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41 Kohle
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42 austauschbar
взаимозаменяемый
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[IEV number 151-16-34]EN
interchangeable, adj
capable of replacement by a similar item without impairing the specified performance
[IEV number 151-16-34]FR
interchangeable, adj
qui peut être remplacé par une entité semblable sans dégradation du comportement spécifié
[IEV number 151-16-34]EN
DE
FR
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > austauschbar
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43 Bodensanierung in Bergregionen
восстановление земли в горных районах
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
land restoration in mountain areas
Measures adopted to control erosion and degradation phenomena in the mountain regions caused by the loss of forest cover due to acid rain, uncontrolled forest cutting, winter skiing resorts construction, etc. (Source: DIZAMBa)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Bodensanierung in Bergregionen
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44 Berg
гора
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
mountain
A feature of the earth's surface that rises high above the base and has generally steep slopes and a relatively small summit area. Mountains are an important source of water, energy, minerals, forest and agricultural products, and recreation. They are storehouses of biological diversity and endangered species and an essential part of the global ecosystem. About 10% of the world's population depend on mountain resources and nearly half of these people are affected by the degradation of mountain watershed areas. (Source: MGH / WRIGHT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Berg
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45 Gebirgsökosystem
горная экосистема
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
mountain ecosystem
Ecosystems found on high-mountains at low latitudes. Mountain ecosystems are very vulnerable. They are increasingly sensitive to soil erosion, landslide and rapid loss of habitat and genetic diversity. Widespread poverty and an increase in the numbers of mountain inhabitants lead to deforestation, cultivation of marginal lands, excessive livestock grazing, loss of biomass cover and other forms of environmental degradation. Because little is known about mountain ecosystems, Agenda 21 has proposed the establishment of a global mountain database. This is essential for the launch of programmes that would contribute to the sustainable development of mountain ecosystems. The proposals also focus on promoting watershed development and alternative employment for people whose livelihoods are linked to practices that degrade mountains. (Source: WRIGHT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Gebirgsökosystem
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46 Stadtverfall
заброшенный городской район
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
urban decay
Condition where part of a city or town becomes old or dirty or ruined, because businesses and wealthy families have moved away from it. (Source: PHC)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Stadtverfall
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47 Umweltschutz
защита окружающей среды
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
environmental protection
Measures and controls to prevent damage and degradation of the environment, including the sustainability of its living resources. (Source: UNUN)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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контроль за состоянием окружающей среды
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
environmental control
Protection of the environment through policies concerning the control of wastes, the improvement of the human-made environment, the protection of heritage values, the institution of national parks and reserves, the protection of fauna and flora, the conservation of forests and landscapes, etc. (Source: GILP96a)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Umweltschutz
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48 Wiederaufforstung
лесовосстановление
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
reforestation
The planting of trees in forest areas which have been cleared. Reforestation has become increasingly important for preventing or reversing environmental degradation and for helping to maximize economic returns on commercially forested lands. (Source: WRIGHT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Wiederaufforstung
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49 Umweltschutzvorschrift
- нормативный документ в области охраны окружающей среды
- нормативный документ в области контроля за загрязнением
нормативный документ в области контроля за загрязнением
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
pollution control regulation
A body of rules or orders prescribed by government, management or an international organization or treaty in which limits are established for the emission of substances that harm or adversely alter the environment and human health. (Source: TOE / BLD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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нормативный документ в области охраны окружающей среды
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
environmental protection regulation
A government or management prescribed rule for the preservation of natural resources and the prevention of damage or degradation of the ecosystem. (Source: BLD / ISEP)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Umweltschutzvorschrift
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50 Küstenschutz
охрана прибрежных районов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
coast protection
A form of environmental management designed to allay the progressive degradation of the land by coastal erosion processes. Sea defence works can be undertaken to protect the land from erosion and encroachment by the sea and against flooding. These involve engineering solutions such as groynes, sea walls, bulkheads, revetments and breakwaters. (Source: GOOD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Küstenschutz
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51 Beschädigung
повреждение
Неспособность машины выполнять заданную функцию.
Примечание 1
Неисправность, отказ в работе машины является результатом ее повреждения.
