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61 Vermessungsingenieur
* * *Ver|mẹs|sungs|in|ge|ni|eur(in)m(f)land surveyor* * *Ver·mes·sungs·in·ge·ni·eur(in)m(f) [land] surveyor* * * -
62 Raumfahrtingenieur
Raum|fahrt|in|ge|ni|eur(in)m(f)astronautical engineer* * *Raum·fahrt·in·ge·ni·eur(in)m(f) aerospace engineer -
63 descuento1
1 = discount, deduction, rebate, trade-in allowance, discount ticket, reduced rate, special rate, reduced fee, discounted price, discount price, marked-down price, mark-down.Ex. The price, discount, and postage information is used to update the fund and vendor files and to pay the invoice.Ex. Each man took an equal share of the payment, regardless of how many pages he had set; deductions were made only for failings such as unpunctuality.Ex. The amount of rebate is three percentage points per year for the first five years of the loan.Ex. The company also offers a flat $50 trade-in allowance on major encyclopedias from other publishers.Ex. All employees can access the intranet where they can find information on the company fitness centre, employee anniversaries, and discount tickets to local attractions.Ex. Subscription price is 55 pounds (103 dollars) with reduced rates for members of the Institute of Information Scientists.Ex. Availability is by means of a monthly subscription of 34.95 dollars with special rates for doctors' groups.Ex. We have exetended the registration deadline for reduced fee of 300 EUR instead of 350 EUR until April, 17th.Ex. In fact, the discounted prices for large consortia are meaningless; probably not a single buyer has actually paid the undiscounted price.Ex. After February 24, the discount price is $495 and $595 until the day before the event, a savings of up to $900 off onsite registration.Ex. Instead of keeping such items in our warehouse collecting dust, we are placing them here for a clearance sale at significantly marked-down prices.Ex. Customers will be charged either a mark-up or a mark-down, depending on whether they are buying or selling.----* con descuento = at a discount, discounted, cut-price, cut-rate.* descuento por compra al por mayor = bulk deal, bulk rate, bulk rate discount.* descuento por inscripción anticipada = early bird registration, early bird price, early bird price, early-bird discount, early bird rate, early bird registration rate.* descuento por reserva anticipada = early booking discount.* descuento por ser estudiante = student rate.* hacer descuento = discount.* hacer un descuento = give + discount.* ofrecer descuento = offer + discount.* período de descuento por inscripción anticipada = early bird period.* precio con descuento = discounted price, discount price.* sin descuento = undiscounted.* vale de descuento = coupon. -
64 media pensión
f.half board.* * *half board* * *femenino ( en hoteles) half board; ( en colegios): los alumnos en régimen de medio medio pupils who have school dinners* * *(adj.) = half boardEx. Price per person sharing a double room (half board): EUR 575 incl. VAT.* * *femenino ( en hoteles) half board; ( en colegios): los alumnos en régimen de medio medio pupils who have school dinners* * *(adj.) = half boardEx: Price per person sharing a double room (half board): EUR 575 incl. VAT.
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65 descuento
m.discount.hacer descuento to give a discountcon descuento at a discountun descuento del 10 por ciento 10 percent offpres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: descontar.* * *1 discount, reduction, deduction2 DEPORTE injury time\con descuento at a discount, on offerdescuento por pronto pago cash discount* * *noun m.* * *SM1) (Com) discountun descuento del 3% — a discount of 3%, a 3% discount
¿me podría hacer un descuento? — could I have a discount?
2) (Dep) injury time, overtime (EEUU)* * *1)a) ( rebaja) discountun descuento del 15% — a 15% discount
compre Cremol, ahora con descuento — buy Cremol, now on special offer
b) ( del sueldo) deduction2) (Dep) injury time3) (de letra, pagaré) discount* * *1)a) ( rebaja) discountun descuento del 15% — a 15% discount
compre Cremol, ahora con descuento — buy Cremol, now on special offer
b) ( del sueldo) deduction2) (Dep) injury time3) (de letra, pagaré) discount* * *descuento11 = discount, deduction, rebate, trade-in allowance, discount ticket, reduced rate, special rate, reduced fee, discounted price, discount price, marked-down price, mark-down.Ex: The price, discount, and postage information is used to update the fund and vendor files and to pay the invoice.
