Перевод: со словенского на английский

с английского на словенский

С английского на:
Словенский
Со словенского на:
Английский

forms

Толкование Перевод

21 dikъ

dikъ Grammatical information: adj. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `wild'
Page in Trubačev: V 29-30

Church Slavic:

dikyi (RuCS) `wild, rude' [adj o]

Russian:

díkij `wild' [adj o], diká [Nomsf], díko [Nomsn]

Old Russian:

dikyi `wild' [adj o]

Slovak:

diký (Kott) `wild' [adj o]

Polish:

dziki `wild' [adj o]

Upper Sorbian:

dźiki `wild' [adj o]

Lithuanian:

dỹkas `empty, idle, for free, vacant' [adj o] 4

Latvian:

dīks `empty, idle, inactive' [adj o] \{1\}

Comments: Perhaps cognate with Skt. dayⁱ `fly (of birds, chariots, horses, gods)'. In view of the evidence for circumflex long i, the East Baltic forms, may be borrowings from Slavic, but the semantic difference (for which cf. Du. woest `desolate' -> `uncultivated, rough, wild') is conspicuous. Note that East Latv. dìeks², if correctly interpreted, may reflect * deik-.

Notes:

\{1\} Both dîks² and dìks² are attested. In principle this combination points to dìks. In East Latvian, there are also forms reflecting dìeks².

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > dikъ
22 drъgati

drъgati Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `tremble, shake'
Page in Trubačev: V 144

Russian:

drógat' (Voron.) `shake' [verb]

Czech:

drhati (rare) `tremble, shiver' [verb]

Slovak:

drgat' `shake' [verb]

Polish:

drgać `tremble, shiver' [verb]

Slovene:

dŕgati `tremble' [verb], dȓgam [1sg]

Comments: There are Baltic forms pointing to a Balto-Slavic root * drug- `tremble' (-> * drъžь). Alongside * drъgati we find forms with a secondarily lengthened root vowel. e.g. ORu., RuCS drygatisja `tremble', Ru. dial. drýgat', drygát' `tremble, shake, writhe'.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > drъgati
23 emela

emela; emelo; jьmela; jьmelo Grammatical information: f. ā; n. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `mistletoe'
Page in Trubačev: VI 26-27

Russian:

oméla `mistletoe' [f ā]

Old Russian:

omela `lure (for birds)' [f ā];

imela `lure (for birds)' [f ā]

Czech:

jmelí `mistletoe' [n io];

melí (dial.) `mistletoe' [n io];

omela (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā];

omelo (dial.) `mistletoe' [n o]

Old Czech:

jmelé `mistletoe' [n io]

Slovak:

jemelo (dial.), hemelo (dial.) `mistletoe' [n o];

imelo, jmelo (dial.) `mistletoe' [n o]

Polish:

jemioɫa `mistletoe' [f ā];

jamioɫa (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā];

imioɫa (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā]

Old Polish:

jemioɫa `mistletoe' [f ā];

jemioɫ `mistletoe' [m o];

jemioɫo `mistletoe' [n o]

Upper Sorbian:

jemjel `mistletoe' [m o]

Lower Sorbian:

jemjoɫ, hemjoɫ `mistletoe' [m o]

Serbo-Croatian:

ìmela `mistletoe' [f ā];

mèla `mistletoe' [f ā];

òmela (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā]

Slovene:

omę́la `mistletoe' [f ā];

imę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];

mę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];

melję̑ `mistletoe' [n jo]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: emel-

Lithuanian:

ãmalas, ẽmalas `mistletoe' [m o] 3^b

Latvian:

amuols;

ęmuols (BW);

amuls;

āmals;

āmuls `mistletoe, clover' [m o] \{1\}

Old Prussian:

emelno (EV) `mistletoe'

Indo-European reconstruction: emel-o-

IE meaning: mistletoe

Certainty: -

Comments: This plant name is probably a borrowing from a non-Indo-European substratum language. The Slavic forms with *jьm- may be due to popular etymology (the mistletoe's sap is used to produce bird-lime), cf. OCS imati `to take'. An etymological connection with PIE *h₁m- `to take' is doubtful, as is the connection with *H₃eHm- `raw' .

Notes:

\{1\} The forms with ā- may show the influence of âbuõls `apple, clover'.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > emela
24 emelo

emela; emelo; jьmela; jьmelo Grammatical information: f. ā; n. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `mistletoe'
Page in Trubačev: VI 26-27

Russian:

oméla `mistletoe' [f ā]

Old Russian:

omela `lure (for birds)' [f ā];

imela `lure (for birds)' [f ā]

Czech:

jmelí `mistletoe' [n io];

melí (dial.) `mistletoe' [n io];

omela (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā];

omelo (dial.) `mistletoe' [n o]

Old Czech:

jmelé `mistletoe' [n io]

Slovak:

jemelo (dial.), hemelo (dial.) `mistletoe' [n o];

imelo, jmelo (dial.) `mistletoe' [n o]

Polish:

jemioɫa `mistletoe' [f ā];

jamioɫa (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā];

imioɫa (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā]

Old Polish:

jemioɫa `mistletoe' [f ā];

jemioɫ `mistletoe' [m o];

jemioɫo `mistletoe' [n o]

Upper Sorbian:

jemjel `mistletoe' [m o]

Lower Sorbian:

jemjoɫ, hemjoɫ `mistletoe' [m o]

