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1 porta
"door;Tür;Aufnahme;portinhola"* * *f doorporta scorrevole sliding doora porte chiuse behind closed doors* * *porta s.f.1 door: porta secondaria, di servizio, back door; porta principale, front door; porta laterale, side door; apri la porta, ( a tuo padre) open the door (for your father); chi ha lasciato la porta aperta?, who left the door open?; per favore vai ad aprire alla porta, hanno bussato, there was a knock at the door, will you open it please?; chiudere la porta a chiave, to lock the door; chiudere, sbattere la porta (in faccia a qlcu.), to slam the door (in s.o.'s face); andammo da loro ieri, ma trovammo la porta chiusa, yesterday we went to see them, but found nobody at home; era venuto a trovarmi ma mio padre l'ha lasciato sulla porta, he had come to see me but my father left him standing in the doorway (o at the door); mettere qlcu. alla porta, to throw s.o. out; vieni quando vuoi: per te la porta è sempre aperta, come whenever you like, for you the house is always open; quella è la porta!, get out of here!; accompagnare qlcu. alla porta, to see s.o. to the door; andare, mendicare di porta in porta, to go, to beg from door to door // a porte chiuse, behind closed doors, (dir.) in camera: il processo fu tenuto a porte chiuse, the case was heard in camera // il denaro apre tutte le porte, money opens all doors // per lui sono aperte le porte dell'alta società, the doors of high society are open to him // prendere la porta, to make for the door // sfondare una porta aperta, to preach to the converted; guarda che stai sfondando una porta aperta, look! you can save your breath // abitare porta a porta, to live next door to; il signore della porta accanto, the man who lives next door // il vecchio direttore è uscito dalla porta ed è rientrato dalla finestra, the old manager left only to come back through the back door; butti i dubbi fuori dalla porta e loro rientrano dalla finestra, you shrug your doubts off and they begin to creep back // (comm.) porta a porta, door to door: servizio porta a porta, door to door service; venditore, vendita porta a porta, door to door salesman, sale // (mar.) porte stagne, watertight doors // porta a vetri, glass door; porta di soccorso, emergency exit; porta blindata, reinforced door; porta scorrevole, a soffietto, sliding, folding door; porta di sicurezza, escape door; porta finta, blind (o false) door; porta girevole, revolving door2 ( di città, di mura ecc.) gate: le porte di una città, di un tempio, di un castello, the gates of a town, of a temple, of a castle // le porte dell'inferno, the gates of Hell; la Porta Pinciana, the Pincian Gate // fuori (di) porta, on the edge of town: vive fuori porta, he lives just outside the town // il nemico era alle porte, the enemy were at the gates; siamo alle porte dell'inverno, winter is approaching (o drawing close o just round the corner); gli esami sono alle porte, the exams are round the corner3 ( di un mobile) door5 (fis. nucleare) gate8 ( calcio) goal: tirare in porta, to shoot; in porta ci sarà Albertosi, Albertosi will be the goalkeeper (o goalie)9 (di treno, automobile) door: un'auto a quattro porte, a four-door car.* * *['pɔrta]sostantivo femminile1) dooraccompagnare qcn. alla porta — to see o show o usher sb. to the door
chiudere, sbattere la porta in faccia a qcn. — (anche fig.) to slam the door in sb.'s face
a -e aperte — dir. in open court
a -e chiuse — behind closed doors; dir. in camera, in closed court
2) (di città, mura) gateNatale è alle -e — fig. Christmas is just around the corner
3) fig. (mezzo d'accesso) gateway, doorgiocare in porta — to keep goal, to play in goal
tirare in porta — to have o take a shot at goal, to shoot at goal
5) (di veicolo) door6) inform. port•••mettere qcn. alla porta — to show sb. the door
* * *porta/'pɔrta/sostantivo f.1 door; c'è qualcuno alla porta there's someone at the door; accompagnare qcn. alla porta to see o show o usher sb. to the door; chiudere, sbattere la porta in faccia a qcn. (anche fig.) to slam the door in sb.'s face; abitiamo porta a porta we're nextdoor neighbours; vendita porta a porta door-to-door selling; la ragazza della porta accanto the girl next door; a -e aperte dir. in open court; a -e chiuse behind closed doors; dir. in camera, in closed court2 (di città, mura) gate; abitare fuori porta to live just outside town; il nemico è alle -e the enemy is at the gate; Natale è alle -e fig. Christmas is just around the corner3 fig. (mezzo d'accesso) gateway, door4 sport (nello sci) gate; (nel calcio) goal; (nell'hockey) cage; giocare in porta to keep goal, to play in goal; tirare in porta to have o take a shot at goal, to shoot at goal5 (di veicolo) door; un'automobile a quattro -e a four-door car6 inform. portprendere la porta to leave; sfondare una porta aperta to preach to the converted; mettere qcn. alla porta to show sb. the door\porta antincendio fire door; porta girevole revolving door; porta d'ingresso front door; porta scorrevole sliding door; porta di servizio back door; porta a soffietto accordion door; porta a vetri glass door. -
2 πύλη
A one wing of a pair of double gates,ὀλίγον τι παρακλίναντες τὴν ἑτέρην π. Hdt.3.156
: mostly in pl., gates of a town (whereas θύρα = house-door),Σκαιαὶ π. Il.3.145
, etc.;π. εὖ ἀραρυίας 7.339
;πύκα στιβαρῶς ἀραρυίας 12.454
;πεπταμένας ἐν χερσὶ π. ἔχετε 21.531
; ἄνεσάν τε π. καὶ ἀπῶσαν ὀχῆας ib. 537;π. ἀνοῖξαι A.Ag. 604
;π. κλῇσαι Pl.R. 560c
(the Art. is freq. omitted even in Prose): pl. of several gates, A.Th. 125; ἐν πύλαις in or at the gates, ib. 160, 213 (both lyr.), al.; πρὸς πύλαις ib. 377, 457;ἐπὶ ταῖς πύλαισιν, οὗ τὸ τάριχος ὤνιον Ar.Eq. 1247
.2 in Trag. sts. of the house-door,δωμάτων πύλαι A.Ch. 732
, cf. 561; γυναικείους π. gate or door leading to the women's apartments, ib. 878; ;ἐκτὸς αὐλείων πυλῶν Id.Ant.18
: also in sg., ib. 1186, El. 818; of the door of a tent, Id.Aj.11;πύλης ἄναξ θυρωρέ Id.Fr. 775
.3 πύλαι Ἀΐδαο the gates of the nether world, periphr.for hell, Il.5.646,9.312, Od.14.156;Ἅιδου πύλαι A.Ag. 1291
, cf. Ev.Matt.16.18, etc.; alsoσκότου πύλαι E.Hec.1
;νερτέρων π. Id.Hipp. 1447
.4 custom-house, PTeb.5.34 (ii B.C.); τετελώνηται διὰ πύλης has paid the customs, BGU 1592(iii A.D.), etc.;τὸ σύμβολον τῆς ἱερᾶς Συηνιτικῆς π. PStrassb.79.10
(i B.C.);μισθωταὶ ἱερᾶς π. Σοήνης Ostr. 106
(ii A.D.), al., cf. Ostr.Bodl.v C 1 (ii A.D.),II generally, entrance, orifice,ἀμφὶ πύλας ἰσθμοῖο Emp.100.19
;ἀναπεπταμένας ἔχω τῶν ὤτων τὰς π. Ath.4.169a
;πύλας τοῖς ὠσὶν ἐπίθεσθε Pl.Smp. 218b
; ἡλίου πύλαι, Pythag. name for the eyes, D.L.8.29; portal fissure of the liver,π. καὶ δοχαὶ χολῆς E.El. 828
, cf. Hp.Epid. 2.4.1, Anat.1, Pl.Ti. 71c, Arist.HA 496b32, Gal.15.145; portal vein of the liver, Ruf.Onom. 179, Gal.2.785,5.542.b pl., of the carceres in the circus, Aristid.1.124J.c metaph.,πύλας ὕμνων ἀναπιτνάμεν Pi.O.6.27
;ἐπέων π. B.Fr.4
;ἐν πύλαις γήρως D.C.57.24
, cf. 76.7.2 entrance into a country through mountains, pass, Hdt.5.52: hence, Πύλαι, αἱ, the common name for Θερμοπύλαι, the Gates of Greece, Id.7.201, etc.: of other passes,π. τῆς Κιλικίας καὶ τῆς Συρίας X.An.1.4.4
; αἱ Σύριαι π. ib.5; αἱ Κάσπιαι π. Str.11.12.1;π. Λύδιαι Id.13.1.65
; Ἀμανίδες π. Id.14.5.18, 16.2.8 (αἱ Ἀμανικαὶ καλούμεναι Arr.An.2.7.1
): these passes were sometimes really barred by gates, Hdt.7.176, cf. 3.117, 5.52, X. l.c.: the Isthmus is called πόντοιο πύλαι, Pi.N.10.27;Κορίνθου π. Id.O.9.86
;αἱ π. τῆς Πελοποννήσου X.Ages.2.17
; Πέλοπος νάσου θεόδματοι π. B.p.437 J.3 of narrow straits, by which one enters a broad sea, Πύλαι Γαδειρίδες the Straits of Gibraltar, Pi.Fr. 256; ἐπ' αὐταῖς στενοπόροις λίμνης π., of the Thracian Bosporus, A.Pr. 729; ἐν πύλαις, of the Euripus, E.IA 803. -
3 अपगोपुर
apa-gopuramfn. without gates (as a town)
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4 दृढतोरणार्गल
dṛiḍha-toraṇâ̱rgalamfn. having the bars of the gates firmly fastened (town) R. I, 6, 26.
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5 portalero
m.an officer who has the charge of preventing smuggling, receiving the duties, etc., at the gates of a town. -
6 sortie
sortie [sɔʀti]1. feminine nouna. ( = action, moment) [de personne] exit ; [de véhicule, bateau] departure ; (Military) ( = mission) sortie ; (Theatre) exit• à sa sortie, tous se sont tus when he went out everybody fell silent• les sauveteurs ont fait 30 sorties en mer cette semaine the lifeboatmen were called out 30 times this week• à la sortie des bureaux/théâtres when the offices/theatres come out• sa mère l'attend tous les jours à la sortie de l'école his mother waits for him every day after school• à sa sortie de prison when he comes (or came) out of prisonb. ( = fin) endc. ( = promenade) outing ; (le soir: au théâtre, au cinéma etc) evening out• il est de sortie [soldat, domestique] it's his day off• sortie éducative or scolaire (School) field tripd. ( = lieu) exit• « sortie de camions » "vehicle exit"• par ici la sortie ! this way out!e. ( = remarque drôle) sally ; ( = remarque incongrue) peculiar remarkf. ( = mise en vente) [de voiture, modèle] launching ; [de livre] publication ; [de disque, film] releaseg. [de marchandises, devises] exporth. ( = somme dépensée) item of expenditure• faire une sortie [gardien de but] to come out of goal2. compounds* * *sɔʀti1) ( lieu) exitprenez la première sortie — ( sur une route) take the first exit
‘sortie’ — ( sur un panneau) ‘exit’, ‘way out’ GB
à la sortie de la ville — ( extra-muros) on the outskirts of the town; ( intra-muros) on the edge of the town
2) ( moment)à ma sortie du tribunal/de l'armée — when I left the court/the army
sa femme l'attendait à sa sortie de prison — his wife was waiting for him when he came out of prison
l'heure de la sortie — École home time; ( du travail) knocking-off (colloq) time
3) ( départ)faire une sortie fracassante — [personne] to make a dramatic exit
4) ( activité) gén outingce soir, c'est mon soir de sortie — tonight is my night out
5) ( commercialisation) ( de nouveau modèle) launching [U]; (de film, disque) release; ( de livre) publication; ( de collection) showing; ( de nouveau journal) publication6) (colloq) ( déclaration) remark7) Électrotechnique, Informatique outputsortie sur imprimante — ( processus) printing
sortie laser — ( processus) hardcopy laser output; ( feuille imprimée) laser hardcopy
•Phrasal Verbs:* * *sɔʀti nf1) (= issue) way out, exit"sortie de camions" — "vehicle exit"
à sa sortie, elle... — as she left, she...
à sa sortie, il... — as she left, he...
à la sortie de l'école/l'usine (moment) — after school/work, when school/the factory comes out
Attends-moi à la sortie de l'école. — Meet me after school., (lieu) at the school/factory gates
faire une fausse sortie lit, fig — to make a stage exit
3) [gaz, eau] outlet4) (= promenade) outing, (le soir) night out5) MILITAIRE sortie6) fig (verbale: colère, indignation) outburst, (= trait d'esprit) sally, (parole incongrue) odd remarkÀ la sortie du nouveau modèle, les commandes ont afflué. — When the new model came out, orders poured in for it.
8) [capitaux] outflow9) COMMERCE (= somme) item of expendituredes sorties — items of expenditure, outgoings
10) INFORMATIQUE, [données] output11) [imprimante] hard copy, printout* * *sortie nf1 ( lieu) exit; la sortie est à gauche the exit is to the left; je t'attendrai à la sortie I'll wait for you outside (the building); prenez la première sortie ( sur une route) take the first exit; ‘sortie’ ( sur un panneau) ‘exit’, ‘way out’ GB; trouver la sortie ( de l'intérieur) to find one's way out; la sortie est indiquée par une flèche the exit ou way out GB is shown by an arrow; raccompagner qn jusqu'à la sortie to see sb out; à la sortie de la ville ( extra-muros) on the outskirts of the town; ( intra-muros) on the edge of the town; à la sortie ouest de la ville on the western edge of the town; les sorties de Paris sont encombrées the roads out of Paris are busy; surveiller la sortie des écoles to patrol the school gates; à la sortie du canal de Suez at the mouth of the Suez canal;2 ( moment) à ma sortie du tribunal/de l'armée/de la réunion when I left the court/the army/the meeting; sa femme l'attendait à sa sortie de prison his wife was waiting for him when he came out of prison; depuis ma sortie de prison since I came out of prison; à leur sortie d'hôpital when they came out of hospital; prendre ses enfants à la sortie de l'école to pick the children up after school; se retrouver à la sortie de l'école/du théâtre to meet after school/the play; mendier à la sortie des cinémas/églises to beg outside cinemas/churches; être arrêté à sa sortie du territoire to be arrested as one is leaving the country; six mois après leur sortie de l'université six months after they left college; à la sortie de l'hiver at the end of winter; sortie des usines/bureaux/magasins knocking-off○ time; à la sortie des usines/bureaux/magasins when the factories/offices/shops GB ou stores US turn out GB ou lock up US; l'heure de la sortie Scol home time; Entr knocking-off○ time;3 ( départ) faire une sortie fracassante/remarquée [personne] to make a sensational/conspicuous exit; je suis las de tes entrées et sorties continuelles I'm tired of your constant comings and goings; sortie d'un navire departure of a boat; la sortie de la récession/crise the end of the recession/crisis; la sortie de la livre hors du SME the withdrawal of the pound from the ERM; la sortie des Républiques hors de l'union the republics' withdrawal from the union; le droit à la libre sortie du territoire the right to travel freely abroad; être interdit de sortie (du territoire) to be forbidden to leave the country; jusqu'à la sortie du ventre maternel until the moment of birth;4 ( activité) gén outing; économiser sur les sorties to cut down on outings; faire une sortie to go on an outing; être de sortie○ [élèves] to be on an outing; faire une sortie avec l'école to go on a school outing; sortie à la campagne outing to the country; ce soir, c'est mon soir de sortie tonight is my evening out; le samedi est mon jour de sortie Saturday is my day out; c'est la sortie du samedi soir it's Saturday night out; priver qn de sortie to forbid sb to go out; première sortie d'un convalescent a convalescent's first time out; le patron est de sortie○ the boss is out; première sortie en coupe du monde Sport first game in the world cup;5 ( commercialisation) ( de nouveau modèle) launching ¢; (de film, disque) release; ( de livre) publication; ( de collection) presentation; ( de nouveau journal) publication; le film/livre a été interdit dès sa sortie the film/book was banned as soon as it came out; lors de la sortie parisienne du film when the film was released in Paris; la sortie du journal est à six heures the newspaper comes out at six o'clock; le numéro a été entièrement vendu dès sa sortie the issue sold out as soon as it went on sale;6 ○( déclaration) remark; faire une sortie désagréable to make a nasty remark;7 Électron, Électrotech, Ordinat output; données de sortie output data; puissance de sortie output power; signal de sortie output signal; sortie sur imprimante ( processus) printing; faire une sortie sur imprimante to print; sortie laser ( processus) hardcopy laser output; ( feuille imprimée) laser hardcopy;9 Théât ( d'acteur) sortie (de scène) exit; il a été applaudi à sa sortie (de scène) he was applauded as he left the stage; rater○ sa sortie to fluff○ one's exit; ⇒ faux;13 Écon ( de marchandises) export;14 Tech ( orifice) outlet; sortie des gaz d'échappement ( processus) discharge of exhaust gases; sortie des eaux usées ( emplacement) sewage outfall; ( processus) discharge of sewage.sortie des artistes Théât stage-door; sortie d'autoroute exit; sortie de bain Mode bathrobe; être en sortie de bain to be wearing a bathrobe; sortie de but ( au football) goal-kick; sortie en corner corner; ‘sortie d'école’ ( sur un panneau) ‘school’; sortie éducative field trip; sortie dans l'espace spacewalk; faire une sortie dans l'espace to walk in space; sortie de mêlée ( au rugby) heel-out; sortie scolaire ( d'un jour) school outing; ( de plus d'un jour) school trip; sortie en touche ( au football) throw-in; sortie (en touche) pour Pau Pau throw-in; ‘sortie de véhicules’ ( sur un panneau) ‘vehicle exit’.je t'attends or tu vas voir à la sortie○! I'll get you outside![sɔrti] nom féminin1. [action] exitsa sortie fut très remarquée her exit ou departure did not go unnoticed2. [moment]à ma sortie de prison/d'hôpital when I come (ou came) out of prison/hospital, on my release from prison/discharge from hospitalles journalistes l'ont assaillie dès sa sortie de l'hôtel the journalists thronged round her as soon as she stepped ou came out of the hotelà la sortie des bureaux/usines, la circulation est infernale when the offices/factories come out, the traffic is hellretrouvons-nous à la sortie du travail/spectacle let's meet after work/the showil s'est retourné à la sortie du virage he rolled (his car) over just after ou as he came out of the bend3. [fin] endà ma sortie de l'école [à la fin de mes études] when I left school4. [excursion, promenade] outing[soirée en ville] evening ou night outon a organisé une petite sortie en famille/à vélo we've organized a little family outing/cycle ridesortie éducative ou scolaire school outingles pompiers font jusqu'à vingt sorties par semaine the firemen are called out up to twenty times a weekpar ici la sortie! this way out, please!‘attention, sortie de garage/véhicules’ ‘caution, garage entrance/vehicle exit’7. [sur route] exit[de capital] outflow[sujet de dépense] item of expenditure[dépense] outgoing9. [d'un disque, d'un film] release[d'un roman] publication[d'un modèle] launch[option sur programme] exit11. SPORT [aux jeux de ballon]sortie en touche going out of play ou into touchfaire une sortie [gardien de but] to come out of goal, to leave the goalmouth[en gymnastique] exit12. [d'un cheval] outing[emportement] outburst15. IMPRIMERIE [des presses] delivery————————de sortie locution adjectivalec'est son jour de sortie [d'un domestique] it's his/her day offêtre de sortie [domestique] to have one's day off -
7 πύλη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `wing of a door, gate', mostly in plur. `door, gate', esp. of town-gates, gates of an camp a. the like (Il.); `entrance, access, bottleneck etc.', also as PlN (Pi., Emp., IA.).Compounds: Several compp., e.g. πυλ-άρτης m. `gate-closer', adjunct of Hades, also as PN (Hom.), to ἀρ- in ἀραρίσκω (s.v.) with univerbating τη-suffix (Bechtel Lex. s.v., Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1. 31 w. n. 2); πυλ-ωρός, ep. πυλᾰ-ωρός, Hdt. πυλ-ουρός, H. πυλ-αυρός (Dor.), - ευρός (Ion.) `gate-keeper, guard' (Il.); on the comp.vowel and 2. member s. on ὁράω and Schwyzer 438, Leumann Hom. Wörter 223 n. 20: 2c, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 161; ἑπτά-πυλος `with seven gates' (ep. lyr. Il.); PlN Θερμο-πύλαι pl. (Simon., Hdt. etc.); the Att. orator a.o. for it Πύλαι, cf. Risch IF 59, 267.Derivatives: 1. Dimin. πυλ-ίς, - ίδος f. (IA.); 2. - ώματα pl. n. `gate' (A, E.; cf. Sommer Zum Zahlwort 9 n.1), formal enlargement (Chantraine Form. 186f.); 3. - εών (sp.), - ών (Arist., hell.). -( ε)ῶνος m. `gate-space, gateway, gate-building'; 4. Πυλ-ᾶτις, - ιδος f. `belonging to Πύλαι' (S. in lyr.), -αϊ̃τις, - ιδος f. `belonging to a gate' (Lyc. 356; for Πυλᾶτις?; cf. Redard 10 a. 212). 5. πυλαῖος `belonging to a gate' (late), `belonging to Πύλαι' (Demeter; Call.); PN Πύλαιος (Β842); Πυλαία, - ίη f. adjunct of the amphictyonian meeting in Πύλαι (IA.); from it Πυλαιασταί m. pl. prop. *"members of Πυλαία" (on the formation Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 175ff.; hardly correct Bechtel Dial. 2, 655), metaph. `mountebank, liar' (Phot., Suid.; Rhod. after H.); prob. also πυλαϊκός `conjurer-like' (late). 6. Denom. verb πυλ-όομαι, - όω `to be(come) provided with gates' (Ar., X.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: As opposed to the inherited θύρα without etymology; so prob. technical LW [loanword] like many other expressions of architecture (e.g. μέγαρον; s. also Schwyzer 62). Vain attempts at interpretation in Bq (rejected). -- So prob. Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,623-624Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πύλη
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8 πύλη
-ης + ἡ N 1 23-88-153-76-33=373 Gn 19,1; 28,17; 34,20.24; 38,14gate (of a town) Gn 19,1; id. (of a camp) Ex 32,26; id. (of a prison) Ps 106(107),16; door Ex 27,16; gate (consisting of two wings, doors) 1 Sm 21,14; gate, gate-house, gateway Ez 8,3; opening, entrance (of a womb) Jb 3,10; gate (metaph.) Ps 117(118),19; αἱ πύλαι gates Gn 38,14ἐν πύλαις in or at the gates, in a public place Prv 22,22 *Ez 40,32 τὴν πύλην the gate-ערשׁה or corr. τὴν αὐλήν for MT החצר the court, see also 42,1; *2 Kgs 7,10 πρὸς τὴν πύλην towards the gate-ַערשַׁ ֵאל־ for MT ֵֹערשֶׁאל־ to the gatekeeper, see also 2 Sm 18,26, 1 Chr 9,18.24.26, 26,1.12, 2 Chr 23,4; *DnLXX 8,2 τῇ πύλῃ (by) the gate-אבולא (Aram.) for MT אובל river, canal, see also 8,3.6→NIDNTT; TWNT -
9 sobre
prep.1 on, above, on top of, onto.Un libro sobre el cáncer de pulmón A book on lung cancer...2 on, about, over, referring to.3 on.Un libro sobre el cáncer de pulmón A book on lung cancer...m.envelope.pres.subj.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: sobrar.* * *1 (encima) on, upon, on top of2 (por encima) over, above3 (acerca de) about, on4 (alrededor de) about, around5 (superioridad en rango) over6 figurado (indica reiteración) upon, after1 (de correo) envelope2 (de sopa etc) packet\irse al sobre familiar to hit the sacksobre manera exceedinglysobre todo above all, especially* * *1. noun m.1) envelope2) packet2. prep.1) on, upon, on top of2) over3) about•* * *ISM1) [para cartas] envelopesobre de paga, sobre de pago — pay packet
2) ** (=cama) bedmeterse en el sobre — to hit the sack *, hit the hay *
3) LAm (=cartera) handbagIIPREP1) (=encima de) onun puente sobre el río Ebro — a bridge across o over the river Ebro
varios policías se abalanzaron sobre él — several policemen jumped on o fell upon him
la responsabilidad que recae sobre sus hombros — the responsibility which rests on o upon his shoulders
tengo que estar sobre él para que lo haga — I have to stand over him to make him do it, I have to keep a constant watch over him to make sure he does it
2) (=por encima de)a) [+ lugar] overb) [con cantidades] above500 metros sobre el nivel del mar — 500 metres o (EEUU) meters above sea level
3) [indicando superioridad] overtiene muchas ventajas sobre los métodos convencionales — it has many advantages over conventional methods
4) [indicando proporción] out of, intres sobre cien — three out of every hundred, three in a hundred
cuatro personas sobre diez no votarían — four out of ten people would not vote, four in every ten people would not vote
5) (Econ) onun aumento sobre el año pasado — an increase on o over last year
6) (=aproximadamente) aboutocupa sobre 20 páginas — it fills about 20 pages, it occupies roughly 20 pages
7) (=acerca de) about, onun libro sobre Tirso — a book about o on Tirso
8) (=además de) in addition to, on top of9)sobre todo — (=en primer lugar) above all; (=especialmente) especially
sobre todo, no perdamos la calma — above all, let's keep calm
* * *I1)a) (Corresp) envelopesobre aéreo or (de) vía aérea — airmail envelope
b) ( envase)un sobre de sopa — a package of soup (AmE), a packet of soup (BrE)
2) (AmL) ( cartera) clutch bagII1) ( indicando posición)a) ( con contacto)letras en azul sobre (un) fondo blanco — blue letters on o upon a white background
b) ( sin contacto) overen el techo justo sobre la mesa — on the ceiling right above o over the table
4.000 metros sobre el nivel del mar — 4,000 meters above sea level
estar sobre alguien — ( vigilar) to check up on somebody
c) ( alrededor de) on3)a) (en relaciones de efecto, derivación, etc) onb) (Com, Fin) onun incremento del 11% sobre los precios del año pasado — an increase of 11% on o over last year's prices
4) ( acerca de) onlegislación sobre impuestos — tax legislation, legislation on taxes
escribió sobre el espinoso tema de... — she wrote on o about the thorny topic of...
