:

ire,

Vulg. Sap. 5, 22.—Far more freq.,

dīrectō, directly, straight:

deorsum ferri,

Cic. N. D. 1, 25:

transversas trabes,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9, 2:

ad fidem spectare,

Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46; so id. Div. 2, 61 fin. (opp. anfractus and circuitio); Liv. 1, 11 fin.; Sen. Ep. 66; Dig. 9, 4, 26 al. —

dīrectā:

quo magis ursimus alte directā,

press deep down perpendicularly, Lucr. 2, 198.—

dīrectim, straightway, directly (post-class.), App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 34; Macr. S. 7, 12 fin.—Comp.:

directius gubernare,

Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66.— Sup. seems not to occur either in the adj. or in the adv.

dī-rĭgo or dērĭgo (the latter form preferred by Roby, L. G. 2, p. 387; cf. Rib. Proleg. ad Verg. p. 401 sq.; so Liv. 21, 19, 1; 21, 47, 8; 22, 28 Weissenb.; id. 22, 47, 2 Drak.; Lach. ad Lucr. 4, 609; Tac. A. 6, 40 Ritter; acc. to Brambach, s. v., the two forms are different words, de-rigo meaning to give a particular direction to; di-rigo, to arrange in distinct lines, set or move different ways; cf. describo and discribo. But the distinction is not observed in the MSS. and edd. generally), rexi, rectum, 3 ( perf. sync. direxti, Verg. A. 6, 57), v. a. [dis-rego], to lay straight, set in a straight line, to arrange, draw up (class.; cf.: guberno, collineo, teneo).

Lit.

In gen.:

coronam si diviseris, arcus erit: si direxeris, virga,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 10:

haec directa materia injecta consternebantur,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 8:

crates,

id. B. C. 3, 46, 5:

naves ante portum,

Liv. 37, 31; cf.:

naves in pugnam,

id. 22, 19:

vicos,

i. e. to build regularly, id. 5, 55; cf.

castella,

Flor. 4, 12, 26:

molem recta fronte,

Curt. 4, 3 et saep.:

regiones lituo,

i. e. to lay out, bound, Cic. Div. 1, 17; cf.:

finem alicui veterem viam regiam,

Liv. 39, 27.—Esp. freq.:

aciem,

to draw up the troops in battle array, Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 5; Liv. 21, 47 fin.; 34, 28; Front. Strat. 1, 12, 3; 2, 1, 4 et saep.; cf.

frontem,

Quint. 2, 13, 3; 5, 13, 11:

membrana plumbo derecta,

ruled with a lead-pencil, Cat. 22, 7.—

Perh. i. q., to split, cleave in twain:

elephantum machaeră dirigit,

Plaut. Curc. 3, 54 (dub.); cf.: dirigere apud Plautum invenitur pro discidere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69, 15 Müll.—

In partic., with respect to the terminus, to send in a straight line, to direct to a place (so most freq.):

ex vestigio vela ad castra Corneliana,

Caes. B. C. 2, 25, 6:

aciem ad te,

Cat. 63, 56:

cursum ad litora,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25, 4: iter ad Mutinam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 112 et saep.—Afterwards more freq. with in:

equum in consulem,

Liv. 2, 6:

currum in hostem,

Ov. M. 12, 78:

tela manusque in corpus Aeacidae,

Verg. A. 6, 57; Front. Strat. 3, 3, 4:

hastam in te,

Ov. M. 8, 66; cf.:

dentes in inguina,

id. ib. 8, 400:

cursum in Africam,

Vell. 2, 19 fin.:

cursum per auras in lucos,

Verg. A. 6, 195 et saep.:

navem eo,

Nep. Chabr. 4, 2:

gressum huc,

Verg. A. 5, 162; 11, 855 et saep.; and poet. with the dat.:

Ilo hastam,

Verg. A. 10, 401 et saep.—Without designating the limit:

ab iisdem (Etesiis) maritimi cursus (i. e. navium) celeres et certi diriguntur,

to be directed, steered, Cic. N. D. 2, 53:

iter navis,

Ov. F. 1, 4:

cursum,

Front. Strat. 3, 13, 6; esp. freq. of weapons, to aim, direct:

spicula,

Verg. A. 7, 497; Ov. M. 12, 606:

hastile,

Verg. A. 12, 490:

tela,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 18:

sagittas,

Suet. Dom. 19 et saep.— Poet.:

vulnera,

Verg. A. 10, 140; Sil. 2, 92 Drak.; Tac. H. 2, 35; cf.:

vulnera alicui,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 160.

Trop.

In gen., to set in order, arrange (very rare):

materias divisione dirigere,

Quint. 2, 6, 1.—Far more freq. (esp. in Cic. and Quint.),

In partic.: aliquid ad or in aliquid; also: aliqua re, to direct, guide, arrange a thing either to something (as its aim, scope) or according to something (as its rule or pattern).

With ad: meas cogitationes sic dirigo, non ad illam parvulam Cynosuram sed, etc., Ac. 2, 20, 66; cf.:

orationem ad exempla,

id. Rep. 2, 31 fin.; Quint. 10, 2, 1:

judicium ad ea,

id. 6, 5, 2:

se ad id quod, etc.,

id. 12, 3, 8; cf.:

se ad ea effingenda,

id. 10, 1, 127:

praecipua rerum ad famam,

Tac. A. 4, 40 et saep.—In a different sense (viz., with ad equiv. to secundum, v. ad):

in verbis et eligendis et collocandis nihil non ad rationem,

Cic. Brut. 37, 140:

vitam ad certam rationis normam,

to conform, id. Mur. 2:

leges hominum ad naturam,

id. Leg. 2, 5 fin.; id. Or. 2 fin. et saep.—

With in (not so in Cic.):

tota mente (intentionem) in opus ipsum,

Quint. 10, 3, 28:

communes locos in vitia,

id. 2, 1, 11; Front. Strat. 3, 2, 2 et saep.—

With abl. (only in Cic.):

quos (fines) utilitate aut voluptate dirigunt,

Cic. Fin. 5, 20 fin.:

omnia voluptate,

id. ib. 2, 22, 71:

utilitatem honestate,

id. Off. 3, 21, 83:

haec normā,

id. de Or. 3, 49, 190.—

Without an object:

(divinatio) ad veritatem saepissime dirigit,

Cic. Div. 1, 14 fin. —

With acc. only: epistolam (sc. ad aliquem), to write, Capit. Clod. Alb. 2.—

With adversus, Quint. 5, 7, 6.—Hence, dīrectus ( dērectus), a, um, P. a., made straight, straight, direct, whether horizontally or perpendicularly; straight, level; upright, steep.

Lit.:

auditus flexuosum iter habet, ne quid intrare possit, si simplex et directum pateret,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; cf.

aes (tubae), opp. flexum,

Ov. M. 1, 98:

iter,

Caes. B. C. 3, 79, 2: latera, id. B. G. 7, 72, 1; cf.

trabes,

id. ib. 7, 23, 1:

ordo (olearum),

Cic. Caecin. 8, 22:

arcus (opp. obliquus),

Ov. M. 2, 129:

paries,

i. e. that cuts another at right angles, Cic. Top. 4: ut directiores ictus flant, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 2:

praeruptus locus utraque ex parte directus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 4; cf. id. ib. 2, 24, 3:

(Henna) ab omni aditu circumcisa atque directa,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48 Zumpt N. cr.:

cornu,

Caes. B. G. 6, 26.— Subst.: dī-rectum, i, n., a straight line:

in directo pedum VIII. esse, in anfracto XVI.,

in a straight line, Varr. L. L. 7, § 15 Müll.; so,

altitudo (montis) per directum IV. M. pass.,

Plin. 5, 22, 18, § 80; cf. id. 3, 5, 9, § 66 al.:

cadere in directum moderate (with exire per devexum),

Sen. Q. N. 6, 20; Vulg. Ezech. 47, 20 al.—

Trop., straightforward, unceremonious, open, simple, direct:

o praeclaram beate vivendi et apertam et simplicem et directam viam,

Cic. Fin. 1, 18; cf.:

iter ad laudem,

id. Cael. 17, 41:

vera illa et directa ratio,

id. ib. 18:

tristis ac directus senex,

id. ib. 16, 38; cf.:

quid est in judicio? Directum, asperum, simplex, SI PARET HS ICCC DARI,

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:

percunctatio et denuntiatio belli,

Liv. 21, 19; cf.

contiones,

Just. 38, 3 fin. (v. obliquus):

verba,

Cod. Just. 6, 23, 15:

actio,

Dig. 3, 5, 46; 9, 4, 26 et saep.; cf.

institutio (opp. precaria),

id. 29, 1, 19:

libertates (opp. fideicommissariae),

id. 29, 4, 12.— Adv.

