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1 Ἀραβία
Ἀραβία, ας, ἡ (Hdt. 3, 107 et al.; TestSol; EpArist 119; Philo; Joseph. Ἀρρ-; Just. On Ἀ. w. and without the art. s. B-D-F §261, 6; PFlor 278 στρατηγῷ Ἀραβίας) Arabia as a geogr. concept includes the territory west of Mesopotamia, east and south of Syria and Palestine, to the isthmus of Suez. In Roman times independent kingdoms arose like that of the Nabataeans south of Damascus, which could be called simply Arabia (Diod S 19, 94, 1 χώρα τῶν Ἀράβων τῶν καλουμένων Ναβαταίων; Stephan. Byz. s.v. Γοαρήνη: χώρα Ἀραβίας πλησίον Δαμασκοῦ; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 71 §294 describes Ἄραβες and Ἑβραῖοι as neighbors), and is regularly so called by Joseph. This seems to have been the country visited by Paul after his conversion Gal 1:17 (CBriggs, The Ap. Paul in Arabia: Biblical World 41, 1913, 255–59). Of Arabia in the narrower sense, w. special ref. to the Sinai peninsula Gal 4:25. As the home of the phoenix 1 Cl 25:1.—BMoritz, Arabien 1923; HPhilby, Arabia 1930; JMontgomery, A. and the Bible ’34; FAbel, Géographie de la Palestine ’33/38, I 288–94; II 164–68. ANegev, ANRW II/8, ’77, 520–686.—EDNT. M-M. -
2 νότος
νότος, ου, ὁ① a wind blowing from a southerly direction, south wind, southwest wind (Hom. et al.; LXX; Philo, Mos. 1, 120.—Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 98 §410 it is the southwest wind beyond doubt) ὑποπνεύσαντος νότου Ac 27:13 (s. ὑποπνέω). ἐπιγενομένου νότου when the southwest wind came up 28:13. Bringing heat Lk 12:55 (cp. Jos., Bell. 7, 318 νότος πνεύσας).② direction to the right as one faces east, southⓐ of the direction in general (Soph.; Hdt. 6, 139 al.; SIG 691, 18; POxy 255, 7; PTebt 342, 8; LXX; En 26:2; TestSol 7:6; TestJud 4:1; GrBar 11:8; ViIs, ViEzk, ViHab, ViJer, et al. 7 [p. 70, 7 Sch.]; Jos., Bell. 5, 145, Ant. 8, 319) ἀπὸ βορρᾶ καὶ ν. from north and south (s. βορρᾶς) Lk 13:29. ἀπὸ νότου on the south (ἀπό 2a) Rv 21:13.ⓑ of a southern area or country (Ps 125:4 ἐν τῷ νότῳ; ApcMos 15) βασίλισσα νότου the queen of the south (Sheba; TestSol 19:3 al.) Mt 12:42; Lk 11:31.—B. 873. DELG. M-M. TW. Spicq. -
3 ἠώς
Aἠόα A.D.Pron.88.5
) ἠῶ, alsoἠοῦν Hedyl.
