-
61 body
1) телоб) трёхмерный геометрический объект, объёмный геометрический объектд) корпус; основная часть; каркас; остов; основание2) микр. подложка; тело интегральной схемы3) вчт ножка литеры4) ассоциация; (корпоративная) организация5) коллектив; группа6) большое количество; масса7) пакет (напр. документов); собрание (напр. сочинений)8) консистенция; густота; плотность9) формировать; придавать форму10) помещать в корпус; формировать каркас или остов; снабжать основанием12) относящийся к телу; телесный•- body of information
- body of program
- body of text
- body of Web-page
- body of works
- black body
- cell body
- ciliary body
- cycle body
- government body
- iteration body
- loop body
- main body
- message body
- package body
- 100 percent yield body
- pole body
- procedure body
- program body
- semiconductor body
- statement body
- transaction body -
62 language
1) языка) естественный язык, средство человеческого общенияб) система знаков, жестов или сигналов для передачи или хранения информациив) стильг) речь2) языкознание, лингвистика•- actor language
- agent communication language
- a-hardware programming language - application-oriented language
- applicative language
- a-programming language
- artificial language
- assembler language
- assembly language
- assignment language
- author language
- authoring language - business-oriented programming language
- categorical language - configuration language
- constraint language
- combined programming language
- command language
- common language
- common business-oriented language
- compiled language
- compiler language
- computer language
- computer-dependent language - computer-oriented language
- computer-sensitive language
- concurrent language - context- sensitive language
- conversational language
- coordinate language
- database language
- database query language - data structure language
- digital system design language
- declarative language
- declarative markup language
- definitional language
- definitional constraint language
- design language
- device media control language - dynamically scoped language - elementary formalized language
- embedding language
- event-driven language
- expression language
- extensible language - formalized language - functional language
- functional programming language - graph-oriented language - high-order language
- host language - hypersymbol language
- imperative language
- in-line language
- input language
- intelligent language
- interactive language - interpreted language - Java programming language - lexically scoped language
- list-processing language
- low-level language
- machine language
- machine-independent language
- machine-oriented language
- macro language
- manipulator language - meta language
- mnemonic language
- musical language - native-mode language
- natural language - nonprocedural language
- object language
- object-oriented language - physical language
- picture query language
- portable language
- portable standard language
- polymorphic language - print control language
- problem-oriented language
- problem statement language
- procedural language
- procedure-oriented language
- program language
- programming language
- publishing language
- query language
- question-answering language
- register-transfer language
- regular language
- relational language
- right-associative language
- robot language
- robot-level language
- robotic control language
- rule language
- rule-oriented language
- scientific programming language
- script language
- scripting language - sign language
- single-assignment language
- software command language
- source language
- special-purpose programming language
- specification language - stratified language
- stream language
- string-handling language - strongly-typed language - symbolic language - thing language - tone language
- two-dimensional pictorial query language
- typed language
- typeless language
- unchecked language
- unformalized language
- universal language
- unstratified language
- untyped language
- user-oriented language
- very high-level language - well-structured programming language -
63 number
1) числоб) количествов) состав; совокупность2) номер (1. порядковый номер 2. обозначенный номером объект 3. номер телефона 4. номер (концертной) программы) || нумеровать; присваивать номер3) знак (порядкового) номера, символ \# ( в англоязычной литературе)4) индекс (напр. моды)5) считать; пересчитывать6) pl арифметика•- number of cylinders
- number of epochs
- number of heads
- number of hidden layers
- number of logical cylinders
- number of logical heads
- number of logical sectors