dīrectē, directly, straight (very rare):

dicere,

Cic. Part. Or. 7, 24:

ire,

Vulg. Sap. 5, 22.—Far more freq.,

dīrectō, directly, straight:

deorsum ferri,

Cic. N. D. 1, 25:

transversas trabes,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9, 2:

ad fidem spectare,

Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46; so id. Div. 2, 61 fin. (opp. anfractus and circuitio); Liv. 1, 11 fin.; Sen. Ep. 66; Dig. 9, 4, 26 al. —

dīrectā:

quo magis ursimus alte directā,

press deep down perpendicularly, Lucr. 2, 198.—

dīrectim, straightway, directly (post-class.), App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 34; Macr. S. 7, 12 fin.—Comp.:

directius gubernare,

Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66.— Sup. seems not to occur either in the adj. or in the adv.

dī-rĭgo or dērĭgo (the latter form preferred by Roby, L. G. 2, p. 387; cf. Rib. Proleg. ad Verg. p. 401 sq.; so Liv. 21, 19, 1; 21, 47, 8; 22, 28 Weissenb.; id. 22, 47, 2 Drak.; Lach. ad Lucr. 4, 609; Tac. A. 6, 40 Ritter; acc. to Brambach, s. v., the two forms are different words, de-rigo meaning to give a particular direction to; di-rigo, to arrange in distinct lines, set or move different ways; cf. describo and discribo. But the distinction is not observed in the MSS. and edd. generally), rexi, rectum, 3 ( perf. sync. direxti, Verg. A. 6, 57), v. a. [dis-rego], to lay straight, set in a straight line, to arrange, draw up (class.; cf.: guberno, collineo, teneo).

Lit.

In gen.:

coronam si diviseris, arcus erit: si direxeris, virga,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 10:

haec directa materia injecta consternebantur,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 8:

crates,

id. B. C. 3, 46, 5:

naves ante portum,

Liv. 37, 31; cf.:

naves in pugnam,

id. 22, 19:

vicos,

i. e. to build regularly, id. 5, 55; cf.

castella,

Flor. 4, 12, 26:

molem recta fronte,

Curt. 4, 3 et saep.:

regiones lituo,

i. e. to lay out, bound, Cic. Div. 1, 17; cf.:

finem alicui veterem viam regiam,

Liv. 39, 27.—Esp. freq.:

aciem,

to draw up the troops in battle array, Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 5; Liv. 21, 47 fin.; 34, 28; Front. Strat. 1, 12, 3; 2, 1, 4 et saep.; cf.

frontem,

Quint. 2, 13, 3; 5, 13, 11:

membrana plumbo derecta,

ruled with a lead-pencil, Cat. 22, 7.—

Perh. i. q., to split, cleave in twain:

elephantum machaeră dirigit,

Plaut. Curc. 3, 54 (dub.); cf.: dirigere apud Plautum invenitur pro discidere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69, 15 Müll.—

In partic., with respect to the terminus, to send in a straight line, to direct to a place (so most freq.):

ex vestigio vela ad castra Corneliana,

Caes. B. C. 2, 25, 6:

aciem ad te,

Cat. 63, 56:

cursum ad litora,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25, 4: iter ad Mutinam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 112 et saep.—Afterwards more freq. with in:

equum in consulem,

Liv. 2, 6:

currum in hostem,

Ov. M. 12, 78:

tela manusque in corpus Aeacidae,

Verg. A. 6, 57; Front. Strat. 3, 3, 4:

hastam in te,

Ov. M. 8, 66; cf.:

dentes in inguina,

id. ib. 8, 400:

cursum in Africam,

Vell. 2, 19 fin.:

cursum per auras in lucos,

Verg. A. 6, 195 et saep.:

navem eo,

Nep. Chabr. 4, 2:

gressum huc,

Verg. A. 5, 162; 11, 855 et saep.; and poet. with the dat.:

Ilo hastam,

Verg. A. 10, 401 et saep.—Without designating the limit:

ab iisdem (Etesiis) maritimi cursus (i. e. navium) celeres et certi diriguntur,

to be directed, steered, Cic. N. D. 2, 53:

iter navis,

Ov. F. 1, 4:

cursum,

Front. Strat. 3, 13, 6; esp. freq. of weapons, to aim, direct:

spicula,

Verg. A. 7, 497; Ov. M. 12, 606:

hastile,

Verg. A. 12, 490:

tela,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 18:

sagittas,

Suet. Dom. 19 et saep.— Poet.:

vulnera,

Verg. A. 10, 140; Sil. 2, 92 Drak.; Tac. H. 2, 35; cf.:

vulnera alicui,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 160.

Trop.

In gen., to set in order, arrange (very rare):

materias divisione dirigere,

Quint. 2, 6, 1.—Far more freq. (esp. in Cic. and Quint.),

In partic.: aliquid ad or in aliquid; also: aliqua re, to direct, guide, arrange a thing either to something (as its aim, scope) or according to something (as its rule or pattern).

With ad: meas cogitationes sic dirigo, non ad illam parvulam Cynosuram sed, etc., Ac. 2, 20, 66; cf.:

orationem ad exempla,

id. Rep. 2, 31 fin.; Quint. 10, 2, 1:

judicium ad ea,

id. 6, 5, 2:

se ad id quod, etc.,

id. 12, 3, 8; cf.:

se ad ea effingenda,

id. 10, 1, 127:

praecipua rerum ad famam,

Tac. A. 4, 40 et saep.—In a different sense (viz., with ad equiv. to secundum, v. ad):

in verbis et eligendis et collocandis nihil non ad rationem,

Cic. Brut. 37, 140:

vitam ad certam rationis normam,

to conform, id. Mur. 2:

leges hominum ad naturam,

id. Leg. 2, 5 fin.; id. Or. 2 fin. et saep.—

With in (not so in Cic.):

tota mente (intentionem) in opus ipsum,

Quint. 10, 3, 28:

communes locos in vitia,

id. 2, 1, 11; Front. Strat. 3, 2, 2 et saep.—

With abl. (only in Cic.):

quos (fines) utilitate aut voluptate dirigunt,

Cic. Fin. 5, 20 fin.:

omnia voluptate,

id. ib. 2, 22, 71:

utilitatem honestate,

id. Off. 3, 21, 83:

haec normā,

id. de Or. 3, 49, 190.—

Without an object:

(divinatio) ad veritatem saepissime dirigit,

Cic. Div. 1, 14 fin. —

With acc. only: epistolam (sc. ad aliquem), to write, Capit. Clod. Alb. 2.—

With adversus, Quint. 5, 7, 6.—Hence, dīrectus ( dērectus), a, um, P. a., made straight, straight, direct, whether horizontally or perpendicularly; straight, level; upright, steep.

Lit.:

auditus flexuosum iter habet, ne quid intrare possit, si simplex et directum pateret,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; cf.

aes (tubae), opp. flexum,

Ov. M. 1, 98:

iter,

Caes. B. C. 3, 79, 2: latera, id. B. G. 7, 72, 1; cf.

trabes,

id. ib. 7, 23, 1:

ordo (olearum),

Cic. Caecin. 8, 22:

arcus (opp. obliquus),

Ov. M. 2, 129:

paries,

i. e. that cuts another at right angles, Cic. Top. 4: ut directiores ictus flant, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 2:

praeruptus locus utraque ex parte directus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 4; cf. id. ib. 2, 24, 3:

(Henna) ab omni aditu circumcisa atque directa,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48 Zumpt N. cr.:

cornu,

Caes. B. G. 6, 26.— Subst.: dī-rectum, i, n., a straight line:

in directo pedum VIII. esse, in anfracto XVI.,

in a straight line, Varr. L. L. 7, § 15 Müll.; so,

altitudo (montis) per directum IV. M. pass.,

Plin. 5, 22, 18, § 80; cf. id. 3, 5, 9, § 66 al.:

cadere in directum moderate (with exire per devexum),

Sen. Q. N. 6, 20; Vulg. Ezech. 47, 20 al.—

Trop., straightforward, unceremonious, open, simple, direct:

o praeclaram beate vivendi et apertam et simplicem et directam viam,

Cic. Fin. 1, 18; cf.:

iter ad laudem,

id. Cael. 17, 41:

vera illa et directa ratio,

id. ib. 18:

tristis ac directus senex,

id. ib. 16, 38; cf.:

quid est in judicio? Directum, asperum, simplex, SI PARET HS ICCC DARI,

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:

percunctatio et denuntiatio belli,

Liv. 21, 19; cf.

contiones,

Just. 38, 3 fin. (v. obliquus):

verba,

Cod. Just. 6, 23, 15:

actio,

Dig. 3, 5, 46; 9, 4, 26 et saep.; cf.

institutio (opp. precaria),

id. 29, 1, 19:

libertates (opp. fideicommissariae),

id. 29, 4, 12.— Adv.

dīrectē, directly, straight (very rare):

dicere,

Cic. Part. Or. 7, 24:

ire,

Vulg. Sap. 5, 22.—Far more freq.,

dīrectō, directly, straight:

deorsum ferri,

Cic. N. D. 1, 25:

transversas trabes,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9, 2:

ad fidem spectare,

Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46; so id. Div. 2, 61 fin. (opp. anfractus and circuitio); Liv. 1, 11 fin.; Sen. Ep. 66; Dig. 9, 4, 26 al. —

dīrectā:

quo magis ursimus alte directā,

press deep down perpendicularly, Lucr. 2, 198.—

dīrectim, straightway, directly (post-class.), App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 34; Macr. S. 7, 12 fin.—Comp.:

directius gubernare,

Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66.— Sup. seems not to occur either in the adj. or in the adv.

dum, conj. [for dium, acc. from dius; cf. diu, Corss. Ausspr. 2, 856], denotes the temporal relation of two actions to cach other,

As contemporaneous, or,

As in immediate succession, so that with the commencement of one action the other ceases.

