dī-nōsco

nosco, nōvi, nōtum, 3 (old form, GNOSCO, GNOVI, GNOTVM, acc. to Prisc. p. 569 P.; inf. pass. GNOSCIER, S. C. de Bacch.; cf. GNOTV, cognitu, Paul. ex Fest. p. 96 Müll.: GNOT (contr. for gnovit) oiden, epiginôskei; GNOTV, gnôsin, diagnôsin, Gloss. Labb.—Contr. forms in class. Lat. are nosti, noram, norim. nosse; nomus for novimus: nomus ambo Ulixem, Enn. ap. Diom. p. 382 P., or Trag. v. 199 Vahl.), v. a. [for gnosco, from the root gno; Gr. gignôskô, to begin to know], to get a knowledge of, become acquainted with, come to know a thing (syn.: scio, calleo).

Lit.

Tempp. praes.:

cum igitur, nosce te, dicit, hoc dicit, nosce animum tuum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 52: Me. Sauream non novi. Li. At nosce sane, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 58; cf.: Ch. Nosce signum. Ni. Novi, id. Bacch. 4, 6, 19; id. Poen. 4, 2, 71:

(Juppiter) nos per gentes alium alia disparat, Hominum qui facta, mores, pietatem et fidem noscamus,

id. Rud. prol. 12; id. Stich. 1, 1, 4:

id esse verum, cuivis facile est noscere,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 8:

ut noscere possis quidque,

Lucr. 1, 190; 2, 832; 3, 124; 418; 588; Cic. Rep. 1, 41, 64: deus ille, quem mente noscimus, id. N. D. 1, 14, 37.— Pass.:

EAM (tabulam) FIGIER IOVBEATIS, VBEI FACILVMED GNOSCIER POTISIT, S. C. de Bacch.: forma in tenebris nosci non quita est, Ter Hec. 4, 1, 57 sq.: omnes philosophiae partes tum facile noscuntur, cum, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 1, 4, 9: philosophiae praecepta noscenda, id. Fragm. ap. Lact. 3, 14:

nullique videnda, Voce tamen noscar,

Ov. M. 14, 153:

nec noscitur ulli,

by any one, id. Tr. 1, 5, 29:

noscere provinciam, nosci exercitui,

by the army, Tac. Agr. 5.—

Temppperf., to have become acquainted with, to have learned, to know:

si me novisti minus,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 47:

Cylindrus ego sum, non nosti nomen meum?

id. Men. 2, 2, 20:

novi rem omnem,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 50:

qui non leges, non instituta... non jura noritis,

Cic. Pis. 13, 30:

plerique neque in rebus humanis quidquam bonum norunt, nisi, etc.,

id. Lael. 21, 79:

quam (virtutem) tu ne de facie quidem nosti,

id. Pis. 32, 81; id. Fin. 2, 22, 71:

si ego hos bene novi,

if I know them well, id. Rosc. Am. 20 fin.: si Caesarem bene novi, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B, 2:

Lepidum pulchre noram,

Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 1:

si tuos digitos novi,

id. Att. 5, 21, 13:

res gestas de libris novisse,

to have learned from books, Lact. 5, 19, 15:

nosse Graece, etc. (late Lat. for scire),

Aug. Serm. 45, 5; 167, 40 al.:

ut ibi esses, ubi nec Pelopidarum—nosti cetera,

Cic. Fam. 7, 28, 2; Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 11.—

To examine, consider:

ad res suas noscendas,

Liv. 10, 20:

imaginem,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 29.—So esp., to take cognizance of as a judge:

quae olim a praetoribus noscebantur,

Tac. A. 12, 60.—

Transf., in the tempp. praes.

In gen., to know, recognize (rare; perh. not in Cic.): hau nosco tuom, I know your ( character, etc.), i. e. I know you no longer, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 44:

nosce imaginem,

id. Ps. 4, 2, 29; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 19:

potesne ex his ut proprium quid noscere?

