excellence

mājestas, ātis, f. [major, magnus, q. v.], greatness, grandeur, dignity, majesty.

Lit., of the gods; also the condition of men in high station, as kings, consuls, senators, knights, etc., and, in republican states, esp. freq. of the people (class.).

Of the gods:

di non censent esse suae majestatis, praesignificare hominibus, quae sunt futura,

Cic. Div. 1, 38, 82 sq.:

primus est deorum cultus deos credere, deinde reddere illis majestatem suam,

Sen. Ep. 95, 50:

divinam majestatem asserere sibi coepit,

divine majesty, Suet. Calig. 22.—

Of men:

consulis,

Cic. Pis. 11, 24:

judicum,

id. Rosc. Am. 19, 54:

regia,

Caes. B. C. 3, 106:

ducis,

Phaedr. 2, 5, 23:

senatus,

Liv. 8, 34:

patria,

the paternal authority, id. 8, 7, 3:

inter nos sanctissima divitiarum majestas,

Juv. 1, 113.— The sovereign power, sovereignty of the Roman people:

majestatem populi Romani defendere,

Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:

per majestatem populi Romani subvenite misero mihi,

Sall. J. 14, 25: ad tantam magnitudinem Romana majestas cunctorum numinum favore pervenit, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 6, 4, 6: majestatem minuere or laedere, to injure or offend against the majesty, sovereignty of the people:

majestatem minuere est de dignitate, aut amplitudine, aut potestate populi, aut eorum, quibus populus potestatem dedit, aliquid derogare,

Cic. Inv. 2, 17, 53; Tac. A. 1, 72:

populi Romani majestatem laedere,

Sen. Contr. 4, 25, 13; Amm. 16, 8, 4; 19, 12, 1; 21, 12, 19 al.: crimen majestatis, high-treason; an offence against the majesty, sovereignty of the people:

et crimen majestatis, quod imperii nostri gloriae, rerumque gestarum monumenta evertere atque asportare ausus est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 41, § 88:

legionem sollicitare, res est, quae lege majestatis tenetur,

against treason, id. Clu. 35, 97:

condemnatus majestatis,

id. ib.:

laesae majestatis accusari,

Sen. Contr. 4, 25:

majestatis causā damnatus,

Dig. 48, 24, 1:

majestatis judicium,

ib. 2, 20:

Lege Julia majestatis tenetur is, cujus ope, consilio adversus imperatorem vel rem publicam arma mota sunt, exercitusve ejus in insidias deductus est,

Paul. Sent. 5, 29, 1.—As a title of honor of the Roman emperors, majesty, Phaedr. 2, 5, 23; Symm. Ep. 19, 16 et saep.—

Transf., in gen., honor, dignity, excellence, [p. 1102] splendor:

majestas et pudor matronarum,

Liv. 34, 2:

rex apum nullum habeat aculeum, majestate solā armatus,

Plin. 11, 17, 17, § 52: boum, i. e. fine condition, appearance, Varr R. R. 2, 5:

ipsa dierum Festorum herboso colitur si quando theatro,

Juv. 3, 173:

templorum,

id. 11, 111:

Tyria majestas,

the splendor of Tyrian purple, Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 79:

quanta illi fuit gravitas! quanta in oratione majestas!

Cic. Lael. 25, 96:

loci, i. e. Jovis templi,

Liv. 1, 53.

ne-scĭo, īvi or ĭi, ītum, 4, v. a., not to know, to be ignorant (syn. ignoro):

hunc nescire sat scio de illā amicā,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 48:

nescis cui maledicas nunc viro,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 29:

nec me pudet fateri nescire, quod nesciam,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 25, 60:

de Oropo opinor, sed certum nescio,

id. Att. 12, 23, 2:

quid nobis agendum sit, nescio,

id. ib. 7, 12, 2:

anima sit (animus) ignisve, nescio,

id. Tusc. 1, 25, 60:

nescis quantā cum expectatione sim te auditurus,

you cannot think, id. N. D. 3, 1, 2:

nescis, temeraria, nescis, Quem fugias,

Ov. M. 1, 514:

nobis omnia de te Quaerere, si nescis, maxima cura fuit,

id. H. 17, 197; 20, 150:

quod scis or scies, nescis, a formula used in advising another to keep a secret: ne tu hercle linguam comprimes Posthac: etiam illud quod scies nesciveris,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 89:

tu nescis id quod scis, Dromo, si sapies,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 26; id. Eun. 4, 4, 55.—With acc. and inf.:

nescibam id dicere illam,

Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 10:

nescit Agenorides natam parvumque nepotem Aequoris esse deos,

Ov. M. 4, 562.—With inf. alone:

nescire Tarquinios privatos vivere,

Liv. 2, 2, 3:

gens, quae victa quiescere nesciat,

id. 9, 3, 12; 22, 51, 4; Curt. 7, 7, 16; Just. 28, 3, 12; Aug. Serm. 330, 3.—

Pass.:

utrum consistere uspiam velit an mare transire nescitur,

Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2:

talibus locis pruinarum vis et natura nescitur,

Pall. 11, 4, 2:

lis antea nescita,

unknown, Sid. Ep. 8, 6.—

Nescio quis, nescio quid, nescio quomodo, nescio an, used in an assertion to express uncertainty with regard to some particular contained [p. 1204] in it; and usually without influencing the mood of the following verb: nescio quis, I know not who, some one, somebody, a certain person: nescio quid, I know not what, something, some, a certain:

prope me hic nescio quis loquitur,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 9:

nescio quid profecto mihi animus praesagit mali,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 7:

nisi me forte Paconii nescio cujus querelis moveri putes,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 6:

o pastores nescio quos cupidos litterarum,

id. Flacc. 17, 39; in affected ignorance, to denote that a thing is insignificant, small, mean, etc.:

fortasse non jejunum hoc nescio quid quod ego gessi, et contemnendum videtur,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 14:

quia nescio quid in philosophiā dissentiret,

a little, id. N. D. 1, 33, 93:

nescio quid litterularum,

a short letter, id. Att. 15, 4, 1:

rumoris nescio quid afflavit,

id. ib. 16, 5, 1:

causidicum nescio quem,

id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

nescio quid e quercu exsculpseram,

id. Att. 13, 28, 2:

sententiae nescio unde ex abdito erutae,

id. Or. 24, 79:

nescio quid etiam de Locrorum proelio,

id. N. D. 3, 5, 11:

mente nescio quā effrenatā atque praecipiti,

id. Cael. 15, 35:

illud nescio quod non fortuitum, sed divinum videbatur,

id. Fam. 7, 5, 2: nescio quid praeclarum, remarkable or extraordinary excellence, id. Arch. 7, 15:

fit enim, nescio quomodo, ut, etc.,

I know not how, id. Off. 1, 41, 146:

boni nescio quomodo tardiores sunt,

id. Sest. 47, 100:

qui, nescio quo modo, conspirant,

Nep. Alcib. 11, 1; id. Thras. 1, 3:

casu nescio quo,

Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 3:

alii nescio quo pacto obduruerunt,

id. ib. 5, 15, 2; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 6, § 18:

sed ita fato nescio quo contigisse arbitror, ut, etc.,

id. Fam. 15, 13, 2; cf.:

contra rem suam me nescio quando venisse questus est,

id. Phil. 2, 2, 3: nescio an, I know not whether, probably, perhaps:

constantiam dico? nescio an melius patientiam possim dicere,

id. Lig. 9, 26:

sin illam alteram, nescio an amplius mihi negotii contrahatur,

id. Cat. 4, 5, 9:

ingens eo die res et nescio an maxima illo bello gesta sit,

Liv. 23, 16; v. the art. an.—

In partic.

Not to know, to be unacquainted with a person or thing (mostly poet.):

illa illum nescit,

Plaut. Aul. prol. 30; Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 16:

non nescire hiemem,

Verg. G. 1, 391:

deos,

Luc. 1, 453:

litteras,

Sen. Clem. 2, 1:

vinum toto nescire Decembri,

i. e. to abstain from, Juv. 7, 97.—

Not to understand; to be unable:

non tam praeclarum est scire Latine, quam turpe nescire,

Cic. Brut. 37, 140; Juv. 6, 188:

stare loco nescit, said of a horse,

Verg. G. 3, 84:

nescit vox missa reverti,

cannot be unsaid, Hor. A. P. 390.—

To be incapable:

Stoici omnino irasci nesciunt,

Cic. de Or. 3, 18, 65:

qui nesciat irasci,

Juv. 10, 360.—Hence, nescĭens, entis, P. a., unknowing, ignorant, unaware (class. nescius):

ut nescientem sentiat te id sibi dare,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 59:

nesciens sui,

unconscious, App. Mag. p. 301, 9.—Hence, adv.: nescĭenter, unknowingly, ignorantly, Aug. Doctr. Chr. 2, 40.

nītor, nīsus and nixus ( inf. nitier, Lucr. 1, 1059; old form of the part. perf.: gnitus et gnixus a genibus prisci dixerunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 96 Müll.), 3, v. dep. n. [from gnitor; root gnic- or gnig-; cf.: nico, conivere], to bear or rest upon something.

Lit.

With abl.: ambae te obsecramus genibus nixae, we implore thee upon our knees, i. e. kneeling, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 33:

stirpibus suis niti,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 37:

herbescens viriditas, quae nixa fibris stirpium sensim adulescit,

id. Sen. 15, 51:

hastili nixus,

id. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

mulierculā nixus,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 33, § 86:

juvenis, qui nititur hastā,

Verg. A. 6, 760:

paribus nitens Cyllenius alis Constitit,

id. ib. 4, 252:

nixus baculo,

Ov. P. 1, 8, 52.—

With in and acc.:

nixus in hastam,

Verg. A. 12, 398.—

With de:

de quā pariens arbore nixa dea est,

Ov. H. 21, 100.—

With gen. of place:

humi nitens,

Verg. A. 2, 380.—

Absol.: Sisiphu' versat Saxum sudans nitendo, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

niti modo ac statim concidere,

to strive to rise, Sall. J. 101, 11.—

Transf.

To make one's way with an effort, to press forward, advance; and, with respect to the goal, to mount, climb, fly, etc. (mostly poet.):

quaedam serpentes ortae extra aquam simul ac primum niti possunt, aquam persequuntur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 48, 124:

nituntur gradibus,

Verg. A. 2, 442:

in altas rupes,

Luc. 4, 37:

ad sidera,

Verg. G. 2, 427:

in aëra,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 27:

in adversum,

id. M. 2, 72:

sursum nitier,

Lucr. 1, 1059.—Of violent bodily motion:

niti corporibus et ea huc illuc, quasi vitabundi aut jacientes tela agitare,

to struggle, Sall. J. 60, 4.—

To strain in giving birth, to bring forth, Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 107 (al. eniti):

nitor,

I am in labor, Ov. M. 9, 302; Pseud.-Ov. Her. 21, 100.—

To strain for a stool, Suet. Vesp. 20.—

Trop.

To strive, to exert one's self, make an effort, labor, endeavor:

moderatio modo virium adsit et tantum, quantum potest, quisque nitatur,

Cic. Sen. 10, 33; Nep. Att. 15, 2:

nisurus contra regem,

Caes. B. C. 2, 37; Sall. C. 38, 2:

pro aliquo,

Liv. 35, 10; cf.:

pro libertate summā ope niti,

Sall. J. 31, 17:

nitebantur, ne gravius in eum consuleretur,

Sall. J. 13, 8; cf.:

unus Miltiades maxime nitebatur, ut, etc.,

Nep. Milt. 4, 2. — Inf.:

summā vi Cirtam irrumpere nititur,

Sall. J. 25, 9:

patriam recuperare niti,

Nep. Pelop. 2:

ingenio nitor non periisse meo,

Ov. P. 3, 5, 34; id. M. 8, 694.— Absol., of soldiers hard pressed in battle:

tamen virtute et patientia nitebantur atque omnia vulnera sustinebant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45.—

To strive after a thing:

ad immortalitatem gloriae niti,

Cic. Sen. 23, 82:

ad summa, Quint. prooem. § 20: in vetitum,

Ov. Am. 3, 4, 17.—

To try to prove, contend in argument, argue, with acc. and inf.:

nitamur igitur nihil posse percipi,

Cic. Ac. 2, 21, 68.—

To rest, rely, depend upon a thing.

With in and abl.:

nixus in nomine inani,

Lucr. 5, 909:

conjectura in quā nititur divinatio,

Cic. Div. 2, 26, 55:

ea, in quibus causa nititur,

id. Cael. 10, 25:

cujus in vitā nitebatur salus civitatis,

id. Mil. 7, 19.—

With abl.:

spe niti,

Cic. Att. 3, 9, 2:

consilio atque auctoritate alicujus,

id. Off. 1, 34, 122; id. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2:

si quis hoc uno nititur quod sit ignobilis,

id. Clu. 40, 112.—

With ubi:

quo confugies? ubi nitere?