5) (Esp) (con cantidades, fechas, horas) around, about (BrE)sobre unos 70 kilos — around o about 70 kilos
6)* * *I1)a) (Corresp) envelopesobre aéreo or (de) vía aérea — airmail envelope
b) ( envase)un sobre de sopa — a package of soup (AmE), a packet of soup (BrE)
2) (AmL) ( cartera) clutch bagII1) ( indicando posición)a) ( con contacto)letras en azul sobre (un) fondo blanco — blue letters on o upon a white background
b) ( sin contacto) overen el techo justo sobre la mesa — on the ceiling right above o over the table
4.000 metros sobre el nivel del mar — 4,000 meters above sea level
estar sobre alguien — ( vigilar) to check up on somebody
c) ( alrededor de) on3)a) (en relaciones de efecto, derivación, etc) onb) (Com, Fin) onun incremento del 11% sobre los precios del año pasado — an increase of 11% on o over last year's prices
4) ( acerca de) onlegislación sobre impuestos — tax legislation, legislation on taxes
escribió sobre el espinoso tema de... — she wrote on o about the thorny topic of...
5) (Esp) (con cantidades, fechas, horas) around, about (BrE)sobre unos 70 kilos — around o about 70 kilos
6)* * *sobre11 = envelope.Ex: A jacket or sleeve is a protective envelope for a sound disc, made of cardboard or paper.
* licencia en sobre hermético = shrink-wrap licence [shrinkwrap licence], shrink-wrapped licence [shrinkwrapped licence].* poner la dirección en un sobre = address + envelope.* sobre acolchado = jiffy bag.* sobre acolchado con burbujas de plástico = bubble bag.* sobre para el control del préstamo = slip holder pocket.* sopa de sobre = instant soup, packet soup.sobre2= about, on, on top of, onto, over, surrounding, the way in which, upon, atop.Ex: His report contains sufficient information about a set of events and the people involved to allow for careful, systematic investigation.
Ex: Efforts are being made in the direction of an international consensus on the definition and treatment of corporate authorship.Ex: Cards are superimposed, one on top of another, and carefully aligned.Ex: When one is in place, the depression of a lever causes it to be photographed onto the next blank space.Ex: The conventional name of a government is the geographic name of the area over which the government has jurisdiction.Ex: This section, then, will review the basic problems surrounding the choice of form of headings for persons.Ex: Recommendations relating to analytical cataloguing practices concern themselves primarily with the way in which the part of a document or work to be accessed is described.Ex: Taube's original system relied upon 'uniterms' or one concept terms.Ex: In Paris, the liberty cap atop the pike became an important icon aimed against the fading tyranny of the ancien regime.* sobre ascuas = in suspense.* sobre base de arena = sand-based.* sobre + Cantidad = around + Cantidad.* sobre disco = ondisc.* sobre el automóvil = automotive.* sobre ello = thereupon [thereon].* sobre el papel = in intent, nominally.* sobre el que se están haciendo averiguaciones = under investigation.* sobre el terreno = on the ground.* sobre esta base = on this basis, on that basis.* a partir de esto = on that basis.* sobre forro de tela = cloth-backed.* sobre la base de = in relation to, on the usual basis.* sobre la comedia = comedic.* sobre la marcha = on-the-fly, off the top of + Posesivo + head, right off the bat, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, while-you-wait [while-u-wait], straight away, as you go, right away, at once.* sobre la superficie = above ground.* sobre la tierra = on earth, on the face of the earth, on the ground.* sobre los glaciares = glaciological.* sobre museos = museum-based.* sobre ruedas = on wheels, roll-out, without a hitch.* sobre suelo firme = on firm footing.* sobre todas las cosas = above all things.* sobre todo = above all, above everything else, overwhelmingly, in particular, above all things.* Verbo + sobre todo = Verbo + the most.* y sobre todo = and worst of all.* * *A1 ( Corresp) envelopesobre aéreo or (de) vía aérea airmail envelopesobre de ventanilla window envelope2B ( arg)irse al sobre to hit the sack o the hay ( colloq)1(cuando hay contacto): lo dejé sobre la mesa I left it on the tablelos fue poniendo uno sobre otro she placed them one on top of the othervestía chaqueta a or de cuadros sobre una camisa blanca he wore a checked jacket over a white shirtletras en azul sobre un fondo blanco blue letters on o upon a white backgroundla lluvia que cayó sobre Quito the rain that fell on Quitoprestar juramento sobre los Santos Evangelios to swear on the Holy Biblela población está sobre el Paraná the town is on the Paraná riverse abalanzaron sobre él they leapt on himestamos sobre su pista we're on their trail2 (cuando no hay contacto) overvolaremos sobre Santiago we shall be flying over Santiagose inclinó sobre su lecho de enfermo she leaned o bent over his sick beden el techo justo sobre la mesa on the ceiling right above o over the table4.000 metros sobre el nivel del mar 4,000 meters above sea levelestar sobre algn to check up on sbestá constantemente sobre ella para que estudie he has to keep checking up on her to make sure she studies3 (alrededor de) ongira sobre su eje it spins on its axis4 ( Mat):X/y (en ecuaciones) (read as: x sobre y) X/y (léase: x over y)18/20 (calificación) (read as: 18 sobre 20) 18/20 (léase: 18 out of 20)B(en relaciones de jerarquía): sobre estos representantes tenemos al jefe de zona above these representatives we have the area headsu victoria sobre el equipo local their victory over the local teamamar a Dios sobre todas las cosas love God above all elseC1 (en relaciones de efecto, derivación, etc) onhan tenido mucha influencia sobre él they have had a great influence on himuna opereta sobre libreto de Sierra an operetta with libretto by Sierraun nuevo impuesto sobre las importaciones a new tax on importsun incremento del 11% sobre los precios del año pasado an increase of 11% on o over last year's pricesla hipoteca que pesa sobre la casa the mortgage on the houseprestan dinero sobre alhajas they lend money on jewelrycheque sobre Buenos Aires check payable in Buenos Airescheque girado sobre el Banco de Córdoba check drawn on the Banco de CórdobaD (acerca de) onlegislación sobre impuestos tax legislation, legislation on taxesexisten muchos libros sobre el tema there are many books on the subjectescribió sobre el espinoso tema de … she wrote on o about the thorny topic of …E1(próximo a): el ejército está sobre la ciudad the army is at the gates of the cityllegué muy sobre la hora ( AmS); I only arrived a short time beforehanddebe pesar sobre los 70 kilos he must weigh around o about 70 kilosFsobre todo above alltuvo mucho éxito, sobre todo entre la juventud it was very successful, above all o particularly o especially among young peopleaumentan las presiones políticas, sociales y, sobre todo, económicas the political, social and, above all, economic pressures are growing* * *
Del verbo sobrar: ( conjugate sobrar)
sobré es:
1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo
sobre es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
sobrar
sobre
sobre-
sobrar ( conjugate sobrar) verbo intransitivoa) (quedar, restar):
¿te ha sobrado dinero? do you have any money left?b) ( estar de más):◊ ya veo que sobro aquí I can see I'm not wanted/needed here;
a mí no me sobra el dinero I don't have money to throw around (colloq);
sobra un cubierto there's an extra place
sobre sustantivo masculino
1 (Corresp) envelope
2 (AmL) ( cartera) clutch bag
■ preposición
1 ( indicando posición)