Hor. S. 2, 7, 89; Tac. H. 1, 90.—

In partic., to acknowledge, allow, admit of a reason or an excuse (in Cic.):

numquam amatoris meretricem oportet causam noscere, Quin, etc.,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 18:

illam partem excusationis... nec nosco, nec probo,

Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 1; cf.:

quod te excusas: ego vero et tuas causas nosco, et, etc.,

id. Att. 11, 7, 4:

atque vereor, ne istam causam nemo noscat,

id. Leg. 1, 4, 11.—

Transf. in tempp. perf.

To be acquainted with, i. e. to practise, possess:

alia vitia non nosse,

Sen. Q. N. 4 praef. § 9.—

In mal. part., to know (in paronomasia), Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 1, 3, 51.—

(Eccl. Lat.) Of religious knowledge:

non noverant Dominum,

Vulg. Judic. 2, 12; ib. 2 Thess. 1, 8:

Jesum novi, Paulum scio,

I acknowledge, ib. Act. 19, 15.—Hence, nōtus, a, um, P. a., known.

Lit.:

nisi rem tam notam esse omnibus et tam manifestam videres,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, 134:

ejusmodi res ita notas, ita testatas, ita manifestas proferam,

id. ib. 2, 2, 34, §

85: fingi haec putatis, quae patent, quae nota sunt omnibus, quae tenentur?

id. Mil. 28, 76:

noti atque insignes latrones,

id. Phil. 11, 5, 10:

habere omnes philosophiae notos et tractatos locos,

id. Or. 33, 118:

facere aliquid alicui notum,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 7:

tua nobilitas hominibus litteratis est notior, populo obscurior,

id. Mur. 7, 16:

nullus fuit civis Romanus paulo notior, quin, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 2, 19:

vita P. Sullae vobis populoque Romano notissima,

Cic. Sull. 26, 72:

nulli nota domus sua,

Juv. 1, 7.—

With gen. ( poet.):

notus in fratres animi paterni,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 6: noti operum Telchines. Stat. Th. 2, 274:

notusque fugarum, Vertit terga,

Sil. 17, 148.—

With subj.-clause:

notum est, cur, etc.,

Juv. 2, 58.—

With inf. ( poet.):

Delius, Trojanos notus semper minuisse labores,

Sil. 12, 331.—

In partic.

Subst.: nōti, acquaintances, friends:

de dignitate M. Caelius notis ac majoribus natu... respondet,

Cic. Cael. 2, 3:

hi suos notos hospitesque quaerebant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 74, 5; Hor. S. 1, 1, 85; Verg. Cir. 259.—

In a bad sense, notorious:

notissimi latronum duces,

Cic. Fam. 10, 14, 1:

integrae Temptator Orion Dianae,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 70; Ov. M. 1, 198:

Clodia, mulier non solum nobilis sed etiam nota,

Cic. Cael. 13, 31; cf. id. Verr. 1, 6, 15:

moechorum notissimus,

Juv. 6, 42.—

Transf., act., knowing, that knows: novi, [p. 1217] notis praedicas, to those that know, Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 39.

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to become acquainted with, get to know.

nosco, nōvi, nōtum, 3 (old form, GNOSCO, GNOVI, GNOTVM, acc. to Prisc. p. 569 P.; inf. pass. GNOSCIER, S. C. de Bacch.; cf. GNOTV, cognitu, Paul. ex Fest. p. 96 Müll.: GNOT (contr. for gnovit) oiden, epiginôskei; GNOTV, gnôsin, diagnôsin, Gloss. Labb.—Contr. forms in class. Lat. are nosti, noram, norim. nosse; nomus for novimus: nomus ambo Ulixem, Enn. ap. Diom. p. 382 P., or Trag. v. 199 Vahl.), v. a. [for gnosco, from the root gno; Gr. gignôskô, to begin to know], to get a knowledge of, become acquainted with, come to know a thing (syn.: scio, calleo).

Lit.