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 155.—Hence, P. a., as subst., Nixus, i, m., only plur., Nixi, ōrum, m., three guardian deities of women in labor, the statues of whom, representing them in a kneeling posture, stood on the Capitol before the chapel of Minerva, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Müll.:

magno Lucinam Nixosque patres clamore vocabam,

Ov. M. 9, 294.

nĭtor, ōris, m. [niteo], brightness, splendor, lustre, sheen.

Lit.:

nitor exoriens aurorae,

Lucr. 4, 538:

diurnus,

the daylight, Ov. H. 18, 78:

herbarum viridis,

Lucr. 5, 783:

argenti et auri,

Ov. P. 3, 4, 23:

eboris,

Plin. 7, 15, 13, § 64:

materiae,

of the wood, id. 16, 40, 79, § 215:

speculi,

id. 11, 37, 64, § 170:

gladii,

id. 2, 25, 22, § 89:

nigerrimus gemmae,

id. 37, 10, 69, § 184:

nitorem cutis facit sal,

id. 31, 7, 41, § 84.— Plur.:

nitores splendoresque auri,

Gell. 2, 6, 4.—

Transf.

Sleekness, plumpness, good looks, beauty:

nitor corporis,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 10:

urit me Glycerae nitor,

Hor. C. 1, 19, 5:

Liparei nitor Hebri,

id. ib. 3, 12, 6:

nullus totā nitor in cute,

Juv. 9, 13.—

Neatness, elegance, brilliancy of external appearance:

si quem... aliquid offendit, si purpurae genus, si amicorum catervae, si splendor, si nitor,

Cic. Cael. 31, 77:

habitus,

Juv. 3, 180:

oppidum praecipui nitoris,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 85.—

In gen., color, Lucr. 2, 819:

ludis et externo tincta nitore caput,

Prop. 2, 14, 26 (3, 11, 2).—

Trop., of speech, splendor, elegance, grace of style. —With gen.:

adhibendus erit in eis explicandis quidam orationis nitor,

Cic. Or. 32, 115:

domesticus eloquii,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 51:

nitor et cultus descriptionum,

Tac. Or. 20:

translationum,

Quint. 12, 10, 36.— Absol.:

sublimitas et magnificentia et nitor,

Quint. 8, 3, 3:

eruditione ac nitore praestare,

id. 10, 1, 98:

scripsit non sine cultu ac nitore,

id. 10, 1, 124.—

Of character, dignity, excellence:

generis,

Ov. P. 2, 9, 17; splendid liberality, Stat. S. 3, 3, 149.

nītor, nīsus and nixus ( inf. nitier, Lucr. 1, 1059; old form of the part. perf.: gnitus et gnixus a genibus prisci dixerunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 96 Müll.), 3, v. dep. n. [from gnitor; root gnic- or gnig-; cf.: nico, conivere], to bear or rest upon something.

Lit.

With abl.: ambae te obsecramus genibus nixae, we implore thee upon our knees, i. e. kneeling, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 33:

stirpibus suis niti,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 37:

herbescens viriditas, quae nixa fibris stirpium sensim adulescit,

id. Sen. 15, 51:

hastili nixus,

id. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

mulierculā nixus,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 33, § 86:

juvenis, qui nititur hastā,

Verg. A. 6, 760:

paribus nitens Cyllenius alis Constitit,

id. ib. 4, 252:

nixus baculo,

Ov. P. 1, 8, 52.—

With in and acc.:

nixus in hastam,

Verg. A. 12, 398.—

With de:

de quā pariens arbore nixa dea est,

Ov. H. 21, 100.—

With gen. of place:

humi nitens,

Verg. A. 2, 380.—

Absol.: Sisiphu' versat Saxum sudans nitendo, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

niti modo ac statim concidere,

to strive to rise, Sall. J. 101, 11.—

Transf.

To make one's way with an effort, to press forward, advance; and, with respect to the goal, to mount, climb, fly, etc. (mostly poet.):

quaedam serpentes ortae extra aquam simul ac primum niti possunt, aquam persequuntur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 48, 124:

nituntur gradibus,

Verg. A. 2, 442:

in altas rupes,

Luc. 4, 37:

ad sidera,

Verg. G. 2, 427:

in aëra,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 27:

in adversum,

id. M. 2, 72:

sursum nitier,

Lucr. 1, 1059.—Of violent bodily motion:

niti corporibus et ea huc illuc, quasi vitabundi aut jacientes tela agitare,

to struggle, Sall. J. 60, 4.—

To strain in giving birth, to bring forth, Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 107 (al. eniti):

nitor,

I am in labor, Ov. M. 9, 302; Pseud.-Ov. Her. 21, 100.—

To strain for a stool, Suet. Vesp. 20.—

Trop.

To strive, to exert one's self, make an effort, labor, endeavor:

moderatio modo virium adsit et tantum, quantum potest, quisque nitatur,

Cic. Sen. 10, 33; Nep. Att. 15, 2:

nisurus contra regem,

Caes. B. C. 2, 37; Sall. C. 38, 2:

pro aliquo,

Liv. 35, 10; cf.:

pro libertate summā ope niti,

Sall. J. 31, 17:

nitebantur, ne gravius in eum consuleretur,

Sall. J. 13, 8; cf.:

unus Miltiades maxime nitebatur, ut, etc.,

Nep. Milt. 4, 2. — Inf.:

summā vi Cirtam irrumpere nititur,

Sall. J. 25, 9:

patriam recuperare niti,

Nep. Pelop. 2:

ingenio nitor non periisse meo,

Ov. P. 3, 5, 34; id. M. 8, 694.— Absol., of soldiers hard pressed in battle:

tamen virtute et patientia nitebantur atque omnia vulnera sustinebant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45.—

To strive after a thing:

ad immortalitatem gloriae niti,

Cic. Sen. 23, 82:

ad summa, Quint. prooem. § 20: in vetitum,

Ov. Am. 3, 4, 17.—

To try to prove, contend in argument, argue, with acc. and inf.:

nitamur igitur nihil posse percipi,

Cic. Ac. 2, 21, 68.—

To rest, rely, depend upon a thing.

With in and abl.:

nixus in nomine inani,

Lucr. 5, 909:

conjectura in quā nititur divinatio,

Cic. Div. 2, 26, 55:

ea, in quibus causa nititur,

id. Cael. 10, 25:

cujus in vitā nitebatur salus civitatis,

id. Mil. 7, 19.—

With abl.:

spe niti,

Cic. Att. 3, 9, 2:

consilio atque auctoritate alicujus,

id. Off. 1, 34, 122; id. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2:

si quis hoc uno nititur quod sit ignobilis,

id. Clu. 40, 112.—

With ubi:

quo confugies? ubi nitere?