As contemporaneous.

Without respect to the limits of the two actions, while, whilst, during the time in which.

In gen., construed with the indicative, except in oratio obliqua, where the subjunctive was sometimes used. In Aug. poets and late prose the subjunctive often stands in oratio directa, v. the following).

Indic. praes.:

dum cum hac usuraria Uxore mihi nunc morigero, haec curata sint Fac sis,

Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 25; so id. Aul. 4, 2, 14; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 19; Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 11; Cic. Clu. 32 fin.; Verg. E. 3, 75; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 190 et saep.— In the praes. histor.:

dum haec loquimur, interea loci ad macellum ubi advenimus, etc.,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 24; id. Phorm. 5, 9, 18; Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15; id. Div. in Caec. 17, 56:

dum haec geruntur, Caesari nuntiatum est, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 46, 1; cf.

these forms of transition,

id. ib. 3, 17, 1; 4, 32, 1; 4, 34, 3; 5, 22, 1; 6, 7, 1; 7, 57, 1; id. B. C. 1, 56, 1; 2, 1, 1 et saep. dum ea conquiruntur et conferuntur, nocte intermissa circiter hominum milia VI ad Rhenum contenderunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 27, 4; cf. id. B. C. 1, 37, 1; id. ib. 1, 36, 1; Liv. 21, 7, 1; Verg. G. 4, 559.—In the imperf.:

dum haec in Appulia gerebantur, Samnites... urbem non tenuerunt,

Liv. 10, 36 fin.; 21, 53; 41, 14; Nep. Hann. 2, 4; Tac. Agr. 41; cf.:

dum is in aliis rebus erat occupatus,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 91 —In the fut.; nunc animum advortite Dum argumentum hujus eloquar comoediae, Plaut. Am. prol. 96.—In the perf.:

dum Cyri et Alexandri similis esse voluit, Crassorum inventus est dissimillimus,

Cic. Brut. 81, 292; so id. Mur. 27, 55; id. Fin. 2, 13; id. Phil. 14, 12, 33; id. Att. 1, 16, 2; Nep. Reg. 2, 2 al.—In the pluperf.:

dum in unam partem oculos animosque hostium certamen averterat, pluribus locis scalis capitur murus,

Liv. 32, 24.—In the fut. perf.:

bellum ingens geret Italia... Tertia dum Latio regnantem viderit aestas,

Verg. A. 1, 265.—Prov.:

dum loqueris,

i. e. this instant, Petr. 99.—In the oratio obliqua: dic, hospes, Spartae, nos te hic vidisse jacentes, Dum sanctis patriae legibus obsequimur, Poëta ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 101; Liv. 2, 57; 26, 16; Tac. A. 15, 59; id. H. 1, 33; Ov. M. 4, 776 et saep.—

Subj. In oratio obliqua:

dixisti, dum Planci in me meritum verbis extollerem, me arcem facere e cloaca,

Cic. Planc. 40; so id. de Or. 1, 41 fin.; id. Mur. 24; id. Att. 5, 17, 3; Sall. C. 7, 6; Tac. H. 4, 17 fin. al.—In oratio recta:

o quotiens ausae, caneret dum valle sub alta, Rumpere mugitu carmina docta boves,

Tib. 2, 3, 19:

dum intentus in eum se rex totus averteret, etc.,

Liv. 1, 40, 7:

dum ea in Samnio gererentur,

id. 10, 18, 1; Ov. Pont. 3, 3, 2; Verg. G. 4, 457; Mart. 1, 22, 1; Hirt. B. Hisp. 23; Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 35; id. Caes. 39; Hyg. Fab. 12 al.—

When the principal action is an immediate and sudden sequence of that described in [p. 618] the clause with dum, subito or repente is often used in the principal clause:

dum tempus teritur, repente milites, etc.,

Liv. 29, 9, 5: dum advenientes filia interrogat, repente in osculis, etc. Suet. Aug. 99:

dum Appium orno, subito sum factus accusatoris ejus socer,

Cic. Att. 6, 6, 1; Hirt. B. Afr. 61.—

When the actions are simply presented as contemporaneous, interea, jam or interea jam is often used in the principal clause:

dum haec mecum reputo, accersitur lavatum interea virgo,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 44; Cic. Quint. 6, 28:

dum ea Romani parant, jam Saguntum oppugnabatur,

Liv. 21, 7, 1; cf.

also: dum... interim,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 8; id. Men. 1, 3, 31; Liv. 21, 47, 7 al.—

Esp., of duration in the present, now, yet.

In combination with etiam primum, and esp. freq. with the negations non, nec, ne, haud, nihil, nullus, nemo, v. h vv.—

Colloq., as an enclitic with imperatives and interjections (by some separately written ades dum, abi dum, etc, but v. Ritschl, Opusc Phil p. 567 sq.), orig, acc of time, a moment, a second, a little Sosia adesdum, paucis te volo, Ter. And 1, 1, 2 abidum, id. Heaut. 2, 3, 8 circumspicedum, Plaut Trin. 1, 2, 109:

dicdum,

Ter. Hec 5, 3, 5 facitodum, id. Heaut 3, 2, 39 iteradum, Poëta ap. Cic. Att. 14, 14 jubedum, Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 7:

manedum,

id. Bacch. 4, 6, 24; Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 4:

memoradum,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 103:

tacedum,

id. Men. 2, 2, 73:

tangedum,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 5 al.:

agedum (most freq.),

id. Am. 2, 2, 151; 5, 1, 29; id. As. 4, 1, 1; 5, 1, 1 et saep. (for which, agidum, id. Trin. 2, 2, 89 Ritschl ad loc.); Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 27; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 69; id. Hec. 3, 1, 35; id. Phorm. 5, 3, 1; Cic. Sull. 26; Liv. 7, 9; 9, 16 al.; Cat. 63, 78; Stat. Th. 7, 126 al.:

agitedum,

Liv. 3, 62 Drak.; 5, 52; 7, 34 fin.:

cedodum,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 15:

ehodum,

id. And. 1, 2, 13; 2, 1, 24; 3, 5, 10; id. Eun. 2, 3, 68; also in Plaut. in enumerations: primumdum (= Gr. prôton men), Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26; id. Most. 2, 1, 53; id. Trin. 1, 2, 61 al.—

With respect to the temporal limit of both actions, i. q. tamdiu quam or usque eo, as long as, while.

Lit. (with indic. when the duration of the action in the principal clause is alone implied, except in the oratio obliqua).—In praes.: bene factum a vobis, dum vivitis, non abscedet, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1 fin.; so Cic. Lael. 4, 14; id. de Sen. 23, 86; id. Fin. 3, 2, 9; Caes. B. G. 7, 50 fin. al.—In fut.: quid illos opinamini animi habuisse atque habituros, dum vivent? Cato ap. Gell. 10, 13, 17; Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; Cic. Rosc. Am. 32 fin.; id. Leg. 1, 1, 2; Verg. A. 1, 607 sq. et saep.—

Subj., often, when the clause with dum expresses a desired end, or refers to an indefinite future:

non tibi venit in mentem, Si, dum vivas, tibi bene facias, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 76:

pars, dum vires suppeterent, eruptionem censebant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 2:

ut sua sponte, dum sine periculo liceret, excederet Gadibus,

id. B. C. 2, 20, 3:

hoc unum esse tempus de pace agendi, dum sibi uterque confideret ut pares ambo viderentur,

id. ib. 3, 10, 7:

de quo (sc. animo) dum disputarem, tuam mihi dari vellem, Cotta, eloquentiam,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 147 Bait. (v. Roby, Gram. 2, 284 sq.). —

With tamdiu, tantum, tantummodo, tantisper, usque; or opp. postea, postquam, deinde, ubi, nunc, etc.—With tamdiu, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3; id. Cat. 3, 7; id. de Sen. 12, 41; id. Tusc. 5, 33 fin.; id. Att. 9, 6, 5 al.—With tantum, Liv. 27, 42.—With tantummodo, Sall. J. 53, 3.—With tantisper, Plaut. Truc. prol. 11; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 44; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 54.—With usque, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5: dum... postea, id. Mur. 12, 26—dum... postea quam, Caes. B. G. 7, 82, 1; Cic. Rosc. Am. 43 fin. —dum... postquam, Sall. J. 53, 3; Liv. 21, 13; cf. Ter. And. 1, 1, 27—dum... deinde, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 5; Liv. 27, 42, 13—dum... sed ubi, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 37; Caes. B. C. 1, 51, 5—dum... nunc, Ter. And. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 11.—For tamdiu... dum, less freq. dum... dum, as long as... so long:

sic virgo dum intacta manet, dum cara suis,

Cat. 62, 45 and 56; cf. Quint. 9, 3, 16:

dum habeat, dum amet,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 23 (al. tum).—

In Plautus repeatedly with an emphatic quidem, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 57; 5, 2, 20; id. Bacch. 2, 2, 48; id. Merc. 2, 3, 53; id. Ps. 1, 5, 92.—

Transf.