Tempp. praes.:

cum igitur, nosce te, dicit, hoc dicit, nosce animum tuum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 52: Me. Sauream non novi. Li. At nosce sane, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 58; cf.: Ch. Nosce signum. Ni. Novi, id. Bacch. 4, 6, 19; id. Poen. 4, 2, 71:

(Juppiter) nos per gentes alium alia disparat, Hominum qui facta, mores, pietatem et fidem noscamus,

id. Rud. prol. 12; id. Stich. 1, 1, 4:

id esse verum, cuivis facile est noscere,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 8:

ut noscere possis quidque,

Lucr. 1, 190; 2, 832; 3, 124; 418; 588; Cic. Rep. 1, 41, 64: deus ille, quem mente noscimus, id. N. D. 1, 14, 37.— Pass.:

EAM (tabulam) FIGIER IOVBEATIS, VBEI FACILVMED GNOSCIER POTISIT, S. C. de Bacch.: forma in tenebris nosci non quita est, Ter Hec. 4, 1, 57 sq.: omnes philosophiae partes tum facile noscuntur, cum, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 1, 4, 9: philosophiae praecepta noscenda, id. Fragm. ap. Lact. 3, 14:

nullique videnda, Voce tamen noscar,

Ov. M. 14, 153:

nec noscitur ulli,

by any one, id. Tr. 1, 5, 29:

noscere provinciam, nosci exercitui,

by the army, Tac. Agr. 5.—

Temppperf., to have become acquainted with, to have learned, to know:

si me novisti minus,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 47:

Cylindrus ego sum, non nosti nomen meum?

id. Men. 2, 2, 20:

novi rem omnem,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 50:

qui non leges, non instituta... non jura noritis,

Cic. Pis. 13, 30:

plerique neque in rebus humanis quidquam bonum norunt, nisi, etc.,

id. Lael. 21, 79:

quam (virtutem) tu ne de facie quidem nosti,

id. Pis. 32, 81; id. Fin. 2, 22, 71:

si ego hos bene novi,

if I know them well, id. Rosc. Am. 20 fin.: si Caesarem bene novi, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B, 2:

Lepidum pulchre noram,

Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 1:

si tuos digitos novi,

id. Att. 5, 21, 13:

res gestas de libris novisse,

to have learned from books, Lact. 5, 19, 15:

nosse Graece, etc. (late Lat. for scire),

Aug. Serm. 45, 5; 167, 40 al.:

ut ibi esses, ubi nec Pelopidarum—nosti cetera,

Cic. Fam. 7, 28, 2; Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 11.—

To examine, consider:

ad res suas noscendas,

Liv. 10, 20:

imaginem,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 29.—So esp., to take cognizance of as a judge:

quae olim a praetoribus noscebantur,

Tac. A. 12, 60.—

Transf., in the tempp. praes.

In gen., to know, recognize (rare; perh. not in Cic.): hau nosco tuom, I know your ( character, etc.), i. e. I know you no longer, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 44:

nosce imaginem,

id. Ps. 4, 2, 29; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 19:

potesne ex his ut proprium quid noscere?

Hor. S. 2, 7, 89; Tac. H. 1, 90.—

In partic., to acknowledge, allow, admit of a reason or an excuse (in Cic.):

numquam amatoris meretricem oportet causam noscere, Quin, etc.,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 18:

illam partem excusationis... nec nosco, nec probo,

Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 1; cf.:

quod te excusas: ego vero et tuas causas nosco, et, etc.,

id. Att. 11, 7, 4:

atque vereor, ne istam causam nemo noscat,

id. Leg. 1, 4, 11.—

Transf. in tempp. perf.

To be acquainted with, i. e. to practise, possess:

alia vitia non nosse,

Sen. Q. N. 4 praef. § 9.—

In mal. part., to know (in paronomasia), Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 1, 3, 51.—

(Eccl. Lat.) Of religious knowledge:

non noverant Dominum,

Vulg. Judic. 2, 12; ib. 2 Thess. 1, 8:

Jesum novi, Paulum scio,

I acknowledge, ib. Act. 19, 15.—Hence, nōtus, a, um, P. a., known.