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 155.—Hence, P. a., as subst., Nixus, i, m., only plur., Nixi, ōrum, m., three guardian deities of women in labor, the statues of whom, representing them in a kneeling posture, stood on the Capitol before the chapel of Minerva, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Müll.:

magno Lucinam Nixosque patres clamore vocabam,

Ov. M. 9, 294.

nĭtor, ōris, m. [niteo], brightness, splendor, lustre, sheen.

Lit.:

nitor exoriens aurorae,

Lucr. 4, 538:

diurnus,

the daylight, Ov. H. 18, 78:

herbarum viridis,

Lucr. 5, 783:

argenti et auri,

Ov. P. 3, 4, 23:

eboris,

Plin. 7, 15, 13, § 64:

materiae,

of the wood, id. 16, 40, 79, § 215:

speculi,

id. 11, 37, 64, § 170:

gladii,

id. 2, 25, 22, § 89:

nigerrimus gemmae,

id. 37, 10, 69, § 184:

nitorem cutis facit sal,

id. 31, 7, 41, § 84.— Plur.:

nitores splendoresque auri,

Gell. 2, 6, 4.—

Transf.

Sleekness, plumpness, good looks, beauty:

nitor corporis,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 10:

urit me Glycerae nitor,

Hor. C. 1, 19, 5:

Liparei nitor Hebri,

id. ib. 3, 12, 6:

nullus totā nitor in cute,

Juv. 9, 13.—

Neatness, elegance, brilliancy of external appearance:

si quem... aliquid offendit, si purpurae genus, si amicorum catervae, si splendor, si nitor,

Cic. Cael. 31, 77:

habitus,

Juv. 3, 180:

oppidum praecipui nitoris,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 85.—

In gen., color, Lucr. 2, 819:

ludis et externo tincta nitore caput,

Prop. 2, 14, 26 (3, 11, 2).—

Trop., of speech, splendor, elegance, grace of style. —With gen.:

adhibendus erit in eis explicandis quidam orationis nitor,

Cic. Or. 32, 115:

domesticus eloquii,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 51:

nitor et cultus descriptionum,

Tac. Or. 20:

translationum,

Quint. 12, 10, 36.— Absol.:

sublimitas et magnificentia et nitor,

Quint. 8, 3, 3:

eruditione ac nitore praestare,

id. 10, 1, 98:

scripsit non sine cultu ac nitore,

id. 10, 1, 124.—

Of character, dignity, excellence:

generis,

Ov. P. 2, 9, 17; splendid liberality, Stat. S. 3, 3, 149.

nītor, nīsus and nixus ( inf. nitier, Lucr. 1, 1059; old form of the part. perf.: gnitus et gnixus a genibus prisci dixerunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 96 Müll.), 3, v. dep. n. [from gnitor; root gnic- or gnig-; cf.: nico, conivere], to bear or rest upon something.

Lit.

With abl.: ambae te obsecramus genibus nixae, we implore thee upon our knees, i. e. kneeling, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 33:

stirpibus suis niti,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 37:

herbescens viriditas, quae nixa fibris stirpium sensim adulescit,

id. Sen. 15, 51:

hastili nixus,

id. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

mulierculā nixus,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 33, § 86:

juvenis, qui nititur hastā,

Verg. A. 6, 760:

paribus nitens Cyllenius alis Constitit,

id. ib. 4, 252:

nixus baculo,

Ov. P. 1, 8, 52.—

With in and acc.:

nixus in hastam,

Verg. A. 12, 398.—

With de:

de quā pariens arbore nixa dea est,

Ov. H. 21, 100.—

With gen. of place:

humi nitens,

Verg. A. 2, 380.—

Absol.: Sisiphu' versat Saxum sudans nitendo, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

niti modo ac statim concidere,

to strive to rise, Sall. J. 101, 11.—

Transf.

To make one's way with an effort, to press forward, advance; and, with respect to the goal, to mount, climb, fly, etc. (mostly poet.):

quaedam serpentes ortae extra aquam simul ac primum niti possunt, aquam persequuntur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 48, 124:

nituntur gradibus,

Verg. A. 2, 442:

in altas rupes,

Luc. 4, 37:

ad sidera,

Verg. G. 2, 427:

in aëra,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 27:

in adversum,

id. M. 2, 72:

sursum nitier,

Lucr. 1, 1059.—Of violent bodily motion:

niti corporibus et ea huc illuc, quasi vitabundi aut jacientes tela agitare,

to struggle, Sall. J. 60, 4.—

To strain in giving birth, to bring forth, Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 107 (al. eniti):

nitor,

I am in labor, Ov. M. 9, 302; Pseud.-Ov. Her. 21, 100.—

To strain for a stool, Suet. Vesp. 20.—

Trop.

To strive, to exert one's self, make an effort, labor, endeavor:

moderatio modo virium adsit et tantum, quantum potest, quisque nitatur,

Cic. Sen. 10, 33; Nep. Att. 15, 2:

nisurus contra regem,

Caes. B. C. 2, 37; Sall. C. 38, 2:

pro aliquo,

Liv. 35, 10; cf.:

pro libertate summā ope niti,

Sall. J. 31, 17:

nitebantur, ne gravius in eum consuleretur,

Sall. J. 13, 8; cf.:

unus Miltiades maxime nitebatur, ut, etc.,

Nep. Milt. 4, 2. — Inf.:

summā vi Cirtam irrumpere nititur,

Sall. J. 25, 9:

patriam recuperare niti,

Nep. Pelop. 2:

ingenio nitor non periisse meo,

Ov. P. 3, 5, 34; id. M. 8, 694.— Absol., of soldiers hard pressed in battle:

tamen virtute et patientia nitebantur atque omnia vulnera sustinebant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45.—

To strive after a thing:

ad immortalitatem gloriae niti,

Cic. Sen. 23, 82:

ad summa, Quint. prooem. § 20: in vetitum,

Ov. Am. 3, 4, 17.—

To try to prove, contend in argument, argue, with acc. and inf.:

nitamur igitur nihil posse percipi,

Cic. Ac. 2, 21, 68.—

To rest, rely, depend upon a thing.