In conditional relations as a restrictive particle, like quatenus and duntaxat, so long as, if so be that, provided that, if only (so regularly connected with the subjunctive;

freq. in prose and poetry): dum pereas, nihil interduo aiant vivere,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 36: Ly. Concede, inspiciam quid sit scriptum. Cu. Maxime, Tuo arbitratu, dum auferam abs te id quod peto, id. Curc. 3, 58; cf.:

dum res maneant, verba fingant arbitratu suo,

Cic. Fin. 5, 29 fin.: oderint, dum metuant, Att. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 28, 97:

licet lascivire, dum nihil metuas,

Cic. Rep. 1, 40 et saep.; in the imperf.:

qui sese in cruciatum dari cuperet, dum de patris morte quaereretur,

id. Rosc. Am. 41, 119; Sall. C. 40, 4; id. J. 68, 3; Quint. 10, 1, 33: An. Non pudet vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41;

so without a verb,

Cic. Fam. 7, 9; id. Ac. 2, 32, 104; Quint. 4, 1, 70; 9, 4, 58; 10, 3, 5; cf.:

dum eatenus,

id. 1, 11, 1.—

With an emphatic modo, and often in one word, dummodo:

aeque istuc facio dummodo Eam des, quae sit quaestuosa, etc.,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 189; id. Aul. 2, 2, 62; id. Mil. 2, 2, 98; Cic. Rep. 3, 3; id. Off. 3, 21; id. Cat. 1, 5; 9; Prop. 3, 17, 17 (4, 16, 17 M.); Ov. F. 5, 242 al.; cf.:

sin autem jejunitatem... dummodo sit polita, dum urbana, dum elegans, in Attico genere ponit, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 82, 285:

dummodo sit dives, barbarus ille placet,

Ov. A. A. 2, 276.—Separated by other words:

mea nil refert, dum patiar modo,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 28:

certumst pati, dum illum modo habeam mecum,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 57; Val. Fl. 5, 265.—

With tamen, and, in Plautus (cf. above, 1. c.), with quidem.—With tamen, Cic. de Or. 2, 77, 314; Cels. 3, 4; Quint. 1, 1, 11; 2, 12, 7; 8 prooem. § 32; Dig. 39, 22, 4.—With quidem, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 20; id. Aul. 2, 2, 34; cf. the foll. number.—

In negative conditional clauses, with ne, so long as not, provided that not, if only not:

VTEI. SENATVS. NOSTER. DECERNERET. DVM. NE. MINVS. SENATORIBVS. C. ADESENT., S. C. de Bac. (thrice): id faciat saepe, dum ne lassus fiat,

Cato, R. R. 5, 4; Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 137; cf. id. Bacch. 4, 8, 26; id. Curc. 1, 1, 36; Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 12; Cic. Att. 6, 1, 4; 8, 11, B fin.; Liv. 3, 21 Drak.; 28, 40; Ov. H. 3, 81.—So too, dummodo ne, Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 185; id. Fam. 10, 25, 2; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7; id. Att. 12, 45 al.:

dum quidem ne,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 89.—

With a causal accessory notion, until, long enough for, etc (very rare, only with subjunctive) obsidio deinde per paucos dies magis quam oppugnatio fuit, dum vulnus ducis curaretur, Liv 21, 8; cf. id. 24, 40; Suet Aug. 78 fin. nam se quoque moveri finget, dum aditum sibi ad aures faciat, Quint. 4, 1, 46.

In immediate suceession, until, until that (with the subjunctive or the indicative, as the idea of aim or simply of time predominates; cf.

e.g.: quid dicam, quantus amor bestiarum sit in educandis custodiendisque iis, quae procreaverunt, usque ad eum finem, dum possint se ipsa defendere?

Cic. N. D. 2, 51 fin.:

ea mansit in condicione atque pacto usque ad eum finem, dum judices rejecti sunt,

id. Verr. 1, 6, 16; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 32; id. Eun. 1, 2, 126; Liv. 4, 21 fin.; 27, 42. Cicero generally, Caesar always employs the subjunctive).

Subj.:

is dum veniat, sedens ibi opperibere,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 14; cf.:

paulisper mane, dum edormiscat unum somnum,

id. Am. 2, 2, 64; cf. also Cic. Att. 7, 1, 4;

so with exspectare,

id. Lael. 13; Caes. B. G. 1, 11 fin.; 4, 13, 2; Liv. 3, 11 fin.: Tac. Or. 19 fin.; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 42; Luc. 5, 303 et saep.;

with morari,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 28; Liv. 4, 21 fin.; 22, 38 al.; cf. infra, b:

sic deinceps omne opus contexitur, dum justa muri altitudo expleatur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23, 4; id. B. C. 1, 58, 4; cf.:

multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem Inferretque deos Latio,

Verg. A. 1, 5:

ut spatium intercedere posset, dum milites convenirent, legatis respondit, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7 fin.: Caesar ex eo tempore, dum ad flumen Varum veniatur, se frumentum daturum pollicetur, from that time until, etc., id. B. C. 1, 87, 1:

differant in tempus aliud, dum defervescat ira,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 36, 78 (cf. ib.:

dum se ipsi colligant): quippe qui moram temporis quaererent, dum Hannibal in Africam traiceret,

Liv. 30, 16 fin. et saep.—

Indic.:

tu hic nos, dum eximus, interea opperibere,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 5;

so with opperiri,

Cic. Att. 10, 3;

with manere aliquem,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 28;

with exspectare,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 126;

with morari,

Liv. 27, 42; cf.:

causas innecte morandi, Dum pelago desaevit hiems,

Verg. A. 4, 52:

retine, dum ego huc servos evoco,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 89; cf.:

Tityre, dum redeo, pasce capellas,

Verg. E. 9, 23: struppis, quibus lectica deligata erat, usque adeo verberari jussit, dum animam efflavit, Gracch. ap. Gell. 10, 3, 5; cf. in the perf., Prop. 1, 3, 45; in the fut., id. 1, 14, 14. See Hand, Turs. II. pp. 303-330.

F, f, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) f. The sign W is the Aeolic digamma, adopted by the Latins instead of 8, the form used by the Etruscans, Oscans, and Umbrians for this letter; in inscriptions, before A.U.C. 500, it is sometimes written. The ancient grammarians, misled by the shape, ascribed to F the power of the digamma; thus: W Aeolicum digamma, quod apud antiquissimos Latinorum eandem vim quam apud Aeolis habuit, eum autem prope sonum quem nunc habet, significabat p cum aspiratione; sicut etiam apud veteres Graecos pro ph, p, et h, Prisc. 1, 4, p. 12. But it is certain that Lat. F never represents the sound of digamma, and etymologically corresponds to it in but a single root (frango; Gr. rhêgnumi, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 531; Corss. Ausspr. 1, 397 sq. Fick, however, denies any connection between these words, Vergl. Wört. p. 182; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 511; rhigos, Lat. frigus, was never digammated). The sound of F was nearly that of the Gr. ph, but rougher, Quint. 1, 4, 14; 12, 10, 29; cf. Prisc. 1, 4, p. 14; Mar. Vict. p. 2455 P. Initial F in Latin corresponds to an original Indo-European bh, dh, and gh: 1. To bh, as in fari, fama, Sanscr. root bha-; Gr. pha-, phêmi: ferre, Sanscr. bhar-; Gr. pherô: fuga, Sanscr. bhug-, to bend; Gr. phugê; 2. To dh, as in firmus, Sanscr. dhar-, to support: ferus, Sanscr. dhvar-, to destroy; Gr. thêr (phêr): fumus, Sanscr. dhumas, smoke; Gr. thuein; 3. To gh, as in far, farina, Sanscr. gharsh-, to rub: formus, Sanscr. ghar-, to burn; Gr. thermos, etc. In situations not initial these original sounds commonly gave place in Latin to b, or were weakened to h (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 140 sqq.). In writing Greek words, ph was represented by p or b, the Latins having no means of expressing the aspiration ( p-h, not like Engl. ph or f) until the post-Aug. period; but in the later writings and inscr. ph is generally represented by f (Corss. Ausspr. 1, 173; Roby, Lat. Gram. 1, p. 33). Respecting the use of the reversed F (

As an abbreviation, F stands for fili, functus, faciundum. F. C., faciundum curavit. FF., fecerunt. F. I., fieri jussit. FL. P., flamen perpetuus. F. P. C., filius ponendum curavit. F. M., fecit monumentum. F.A., filio amantissimo. F. C. H., fieri curavit heres. FR. or FRU., frumentum, frumentarius.