- number of primary turns
- number of quantizing levels
- number of secondary turns
- number of sectors per track
- number of sessions
- number of states
- number of tracks
- number of turns
- Abbe number
- absolute frame number
- abstract number
- account number
- additional quantum number
- algebraic number
- angular mode number
- assigned number
- Avogadro number
- axial mode number
- azimuthal quantum number
- base number
- Betti number
- binary number
- binary-coded decimal number
- block number
- Brinell hardness number
- bus number
- call number
- called directory number
- called terminal number
- calling directory number
- calling terminal number
- cardinal number - Cayley numbers
- channel number - cliquomatic number
- cluster number
- coded decimal number
- complex number
- composite number
- concrete number
- condition number
- controller number
- Conway number
- coprime numbers
- counting number
- customer number
- cutoff wave number
- cylinder number
- device number
- directory number
- double-length number
- double-precision number
- drive number
- effective number of bits - even number
- expected number of augmented doubles
- extension number
- f-number
- Fibonacci numbers
- fixed-point number
- floating-point number
- font number
- fractional number - Fresnel number
- function number - Grashof number
- groove number
- Gummel number
- Hartman number
- head number
- hexadecimal number - ID number
- identification number
- imaginary number
- infinite repeating decimal number
- inner quantum number
- interconnection level number
- international number
- Internet number
- internet number
- irrational number
- job number
- Julian number
- line number
- logical block number
- logical cylinder number
- logical device number
- logical head number
- logical sector number - Lorentz number
- fuzzy number
- L-R fuzzy number
- Lundquist number
- magic number
- magnetic quantum number
- magnetic Reynolds number
- main quantum number
- mass number
- maximum usable read number
- Mersenne prime numbers
- mixed number - multiple number
- natural number
- network number - normalized wave number
- Nusselt number
- occupation number
- odd number
- orbital quantum number
- ordinal number
- page number
- perfect number
- personal communication number - physical cylinder number
- physical head number
- physical sector number
- portable serial number - preprogrammed number
- prime number
- principal quantum number
- priority number
- propagation number
- pseudodecimal number
- pseudorandom number
- quantum number
- radial mode number
- radix number
- random number
- rational number
- read number
- read-around number
- real number - repeating decimal number
- resolvable element number
- revolution number
- Reynolds number
- round-off number
- scanning-lines number
- Schmidt number
- security service number
- seed number
- serial number
- Sherwood number
- signed number
- spin quantum number
- SS number
- statement number
- subnet number
- subscriber number
- surreal number
- T-number
- telephone number
- ticket number
- tolerant fuzzy number
- toll-free number
- total quantum number
- track number
- transcendental number
- transfinite number
- translational quantum number
- transverse wave number
- trapezoidal fuzzy number
- triangular fuzzy number
- unimodal fuzzy number
- unlisted phone number
- unsigned number
- version number
- vias number
- vibrational quantum number
- Vickers number
- volume reference number
- volume serial number
- wave number
- whole number
- winding number
- Wolf number -
64 implicit
[ɪm'plɪsɪt]1) (implied) implicito2) (absolute) [faith, trust] assoluto* * *[im'plisit]1) (unquestioning; complete: implicit obedience.) implicito2) (implied (not explicitly stated); understood indirectly: The diplomat's statement contained implicit criticism of the government.)•* * *implicit /ɪmˈplɪsɪt/a.1 implicito ( anche mat.); tacito; sottinteso: an implicit promise, una promessa implicita; (mat.) implicit function, funzione implicita; implicit consent, tacito consenso; (econ.) implicit cost, costo implicitoimplicitly avv. implicitness n. [u].* * *[ɪm'plɪsɪt]1) (implied) implicito2) (absolute) [faith, trust] assoluto -
65 body
1) телоб) трёхмерный геометрический объект, объёмный геометрический объектв) вчт. внутренняя часть; основная часть (напр. программы); главная часть (напр. документа)д) корпус; основная часть; каркас; остов; основание2) микр. подложка; тело интегральной схемы3) вчт. ножка литеры4) ассоциация; (корпоративная) организация5) коллектив; группа6) большое количество; масса7) пакет (напр. документов); собрание (напр. сочинений)8) консистенция; густота; плотность9) формировать; придавать форму10) помещать в корпус; формировать каркас или остов; снабжать основанием12) относящийся к телу; телесный•- black body