Lit.:

nisi rem tam notam esse omnibus et tam manifestam videres,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, 134:

ejusmodi res ita notas, ita testatas, ita manifestas proferam,

id. ib. 2, 2, 34, §

85: fingi haec putatis, quae patent, quae nota sunt omnibus, quae tenentur?

id. Mil. 28, 76:

noti atque insignes latrones,

id. Phil. 11, 5, 10:

habere omnes philosophiae notos et tractatos locos,

id. Or. 33, 118:

facere aliquid alicui notum,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 7:

tua nobilitas hominibus litteratis est notior, populo obscurior,

id. Mur. 7, 16:

nullus fuit civis Romanus paulo notior, quin, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 2, 19:

vita P. Sullae vobis populoque Romano notissima,

Cic. Sull. 26, 72:

nulli nota domus sua,

Juv. 1, 7.—

With gen. ( poet.):

notus in fratres animi paterni,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 6: noti operum Telchines. Stat. Th. 2, 274:

notusque fugarum, Vertit terga,

Sil. 17, 148.—

With subj.-clause:

notum est, cur, etc.,

Juv. 2, 58.—

With inf. ( poet.):

Delius, Trojanos notus semper minuisse labores,

Sil. 12, 331.—

In partic.

Subst.: nōti, acquaintances, friends:

de dignitate M. Caelius notis ac majoribus natu... respondet,

Cic. Cael. 2, 3:

hi suos notos hospitesque quaerebant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 74, 5; Hor. S. 1, 1, 85; Verg. Cir. 259.—

In a bad sense, notorious:

notissimi latronum duces,

Cic. Fam. 10, 14, 1:

integrae Temptator Orion Dianae,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 70; Ov. M. 1, 198:

Clodia, mulier non solum nobilis sed etiam nota,

Cic. Cael. 13, 31; cf. id. Verr. 1, 6, 15:

moechorum notissimus,

Juv. 6, 42.—

Transf., act., knowing, that knows: novi, [p. 1217] notis praedicas, to those that know, Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 39.

co-gnosco, gnōvi, gnĭtum, 3 ( tempp. perff. contr. cognosti, Ter. And. 3, 4, 7:

cognostis,

id. Hec. prol. 8:

cognoram,

Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 143; Cat. 66, 26:

cognoro,

Cic. Att. 7, 20, 2; id. Fam. 2, 11, 2 fin.: cognorim, Cael. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9, A, 1:

cognoris,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 35; Lucr. 6, 534:

cognorit,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 11:

cognosses,

Cic. Fl. 21, 51; Cat. 91, 3:

cognossent,

Nep. Lys. 4 fin.:

cognosse,

Lucr. 1, 331; Cat. 90, 3; Ov. M. 15, 4 al.; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 532; 2, 535), v. a. [nosco].

To become thoroughly acquainted with (by the senses or mentally), to learn by inquiring, to examine, investigate, perceive, see, understand, learn; and, in tempp. perff. (cf. nosco) to know (very freq. in all periods and species of composition); constr. with acc., with acc. and inf., or a rel.-clause as object, and with ex, ab, the abl. alone, or per, with the source, etc., of the information, and with de.

By the senses:

credit enim sensus ignem cognoscere vere,

Lucr. 1, 697; 6, 194; Enn. Ann. ap. Pers. 6, 9 (v. 16 Vahl.); cf.:

doctas cognoscere Athenas,

Prop. 1, 6, 13; so,

regiones,

Caes. B. G. 3, 7:

domos atque villas,

Sall. C. 12, 3:

Elysios campos, etc.,

Tib. 3, 5, 23:

totum amnem,

Verg. A. 9, 245:

sepulcra,

Suet. Calig. 3:

Aegyptum proficisci cognoscendae antiquitatis,

Tac. A. 2, 59; cf. Nep. Att. 18, 1:

infantem,

Suet. Calig. 13:

si quid dignum cognitu,

worth seeing, Suet. Aug. 43 rem, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 275, 22:

ab iis Caesar haec dicta cognovit, qui sermoni interfuerunt,

Caes. B. C 3, 18 fin.:

si tantus amor casus cognoscere nostros.. Incipiam, Verg A. 2, 10: verum, quod institui dicere, miserias cognoscite sociorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 27, § 65:

aliquid et litteris et nuntiis cognoscere,

id. Fam. 1, 5, 1; 14, 5, 1; 14, 6 init.:

iter ex perfugis,

Sall. C. 57, 3; id. J. 112, 1 al:

per exploratores cognovit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22; 5, 49; 2, 11;