Serbo-Croatian:

ìmela `mistletoe' [f ā];

mèla `mistletoe' [f ā];

òmela (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā]

Slovene:

omę́la `mistletoe' [f ā];

imę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];

mę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];

melję̑ `mistletoe' [n jo]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: emel-

Lithuanian:

ãmalas, ẽmalas `mistletoe' [m o] 3^b

Latvian:

amuols;

ęmuols (BW);

amuls;

āmals;

āmuls `mistletoe, clover' [m o] \{1\}

Old Prussian:

emelno (EV) `mistletoe'

Indo-European reconstruction: emel-o-

IE meaning: mistletoe

Certainty: -

Comments: This plant name is probably a borrowing from a non-Indo-European substratum language. The Slavic forms with *jьm- may be due to popular etymology (the mistletoe's sap is used to produce bird-lime), cf. OCS imati `to take'. An etymological connection with PIE *h₁m- `to take' is doubtful, as is the connection with *H₃eHm- `raw' .

Notes:

\{1\} The forms with ā- may show the influence of âbuõls `apple, clover'.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > emelo
25 jьmela

emela; emelo; jьmela; jьmelo Grammatical information: f. ā; n. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `mistletoe'
Page in Trubačev: VI 26-27

Russian:

oméla `mistletoe' [f ā]

Old Russian:

omela `lure (for birds)' [f ā];

imela `lure (for birds)' [f ā]

Czech:

jmelí `mistletoe' [n io];

melí (dial.) `mistletoe' [n io];

omela (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā];

omelo (dial.) `mistletoe' [n o]

Old Czech:

jmelé `mistletoe' [n io]

Slovak:

jemelo (dial.), hemelo (dial.) `mistletoe' [n o];

imelo, jmelo (dial.) `mistletoe' [n o]

Polish:

jemioɫa `mistletoe' [f ā];

jamioɫa (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā];

imioɫa (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā]

Old Polish:

jemioɫa `mistletoe' [f ā];

jemioɫ `mistletoe' [m o];

jemioɫo `mistletoe' [n o]

Upper Sorbian:

jemjel `mistletoe' [m o]

Lower Sorbian:

jemjoɫ, hemjoɫ `mistletoe' [m o]

Serbo-Croatian:

ìmela `mistletoe' [f ā];

mèla `mistletoe' [f ā];

òmela (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā]

Slovene:

omę́la `mistletoe' [f ā];

imę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];

mę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];

melję̑ `mistletoe' [n jo]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: emel-

Lithuanian:

ãmalas, ẽmalas `mistletoe' [m o] 3^b

Latvian:

amuols;

ęmuols (BW);

amuls;

āmals;

āmuls `mistletoe, clover' [m o] \{1\}

Old Prussian:

emelno (EV) `mistletoe'

Indo-European reconstruction: emel-o-

IE meaning: mistletoe

Certainty: -

Comments: This plant name is probably a borrowing from a non-Indo-European substratum language. The Slavic forms with *jьm- may be due to popular etymology (the mistletoe's sap is used to produce bird-lime), cf. OCS imati `to take'. An etymological connection with PIE *h₁m- `to take' is doubtful, as is the connection with *H₃eHm- `raw' .

Notes:

\{1\} The forms with ā- may show the influence of âbuõls `apple, clover'.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > jьmela
26 jьmelo

emela; emelo; jьmela; jьmelo Grammatical information: f. ā; n. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `mistletoe'
Page in Trubačev: VI 26-27

Russian:

oméla `mistletoe' [f ā]

Old Russian:

omela `lure (for birds)' [f ā];

imela `lure (for birds)' [f ā]

Czech:

jmelí `mistletoe' [n io];

melí (dial.) `mistletoe' [n io];

omela (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā];

omelo (dial.) `mistletoe' [n o]

Old Czech:

jmelé `mistletoe' [n io]

Slovak:

jemelo (dial.), hemelo (dial.) `mistletoe' [n o];

imelo, jmelo (dial.) `mistletoe' [n o]

Polish:

jemioɫa `mistletoe' [f ā];

jamioɫa (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā];

imioɫa (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā]

Old Polish:

jemioɫa `mistletoe' [f ā];

jemioɫ `mistletoe' [m o];

jemioɫo `mistletoe' [n o]

Upper Sorbian:

jemjel `mistletoe' [m o]

Lower Sorbian:

jemjoɫ, hemjoɫ `mistletoe' [m o]

Serbo-Croatian:

ìmela `mistletoe' [f ā];

mèla `mistletoe' [f ā];

òmela (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā]

Slovene:

omę́la `mistletoe' [f ā];

imę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];

mę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];

melję̑ `mistletoe' [n jo]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: emel-

Lithuanian:

ãmalas, ẽmalas `mistletoe' [m o] 3^b

Latvian:

amuols;

ęmuols (BW);

amuls;

āmals;

āmuls `mistletoe, clover' [m o] \{1\}

Old Prussian:

emelno (EV) `mistletoe'

Indo-European reconstruction: emel-o-

IE meaning: mistletoe

Certainty: -

Comments: This plant name is probably a borrowing from a non-Indo-European substratum language. The Slavic forms with *jьm- may be due to popular etymology (the mistletoe's sap is used to produce bird-lime), cf. OCS imati `to take'. An etymological connection with PIE *h₁m- `to take' is doubtful, as is the connection with *H₃eHm- `raw' .