- body of function
- body of information
- body of program
- body of text
- body of Web-page
- body of works
- cell body
- ciliary body
- cycle body
- government body
- iteration body
- loop body
- main body
- message body
- package body
- pole body
- procedure body
- program body
- semiconductor body
- statement body
- transaction bodyThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > body
-
66 language
1) языка) естественный язык, средство человеческого общенияб) система знаков, жестов или сигналов для передачи или хранения информациив) стильг) речь2) языкознание, лингвистика•- a programming language
- abstract machine language
- actor language
- agent communication language
- algebraic logic functional language
- algorithmic language
- amorhic language
- application-oriented language
- applicative language
- artificial language
- assembler language
- assembly language
- assignment language
- author language
- authoring language
- axiomatic architecture description language
- basic combined programming language
- block-structured language
- boundary scan description language
- business-oriented language
- business-oriented programming language
- categorical abstract machine language
- categorical language
- cellular language
- combined programming language
- command language
- common business-oriented language
- common language
- compiled language
- compiler language
- computer hardware description language
- computer language
- computer-dependent language
- computer-independent language
- computer-oriented language
- computer-sensitive language
- concurrent language
- configuration language
- constraint language
- context-free language
- context-sensitive language
- conversational language
- coordinate language
- data definition language
- data description language
- data manipulation language
- data structure language
- database language
- database query language
- declarative language
- declarative markup language
- definitional constraint language
- definitional language
- design language
- device media control language
- digital system design language
- document style semantics and specification language
- domain-specific language
- dynamic hypertext markup language
- dynamic simulation language
- dynamically scoped language
- elementary formalized language
- embedding language
- event-driven language
- expression language
- extensible hypertext markup language
- extensible language
- extensible markup language
- fabricated language
- fifth-generation language
- first-generation language
- formal language
- formalized language
- fourth-generation language
- frame language
- function graph language
- functional language
- functional programming language
- geometrical layout description language
- graphics language
- graph-oriented language
- hardware description language
- Hewlett-Packard graphics language
- Hewlett-Packard printer control language
- high-level language
- high-order language
- host language
- hypersymbol language
- hypertext markup language plus
- hypertext markup language
- imperative language
- in-line language
- input language
- intelligent language
- interactive language
- interactive set language
- intermediate language
- interpreted language
- Java interface definition language
- Java language
- Java programming language
- job control language
- Jules' own version of the international algorithmic language
- knowledge query and manipulation language
- left-associative language
- lexically scoped language
- list-processing language
- low-level language
- machine language
- machine-independent language
- machine-oriented language
- macro language
- manipulator language
- man-machine language
- mathematical markup language
- matrix-based programming language
- meta language
- mnemonic language
- musical language
- my favorite toy language
- native language
- native-mode language
- natural language
- network control language
- network description language
- noninteractive language
- nonprocedural language
- object language
- object-oriented language
- page description language
- parallel object-oriented language
- partial differential equation language
- pattern-matching language
- physical language
- picture query language
- polymorphic language
- portable language
- portable standard language
- practical extraction and report language
- prescriptive language
- print control language
- problem statement language
- problem-oriented language
- procedural language