ap. Ath.11.473a, AP7.472 (Leon.); [dialect] Ep. loc. ἠῶθι: never used (exc. by Gramm.) in the un[var] contr. forms, unless Ἀόος be read in Pi.N. 6.52:—[dialect] Att. [full] ἕως, gen. and acc. ἕω: [dialect] Dor. [full] ἀώς, [full] ἀβώρ (qq. v.): [dialect] Aeol. [full] αὔως Sapph.18, gen.αὔως Epigr.Gr.992
([place name] Balbilla), acc. Fr.1 + 2.18: [dialect] Boeot. [full] ἄας· ἐς αὔριον, Hsch.:— dawn, ; light of day, ὅσον τ' ἐπικίδναται ἠ. Il.7.451, etc.; esp. morning as a time of day, opp. μέσον ἦμαρ, δείλη, 21.111, etc.: gen. ἠοῦς at morn, early, 8.470, 525: acc. ἠῶ the morning long, Od.2.434;στάντα πρὸς πρώτην ἕω S.OC 477
;ἐξ ἠοῦς μέχρι δείλης ὀψίης Hdt.7.167
; ἐξ ἠοῦς εἰς ἠοῦν Hedyl.l.c.; ἠοῦν ἐξ ἠοῦς APl.c.; ἅμα ἠοῑ with, i.e. at, daybreak, Hdt.7.219; [dialect] Att. ἅμα ἕῳ or ἅμα τῇ ἕῳ, Th.2.90, 4.72; τρὸ τῆς ἕω ib.31; [dialect] Ep.ἠῶθι πρό Il.11.50
, Od.5.469, 6.36;ἐπὶ τὴν ἕω Th.2.84
;εἰς τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν ἕω X.An.1.7.1
; ἐς ἀῶ to-morrow, Theoc.18.14.2 day, Il.1.493, al., Od.19.192, Theoc.12.1, Call.Aet.1.1.1;ἠ. δέ μοί ἐστιν ἥδε δυωδεκάτη, ὅτε.. Il.21.80
; κατήϊεν ἐς δύσιν ἠ. Musae.110; μεσάτη ἠ. Orph.A. 649.4 the East,πρὸς ἠῶ τ' ἠέλιόν τε Il.12.239
( South acc. to Str.10.2.12);ἀπὸ ἠοῦς πρὸς ἑσπέρην Hdt.2.8
; τὰ πρὸς τὴν ἠῶ ibid.; , cf. Pl.Lg. 760d, etc.; πρὸς ἕω τῆς πόλεως, τοῦ ποταμοῦ, to the East of.., X.HG5.4.49, Plu.Luc.27;πρὸ ἠοῦς τοῦ βωμοῦ IG 7.235.45
(Oropus, iv B.C.). -
4 Κίλικες
Grammatical information: pl.Meaning: 1. `Cilician, inhabitant of the province in the south-east of Anatolia; 2. a people in the valley of Thebes, Θήβη, the town of Eetion, the father of Andromache, south of Troy (Il.).Derivatives: κιλικίζεσθαι κακοηθίζεσθαι H., ἐγκιλικίζεατι κακοηθεύεται, κακοποιεῖ διεβέβληντο γὰρ ἐπὶ πονηρίᾳ οἱ Κίλικες H. κιλίκιον `a coarse cloth of goat's hair' (Procop.). Κίλιξ mythical name; Κιλικᾶς PN (Cyprus, O. Masson, Κυπρ. Σπουδαι 32 (1968) 9ff. Κιλικία `Cilicia' (Hdt.). κιλκισμός `Cilician behaviour i.e. drunken butchery (Theopomp. Hist.).Origin: Assyr.X[probably]Etymology: The country (in Hittite times Kizzuwatna) was called (since 858) Hilakku by the Assyrians (but the name may be local); later there were local kingdoms where hieroglyphic Luwian was used. The Greeks arrived in the 8\/7th. cent. On the Greek king(dom) ( Hiyawa) of Mopsos = Musa\/us see now Oettinger (in B.J. Collins, The Hittites, Greeks and their neighbours, 2005). After the Assyrians disappeared the dynasty of the Syennesis (Hdt.) ruled, under the Persians.Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Κίλικες
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5 αμνέα
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6 ἀμνέα
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7 νοταπηλιώτη
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8 νοταπηλιώτῃ
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9 νοταπηλιώτην
νοταπηλιώτηςsouth-east wind: masc acc sg (attic epic ionic) -
10 νοταπηλιώτης
νοταπηλιώτηςsouth-east wind: masc nom sg -
11 λίψ
3 the West, opp. ἀπηλιώτης, PTeb. 14.19 (ii B. C.), Vett.Val.8.5, Paul.Al.A.2, Herm. ap. Stob.1.21.9, 1.49.45; rarely in LXX, 2 Ch.32.30, 33.14, Thd.Da.8.5; λιβός or λίβα εἰς ἀπηλιώτην from West to East, BGU1037.15 (i A. D.), CPR28.21 (ii A.D.).4 Astron., πρωινὸς λ., μεσημβρινὸς λ., ὀψινὸς λ., position of a star on the W. horizon at sunrise, midday, or sunset, Ptol.Alm. 8.4.------------------------------------A stream, ἐξ ὀμμάτων λείβουσι.. λίβα (Burges for δία) A.Eu.54; ἀφθονέστερον λίβα f.l. in A.Fr.72;μέλιτος λίβα A.R.4.1454