Notes:

\{1\} The forms with ā- may show the influence of âbuõls `apple, clover'.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > jьmelo
27 esètrъ

esètrъ; esètra Grammatical information: m. o; f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `sturgeon'
Page in Trubačev: VI 30-31

Russian:

osëtr `sturgeon' [m o], osetrá [Gens];

osetër (dial.) `sturgeon' [m o]

Old Russian:

jesetrъ `sturgeon' [m o];

osetrъ `sturgeon' [m o]

Czech:

jeseter `sturgeon' [m o]

Slovak:

jeseter `sturgeon' [m o]

Polish:

jesiotr `sturgeon' [m o]

Old Polish:

jesiotr `sturgeon' [m o];

jasiotr `sturgeon' [m o]

Upper Sorbian:

jesetr (arch.), jasotr (arch.) `sturgeon' [m o]

Lower Sorbian:

jesotr `sturgeon' [m o]

Serbo-Croatian:

jèsetra `sturgeon' [f ā]

Slovene:

jesētǝr `sturgeon' [m o]

Bulgarian:

esétra `sturgeon' [f ā]

Lithuanian:

erškẽtas `sturgeon' [m o];

erškė́tras (dial.) `sturgeon' [m o] 1 \{1\}

Old Prussian:

esketres `sturgeon'

Page in Pokorny: 18

Comments: It seems highly plausible that *jesètra is cognate with *jesera `awn, fishbone', Lith. ešerỹs `perch' and that both etyma belong to PIE *h₂ḱ- `sharp', cf. Lat. acipēnser `sturgeon' < *h₂eḱu-. The Baltic forms are not without problems, however. Forms like erškẽtas and erškė́tras were probably influenced by erškė́tis `thorn' (though it must be admitted that a development erškẽtas < eškẽtras is plausible in itself, cf. Toporov II: 89), but it is clear that the original form contained a k, cf. OPr. esketres, which is absent in Lith. ešerỹs. This may be the familiar intrusive velar which in Baltic frequently arose before s or z. In that case we would have to depart from a Baltic protoform *ekśetras.

Notes:

\{1\} OLith. ešketras `whale' (Bretkūnas) is probably a Prussianism.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > esètrъ
28 esètra

esètrъ; esètra Grammatical information: m. o; f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `sturgeon'
Page in Trubačev: VI 30-31

Russian:

osëtr `sturgeon' [m o], osetrá [Gens];

osetër (dial.) `sturgeon' [m o]

Old Russian:

jesetrъ `sturgeon' [m o];

osetrъ `sturgeon' [m o]

Czech:

jeseter `sturgeon' [m o]

Slovak:

jeseter `sturgeon' [m o]

Polish:

jesiotr `sturgeon' [m o]

Old Polish:

jesiotr `sturgeon' [m o];

jasiotr `sturgeon' [m o]

Upper Sorbian:

jesetr (arch.), jasotr (arch.) `sturgeon' [m o]

Lower Sorbian:

jesotr `sturgeon' [m o]

Serbo-Croatian:

jèsetra `sturgeon' [f ā]

Slovene:

jesētǝr `sturgeon' [m o]

Bulgarian:

esétra `sturgeon' [f ā]

Lithuanian:

erškẽtas `sturgeon' [m o];

erškė́tras (dial.) `sturgeon' [m o] 1 \{1\}

Old Prussian:

esketres `sturgeon'

Page in Pokorny: 18

Comments: It seems highly plausible that *jesètra is cognate with *jesera `awn, fishbone', Lith. ešerỹs `perch' and that both etyma belong to PIE *h₂ḱ- `sharp', cf. Lat. acipēnser `sturgeon' < *h₂eḱu-. The Baltic forms are not without problems, however. Forms like erškẽtas and erškė́tras were probably influenced by erškė́tis `thorn' (though it must be admitted that a development erškẽtas < eškẽtras is plausible in itself, cf. Toporov II: 89), but it is clear that the original form contained a k, cf. OPr. esketres, which is absent in Lith. ešerỹs. This may be the familiar intrusive velar which in Baltic frequently arose before s or z. In that case we would have to depart from a Baltic protoform *ekśetras.

Notes:

\{1\} OLith. ešketras `whale' (Bretkūnas) is probably a Prussianism.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > esètra
29 ěždžь

ěždžь; ěždžikъ; ězgarъ; ězgarь; ěskarъ Grammatical information: m. jo; m. o; m. o; m. jo; m. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `ruff'
Page in Trubačev: VI 60

Belorussian:

jadžgár `ruff' [m o]

Ukrainian:

jazgar (dial.) `ruff' [m o] \{1\}

Czech:

ježdík `ruff' [m o]

Polish:

jażdż (arch., N. dial.) `ruff' [m jo];

jaszcz (arch., N. dial.) `ruff' [m jo] \{2\};

jazgar (dial.) `ruff' [m o];

jazgier (dial.) `ruff' [m o];

jazgarz `ruff' [m jo];

jazgierz (arch.) `ruff' [m jo]

Old Polish:

jeżdżyk `ruff' [m o]

Kashubian:

i̯wžǯ, i̯wšč `ruff' [m jo]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: egź-io-;; ē̆źg-io-

Lithuanian:

ežgỹs `ruff' [m io] 4;

egžlỹs (arch.) `ruff' [m io] 4;

ežegỹs (Pruss.) `ruff' [m io] 3^b \{3\}

Old Prussian:

assegis (EV) `perch'

Page in Pokorny: 292

Comments: It seems perfectly plausible to me that this etymon is cognate with *ežь `hedgehog'. Like its close relative the perch, the ruff has prickly fins (cf. MoHG Barsch `perch', Borste `bristle', Lith. ešerỹs `perch', which presumably derives from *h₂eḱ- `sharp'). The g of this word may be the well-known Baltic intrusive velar. In that case, archaic Lith. egžlỹs would have preserved the original constellation. The Slavic forms would have to be borrowings from Baltic, which in view of their distribution is not unlikely.