- procedure-oriented language
- program language
- programming language
- publishing language
- query language
- question-answering language
- register-transfer language
- regular language
- relational language
- right-associative language
- robot language
- robotic control language
- robot-level language
- rule language
- rule-oriented language
- scientific programming language
- script language
- scripting language
- second-generation language
- sense language
- server-parsed hypertext markup language
- set language
- sign language
- simulation language
- single-assignment language
- software command language
- source language
- special-purpose programming language
- specification and assertion language
- specification language
- stack-based language
- standard generalized markup language
- statically scoped language
- stratified language
- stream language
- string-handling language
- string-oriented symbolic language
- string-processing language
- strongly-typed language
- structural design language
- structured query language
- subset language
- symbolic language
- symbolic layout description language
- synchronized multimedia integration language
- target language
- thing language
- third-generation language
- threaded language
- tone language
- two-dimensional pictorial query language
- typed language
- typeless language
- unchecked language
- unformalized language
- universal language
- unstratified language
- untyped language
- user-oriented language
- very high-level language
- very-high-speed integrated circuit hardware description language
- Vienna definition language
- virtual reality modeling language
- visual language
- well-structured programming language
- wireless markup languageThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > language
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67 number
1) числоб) количествов) состав; совокупность2) номер (1. порядковый номер 2. обозначенный номером объект 3. номер телефона 4. номер (концертной) программы) || нумеровать; присваивать номер3) знак (порядкового) номера, символ \# ( в англоязычной литературе)4) индекс (напр. моды)5) считать; пересчитывать6) pl. арифметика•- Abbe number
- absolute frame number
- abstract number
- account number
- additional quantum number
- algebraic number
- angular mode number
- assigned number
- Avogadro number
- axial mode number
- azimuthal quantum number
- base number
- Betti number
- binary number
- binary-coded decimal number
- block number
- Brinell hardness number
- bus number
- call number
- called directory number
- called terminal number
- calling directory number
- calling terminal number
- card select number
- cardinal number
- Catalan's numbers
- Cayley numbers
- channel number
- ciphering key sequence number
- clique number
- cliquomatic number
- cluster number
- coded decimal number
- complex number
- composite number
- concrete number
- condition number
- controller number
- Conway number
- coprime numbers
- counting number
- customer number
- cutoff wave number
- cylinder number
- device number
- directory number
- double-length number
- double-precision number
- drive number
- effective number of bits
- electronic ID number
- enterprise number
- even number
- expected number of augmented doubles
- extension number
- f number
- Fibonacci numbers
- fixed-point number
- floating-point number
- font number
- fractional number
- frame number
- frequency-band number
- Fresnel number
- function number
- fuzzy number
- Ginsburg number
- Grashof number
- groove number
- Gummel number
- Hartman number
- head number
- hexadecimal number
- hopping sequence number
- host number
- ID number
- identification number
- imaginary number
- infinite repeating decimal number
- inner quantum number
- interconnection level number
- international number
- Internet number
- internet number
- irrational number
- job number
- Julian number
- line number
- logical block number
- logical cylinder number
- logical device number
- logical head number
- logical sector number
- logical unit number
- longitudinal propagation number
- Lorentz number
- Lundquist number - magnetic Reynolds number
- main quantum number
- mass number
- maximum usable read number
- Mersenne prime numbers
- mixed number
- mobile station international ISDN number
- mode number
- multiple number
- natural number
- network number
- non-registered parameter number
- normal fuzzy number
- normalized wave number
- number of augmented doubles
- number of cylinders
- number of epochs
- number of heads
- number of hidden layers
- number of logical cylinders
- number of logical heads