Ex: Each man took an equal share of the payment, regardless of how many pages he had set; deductions were made only for failings such as unpunctuality.Ex: The amount of rebate is three percentage points per year for the first five years of the loan.Ex: The company also offers a flat $50 trade-in allowance on major encyclopedias from other publishers.Ex: All employees can access the intranet where they can find information on the company fitness centre, employee anniversaries, and discount tickets to local attractions.Ex: Subscription price is 55 pounds (103 dollars) with reduced rates for members of the Institute of Information Scientists.Ex: Availability is by means of a monthly subscription of 34.95 dollars with special rates for doctors' groups.Ex: We have exetended the registration deadline for reduced fee of 300 EUR instead of 350 EUR until April, 17th.Ex: In fact, the discounted prices for large consortia are meaningless; probably not a single buyer has actually paid the undiscounted price.Ex: After February 24, the discount price is $495 and $595 until the day before the event, a savings of up to $900 off onsite registration.Ex: Instead of keeping such items in our warehouse collecting dust, we are placing them here for a clearance sale at significantly marked-down prices.Ex: Customers will be charged either a mark-up or a mark-down, depending on whether they are buying or selling.* con descuento = at a discount, discounted, cut-price, cut-rate.* descuento por compra al por mayor = bulk deal, bulk rate, bulk rate discount.* descuento por inscripción anticipada = early bird registration, early bird price, early bird price, early-bird discount, early bird rate, early bird registration rate.* descuento por reserva anticipada = early booking discount.* descuento por ser estudiante = student rate.* hacer descuento = discount.* hacer un descuento = give + discount.* ofrecer descuento = offer + discount.* período de descuento por inscripción anticipada = early bird period.* precio con descuento = discounted price, discount price.* sin descuento = undiscounted.* vale de descuento = coupon.descuento22 = injury time.Ex: Flanker was the hero who scored the try that brought Australia to within a point of the lead into injury time at the end of the match.
* * *A1 (rebaja) discount[ S ] no se hacen descuentos no discounts givenme hicieron un descuento del 15% I got a 15% discountcompre Cremol, ahora con descuento buy Cremol, now on special offerdescuentos para empleados staff discounts2 (del sueldo) deductionB ( Dep) injury timemarcó en el (tiempo de) descuento he scored in injury timeestar jugando los descuentos (CS fam); to be on one's last legs ( colloq), to have one foot in the grave ( colloq)C (de una letra, un pagaré) discount* * *
Del verbo descontar: ( conjugate descontar)
descuento es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
Multiple Entries:
descontar
descuento
descontar ( conjugate descontar) verbo transitivo
1a) ( rebajar):◊ me descontó el 15% he gave me a 15% discount
‹ horas› to deduct
2 ( exceptuar):◊ si descontamos a Pedro/los domingos … if we don't count Pedro/Sundays …
3 ‹letra/pagaré› to discount
descuento sustantivo masculino
1
◊ hacen un descuento del 15% they give a 15% discount
2 (Dep) injury time
3 (de letra, pagaré) discount
descontar verbo transitivo
1 (rebajar) to deduct, give a discount
(no incluir) to leave out, disregard: descontando a tus padres, tocamos a mil por cabeza, not counting your parents, we'll pay a thousand per head
2 Dep (tiempo) to add on
descuento sustantivo masculino discount: nos hicieron descuento, they gave us a discount
con descuento, at a discount
' descuento' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ciento
- dto
- premiar
- tipo
- aplicar
- bonificación
- conceder
- rebaja
- vale
English:
allowance
- deduction
- discount
- per cent
- railcard
- reduction
- injury
- knock
- off
- rebate