Notes:

\{1\} Other dialect forms are jaškar and jazgar. \{2\} In this case the term "northern dialects" probably refers to Kashubian. \{3\} The Standard Lithuanian word is pūgžlỹs.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > ěždžь
30 ěždžikъ

ěždžь; ěždžikъ; ězgarъ; ězgarь; ěskarъ Grammatical information: m. jo; m. o; m. o; m. jo; m. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `ruff'
Page in Trubačev: VI 60

Belorussian:

jadžgár `ruff' [m o]

Ukrainian:

jazgar (dial.) `ruff' [m o] \{1\}

Czech:

ježdík `ruff' [m o]

Polish:

jażdż (arch., N. dial.) `ruff' [m jo];

jaszcz (arch., N. dial.) `ruff' [m jo] \{2\};

jazgar (dial.) `ruff' [m o];

jazgier (dial.) `ruff' [m o];

jazgarz `ruff' [m jo];

jazgierz (arch.) `ruff' [m jo]

Old Polish:

jeżdżyk `ruff' [m o]

Kashubian:

i̯wžǯ, i̯wšč `ruff' [m jo]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: egź-io-;; ē̆źg-io-

Lithuanian:

ežgỹs `ruff' [m io] 4;

egžlỹs (arch.) `ruff' [m io] 4;

ežegỹs (Pruss.) `ruff' [m io] 3^b \{3\}

Old Prussian:

assegis (EV) `perch'

Page in Pokorny: 292

Comments: It seems perfectly plausible to me that this etymon is cognate with *ežь `hedgehog'. Like its close relative the perch, the ruff has prickly fins (cf. MoHG Barsch `perch', Borste `bristle', Lith. ešerỹs `perch', which presumably derives from *h₂eḱ- `sharp'). The g of this word may be the well-known Baltic intrusive velar. In that case, archaic Lith. egžlỹs would have preserved the original constellation. The Slavic forms would have to be borrowings from Baltic, which in view of their distribution is not unlikely.

Notes:

\{1\} Other dialect forms are jaškar and jazgar. \{2\} In this case the term "northern dialects" probably refers to Kashubian. \{3\} The Standard Lithuanian word is pūgžlỹs.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > ěždžikъ
31 ězgarъ

ěždžь; ěždžikъ; ězgarъ; ězgarь; ěskarъ Grammatical information: m. jo; m. o; m. o; m. jo; m. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `ruff'
Page in Trubačev: VI 60

Belorussian:

jadžgár `ruff' [m o]

Ukrainian:

jazgar (dial.) `ruff' [m o] \{1\}

Czech:

ježdík `ruff' [m o]

Polish:

jażdż (arch., N. dial.) `ruff' [m jo];

jaszcz (arch., N. dial.) `ruff' [m jo] \{2\};

jazgar (dial.) `ruff' [m o];

jazgier (dial.) `ruff' [m o];

jazgarz `ruff' [m jo];

jazgierz (arch.) `ruff' [m jo]

Old Polish:

jeżdżyk `ruff' [m o]

Kashubian:

i̯wžǯ, i̯wšč `ruff' [m jo]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: egź-io-;; ē̆źg-io-

Lithuanian:

ežgỹs `ruff' [m io] 4;

egžlỹs (arch.) `ruff' [m io] 4;

ežegỹs (Pruss.) `ruff' [m io] 3^b \{3\}

Old Prussian:

assegis (EV) `perch'

Page in Pokorny: 292

Comments: It seems perfectly plausible to me that this etymon is cognate with *ežь `hedgehog'. Like its close relative the perch, the ruff has prickly fins (cf. MoHG Barsch `perch', Borste `bristle', Lith. ešerỹs `perch', which presumably derives from *h₂eḱ- `sharp'). The g of this word may be the well-known Baltic intrusive velar. In that case, archaic Lith. egžlỹs would have preserved the original constellation. The Slavic forms would have to be borrowings from Baltic, which in view of their distribution is not unlikely.