- number of logical sectors
- number of primary turns
- number of quantizing levels
- number of secondary turns
- number of sectors per track
- number of sessions
- number of states
- number of tracks
- number of turns
- Nusselt number
- occupation number
- odd number
- orbital quantum number
- ordinal number
- page number
- perfect number
- personal communication number
- personal identification number
- physical block number
- physical cylinder number
- physical head number
- physical sector number
- portable serial number
- portable user number
- Prandtl number
- preprogrammed number
- prime number
- principal quantum number
- priority number
- propagation number
- pseudodecimal number
- pseudorandom number
- quantum number
- radial mode number
- radix number
- random number
- rational number
- read number
- read-around number
- real number
- registered parameter number
- release number
- repeating decimal number
- resolvable element number
- revolution number
- Reynolds number
- round-off number
- scanning-lines number
- Schmidt number
- security service number
- seed number
- serial number
- Sherwood number
- signed number
- spin quantum number
- SS number
- statement number
- subnet number
- subscriber number
- surreal number
- T number
- telephone number
- ticket number
- tolerant fuzzy number
- toll-free number
- total quantum number
- track number
- transcendental number
- transfinite number
- translational quantum number
- transverse wave number
- trapezoidal fuzzy number
- triangular fuzzy number
- unimodal fuzzy number
- unlisted phone number
- unsigned number
- version number
- vias number
- vibrational quantum number
- Vickers number
- volume reference number
- volume serial number
- wave number
- whole number
- winding number
- Wolf numberThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > number
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68 implicit
adjective1) (implied) implizit; unausgesprochen [Drohung, Zweifel]2) (virtually contained)be implicit in something — in etwas (Dat.) enthalten sein
* * *[im'plisit]1) (unquestioning; complete: implicit obedience.) unbedingt2) (implied (not explicitly stated); understood indirectly: The diplomat's statement contained implicit criticism of the government.)•- academic.ru/37101/implicitly">implicitly* * *im·plic·it[ɪmˈplɪsɪt]1. (suggested) implizit, indirekt\implicit criticism indirekte Kritik\implicit confidence unbedingtes Vertrauen\implicit faith/obedience vorbehaltloser [o bedingungsloser] Glaube/Gehorsam* * *[Im'plIsɪt]adjto be implicit in sth — durch etw impliziert werden; in contract etc in etw (dat) impliziert sein
a threat was implicit in his action — in seiner Handlungsweise lag eine indirekte Drohung
2) (= unquestioning) belief, confidence absolut, unbedingt* * *implicit [ımˈplısıt] adj2. MATH implizit:implicit function implizite oder nicht entwickelte Funktion3. verborgen, hintergründig4. absolut, vorbehaltlos, bedingungslos:implicit faith (obedience) blinder Glaube (Gehorsam)* * *adjective1) (implied) implizit; unausgesprochen [Drohung, Zweifel]be implicit in something — in etwas (Dat.) enthalten sein
3) (resting on authority) unbedingt; blind [Vertrauen]* * *adj.eingeschlossen adj.implizit (Mathematik) adj.implizit adj.vorbehaltlos adj. -
69 specification
noun1) often pl. (details) technische Daten; (instructions) Konstruktionsplan, der; (for building) Baubeschreibung, die3)[patent] specification — Patentschrift, die
* * *speci·fi·ca·tion[ˌspesɪfɪˈkeɪʃən, AM -fəˈ-]nto conform to [or match] [or meet] the \specification dem Entwurf entsprechento draw up a \specification einen Entwurf erstellen3. no pl (description) genaue Angabe, Beschreibung f, Spezifikation f; (for patent) Patentschrift f; (for machines) Konstruktionsplan mdetailed \specification detaillierte Beschreibungto be almost identical in \specification vom Entwurf her fast identisch sein* * *["spesIfI'keISən]n1) (= specifying) Angabe fhis ideas need more specification — seine Ideen müssen noch genauer ausgeführt werden
2) (= detailed statement of requirements) genaue Angabe, Aufstellung f; (for patent) (genaue) Beschreibung; (= design, for car, machine) (detaillierter) Entwurf; (for building) Bauplan mspecifications pl — genaue Angaben pl; (of car, machine) technische Daten or Angaben pl; (of new building) Raum- und Materialangaben pl, Baubeschreibung
* * *specification [ˌspesıfıˈkeıʃn] s1. Spezifizierung f, Spezifikation f2. genaue Aufzählung, Spezifikation f3. pl Einzelangaben pl oder -vorschriften pl, besondersa) ARCH Baubeschrieb mb) technische Beschreibung4. JUR Patentbeschreibung f, -schrift f5. JUR Spezifikation f (Eigentumserwerb durch Verarbeitung)* * *noun1) often pl. (details) technische Daten; (instructions) Konstruktionsplan, der; (for building) Baubeschreibung, die3)[patent] specification — Patentschrift, die