* * *♦ nm1. [rebaja] discount;un descuento del 5 por ciento 5 percent off;con descuento at a discount;vendemos todo con descuento we sell everything at a discount;artículos con descuento discounted items;con el descuento se le queda en 5.000 with the discount it comes to 5,000;hacer descuento to give a discount;nos hicieron un descuento del 10 por ciento they gave us a 10 percent discount;llevar descuento to be on special offer;los trajes no llevan descuento there are no discounts on suitsCom descuento comercial trade discount;descuento duro hard discountmarcaron en el tiempo de descuento they scored in injury time3. [de remuneración, salario] deduction* * *m1 discount2 DEP stoppage time* * *descuento nmrebaja: discount* * *1. (rebaja) discount / reductionme hicieron un descuento de 10% they gave me a 10% discount2. (tiempo añadido) injury time -
66 ἄγνος
Grammatical information: f. m.Origin: Eur PGX [probably a word of Pre-Greek origin] [probably a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Also ἄγονος; cf. ἄγονον = μυρσίνη ἀγρία (FUR 381). One compares OCS jagnędъ `Schwarzpappel' (Lidén IF 18, 506). So a Eur. substr. word? (on the phenomenon Beekes 2000). On folk etymology etc. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 154. Further Specht Ursprung 173, Rohlfs WB s.v. - Also a fish and a bird, DELG.Page in Frisk: 1,13Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄγνος
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67 βίσων
βίσων, - ωνοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `Eur. bison' (Paus.)Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur.Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βίσων
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68 γέρρον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: Different objects from wicker-work, `shield' (Hdt.;), `wattles, booths, body of a cart' (D.), `stake, arrow' (Eup.), = `τὸ αἰδοῖον' Epich.).Compounds: γερροφόρος `shieldbearer' (Pl.)Derivatives: γερράδια στρωτηρίδια H.; cf. Chantr. Form. 72, Schwyzer 487. - Here also γέρσυμον ἄκρον ἁλιευτικοῦ καλάμου H.? (cf. γέρρον = `stake'), variant γένσιμον H. and κέρσιμον (Sch.) s. below; not with Latte to ἀγείρω. - On γάρρα and γάρσανα s.s.v. γάρσανα.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur.Etymology: γέρσυμον (not to be corrected with Latte in γέρσιμον) beside γένσιμος, κέρσιμον point to a Pre-Greek word (ε\/α, κ\/γ, ι\/υ). Here also prob. Arm. car̄ `tree', pl. `shrubs'. Further one connects ON kiarr n. `shrubs' (PGg. *kersá-). With other vocalism ON kass (\< * kars) `basket', PGm. *kársa-. Here also γάρσανα and γάρρα. The whole prob. Eur. substratum words. Fur. 117. - From γέρρα pl. Lat. gerra f. `wicker-work'.Page in Frisk: 1,300-301Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γέρρον
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69 γῡπη
γῡ́πηGrammatical information: f.Other forms: γύπας καλύβας, καὶ θαλάμας. οἱ δε γυπῶν νεοσσιάς (referring through folk etymology to γύψ, s. v.). οἱ δε τὰς κατὰ γῆς οἰκήσεις, οἱ δε σπήλαια... H.;Origin: SU Eur.Etymology: Connected with Germanic word for `room, cave etc.', ONo kofi, OE cofa, NHG Koben etc. These words may be Eur. substratum words, Beekes KZ 109 (1996)223-227. Aw. gufra- `deep' is prob. unrelated, s. Mayrhofer EWAia s. gabhīráḥ. - On γυπάριον s. γύψ.Page in Frisk: 1,335Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γῡπη
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70 καμασήν
καμασήν, - ῆνοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: name of an unknown fish (Emp., AP, Hdn. Gr., H.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur. substr.Etymology: - From the fish name ἠλακατήν from ἠλακάτη one would posite for καμασήν a basis *κάμασος with suffixal - ασος as in πέτασος, κόμπασος (Chantraine Formation 435; I don't understand the reasoning and I don't find it in the Formation). One connects Baltoslavic words for the Wels [unknown to me], Lith. šāmas, Latv. sams, Slav. (Russ. etc.) som. One further connects κάμ-αξ `pole, bar' (s. v.), Solmsen Wortforsch. 122f.; on the motive see Strömberg Fischnamen 36. So from a Eur. substratum? Fur. 214 connects κάβα(ι)σος, καμασός, but without evidence.Page in Frisk: 1,771Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καμασήν
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71 καρπός 1