With in and abl.:

nixus in nomine inani,

Lucr. 5, 909:

conjectura in quā nititur divinatio,

Cic. Div. 2, 26, 55:

ea, in quibus causa nititur,

id. Cael. 10, 25:

cujus in vitā nitebatur salus civitatis,

id. Mil. 7, 19.—

With abl.:

spe niti,

Cic. Att. 3, 9, 2:

consilio atque auctoritate alicujus,

id. Off. 1, 34, 122; id. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2:

si quis hoc uno nititur quod sit ignobilis,

id. Clu. 40, 112.—

With ubi:

quo confugies? ubi nitere?

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 155.—Hence, P. a., as subst., Nixus, i, m., only plur., Nixi, ōrum, m., three guardian deities of women in labor, the statues of whom, representing them in a kneeling posture, stood on the Capitol before the chapel of Minerva, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Müll.:

magno Lucinam Nixosque patres clamore vocabam,

Ov. M. 9, 294.

nĭtor, ōris, m. [niteo], brightness, splendor, lustre, sheen.

Lit.:

nitor exoriens aurorae,

Lucr. 4, 538:

diurnus,

the daylight, Ov. H. 18, 78:

herbarum viridis,

Lucr. 5, 783:

argenti et auri,

Ov. P. 3, 4, 23:

eboris,

Plin. 7, 15, 13, § 64:

materiae,

of the wood, id. 16, 40, 79, § 215:

speculi,

id. 11, 37, 64, § 170:

gladii,

id. 2, 25, 22, § 89:

nigerrimus gemmae,

id. 37, 10, 69, § 184:

nitorem cutis facit sal,

id. 31, 7, 41, § 84.— Plur.:

nitores splendoresque auri,

Gell. 2, 6, 4.—

Transf.

Sleekness, plumpness, good looks, beauty:

nitor corporis,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 10:

urit me Glycerae nitor,

Hor. C. 1, 19, 5:

Liparei nitor Hebri,

id. ib. 3, 12, 6:

nullus totā nitor in cute,

Juv. 9, 13.—

Neatness, elegance, brilliancy of external appearance:

si quem... aliquid offendit, si purpurae genus, si amicorum catervae, si splendor, si nitor,

Cic. Cael. 31, 77:

habitus,

Juv. 3, 180:

oppidum praecipui nitoris,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 85.—

In gen., color, Lucr. 2, 819:

ludis et externo tincta nitore caput,

Prop. 2, 14, 26 (3, 11, 2).—

Trop., of speech, splendor, elegance, grace of style. —With gen.:

adhibendus erit in eis explicandis quidam orationis nitor,

Cic. Or. 32, 115:

domesticus eloquii,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 51:

nitor et cultus descriptionum,

Tac. Or. 20:

translationum,

Quint. 12, 10, 36.— Absol.:

sublimitas et magnificentia et nitor,

Quint. 8, 3, 3:

eruditione ac nitore praestare,

id. 10, 1, 98:

scripsit non sine cultu ac nitore,

id. 10, 1, 124.—

Of character, dignity, excellence:

generis,

Ov. P. 2, 9, 17; splendid liberality, Stat. S. 3, 3, 149.

nōbĭlĭtas, ātis, f. [nobilis].

Celebrity, fame, renown (very rare):

eam nobilitatem amittundam video,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 14:

praedicationem nobilitatemque despicere,

Cic. Arch. 11, 26:

repentina,

Liv. 1, 34; cf.:

aliquem nobilitate praecurrere,

Nep. Thras. 1, 3.—

High or noble birth, nobility:

ad illustrandam nobilitatem suam,

Cic. Brut. 16, 62:

nobilitate sui municipii facile primus,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15; Ov. P. 4, 16, 44; Juv. 8, 20.—

Meton., the nobility, the nobles, the aristocracy:

nobilitatis fautor,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 16:

omnis noster nobilitas interiit,

Caes. B. G. 7, 38:

nobilitas rempublicam deseruerat,

Liv. 26, 12;

opp. plebs,

id. 6, 42:

superbia commune nobilitatis malum,

Sall. J. 64, 1; Luc. 3, 77.—With verb in plur.:

namque coepere nobilitas dignitatem in dominationem vertere,

Sall. J. 41, 5. —

Plur.:

Claudius nobilitatibus externis mitis,

princes, Tac. A. 12, 20.—

Noble or excellent quality, nobleness, excellence, superiority:

cum florere Isocratem nobilitate discipulorum videret,

Cic. de Or. 3, 35, 141:

eloquio tantum nobilitatis inest,

Ov. P. 2, 5, 56; Vell. 1, 4, 2:

nobilitate ingenitā,

Tac. A. 1, 29:

prima croco Cilicio,

Plin. 21, 6, 17, § 31:

locorum,

id. 3, 5, 6, § 40:

columbarum,

id. 10, 37, 53, § 110:

obstetricum nobilitas (i. e. nobilissimae obstetrices),

id. 28, 6, 18, § 67.—Prov.:

nobilitas sola est atque unica virtus,

Juv. 8, 20.

pulchrĭtūdo ( pulcr-), ĭnis, f. [id.], beauty.

Lit.:

ut corporis est quaedam apta figura membrorum cum coloris quādam suavitate eaque dicitur pulchritudo,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 13, 31:

simulacri,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 33, § 72; cf.

corporis,

id. Off. 1, 28, 98:

pulchritudinis duo genera sunt, quorum in altero venustas est, in altero dignitas, venustatem muliebrem dicere debemus, dignitatem virilem,

id. ib. 1, 36, 130:

pulchritudinis habere verissimum judicium,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 3:

equi,

Gell. 3, 9, 8:

urbis,

Flor. 2, 6, 34:

flammae,

Suet. Ner. 38:

operis,

Plin. Ep. 10, 46, 3.—

Trop., beauty, excellence:

oratoris,

Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 71:

verborum,

Quint. 3, 7, 12:

orationis,

Petr. 2:

honestum suā pulchritudine specieque laudabile,

Cic. Fin. 2, 15, 38:

splendor pulchritudoque virtutis?

id. Off. 2, 10, 37; cf.:

ut Isocratis memorat pulchritudo,

i. e. the charming writer, Amm. 30, 8, 6.—

Transf., a beauty, i. e. a beautiful thing; in plur.:

pulchritudines,

i. e. beautiful jewels, Plin. 37, 9, 46, § 129.

pulchrĭtūdo ( pulcr-), ĭnis, f. [id.], beauty.