* * *n.Angabe -n f.Beschreibung f.Bestimmung f.Pflichtenheft n.Spezifikation f. -
70 control
управление, регулирование, регулировать, управлять, управляющее воздействие, сигнал управления, контроль, контролировать, устройство управления, управляющее устройство, регулятор, средства управления
– control accuracy
– control action
– control algorithm
– control arm
– control block
– control box
– control bus
– control button
– control cabinet
– control capabilities
– control change
– control chart
– control circuit
– control code
– control coefficient
– control command
– control computation
– control computer
– control console
– control construct
– control criterion
– control cubicle
– control current
– control data
– control decomposition
– control desk
– control device
– control domain
– control dynamics
– control electronics
– control element
– control equipment
– control error
– control facilities
– control flexibility
– control flow
– control force
– control function
– control gear
– control hand
– control hardware
– control hierarchy
– control holes
– control input
– control input device
– control instruction
– control interval
– control key
– control keyboard
– control knob
– control lag
– control law
– control layer
– control level
– control lever
– control limit
– control line
– control list
– control logic
– control loop
– control material
– control means
– control mechanism
– control memory
– control message
– control mode
– control model
– control module
– control operation
– control organ
– control packet
– control panel
– control panel request
– control parameter
– control performance
– control period
– control point setting
– control portion
– control post
– control problem
– control procedure
– control process
– control processor
– control program
– control program file
– control program generation
– control pulse
– control quality
– control range
– control regime
– control register
– control relay
– control response
– control room
– control routine
– control science
– control section
– control sequence
– control signal
– control software
– control specification
– control stability
– control statement
– control station
– control step
– control strategy
– control structure
– control subsystem
– control switch
– control system
– control systems engineering
– control tape
– control terminal
– control test
– control theory
– control time
– control timer
– control transformer
– control unit
– control valve
– control variable
– control vector
– control word
– control-flow chart
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71 return
= RET1) возвратпередача управления в точку вызова (по адресу возврата) данной подпрограммы, функции или процедурысм. тж. backtrace, call, exit, function, procedure, return address, return code, return stack, return type, return value, routineв некоторых ЯВУ (например, C++) ключевое слово для возврата в точку вызова4) возвращать, отдаватьАнгло-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > return
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72 double
['dʌbl] 1. прил.1) двойной, удвоенный, в два раза большийdouble brush разг. — язвительное замечание
The workers receive double pay for working on Sundays. — Рабочие получают двойную плату за работу в воскресенье.
2) двойной, состоящий из двух частей; парный, сдвоенный, спаренныйThe house has double windows in the dining room. — В столовой были окна с двойными рамами.
Syn:3) двойной, двоякий, двойственныйSyn:4) двойственный; двуличный, лживый; двусмысленныйdouble game — двойная игра; двуличие, лицемерие
His statement had a double meaning. — Его заявление было двусмысленным.
Syn:5) бот. махровый2. сущ.Twelve is the double of six. — Двенадцать в два раза больше шести.
2) комната, номер на двоих ( в гостинице)3) двойник, копияShe is the double of her mother. — Она копия своей матери.
4) дубликат, дублетSyn:5) ( doubles) спорт. парная игра (в теннисе, настольном теннисе); двойная неправильная подача ( в теннисе)6) театр. актёр, исполняющий в пьесе две роли7) театр. дублёр8) воен. беглый шаг, сдвоенный шагon the double амер. / at the double брит. — быстро, бегом
10) дуплет ( в бильярде)12) охот. петля ( преследуемого зайца или другой дичи)Syn:14) разг. хитрость, уловкаto give smb. the double — улизнуть, ускользнуть от кого-л. (с помощью какой-л. хитрости)
to come the double — действовать, вести себя двояко
3. гл.to put a double on — надуть (кого-л.)