καρπός 1.Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `fruit, fruits of the earth, corn, yields' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. ka-poCompounds: several compp., e. g. καρπο-φόρος, ἄ-καρπος.Derivatives: Diminut. καρπίον (Thphr., pap.); adjectives: κάρπιμος `giving fruit' (trag., com., hell.; cf. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 45 a. 47), καρπώδης `rich in fruits' (Rom. empire). Denomin. verbs: 1. καρπόομαι `reap fruits, exploit' (IA.), - όω `give, produce fruit' = `bring (burnt) sacrif.' (A., LXX) with κάρπωμα `fruit, sacrif.' and κάρπωσις `use, profit, sacrif.', καρπώσιμος (Hermipp. Hist.); cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 449 a. 2, 550. 2. καρπίζομαι (- ίζω Paros; hell. inscr.) `reap fruits' (E., hell.), - ίζω `fertilize' (E. in lyr.); καρπισμός `yields ' (Arist., Thphr.). 3. καρπεύω, - εύομαι `reap fruits' (Hyp., hell.) with καρπεία `profit, income', καρπεῖον `id.', also = καρπός.Origin: Sub. Eur.Etymology: The nearest comparison gives Lat. carpō `pluck (off)'; so καρπός `plucking off, what is reaped'; on the unexpected oxytonesis s. Schwyzer 459. Here also the Germ. word for `autumn', e. g. OHG herbist (IE. * karpistos prop. "best to pluck", from the month?); also Venet. PN. Carponia, Carpus etc.?; cf. Haas Sprache 2, 235 with uncertain further combinations. As α in καρπός (as opposed to the a in carpō and e in herbist) can also represent vocalic r̥, one also adduces Lith. kerpù `cut with a scissors'. However, Gr. *r̥ would have given - ρα-. The connexion with κρώπιον is prob. wrong (s.v.; the word is Pre-Greek). Also Skt. kr̥pāṇa- `sword' will be unrelated. The words for `sickle' may be related. The French (DELG) posit an "a populaire", which means that the word is a loan, from a Eur. substratum? Cf. Pok 944 * (s)kerb(h)-. Further s. κρώπιον.Page in Frisk: 1,792-793Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καρπός 1
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72 λαγαίω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: aor. λαγάσαι (Crete),Compounds: also with ἀπο-.Derivatives: ἀπολάγαξις `release' (Crete; on the formation Chantraine Form. 281, Bechtel Dial. 2, 746). - Several nouns, that do not directly depend from the verb: 1. λαγαρός `slack, emaciated, thin' (IA.) with λαγαρότης `slackness etc.', λαγαρόομαι `get slack' (AP) with λαγάρωσις (Eust.; of στίχοι λαγαροί). λαγαρίζομαι meaning unclear (com.); 2. λάγανον `thin cake' (hell.) with λαγάνιον (late) and λαγανίζω (?; Hp. Morb. Sacr. 13 ; cf. Kind Herm. 72, 368) ; 1. a. 2. first from a noun *λαγαρ \/ ν-? (vgl. Benveniste Origines 18; to the frequent nom. in - ανον Chantraine Form. 198 f.). A ν-suffix also in the semantically deviant 3. λάγνος (- νης; on the barytone acc. Schwyzer 489) `lascivious, voluptuous' with λαγνεύω `be lascivious, be lecherous', λαγνεία `the act of coition etc.' (IA.). 4. *λαγος (*λάξ) `slack, thin' in λαγόνες pl. f. (m..), rarely - ών sg. `the hollows on the side, the flanks' (IA.), also in λαγώς `hare' (s. v.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur. substr.XEtymology: A direct agreement to *λαγος, if from *σλαγος (s. on λήγω) gives a Germ. adj. for `slack': Nord. slakr , OS slac, OE slæc etc.; here with anlaut. l- (= IE.) MLG. lak `id.', thus OIr. lacc `id.' (with expressive gg). The formal identity of λαγών and WNo. lake `flap', of λάγανον and OS lakan, OHG lahhan `cloth' rests on parallel innovations of the separate languages. - With λαγαρός we can directly compare Toch. A slākkär `sad'. Beside it with s-suffix Lat. laxus `slack, weak etc.'; also Skt. ślakṣṇá- `slippery, meagre, thin' (from *slakṣ- assim., Hendriksen IF 56, 27 f.)? - Disyllabic λαγά-σαι (: λαγαρός) has an example in the synonymous χαλά-σαι (: χαλαρός); λαγαίω is innovation like κεραίω, ἀγαίομαι (s. κεράννυμι and ἀγα-; diff. Specht Ursprung 325); besides NGr. (Cret.) λαγάζω, s. Schulze Kl. Schr. 354 n. 1. Cf. also on κλαδαρός. - With diff. ablaut here λήγω, λωγάνιον, λωγάς, s. vv. - As * slh₂g- would have given *slāg-, the form has not been explained; is it a Eur. substratum word?Page in Frisk: 2,68Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λαγαίω
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73 λύγξ 2