F, f, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) f. The sign W is the Aeolic digamma, adopted by the Latins instead of 8, the form used by the Etruscans, Oscans, and Umbrians for this letter; in inscriptions, before A.U.C. 500, it is sometimes written. The ancient grammarians, misled by the shape, ascribed to F the power of the digamma; thus: W Aeolicum digamma, quod apud antiquissimos Latinorum eandem vim quam apud Aeolis habuit, eum autem prope sonum quem nunc habet, significabat p cum aspiratione; sicut etiam apud veteres Graecos pro ph, p, et h, Prisc. 1, 4, p. 12. But it is certain that Lat. F never represents the sound of digamma, and etymologically corresponds to it in but a single root (frango; Gr. rhêgnumi, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 531; Corss. Ausspr. 1, 397 sq. Fick, however, denies any connection between these words, Vergl. Wört. p. 182; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 511; rhigos, Lat. frigus, was never digammated). The sound of F was nearly that of the Gr. ph, but rougher, Quint. 1, 4, 14; 12, 10, 29; cf. Prisc. 1, 4, p. 14; Mar. Vict. p. 2455 P. Initial F in Latin corresponds to an original Indo-European bh, dh, and gh: 1. To bh, as in fari, fama, Sanscr. root bha-; Gr. pha-, phêmi: ferre, Sanscr. bhar-; Gr. pherô: fuga, Sanscr. bhug-, to bend; Gr. phugê; 2. To dh, as in firmus, Sanscr. dhar-, to support: ferus, Sanscr. dhvar-, to destroy; Gr. thêr (phêr): fumus, Sanscr. dhumas, smoke; Gr. thuein; 3. To gh, as in far, farina, Sanscr. gharsh-, to rub: formus, Sanscr. ghar-, to burn; Gr. thermos, etc. In situations not initial these original sounds commonly gave place in Latin to b, or were weakened to h (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 140 sqq.). In writing Greek words, ph was represented by p or b, the Latins having no means of expressing the aspiration ( p-h, not like Engl. ph or f) until the post-Aug. period; but in the later writings and inscr. ph is generally represented by f (Corss. Ausspr. 1, 173; Roby, Lat. Gram. 1, p. 33). Respecting the use of the reversed F (

As an abbreviation, F stands for fili, functus, faciundum. F. C., faciundum curavit. FF., fecerunt. F. I., fieri jussit. FL. P., flamen perpetuus. F. P. C., filius ponendum curavit. F. M., fecit monumentum. F.A., filio amantissimo. F. C. H., fieri curavit heres. FR. or FRU., frumentum, frumentarius.

fĕrē and fermē ( fĕrĕ, Aus. Epigr. 10, 5, 5), adv. [Sanscr. dhar-, dhar-ami, to bear, support; Gr. root, thra-, in thrênus, stool, thronos, seat; Lat. firmus; cf.: forma, forum. Ferme is perh. a sup. form for ferime, v. Rib. Lat. Part. p. 6 sq. Erroneously, Varr.: ferme dicitur quod nunc fere: utrumque dictum a ferendo, quod id quod fertur est in motu atque adventat, L. L. 7, § 92 Müll.], approximately, closely, in two senses.

With the idea of approach predominant, nearly, almost, well-nigh, within a little, for the most part, about (esp. with words of number, quantity, multitude; cf.: plerumque, vulgo).

Form fere:

fere sexennis,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 80:

abhinc menses decem fere,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 24; cf.:

fere abhinc annos quindecim,

id. Phorm. 5, 8, 28:

fere in diebus paucis, quibus haec acta sunt, Chrysis vicina haec moritur,

soon, only a few days after, id. And. 1, 1, 77:

quinta fere hora,

about the fifth hour, Cic. Pis. 6, 13:

hora fere tertia,

id. Att. 14, 20, 1:

tertia fere vigilia,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23, 1:

sexcentos fere annos,

Cic. Rep. 1, 48:

sexto decimo fere anno,

id. ib. 2, 33:

anno fere ante, quam consul est declaratus,

id. ib. 1, 5:

anno fere centesimo et quadragesimo post mortem Numae,

id. ib. 2, 15; cf.:

anno trecentesimo et quinquagesimo fere post Romam conditam,

id. ib. 1, 16:

decem fere annis post primos consules,

id. ib. 2, 32; cf.

also: decessit fere post annum quartum quam, etc.,

Nep. Arist. 3 fin.:

meus fere aequalis,

Cic. Brut. 48, 179; cf. id. Off. 3, 1, 1:

ipsa Peloponnesus fere tota in mari est,

id. Rep. 2, 4, 8; cf.:

totius fere Galliae legati ad Caesarem gratulatum convenerunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 1:

totis fere a fronte et ab sinistra parte nudatis castris,

id. ib. 2, 23, 4:

rerum omnium fere modus,

Cic. Rep. 6, 18; cf.:

quam fere omnium constans et moderata ratio vitae,

id. Clu. 16, 46:

ex omnibus fere partibus,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19:

in reliquis fere rebus,

id. ib. 6, 13, 3:

omnes fere,

Cic. Fam. 6, 10, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1; 4, 20, 1; Nep. Arist. 2, 3; id. Chabr. 3, 4; Liv. 21, 60, 9; Suet. Caes. 87;

and in the order fere omnes,

Caes. B. G. 5, 13, 1; 5, 23, 4:

cujus disputationis fuit extremum fere de immortalitate animorum,

Cic. Lael. 4, 14; cf.: Phalereus ille Demetrius ultimus est fere ex Atticis. Quint. 10, 1, 80: cum fere e regione castris castra poneret, Caes. B. G. 7, 35, 1; id. ib. 3, 12, 1:

plus fere,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 45:

semper fere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 6, 22:

satis fere diximus,

id. Off. 1, 18, 60:

tantum fere,

almost only, id. Rep. 2, 18 fin.:

Lycurgus eadem vidit fere,

id. ib. 2, 23:

haec fere,

id. ib. 1, 34 fin.; cf.:

hoc fere ab reliquis differunt, quod,

in this chiefly, Caes. B. G. 6, 18, 3:

haec fere dicere habui,

Cic. N. D. 3, 39, 93:

haec erant fere, quae, etc.,

id. Fam. 12, 5 fin.; 12, 30 fin.; id. Att. 2, 16, 1; id. Or. 54, 182; id. Ac. 2, 32, 102:

exposui fere non philosophorum judicia, sed, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 16, 42; cf.:

sic fere componendum, quomodo pronuntiandum erit,

Quint. 9, 4, 138:

fere eodem pacto, quo,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 10:

et fere apparet, quid in invidiam, etc.... dicendum sit,

Quint. 5, 12, 16.—

Form ferme:

hoc factum est ferme abhinc biennium,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 2, 4; so,

abhinc annos ferme L.,

Vell. 2, 90 fin.:

nam ferme ante annos DCCCCL. floruit,

id. 1, 5, 3:

intra XII. ferme annos,

id. 2, 11 fin.:

duodequadragesimo ferme anno, ex quo regnare coeperat Tarquinius,

Liv. 1, 40:

mille ferme delecti propugnatores onerariis imponuntur,

id. 30, 10; cf.:

pars ferme dimidia,

id. 42, 51:

a quo (flumine) aberat mons ferme milia viginti,

Sall. J. 48, 3; cf.:

in tumulo quatuor ferme milia distante ab castris regiis consedit,

Liv. 30, 8:

abest ab Carthagine quindecim milia ferme passuum locus,

id. 30, 9:

ferme eadem omnia, quae, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 21:

cum ferme cunctos proceres cum honore nominavisset,

Tac. A. 3, 76:

mihi quidem aetas acta est ferme,

for the most part, about, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 38.

With the idea of nearness or closeness predominant, quite, entirely, just.

Form fere:

domum revortor maestus atque animo fere conturbato,

quite distracted, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 69:

quod statuas quoque videmus ornatu fere militari,

quite military, Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61:

paria esse fere peccata,

quite equal, Hor. S. 1, 3, 96:

etsi nobis, qui id aetatis sumus, evigilatum fere est, tamen, etc.,

entirely, sufficiently, Cic. Rep. 3, 29:

cum circa hanc fere consultationem disceptatio omnis verteretur,

just on this debated point, Liv. 36, 7, 1: jamque fere, just now, Enn. ap. Non. 217, 11; and ap. Charis. p. 114 P. (Ann. v. 286 and 580 ed. Vahl.); Verg. A. 3, 135; 5, 327; 835; cf.: jam fere, Enn. ap. Non. 355, 17 (Trag. v. 201 ed. Vahl.); and: jam... fere, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 46 Müll. (Ann. v. 447 ed. Vahl.):

sermo qui tum fere multis erat in ore,

just then, Cic. Lael. 1, 2.—

Form ferme: circumvenire video ferme injuria, altogether wrong, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 92 Müll. (Rib. Trag. Fragm. p. 12); cf.: ferme aderant ratibus, just, Enn. ib. § 23 Müll. (Ann. v. 602 ed. Vahl.); so, quod ferme dirum in tempus cecidere Latinae, Cic. Poët. Div. 1, 11, 18; and:

sed eum constabat virum esse ferme bonum,

Gell. 14, 2, 5:

ferme ut quisque rem accurat suam, Sic ei procedunt post principia denique,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 4; so,

ferme ut pueri,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 32:

jam ferme moriens me vocat,

just dying, id. And. 1, 5, 49.—

In partic.

