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castrum

  • 1 castrum

    castrum, i, n. [kindred with casa, q. v.].
    I.
    In sing., any fortified place; a castle, fort, fortress (more rare than castellum):

    ei Grunium dederat in Phrygiā castrum, etc.,

    Nep. Alcib. 9, 3; Liv. 32. 29, 4; Dig. 27, 1, 17 fin. —
    B.
    Esp., nom. propr.
    1.
    Castrum Altum or Album, in Hispania Tarraconensis, Liv. 24, 41, 3.—
    2.
    Castrum Inui, or simply Castrum, an ancient city of the Rutuli, near Ardea, Verg. A. 6, 775;

    called Castrum,

    Ov. M. 15, 727; Sil. 8, 359. —
    3.
    Castrum Novum, a city on the seacoast of Etruria, Liv. 36, 3, 6; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 51.—
    4.
    Another Castrum Novum, on the sea-coast of Picenum, now Giulia Nova, [p. 299] Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110; also called absol. Castrum, Vell. 1, 14, 8.—
    5.
    Castrum Truentinum, a maritime city of Picenum, on the river Truentus, Cic. Att. 8, 12, B, 1;

    also called Truentum,

    Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110.—
    6.
    Castrum Vergium, a fortress of the Bergistani in Hispania Tarraconensis, now Berga, Liv. 34, 21, 1.—Far more freq.,
    II.
    In plur.: castra, ōrum, n. ( castra, ae, f.: castra haec vestra est, Att. ap. Non. p. 200, 30; Trag. Rel. p. 238 Rib.).
    A.
    Lit., several soldiers ' tents situated together; hence, a military camp, an encampment; among the Romans a square (quadrata);

    later, after the manner of the Greeks, sometimes circular, or adjusted to its situation,

    Veg. Mil. 1, 23. It was surrounded by a trench (fossa) and a wall (vallum), and had four gates: Porta Praetoria, the front, chief gate, on the opp. side from the enemy, from which the legions marched; opp. to this, Porta Decumana (in later times Porta Quaestoria), the back gate;

    Porta Principalis Dextra, and Porta Principalis Sinistra, situated on the two sides of the camp,

    Liv. 40, 27, 4 sq.; cf. Dict. of Antiq.—
    b.
    Phrases.
    (α).
    With adj.:

    stativa,

    occupied for a long time, permanent, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; Caes. B. C. 3, 30; 3, 37; Sall. J. 44, 4; Tac. A. 3, 21:

    aestiva,

    summer camp, id. ib. 1, 16; Suet. Claud. 1:

    hiberna,

    Liv. 29, 35, 13 (more freq. absol. aestiva and hiberna, q. v.):

    navalia,

    an encampment on the shore for protecting the fleet and the troops while landing; sometimes connected with the ships drawn to land, Caes. B. G. 5, 22 Herz.; cf. id. ib. 5, 11; Liv. 29, 35, 13;

    called also nautica,

    Nep. Alcib. 8, 5; id. Hann. 11, 6 (cf. id. ib. § 4; Liv. 44, 39): lunata, crescent-shaped, Auct. B. Afr. 80.—With numerals:

    una,

    Tac. A. 4, 2:

    bina,

    Cic. Phil. 12, 11, 27; Liv. 4, 27, 3:

    quina,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 9.—
    (β).
    With verb:

    locum castris antecapere,

    Sall. J. 50, 1; cf.:

    capere locum castris,

    Liv. 4, 27, 3; 9, 17, 15;

    and montes castris capere,

    Tac. A. 12, 55: castra metari, Cael. ap. Non. p. 137, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 15 al.:

    facere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 48; Nep. Milt. 5, 2; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29 al.:

    ponere,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 35; Nep. Hann. 5 fin.:

    ponere et munire,

    Sall. J. 75, 7:

    munire,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 49; Liv. 44, 39, 1:

    communire,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 49; Liv. 23, 28, 3:

    castra castris conferre,

    id. 10, 32, 5; 23, 28, 9:

    castris se tenere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8:

    castra movere,

    to break up, to decamp, id. ib. 1, 39 fin.; also syn. with to march forth from a camp, id. ib. 1, 15 Herz.; 1, 22; 2, 2; Sall. C. 57, 3; Nep. Dat. 8, 4; id. Eum. 12 fin. et saep.—Hence, also, promovere, Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

    movere retro,

    Liv. 2, 58, 3:

    removere,

    id. 9, 24, 4:

    proferre,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 81:

    castris castra inferre,

    Enn. Trag. 201 Vahl.—
    c.
    Castra Praetoriana, Praetoria, Urbana or simply Castra, the barracks of the Prœtorians in the suburbs of Rome, Suet. Tib. 37; id. Claud. 21; Tac. A. 4, 2; Suet. Aug. 29; id. Claud. 36; Dig. 48, 5, 15. —
    d.
    Castrorum filius, a surname of Caligula, who was brought up in the camp, Suet. Calig. 22; Aur. Vict. Caes. 3.—So, Castrorum mater, an appellation of Faustina, the wife of the emperor Marcus Aurelius, because she accompanied him in an expedition against the Quadi, Capitol. Marc. Aur. 26.—Hence both appell. in later inscriptions as titles of the Roman emperors and empresses. —
    B.
    Esp. as nom. propr., like castrum.
    1.
    Castra Corneliana or Cornelia, on the north coast of Africa, near Utica, so called because the elder Scipio Africanus first pitched his camp there, after his landing in Africa, in the second Punic war, Caes. B. C. 2, 24; 2, 25; 2, 37; Mel. 1, 7, 2; Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 24.—
    2.
    Castra Caecilia, in Lusitania, Plin. 4, 22, 35, § 117.—
    3.
    Castra Hannibalis, a seaport town in Bruttium, Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 95.—
    4.
    Castra Pyrrhi, a place in Grecian Illyria, Liv. 32, 13, 2.—
    5.
    Castra Vetera or Vetera, a place on the Lower Rhine, now Xanthen, Tac. H. 4, 18; 4, 21; 4, 35; id. A. 1, 45.—
    6.
    Castra Alexandri, a district in Egypt, Curt. 4, 7, 2; Oros. 1, 2.—
    C.
    Meton.
    1.
    Since, in military expeditions, a camp was pitched each evening, in the histt. (esp. Livy) for a day ' s march:

    secundis castris ( = bidui itinere) pervenit ad Dium,

    Liv. 44, 7, 1; so Tac. H. 3, 15; cf.:

    alteris castris,

    Liv. 38, 13, 2; Curt. 3, 7.—

    So tertiis castris,

    Liv. 38, 13, 11; 38, 24, 1; Tac. H. 4, 71:

    quartis castris,

    Liv. 44, 46, 10:

    quintis castris,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 36; Liv. 28, 19, 4:

    septimis castris,

    id. 40, 22, 1:

    decimis castris,

    id. 27, 32 fin.; 28, 33, 1.—
    2.
    Military service (hence, often opp. forum and toga), Nep. Epam. 5, 4; Vell. 2, 125, 4; Tib. 4, 1, 39:

    qui magnum in castris usum habebant,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 39.—
    3.
    Of beehives:

    cerea,

    Verg. A. 12, 589:

    in apium castris,

    Pall. 1, 37, 4.—
    4.
    Of a sheepfold, Col. 6, 23, 3.—
    5.
    Of political parties, regarded as arrayed in hostility:

    si ad interdicti sententiam confugis... in meis castris praesidiisque versaris,

    Cic. Caecin. 29, 83.—
    6.
    Of philosophical sects:

    Epicuri castra,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 1:

    O castra praeclara (Epicuri)!

    id. ib. 7, 12, 1; Hor. C. 3, 16, 23; Sen. Ep. 2, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > castrum

  • 2 castrum

        castrum ī, n    [SCAD-], a fortified place, castle, fort, fortress: ei Grunium dederat in Phrygiā castrum, N.—Plur.
    * * *
    fort/fortress; camp (pl.), military camp/field; army; war service; day's march; castle, fortress; (fortified) town

    castrum doloris -- catafalque/coffin platform

    Latin-English dictionary > castrum

  • 3 castrum

    * * *
    • Castrum

    Hrvatski-Engleski rječnik > castrum

  • 4 Castrum Inui

    ĭnŭus, i, m. [ineo; the fructifying god], the god Pan, who gave fruitfulness to the herds, Liv. 1, 5; Arn. 3, p. 143; Macr. S. 1, 22. —
    II.
    Castrum Inui, a sea-coast town in Latium, near Antium, Verg. A. 6, 775; cf. Serv. ad loc.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Castrum Inui

  • 5 castruma

    * * *
    • Castrum

    Hrvatski-Engleski rječnik > castruma

  • 6 Castranus

    Castrānus, a, um, adj., of Castrum Inui (v. castrum, I.):

    rura,

    Mart. 4, 60.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Castranus

  • 7 (латинский термин , обозначающий) древнеримский военный л

    General subject: castrum (Лагерь пересекали две дороги, выходящие через четверо ворот, деля его на четыре части. Каждая четверть была дополнительно поделена улицами, пересекающимися обязательно под прямым углом)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > (латинский термин , обозначающий) древнеримский военный л

  • 8 древнеримский военный л

    General subject: (латинский термин, обозначающий) castrum (Лагерь пересекали две дороги, выходящие через четверо ворот, деля его на четыре части. Каждая четверть была дополнительно поделена улицами, пересекающимися обязательно под прямым углом)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > древнеримский военный л

  • 9 qassr

    castle [from Lat castrum]

    Arabic etymological dictionary > qassr

  • 10 castellum

        castellum ī, n dim.    [castrum], a castle, fort, citadel, fortress, stronghold: crebra, Cs.: castellis ab ingressione propulsari: multa capere, S.: montana castella, V.: castella communit, towers (on a wall), Cs.: castella facta, posts (for guards), Cs.— Poet.: Norica Castella in tumulis, i. e. mountain homes, V.—Fig., a shelter, stronghold, defence, refuge: latrocinii: castellum omnium scelerum, L.
    * * *
    redoubt, fortress, stronghold, fortified settlement, refuge; garrison, citadel; structure in which water from aqueduct is collected for distribution, reservoir town, village; (medieval)

    Latin-English dictionary > castellum

  • 11 castra

        castra    see castrum.
    * * *
    camp, military camp/field; army; fort, fortress; war service; day's march

    Latin-English dictionary > castra

  • 12 Befestigungsanlage

    Befestigungsanlage f ARCH castrum, fortification, stronghold

    Deutsch-Englisch Fachwörterbuch Architektur und Bauwesen > Befestigungsanlage

  • 13 Festung

    Festung f ARCH castrum, stronghold; citadel; fort

    Deutsch-Englisch Fachwörterbuch Architektur und Bauwesen > Festung

  • 14 Kastell

    Kastell n ARCH castle, castrum

    Deutsch-Englisch Fachwörterbuch Architektur und Bauwesen > Kastell

  • 15 cathair

    I
    a city, Irish, Early Irish cathair, Old Irish cathir *kastrex, Welsh caer, Breton kaer, *kastro-; Latin castrum, fort (Stokes). The root seems to be cat, cats; the phonetics are the same as in piuthar, for the final part of the word.
    II
    a chair, Irish cathaoir, Early Irish catháir, Welsh cadair, Breton kador; from Latin cathedra, whence also, through Greek, English chair.

    Etymological dictionary of the Gaelic language > cathair

  • 16 ala

    āla, ae, f. [for axla, contr. from axilla, Cic. Or. 45, 153; cf. anchos = ômos (Hesych.) = shoulder = O. H. Germ. Ahsala; Germ. Achsel].
    I.
    Lit., a wing, as of a bird: galli plausu premunt alas, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 26; Verg. A. 3, 226 al.: Me. Vox mihi ad aurīs advolavit. So. Ne ego homo infelix fui, qui non alas intervelli, that I did not pluck off its wings, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 170.— Poet., of the gods:

    Mors atris circumvolat alis,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 58:

    volucris Fati Tardavit alas,

    id. C. 2, 17, 25:

    bibulae Cupidinis alae,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 233:

    furvis circumdatus alis Somnus,

    Tib. 2, 1, 89:

    me jocundis Sopor impulit alis,

    Prop. 1, 3, 45:

    Madidis Notus evolat alis,

    Ov. M. 1, 264.—Of sails:

    velorum pandimus alas,

    Verg. A. 3, 520.—Of oars:

    classis centenis remiget alis,

    Prop. 4, 6, 47:

    remigium alarum,

    Verg. A. 1, 301 (cf. Hom. Od. 11, 125);

    so inversely remi is used of wings: super fluctus alarum insistere remis,

    Ov. M. 5, 558 (cf. pterois eressei, Eur. Iphig. Taur. 289; Aeschyl. Agam. 52; and cf. Lucr. 6, 743). —Of wind and lightning:

    Nisus Emicat et ventis et fulminis ocior alis,

    Verg. A. 5, 319 al. —
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    In man, the upper and under part of the arm, where it unites with the shoulder; the armpit, Liv. 9, 41; 30, 34:

    aliquid sub alā portare,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 12:

    hirquinae,

    Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 51:

    hirsutae,

    Hor. Epod. 12, 5:

    halitus oris et alarum vitia,

    Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142:

    virus alarum et sudores,

    id. 35, 15, 52, § 185:

    sudor alarum,

    Petr. 128 (many Romans were accustomed to pluck out the hair from the armpits, Sen. Ep. 114; Juv. 11, 157; v. alipilus).—
    B.
    In animals, the hollow where the foreleg is joined to the shoulder; the shoulder - blade. —Of elephants, Plin. 11, 40, 95, § 324.—Of frogs, Plin. 9, 51, 74, § 159.—
    C.
    In trees and plants, the hollow where the branch unites with the stem, Plin. 16, 7, 10, § 29; so id. 22, 18, 21, § 45; 25, 5, 18, § 38 al.—
    D.
    In buildings, the wings, the side apartments on the right and left of the court, the side halls or porches, the colonnades; called also in Gr. ptera, Vitr. 6, 4, 137; 4, 7, 92.—
    E.
    In milit. lang., the wing of an army (thus conceived of as a bird of prey), commonly composed of the Roman cavalry and the troops of the allies, esp. their horsemen; hence, alarii in contrast with legionarii, and separated from them in enumeration, also having a leader, called praefectus alae, Tac. H. 2, 59 al.; cf. Lips. de Milit. Rom. 1, 10 Manut.; Cic. Fam. 2, 17 fin.; Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 1, 51; Smith, Dict. Antiq.; Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 4, 6; cf. Gell. 10, 9, 1:

    Alae, equites: ob hoc alae dicti, quia pedites tegunt alarum vice,

    Serv. ad Verg. A. 4, 121: peditatu, equitibus atque alis cum hostium legionibus pugnavit, Cato ap. Gell. 15, 9, 5; Cic. Off. 2, 13, 45:

    dextera ala (in alas divisum socialem exercitum habebat) in primā acie locata est,

    Liv. 31, 21; Vell. 2, 117 al.—An ala, as a military division, usu. consisted of about 500 men, Liv. 10, 29.
    ► Such alae gave names to several towns, since they were either levied from them, quartered in them, or, after the expiration of their time of service, received the lands of such towns.
    —So, Ala Flaviana, Ala Nova, et saep. (cf. castrum, II. 1. fin.).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ala

  • 17 casa

    căsa, ae, f. [Sanscr. khad, to cover; cf.: cassis, castrum], any simple or poorly-built house, a cottage, hut, cabin, shed, etc., Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 6; Lucr. 5, 1011; 6, 1254; Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 97; Vitr. 2, 1; Verg. E. 2, 29; Tib. 2, 1, 24 et saep.; Cic. Fam. 16, 18, 2; a small country-house, Mart. 6, 43; Caes. B. G. 5, 43 Herz.; Veg. Mil. 2, 10.—Of babyhouses, Hor. S. 2, 3, 247.—
    b.
    Casae, in late Lat. meton., a country estate, a farm, Cassiod. Var. 5, 14.—
    B.
    Prov.: ita fugias, ne praeter casam, i. e. do not run so far as to pass the safest hiding-place, in allusion to a game of hide-and-seek, Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 3. —
    II.
    Esp.:

    casa Romuli,

    the thatched cottage of Romulus on the Capitoline Hill, Vitr. 2. 1; cf. Verg. A. 8, 654; Ov. F. 3, 183 sqq.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > casa

  • 18 cassis

    1.
    cassis, ĭdis (access. form cassĭda, ae, like chlamyda from chlamys, Prop. 3 (4), 11, 15; Verg. A. 11, 775; cf. Prob. II. p. 1473 P. Lind.; Charis. p. 80 P.; Prisc. p. 698 ib. Also Paul. ex Fest. p. 48, instead of cassilam, the reading should be cassidam), f. [Etruscan, acc. to Isid. Orig. 18, 14, 1; cf. Müll. Etrusk. 1, p. 392; cf. Sanscr. khad, to cover, and Lat. castrum, casa], a helmet, commonly of metal (as galea was of leather, Isid. Orig. 18, 14, 1; cf. Tac. G. 6), Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 100; Caes. B. G. 7, 45; Ov. M. 12, 89; 13, 107:

    fracta,

    Juv. 10, 134:

    caelata,

    id. 11, 103.—But also promiscuously for galea, Ov. M. 8, 25 (cf.:

    aerea galea,

    Verg. A. 5, 490).—
    b.
    Meton., war:

    sub casside sumere unguenta,

    Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 23:

    aetas patiens cassidis,

    Juv. 7, 33.
    2.
    cassis, is, v. casses.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cassis

  • 19 castellum

    castellum, i, n. dim. [castrum], a castle, fort, citadel, fortress, stronghold, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 514, 7; Caes. B. G. 2, 30; id. B. C. 3, 36; Cic. Phil. 5, 4, 9; id. Caecin. 7, 20; Sall. J. 54, 6; Nep. Milt. 2, 1; id. Alcib. 7, 4; Liv. 10, 46, 11; 21, 11, 10; Verg. A. 5, 440; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 34 al.; also of a single bulwark, bastion, Caes. B. G. 1, 8; 2, 8; 7, 69; id. B. C. 3, 44; and poet. of a dwelling in an elevated position, Verg. G. 3, 475.—
    B.
    In mechanics, a structure in which the water of an aqueduct is collected, to be distributed by pipes or channels in different directions, a reservoir, Vitr. 8, 6; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 121; Front. Aquaed. 35; Dig. 19, 1, 17; 43, 20, 1; Inscr. Orell. 3203 al.—
    II.
    Trop., shelter, stronghold, defence, refuge (cf. arx, I. B.):

    templum Castoris fuit arx civium perditorum... castellum forensis latrocinii,

    Cic. Pis. 5, 11:

    urbem philosophiae, mihi crede, proditis, dum castella defendis,

    id. Div. 2, 16, 37:

    tribunal Appii castellum omnium scelerum,

    Liv. 3, 57, 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > castellum

  • 20 castra

    castra, ōrum and ae, v. castrum.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > castra

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