7, 16: deditio per nuntios cognita,

Sall. H. Fragm. 2, 22 Gerl.:

de Marcelli salute, Cic Fam. 4, 4, 3: de Bruto,

id. Att. 5, 21, 10;

Sall J. 73, 1: his (quibus) rebus cognitis very freq. in the historians,

Caes. B G. 1, 19, 1, 33; 2, 17; 4, 30 et saep., so in abl. absol. cognito, vivere Ptolemaeum, Liv. 33, 41, 5, so id. 37, 13, 5, 44, 28, 4 al.; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 647.—

Like the Engl. to know, the Heb. (v. Gesen. Lex. s. h. v 3), and the Gr. gignôskô (v. Lidd. and Scott, under the word, III.), euphem of sexual intercourse, Ov. H. 6, 133 aliquam adulterio, Just 5, 2, 5, 22, 1, 13: cognita, Cat 61, 147; Tac. H 4, 44.—

Mentally, to become acquainted with, learn, recognize, know:

nihil certum sciri, nihil plane cognosci et percipi possit,

Cic. de Or 1, 51, 222, Lucr 2, 840;

quod Di vitiaci fratris summum in populum Romanum studium cognoverat,

Caes. B. G 1, 19; cf. Sall. C. 51, 16 quem tu, cum ephebum Temni cognosses, Cic. Fl. 21, 51 et saep.: id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse, knew by their weapons and insignia (diff. from ex and ab aliquo, to learn from any one, v ab), Caes. B G. 1, 22; Ov. P 2, 10, 1; Phaedr. 4, 21, 22.—With acc. and inf: nunc animam quoque ut in membris cognoscere possis esse, Lucr 3, 117; cf. Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25: cum paucitatem mililum ex castrorum exiguitate cognosceret, Caes B G. 4, 30: aetatem eorum ex dentibus, Varr R. R. 2, 8 fin.:

sed Metello jam antea experimentis cognitum erat, genus Numidarum infidum... esse,

Sall. J 46, 3 al. —With acc. and part.:

aliter ac sperarat rempublicam se habentem,

Nep. Ham. 2, 1.—With rel.- clause:

tandem cognosti qui siem, Ter And. 3, 4, 7: id socordiāne an casu acciderit, parum cognovi,

Sall. J. 79, 5 al. —

To recognize that which is already known, acknowledge, identify (rare for agnosco): vereor, ne me quoque, cum domum ab Ilio cessim revertero, Praeter canem cognoscat nemo, Varr. ap. Non. p. 276, 9:

eum haec cognovit Myrrhina,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 32:

primum ostendimus Cethego signum: cognovit,

Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 10; cf.:

sigilla, ova,

id. Ac. 2, 26, 86; Lucr. 2, 349:

pecus exceptum est, quod intra dies XXX. domini cognovissent,

to identify, Liv. 24, 16, 5; cf.:

ut suum quisque per triduum cognitum abduceret,

id. 3, 10, 1; Ov. F. 2, 185:

video et cognosco signum,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 45:

faciem suam,

Ov. A. A. 3, 508:

cognito regis corpore,

Just. 2, 6, 20:

mores,

Ov. P. 3, 2, 105.—So esp., to identify a person before a tribunal:

cum eum Syracusis amplius centum cives Romani cognoscerent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5, § 14; 2, 5, 28, § 72.—

With the access. idea of individual exertion (cf. Gr. gignôskô), to seek or strive to know something, to inquire into, to investigate, examine (so freq. only as a jurid. and milit. t. t.):

accipe, cognosce signum,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 31.

