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Xanthen

  • 1 ksanten

    xanthen

    İngilizce Sözlük Türkçe > ksanten

  • 2 castrum

    castrum, i, n. [kindred with casa, q. v.].
    I.
    In sing., any fortified place; a castle, fort, fortress (more rare than castellum):

    ei Grunium dederat in Phrygiā castrum, etc.,

    Nep. Alcib. 9, 3; Liv. 32. 29, 4; Dig. 27, 1, 17 fin. —
    B.
    Esp., nom. propr.
    1.
    Castrum Altum or Album, in Hispania Tarraconensis, Liv. 24, 41, 3.—
    2.
    Castrum Inui, or simply Castrum, an ancient city of the Rutuli, near Ardea, Verg. A. 6, 775;

    called Castrum,

    Ov. M. 15, 727; Sil. 8, 359. —
    3.
    Castrum Novum, a city on the seacoast of Etruria, Liv. 36, 3, 6; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 51.—
    4.
    Another Castrum Novum, on the sea-coast of Picenum, now Giulia Nova, [p. 299] Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110; also called absol. Castrum, Vell. 1, 14, 8.—
    5.
    Castrum Truentinum, a maritime city of Picenum, on the river Truentus, Cic. Att. 8, 12, B, 1;

    also called Truentum,

    Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110.—
    6.
    Castrum Vergium, a fortress of the Bergistani in Hispania Tarraconensis, now Berga, Liv. 34, 21, 1.—Far more freq.,
    II.
    In plur.: castra, ōrum, n. ( castra, ae, f.: castra haec vestra est, Att. ap. Non. p. 200, 30; Trag. Rel. p. 238 Rib.).
    A.
    Lit., several soldiers ' tents situated together; hence, a military camp, an encampment; among the Romans a square (quadrata);

    later, after the manner of the Greeks, sometimes circular, or adjusted to its situation,

    Veg. Mil. 1, 23. It was surrounded by a trench (fossa) and a wall (vallum), and had four gates: Porta Praetoria, the front, chief gate, on the opp. side from the enemy, from which the legions marched; opp. to this, Porta Decumana (in later times Porta Quaestoria), the back gate;

    Porta Principalis Dextra, and Porta Principalis Sinistra, situated on the two sides of the camp,

    Liv. 40, 27, 4 sq.; cf. Dict. of Antiq.—
    b.
    Phrases.
    (α).
    With adj.:

    stativa,

    occupied for a long time, permanent, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; Caes. B. C. 3, 30; 3, 37; Sall. J. 44, 4; Tac. A. 3, 21:

    aestiva,

    summer camp, id. ib. 1, 16; Suet. Claud. 1:

    hiberna,

    Liv. 29, 35, 13 (more freq. absol. aestiva and hiberna, q. v.):

    navalia,

    an encampment on the shore for protecting the fleet and the troops while landing; sometimes connected with the ships drawn to land, Caes. B. G. 5, 22 Herz.; cf. id. ib. 5, 11; Liv. 29, 35, 13;

    called also nautica,

    Nep. Alcib. 8, 5; id. Hann. 11, 6 (cf. id. ib. § 4; Liv. 44, 39): lunata, crescent-shaped, Auct. B. Afr. 80.—With numerals:

    una,

    Tac. A. 4, 2:

    bina,

    Cic. Phil. 12, 11, 27; Liv. 4, 27, 3:

    quina,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 9.—
    (β).
    With verb:

    locum castris antecapere,

    Sall. J. 50, 1; cf.:

    capere locum castris,

    Liv. 4, 27, 3; 9, 17, 15;

    and montes castris capere,

    Tac. A. 12, 55: castra metari, Cael. ap. Non. p. 137, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 15 al.:

    facere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 48; Nep. Milt. 5, 2; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29 al.:

    ponere,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 35; Nep. Hann. 5 fin.:

    ponere et munire,

    Sall. J. 75, 7:

    munire,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 49; Liv. 44, 39, 1:

    communire,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 49; Liv. 23, 28, 3:

    castra castris conferre,

    id. 10, 32, 5; 23, 28, 9:

    castris se tenere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8:

    castra movere,

    to break up, to decamp, id. ib. 1, 39 fin.; also syn. with to march forth from a camp, id. ib. 1, 15 Herz.; 1, 22; 2, 2; Sall. C. 57, 3; Nep. Dat. 8, 4; id. Eum. 12 fin. et saep.—Hence, also, promovere, Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

    movere retro,

    Liv. 2, 58, 3:

    removere,

    id. 9, 24, 4:

    proferre,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 81:

    castris castra inferre,

    Enn. Trag. 201 Vahl.—
    c.
    Castra Praetoriana, Praetoria, Urbana or simply Castra, the barracks of the Prœtorians in the suburbs of Rome, Suet. Tib. 37; id. Claud. 21; Tac. A. 4, 2; Suet. Aug. 29; id. Claud. 36; Dig. 48, 5, 15. —
    d.
    Castrorum filius, a surname of Caligula, who was brought up in the camp, Suet. Calig. 22; Aur. Vict. Caes. 3.—So, Castrorum mater, an appellation of Faustina, the wife of the emperor Marcus Aurelius, because she accompanied him in an expedition against the Quadi, Capitol. Marc. Aur. 26.—Hence both appell. in later inscriptions as titles of the Roman emperors and empresses. —
    B.
    Esp. as nom. propr., like castrum.
    1.
    Castra Corneliana or Cornelia, on the north coast of Africa, near Utica, so called because the elder Scipio Africanus first pitched his camp there, after his landing in Africa, in the second Punic war, Caes. B. C. 2, 24; 2, 25; 2, 37; Mel. 1, 7, 2; Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 24.—
    2.
    Castra Caecilia, in Lusitania, Plin. 4, 22, 35, § 117.—
    3.
    Castra Hannibalis, a seaport town in Bruttium, Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 95.—
    4.
    Castra Pyrrhi, a place in Grecian Illyria, Liv. 32, 13, 2.—
    5.
    Castra Vetera or Vetera, a place on the Lower Rhine, now Xanthen, Tac. H. 4, 18; 4, 21; 4, 35; id. A. 1, 45.—
    6.
    Castra Alexandri, a district in Egypt, Curt. 4, 7, 2; Oros. 1, 2.—
    C.
    Meton.
    1.
    Since, in military expeditions, a camp was pitched each evening, in the histt. (esp. Livy) for a day ' s march:

    secundis castris ( = bidui itinere) pervenit ad Dium,

    Liv. 44, 7, 1; so Tac. H. 3, 15; cf.:

    alteris castris,

    Liv. 38, 13, 2; Curt. 3, 7.—

    So tertiis castris,

    Liv. 38, 13, 11; 38, 24, 1; Tac. H. 4, 71:

    quartis castris,

    Liv. 44, 46, 10:

    quintis castris,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 36; Liv. 28, 19, 4:

    septimis castris,

    id. 40, 22, 1:

    decimis castris,

    id. 27, 32 fin.; 28, 33, 1.—
    2.
    Military service (hence, often opp. forum and toga), Nep. Epam. 5, 4; Vell. 2, 125, 4; Tib. 4, 1, 39:

    qui magnum in castris usum habebant,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 39.—
    3.
    Of beehives:

    cerea,

    Verg. A. 12, 589:

    in apium castris,

    Pall. 1, 37, 4.—
    4.
    Of a sheepfold, Col. 6, 23, 3.—
    5.
    Of political parties, regarded as arrayed in hostility:

    si ad interdicti sententiam confugis... in meis castris praesidiisque versaris,

    Cic. Caecin. 29, 83.—
    6.
    Of philosophical sects:

    Epicuri castra,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 1:

    O castra praeclara (Epicuri)!

    id. ib. 7, 12, 1; Hor. C. 3, 16, 23; Sen. Ep. 2, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > castrum

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