Notes:

\{1\} Other dialect forms are jaškar and jazgar. \{2\} In this case the term "northern dialects" probably refers to Kashubian. \{3\} The Standard Lithuanian word is pūgžlỹs.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > ězgarъ
32 ězgarь

ěždžь; ěždžikъ; ězgarъ; ězgarь; ěskarъ Grammatical information: m. jo; m. o; m. o; m. jo; m. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `ruff'
Page in Trubačev: VI 60

Belorussian:

jadžgár `ruff' [m o]

Ukrainian:

jazgar (dial.) `ruff' [m o] \{1\}

Czech:

ježdík `ruff' [m o]

Polish:

jażdż (arch., N. dial.) `ruff' [m jo];

jaszcz (arch., N. dial.) `ruff' [m jo] \{2\};

jazgar (dial.) `ruff' [m o];

jazgier (dial.) `ruff' [m o];

jazgarz `ruff' [m jo];

jazgierz (arch.) `ruff' [m jo]

Old Polish:

jeżdżyk `ruff' [m o]

Kashubian:

i̯wžǯ, i̯wšč `ruff' [m jo]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: egź-io-;; ē̆źg-io-

Lithuanian:

ežgỹs `ruff' [m io] 4;

egžlỹs (arch.) `ruff' [m io] 4;

ežegỹs (Pruss.) `ruff' [m io] 3^b \{3\}

Old Prussian:

assegis (EV) `perch'

Page in Pokorny: 292

Comments: It seems perfectly plausible to me that this etymon is cognate with *ežь `hedgehog'. Like its close relative the perch, the ruff has prickly fins (cf. MoHG Barsch `perch', Borste `bristle', Lith. ešerỹs `perch', which presumably derives from *h₂eḱ- `sharp'). The g of this word may be the well-known Baltic intrusive velar. In that case, archaic Lith. egžlỹs would have preserved the original constellation. The Slavic forms would have to be borrowings from Baltic, which in view of their distribution is not unlikely.

Notes:

\{1\} Other dialect forms are jaškar and jazgar. \{2\} In this case the term "northern dialects" probably refers to Kashubian. \{3\} The Standard Lithuanian word is pūgžlỹs.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > ězgarь
33 ěskarъ

ěždžь; ěždžikъ; ězgarъ; ězgarь; ěskarъ Grammatical information: m. jo; m. o; m. o; m. jo; m. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `ruff'
Page in Trubačev: VI 60

Belorussian:

jadžgár `ruff' [m o]

Ukrainian:

jazgar (dial.) `ruff' [m o] \{1\}

Czech:

ježdík `ruff' [m o]

Polish:

jażdż (arch., N. dial.) `ruff' [m jo];

jaszcz (arch., N. dial.) `ruff' [m jo] \{2\};

jazgar (dial.) `ruff' [m o];

jazgier (dial.) `ruff' [m o];

jazgarz `ruff' [m jo];

jazgierz (arch.) `ruff' [m jo]

Old Polish:

jeżdżyk `ruff' [m o]

Kashubian:

i̯wžǯ, i̯wšč `ruff' [m jo]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: egź-io-;; ē̆źg-io-

Lithuanian:

ežgỹs `ruff' [m io] 4;

egžlỹs (arch.) `ruff' [m io] 4;

ežegỹs (Pruss.) `ruff' [m io] 3^b \{3\}

Old Prussian:

assegis (EV) `perch'

Page in Pokorny: 292

Comments: It seems perfectly plausible to me that this etymon is cognate with *ežь `hedgehog'. Like its close relative the perch, the ruff has prickly fins (cf. MoHG Barsch `perch', Borste `bristle', Lith. ešerỹs `perch', which presumably derives from *h₂eḱ- `sharp'). The g of this word may be the well-known Baltic intrusive velar. In that case, archaic Lith. egžlỹs would have preserved the original constellation. The Slavic forms would have to be borrowings from Baltic, which in view of their distribution is not unlikely.

Notes:

\{1\} Other dialect forms are jaškar and jazgar. \{2\} In this case the term "northern dialects" probably refers to Kashubian. \{3\} The Standard Lithuanian word is pūgžlỹs.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > ěskarъ
34 klěščiti

klěščiti Grammatical information: v.
Page in Trubačev: X 22-23

Czech:

kleštiti `castrate' [verb];

klestiti `prune, clear, castrate' [verb]

Old Czech:

klestiti `castrate' [verb], klešču [1sg]

Slovak:

klieštit' `castrate' [verb]

Polish:

kleścić (dial.) `castrate' [verb], kleszczę [1sg], kleścisz [2sg];

kleszczyc (1902) `castrate' [verb]

Serbo-Croatian:

klijèštiti `squeeze' [verb]

Comments: Apparently a derivative of -> *klěšča. The ESSJa suggests that forms reflecting * klestiti are analogical after * pustiti, 1sg. *puščǫ. This may very well be correct, but it should be noted that the West Slavic forms with *- šč-, which could be analogical after the present stem or the noun *klěšča, are comparatively recent.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > klěščiti
35 màlъ

màlъ Grammatical information: adj. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `small, little'
Page in Trubačev: XVII 173-178

Old Church Slavic:

malъ `small, little' [adj o]

Russian:

mályj `small, little' [adj o]

Czech:

malý `small, little' [adj o]

Slovak:

malý `small, little' [adj o]

Polish:

maɫy `small, little' [adj o]

Serbo-Croatian:

mȁo `small, little' [adj o];

Čak. må̃lī (Vrgada) `small, little' [adj o];

Čak. mȃli (Orbanići) `small, little' [adj o]

Slovene:

mȃli `small, little' [adj o]

Bulgarian:

mal (BTR) `small, little' [adj o]

Indo-European reconstruction: moh₁-lo-

Page in Pokorny: 724

Comments: The question is whether *màlъ can be linked to PIE *melH-, as has been advocated by Varbot, for instance (1972: 63). In view of the acute root vowel, I consider this unlikely: we would have to posit a lengthened grade root of which the acute intonation is analogical after forms with full or zero grade. Thus, I prefer to reconstruct a root *mH₁-, which in the etymon under discussion is followed by an l-suffix (cf. Vaillant IV, 545, where the root is assumed to be identical with the root of Ru. majat', which I reconstruct as *meH₂-). The Germanic forms would have s mobile and zero grade of the root. Notice that Pokorny classifies CS mělъkъ under 1. mel-, melǝ- `zermalmen, schlagen, mahlen etc.', while OCS malъ can be found under mēlo-, smēlo- `kleines Tier'.

Other cognates:

Gk. μη̃λον `small cattle, goat, sheep' [n] \{1\};

OIr. míl `(small) `animal';

Go. smals `small, insignificant'
;

OIc. smali `small (live) `stock, sheep'

Notes:

\{1\} The Doric form also has η.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > màlъ
36 mě̑xъ

mě̑xъ; měšъkъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `bag (made from skin)'
Page in Trubačev: XVIII 156-159, 220-221

Old Church Slavic:

měxъ `wine-skin' [m o]

Russian:

mex `fur, (dial.) bag' [m o], méxa [Gens], mexá [Nom p] \{1\};

mešók `bag' [m o], mešká [Gens]

Czech:

měch `bag, net' [m o];

míšek `purse, small bag' [m o], mešká [Gens]

Slovak:

mech `bag' [m o]

Polish:

miech `bag, bellows' [m o]

Slovincian:

mjìex `bag, bellows' [m o]

Upper Sorbian:

měch `bag, bellows' [m o]

Serbo-Croatian:

mȉjeh `bellows, wine-skin' [m o], mȉjeha [Gens];

Čak. mȋh (Vrgada) `bellows, wine-skin' [m o], mȋha [Gens];

Čak. mȋh (Novi) `bellows, wine-skin' [m o];

Čak. mⁱȇh (Vrgada) `bellows, bag-pipes' [m o], mⁱȇhe [Locs]

Slovene:

mẹ̑h `fur, wine-skin, bellows, leather bag' [m o/u], mẹ̑ha [Gens], mẹhȗ [Gens];

mẹ̑šǝk `small bellows' [m o]

Bulgarian:

mjax `bellows, bag made from skin' [m o];

mex `bellows, bag made from skin' [m o]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: moiṣós

Lithuanian:

maĩšas `bag, sack' [m o] 4 \{2\}

Latvian:

màiss `bag' [m o]

Old Prussian:

moasis (EV) `bellows'

Indo-European reconstruction: moiso-

IE meaning: ram

Certainty: +

Page in Pokorny: 747

Comments: I feel that we should not attach too much importance to De Vries's observation that with respect to Germanic it is unwarranted to start from an original meaning `Tragkorb aus Fell' (1962: 382). In fact, the same would apply to the Baltic forms. I consider the semantic similarity between, for instance, Lith. maĩšas `ein aus Schnüren gestricktes Heunetz' (note that the meaning `net' is also attested in Slavic), OIc. heymeiss `hay-sack' and Eng. (dial.) maiz `large, light hay-basket' sufficient evidence for the etymological identity of the Germanic and the Balto-Slavic forms. MoIr. moais `bag, hamper', moaiseog `wicker basket' is doubtless a borrowing from Germanic.

Other cognates:

Skt. meṣá- `ram'
;

OIc. meiss `basket'
;

OHG meisa `pannier'

Notes:

\{1\} The plural noun mexí means `fur bag, wine-skin'. \{2\} Friedrich Kurschat's dictionary (1883) mentions the more specific meaning `ein aus Schnüren gestricktes Heunetz'.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > mě̑xъ
37 měšъkъ

mě̑xъ; měšъkъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `bag (made from skin)'
Page in Trubačev: XVIII 156-159, 220-221

Old Church Slavic:

měxъ `wine-skin' [m o]

Russian:

mex `fur, (dial.) bag' [m o], méxa [Gens], mexá [Nom p] \{1\};

mešók `bag' [m o], mešká [Gens]

Czech:

měch `bag, net' [m o];

míšek `purse, small bag' [m o], mešká [Gens]

Slovak:

mech `bag' [m o]

Polish:

miech `bag, bellows' [m o]

Slovincian:

mjìex `bag, bellows' [m o]

Upper Sorbian:

měch `bag, bellows' [m o]

Serbo-Croatian:

mȉjeh `bellows, wine-skin' [m o], mȉjeha [Gens];

Čak. mȋh (Vrgada) `bellows, wine-skin' [m o], mȋha [Gens];

Čak. mȋh (Novi) `bellows, wine-skin' [m o];

Čak. mⁱȇh (Vrgada) `bellows, bag-pipes' [m o], mⁱȇhe [Locs]

Slovene:

mẹ̑h `fur, wine-skin, bellows, leather bag' [m o/u], mẹ̑ha [Gens], mẹhȗ [Gens];

mẹ̑šǝk `small bellows' [m o]

Bulgarian:

mjax `bellows, bag made from skin' [m o];

mex `bellows, bag made from skin' [m o]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: moiṣós

Lithuanian:

maĩšas `bag, sack' [m o] 4 \{2\}

Latvian:

màiss `bag' [m o]

Old Prussian:

moasis (EV) `bellows'

Indo-European reconstruction: moiso-

IE meaning: ram

Certainty: +

Page in Pokorny: 747

Comments: I feel that we should not attach too much importance to De Vries's observation that with respect to Germanic it is unwarranted to start from an original meaning `Tragkorb aus Fell' (1962: 382). In fact, the same would apply to the Baltic forms. I consider the semantic similarity between, for instance, Lith. maĩšas `ein aus Schnüren gestricktes Heunetz' (note that the meaning `net' is also attested in Slavic), OIc. heymeiss `hay-sack' and Eng. (dial.) maiz `large, light hay-basket' sufficient evidence for the etymological identity of the Germanic and the Balto-Slavic forms. MoIr. moais `bag, hamper', moaiseog `wicker basket' is doubtless a borrowing from Germanic.