Grammatical information: m. f.Other forms: λυγγός E. fr. 683.Compounds: As 1. member in λυκό-λυγξ `wolflynx' (pap. in Sb. Heidelb. 1923: 2, 14, 13); λυγγούριον ( λυγκ-, λιγκ- u. a.) n. kind of amber (Thphr., Delos IIIa), s. v.Derivatives: λυγκίον dimin. (Callix.), λύγγιος `of the lynx' (Edict. Diocl.). On ambivalent PN Λυγκεύς (Hdt., Pi.) s. Boßhardt 130f.; from there λυγκεύς as name of an eye-salve (medic.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur. substr.Etymology: Old name of the lynx, found also in Armenian, German and Balto-Slavic. Except for the nasal λύγξ has a counterpart in Lith. consonant stem lūš-ų (gen. pl.), with as innovation the i-stem lū́š-is. The same transformation show the Slav. words, which however through influence of an other word (* rysъ `sotted, red'?) got an initial r-: Russ. rýsь etc. Also elsewhere transformstions have occurred: with thematic vowel in Swed. lō `lynx' (PGm. * luh-a-, IE *luḱ-o-); with s-sufflx in Westgermanic: OHG luhs, OE lox (cf. Germ. Fuchs, OE fox); with n-suffix in Arm. lus-an-un-k` (ἅπ. εἰρ.) pl., which also supposes old full grade (IE *leuḱ- or louḱ-). The Arm. n-fomation might be connected somehow with the Greek nasalinfix, which reappers also in Lith. dial. (Zem.) lųnšis. - Details and further connections in Bq, WP. 2, 411 f., Pok. 690, Fraenkel Wb. s. lū́šis, Vasmer Wb. s. rýsь. - Fur. 121 adduces considerations that show that it is in origin a non-IE word. The word has been connected with the root *leuḱ- `see' and would refer to the sharp sight of the animal. But this cannot explain the long ū of Balto-Slavic. Nor can the -n- be explained; nor the g of Gr. λύγγ-ιος. So the word is non-IE, prob. a loan from a Eur. substratum. - I see no reason to connect the gloss λουνόν λαμπρόν H. The PN Λυγκεύς may be cognate or not. S. also λυγγούριον.Page in Frisk: 2,141-142Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λύγξ 2
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74 λυγκός
Grammatical information: m. f.Other forms: λυγγός E. fr. 683.Compounds: As 1. member in λυκό-λυγξ `wolflynx' (pap. in Sb. Heidelb. 1923: 2, 14, 13); λυγγούριον ( λυγκ-, λιγκ- u. a.) n. kind of amber (Thphr., Delos IIIa), s. v.Derivatives: λυγκίον dimin. (Callix.), λύγγιος `of the lynx' (Edict. Diocl.). On ambivalent PN Λυγκεύς (Hdt., Pi.) s. Boßhardt 130f.; from there λυγκεύς as name of an eye-salve (medic.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur. substr.Etymology: Old name of the lynx, found also in Armenian, German and Balto-Slavic. Except for the nasal λύγξ has a counterpart in Lith. consonant stem lūš-ų (gen. pl.), with as innovation the i-stem lū́š-is. The same transformation show the Slav. words, which however through influence of an other word (* rysъ `sotted, red'?) got an initial r-: Russ. rýsь etc. Also elsewhere transformstions have occurred: with thematic vowel in Swed. lō `lynx' (PGm. * luh-a-, IE *luḱ-o-); with s-sufflx in Westgermanic: OHG luhs, OE lox (cf. Germ. Fuchs, OE fox); with n-suffix in Arm. lus-an-un-k` (ἅπ. εἰρ.) pl., which also supposes old full grade (IE *leuḱ- or louḱ-). The Arm. n-fomation might be connected somehow with the Greek nasalinfix, which reappers also in Lith. dial. (Zem.) lųnšis. - Details and further connections in Bq, WP. 2, 411 f., Pok. 690, Fraenkel Wb. s. lū́šis, Vasmer Wb. s. rýsь. - Fur. 121 adduces considerations that show that it is in origin a non-IE word. The word has been connected with the root *leuḱ- `see' and would refer to the sharp sight of the animal. But this cannot explain the long ū of Balto-Slavic. Nor can the -n- be explained; nor the g of Gr. λύγγ-ιος. So the word is non-IE, prob. a loan from a Eur. substratum. - I see no reason to connect the gloss λουνόν λαμπρόν H. The PN Λυγκεύς may be cognate or not. S. also λυγγούριον.Page in Frisk: 2,141-142Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λυγκός
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75 πρῖνος