Jurid. t. t., to examine a case in law, to investigate judicially (cf. cognitio):

Verres adesse jubebat, Verres cognoscebat, Verres judicabat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 26; cf. Quint. 4, 2, 21; Dig. 13, 4, 4 al.—So absol.:

si judicas, cognosce,

Sen. Med. 194.—With acc.:

causam,

Quint. 4, 1, 3; cf. id. 11, 1, 77 Spald. N. cr.:

causas,

Cic. Off. 2, 23, 82; id. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118. COGNITIONES, Inscr. Orell. 3042.—With de:

de agro Campano,

Cic. Phil. 5, 19, 53:

de Caesaris actis,

id. Att. 16, 16 B, 8:

de hereditate,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 19:

hac de re,

id. ib. 2, 1, 10, § 27; cf. Quint. 6, 3, 85; 7, 4, 35; 8, 3, 62 al.; Suet. Aug. 55; 93; id. Tib. 33; id. Calig. 38 al.:

super aliquā re,

Dig. 23, 2, 13:

familiae herciscundae, i. e. ex actione familiae herciscundae,

ib. 28, 5, 35; cf. ib. 27, 2, 2.—

Transf., of critics and the criticising public:

cognoscere atque ignoscere, Quae veteres factitarunt, si faciunt novi,

Ter. Eun. prol. 42; cf. id. Hec. prol. 3 and 8.—And of private persons in gen.:

et cognoscendi et ignoscendi dabitur peccati locus,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 6.—

Milit. t. t., to reconnoitre, to act the part of a scout:

qualis esset natura montis et qualis in circuitu ascensus, qui cognoscerent, misit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 21 al— Also merely to inquire into, examine:

numerum tuorum militum reliquiasque,

Cic. Pis. 37, 91 (al. recognoscere).—Hence, *

cognoscens, entis, P. a., acquainted with:

cognoscens sui,

Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25. —Subst. in jurid. lang., one who investigates judicially Inscr Orell 3151; 3185.—

* Adv.: cognoscenter, with knowledge, distinctly:

ut cognoscenter te videam,

Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 22.—

cognĭtus, a, um, P. a., known, acknowledged, approved. res penitus perspectae planeque cognitae, Cic. de Or. 1, 23, 108, cf. id. ib 1, 20, 92; id. Fam. 1, 7, 2. dierum ratio pervulgata et cognita, id. Mur 11, 25:

homo virtute cognitā et spectatā fide,

id. Caecin. 36, 104.—With dat.:

mihi Galba, Otho, Vitellius nec beneficio nec injuriā cogniti,

Tac. H. 1, 1, so Plin. 12, 21, 45, § 99.— Comp.:

cognitiora, Ov Tr. 4, 6, 28. cognitius,

id. M. 14, 15.— Sup.:

cognitissima,

Cat. 4, 14.

dī-nosco (old form, dīgnosco —no perf. nor sup.), ĕre, 3, v. a. [dis, 2.; nosco], to know apart, to distinguish, discern one thing from another (perh. not ante-Aug.).

With ab:

vix ut dinosci possit a mastiche verā,

Plin. 12, 17, 36, § 72. —

With abl.:

civem dinoscere hoste,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 29:

ut possem curvo dinoscere rectum,

id. ib. 2, 2, 44:

aera tinnitu,

Quint. 11, 3, 31:

vocem auribus, speciem oculis,

id. ib. 18:

aliquid sapore,

Col. 2, 2, 20.—

With accus.:

suos et alienos,

Col. 8, 5, 7:

vera bona,

Juv. 10, 2:

veri speciem,

Pers. 5, 105.—

With rel. clause:

dinoscere Quid solidum crepet, etc.,

Pers. 5, 24.—

Absol.:

inter se similes, vix ut dinoscere possis,

Ov. M. 13, 835; Suet. Oth. 12.

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* * *

* * *

agnosco ( adgn-; also adn-; cf. Wagn. Orthog. Verg. p. 407), nōvi, nitum (like cognĭtum from cognosco; cf. pejĕro and dejĕro from jūro), 3, v. a. [ad, intens. -gnosco, nosco] ( part. perf. agnōtus, Pac. ap. Prisc. p. 887 P.; part. fut. act. agnoturus, Sall. H. Fragm. 2, 31; cf. Diom. 383 P.; class.; used very freq. by Cicero).

As if to know a person or thing well, as having known it before, to recognize: agnoscere always denotes a subjective knowledge or recognition; while cognoscere designates an objective perception; another distinction v. in II.): in turbā Oresti cognitā agnota est soror, was recognized by Orestes as his sister, Pac. ap. Prisc. 887 P.:

virtus cum se extollit et ostendit suum lumen et idem aspexit agnovitque in alio,

and when she has perceived the same in another, and has recognized it, Cic. Lael. 27, 100:

id facillime accipiunt animi, quod agnoscunt,

Quint. 8, 3, 71:

cum se collegit (animus) atque recreavit, tum agnoscit illa reminiscendo,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 58:

quod mihi de filiā gratularis, agnosco humanitatem tuam,

id. Fam. 1, 7 (cf. on the contr. id. ib. 5, 2, where Cic., speaking of himself, says: Cognosce nunc humanitatem meam, learn from this, etc.):

nomine audito extemplo agnovere virum,

Liv. 7, 39:

veterem amicum,

Verg. A. 3, 82:

matrem,

id. ib. 1, 405: Figulum in patriam suam venisse atque ibi agnosci, and is there recognized (by those who had already known him), Quint. 7, 2, 26:

formas quasdam nostrae pecuniae agnoscunt,

Tac. G. 5:

agnoscent Britanni suam causam,

id. Agr. 32:

nitorem et altitudinem horum temporum agnoscimus,

id. Or. 21:

quam (tunicam) cum agnovisset pater,

Vulg. Gen. 37, 33.—

Transf., as a result of this knowledge or recognition, to declare, announce, allow, or admit a thing to be one's own, to acknowledge, own: qui mihi tantum tribui dicis, quantum ego nec agnosco ( neither can admit as due to me) nec postulo, Cic. Lael. 9:

natum,

Nep. Ages. 1, 4:

Aeacon agnoscit summus prolemque fatetur Juppiter esse suam,

Ov. M. 13, 27 (cf. in Pandects, 25, Tit. 3:

de agnoscendis vel alendis liberis): an me non agnoscetis ducem?

will you not acknowledge me as your general? Liv. 6, 7:

agnoscere bonorum possessionem,

to declare the property as one's own, to lay claim to it, Dig. 26, 8, 11 (cf. agnitio, I.):

agnoscere aes alienum,

ib. 28, 5, 1:

facti gloriam,

Cic. Mil. 14 fin.:

susciperem hoc crimen, agnoscerem, confiterer,

id. Rab. Perd. 6:

fortasse minus expediat agnoscere crimen quam abnuere,

Tac. A. 6, 8:

sortilegos,

Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132: et ego ipse me non esse verborum admodum inopem agnosco, and I myself confess, allow, etc., id. Fam. 4, 4:

id ego agnovi meo jussu esse factum,

id. ib. 5, 20, 3: carmina spreta exolescunt;

si irascare, agnita videntur,

Tac. A. 4, 34.—

To understand, recognize, know, perceive by, from, or through something:

ut deum agnoscis ex operibus ejus, sic ex memoriā rerum et inventione, vim divinam mentis agnoscito,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 70; id. Planc. 14, 35:

ex fructu arbor agnoscitur,

Vulg. Matt. 12, 33:

inde agnosci potest vis fortunae,

Vell. 2, 116, 3.—Also, absol.: Augusti laudes agnoscere possis, you can recognize the praises of Augustus, * Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 29:

accipio agnoscoque deos,

Verg. A. 12, 260 (cf. accipio):

agniti dempsere sollicitudinem,

Tac. H. 2, 68:

Germanicus, quo magis agnosceretur, detraxerat tegimen,

id. A. 2, 21:

terram non agnoscebant,

Vulg. Act. 27, 39.—In gen., to become acquainted with, to know; to perceive, apprehend, understand, discern, remark, see:

quin puppim flectis, Ulixe, Auribus ut nostros possis agnoscere cantus,

Cic. Fin. 5, 18, 49 (as transl. of Hom. Od. 12, 185, Nêa katastêson, hina nôïterên op akousêis):

haec dicta sunt subtilius ab Epicuro quam ut quivis ea possit agnoscere,

understand, id. N. D. 1, 18, 49; Verg. A. 10, 843; Phaedr. 2, 5, 19:

alienis pedibus ambulamus, alienis oculis agnoscimus,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 19.

agnosco ( adgn-; also adn-; cf. Wagn. Orthog. Verg. p. 407), nōvi, nitum (like cognĭtum from cognosco; cf. pejĕro and dejĕro from jūro), 3, v. a. [ad, intens. -gnosco, nosco] ( part. perf. agnōtus, Pac. ap. Prisc. p. 887 P.; part. fut. act. agnoturus, Sall. H. Fragm. 2, 31; cf. Diom. 383 P.; class.; used very freq. by Cicero).