Примечание 2
Повреждение является событием в отличие от неисправности и отказа, которые являются состоянием.
Примечание 3
Рассматриваемое понятие не распространяется на программное обеспечение (см. МЭС 191-04-01
[ ГОСТ Р ИСО 12100-1:2007]
повреждение
Событие, заключающееся в нарушении исправного состояния объекта при сохранении работоспособного состояния.
[ ГОСТ 27.002-89]
[ОСТ 45.153-99]
[СТО Газпром РД 2.5-141-2005]
повреждение
По ГОСТ 13377-75
[ ГОСТ 24166-80]EN
damage
any change in visual appearance or alteration of mechanical integrity
[IEC 60571, ed. 2.0 (1998-02)]
damage
degradation of a component leading to penetration by acid or moisture
[IEC 62662, ed. 1.0 (2010-08)]FR
détérioration
tout changement dans l’aspect ou toute altération de l’intégrité mécanique
[IEC 60571, ed. 2.0 (1998-02)]Тематики
- безопасность машин и труда в целом
- газораспределение
- надежность средств электросвязи
- надежность, основные понятия
- ремонт судов
Обобщающие термины
EN
DE
FR
5. Повреждение
D. Beschädigung
E. Failure
F. Endommagement
Источник: ГОСТ 24166-80: Система технического обслуживания и ремонта судов. Ремонт судов. Термины и определения оригинал документа
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Beschädigung
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52 Biotopverlust
потеря биотопа
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
loss of biotope
Destruction of biotopes produced by environmental degradation which in turn is caused by air- or water-borne pollution. (Source: WPR)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Biotopverlust
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53 Umweltgesetz
право в области охраны окружающей среды
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
environmental law
A wide spectrum of options from binding "hard" laws, such as international treaties and national legislation, to "soft" laws, covering guiding principles, recommended practices and procedures, and standards. Environmental law also attempts to reconcile international considerations with concerns that focus on very specific problems such as soil degradation, marine pollution or the depletion of non-renewable resources. (Source: WRIGHT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Umweltgesetz
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54 forstwirtschaftliche Produktion
производство лесопродукции
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
forest production
Forests produce a range of products including firewood and charcoal, lumber, paper, and crops such as coffee, oil palm, and rubber. With careful planning of growth and harvesting, wood and other forest products are, in principle, renewable resources. But achieving renewability takes time - often decades, sometimes centuries. Without careful management, pressure for short-term exploitation can lead to tree removal, soil degradation, and conversion of woodland to other uses. Consumption of forest resources can lead to environmental problems as well as loss of critical habitat and species. (Source: WRES)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > forstwirtschaftliche Produktion
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55 Landschaftsverschandelung
разрушение ландшафта
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
skyline destruction
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
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FR
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Landschaftsverschandelung
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56 Zerstörung des Lebensraums
разрушение природной среды
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
habitat destruction
Destruction of wildlife habitats by increasing pressure for land by fast-growing human populations, pollution and over-exploitation. Whole species or populations of plants and animals have disappeared causing a loss of genetic resource that is not only regrettable from an aesthetic or philosophical point of view but also threatens man's food supply. Habitat loss takes several forms: outright loss of areas used by wild species; degradation, for example, from vegetation removal and erosion, which deprive native species of food, shelter, and breeding areas; and fragmentation, when native species are squeezed onto small patches of undisturbed land surrounded by areas cleared for agriculture and other purposes. (Source: WPR / WRES)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Zerstörung des Lebensraums
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57 Selbstreinigung
самоочищение
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
self-purification
A natural process of organic degradation that produces nutrients utilized by autotrophic organisms. (Source: LBC)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Selbstreinigung
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58 Wassergütewirtschaft
управление качеством воды
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
water quality management