Grammatical information: f. (m.)Meaning: `holm-oak, kermes-oak, Quercus ilex, coccifera' (Hes.).Other forms: πρίνη f. `id.' (Eup.).Derivatives: πριν-ίδιον n. dimin. (Ar., Ael.), - εύς m. `oak grove' (Erythrae IVa), - ινος `made of π., hard, tough' (Hes.), - ώδης 'π.-like, hard' (Ar.); Πρινόεσσα f. name of an island (Epeiros).Origin: Eur. substr ?Etymology: Unexplained. For Anatol. origin speaks the Carin PlN Πρινασσός (Carnoy Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 10, 222). "Pelasgian" etymology by Carnoy REGr. 69, 284 (to be rejected). After Machek Ling. Posn. 2, 155 to Slav. brinъ `larch' as loan from a connon source. Earlier, also unconvincing attempts by Bq; cf. also WP. 1, 524 and W.-Hofmann s. cerrus and cornus (w. lit.). -- Furnée 165 assumes a Pre-Roman(ce) * brin `Pinus mugus' (Machek), so a Eur. loan.Page in Frisk: 2,595Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πρῖνος
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76 πυρσός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `firebrand (= a burning piece of wood), torch'Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Pre-Eur.Etymology: Furnée 157 derives πυρρός (s.v.) from this form. PN of Epeirotic kings Πύρρων and Πύρσων. Lat. has burrus, birrus, Roman. būrius (REW 1410), Lat. būricus `small horse' called after the colour, Rom. *burrīcus beside * burriccus `hinny' (REW 1413). Furnée suggests that it is an old Pre-Eur. word for the colour of a horse, which was only later associated with πῦρ `fire'Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πυρσός
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77 σκάπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to dig, to dig out, to work the earth', κατα- σκάπτω `to inter, to bury', usu. `to demolish, to raze to the ground, to destroy' (h. Merc., Pi.).Other forms: Aor. σκάψαι (IA.), fut. σκάψω, perf. ἔσκαφα, midd. ἔσκαμμαι (Att.), aor. pass. σκαφ-ῆναι (E., hell.), fut. - ήσομαι (J. a. o.),Compounds: Often w. prefix, esp. κατα-.Derivatives: Several derivv. (on the forms with φ cf. bel.): 1. σκάφη f. `winnow, bowl, trough, dish', also `ship' (IA.); σκάφος n. `hull of a ship', poet. also `ship' (IA.), rarely (as nom. act.) `the digging' (Hes. Op. 572, Gp.). 2. Diminut.: σκαφ-ίς, - ίδος f. `cup' (ι 223, Hp., Ar. a. o.), also `barge' and `spade' (hell. a. late); - ίον n. `bowl, cup' (com., hell. a. late), also as des. of a hair-dress (Ar., on the development of the meaning Solmsen Wortforsch. 203 ff. [disputable]), `barge' (Str., Hld.); - ίδιον n. `winnow, ship' (hell. a. late). 3. σκαφ-ίτης m. approx. `boatman' (Anon. ap. Demetr., Str.; Redard 44f.). 4. σκαφή f. `the digging' (hell. pap. a.o., Hdn. Gr. 1, 345), also `grave' (Bithynia; or σκάφη ?); often prefixcompp., esp. κατασκαφ-ή, often pl. - αί `tomb, demolition, destruction' (trag., also Att. prose); adj. κατασκαφ-ής `butied' (S.). 5. σκαφ-ιά f. `ditch, grave' (Halaesa Ia). 6. σκαφ-εύς m. `digger' (E., Archipp., hell. a. late; rather directly from σκάπτω than with Bosshardt 40 from σκαφή), also (from σκάφη) `dish, σκαφηφόρος' ( Com. Adesp.); from σκάφη also σκαφ-εύω `to empty in a trough' (Ctes., Plu.) with - ευσις (Eun.); besides - ευσις, - εία f. `the digging' (Suid.), - εῖον n. `shovel', also `bowl, cup' (= - ίον; youngatt. hell.) with - είδιον (Hdn. Epim.), - ευτής = fossor (Gloss.). 7. σκαφ-ητός m. `the digging' (Thphr., hell. a. late inscr. a. o.; after ἀλοητός a. o.), - ητροι pl. `id.' (pap. Ip); WestGr. (Delphi, Trozen a. o.) σκάπετος m. (Megara - πεδος; after δάπεδον, πέδον Solmsen Wortforsch. 196; not with Schwyzer 498 n. 13 "phonetical byform (play-)") `grave, tomb'; besides κάπετος `id.' (Il., Hp.), also `spade' (Gortyn)?, uncertain σκαπέτωσις `the digging' (Trozen). 8. σκαφαλος ἀντλητήρ H. (like πάσσαλος a.o.); λ-suffix also in σκαφλεύς = σκαφεύς (Athens IVa)?; Kumanudis Rev. de phil. 87, 99f. 9. σκαπ-άνη f. `shovel, spade' (Theoc., AP a. o.), also `excavation' (Thphr.), with - ανήτης m. `digger' (Zonar)., - ανεύς m. `id.' (Lyc., Phld., Str. a. o.; Bosshardt 68), - ανεύω `to dig up' (inscr. Magnesia [Epist. Darei], Phld. Rh.). 10. σκάμμα n. `the digging, ditch, place dug up' (Pl. Lg., hell. a. late). 11. περίσκαψις f. `the digging up' (pap. VIp, Gp.). 12. σκαπτήρ, - ῆρος m. `digger' (Margites, X. ap. Poll.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 107; 2, 55, Benveniste Noms d'agent 39), f. - τειρα (AP). 13. PN Σκαπτη ὕλη (Thrace; Hdt. a. o.) with Σκαπτησυλικός (Att. inscr.), - ίτης m. (St. Byz.); on the formaytion Schwyzer 452.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur. substr.XEtymology: As common basis of the above forms, which show an analogically levelled system, can serve both σκαπ- (with analog. σκαφ- after θάπτω: τάφος, ταφῆναι a. o.) and σκαφ- (with partly phonetical partly anal. σκαπ-). In the first case Italic gives the nearest connection in the relik Lat. scapulae, Umbr. scapla (acc. sg.) `shoulder(blade)', if prop. `shovel' as primary nom. agentis (cf. σκάφαλος above). In the latter case σκάπτω agrees formally to a widespread word for `plane, scratch etc.' in Lat. scăbō, Germ., e.g. OHG scaban, Lith. skabiù ( = σκάπτω; beside this skobiù, skõbti) `scoop out with the chisel, scraper v.t.', to which also Slav., e.g. Russ. skóbelь `plane-iron' etc. (s. W.-Hofmann, Fraenkel and Vasmer s. vv. w. lit.). Also σκάφη, σκάφος a. o. fit better with `plane, scoop out' than with `dig' (Solmsen Wortforsch. 196 ff. w. extensive treatment), without possibility to draw a clear limit. -- If one removes the s- as "movable" and assumes a vocalic variation ē̆: ō̆: ā̆, the etymological field becomes very large. If one goes even a step further and beside ( s)ke \/ o \/ a + p \/ bh- also accepyts a variant skē̆ip \/ b-, and considers that not only the above final consonants, but classifies also the varying vowels as formants or enlargements, we arrive at the `ideal' root sek- `cut etc.' (from which then also come sk-er- and sk-el-). Nobody believes, that such a "systematic" cutting up gives a right pisture of the linguistic processes. Old connections with κόπτω, perh. also with σκέπαρνος (s. vv. w. lit.; to this further still NPers. kāfađ `dig, split') a. cogn. with all kinds of crosses and deviations (!) may be possible, but cannot be demonstrated in detail. -- S. still σκήπτω and σκίπων. -- Frisk's discussion of σκάπτω is hopelessly dated; it refers clearly to Pok. 930 ff.; e.g. we now know that PIE did not have an ablaut e\/a; so the words with -e- must be omitted. I would strike the comparison with Lat. scapula (both for form and meaning). Also Lith. skobiù, skõbti, as Greek has no form with long ā. I think that the forms ( σ)κάπετος (s.v.) may be Pre-Greek, and so the other forms with σκαπ-; as also σκάφαλος and the strange σκαφλεύς. The other forms seem based on * skabh-, as in Lat. scabō and Germ., e.g. OHG scaban. I suggest that this form is a loan of a Eur. substratum.Page in Frisk: 2,718-720Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκάπτω
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78 σκήπτομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to support oneself, to lean, to pretend something, to use as a pretention', σκήπτω, fut. σκήψω, aor. σκῆψαι, pass. σκηφθῆναι, perf. ἐπ-έσκηφα, pass. ἐπ-έσκημμαι `to throw down, to sling', intr. `to throw oneself down, to fall down', often w. prefix (almost only act.), κατα-, ἐπι-, ἀπο-, ἐν- (IA.); ἐπι-σκήπτω also `to impose, to command', midd. (Att. juridical language) `to object, to prosecute, to raise a complaint'.Derivatives: σκῆψις f. `excuse, pretention, pretext' (IA.), ἐπίσκηψις f. `objection, complaint' (Att.); ἀπόσκημμα ἀπέρεισμα H. (A. Fr. 18 = 265 M.), ἐπίσκημμα = ἐπίσκηψις ( Lex. Rhet. Cant.). Further several expressions for `stick etc.': 1. σκᾶπος κλάδος, καὶ ἄνεμος ποιός H. (on the last-mentioned des. s. σκηπτός). 2. σκηπ-άνη f. (AB) with - άνιον n. `stick, scepter' (Ν 59, Σ 247, Call. Fr. anon. 48, AP), σκαπάνιον βακτηρία, ἄλλοι σκίπωνα H. 3. σκᾶπτον n. (Dor.) `id.' (Pi.), IA. σκῆπτον in σκηπτ-οῦχος `stick-, scepter-bearer' = `ruler' (Hom. a. o.), with the Persians a. other Asiat. peoples who has a high office at the court (Semon., X a. o.) with - ία f. (A. a. o.). 4. σκῆπτρον n. `id.' (ep. poet. Il.; like βάκτρον a. o., Schwyzer 532 w. lit., Chantraine Form. 331); on the meaning etc. see Combellack ClassJourn. 43, 209ff., Gatti Acme 2: 3, 23 ff. On itself, with deviant meaning 5. σκηπτός m. `thunderbolt, lightning, suddenly breaking storm' (trag., X., D., Arist. a. o.); cf. φρυκτός, στρεπ-τός; s. also below.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably] Eur. substr.Etymology: With σκήπτω: σκῆψαι: σκᾶπος cf. e.g. κόπτω: κόψαι: κόπος, τύπτω: τύψαι: τύπος. The yot-present σκήπτω is formally easily understandable as deriv. of a noun σκᾶπος (*σκά̄ψ?) `stick'; so prop. *'handle with the stick, supporting, driving or swinging' (Walde LEW2 s. scāpus, Persson Beitr. 2, 941, WP. 2, 561)?; semant. possible, though not immediately clear. Then not only σκᾶπος, but also σκηπάνη, - άνιον, σκᾶπτον and σκῆπτρον would have to be registered with the s. σκάπτω discussed manyfold expressions for `plane, hew, dig etc.'; only for σκηπτός (as for σκῆψις, σκῆμμα) one would have to start, because of the meaning, from the denominative σκήπτω (even from the presentstem?). In the sense of ' ἄνεμος ποιός' (H.) σκᾶπος would have been influnced by σκηπτός. A primary σκήπτω with the meaning `support' (from where then σκᾶπος as *'support' etc.) would be without non-Greek support. The Greek system with permanent full grade is in any case an innovation; the for σκᾶπτον, σκῆπτ(ρ)ον epected zero grade may be found in the Germ. word for `shaft, spear, lance', OHG skaft m., OWNo. skapt n. a. o.; cf. anal. πηκτός beside old Ion. πᾰκτόω (s. πήγνυμι). -- With σκᾶπος can be equated Lat. scāpus `shaft, stalk' and Alb. shkop `stick, sceptre'. Other longvowel forms, for Greek uninteresting, are: with ō Lat. scōpa `thin twig', scōpiō `the stalk, from which hang the berries of the wine-grapes'; with ē CS. štapъ `stick'; unclear Latv. šk̨èps `spear, javelin' (cf. Vasmer s. štap; diff. W. Hofmann s. scāpus). Further rich material with partly hypothetical or doubtful combinations and extensive lit. in WP. 2, 561 f., Pok. 932; on Greek esp. Solmsen Wortforsch. 206 ff. -- Not here σκίπων and σκίμπτομαι. -- The word could be IE (* sk(e)h₂p-, but I think also of a loan from a Eur. substrate; cf. the discussion on σκάπτω.Page in Frisk: 2,728-729Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκήπτομαι
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79 σπύραθοι
Grammatical information: pl.Meaning: `droppings of goats and sheep' (Hp., Dsc.).Other forms: πύραθοι (Nic.) and s. below.Derivatives: Dimin. σπυράθια pl. (Dsc.; trad. - ίθια); collective σφυραθία f. (Poll.; cf. κοπρία); adj. σπυραθώδης `like sheep's droppings' (Hp.). -- Besides σπυράδες f. pl. `pills' (Hp.), σφυράδες f. pl. = σπύραθοι (Ar., Arist.). Also σπόρθυγγες αἱ συνεστραμμέναι μετὰ ῥύπου τρίχες and σπορθύγγια τρίβολα. τὰ διαχωρή\<μα\> τα τῶν αἰγῶν, ἅ τινες σπυράδας καλοῦσιν H. Note also σπύρδαρα (Poll. 5, 91).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably] from LW [loanword]X[probably] Eur.Etymology: On the variation σπ- σπύραθοι σφ- Hiersche Ten. asp. 201; on the variation σπ- σπύραθοι π- Strunk IF 66, 158f. With σπύραθοι cf. except σπέλεθος, ὄνθος also ψάμαθοι `Sandkörner'; σπυράδες like λιθάδες, ἰσχάδες a. o. -- Old popular expressions of agriculture. The basic ο- or ᾱ-stem to be supposed is found in Baltic: Lith. spirà, mostly pl. spìros f. `dropping(s), droppings of goat, hare, pea-formed excrements of small animals', Latv. spiras `excrements of sheep, goats etc., great beans'; both Gr. - υρ- and Balt. - ir- represent syllabic r̥ [this not true]. -- Beside this with full grade and dental suffix σπορθ-υγγες like NIsl. sparð n. `excrements of sheep', sperðill m. `- of goats' from IE * spordh-. -- Further connection with σπαίρω a. cognates seems illustrated a. o. by Norw. dial. sprall `excremental balls of goats and sheep', spralla `cacare, of sheep' beside sprala, OHG spratalōn `sprawl', s. WP. 2, 672 w. lit. - The word ( σ)π\/ φυρ-αθ\/δ- is Pre-Geek but the root resembles words in northern Europe; was the word taken over from a Eur. substratum?Page in Frisk: 2,772Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπύραθοι
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80 δεῖγμα
δεῖγμα, ατος, τό (s. two next entries; Eur., X., Pla. et al.; ins, pap, Philo, Joseph., loanw. in rabb.).① indicator, proof τινός of someth. (Eur., Supp. 354; Menand., Georg. Fgm. 3, 4 J.; Cass. Dio 55, 7, 4; Jos., Ant. 8, 34; pap) Dg 4:5; 7:9.② example (δεῖγμα καὶ τύπον Theoph. Ant. II 15 [p. 138, 7]) παρέχειν (Dionys. Hal., Rhet. 6, 5 p. 282, 19 R. τ. ἀρετῆς; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 6, 12 p. 224, 23) give an example Dg 3:3; προκεῖσθαι δ. stand as an ex. Jd 7 ( sample ELee, NTS 8, ’61/62, 167). Cp. εἰς τὸ δεῖγμα 2 Pt 2:6 P72.—Schmidt, Syn. III 416f. DELG s.v. δείκνυμι. M-M.
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