Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

defĕtigo

  • 1 defetigo

    dēfetīgo, s. dē-fatīgo.

    lateinisch-deutsches > defetigo

  • 2 defetigo

    dēfetīgo, s. defatigo.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > defetigo

  • 3 dēfetīgō

        dēfetīgō    see defatigo.
    * * *
    defetigare, defetigavi, defetigatus V TRANS
    tire (out), exhaust; break force of; (PASS) lose heart, weary, be discouraged

    Latin-English dictionary > dēfetīgō

  • 4 defetigo

    dēfĕtīgo, v. defatigo.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > defetigo

  • 5 dē-fatīgō or dēfetīgō

        dē-fatīgō or dēfetīgō āvī, ātus, āre,    to weary out, tire, fatigue, exhaust: se, T.: exercitum itineribus, Cs.: opus faciam ut defatiger, T.: diuturnitate belli defatigati, Cs.: iudices: numquam defatigabor ante, quam, etc.

    Latin-English dictionary > dē-fatīgō or dēfetīgō

  • 6 defatigo

    dēfatigo (defetigo), āre, āvi, ātum - tr. - fatiguer beaucoup, lasser, épuiser.    - non defatigabor permanere in studio libertatis, Cic. Fam. 12, 14: je resterai jusqu'au bout fidèle à l'amour de la liberté.
    * * *
    dēfatigo (defetigo), āre, āvi, ātum - tr. - fatiguer beaucoup, lasser, épuiser.    - non defatigabor permanere in studio libertatis, Cic. Fam. 12, 14: je resterai jusqu'au bout fidèle à l'amour de la liberté.
    * * *
        Defatigo, defatigas, pen. prod. defatigare. Terent. Lasser.
    \
        Non conquiescere, neque defatigari. Cic. Ne cesser, et ne se lasser point.
    \
        Noli in conseruandis bonis viris defatigari. Cic. Ne te lasse point de conserver les gens de bien.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > defatigo

  • 7 coquo

    coquo, coxī, coctum, ere (aus *quequo, altind. pácati, kocht, bäckt, brät; vgl. griech. πέσσω, koche, verdaue; πέπων reif, πόπανον, Gebäck), kochen = durch Feuer zubereiten, unser kochen, sieden, backen, brennen, dörren, schmelzen, zeitigen, reifen, I) eig.: A) tr.: 1) kochen, sieden, backen, is, quiilla coxerat, Cic.: c. cibaria (Brot), Liv. (so auch cibaria cocta, cibaria in quinque dies cocta, quindecirm dierum cibaria cocta, Liv.; vgl. Drak. Liv. 44, 32, 11): cibum, Varro (so auch cibus coctus, Sall.): vasa coquendis cibis utilia, Plin.: cochleam od. cochleas, Cels. u. Varro: cenam, Komik.: alci cenam, Plaut. u. Nep. (vgl. die quinti in Capitolio tibi cena cocta erit, Cato fr.): humana exta. Hor.: medicamenta, Liv.: alcis obsonia, gar kochen (scherzh. = faul machen, vom heißen Schirokko), Hor.: ova columbina, Cels.: panem, Varro fr. u. Plin.: pavonem, Hor.: venena, Liv.: caro cocta (Ggstz. caro salsa), Apic. 1. § 8 u. 10: lupinus coctus (Ggstz. crudus), Edict. Diocl. – c. alqd bene, leniter, leviter, modice, recte, Cels.: alqd sic, ut etc., Cels.: simul coquuntur mel, galbanum, resina etc., Cels.: alqd eodem modo, Cels.: alqd pluribus modis, Plin.: alqd ad carbones leniter paululum, Veget. mul.: alqd clementer, Ser. Samm.: alqd lente, Plin.: alqd igni leni od. lento, Cato u. Plin.: alqd lentis vaporibus, Hier.: c. alqd bis, Cels.: denuo, Cato: de integro, Col.: c. cibos turis ligno, Plin. – c. alqd in tecto, sub dio, Cato: c. liba in subito foco, Ov.: alqd carbonibus, Plin.: alqd in olla od. in aeneo vase, Plin. u. Cels.: multifariam in patellis cepe, Varro fr.: vitulus aëno coctus, Petron. – m. Angabe womit? (= mit welchem Stoffe zusammen?) durch cum u. Abl., od. m. Ang. worin? (= in welchem Stoffe?) durch in od. ex u. Abl., alqd cum aqua, in od. ex aqua, Cels.: alqd ex oleo, ex lacte, Cels.: gemmam in lacte, Plin.: alqd cum vino, in od. ex vino, Cels. – m. Angabe woraus? durch ex u. Abl. od. durch bl. Abl., picem liquidam e taeda, Plin.: alqd tostā polentā, Ov. – m. Ang. bis zu welchem Grade? alqd usque ad mellis crassitudinem, Plin.: tres heminas ad unam, Cels.: c. alqd usque eo, donec etc., Cels.: c. alqd, donec etc., Cels. – absol., ire coctum, Plaut.: coquendo sit faxo, Ter.: difficilis in coquendo cyma, Plin.: vas ad coquendum, ICt. – Partic. Perf. subst., a) coctum, ī, n. u. Plur. cocta ōrum, n., Gekochtes, = gekochte Speisen (Ggstz. crudum, cruda), quid tu, malum, curas utrum crudumque an coctum edim, Plaut. aul. 430: ne quid in popinis cocti praeter legumina aut olera veniret, Suet. Ner. 16, 2: cocta vendere, Suet. Claud. 38, 2. – b) cocta, ae, f., α) ein abgekochter Trank, ein Kräutertrank, Mart. 2, 85, 1. – β) gekochtes Fleisch, Apic. 1, 9. – 2) kochen = kochend machen, zum höchsten Hitzegrad bringen, v. der Sonne, iam non solum calet unda, sed coquitur, Sidon. ep. 2, 2, 1. – 3) auf dem Rost braten, rösten, als Marter, Lact. de mort. pers. 13, 3; vgl. (zur Sache) 21. § 7 u. 8. – 4) brennen, dörren, schmelzen, calcem, Cato u. Vitr.: carbones, Cato: laterculos, Cato: coctus later, gebrannter Ziegelstein, Backstein (Ggstz. crudus later), Vitr. u. Iustin.; vgl. agger coctus, aus ausgebrannten Ziegelsteinen, Prop. – c. robur, durch Feuer härten, Verg.: ligna cocta (= coctilia u. acapna, w. vgl.), ausgetrocknetes Holz, das keinen Rauch gibt, ICt.: coctus pulvis, Puzzolanerde, Stat. – c. aurum cum plumbo, schmelzen, Plin.: so aera fornacibus, Lucan.: rastra et sarcula, schmieden, Iuven. – u. v. Ausdörren, Austrocknen der Sonne u. des Windes, locus is melior, quem non coquit sol, Varro: coquit glebas aestas matutinis solibus, Verg.: rosaria cocta matutino noto, Prop. – 5) (wie πεπαίνω) zur Reife bringen, reifen, zeitigen, von der Sonne usw., eas (arbores) aequabiliter ex omnibus partibus sol ac luna coquunt; quo fit, ut uvae et oleae plures nascantur et ut celerius coquantur, Varro: cum frumentum aestas et debita maturitas coxit, Sen.: fructus (fici) solibus coctus, Plin.: et alte mitis in apricis coquitur vindemia saxis, Verg.: poma matura et cocta, Cic. – 6) in Gährung bringen, zersetzen, v. äußerer Wärme, balineae ardentes, quibus persuasere in corporibus cibos coqui, Plin. 29, 26. – von der organischen Wärme des Körpers, calore et spiritu omnia cocta et confecta, Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 136; vgl. 2, 137. Lact. de opif. dei 14, 5. – B) intr. kochen = gekocht werden, aqua, ubi radix eius coxerit, Dynamid. 1, 21; u. so ibid. 1, 49; 2, 90 u. 106. – II) übtr.: 1) gleichsam etw. brauen, etw., ersinnen, über etw. brüten, auf etw. sinnen, consilia secreto ab aliis, Liv.: bellum, Liv. – 2) jmd. (jmds. Herz, Busen) schmerzlich ängstigen, abhärmen, quae (cura) nunc te coquit et versat in pectore fixa, Enn. ann. 336: femineae ardentem curaeque iraeque coquebant, Verg. Aen. 7, 345: nec (sollicitudo) oratorem macerat et coquit, Quint. 12, 10, 77. – egomet me coquo (mache mir den Kopf warm) et macero et defetigo, Plaut. trin. 225. – 3) Partiz. Perf. im Kompar. m. Genet., hodie iuris coctiores (im R. geriebener) non sunt, quam qui lites creant, Plaut. Poen. 586 sq. – / in guten Handschriften auch quoquo, zB. quoquat, Hor. de art. poët. 186 K. u. M. – coco, wov. cocuntur, Suet. Aug. 87, 1.

    lateinisch-deutsches > coquo

  • 8 defatigo

    dē-fatīgo (in guten Hdschrn. u. Ausgg. auch dēfetīgo), āvī, ātum, āre, erschöpfen, bis zur gänzlichen Erschöpfung ermüden, abmatten, ganz mürbe machen, I) im allg.: a) körperl.: α) act.: augebat iter, ut serius subsequentes defatigaret, Suet.: def. se ita, ut etc., Tert.: def. nostros assiduo labore, Caes.: Pompeii exercitum cotidianis itineribus, Caes.: tirones in labore, Auct. b. Afr. – β) pass.: opus faciam, ut defatiger usque, ingratiis ut dormiam, Ter. – gew. im Partiz. Perf., defatigati cursu et spatio (lange Dauer) pugnae, Caes.: miles defatigatus labore, Curt.: defatigati proelio ac fugā, Curt.: iumenta ex nausea recenti, siti, labore defatigata, Auct. b. Afr.: milites sub onere ac sarcinis defatigati, Auct. b. Afr. – absol., puella defatigata petit a matertera, ut sibi concederet, paulipser ut in eius sella requiesceret, Cic.: u. Plur. defatigati oft subst. (v. Soldaten), Ggstz. integri, recentes atque integri, zB. integros semper defatigatis submittere, Caes.: defatigatis in vicem integri succedunt, Caes. – übtr. v. Lebl., ubertate nimiā prioris aevi defatigatum et effetum solum, Col. 1. praef. § 1. – b) geistig: α) act.: ne te adulescens mulier defatiget, dich müde spricht, Ter.: ego me et macero et defatigo, Plaut.: ille (ordo) non modo censores, sed etiam iudices omnes potest defatigare, Cic.: ne de eodem plura enumerando defatigemus lectores, Nep. – β) pass.: animo defatigato tuo, Cic.: defatigatis licitatoribus (durch Mehrgebot ermüdet, so daß sie vom Weiterbieten abstanden), Cic.: cum eum socii... ne defatigaretur (ermüde, nämlich in der Verteidigung ihrer Sache), oravissent, Cic.: defatigari clamore, Plaut.: nec animi neque corporis laboribus defatigari, Cic.: animi defatigati ab adversariis multitudine verborum, Cic.: noli igitur in conservandis bonis viris defatigari, Cic. – profecto numquam conquiescam neque defatigabor ante quam etc., Cic. de or. 3, 145. – m. folg. Infin., non despero nec defatigabor permanere non solum in studio libertatis, sed etiam in labore et periculis, Lentul. in Cic. ep. 12, 14, 7. – II) prägn., ermüdend zu schaffen machen, hart zusetzen, rem publicam, Aur. Vict. epit. 48, 5.

    lateinisch-deutsches > defatigo

  • 9 macero

    mācero, āvī, ātum, āre (vgl. μάσσω, ich knete, μαγίς, Backtrog), 1) mürbe machen, wässern, einweichen, beizen, salsamenta, Ter.: lupinum, Varro: lini virgas, rösten, Plin.: calcem, calcis glebas, wässern, den Kalk durch Bedecken mit angefeuchtetem Sande löschen, Vitr.: fimum assiduo liquore, Colum.: alqd fumo, Plin. – II) übtr., mürbe machen, d.i. 1) körperlich, schwächen, entkräften, abmergeln, multos iste morbus macerat, Plaut.: alqm fame, Liv.: siti maceratus, Curt. – 2) geistig, abhärmen, abgrämen, abquälen (vgl. Drak. Liv. 5, 54, 3), illorum me alter cruciat alter macerat, Plaut.: me macerat Phryne, Hor.: nec (infelix sollicitudo) oratorem macerat et coquit, Quint.: quae vos, cum reliqueritis, macerent desiderio, Liv.: im Passiv macerari, abgehärmt werden, oft medial = sich abhärmen, abgrämen, abängstigen, macerari desiderio, Sen.: ex desiderio magis magisque, Afran. fr.: macerari lentis ignibus, vom Liebesfeuer abgezehrt werden, Hor.: quā nunc ego maceror unā, die ich einzig (u. heftig) nur liebe, Calp.: excrucior, male mihi est, male maceror, Plaut.: maceror, quod etc., Ov.: unum hoc maceror et doleo tibi deesse, Caes. fr. – u. refl. macerare se, zB. cur me excrucio? cur me macero? Ter.: egomet me coquo et macero et defetigo, Plaut. – bildl., non tamen exspectationem vostram macerabo singulos producendo, eure E. auf die Folter spannen = allzulange hinhalten, Sen. exc. contr. 4. praef. § 2.

    lateinisch-deutsches > macero

  • 10 coquo

    coquo, coxī, coctum, ere (aus *quequo, altind. pácati, kocht, bäckt, brät; vgl. griech. πέσσω, koche, verdaue; πέπων reif, πόπανον, Gebäck), kochen = durch Feuer zubereiten, unser kochen, sieden, backen, brennen, dörren, schmelzen, zeitigen, reifen, I) eig.: A) tr.: 1) kochen, sieden, backen, is, quiilla coxerat, Cic.: c. cibaria (Brot), Liv. (so auch cibaria cocta, cibaria in quinque dies cocta, quindecirm dierum cibaria cocta, Liv.; vgl. Drak. Liv. 44, 32, 11): cibum, Varro (so auch cibus coctus, Sall.): vasa coquendis cibis utilia, Plin.: cochleam od. cochleas, Cels. u. Varro: cenam, Komik.: alci cenam, Plaut. u. Nep. (vgl. die quinti in Capitolio tibi cena cocta erit, Cato fr.): humana exta. Hor.: medicamenta, Liv.: alcis obsonia, gar kochen (scherzh. = faul machen, vom heißen Schirokko), Hor.: ova columbina, Cels.: panem, Varro fr. u. Plin.: pavonem, Hor.: venena, Liv.: caro cocta (Ggstz. caro salsa), Apic. 1. § 8 u. 10: lupinus coctus (Ggstz. crudus), Edict. Diocl. – c. alqd bene, leniter, leviter, modice, recte, Cels.: alqd sic, ut etc., Cels.: simul coquuntur mel, galbanum, resina etc., Cels.: alqd eodem modo, Cels.: alqd pluribus modis, Plin.: alqd ad carbones leniter paululum, Veget. mul.: alqd clementer, Ser. Samm.: alqd lente, Plin.: alqd igni leni od. lento, Cato u. Plin.: alqd lentis vaporibus, Hier.: c. alqd bis, Cels.: denuo, Cato:
    ————
    de integro, Col.: c. cibos turis ligno, Plin. – c. alqd in tecto, sub dio, Cato: c. liba in subito foco, Ov.: alqd carbonibus, Plin.: alqd in olla od. in aeneo vase, Plin. u. Cels.: multifariam in patellis cepe, Varro fr.: vitulus aëno coctus, Petron. – m. Angabe womit? (= mit welchem Stoffe zusammen?) durch cum u. Abl., od. m. Ang. worin? (= in welchem Stoffe?) durch in od. ex u. Abl., alqd cum aqua, in od. ex aqua, Cels.: alqd ex oleo, ex lacte, Cels.: gemmam in lacte, Plin.: alqd cum vino, in od. ex vino, Cels. – m. Angabe woraus? durch ex u. Abl. od. durch bl. Abl., picem liquidam e taeda, Plin.: alqd tostā polentā, Ov. – m. Ang. bis zu welchem Grade? alqd usque ad mellis crassitudinem, Plin.: tres heminas ad unam, Cels.: c. alqd usque eo, donec etc., Cels.: c. alqd, donec etc., Cels. – absol., ire coctum, Plaut.: coquendo sit faxo, Ter.: difficilis in coquendo cyma, Plin.: vas ad coquendum, ICt. – Partic. Perf. subst., a) coctum, ī, n. u. Plur. cocta ōrum, n., Gekochtes, = gekochte Speisen (Ggstz. crudum, cruda), quid tu, malum, curas utrum crudumque an coctum edim, Plaut. aul. 430: ne quid in popinis cocti praeter legumina aut olera veniret, Suet. Ner. 16, 2: cocta vendere, Suet. Claud. 38, 2. – b) cocta, ae, f., α) ein abgekochter Trank, ein Kräutertrank, Mart. 2, 85, 1. – β) gekochtes Fleisch, Apic. 1, 9. – 2) kochen = kochend machen, zum höchsten Hitzegrad bringen, v. der Sonne, iam non solum calet unda, sed
    ————
    coquitur, Sidon. ep. 2, 2, 1. – 3) auf dem Rost braten, rösten, als Marter, Lact. de mort. pers. 13, 3; vgl. (zur Sache) 21. § 7 u. 8. – 4) brennen, dörren, schmelzen, calcem, Cato u. Vitr.: carbones, Cato: laterculos, Cato: coctus later, gebrannter Ziegelstein, Backstein (Ggstz. crudus later), Vitr. u. Iustin.; vgl. agger coctus, aus ausgebrannten Ziegelsteinen, Prop. – c. robur, durch Feuer härten, Verg.: ligna cocta (= coctilia u. acapna, w. vgl.), ausgetrocknetes Holz, das keinen Rauch gibt, ICt.: coctus pulvis, Puzzolanerde, Stat. – c. aurum cum plumbo, schmelzen, Plin.: so aera fornacibus, Lucan.: rastra et sarcula, schmieden, Iuven. – u. v. Ausdörren, Austrocknen der Sonne u. des Windes, locus is melior, quem non coquit sol, Varro: coquit glebas aestas matutinis solibus, Verg.: rosaria cocta matutino noto, Prop. – 5) (wie πεπαίνω) zur Reife bringen, reifen, zeitigen, von der Sonne usw., eas (arbores) aequabiliter ex omnibus partibus sol ac luna coquunt; quo fit, ut uvae et oleae plures nascantur et ut celerius coquantur, Varro: cum frumentum aestas et debita maturitas coxit, Sen.: fructus (fici) solibus coctus, Plin.: et alte mitis in apricis coquitur vindemia saxis, Verg.: poma matura et cocta, Cic. – 6) in Gährung bringen, zersetzen, v. äußerer Wärme, balineae ardentes, quibus persuasere in corporibus cibos coqui, Plin. 29, 26. – von der organischen Wärme des Körpers, calore et spiritu
    ————
    omnia cocta et confecta, Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 136; vgl. 2, 137. Lact. de opif. dei 14, 5. – B) intr. kochen = gekocht werden, aqua, ubi radix eius coxerit, Dynamid. 1, 21; u. so ibid. 1, 49; 2, 90 u. 106. – II) übtr.: 1) gleichsam etw. brauen, etw., ersinnen, über etw. brüten, auf etw. sinnen, consilia secreto ab aliis, Liv.: bellum, Liv. – 2) jmd. (jmds. Herz, Busen) schmerzlich ängstigen, abhärmen, quae (cura) nunc te coquit et versat in pectore fixa, Enn. ann. 336: femineae ardentem curaeque iraeque coquebant, Verg. Aen. 7, 345: nec (sollicitudo) oratorem macerat et coquit, Quint. 12, 10, 77. – egomet me coquo (mache mir den Kopf warm) et macero et defetigo, Plaut. trin. 225. – 3) Partiz. Perf. im Kompar. m. Genet., hodie iuris coctiores (im R. geriebener) non sunt, quam qui lites creant, Plaut. Poen. 586 sq. – in guten Handschriften auch quoquo, zB. quoquat, Hor. de art. poët. 186 K. u. M. – coco, wov. cocuntur, Suet. Aug. 87, 1.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > coquo

  • 11 defatigo

    dē-fatīgo (in guten Hdschrn. u. Ausgg. auch dēfetīgo), āvī, ātum, āre, erschöpfen, bis zur gänzlichen Erschöpfung ermüden, abmatten, ganz mürbe machen, I) im allg.: a) körperl.: α) act.: augebat iter, ut serius subsequentes defatigaret, Suet.: def. se ita, ut etc., Tert.: def. nostros assiduo labore, Caes.: Pompeii exercitum cotidianis itineribus, Caes.: tirones in labore, Auct. b. Afr. – β) pass.: opus faciam, ut defatiger usque, ingratiis ut dormiam, Ter. – gew. im Partiz. Perf., defatigati cursu et spatio (lange Dauer) pugnae, Caes.: miles defatigatus labore, Curt.: defatigati proelio ac fugā, Curt.: iumenta ex nausea recenti, siti, labore defatigata, Auct. b. Afr.: milites sub onere ac sarcinis defatigati, Auct. b. Afr. – absol., puella defatigata petit a matertera, ut sibi concederet, paulipser ut in eius sella requiesceret, Cic.: u. Plur. defatigati oft subst. (v. Soldaten), Ggstz. integri, recentes atque integri, zB. integros semper defatigatis submittere, Caes.: defatigatis in vicem integri succedunt, Caes. – übtr. v. Lebl., ubertate nimiā prioris aevi defatigatum et effetum solum, Col. 1. praef. § 1. – b) geistig: α) act.: ne te adulescens mulier defatiget, dich müde spricht, Ter.: ego me et macero et defatigo, Plaut.: ille (ordo) non modo censores, sed etiam iudices omnes potest defatigare, Cic.: ne de eodem plura enumerando defatigemus lectores, Nep. – β) pass.: animo defa-
    ————
    tigato tuo, Cic.: defatigatis licitatoribus (durch Mehrgebot ermüdet, so daß sie vom Weiterbieten abstanden), Cic.: cum eum socii... ne defatigaretur (ermüde, nämlich in der Verteidigung ihrer Sache), oravissent, Cic.: defatigari clamore, Plaut.: nec animi neque corporis laboribus defatigari, Cic.: animi defatigati ab adversariis multitudine verborum, Cic.: noli igitur in conservandis bonis viris defatigari, Cic. – profecto numquam conquiescam neque defatigabor ante quam etc., Cic. de or. 3, 145. – m. folg. Infin., non despero nec defatigabor permanere non solum in studio libertatis, sed etiam in labore et periculis, Lentul. in Cic. ep. 12, 14, 7. – II) prägn., ermüdend zu schaffen machen, hart zusetzen, rem publicam, Aur. Vict. epit. 48, 5.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > defatigo

  • 12 macero

    mācero, āvī, ātum, āre (vgl. μάσσω, ich knete, μαγίς, Backtrog), 1) mürbe machen, wässern, einweichen, beizen, salsamenta, Ter.: lupinum, Varro: lini virgas, rösten, Plin.: calcem, calcis glebas, wässern, den Kalk durch Bedecken mit angefeuchtetem Sande löschen, Vitr.: fimum assiduo liquore, Colum.: alqd fumo, Plin. – II) übtr., mürbe machen, d.i. 1) körperlich, schwächen, entkräften, abmergeln, multos iste morbus macerat, Plaut.: alqm fame, Liv.: siti maceratus, Curt. – 2) geistig, abhärmen, abgrämen, abquälen (vgl. Drak. Liv. 5, 54, 3), illorum me alter cruciat alter macerat, Plaut.: me macerat Phryne, Hor.: nec (infelix sollicitudo) oratorem macerat et coquit, Quint.: quae vos, cum reliqueritis, macerent desiderio, Liv.: im Passiv macerari, abgehärmt werden, oft medial = sich abhärmen, abgrämen, abängstigen, macerari desiderio, Sen.: ex desiderio magis magisque, Afran. fr.: macerari lentis ignibus, vom Liebesfeuer abgezehrt werden, Hor.: quā nunc ego maceror unā, die ich einzig (u. heftig) nur liebe, Calp.: excrucior, male mihi est, male maceror, Plaut.: maceror, quod etc., Ov.: unum hoc maceror et doleo tibi deesse, Caes. fr. – u. refl. macerare se, zB. cur me excrucio? cur me macero? Ter.: egomet me coquo et macero et defetigo, Plaut. – bildl., non tamen exspectationem vostram macerabo singulos producendo, eure E. auf
    ————
    die Folter spannen = allzulange hinhalten, Sen. exc. contr. 4. praef. § 2.

    Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > macero

  • 13 A

    1.
    A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

    A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 61.
    II.
    The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.
    III.
    In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Short a is changed,
    1.
    , into long a
    a.
    In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,
    b.
    In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).
    c.
    In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)
    2.
    Short a is changed into é or ē—
    a.
    Into é.
    (α).
    Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).
    (β).
    Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.
    (γ).
    In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).
    b.
    Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).
    3.
    Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)
    (α).
    before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —
    (β).
    Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).
    b.
    ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.
    c.
    Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.
    d.
    In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.
    4.
    Short a is changed into short or long o.
    a.
    Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).
    b.
    Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).
    5.
    Short a is changed into ŭ
    a.
    In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).
    b.
    In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.
    c.
    ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).
    B.
    Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.
    1.
    Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.
    2.
    Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)
    IV.
    Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.
    V.
    The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).
    VI.
    Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.
    B.
    ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.
    1.
    The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.
    2.
    In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.
    3.
    ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.
    4.
    The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.
    5.
    Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - , Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.
    VII.
    In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).
    B.
    Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—
    1.
    Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. , L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.
    2.
    Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.
    3.
    Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. , L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.
    4.
    Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.
    5.
    Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.
    6.
    Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. , L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.
    C.
    Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.
    2.
    As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

    so also A. A. A.,

    ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.
    3.
    a, prep.=ab, v. ab.
    4.
    ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > A

  • 14 a

    1.
    A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

    A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 61.
    II.
    The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.
    III.
    In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Short a is changed,
    1.
    , into long a
    a.
    In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,
    b.
    In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).
    c.
    In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)
    2.
    Short a is changed into é or ē—
    a.
    Into é.
    (α).
    Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).
    (β).
    Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.
    (γ).
    In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).
    b.
    Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).
    3.
    Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)
    (α).
    before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —
    (β).
    Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).
    b.
    ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.
    c.
    Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.
    d.
    In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.
    4.
    Short a is changed into short or long o.
    a.
    Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).
    b.
    Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).
    5.
    Short a is changed into ŭ
    a.
    In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).
    b.
    In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.
    c.
    ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).
    B.
    Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.
    1.
    Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.
    2.
    Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)
    IV.
    Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.
    V.
    The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).
    VI.
    Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.
    B.
    ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.
    1.
    The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.
    2.
    In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.
    3.
    ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.
    4.
    The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.
    5.
    Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - , Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.
    VII.
    In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).
    B.
    Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—
    1.
    Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. , L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.
    2.
    Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.
    3.
    Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. , L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.
    4.
    Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.
    5.
    Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.
    6.
    Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. , L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.
    C.
    Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.
    2.
    As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

    so also A. A. A.,

    ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.
    3.
    a, prep.=ab, v. ab.
    4.
    ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > a

  • 15 coctum

    cŏquo, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. [kindr. with Sanscr. pak; Gr. pep in peptô or pessô; Germ. backen; Engl. bake], to cook, to prepare by cooking, to bake, boil, roast, parch, steep, melt, heat (very freq. and class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    cenam,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 7:

    cottidie sic cena ei coquebatur, ut, etc.,

    Nep. Cim. 4, 3:

    cibum,

    Lucr. 5, 1102; cf.

    cibaria,

    Liv. 3, 27, 3; 29, 25, 6; 44, 32, 11;

    44, 35, 13 al.: qui illa coxerat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98:

    quae coxerat aere cavo,

    Ov. M. 4, 505:

    dulce dedit, tostā quod coxerat ante polentā,

    cooked from parched malt, id. ib. 5, 450:

    humana exta,

    Hor. A. P. 186:

    (pavonem),

    id. S. 2, 2, 28:

    aliquid ex oleo,

    in oil, Cels. 5, 177; so,

    aliquid ex aceto,

    Scrib. Comp. 252. — Absol.:

    si nusquam coctum is, quidnam cenat Juppiter?

    Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 56:

    in nonum diem solet ire coctum,

    id. Aul. 2, 4, 46; 3, 2, 15:

    coquendo sit faxo et molendo,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 61.—
    B.
    Subst.
    1.
    coctum, i, n., cooked food:

    quid tu, malum, curas, utrum crudum an coctum edim?

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 16 Ussing:

    ne quid in popinas cocti praeter legumina aut olera veniret,

    Suet. Ner. 16.— Plur.:

    cocta vendere,

    Suet. Claud. 38.—
    2.
    cocta, ae, f., water boiled, and cooled by ice; a decoction, Mart. 2, 85, 1; cf. Plin. 19, 4, 19, § 55; Suet. Ner. 48.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    To prepare by fire, to burn, parch, etc.:

    laterculos,

    Cato, R. R. 39, 2:

    calcem,

    id. ib. 38, 1 sq.:

    carbonem,

    id. ib. fin.:

    locum sol,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 2; cf.:

    glaebas maturis solibus aestas,

    Verg. G. 1, 66:

    cocta ligna,

    dried, hardened by drying, Dig. 32, 1, 55, § 7:

    coctus agger,

    i. e. built of bricks, Prop. 3 (4), 11, 22:

    rosaria cocta matutino Noto,

    dried up, parched, id. 4 (5), 5, 62; cf.:

    at vos, praesentes Austri, coquite horum obsonia,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 41:

    aurum cum plumbo,

    Plin. 33, 3, 19, § 60:

    aera fornacibus,

    Luc. 6, 405.—
    B.
    To ripen, make mature:

    arbores sol ac luna,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:

    uvas,

    id. ib. 1, 54, 1; cf.

    vinum,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 125; and:

    mitis vindemia,

    Verg. G. 2, 522:

    poma (with matura),

    Cic. Sen. 19, 71:

    fructus solibus,

    Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 23:

    messem,

    Mart. 10, 62 al. —
    C.
    = concoquo, to digest:

    cibus confectus jam coctusque,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 137; 2, 54, 136 (but in these passages Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 64, would read concoquo, denying that coquo ever means to digest; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 8, 4, 16); Lact. Opif. Dei, 14, 5; cf.:

    balineae ardentes, quibus persuasere in corporibus cibos coqui,

    Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 26:

    plerique... bubulum coquunt,

    Cels. 4, 5, § 27; 4, 18, § 4.—
    III.
    Trop. (in the poets and prose writers after the Aug. per.).
    A.
    To elaborate something in mind, to consider, to think, meditate upon, contrive, plan: quicquid est, incoctum non expromet;

    bene coctum dabit,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 55: bene cocto, condito, sermone bono, Lucil. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1; cf. Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 25; cf.:

    consilia secreto,

    Liv. 2, 36, 2:

    bellum,

    id. 8, 3, 2:

    trucem invidiam,

    Stat. Th. 2, 300:

    iras cum fraude,

    Sil. 7, 403:

    Latio extrema coepta,

    id. 10, 431.—
    B.
    To vex, harass, torment, disturb the mind:

    egomet me coquo et macero et defetigo,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 3: si quid ego adjuero curamve levasso, quae nunc te coquit et versat in pectore fixa, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1; cf.:

    si sollicitudo oratorem macerat et coquit,

    Quint. 12, 10, 77:

    quos ira metusque coquebat,

    Sil. 14, 103:

    quam... Femineae ardentem curaeque iraeque coquebant,

    Verg. A. 7, 345.—Hence, Ital. cuocere; Fr. cuire. —Hence, coctus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to III. A. supra), well considered, well digested: bene coctus sermo, Lucil. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1.— Transf., of persons: hodie juris coctiores non sunt, qui lites creant. Quam, etc. (alluding to the double meaning of jus), better skilled in, etc., Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 9.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > coctum

  • 16 coquo

    cŏquo, xi, ctum, 3, v. a. [kindr. with Sanscr. pak; Gr. pep in peptô or pessô; Germ. backen; Engl. bake], to cook, to prepare by cooking, to bake, boil, roast, parch, steep, melt, heat (very freq. and class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    cenam,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 7:

    cottidie sic cena ei coquebatur, ut, etc.,

    Nep. Cim. 4, 3:

    cibum,

    Lucr. 5, 1102; cf.

    cibaria,

    Liv. 3, 27, 3; 29, 25, 6; 44, 32, 11;

    44, 35, 13 al.: qui illa coxerat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98:

    quae coxerat aere cavo,

    Ov. M. 4, 505:

    dulce dedit, tostā quod coxerat ante polentā,

    cooked from parched malt, id. ib. 5, 450:

    humana exta,

    Hor. A. P. 186:

    (pavonem),

    id. S. 2, 2, 28:

    aliquid ex oleo,

    in oil, Cels. 5, 177; so,

    aliquid ex aceto,

    Scrib. Comp. 252. — Absol.:

    si nusquam coctum is, quidnam cenat Juppiter?

    Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 56:

    in nonum diem solet ire coctum,

    id. Aul. 2, 4, 46; 3, 2, 15:

    coquendo sit faxo et molendo,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 61.—
    B.
    Subst.
    1.
    coctum, i, n., cooked food:

    quid tu, malum, curas, utrum crudum an coctum edim?

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 16 Ussing:

    ne quid in popinas cocti praeter legumina aut olera veniret,

    Suet. Ner. 16.— Plur.:

    cocta vendere,

    Suet. Claud. 38.—
    2.
    cocta, ae, f., water boiled, and cooled by ice; a decoction, Mart. 2, 85, 1; cf. Plin. 19, 4, 19, § 55; Suet. Ner. 48.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    To prepare by fire, to burn, parch, etc.:

    laterculos,

    Cato, R. R. 39, 2:

    calcem,

    id. ib. 38, 1 sq.:

    carbonem,

    id. ib. fin.:

    locum sol,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 2; cf.:

    glaebas maturis solibus aestas,

    Verg. G. 1, 66:

    cocta ligna,

    dried, hardened by drying, Dig. 32, 1, 55, § 7:

    coctus agger,

    i. e. built of bricks, Prop. 3 (4), 11, 22:

    rosaria cocta matutino Noto,

    dried up, parched, id. 4 (5), 5, 62; cf.:

    at vos, praesentes Austri, coquite horum obsonia,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 41:

    aurum cum plumbo,

    Plin. 33, 3, 19, § 60:

    aera fornacibus,

    Luc. 6, 405.—
    B.
    To ripen, make mature:

    arbores sol ac luna,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 4:

    uvas,

    id. ib. 1, 54, 1; cf.

    vinum,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 125; and:

    mitis vindemia,

    Verg. G. 2, 522:

    poma (with matura),

    Cic. Sen. 19, 71:

    fructus solibus,

    Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 23:

    messem,

    Mart. 10, 62 al. —
    C.
    = concoquo, to digest:

    cibus confectus jam coctusque,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 137; 2, 54, 136 (but in these passages Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 64, would read concoquo, denying that coquo ever means to digest; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 8, 4, 16); Lact. Opif. Dei, 14, 5; cf.:

    balineae ardentes, quibus persuasere in corporibus cibos coqui,

    Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 26:

    plerique... bubulum coquunt,

    Cels. 4, 5, § 27; 4, 18, § 4.—
    III.
    Trop. (in the poets and prose writers after the Aug. per.).
    A.
    To elaborate something in mind, to consider, to think, meditate upon, contrive, plan: quicquid est, incoctum non expromet;

    bene coctum dabit,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 55: bene cocto, condito, sermone bono, Lucil. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1; cf. Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 25; cf.:

    consilia secreto,

    Liv. 2, 36, 2:

    bellum,

    id. 8, 3, 2:

    trucem invidiam,

    Stat. Th. 2, 300:

    iras cum fraude,

    Sil. 7, 403:

    Latio extrema coepta,

    id. 10, 431.—
    B.
    To vex, harass, torment, disturb the mind:

    egomet me coquo et macero et defetigo,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 3: si quid ego adjuero curamve levasso, quae nunc te coquit et versat in pectore fixa, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1; cf.:

    si sollicitudo oratorem macerat et coquit,

    Quint. 12, 10, 77:

    quos ira metusque coquebat,

    Sil. 14, 103:

    quam... Femineae ardentem curaeque iraeque coquebant,

    Verg. A. 7, 345.—Hence, Ital. cuocere; Fr. cuire. —Hence, coctus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to III. A. supra), well considered, well digested: bene coctus sermo, Lucil. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 52, 1.— Transf., of persons: hodie juris coctiores non sunt, qui lites creant. Quam, etc. (alluding to the double meaning of jus), better skilled in, etc., Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 9.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > coquo

  • 17 EXHAUST

    [V]
    EXHAURIO (-IRE -HAUSI -HAUSTUM)
    CONFICIO (-ERE -FECI -FECTUM)
    DEBILITO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)
    INFIRMO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)
    DEFATIGO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)
    DEFETIGO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)
    FATIGO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)
    AFFICIO (-ERE -FECI -FECTUM)
    ADFICIO (-ERE -FECI -FECTUM)
    ENECO (-ARE -NECUI -NECTUM)
    ENICO (-ARE -AVI)
    CARPO (-ERE CARPSI CARPTUM)
    CONSUMO (-ERE -SUMPSI -SUMPTUM)
    TERO (-ERE TRIVI TRITUM)
    APSUMO (-ERE -SUMPSI -SUMPTUS)

    English-Latin dictionary > EXHAUST

  • 18 LOSE HEART

    [V]
    DEFATIGO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)
    DEFETIGO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)

    English-Latin dictionary > LOSE HEART

  • 19 TIRE

    [V]
    FATIGO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)
    DEFATIGO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)
    LASSO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)
    DELASSO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)
    DEFETIGO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)
    PREMO (-ERE PRESSI PRESSUM)

    English-Latin dictionary > TIRE

  • 20 WEAR DOWN

    [V]
    FATIGO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)
    DEFATIGO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)
    DEFETIGO (-ARE -AVI -ATUM)
    CONTRIO (-IRE)

    English-Latin dictionary > WEAR DOWN

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»