Lit.:

ut corporis est quaedam apta figura membrorum cum coloris quādam suavitate eaque dicitur pulchritudo,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 13, 31:

simulacri,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 33, § 72; cf.

corporis,

id. Off. 1, 28, 98:

pulchritudinis duo genera sunt, quorum in altero venustas est, in altero dignitas, venustatem muliebrem dicere debemus, dignitatem virilem,

id. ib. 1, 36, 130:

pulchritudinis habere verissimum judicium,

id. Inv. 2, 1, 3:

equi,

Gell. 3, 9, 8:

urbis,

Flor. 2, 6, 34:

flammae,

Suet. Ner. 38:

operis,

Plin. Ep. 10, 46, 3.—

Trop., beauty, excellence:

oratoris,

Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 71:

verborum,

Quint. 3, 7, 12:

orationis,

Petr. 2:

honestum suā pulchritudine specieque laudabile,

Cic. Fin. 2, 15, 38:

splendor pulchritudoque virtutis?

id. Off. 2, 10, 37; cf.:

ut Isocratis memorat pulchritudo,

i. e. the charming writer, Amm. 30, 8, 6.—

Transf., a beauty, i. e. a beautiful thing; in plur.:

pulchritudines,

i. e. beautiful jewels, Plin. 37, 9, 46, § 129.

quam (archaic form quamde or quande:

quamde pro quam usos esse antiquos, cum multi veteres testimonio sunt, tum Ennius... et Lucretius (1, 640),

Fest. p. 261 Müll.; cf. Enn. Ann. v. 29, and v. 139 Vahl. So, too, Naev. ap. Fest. s. v. topper, p. 352 Müll.), adv. [qui], in what manner, how, how much, as much as:

quam nihil praetermittis in consilio dando! quam nihil tamen, quod tibi placeat, explicas!

Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 1:

ut se accusari nolunt! quam cupiunt laudari!

id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:

quam multa, quam paucis!

id. Fam. 11, 24, 1:

quam sint morosi, intellegi potest,

id. ib. 7, 15, 1:

quam vellet, cunctaretur,

id. Div. 1, 26, 56:

memoriā tenetis, quam valde universi admurmurarint,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41:

quam quisque potest,

as much as each one can, Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 75:

quam potuit,

as far as he was able, Val. Max. 4, 1, 5.—With possum and a sup.:

concede huc ab isto, quam potest longissime,

as far as possible, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 81:

quam possunt mollissime,

as gently as possible, Cic. N. D. 2, 52, 129.—Also without possum:

quam maximas, quam primum, quam saepissime gratias agere,

Cic. Fam. 13, 6, 5:

ut quam angustissime Pompeium contineret,

Caes. B. C. 3, 45.— With posit. (post-Aug.):

tum Manlius... quam poterat clarā voce denuntiavit,

Val. Max. 6, 4, 1; 3, 2, 1 ext.; 4, 5, 1:

dixi de philosophiā quam breviter potui,

Lact. 3, 17, 1:

tusa cribrataque vino, quam possit excellenti,

as excellent as possible, Plin. 20, 24, 100, § 264; 18, 28, 68, § 274.—

In dependent clauses, indirect questions, etc.:

est fidei nostrae, declarare, quam memores simus,

Cic. Phil. 14, 11, 29:

scio, quam timida sit ambitio,

id. Mil. 16, 42:

quam id ratum sit, tu judicabis,

id. Att. 6, 1, 7:

id quam injustum esset, non videbat,

id. Off. 3, 21, 82:

dici non potest quam sim disputatione tuā delectatus,

id. Tusc. 2, 4, 10; id. N. D. 2, 20, 52; id. Ac. 2, 17, 52; id. Fin. 1, 11, 37; 1, 20, 65; 5, 12, 35; id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 47; 2, 1, 21, § 52; 2, 4, 44, § 98:

videte quam iniqui sint,

Sall. J. 85, 25; 62, 9:

ut sentias quam vile sit corpus,

Liv. 2, 12, 3; 24, 5, 2; Nep. Timoth. 4, 2.—

In partic.

In comparisons, as, than.

With tam:

tam ego ante fui liber, quam gnatus tuos,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 60; cf. id. ib. 3, 4, 11:

si era me sciat tam socordem esse quam sum,

id. Cist. 4, 2, 5:

tua est imago: tam consimilis est, quam potest,

id. Men. 5, 9, 4:

tam esse clemens tyrannus quam rex importunus potest,

Cic. Rep. 1, 33, 50; id. Div. 1, 6, 10 et saep.; v. tam.—

With ellipsis of corresp. tam:

homo non, quam isti sunt, gloriosus,

not so celebrated as those, Liv. 35, 49:

claris majoribus, quam vetustis,

rather than, Tac. A. 4, 61.—

With sup. and a corresp. tam, by how much the more, the more: quam acerbissima olea oleum facies, tam oleum optimum erit, the bitterer the olives, the better will be the oil, Cato, R. R. 65, 1:

quam paucissimos reliqueris, tam optimi fiunt,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9:

quam quisque pessume fecit, tam maxume tutus est,

Sall. J. 31, 14.—

With magis:

quam magis... tam magis,

the more... the more, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 5.—With tam omitted:

quam magis exhausto spumaverit ubere mulctra, Laeta magis pressis manabunt flumina mammis,

Verg. G. 3, 309.— With the second magis omitted:

quam magis te in altum capessis, tam aestus te in portum refert,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 6.—

In the reverse order: tam magis... quam magis,

the more... the more, Verg. A. 7, 787. —

With tanto:

quam magis... tanto magis,

the more... the more, Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 19; so Lucr. 6, 460.—

With a double comp.:

ne libentius haec in illum evomere videar, quam verius,

with more freedom than truth, Cic. Mil. 29, 78:

non acrior quam pertinacior impetus Romanorum,

Liv. 31, 35:

discrimen me occupavit, meliore hostium quam meo tempore,

Curt. 7, 7, 9.—

Tam... quam, with the comp. for the posit., so... as:

per dexteram te istam oro non tam in bellis et proeliis, quam in promissis et fide firmiorem,

Cic. Deiot. 3, 8.—

After comparatives or words of comparison, than:

nobis nihil est tlmendum magis quam ille consul,

Cic. Att. 7, 9, 3:

his igitur, quam physicis potius credendum existimas?

id. Div. 2, 16, 37; Cassius ap. Cic. Fam. 15, 19, 1; Cic. Pis. 26, 62:

majorem pecuniam praetori polliceri, quam quantam hic dedisset,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 29, § 70; id. de Or. 1, 36, 167:

qui plures milites eorum occidisset, quam quot superessent,

Liv. 35, 12.—So after verbs which imply comparison, verbs of preference, excellence, etc.; after praestat, Caes. B. G. 7, 17, 4; after malo:

esse quam videri bonus malebat,

Sall. C. 54, 5:

an est quod ego malim quam?

Cic. Par. 1; after statuo, Nep. Dat. 8, 1; after probo, Tac. A. 1, 58; after volo ( = boulomai ê), Liv. 3, 68, 11; 25, 29, 6.— Rarely quantus is used to strengthen quam, after comp.:

de re majore quam quanta ea esset,

Liv. 30, 23, 2:

implere homines certioris spei, quam quantam fides promissi humani subicere solet,

id. 26, 19, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.;

22, 2, 19.— But quam is often omitted after plus, minus, amplius, etc., without changing the case: minus duo milia hominum effugerunt,

Liv. 24, 16, 4:

plus partem dimidiam hominum caesam,

id. 36, 40, 5; cf. id. 29, 25, 2:

cum decem haud plus milibus militum,

id. 28, 1, 5:

ut hoc nostrum desiderium ne plus sit annuum,

Cic. Att. 5, 1, 1:

ferre plus dimidiati mensis cibaria,

id. Tusc. 2, 16, 37:

plus quingentos colaphos infregit mihi,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 45; Prop. 2, 19, 18 (3, 17, 32); v. Zumpt, Gram. § 485.—

With sic ( poet.):

quam multā grandine nimbi Culminibus crepitant, sic densis ictibus heros pulsat, etc.,

Verg. A. 5, 458.— With sic omitted, Verg. A. 6, 309 sqq.—

After aeque, so much... as:

nihil aeque eos terruit, quam robur ac color imperatoris,

Liv. 28, 26.—

After contra, otherwise... than, not so... as:

contra faciunt, quam professi sunt,

Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11.— So after secus:

ne me secus honore honestes quam ego te,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 50. —

After alius, with a preceding negative, not otherwise than, no other than:

nil aliud agens quam ut, etc.,

nothing else than, Liv. 44, 27, 12:

neque aliud totā urbe agi quam bellum apparari,

id. 4, 26, 12; Nep. Hann. 10, 1:

ob nullam aliam causam, quam ne,

from no other cause than, Liv. 45, 25; 34, 2, 12. — Rarely with alius affirmatively (for ac):

ipse me paulum in aliā quam prius habuerim opinione nunc esse confiteor,

Quint. 3, 6, 63. —

After aliter, otherwise than:

ne aliter, quam ego velim, meum laudet ingenium,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 24:

ne aliter quam si, etc.,

Col. 4, 2, 2.—

After supra:

saepe supra feret, quam fieri possit,

more than, Cic. Or. 40, 139.—

After ultra:

ultra, quam satis est, producitur,

farther than, Cic. Inv. 1, 18, 26.—

After diversum, otherwise than:

pransus quoque atque potus diversum valent quam indicant,

something altogether different from what, Quint. 1, 4, 29; cf., after advorsum, only Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 139 Brix ad loc.—

After words denoting number or quantity, which serve for comparison: dimidium tributi quam quod regibus ferre soliti erant, populo Romano pendere, the half of what, half as much as, Liv. 45, 18:

multiplex, quam pro numero, damnum est,

too great for, greater than, id. 7, 8:

ferramenta duplicia, quam numerus servorum exigit,

twice as many as, Col. 1, 8, 8.—So, too, after designations of time:

die vigesimā, quam creatus erat, dictaturā se abdicavit,

on the twentieth day after, Liv. 6, 29: tabellarii venerunt post diem sextum, quam a vobis discesserant, Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 1:

postridie venissemus, quam... fuissemus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 9:

postero die quam illa erant acta,

id. de Or. 2, 3, 12:

saeculis multis ante... inventa sunt, quam, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 5, 21. —

After the sup.:

bellum gerere cum tyranno, quam qui unquam, saevissimo et violentissimo in suos,

the most cruel that ever was, Liv. 34, 32.—

So with rel. and sup. after tam:

tam gratum mihi id erit, quam quod gratissimum,

Cic. Fam. 13, 3:

tam sum amicus rei publicae quam qui maxime,

id. ib. 5, 2, 6:

ego sum tam mitis, quam qui lenissimus,

id. Sull. 31, 87.—

Sometimes with magis or potius to be supplied, more... than:

tacita mulier semper, quam loquens,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 70 dub.:

pacem quam bellum probabam,

Tac. A. 1, 58. —

In mere intensive expressions, exceedingly, very, quite, indeed:

admodum quam saevos est,

very cruel indeed, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 43:

nimis quam formido, ne, etc.,

id. Most. 2, 2, 79:

nimis quam cupio,

id. Capt. 1, 2, 17:

quam familiariter,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 109: nam suos valde quam paucos habet, very few indeed, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 3:

mire quam,

Cic. Att. 1, 11, 3:

sane quam refrixit,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 5.

Roscĭus, i, m., the name of a Roman gens.

L. Roscius, a Roman ambassador, slain in a revolt at Fidenæ, Liv. 4, 17, 2.—

L. Roscius Otho, a friend of Cicero, who, when tribune of the people, A. U.C. 686, carried through a law that fourteen rows of seats in the theatre next to those of the senators should be appropriated to the knights, Cic. Mur. 19, 40; Liv. Epit. 99; Ascon. ap. Cornel. p. 784; Vell. 2, 32, 3; Plin. 7, 30, 31, § 117; Juv. 14, 324. The law just referred to was called Lex Roscia, Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 44; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 62; Tac. A. 15, 32.—

Q. Roscius Gallus, a freedman from Lanuvium, a very celebrated actor, the intimate friend of Cicero, who defended him in an oration still extant. His excellence soon became proverbial:

videtisne, quam nihil ab eo (sc. Roscio) nisi perfecte, nihil nisi cum summā venustate flat, etc.... Itaque hoc jam diu est consecutus, ut in quo quisque artificio excelleret, is in suo genere Roscius diceretur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 28, 130; 59, 251; id. Arch. 8, 17; cf. id. Brut. 84, 290; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 82. — Hence,

Roscĭā-nus, a, um, adj., Roscian: imitatio senis, Roscius ' s, Cic. de Or. 2, 59, 242.—

Sex. Roscius, of Ameria, defended by Cicero, A. U. C. 674, in an oration still extant, Cic. Off. 2, 14, 51; id. Brut. 90, 312.—

Lucius Roscius, who commanded a legion under Cæsar, Caes. B. G. 7, 53; id. B. C. 1, 10.

splendor, ōris, m. [splendeo], sheen, brightness, brilliance, lustre, splendor.