With negatives, scarcely, hardly.

(= vix, non facile.) Form fere:

nihil aut non fere multum differre,

Cic. Brut. 40, 150:

nemo fere saltat sobrius,

id. Mur. 6; id. de Or. 1, 25, 116:

nihil fere intelligit,

id. Off. 3, 3, 15:

non fere labitur,

id. Fin. 1, 6, 18:

quod non fere ante auctumnum Elaver vado transiri solet,

Caes. B. G. 7, 35, 1:

duo spondei non fere jungi patiuntur,

Quint. 9, 4, 101:

in se dicere non est fere nisi scurrarum,

id. 6, 3, 82:

denique ex bellica victoria non fere quemquam est invidia civium consecuta,

hardly any one, Cic. Sest. 23, 51:

rationem sententiae suae non fere reddere,

id. Tusc. 1, 17, 38:

nec adhuc fere inveni, qui, etc.,

id. Att. 7, 6, 1; cf.:

quod non fere contingit, nisi, etc.,

id. Lael. 20, 72:

nec rei fere sane amplius quicquam fuit,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 3:

in qua (disputatione) nihil fere, quod magno opere ad rationes omnium rerum pertineret, praetermissum puto,

Cic. Rep. 1, 8 fin.: tum est Cato locutus;

quo erat nemo fere senior temporibus illis, nemo prudentior,

id. Lael. 1, 5:

dixit, hunc ne in convivio quidem ullo fere interfuisse,

id. Rosc. Am. 14:

neque ullum fere totius hiemis tempus sine sollicitudine Caesaris intercessit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 53, 5: neque enim [p. 736] fere iam est ullus dies occupatus, ut nihil, etc., Quint. 10, 7, 27.—With a neg. interrog.:

nam quid fere undique placet?

Quint. 1, 2, 15.—

Form ferme:

hoc non ferme sine magnis principum vitiis evenit,

Cic. Rep. 1, 45 fin.; id. Tusc. 5, 38, 111:

quod non ferme decernitur, nisi, etc.,

Liv. 22, 9, 8; 24, 25, 9:

voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34 fin.; so,

nec ferme res antiqua alia est nobilior,

Liv. 1, 24:

facio, quod manifesto moechi haud ferme solent,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 40; so Ter. And. 3, 1, 2:

haud ferme,

Liv. 21, 7, 9; 27, 28, 14:

ut eo nihil ferme quisquam addere posset,

Cic. Brut. 43, 161:

quia nemo ferme huc sine damno devortitur,

Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 39:

non ferme facilius aliquid tenere,

Cic. Rep. 2, 5 fin.; 1, 45, 69.—

Of time (in the usual course of things; opp. to sometimes, now and then), in general, generally, usually, commonly.

Form fere:

Fit fere, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 6, 10; cf.:

jam hoc fere sic fieri solere accepimus,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 9, 24:

quod fere solet fieri,

id. Inv. 1, 29, 46; cf.

also: ut fere fit,

id. ib. 2, 4, 14:

nam fere maxima pars morem hunc homines habent,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 36:

quod fere libenter homines id, quod volunt, credunt,

Caes. B. G. 3, 18, 6:

aedificio circumdato silva (ut sunt fere domicilia Gallorum, etc.),

id. ib. 6, 30, 3:

ruri fere se continebat,

Ter. Ph. 2, 3, 16:

nam fere non difficile est invenire, quid, etc.,

Auct. Her. 2, 18, 27:

in eum fere est voluntas nostra propensior,

Cic. Off. 2, 20, 69:

sic omnia nimia in contraria fere convertuntur,

id. Rep. 1, 44:

quod in illis singuli fuissent fere, qui, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 1:

nominatim fere referri, quid, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 33, 142:

nigra fere terra,

commonly black, Verg. G. 2, 203:

qui timet his adversa, fere miratur eodem quo cupiens pacto,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 9.—Strengthened by plerumque or plerique:

hic solebamus fere Plerumque eam operiri,

Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 39; cf.

corresp. to plerumque: fortuna eos plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est: itaque efferuntur fere fastidio et contumacia,

Cic. Lael. 15, 54:

adducto fere vultu, plerumque tacitus,

Suet. Tib. 68:

non sunt vitiosiores, quam fere plerique, qui avari avaros... reprehendunt,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 30, 73.—Opp. raro, interdum, saepe:

fere praedicta aetas laeto solo truncoque tres materias, raro quatuor desiderat,

Col. 4, 17, 5; cf.:

fereque id in capillo fit, rarius in barba,

Cels. 6, 2:

ipse Circenses ex amicorum fere libertinorumque cenaculis spectabat, interdum e pulvinari,

Suet. Aug. 15:

in consulatu pedibus fere, extra consulatum saepe adaperta sella per publicum incessit,

id. ib. 53.—

Form ferme:

quod ferme evenit,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42:

nam ferme apud Numidas in omnibus proeliis magis pedes quam arma tuta sunt,

Sall. J. 74 fin.:

inculta ferme vestiuntur virgultis vepribusque,

Liv. 21, 54:

intacta invidia media sunt: ad summa ferme tendit,

id. 45, 35; cf.:

mobilis et varia est ferme natura malorum,

Juv. 13, 236:

ceterum parva quoque (ut ferme principia omnia),

Liv. 7, 2:

ut ferme ad nova imperia,

Tac. A. 2, 2:

quae antea dictatorum et consulum ferme fuerant beneficia,

Liv. 9, 30, 3:

nocte ferme proficiscebantur,

id. 34, 13, 3.

gĕnĕrālis, e, adj. [genus].

Of or belonging to a kind or species, generic (very rare): variae volucres ut in ordine cunctae Ostendant maculas generales corpore inesse, etc., of their species, Lucr. 1, 590:

cum qualis sit res, quaeritur, quia et de vi et de genere negotii controversia est, constitutio generalis vocatur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 8, 10. —

Of or relating to all, general (opp. singuli and specialis; cf. universalis;

freq. only since the Aug. per.): et generale quoddam decorum intelligimus, quod in omni honestate versatur, et aliud huic subjectum, quod pertinet ad singulas partes honestatis,

Cic. Off. 1, 27, 96:

causae, opp. singulae lites,

Quint. 7, 1, 64; Sen. Ep. 58 med.:

cum sit omnis generalis quaestio speciali potentior,

Quint. 12, 2, 18; cf.:

illud generale, hoc speciale,

id. 5, 10, 44:

tractatus, opp. specialis,

id. 5, 7, 35; cf.:

ab generali tractatu ad quasdam deduci species,

id. 2, 4, 22:

de re et generales quaestiones sunt et definitae,

id. 7, 2, 1:

definitio,

Dig. 28, 5, 4:

pactum,

ib. 2, 14, 40: lex est generale jussum populi aut plebis, rogante magistratu, At. Cap. ap. Gell. 10, 20, 2.—Hence, adv.: gĕnĕrālĭter (acc. to II.), in general, generally (mostly post-Aug.; cf.:

generatim, communiter): tempus est, id quo nunc utimur (nam ipsum quidem generaliter definire difficile est), pars quaedam aeternitatis,

Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 39:

quaedam adnotasse, sed generaliter (opp. particulas etiam persequi),

Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 3:

tempus generaliter et specialiter accipitur, etc.,

Quint. 5, 10, 42 sq.;

so opp. specialiter,

id. 5, 7, 4; 5, 11, 1;

opp. proprie,

id. 3, 7, 7:

legare,

Gai. Inst. 2, 238:

stipulari,

id. ib. 4, 53:

universi,

Vulg. Jer. 25, 20.

gĕnĕrātim, adv. [genus; cf. also generalis].