.2 = λοιβή, libation,φιλοσπόνδου λιβός A.Ch. 292
;εὐκταίαν λίβα Id.Fr.55
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12 νοταπηλιώτης
A south-east wind, Ptol.Tetr.60, Vett.Val.145.15, PMag.Par.1.1647.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > νοταπηλιώτης
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13 φοινικίας
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > φοινικίας
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14 ἀκτίς
A ray, beam: Hom. only dat. pl.,ἀκτῖσιν Od.5.479
, 19.441.ἀκτίνεσσιν 11.16
, Il.10.547 ;Ἠελίοιο ἀκτῖνες Mimn.11.6
, cf. Emp.84, Ar.Av. 1009, Arist.Mete. 374b4, etc.; sg., S.Tr. 685, cf. ἀνὰ μέσσαν ἀκτῖνα, i.e. from south, S. OC 1247; ἀκτῖνες μέσαι noonday, E. Ion 1136; τὰ πρὸς ἀκτῖνα ἔθνη peoples of the East, Philostr. V A2.2:— of lightning,ἀκτῖνες στεροπᾶς ἀπορηγνύμεναι Pi.P. 4.198
;ὦ Διὸς ἀκτίς, παῖσον S.Tr.10
<*>6;πυρός Sopat.13
, Pl.Ti. 78d; of the eyes, ἀκτῖνας προσώπου, Pi.Fr. 123, cf. Ar.V. 1032; visual rays, Hipparch. ap. Placit.4.13.9.2 metaph., brightness, splendour, glory, ἀ. ἀγώνων, καλῶν ἐργμάτων, Pi.P.11.48, I.4(3).42; ἀκτῖνες ὄλβου splendid fortunes, Id.P.4.255.3 ray shot from the left by planet to planet (opp. ὄψις, q.v.), Heph.Astr. 1.16, Porph.Intr.p.189; τὴν ἀ. ἐπιφέρων Vett. Val. 136.19, cf. Ptol. Tetr. 126. -
15 ἀμνεύς
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16 Εὖρος
A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > Εὖρος
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17 Δεκάπολις
Δεκάπολις, εως, ἡ (Jos., Bell. 3, 446; IGR III, 1057, 5) Decapolis name of a league orig. consisting of ten cities (αἱ δέκα πόλεις: Jos., Vi. 341f), whose region (except for Scythopolis) lay east of the Jordan. Damascus marked the boundary to the north, Philadelphia to the south. Mt 4:25; Mk 5:20; 7:31.—Schürer II 125–58; on the gentile cults II 36–39; HGuthe, D. griech.-röm. Städte d. Ostjordanlandes 1918; Kl.-Pauly I 1436f; BHHW 1, 332f. HBietenhard, Die Syrischen Dekapolis von Pompeius bis Traian: ANRW II/8, ’77, 220–61; SEG XLII, 1484 (sources and lit.). OEANE II 127–30.—M-M. -
18 Σαλείμ
Σαλείμ, τό(also Σαλίμ) indecl. Salim. John baptized ἐν Αἰνὼν ἐγγὺς τοῦ Σαλίμ J 3:23. Acc. to Eus., Onom. p. 40, 1 this place lay 8 Roman miles (=12.4 km.) south of Scythopolis in northern Samaria (so Lagrange and Abel; s. Αἰνών). Today there is a place called Salim 5.5 km. east of Shechem; it is mentioned in Epiph., Haer. 55, 2 (this one is preferred by WAlbright, HTR 17, 1924, 193f). S. in addition for Αἰνών also EbNestle, ZDPV 30, 1907, 210ff; BBacon, Biblical World 33, 1909, 223ff; KKundsin, Topolog. Überlieferungsstoffe im J 1925. Erbes s.v. Βηθανία 2.—BHHW III 1648ff. -
19 Συρία