los puso uno sobre otro she placed them one on top of the other;
estamos sobre su pista we're on their trail
en el techo, justo sobre la mesa on the ceiling right above o over the table;
4.000 metros sobre el nivel del mar 4,000 meters above sea level
2 ( en relaciones de jerarquía):
3 ( acerca de) on;◊ hay muchos libros sobre el tema there are many books on o about the subject
4 (Esp) (con cantidades, fechas, horas) around, about (BrE);◊ sobre unos 70 kilos around o about 70 kilos
5
sobrar verbo intransitivo
1 (quedar) to be left (over): si sobra tela hago un cojín, if there's any fabric left, I'll make a cushion
2 (haber en exceso) to be more than enough: nos sobra espacio para ponerlo, we have plenty of room to put it
3 (estar de más, ser innecesario) su marido sobraba en aquella reunión, her husband wasn't wanted at that meeting
sobran las disculpas, there is no need for you to apologize
sobre 1 sustantivo masculino
1 (para meter papeles, cartas) envelope
2 (para sopa) packet
(para medicina, etc) sachet
3 fam hum bed
ir al sobre, to go to bed
sobre 2 preposición
1 (encima de) on, upon, on top of: se puso un chal sobre los hombros, she put a shawl over her shoulders
toda la responsabilidad recae sobre él, the entire responsibility falls on him
2 (por encima) over, above
3 (en torno a, hacia) about: llamaron sobre las seis, they phoned at about six o'clock
4 (a propósito de) about, on: hablaremos sobre ello, we'll talk about it
un libro sobre Napoleón, a book on Napoleón
5 (además de) upon
6 (para indicar el objeto de la acción) ejerce mucha influencia sobre él, he has a lot of influence on him
♦ Locuciones: sobre todo, above all
sobre- pref super-, over-
' sobre' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abalanzarse
- abatirse
- absoluta
- absoluto
- acometer
- acumularse
- advertir
- alertar
- antediluviana
- antediluviano
- ascendiente
- ascua
- aviso
- cábala
- caballería
- carta
- cerrar
- charla
- conferencia
- conversar
- copete
- curso
- dato
- derramar
- descargar
- desconocimiento
- deslizarse
- dictaminar
- discusión
- discutir
- disertar
- dispar
- disputar
- documentación
- documentarse
- elevarse
- en
- encima
- encogerse
- entrañas
- especialmente
- estabilizador
- estabilizadora
- estándar
- estimativa
- estimativo
- eurócrata
- extendida
- extendido
- fantasma
English:
about
- above
- act on
- aerial
- alive
- all
- array
- article
- assert
- background
- balance
- basis
- bear down on
- bob
- brain
- bridge
- call
- capital gains tax
- card
- cast
- chiefly
- client
- comfortably
- concise
- confer
- consult
- contention
- converse
- credit bureau
- dab
- dark
- deal with
- debate
- deduction
- definition
- deliberate
- denunciation
- develop
- diary
- differ
- discuss
- dispute
- disseminate
- dissertation
- dive
- double back
- dubious
- enclose
- enclosure
- enlarge
* * *sobre1 nm1. [para cartas] envelope2. [para alimentos, medicamentos] sachet, packet4. Am [bolsa] clutch bag♦ prep1. [encima de] on (top of);el libro está sobre la mesa the book is on (top of) the table;aún hay nieve sobre las montañas there's still snow on the mountains;fui apilando las tejas una sobre otra I piled the tiles up one on top of the other;una cruz roja sobre fondo blanco a red cross on o against a white background;varios policías saltaron sobre él several policemen fell upon him;seguimos sobre su pista we're still on her trail;Andes, RPsobre la hora: ¿tomamos algo antes de que subas al tren? – imposible, ya estoy sobre la hora shall we have a bite to eat before you catch the train? – I can't, I'm already tight for time;llegamos muy sobre la hora we arrived with very little time to spare2. [por encima de] over, above;el puente sobre la bahía the bridge across o over the bay;en estos momentos volamos sobre la isla de Pascua we are currently flying over Easter Island;la catedral destaca sobre los demás edificios the cathedral stands out over o above the other buildings;a 3.000 metros sobre el nivel del mar 3,000 metres above sea level3. [en torno a] on;la Tierra gira sobre sí misma the Earth revolves on its own axis4. [indica superioridad]su opinión está sobre las de los demás his opinion is more important than that of the others;una victoria sobre alguien a win over sbtiene muchas ventajas sobre el antiguo modelo it has a lot of advantages over the old model;su efecto sobre la quemadura es inmediato its effect on the burn is immediate;no tienen influencia sobre ellos they have no influence over them6. [acerca de] about, on;discuten sobre política they are arguing about politics;un libro sobre el amor a book about o on love;una conferencia sobre el desarme a conference on disarmament7. [aproximadamente] about;llegarán sobre las diez/sobre el jueves they'll arrive at about ten o'clock/around Thursday;tiene sobre los veinte años she's about twenty;los solicitantes deben de ser sobre dos mil there must be about two thousand applicants8. [indica acumulación] upon;nos contó mentira sobre mentira he told us lie upon lie o one lie after another9. [indica inminencia] upon;la desgracia estaba ya sobre nosotros the disaster was already upon us♦ sobre todo loc advabove all;afectó sobre todo a la industria turística it particularly affected the tourist industry;y, sobre todo, no le digas nada a ella and, above all, don't say anything to her* * *I m envelope;sopa de sobre packet soupII prp1 on;sobre la mesa on the table2 ( acerca de):sobre esto about this3 ( alrededor de):sobre las tres around three o’clock4:sobre todo above all, especially* * *sobre nm1) : envelope2) : packetun sobre de sazón: a packet of seasoningsobre prep1) : on, on top ofsobre la mesa: on the table2) : over, above3) : about¿tiene libros sobre Bolivia?: do you have books on Bolivia?4)sobre todo : especially, above all* * *sobre1 n1. (para carta) envelope2. (envoltorio) packet3. (envoltorio pequeño) sachetsobre2 prep1. (encima de) on2. (por encima de) over3. (acerca de, alrededor de) aboutsobre todo above all / especially -
10 выезжать
1. выехать (из)1. leave* (d.)выезжать из города — leave* the town
выезжать на дачу, в деревню — go* to the country, go* out of town
выезжать из ворот — go* / come* out of the gates
выезжать верхом — ride* out
выезжать в экипаже, автомобиле — drive* out
выезжать за границу — go* abroad
выезжать в свет уст. — go* out
2. ( переезжать на другую квартиру) move (from)♢
выезжать на ком-л. — make* use of smb., exploit smb.2. выездить (вн.; о лошади)выезжать на чём-л. — turn smth. to account, profit by smth., make* capital of smth.
break* (in) (a horse), train (horses) -
11 सोमनाथ
sóma-nātham. N. of various scholars Cat. Col.;
n. N. of a celebrated Liṇga of Ṡiva andᅠ of the place where it was set up by the god Soma (in the town described below;
it was one of the 12 great Liṇga temples of India held in especial veneration <cf. IW. 322 n. 1 >,
oiand was so famed for its splendour andᅠ wealth that it attracted the celebrated Mahmūd of Ghaznī, A.D. 1024, who, under pretext of destroying its idols, carried off its treasures along with its renowned gates) Vcar. Vop. Cat. Col. etc.. ;
- tīrtha n. N. of a Tīrtha Cat. ;
- dīkshita m. N. of an author ib. ;
- dīkshitīya n. N. of wk.;
- paṭṭana n. (= - pattana) Cat. ;
- paṇḍita m. N. of an author ib. ;
- pattana n. N. of a town on the western coast of India (commonly called Somnath Pattan in Kāthiāwār, celebrated for the Ṡiva temple above described) MW. ;
- praṡasti f. N. of wk.;
- bhaṭṭa m. N. of various authors Cat. ;
- bhāshya n. N. of wk.;
- mahā-pātra n. N. of an author Cat. ;
- rasa m. a partic. preparation of iron L.