Lit.

In gen. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

syn.: fulgor, nitor): splendor acer adurit saepe oculos,

Lucr. 4, 304:

splendor clipeo clarior, Plaut Mil. 1, 1, 1: caelum splendore plenum,

id. Merc. 5, 2, 39:

flammae,

Ov. F. 5, 366:

auri (with nitor gemmae),

Auct. Her. 4, 50, 63:

argenti,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 28:

jussine in splendorem dare bullas has foribus nostris?

to be polished, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 20; cf. id. Aul. 4, 1, 16:

clarus vestis purpureaï,

Lucr. 2, 52; cf.:

magnificus Babylonicorum,

id. 4, 1029:

aquaï,

clearness, id. 4, 211:

aquarum,

Front. Aquaed. 89:

minii,

Plin. 33, 7, 40, § 121:

lapidis phengitae,

Suet. Dom. 14 et saep.— Plur.:

nitores et splendores auri,

Gell. 2, 6, 4: tremuli splendores, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olyb. 123. —

In partic., of style of living, etc., splendor, magnificence, sumptuousness (class.;

syn. magnificentia): (majores nostri) in publicā dignitate omnia ad gloriam splendoremque revocarunt,

Cic. Fl. 12, 28:

si quem horum aliquid offendit, si amicorum catervae, si splendor, si nitor,

id. Cael. 31, 77:

splendor domūs atque victūs,

Gell. 1, 14, 1.—

Trop., lustre, splendor, honor, dignity, excellence, etc. (so most freq. in Cic.):

honesti homines et summo splendore praediti,

Cic. Clu. 69, 198:

summorum hominum splendor,

id. de Or. 1, 45, 200: senator [p. 1745] populi Romani, splendor ordinis, id. Caecin. 10, 28:

equester,

id. Rosc. Am. 48, 140; cf. id. Fam. 1, 3, 1; 1, 12, 27:

imperii,

id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:

animi et vitae,

id. Rep. 2, 42, 69:

vitae,

Liv. 3, 35, 1:

dignitatis,

Cic. Sull. 1:

M. Catonis splendorem maculare,

id. Sest. 28, 60:

harum rerum splendor omnis et amplitudo,

id. Off. 1, 20, 67:

splendore nominis capti,

id. Fin. 1, 13, 42:

verborum Graecorum,

id. Or. 49, 164; cf. id. ib. 31, 110; Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 2; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 111:

actio ejus habebat in voce magnum splendorem,

clearness, Cic. Brut. 68, 239; so,

vocis,

id. ib. 71, 250; Plin. 20, 6, 21, § 47.

virtūs, ūtis ( gen. plur. virtutium, App. Mag. 73; Paul. Nol. Carm. 10, 34; dat. and abl. VIRTVTEI, Inscr. Corp. Lat. 1, 30 and 34), f. [vir], manliness, manhood, i. e. the sum of all the corporeal or mental excellences of man, strength, vigor; bravery, courage; aptness, capacity; worth, excellence, virtue, etc.:

virtus clara aeternaque habetur,

Sall. C. 1, 4:

ni virtus fidesque vostra spectata mihi forent,

id. ib. 20, 2; id. J. 74, 1.

In gen.

Lit.:

ita fiet, ut animi virtus corporis virtuti anteponatur,

Cic. Fin. 5, 13, 38:

his virtutibus ornatus, modestiā, temperantiā, justitiā,

id. Off. 1, 15, 46; cf.:

virtutes continentiae, gravitatis, justitiae, fidei,

id. Mur. 10, 23:

virtus atque integritas,

id. Font. 13, 29:

oratoris vis divina virtusque,

id. de Or. 2, 27, 120.—

Transf., of animals, and of inanimate or abstract things, goodness, worth, value, power, strength, etc.:

nam nec arboris, nec equi virtus (in quo abutimur nomine) in opinione sita est, sed in naturā,

Cic. Leg. 1, 16, 45:

praedium-solo bono, suā virtute valeat,

Cato, R. R. 1, 2:

merci pretium statui, pro virtute ut veneat,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 131:

navium,

Liv. 37, 24, 1:

ferri,

Just. 11, 13, 11:

herbarum,

Ov. M. 14, 357:

oratoriae virtutes,

Cic. Brut. 17, 65:

oratio habet virtutes tres,

Quint. 1, 5, 1:

dicendi (opp. vitium),

id. 8, praef. §

17: facundiae,

id. 12, 3, 9.—

In partic.

In the phrase deūm virtute, usu. with dicam, by the aid or merit of the gods, i. e. the gods be thanked (anteclass), Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 65:

virtute deūm et majorum nostrūm,

id. Aul. 2, 1, 44; id. Capt. 2, 2, 71 dub.; cf. id. Mil. 3, 1, 85 and 90;

so virtute eorum (i. e. majorum),

id. Trin. 3, 2, 17.—

Moral perfection, virtuousness, virtue.

Lit.:

est autem virtus nihil aliud quam in se perfecta et ad summum perducta natura,

Cic. Leg. 1, 8, 25:

virtus est animi habitus naturae modo rationi consentaneus,

id. Inv. 2, 53, 159:

cum omnes rectae animi affectiones virtutes appellentur... Appellata est ex viro virtus, etc.,

id. Tusc. 2, 18, 43; id. Inv. 2, 53, 159:

nec vero habere virtutem satis est quasi artem aliquam, nisi utare... virtus in usu sui tota posita est,

id. Rep. 1, 2, 2:

est in eo virtus et probitas et summum officium summaque observantia,

id. Fam. 13, 28, a, 2.—

Transf., Virtue, personified as a deity, Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 61; 2, 31, 79; id. Leg. 2, 8, 19; 2, 11, 28; id. Phil. 14, 13, 34; Plaut. Am. prol. 42; Liv. 27, 25, 7; 29, 11, 13; Juv. 1, 115 al.—

Military talents, courage, valor, bravery, gallantry, fortitude (syn. fortitudo), etc.:

Helvetii reliquos Gallos virtute praecedunt, quod fere cottidianis proeliis cum Germanis contendunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 1, 2;

1, 13: militum,

Sall. J. 52, 6; 62, 1:

Claudi virtute Neronis Armenius cecidit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 26:

Scipiadae,

id. S. 2, 1, 72; cf. id. Epod. 9, 26; 16, 5; id. C. 2, 7, 11.—

Obstinacy:

iniqua,

Stat. Th. 11, 1.