Συρία, ας, ἡ (Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; ins, LXX; EpArist 22; SibOr 12, 102 [elsewh. Συρίη, s. index of names]; Philo, Joseph.; Ar. 12, 2; Just., A I, 1; s. B-D-F §261, 6) Syria, the part of Western Asia bounded on the north by the Taurus Mts., on the east by the lands of the Euphrates, on the south by Palestine, on the west by the Mediterranean Sea. In 64 B.C. it became a Roman province; its capital was Antioch. Mt 4:24; Ac 18:18; 20:3; 21:3; IEph 1:2; IRo 5:1; 10:2; ISm 11:2; IPol 7:2; 8:2; Pol 13:1. Mentioned beside Cilicia, its neighboring province in Asia Minor (X., An. 1, 4, 4; Diod S 16, 42, 1; 9 of the two neighboring satrapies of Persian times) Ac 15:23, 41; Gal 1:21; IPhld 11:1. Ἀντιόχεια τῆς Σ. (s. Ἀντιόχεια 1) ISm 11:1; IPol 7:1; IPhld 10:1. The province was governed by an imperial legate (s. ἡγεμονεύω and Κυρήνιος) Lk 2:2. ἡ ἐκκλησία ἡ ἐν Συρίᾳ the church in Syria IEph 21:2; IMg 14; ITr 13:1; IRo 9:1. Ignatius is ὁ ἐπίσκοπος Συρίας IRo 2:2.—GBeer, RE XIX 1907, 281–95 (lit.); RDussaud, Mission dans les régions désertiques de la Syrie moyenne 1903, Topographie historique de la Syrie antique et médiévale 1926; BMaisler, Untersuchungen z. alten Gesch. u. Ethnographie Syriens u. Palätinas I 1929; KBaedeker, Palästina u. Syrien7 1910, Syrie-Palestine, Irâq, Transjordanie ’32; LHaefeli, Syrien u. sein Libanon 1926; UKahrstedt, Syr. Territorien in hellenist. Zeit 1926. On the relig. situation s. Schürer III 13f; Dussaud, Notes de Mythologie Syrienne 1903–5; FCumont, Études Syriennes 1917, Religionen3 ’31, 94–123; 253–77 (lit.); HPreisker, Ntl. Zeitgesch. ’37, 146–57; Prümm 264–68; 651–54. S. also CClermont-Ganneau, Recueil d’archéol. orientale, eight vols. 1888–1924; PHitti, History of S., Lebanon, and Palestine ’51; GTchalenko, Villages antiques de la S. du Nord I–III ’55–58; AVööbus, History of Asceticism in the Syrian Orient ’58–61; GDowney, A History of Antioch in S. fr. Seleucus to the Arab Conquest ’61; HGese, Die Religionen Altsyriens ’70; EWirth, S., eine geogr. Landeskunde ’71. Pauly-W. VII 2157–63; 2d ser. IV 1574–82, 1602–1728; Kl. Pauly V 469–73; RAC I 854–60; DACL XV 1855–1942; BHHW III 1919–22.—M-M. -
20 Φοῖνιξ
III. Φοῖνιξ, ικος, ὁ a seaport mentioned Ac 27:12. Two sites merit attention. The Phoinix mentioned Strabo 10, 4, 3 (475) lying in the territory of Lappa, some distance to the east fr. Loutro (s. 1), is not a serious contender; for, if correctly identified, it lacks a harbor.① Phoinix (Ptolemy, Geogr. 3, 17, 3; Stadiasmus sive Periplus Maris Magni [a Byzantine version of a 3d cent. A.D. anonymous work] 328–29 [=GGM I 507f]) on the south coast of Crete near Loutro. On the protection offered to mariners by this harbor s. esp. Ogilvie, also Hemer, Acts 139 (lit.); but Warnecke discounts its value, given the size of the ship and the large number of crew and passengers (Ac 27:37), and favors② Phoinikous (Ptolemy, Geogr. 3, 15, 3; Pausan. 4, 34, 12) on the southern coast of the area known as Messenia (Od. 21:15). According to Warnecke 28f (but without supporting grammatical references), the phrase λιμὴν τῆς Κρήτης means ‘a harbor for Crete’ (=a harbor suitable for trade to and fro fr. Crete). Paul’s anxiety would stem from awareness of the type of weather conditions that would put mariners in peril on a trip from Crete to Messenian Phoinikous (cp. Hom., Od. 3, 291–98).—HBalmer, D. Romfahrt des Ap. Pls 1905, 319ff; Zahn, AG 1921, 825ff; ROgilvie, JTS n.s. 9, ’58, 308–14; Warnecke, Romfahrt 19–36; Hemer, Acts 139–41; Pauly-W. XX 4335; Kl. Pauly 800; BHHW III 1464; Haenchen ad loc.; PECS 708.
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