By kinds, species, classes, or divisions (freq. and class.):

generatim reddita finis Crescendi rebus constat, etc.,

Lucr. 1, 584; cf. id. 1, 597:

ut cupide generatim secla propagent,

id. 1, 20; 1, 229; 563;

2, 347 al.: primum nomen omnium (avium): alites ab alis, volucres a volatu. Deinde generatim: de his pleraeque ab suis vocibus, ut haec upupa, cuculus, corvus, etc.,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 75 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 5, §

146 ib.: ergo ab universa provincia generatimque ab singulis ejus partibus diligitur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 168:

aut publice civitas istos honores habent, aut, si generatim, homines ut aratores, ut mercatores, ut navicularii,

id. ib. 2, 2, 55, § 137; cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 32, 1:

Germani suas copias castris eduxerunt generatimque constituerunt paribusque intervallis Harudes, Marcomanos, Triboccos, etc.,

i. e. by nations, id. B. G. 1, 51, 2 (Metaphr. kata phulas); cf.:

Galli generatim distributi in civitates,

id. ib. 7, 19, 2: Caesar contione habita Cordubae omnibus generatim gratias agit: civibus Romanis, quod, etc.... Hispanis, quod, etc.... Gaditanis, quod, etc., after their kind, i. e. according to their services, id. ib. 2, 21, 1:

exponere argumenta,

Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:

componere,

id. de Or. 1, 41, 146; cf. id. ib. 1, 13, 58:

ne omnia generatim sacra omnesque percenseam deos,

Liv. 5, 52, 6:

qua haut dubie major aliquanto summa ex numero plaustrorum ponderibusque auri, argenti generatim ab ipso scriptis efficitur,

id. 45, 40, 1 Weissenb. ad loc.:

proprios generatim discite cultus, Agricolae,

Verg. G. 2, 35.—

Opposed to specially, in particular, generally, in general (rare but class.):

singillatim potius quam generatim atque universe loquar,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143; cf.:

neque generatim tradere, neque per singulas partes exsequi,

Quint. 5, 10, 100:

omnia generatim amplecti,

Cic. Inv. 2, 5, 18:

generatim ea, quae maxime nota sunt, dicam,

id. Pis. 35, 86:

non nominatim, sed generatim informata proscriptio,

id. Att. 11, 6, 2:

haec generatim praecipimus: nunc illud proprie, etc.,

Col. 3, 9, 9.

gĕnus, ĕris, n. [= genos, root GEN, gigno, gens], birth, descent, origin; and concr., a race, stock, etc. (cf.: familia, gens, stirps).

Lit.

In gen.: bono genere gnati, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17; cf.:

ii, qui nobili genere nati sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 70, § 180:

amplissimo genere natus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 12, 4:

genere regio natus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 33:

C. Laelius, cum ei quidam malo genere natus diceret, indignum esse suis majoribus, at hercule, inquit, tu tuis dignus,

id. de Or. 2, 71, 286:

genere et nobilitate et pecunia sui municipii facile primus,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

esse genere divino,

id. Rep. 2, 2:

contempsisti L. Murenae genus, extulisti tuum,

id. Mur. 7, 15:

hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia,

id. Leg. 2, 1, 3; cf. id. Brut. 58, 212; id. Rep. 1, 18:

adulescens, cujus spei nihil praeter genus patricium deesset,

Liv. 6, 34, 11:

in famam generis ac familiae,

Quint. 3, 11, 12; 5, 10, 24:

genus Lentulorum,

id. 6, 3, 67:

Atys, genus unde Atii duxere Latini,

Verg. A. 5, 568:

fortuna non mutat genus,

Hor. Epod. 4, 6:

virginem plebei generis petiere juvenes, alter virgini genere par, alter, etc.,

Liv. 4, 9, 4:

qui sibi falsum nomen imposuerit, genus parentesve finxerit, etc.,

Plaut. Sent. 5, 25, 11.— Plur.:

summis gnati generibus,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 20.—

In partic., birth, for high or noble birth (mostly poet.):

cum certi propter divitias aut genus aut aliquas opes rem publicam tenent, est factio,

Cic. Rep. 3, 14: pol mihi fortuna magis nunc defit quam genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 394 Vahl.):

et genus et virtus, nisi cum re vilior alga est,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 8; cf.:

et genus et formam regina pecunia donat,

id. Ep. 1, 6, 37:

non, Torquate, genus, non te facundia, non te Restituet pietas,

id. C. 4, 7, 23:

jactes et genus et nomen inutile,

id. ib. 1, 14, 13; cf.:

cui genus et quondam nomen natique fuissent,

Verg. A. 5, 621:

nunc jam nobis patribus vobisque plebei promiscuus consulatus patet, nec generis, ut ante, sed virtutis est praemium,

Liv. 7, 32, 14; cf. id. 4, 4, 7.

Transf.

Like gens and stirps, a descendant, offspring, child; and collect., descendants, posterity, race ( poet.): neve tu umquam in gremium extollas liberorum ex te genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.):

credo equidem, genus esse deorum,

Verg. A. 4, 12:

Uraniae genus, Hymen,

i. e. her son, Cat. 61, 2:

audax Iapeti,

i. e. his son Prometheus, Hor. C. 1, 3, 27:

Jovis,

i. e. Perseus, Ov. M. 4, 609; cf. also Prop. 2, 2, 9; Hor. C. 2, 14, 18:

genus Adrasti,

i. e. Diomede, grandson of Adrastus, Ov. F. 6, 433;

so of a grandson,

id. M. 2, 743; cf.

nepotum,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 4:

Tantali genus,

id. ib. 2, 18, 37:

Danai,

id. ib. 2, 14, 18:

Messi clarum genus Osci,

id. S. 1, 5, 54:

ab alto Demissum genus Aenea,

i. e. Octavianus, as the adopted son of Julius Cœsar, id. ib. 2, 5, 63:

sive neglectum genus et nepotes Respicis auctor,

i. e. the Romans, id. C. 1, 2, 35; cf. ib. 3, 6, 18:

regium genus,

id. ib. 2, 4, 15. —

Of an assemblage of objects (persons, animals, plants, inanimate or abstract things) which are related or belong together in consequence of a resemblance in natural qualities; a race, stock, class, sort, species, kind (in this signif. most freq. in all periods and kinds of writing).

In gen.

Of living things: ne genus humanum temporis longinquitate occideret, propter hoc marem cum femina esse coniunctum, Cic. ap. Col. 12, 1 (Fragm. Cic. 1, 5 Baiter):

quod ex infinita societate generis humani ita contracta res est, etc.,

of the human race, Cic. Lael. 5, 20; cf. id. Rep. 1, 2 fin.:

o deorum quicquid in caelo regit Terras et humanum genus,

Hor. Epod. 5, 2;

for which: consulere generi hominum,

Cic. Rep. 3, 12; cf.:

cum omni hominum genere,

id. ib. 2, 26; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

solivagum genus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 25: potens vir cum inter sui corporis homines tum etiam ad plebem, quod haudquaquam inter id genus contemptor ejus habebatur, i. e. among the Plebeians, Liv. 6, 34, 5: Graium genus, the Grecian race, Enn. ap. Prob. ad Verg. E. 6, 31 (Ann. v. 149 Vahl.):

virtus est propria Romani generis atque seminis,

Cic. Phil. 4, 5, 13; cf. id. Ac. 2, 27, 86:

Ubii, paulo quam sunt ejusdem generis et ceteris humaniores,

Caes. B. G. 4, 3, 3; cf.

also: impellit alios (Aeduos) iracundia et temeritas, quae maxime illi hominum generi est innata,

race of men, id. ib. 7, 42, 2; so, like gens, of nations, peoples, tribes: ferox, Sall. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess. s. v. insolens, p. 241 Lind. (Hist. 1, 14 Gerl.); Liv. 34, 7, 6:

implacidum (Genauni),

Hor. C. 4, 14, 10:

durum ac velox (Ligures),

Flor. 2, 3, 4:

omne in paludes diffugerat,

id. 3, 10, 14:

Graecorum,

Cic. Fl. 4, 9:

Numidarum,

Liv. 30, 12, 18:

genus omne nomenque Macedonum,

id. 13, 44, 6; Nep. Reg. 2:

Italici generis multi mortales,

Sall. J. 47, 1:

Illyriorum,

Liv. 27, 32, 4; 27, 48, 10; 42, 47 fin.:

Scytharum,

Just. 2, 3, 16; Tac. H. 2, 4; Suet. Ner. 37; Vell. 2, 118, 1.—In plur.:

conventus is, qui ex variis generibus constaret,

Caes. B. C. 2, 36, 1:

olim isti fuit generi quondam quaestus apud saeclum prius... est genus hominum, qui se primos esse omnium rerum volunt,

class of men, profession, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 15 and 17:

firmi et stabiles et constantes (amici), cujus generis est magna penuria,

Cic. Lael. 17, 62:

saepius genus ejus hominis (sc. procuratoris rei publicae) erit in reliqua nobis oratione tractandum,

id. Rep. 2, 29 fin.; cf.:

genus aliud tyrannorum,

id. ib. 1, 44:

judicum genus et forma,

id. Phil. 5, 5, 13:

istius generis asoti,

id. Fin. 2, 8, 23; cf.:

omnium ejus generis poëtarum haud dubie proximus,

Quint. 10, 1, 85:

liberrimum hominum,

id. 10, 12, 2, § 22:

irritabile vatum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 102:

hoc omne (ambubajarum, etc.),

id. S. 1, 2, 2:

hominum virile, muliebre,

Cic. Inv. 1, 24, 35:

equidem fabulam et fictam rem ducebam esse, virorum omne genus in aliqua insula conjuratione muliebri ab stirpe sublatum esse,

Liv. 34, 2, 3:

cedat consulari generi praetorium,

Cic. Planc. 6, 15:

ad militare genus = ad milites,

Liv. 24, 32, 2:

alia militaris generis turba,

id. 44, 45, 13:

castellani, agreste genus,

id. 34, 27, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.— Sing. with plur. predicate:

Ministrantibus sibi omni genere turpium personarum,

Capitol. Ver. 4.—In plur.:

eorum hominum... genera sunt duo,

Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 1:

tria auditorum,

Quint. 3, 4, 6.— Repeated in the relative-clause:

duo genera semper in hac civitate fuerunt... quibus ex generibus,

Cic. Sest. 45, 96.—In the acc., of description (v. Roby's Gram. 2, p. 42 sq.):

quot et quod genus pastores habendi,

of what kind, Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

quod genus ii sunt, etc.,

Auct. Her. 2, 30, 48; cf. in the foll.—

Of animals, plants, etc.: genus altivolantum, the race of birds, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 84 Vahl.); cf.: genu' pennis condecoratum, id. Fragm. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 59:

lanigerum, id. Fragm. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. Cyprio, p. 59 Müll.: squamigerum,

Lucr. 1, 162; cf.

piscium,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 9:

silvestre,

Lucr. 5, 1411:

omne ferarum,

id. 5, 1338:

acre leonum,

id. 5, 862:

malefici generis plurima animalia,

Sall. J. 17, 6:

diversum confusa genus panthera camelo,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 195:

animantūm propagare genus,

to propagate the race, Lucr. 1, 195:

ad genus faciendum,

Just. 2, 9 fin.:

juxta genus suum,

Vulg. Gen. 1, 11 saep.— Plur.:

quae vero et quam varia genera bestiarum vel cicurum vel ferarum!

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 99:

piscium genera,

Quint. 5, 10, 21.—In the acc., of description:

porticus avibus omne genus oppletae,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 11:

pascuntur omne genus objecto frumento,

id. ib. 3, 6:

boves et id genus pecua,

App. M. 2, p. 115, 4; id. Flor. p. 37. —

Of inanim. and abstr. things, kind, sort, description, class, order, character:

genus ullum materiaï,

Lucr. 2, 304:

cum is (sol) quoque efficiat, ut omnia floreant et in suo quaeque genere pubescant,

Cic. N. D. 2, 15, 41:

naves omni genere armorum ornatissimae,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 2:

cibi genus,

id. ib. 4, 1, 9:

cum omni genere commeatus,

Liv. 30, 36, 2:

frugum,

id. 38, 15, 9:

hoc sphaerae genus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 14:

hoc triplex rerum publicarum genus,

id. ib. 2, 23:

regale civitatis,

id. ib.; cf.:

totum regiae civitatis,

id. ib. 2, 29:

novum imperii,

id. ib. 2, 32:

ipsum istud genus orationis exspecto,

id. ib. 1, 24 fin.; cf.: dulce orationis, id. Or. 13, 42:

qua re esset hoc bellum genere ipso necessarium,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 27; cf.:

genus hoc erat pugnae, quo, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 4:

potestas annua (consulum) genere ipso ac jure regia,

Cic. Rep. 2, 32:

genus vitae... genus aetatis,

id. Off. 1, 32, 117:

optimum emendandi,

Quint. 10, 4, 2:

dicendi,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3; Quint. 8, 3, 56; 12, 10, 69:

simplex rectumque loquendi,

id. 9, 3, 3:

omnis generis tormenta,

Liv. 32, 16, 10:

praeda ingens omnis generis,

id. 27, 5, 9; so,

omnis generis, with tela,

id. 38, 26, 4;

with naves,

id. 34, 8, 5;

with eloquentia,

id. 39, 40, 7, etc.—Repeated in the relative-clause:

erat haec (ratio) ex eodem genere, quod ego maxime genus ex sociorum litteris reperire cupiebam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 183.—In plur.:

Caesar haec genera munitionis instituit,

Caes. B. G. 7, 72, 1:

disserere de generibus et de rationibus civitatum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 11; cf. id. ib. 1, 26;

28: genera juris institutorum, morum consuetudinumque describere,

id. ib. 3, 10:

genera furandi,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 18.—In the acc., of description: omne, hoc, id, quod genus, for omnis, ejus, hujus, cujus generis, of every, of this, of which kind:

sub urbe hortum omne genus, coronamenta omne genus,

Cato, R. R. 8, 2; Varr. R. R. 1, 29, 1:

omne genus simulacra feruntur,

Lucr. 4, 735:

si hoc genus rebus non proficitur,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 23; id. L. L. 9, § 110 Müll.; Lucr. 6, 917 and Hor. S. 2, 6, 44:

in id genus verbis,

Varr. L. L. 10, § 79; 8, 7, 108, § 17:

in id genus libris,

Gell. 3, 8, 1:

scis me ante orationes aut aliquid id genus solitum scribere,

Cic. Att. 13, 12, 3:

vitanda sunt illa, quae propinqua videntur: quod genus, fidentiae contrarium est diffidentia, etc.,

for example, id. Inv. 2, 54, 165; so ib. 2, 52, 157; 2, 54, 162; 2, 57, 172; Lucr. 4, 271; 6, 1058:

lege jus est id quod populi jussu sanctum est, quod genus: ut in jus eas cum voceris,

Auct. Her. 2, 13, 19; cf.

ib. sqq.— In gen.: i. q. res or aliquid: ut in omni genere hujus populi (Graeci) consuetudinem videretur imitatus,

in all respects, in everything, Cic. Rep. 2, 20; cf.:

innumerabiles res sunt, in quibus te quotidie in omni genere desiderem,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 2 fin.:

incredibile est, quam me in omni genere delectarit,

id. Att. 16, 5, 2:

medici assiduitas et tota domus in omni genere diligens,

id. ib. 12, 33, 2;

7, 1, 2: qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est, is ineptus dicitur,

in any respect whatever, id. de Or. 2, 4, 17:

qua de re et de hoc genere toto pauca cognosce,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 4.—Adverb.: in genus, in general, generally:

sermones in genus communes,

Gell. 4, 1 fin. —

In partic.

In philos. lang., opp. partes, and comprising them within itself, a general term, logical genus:

genus est id, quod sui similes communione quadam, specie autem differentes, duas aut plures complectitur partes,

Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 189; cf.: genus est, quod plures partes amplectitur, ut animal;

pars est, quae subest generi, ut equus. Sed saepe eadem res alii genus, alii pars est: nam homo animalis pars est, Thebani aut Trojani genus,

id. de Inv. 1, 22, 32: genus est, quod partes aliquas amplectitur, ut cupiditas;

pars est, quae subest generi, ut cupiditati amor, avaritia,

id. ib. 1, 28, 42; cf.

also: genus est notio ad plures differentias pertinens,

id. Top. 7, 31:

nec vero sine philosophorum disciplina genus et speciem cujusque rei cernere neque eam definiendo explicare nec tribuere in partes possumus, etc.,

id. Or. 4, 16; cf. ib. 33, 117:

formae dicendi specie dispares, genere laudabiles,

id. de Or. 3, 9, 34:

perturbationes sunt genere quatuor, partibus plures,

id. Tusc. 3, 11, 24; cf. ib. 5, 25, 71:

et conjuncta quaeremus, et genera et partes generibus subjectas, et similitudines, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 39, 166;

opp. species and pars,

Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 3.—

In gram., gender: transversi sunt (ordines) qui ab recto casu obliqui declinantur, ut albus, albi, albo;

directi sunt, qui ab recto casu in rectos declinantur, ut albus, alba, album. Transversorum ordinum partes appellantur casus, directorum genera: utrisque inter se implicatis forma,

Varr. L. L. 10, § 22 Müll.:

quod ad verborum temporalium rationem attinet, cum partes sint quatuor: temporum, personarum, generum, divisionum, etc.,

ib. 9, § 95:

in nominibus tria genera,

Quint. 1, 4, 23:

barbarismum fieri per numeros aut genera,

id. 1, 5, [p. 811] 16;

9, 3, 6: in verbis quoque quis est adeo imperitus, ut ignoret genera et qualitates, etc.,

id. 1, 4, 27.

gĕnus, ūs, v. genu.

in-distinctus, a, um, adj. (post-Aug.).

Not properly distinguished, confused:

neque inordinata, neque indistincta,

Quint. 8, 2, 23; Cat. 64, 283: cf.:

indistincta et confusa,

Gell. 13, 30, 5.—

Esp., indistinct, obscure:

vocabulum,

Gell. 10, 20, 9; 13, 30, 5:

defensio,

Tac. A. 6, 8. —

Devoid of display, unambitious, self-restrained:

an non in privatis et acutus et indistinctus et non super modum elatus M. Tullius?

Quint. 12, 10, 39.— Adv.: indistinctē.

Without distinction, indiscriminately: indistincte atque promiscue annotabam, Gell. praef. § 2; Dig. 4, 8, 32, § 6 (for which: sine distinctione, ib. 5, 1, 24, § 2) al.—

Generally, Dig. 40, 9, 3; 26, 1, 4 al.