Water quality management concerns four major elements: the use (recreation, drinking water, fish and wildlife propagation, industrial or agricultural) to be made of the water; criteria to protect those uses; implementation plans (for needed industrial-municipal waste treatment improvements) and enforcement plans, and an anti-degradation statement to protect existing high quality waters. (Source: USC)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Wassergütewirtschaft
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59 Flurschaden
- ущерб, нанесенный полям
ущерб, нанесенный полям
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
field damage
A decline in the productivity of an area of land or in its ability to support natural ecosystems or types of agriculture. Degradation may be caused by a variety of factors, including inappropriate land management techniques, soil erosion, salinity, flooding, clearing, pests, pollution, climatic factors, or progressive urbanization. (Source: GILP96)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Flurschaden
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60 Bodenschädigung
- ущерб, нанесенный почве
ущерб, нанесенный почве
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
soil damage
Soil impaired as a consequence of human activity. A study financed by UNEP, reporting in 1992, found that about 10,5% of the world's vegetative surface had been seriously damaged by human activity since 1945. The study found that much of the damage had been masked by a general rise in global agricultural productivity resulting from expanded irrigation, better plant varieties, and greater use of production inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides. More than 1/3 of the damaged land was in Asia, almost 1/3 in Africa, and 1/4 in Central America. Some land had been damaged beyond restoration. The greatest sources of soil degradation were overgrazing, unsuitable agricultural practices, and deforestation. (Source: GILP96)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Bodenschädigung
См. также в других словарях:
Degradation — • A canonical penalty by which an ecclesiastic is entirely and perpetually deprived of all office, benefice, dignity, and power conferred on him by ordination; and by a special ceremony is reduced to the state of a layman, losing the privileges… … Catholic encyclopedia
dégradation — 1. (dé gra da sion ; en poésie, de cinq syllabes) s. f. 1° Destitution infamante d un grade, d une dignité, d une qualité. Dégradation militaire. Aucune peine infamante ne peut être exécutée contre un membre de la Légion d honneur, sans que d… … Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré
dégradation — DÉGRADATION. s. fém. Destitution ignominieuse du grade, de l état où l on est. Le Roi a fait défendre à tous les Gentilshommes, à peine de dégradation de Noblesse ... Dégradation des armes. La dégradation d un Officier de guerre. Dégradation de… … Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française 1798
Degradation — Deg ra*da tion, n. [LL. degradatio, from degradare: cf. F. d[ e]gradation. See {Degrade}.] 1. The act of reducing in rank, character, or reputation, or of abasing; a lowering from one s standing or rank in office or society; diminution; as, the… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Degradation — may refer to; Biodegradation, the processes by which organic substances are broken down by living organisms Cashiering or degradation ceremony, a ritual performed when cleric is deprived of office or a knight is stripped of the honour Chemical… … Wikipedia
Degradation — oder Degradierung (von lat. degrado „herabsetzen“, zu gradus „Schritt“) bezeichnet allgemein die sukzessive Verringerung eines Wertes oder einer Eigenschaft. Unter anderem wird als Degradierung bezeichnet: Degradierung (Rang), in der Soziologie,… … Deutsch Wikipedia
degradation — Degradation. s. f. v. Destitution du grade auquel on est. Le Roy a fait deffendre à tous les Gentilshommes à peine de degradation de noblesse. Il signifie aussi, Le degast considerable qu on fait dans des bois, dans un heritage. Il a fait de… … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
degradation — 1530s, from Fr. dégradation (14c., O.Fr. degradacion), from M.L. degradationem (nom. degradatio), noun of action from pp. stem of degradare (see DEGRADE (Cf. degrade)) … Etymology dictionary
degradation — [deg΄rə dā′shən] n. [Fr dégradation < LL degradatio< degradare: see DEGRADE] 1. a degrading or being degraded in rank, status, or condition 2. a degraded condition 3. Geol. the lowering of land surfaces by erosion 4. R.C.Ch. laicization of… … English World dictionary
Degradation — Degradation. См. Деградация. (Источник: «Металлы и сплавы. Справочник.» Под редакцией Ю.П. Солнцева; НПО Профессионал , НПО Мир и семья ; Санкт Петербург, 2003 г.) … Словарь металлургических терминов
Degradation — (v. lat. Degradatio), 1) im Allgemeinen die Herabsetzung eines mit einer besonderen Würde Versehenen auf eine niedrigere Stufe, eine Ehrenstrafe; 2) besonders die Herabsetzung eines Beamten aus einem höheren Amte in ein niederes, eine… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon