eittar

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to swell' (ε 455).

Other forms: Also οἰδάω (Plu., Luc.), οἰδαίνω (hell. poet.); οἰδάνομαι, -ω (Ι 646 a. 554, Ar., A. R.), οἰδίσκομαι, -ω (medic.) `swell' resp. `make swell', aor. οἰδῆσαι (IA.), rare οἰδῆναι (Q. S.: οἰδαίνω), perf. ὤδηκα (Hp., Theoc.);

Compounds: with prefix, esp. ἀν-οιδέω, - οιδίσκομαι, - οιδαίνω, also with δι-, ἐξ-.

Derivatives: 1. οἶδμα n. `torrent of water' (Il.), after κῦμα (Porzig Satzinhalte 242); cf. κυέω: κῦμα, δοκέω: δόγμα (if not from a lost primary verb; cf. below); οἰδματ-όεις `flowing' (A. Fr. 69 = 103 Mette, Opp.). 2. οἶδος n. `swelling' (Hp., Nic., Aret.); cf. κρατέω: κράτος. 3. οἴδ-ημα n. `swelling' (Hp., D.) with - ημάτιον (Hp., Aët.), - ηματώδης (medic.); ( ἀν-, δι-, ἐξ- etc.) οίδησις f. `bulge' (Pl., medic., Thphr.). 4. ( ἐπ-, ὑπ-)οιδαλέος `swollen' (Archil., Hp.: οἰδαίνω like κερδαλέος: κερδαίνω). 5. οἴδᾱξ m. `unripe fig' (Poll., Choerob.; from οἶδος or οἰδέω). 6. Backformations: ὕποιδος `somewhat swollen' (Gal.: ὑπ-οιδέω), ἐνοιδής `swollen' (Nic.: ἐν-οιδέω). -- On Οἰδίπους s. v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [774] * h₂eid-\/ h₂oid- `swell'

Etymology: Of the presentforms only οἰδέω will be old. Through enlargement arose the causat. οἰδάνω with intr. οἰδάνομαι (cf. on Οἰδίπους), in the same way οἰδίσκομαι, -ω (Schwyzer 700 a. 709 f.); οἰδαίνω will be analog. after κυμαίνω, ὀργαίνω u.a., perh. also to οἰδῆσαι after κερδῆσαι: κερδαίνω a. o.; to οἰδῆσαι the late and rare οἰδάω. In οἰδέω some see an iterativ-intensive formation; but an agreeing primary verb is not attested. -- A certain cognate is Arm. ayt-nu-m `swell' with the primaryn aor. ayte-ay and the noun ayt (i-stem) `cheek', IE * oidi- (poss. * aidi-; cf. below); the nu-present is an Arm. innovation. Germ. presents some isolated nouns, a.o. OHG eiz, NHG dial. Eis `abscess, ulcer', PGm. * aita-z, IE * oido-s (* aido-s?; cf. formally close οἶδος n.); with r-suffix e.g. OHG eittar n. ' Eitar', PGm. * aitra- n. (cf. on Οἰδίπους), also in waternames, e.g. Eiter-bach (Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 7, 105 ff.). Isolated also Lat. aemidus (prob. after the synon. tumi-dus), in the vowel deviating from οἰδέω (ablaut oi: ai?, which could be * h₂ei-\/ h₂oi-); the non-Greek. forms can further continue both IE oi and ai. -- The Slav. forms adduced are polyinterpretable: OCS jadъ `poison'; even more doubtful Russ. etc. jadró, PSl. *jędro `kernel, testicle etc.' (with nasal infix?). Also other nasalised forms wit zero grade have been connected, e.g. Skt. índu- m. `drop', Balt. rivernames like Indus, Indura; all of it rather doubtful and for Greek unimportant. Further details w. rich lit. in WP. 1, 166f., Pok. 774, W.-Hofmann s. aemidus, Vasmer s. jád and jadró, also Mayrhofer s. índuḥ and Indraḥ.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `gadfly, Tabanus bovinus' (χ 300, A., Arist.), also of a water-insect and a bird (Arist. perh. Sylvia trochilus; cf. Whitfield ClassRev. 69, 12f.), `sting, prick' (S., E.), `rage, madness, fierce desire' (Hdt., Pl., S., E.).

Compounds: Compp., e.g. οἰστρο-πλήξ, - γος `stung by a gadly, driven by anger' (trag., of Io, also of the Bacchantes).

Derivatives: οἰστρ-ώδης `enraged' (Pl., Epicur.), - ήεις `full of sting, stinging, stung' (Opp., Nonn.; cf. Schwyzer 527), - ηδόν `with rage' (Opp.); οἰστρ-άω (on the formation Schwyzer 731), also - έω (Theoc., Luc., Jul.), - ῆσαι (trag., Pl., Arist.), also with ἀν-, ἐξ-, παρ-, δι-, `to rouse; to rage, to roar' with οἴστρ-ημα n. `sting' (S., AP), ( παρ-)-ησις f. `rage, passion' ( Corp. Herm., PMag. Par.); backformation πάροιστρος `enraged, mad' (Simp.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [209] * h(₁)eis- `bring in movement' ; or * h₃eis-?

Etymology: In the barytonesis agreeing with κέστρος, χύτρος a. o. (cf. Schwyzer 531 f.) οἶσ-τρος must orig. be a nom. instr. or -- what amounts to the same thing -- a nom. agentis. If, as seems probable, cognate with οἶμα (\< *οἶσ-μα) and like this derived from a verb `put in vehement movement, urge, irritate', the word meant originally "urger, irritator". The actual meanings `gadfly', `sting', `anger' can therefor go hand in hand (cf. v.Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 273); the changing meaning was still favoured by the myth of Io. -- An identical formation, except for the gender, is Lith. aistrà f. `vehement passion'; further cognates s. οἶμα; cf. also ὀϊστός w. lit. -- Diff. F. Hartmann KZ 54, 289 w. n. 1: to οἶδος, οἰδέω, OHG eittar `poison' etc. as `who causes an ulcer'; to be rejected. S. also Gil Fernandez Nombres de insectos 157. -- In ἰστυάζει ὀργίζεται H. Fick KZ 43, 136 wanted to find a parallel zero grade τυ-derivation *ἰσ-τύ-ς.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: king of Thebes, son of Laios, who unknowing married his mother Iocaste after he had killed his father.

Other forms: (- πος AP), - που, - πουν (Hdt., trag.), - ποδος (Apollod.), - ποδα (Plu.); besides after the patronymics as metr. variants of *Οἰδιπόδᾱς, - ης: gen. -πόδᾱο, -πόδᾱ, acc. -πόδᾱν (ep. poet.), - πόδεω (Hdt.) etc.; see Schwyzer 582, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 163 f., Sommer Nominalkomp. 38, Egli Heteroklisie 14 a. 17.

Derivatives: Οἰδιπόδεια f. `the saga of Oidipus' (Arist.; after ἡ Όδύσσεια), also τὰ Οἰ-εια `id.' (Paus.) from Οἰδιπόδειος adj. (Plu., Paus.).

Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]

Etymology: Prop. "with swollen foot", with regular change i: ro in Οἰδι- and IE * oid-ro- in Germ., e.g. OHG eittar, s. οἰδέω. Improbable on the meaning of the first element Schröder Gymnasium 63, 72 ff. (to OIcl. eista `testicle'); quite hypothetic Kretschmer Glotta 12, 59 f. (chthonic interpretation).

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