Other cognates:

Skt. meṣá- `ram'
;

OIc. meiss `basket'
;

OHG meisa `pannier'

Notes:

\{1\} The plural noun mexí means `fur bag, wine-skin'. \{2\} Friedrich Kurschat's dictionary (1883) mentions the more specific meaning `ein aus Schnüren gestricktes Heunetz'.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > měšъkъ
38 mogti

mogti Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `be able'
Page in Trubačev: XIX 107-111

Old Church Slavic:

mošti `be able' [verb], mogǫ [1sg], možetъ [3sg]

Russian:

moč' `be able' [verb], mogú [1sg], móžet [3sg]

Czech:

moci `be able' [verb], mohu [1sg], může [3sg]

Slovak:

môct' `be able' [verb], môžem [1sg]

Polish:

móc `be able' [verb], mogę [1sg], może [3sg]

Serbo-Croatian:

mòći `be able' [verb], mògu [1sg], mȍžē [3sg];

Čak. mȍći (Vrgada) `be able' [verb], mȏgu [1sg], mȍže [3sg];

Čak. mȍć (Orbanići) `can, be able (to), be allowed (to)' [verb], mȍren [1sg]

Slovene:

móči `be able, must' [verb], mǫ́rem [1sg], mórem [1sg]

Bulgarian:

móga `be able, be allowed' [verb]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: mog-

Lithuanian:

magė́ti `please, interest' \{1\} [verb], mãga [3sg]

Old Prussian:

massi `be able \{2\}

Indo-European reconstruction: mogʰ-

IE meaning: be able, capable

Page in Pokorny: 695

Comments: The generally accepted apophonic relationship between Slavic *mogti, Lith. magė́ti etc. on the one hand and mė́gti `love, like', Latv. mêgt `be able, be accustomed to' on the other cannot be maintained if one adheres to the view that the lengthened grade yielded a Balto-Slavic circumflex. The acute of the latter verbs may be due to Winter's law (*h₁meǵ- if cognate with Gk. περιημεκτέω `be aggrieved, chafe'). The o-vocalism of magė́ti and the Slavic and the Germanic forms points to an old perfect. For the semantic development `to be able' -> `to like', cf. Go. mag vs. MoHG mögen. As Pokorny remarks himself, his reconstruction *magʰ-, māgʰ- is entirely based on the presumed connection of the aforementioned forms with Gk. μηχανή `means, instrument', μη̃χος `instrument, apparatus', Dor. μᾱχᾱνα, μα̃ χος, which was rejected by Endzelīns (1931: 183), Fraenkel (1951, 168), Stang (1972, 37) a.o. for various reasons (cf. ESSJa X: 110) but nevertheless reappears in Lehmann 1986 (239).

Other cognates:

Skt. maghá- `power, wealth, gift'
;

Go. mag `have power, be able' [3sg];

OIc. mega `be able' [verb], má [3sg];

OHG magan, mugan `be able' [verb]

Notes:

\{1\} The verb usually occurs in impersonal constructions. \{2\} The scholarly community is divided with respect to the question whether massi is a borrowing from Slavic (viz. Polish może) or a genuine Prussian form (see Mažiulis III: 114 for the relevant literature).

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > mogti
39 ȍlkъtь

ȍlkъtь; ȍlkъtъ Grammatical information: m. jo; m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `elbow, ell'
Page in Trubačev: XXXII 65-67

Old Church Slavic:

lakъtь `elbow, ell' [m i], lakъte [Gens] \{2\}

Russian:

lókot' `elbow, ell' [m jo], lóktja [Gens]

Czech:

loket `elbow, ell' [m (j)o]

Slovak:

lakot' `elbow, ell' [m (j)o]

Polish:

ɫokieć `elbow, ell' [m jo]

Upper Sorbian:

ɫochć `elbow' [m jo];

ɫóchć (dial.) `elbow' [m jo]

Serbo-Croatian:

lȃkat `elbow, ell' [m o], lākta [Gens];

Čak. lȁkat (Vrgada) `elbow, ell' [m o], lȁhta [Gens];

Čak. lȁkat (Novi) `elbow, ell' [m o], lȁhta [Gens];

Čak. lȃkat (Orbanići) `elbow, armlength, yard (measure)' [m o], lȃhta [Gens]

Slovene:

lakȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], laktà [Gens], laktȗ [Gens], lahtà [Gens], lahtȗ [Gens];

lakȃt `elbow, ell' [f i], laktȋ [Gens], lahtȋ [Gens];

lahȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], lahtȗ [Gens];

lakǝ̀t `elbow, ell' [m o], laktà [Gens];

lákǝt `elbow, ell' [m o];

lǝkȃt `elbow, ell' [f i], lǝhtȋ [Gens];

lǝkȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], lǝhtȗ [Gens];

lèhǝt `elbow' [m o], lǝ̀hta [Gens]

Bulgarian:

lákăt `elbow, ell' [m jo]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: Hol-k-

Lithuanian:

alkū́nė `elbow' [f ē] 1;

elkū́nė (arch., dial.) `elbow' [f ē] 1 \{3\}

Latvian:

ę̀lks `elbow, bend' [m o];

ę̀lkuons `elbow, bend' [m o] \{4\}

Old Prussian:

alkunis (EV) `elbow'

Indo-European reconstruction: HHolkuti- \{1\}

IE meaning: elbow

Comments: The e- of the East Baltic forms may be another instance of "Rozwadowski's change". The somewhat awkward reconstruction *HHol- (*HH₃el-) is required by the acute intonation of Lith. úolektis, Latv. uôlekts `ell' < *HoHl- (*HeH₃l-), cf. OPr. woaltis `forearm', woaltis `ell', ὠλένη `elbow, forearm'. If one subscribes to the view that a lengthened grade vowel yields an acute in Balto-Slavic, *(H)ōl- is the obvious reconstruction.

Other cognates:

Gk. ολέκρα̑νος `point of the elbow'
;

Lat. ulna `elbow' [f];

OIr. uilen `elbow' [f];

OHG elina `ell' [f];

Arm. oɫn `spine, shoulder'

Notes:

\{1\} *HH₃elkuti seems also possible. \{2\} In some case forms OCS lakъtь is inflected as a consonant stem. In the modern languages *ȍlkъtь has adopted the pattern of the jo- or o-stems. \{3\} The LKŽ has elkū̃nė instead of elkū́nė, even though one of the sources mentioned - F. Kurschat's dictionary - actually has an acute. \{4\} Also ę̀lkuonis, ę̀lkuone, ę̀lkūne².

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > ȍlkъtь
40 ȍlkъtъ

ȍlkъtь; ȍlkъtъ Grammatical information: m. jo; m. o Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `elbow, ell'
Page in Trubačev: XXXII 65-67

Old Church Slavic:

lakъtь `elbow, ell' [m i], lakъte [Gens] \{2\}

Russian:

lókot' `elbow, ell' [m jo], lóktja [Gens]

Czech:

loket `elbow, ell' [m (j)o]

Slovak:

lakot' `elbow, ell' [m (j)o]

Polish:

ɫokieć `elbow, ell' [m jo]

Upper Sorbian:

ɫochć `elbow' [m jo];

ɫóchć (dial.) `elbow' [m jo]

Serbo-Croatian:

lȃkat `elbow, ell' [m o], lākta [Gens];

Čak. lȁkat (Vrgada) `elbow, ell' [m o], lȁhta [Gens];

Čak. lȁkat (Novi) `elbow, ell' [m o], lȁhta [Gens];

Čak. lȃkat (Orbanići) `elbow, armlength, yard (measure)' [m o], lȃhta [Gens]

Slovene:

lakȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], laktà [Gens], laktȗ [Gens], lahtà [Gens], lahtȗ [Gens];

lakȃt `elbow, ell' [f i], laktȋ [Gens], lahtȋ [Gens];

lahȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], lahtȗ [Gens];

lakǝ̀t `elbow, ell' [m o], laktà [Gens];

lákǝt `elbow, ell' [m o];

lǝkȃt `elbow, ell' [f i], lǝhtȋ [Gens];

lǝkȃt `elbow, ell' [m o/u], lǝhtȗ [Gens];

lèhǝt `elbow' [m o], lǝ̀hta [Gens]

Bulgarian:

lákăt `elbow, ell' [m jo]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: Hol-k-

Lithuanian:

alkū́nė `elbow' [f ē] 1;

elkū́nė (arch., dial.) `elbow' [f ē] 1 \{3\}

Latvian:

ę̀lks `elbow, bend' [m o];

ę̀lkuons `elbow, bend' [m o] \{4\}

Old Prussian:

alkunis (EV) `elbow'

Indo-European reconstruction: HHolkuti- \{1\}

IE meaning: elbow

Comments: The e- of the East Baltic forms may be another instance of "Rozwadowski's change". The somewhat awkward reconstruction *HHol- (*HH₃el-) is required by the acute intonation of Lith. úolektis, Latv. uôlekts `ell' < *HoHl- (*HeH₃l-), cf. OPr. woaltis `forearm', woaltis `ell', ὠλένη `elbow, forearm'. If one subscribes to the view that a lengthened grade vowel yields an acute in Balto-Slavic, *(H)ōl- is the obvious reconstruction.

Other cognates:

Gk. ολέκρα̑νος `point of the elbow'
;

Lat. ulna `elbow' [f];

OIr. uilen `elbow' [f];

OHG elina `ell' [f];

Arm. oɫn `spine, shoulder'

Notes:

\{1\} *HH₃elkuti seems also possible. \{2\} In some case forms OCS lakъtь is inflected as a consonant stem. In the modern languages *ȍlkъtь has adopted the pattern of the jo- or o-stems. \{3\} The LKŽ has elkū̃nė instead of elkū́nė, even though one of the sources mentioned - F. Kurschat's dictionary - actually has an acute. \{4\} Also ę̀lkuonis, ę̀lkuone, ę̀lkūne².

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > ȍlkъtъ

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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