-
12 usque
usquĕ, adv. [us- for ubs-, from ubi with locative s; and que for qued, old abl. of quis; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 471; 838; cf.: quisque, usquam].I.Lit., all the way to or from any limit of space, time, etc. (cf.: fine, tenus); of place, all the way, right on, without interruption, continuously, constantly.A.With prepositions.1.With ab:2.qui a fundamento mihi usque movisti mare,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 55:usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,
Cic. Clu. 68, 192:ex omnibus spectaculis usque a Capitolio plausus excitatus,
id. Sest. 58, 124:usque a rubro mari,
Nep. Hann. 2, 1.— Poet.:Dardaniam Siculo prospexit ab usque Pachyno,
Verg. A. 7, 289 (sometimes as one word, v. abusque).—With ex:3.usque ex ultimā Syriā atque Aegypto navigare,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 60, § 157. —With ad:4.usque a Dianio ad Sinopen navigaverunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87:ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,
id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:usque ad Iconium,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 4:ab Atticā ad Thessaliam usque,
Plin. 4, 12, 21, § 63:usque ad Numantiam misit,
Cic. Dejot. 7, 19:usque ad castra hostium accessit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 51 ( poet. and post-Aug. ad usque; often as one word, v. adusque).—With in and acc.:5.cum ad eum usque in Pamphyliam legatos misissent,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:portūs usque in sinūs oppidis et ad urbis crepidines infusi,
id. Rep. 3, 31, 43.—With trans:6. B.trans Alpes usque transfertur,
Cic. Quint. 3, 12.—With adverbs of place:2.quod eos usque istinc exauditos putem,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 4.—Esp., with quaque (less correctly as one word, usquequaque; v. II. A. 3. e. and II. B. 3. infra), everywhere: non usque quaque idoneum invenias locum, ubi, etc., Afran. ap. Non. p. 518, 6 (Com. Rel. v. 198 Rib.):C. 1.immo vero, quom usquequaque umbra'st, tamen Sol semper hic est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 79:mari terrāque illas usque quaque quaeritat,
id. Poen. prol. 105:aut undique religionem tolle, aut usque quaque conserva,
Cic. Phil. 2, 43, 110:effugere non est, Flacce, basiatores. Instant... occurrunt, et hinc et illinc, usquequaque, quacunque,
Mart. 11, 98, 3; cf.:QVAQVE VSQVE,
Inscr. Grut. 611, 13.—With names of towns (class.; acc. to Reisig. Vorles. p. 216, usque ad Numantiam means all the way to the town, i. e. to its walls or gates: usque Numantiam, all the way to or into it, implying entrance of the town; cf.2.the passages cited infra): theatrum ita resonans, ut usque Romam significationes vocesque referantur,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 14, § 42:Miletum usque? obsecro,
Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 21.—With other names than those of towns (post-Aug.):II.ab hac (sc. Siciliā) Cretam usque Siculum (mare) vocat,
Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75:imperium usque extremos Orientis terminos prolatum,
Just. 7, 1, 4:terminos usque Libyae,
id. 1, 1, 5:ab Atticā Thessaliam usque,
Plin. 4, 12, 21, § 63:ab eo usque Jovem,
id. 2, 22, 20, § 84:horrendus ab astris Descendit vos usque fragor,
Stat. Th. 11, 89.—Meton.A.Of time, all the time, continually, perpetually, all the while from or to a period, as long or as far as, until.1.With prepositions.a.With ab:b.mihi magna cum eo jam inde usque a pueritiā Fuit semper familiaritas,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9:primus esses memoriter Progeniem nostram usque ab avo proferens,
id. Phorm. 2, 3, 48:augures omnes usque a Romulo,
Cic. Vatin. 8, 20:opinio jam usque ab heroicis ducta temporibus,
from as far back as the heroic ages, id. Div. 1, 1, 1:usque a Thale Milesio,
id. N. D. 1, 33, 91:bona paterna et avita et usque a nobis repetita,
id. Cael. 14, 34.—With ad:2.usque a mane ad vesperum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97:a mane ad noctem usque in foro dego diem,
id. Most. 3, 1, 3:inde usque ad diurnam stellam crastinam potabimus,
id. Men. 1, 2, 62; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:ille nihil difficilius esse dicebat, quam amicitiam usque ad extremum vitae diem permanere,
id. Lael. 10, 33:deinceps retro usque ad Romulum,
as far as, up to, id. Rep. 1, 37, 58.—With acc. (post-Aug.):3.paucae, aegre se defen dentes, usque tempora Alexandri Magni duraverunt,
Just. 2, 4, 32:a rege Romulo usque Caesarem Augustum,
Flor. 1, prooem. 1 (al. usque in).—With adverbs.a.With inde:b.pueritiae memoriam recordari ultimam, inde usque repetens, etc.,
Cic. Arch. 1, 1.—With antehac:c.ut animus in spe usque antehac attentus fuit, Ita, etc.,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 3.—With adhuc:d.quod occultatum'st usque adhuc nunc non potest,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 10:qui me tam leni passus animost usque adhuc facere, etc.,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 27:cessatum usque adhuc est,
until now, hitherto, id. Ad. 4, 4, 23:qui mos usque adhuc est retentus,
Cic. Rep. 2, 20, 35:usque adhuc certe animum meum probastis,
Suet. Dom. 18; v. adhuc, II. A.—With eo:e.tamen usque eo se tenuit, quoad, etc.,
Cic. Dejot. 4, 11:usque eo animadverti eum jocari,
id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; v. 2. eo, II. C.—With quaque, continually, always:f.Chrusalus mihi usque quaque loquitur nec recte,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 83: usque quaque sapere oportet, Poët. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1; so,usque quaque,
Cat. 39, 2; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 2; 1, 7, 5; Gell. 16, 3, 1:usquequaque, de hoc cum dicemus,
whenever, Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1.—Opp. nusquam: atque hoc non alienum est, quod ad multa pertineat, ne aut nusquam aut usquequaque dicatur, hic admonere,
Cic. Inv. 2, 21, 63.—With dum:g.usque dum regnum optinebit Juppiter,
Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 28: conplebo familiam adeo usque satietatem dum capiet pater, id. Am. 1, 2, 9:usque id egi dudum, dum loquitur pater,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 30; Cato, R. R. 156:mihi quidem usque curae erit, quid agas, dum, quid egeris, sciero,
Cic. Fam. 12, 19, 3; id. Verr. 2, 1, 5, § 12; 2, 1, 6, § 16; Hor. C. 3, 30, 7; cf. dum, I. B. 1. b. —With interea:h.nam usque dum ille vitam colet Inopem... Interea usque illi de me supplicium dabo,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 84 sqq.—With donec:k.ibo odorans quasi canis venaticus Usque donec persecutus volpem ero vestigiis,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 114. —With quoad:1.usque illum, quoad ei nuntiatum esset consules descendisse, omnibus exclusis commentatum, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 22, 87:dandum ordeum, usque quoad erunt lactentes,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 12.—With adeo:m. B.usque adeo in periculo fuisse, quoad, etc.,
Cic. Sest. 38, 82; cf. Cato, R. R. 67:instare usque adeo, donec se adjurat,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 40; id. Rud. 3, 5, 32: usque adeo, dum, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 10, 3, 5; cf. Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 10 sub f. supra.—In other relations.1. a.Absol.:b.ego vapulando, ille verberando, usque ambo defessi sumus,
Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 5 Fleck. (al. verberando usque, ambo:incerta est distinctio, Don. ad loc.): poenasque dedit usque superque (= usque eo quod satis esset),
Hor. S. 1, 2, 65.—With ad:c. d.usque ad ravim poscam,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:usque ad necem,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 28:hoc malum usque ad bestias perveniat,
Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 67:usque ad eum finem, dum, etc.,
id. Verr. 1, 6, 16; v. dum: assenserunt consules designati, omnes etiam consulares usque ad Pompeium, up to, i. e. except Pompey, Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 20.—With terminal adverbs:2.Anco regi familiaris est factus (sc. L. Tarquinius) usque eo, ut, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 2, 20, 35; v. eo, under is fin.:usque quo non vis subici mihi?