1)а) удваиватьto double the velocity / weight — удвоить скорость / вес
That new stock has doubled my income. — Эти новые акции удвоили мои доходы.
Syn:б) удваиватьсяSales doubled last year. — В прошлом году продажи удвоились.
Syn:2) воен. сдваивать ряды, колонны; двигаться беглым шагом4) подшивать дополнительный слой; покрывать дополнительной обшивкой5) = double upа) сгибать, складывать вдвоеSyn:б) сгибаться, складыватьсяHis knees doubled up under him. — У него подогнулись колени.
Syn:6) выполнять двойную функцию, иметь двойное назначениеThe indoors basketball court doubled for dances on week-ends. — Баскетбольный зал по субботам использовался для танцев.
7) замещатьto double for smb. — выполнять чьи-л. функции
Who will double for the secretary while he is on holiday? — Кто будет замещать секретаря, пока он в отпуске?
I'll double for you in the committee meeting. — Я заменю тебя на собрании комитета.
8) кино дублировать роль9) театр. исполнять две ролиHe's doubling the parts of a servant and a country labourer. — Он исполняет роль слуги и роль батрака.
Kate is playing the part of the dancer, but agreed to double as the mother. — Кейт играет роль танцовщицы, но согласилась сыграть ещё и роль матери.
10) играть на двух или более музыкальных инструментахA clarinetist would double on tenor sax. — Кларнетист играл еще и на теноровом саксофоне.
11) спорт. сдваивать пешки (ставить их на одну вертикаль друг за другом; в шахматах)12) бить шар дуплетом ( в бильярде)13) карт. удвоить заявку ( в бридже)14) мор. огибать, обходить15) делать изгиб ( о реке)16) охот. делать петлю ( о преследуемом звере)17) разг. ускользать, избегатьSyn:••- double back
- double over
- double up
- double down 4. нареч.1) вдвое, вдвойне, дваждыSyn:2) вдвоем, паройSyn:3) воен. ускоренным шагом; бегом••He sees double. — У него двоится в глазах. ( о пьяном)
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73 move
движение глагол:передвигать (move, shift, remove)передвинуть (move, shift)шевелиться (move, stir, budge)шевелить (move, stir)подвигаться (move, wear)растрогать (move, touch)перекладывать (shift, transfer, move, displace, handle, re-lay)имя существительное: -
74 explicit
1. a ясный, точный; определённый; высказанный до конца; недвусмысленный2. a подробный, детальный3. a спец. эксплицитный4. a искренний, откровенный5. a мат. явныйСинонимический ряд:1. candid (adj.) candid; frank; unreserved2. clear (adj.) categorical; clean-cut; clear; clear-cut; decided; definite; definitive; distinct; express; plain; positive; precise; specific; sure; unambiguous; unequivocal3. outspoken (adj.) open; outspoken; unabashed; unashamedАнтонимический ряд:ambiguous; concealed; confused; doubtful; dubious; equivocal; hazy; implicit; implied; indefinite; indeterminate; involved; mixed; obscure; reserved -
75 interface definition
определение интерфейсов; описание сопряженийsystem definition — описание системы; системное описание
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76 official
A n (of central or local government, of state) fonctionnaire mf ; (of party, trade union) officiel/-ielle m/f ; (of police, customs) agent m ; ( at town hall) employé/-e m/f. -
77 definition
описание; задание; определение -
78 private procedure
A Sub or Function procedure that has been declared as private by using the Private keyword in a Declare statement. Private procedures are available for use only by other procedures within the same module. -
79 return value
"A single value that is the result of the execution of a statement, method, or function." -
80 Language
Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)[A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling itSolving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into anotherLANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own LanguageThe forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)[It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chiefly governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)23) Language Is Inevitably Influenced by Specific Contexts of Human InteractionLanguage cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language
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