how long? Vulg. Exod. 10, 3; cf. quousque.—Right on, always, without stop, continuously, constantly, incessantly: Ep. Ne abeas, priusquam ego ad te venero. Ap. Usque opperiar, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 122:3.Ctesipho me pugnis miserum Usque occidit,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 20:an usque In nostrum jacies verba superba caput?
Prop. 2, 8, 16:cantantes licet usque, minus via laedit, eamus,
Verg. E. 9, 64; cf.:nec vidisse semel satis est, juvat usque morari,
id. A. 6, 487:naturam expelles furcā, tamen usque recurret,
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 24.—Repeated:allatres licet usque nos et usque,
Mart. 5, 60, 1:ergo, qui prius usque et usque et usque Furum scindere podices solebam,
Auct. Priap. 78.—Esp.: usque quāque (less correctly as one word, usquequaque), in every thing, on every occasion:nolite usque quaque idem quaerere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 10:an hoc usque quaque, aliter in vitā?
id. Fin. 5, 30, 91 Madv. ad loc.:et id usquequaque quantum sit appareat,
in each particular, id. Or. 22, 73; Plin. Ep. 7, 12, 5:religionum usque quaque contemptor, praeter unius Deae Syriae,
Suet. Ner. 56 init. -
13 Armstrong, Sir William George, Baron Armstrong of Cragside
[br]b. 26 November 1810 Shieldfield, Newcastle upon Tyne, Englandd. 27 December 1900 Cragside, Northumbria, England[br]English inventor, engineer and entrepreneur in hydraulic engineering, shipbuilding and the production of artillery.[br]The only son of a corn merchant, Alderman William Armstrong, he was educated at private schools in Newcastle and at Bishop Auckland Grammar School. He then became an articled clerk in the office of Armorer Donkin, a solicitor and a friend of his father. During a fishing trip he saw a water-wheel driven by an open stream to work a marble-cutting machine. He felt that its efficiency would be improved by introducing the water to the wheel in a pipe. He developed an interest in hydraulics and in electricity, and became a popular lecturer on these subjects. From 1838 he became friendly with Henry Watson of the High Bridge Works, Newcastle, and for six years he visited the Works almost daily, studying turret clocks, telescopes, papermaking machinery, surveying instruments and other equipment being produced. There he had built his first hydraulic machine, which generated 5 hp when run off the Newcastle town water-mains. He then designed and made a working model of a hydraulic crane, but it created little interest. In 1845, after he had served this rather unconventional apprenticeship at High Bridge Works, he was appointed Secretary of the newly formed Whittle Dene Water Company. The same year he proposed to the town council of Newcastle the conversion of one of the quayside cranes to his hydraulic operation which, if successful, should also be applied to a further four cranes. This was done by the Newcastle Cranage Company at High Bridge Works. In 1847 he gave up law and formed W.G.Armstrong \& Co. to manufacture hydraulic machinery in a works at Elswick. Orders for cranes, hoists, dock gates and bridges were obtained from mines; docks and railways.Early in the Crimean War, the War Office asked him to design and make submarine mines to blow up ships that were sunk by the Russians to block the entrance to Sevastopol harbour. The mines were never used, but this set him thinking about military affairs and brought him many useful contacts at the War Office. Learning that two eighteen-pounder British guns had silenced a whole Russian battery but were too heavy to move over rough ground, he carried out a thorough investigation and proposed light field guns with rifled barrels to fire elongated lead projectiles rather than cast-iron balls. He delivered his first gun in 1855; it was built of a steel core and wound-iron wire jacket. The barrel was multi-grooved and the gun weighed a quarter of a ton and could fire a 3 lb (1.4 kg) projectile. This was considered too light and was sent back to the factory to be rebored to take a 5 lb (2.3 kg) shot. The gun was a complete success and Armstrong was then asked to design and produce an equally successful eighteen-pounder. In 1859 he was appointed Engineer of Rifled Ordnance and was knighted. However, there was considerable opposition from the notably conservative officers of the Army who resented the intrusion of this civilian engineer in their affairs. In 1862, contracts with the Elswick Ordnance Company were terminated, and the Government rejected breech-loading and went back to muzzle-loading. Armstrong resigned and concentrated on foreign sales, which were successful worldwide.The search for a suitable proving ground for a 12-ton gun led to an interest in shipbuilding at Elswick from 1868. This necessitated the replacement of an earlier stone bridge with the hydraulically operated Tyne Swing Bridge, which weighed some 1450 tons and allowed a clear passage for shipping. Hydraulic equipment on warships became more complex and increasing quantities of it were made at the Elswick works, which also flourished with the reintroduction of the breech-loader in 1878. In 1884 an open-hearth acid steelworks was added to the Elswick facilities. In 1897 the firm merged with Sir Joseph Whitworth \& Co. to become Sir W.G.Armstrong Whitworth \& Co. After Armstrong's death a further merger with Vickers Ltd formed Vickers Armstrong Ltd.In 1879 Armstrong took a great interest in Joseph Swan's invention of the incandescent electric light-bulb. He was one of those who formed the Swan Electric Light Company, opening a factory at South Benwell to make the bulbs. At Cragside, his mansion at Roth bury, he installed a water turbine and generator, making it one of the first houses in England to be lit by electricity.Armstrong was a noted philanthropist, building houses for his workforce, and endowing schools, hospitals and parks. His last act of charity was to purchase Bamburgh Castle, Northumbria, in 1894, intending to turn it into a hospital or a convalescent home, but he did not live long enough to complete the work.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1859. FRS 1846. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers; Institution of Civil Engineers; British Association for the Advancement of Science 1863. Baron Armstrong of Cragside 1887.Further ReadingE.R.Jones, 1886, Heroes of Industry', London: Low.D.J.Scott, 1962, A History of Vickers, London: Weidenfeld \& Nicolson.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Armstrong, Sir William George, Baron Armstrong of Cragside
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14 городские ворота
1) General subject: town gates2) Construction: city gate, gate house -
15 выезд
м.1. departureвыезд суда юр. — visit of a court
2. (место, через которое выезжают) exit, egressвыезд из города — town gates pl.
3. уст. ( экипаж с лошадьми) turn-out, equipage -
16 выезд
м.1) ( поездка куда-л) departureвы́езд суда́ юр. — visit of a court
2) офиц. ( поездка за границу) trip / visit abroadзако́н о въе́зде и вы́езде — law on entry to and exit from the country
3) (место, через которое выезжают) exit, egressвы́езд из го́рода — town gates pl
4) уст. ( экипаж с лошадьми) equipage ['ekwɪpɪʤ], carriage ( drawn by horses and attended by servants) -
17 castrum
castrum, i, n. [kindred with casa, q. v.].I.In sing., any fortified place; a castle, fort, fortress (more rare than castellum):B.ei Grunium dederat in Phrygiā castrum, etc.,
Nep. Alcib. 9, 3; Liv. 32. 29, 4; Dig. 27, 1, 17 fin. —Esp., nom. propr.1.Castrum Altum or Album, in Hispania Tarraconensis, Liv. 24, 41, 3.—2.Castrum Inui, or simply Castrum, an ancient city of the Rutuli, near Ardea, Verg. A. 6, 775;3.called Castrum,
Ov. M. 15, 727; Sil. 8, 359. —Castrum Novum, a city on the seacoast of Etruria, Liv. 36, 3, 6; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 51.—4.Another Castrum Novum, on the sea-coast of Picenum, now Giulia Nova, [p. 299] Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110; also called absol. Castrum, Vell. 1, 14, 8.—5.Castrum Truentinum, a maritime city of Picenum, on the river Truentus, Cic. Att. 8, 12, B, 1;6.also called Truentum,
Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110.—Castrum Vergium, a fortress of the Bergistani in Hispania Tarraconensis, now Berga, Liv. 34, 21, 1.—Far more freq.,II.In plur.: castra, ōrum, n. ( castra, ae, f.: castra haec vestra est, Att. ap. Non. p. 200, 30; Trag. Rel. p. 238 Rib.).A.Lit., several soldiers ' tents situated together; hence, a military camp, an encampment; among the Romans a square (quadrata);b.later, after the manner of the Greeks, sometimes circular, or adjusted to its situation,
Veg. Mil. 1, 23. It was surrounded by a trench (fossa) and a wall (vallum), and had four gates: Porta Praetoria, the front, chief gate, on the opp. side from the enemy, from which the legions marched; opp. to this, Porta Decumana (in later times Porta Quaestoria), the back gate;Porta Principalis Dextra, and Porta Principalis Sinistra, situated on the two sides of the camp,
Liv. 40, 27, 4 sq.; cf. Dict. of Antiq.—Phrases.(α).With adj.:(β).stativa,
occupied for a long time, permanent, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; Caes. B. C. 3, 30; 3, 37; Sall. J. 44, 4; Tac. A. 3, 21:aestiva,
summer camp, id. ib. 1, 16; Suet. Claud. 1:hiberna,
Liv. 29, 35, 13 (more freq. absol. aestiva and hiberna, q. v.):navalia,
an encampment on the shore for protecting the fleet and the troops while landing; sometimes connected with the ships drawn to land, Caes. B. G. 5, 22 Herz.; cf. id. ib. 5, 11; Liv. 29, 35, 13;called also nautica,
Nep. Alcib. 8, 5; id. Hann. 11, 6 (cf. id. ib. § 4; Liv. 44, 39): lunata, crescent-shaped, Auct. B. Afr. 80.—With numerals:una,
Tac. A. 4, 2:bina,
Cic. Phil. 12, 11, 27; Liv. 4, 27, 3:quina,
Caes. B. C. 3, 9.—With verb:c.locum castris antecapere,
Sall. J. 50, 1; cf.:capere locum castris,
Liv. 4, 27, 3; 9, 17, 15;and montes castris capere,
Tac. A. 12, 55: castra metari, Cael. ap. Non. p. 137, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 15 al.:facere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 48; Nep. Milt. 5, 2; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29 al.:ponere,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 35; Nep. Hann. 5 fin.:ponere et munire,
Sall. J. 75, 7:munire,
Caes. B. G. 1, 49; Liv. 44, 39, 1:communire,
Caes. B. G. 5, 49; Liv. 23, 28, 3:castra castris conferre,
id. 10, 32, 5; 23, 28, 9:castris se tenere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8:castra movere,
to break up, to decamp, id. ib. 1, 39 fin.; also syn. with to march forth from a camp, id. ib. 1, 15 Herz.; 1, 22; 2, 2; Sall. C. 57, 3; Nep. Dat. 8, 4; id. Eum. 12 fin. et saep.—Hence, also, promovere, Caes. B. G. 1, 48:movere retro,
Liv. 2, 58, 3:removere,
id. 9, 24, 4:proferre,
Caes. B. C. 1, 81:castris castra inferre,
Enn. Trag. 201 Vahl.—Castra Praetoriana, Praetoria, Urbana or simply Castra, the barracks of the Prœtorians in the suburbs of Rome, Suet. Tib. 37; id. Claud. 21; Tac. A. 4, 2; Suet. Aug. 29; id. Claud. 36; Dig. 48, 5, 15. —d.Castrorum filius, a surname of Caligula, who was brought up in the camp, Suet. Calig. 22; Aur. Vict. Caes. 3.—So, Castrorum mater, an appellation of Faustina, the wife of the emperor Marcus Aurelius, because she accompanied him in an expedition against the Quadi, Capitol. Marc. Aur. 26.—Hence both appell. in later inscriptions as titles of the Roman emperors and empresses. —B.Esp. as nom. propr., like castrum.1.Castra Corneliana or Cornelia, on the north coast of Africa, near Utica, so called because the elder Scipio Africanus first pitched his camp there, after his landing in Africa, in the second Punic war, Caes. B. C. 2, 24; 2, 25; 2, 37; Mel. 1, 7, 2; Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 24.—2.Castra Caecilia, in Lusitania, Plin. 4, 22, 35, § 117.—3.Castra Hannibalis, a seaport town in Bruttium, Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 95.—4.Castra Pyrrhi, a place in Grecian Illyria, Liv. 32, 13, 2.—5.Castra Vetera or Vetera, a place on the Lower Rhine, now Xanthen, Tac. H. 4, 18; 4, 21; 4, 35; id. A. 1, 45.—6.Castra Alexandri, a district in Egypt, Curt. 4, 7, 2; Oros. 1, 2.—C.Meton.1.Since, in military expeditions, a camp was pitched each evening, in the histt. (esp. Livy) for a day ' s march:2.secundis castris ( = bidui itinere) pervenit ad Dium,
Liv. 44, 7, 1; so Tac. H. 3, 15; cf.:alteris castris,
Liv. 38, 13, 2; Curt. 3, 7.—So tertiis castris,
Liv. 38, 13, 11; 38, 24, 1; Tac. H. 4, 71:quartis castris,
Liv. 44, 46, 10:quintis castris,
Caes. B. G. 7, 36; Liv. 28, 19, 4:septimis castris,
id. 40, 22, 1:decimis castris,
id. 27, 32 fin.; 28, 33, 1.—Military service (hence, often opp. forum and toga), Nep. Epam. 5, 4; Vell. 2, 125, 4; Tib. 4, 1, 39:3. 4.qui magnum in castris usum habebant,
Caes. B. G. 1, 39.—Of a sheepfold, Col. 6, 23, 3.—5.Of political parties, regarded as arrayed in hostility:6.si ad interdicti sententiam confugis... in meis castris praesidiisque versaris,
Cic. Caecin. 29, 83.—Of philosophical sects:Epicuri castra,
Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 1:O castra praeclara (Epicuri)!
id. ib. 7, 12, 1; Hor. C. 3, 16, 23; Sen. Ep. 2, 4. -
18 δοῦπος
δοῦπος (cf. κτύπος): any dull, heavy sound, as the thunder at the gates of a besieged town, ἀμφὶ πύλᾶς ὅμαδος καὶ δοῦπος ὀρώρει | πύργων βαλλομένων, Il. 9.573; of the din of battle, compared to the echo of woodmen's axes, Il. 16.635; the roar of the sea, Od. 5.401; or of a mountain torrent, Il. 4.455. Cf. δουπέω.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > δοῦπος
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19 osto
1 noun "a strong or fortified building or place, strong place, fortress" MR:350, 471; WJ:414; "city, town with wall round" OS, VT46:8 2 noun "the gates of the Sun" LT1:264; this "Qenya" word was probably obsoleted by \# 1 above -
20 פילי
פִּילֵיf. (πύλαι) gate of a town, entrance. Targ. Y. II Gen. 19:1.Y.Yeb.XII, 12d top; Y.Sabb.VI, 8a bot. מן דמטון (ל)פ׳ (not פו׳) when they arrived at the gates. Lam. R. to I, 1 בתרע פ׳ דההיאוכ׳ (רבתי) at the gate of the entrance to that city. Gen. R. s. 63 פ׳ דפנייס the gate of Paneas; a. fr.Ib., a. e. פיילי (corr. acc.).Tanḥ., ed. Bub., Miḳḳ. 10 בפולי אחד (read: בפי׳ אחת).Pl. ch. פִּילְוָותָא. Targ. Y. I Deut. 20:11 פִּילְוָותָהּ (Y. II פִּלְוָותָא, corr. acc.).Hebr. pl. פִּילָאֹות. Tanḥ. l. c. הושיב שומרים על פתחי פ׳ (not פתח) he placed guards at all entrances.
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