As if to know a person or thing well, as having known it before, to recognize: agnoscere always denotes a subjective knowledge or recognition; while cognoscere designates an objective perception; another distinction v. in II.): in turbā Oresti cognitā agnota est soror, was recognized by Orestes as his sister, Pac. ap. Prisc. 887 P.:

virtus cum se extollit et ostendit suum lumen et idem aspexit agnovitque in alio,

and when she has perceived the same in another, and has recognized it, Cic. Lael. 27, 100:

id facillime accipiunt animi, quod agnoscunt,

Quint. 8, 3, 71:

cum se collegit (animus) atque recreavit, tum agnoscit illa reminiscendo,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 58:

quod mihi de filiā gratularis, agnosco humanitatem tuam,

id. Fam. 1, 7 (cf. on the contr. id. ib. 5, 2, where Cic., speaking of himself, says: Cognosce nunc humanitatem meam, learn from this, etc.):

nomine audito extemplo agnovere virum,

Liv. 7, 39:

veterem amicum,

Verg. A. 3, 82:

matrem,

id. ib. 1, 405: Figulum in patriam suam venisse atque ibi agnosci, and is there recognized (by those who had already known him), Quint. 7, 2, 26:

formas quasdam nostrae pecuniae agnoscunt,

Tac. G. 5:

agnoscent Britanni suam causam,

id. Agr. 32:

nitorem et altitudinem horum temporum agnoscimus,

id. Or. 21:

quam (tunicam) cum agnovisset pater,

Vulg. Gen. 37, 33.—

Transf., as a result of this knowledge or recognition, to declare, announce, allow, or admit a thing to be one's own, to acknowledge, own: qui mihi tantum tribui dicis, quantum ego nec agnosco ( neither can admit as due to me) nec postulo, Cic. Lael. 9:

natum,

Nep. Ages. 1, 4:

Aeacon agnoscit summus prolemque fatetur Juppiter esse suam,

Ov. M. 13, 27 (cf. in Pandects, 25, Tit. 3:

de agnoscendis vel alendis liberis): an me non agnoscetis ducem?

will you not acknowledge me as your general? Liv. 6, 7:

agnoscere bonorum possessionem,

to declare the property as one's own, to lay claim to it, Dig. 26, 8, 11 (cf. agnitio, I.):

agnoscere aes alienum,

ib. 28, 5, 1:

facti gloriam,

Cic. Mil. 14 fin.:

susciperem hoc crimen, agnoscerem, confiterer,

id. Rab. Perd. 6:

fortasse minus expediat agnoscere crimen quam abnuere,

Tac. A. 6, 8:

sortilegos,

Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132: et ego ipse me non esse verborum admodum inopem agnosco, and I myself confess, allow, etc., id. Fam. 4, 4:

id ego agnovi meo jussu esse factum,

id. ib. 5, 20, 3: carmina spreta exolescunt;

si irascare, agnita videntur,

Tac. A. 4, 34.—

To understand, recognize, know, perceive by, from, or through something:

ut deum agnoscis ex operibus ejus, sic ex memoriā rerum et inventione, vim divinam mentis agnoscito,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 70; id. Planc. 14, 35:

ex fructu arbor agnoscitur,

Vulg. Matt. 12, 33:

inde agnosci potest vis fortunae,

Vell. 2, 116, 3.—Also, absol.: Augusti laudes agnoscere possis, you can recognize the praises of Augustus, * Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 29:

accipio agnoscoque deos,

Verg. A. 12, 260 (cf. accipio):

agniti dempsere sollicitudinem,

Tac. H. 2, 68:

Germanicus, quo magis agnosceretur, detraxerat tegimen,

id. A. 2, 21:

terram non agnoscebant,

Vulg. Act. 27, 39.—In gen., to become acquainted with, to know; to perceive, apprehend, understand, discern, remark, see:

quin puppim flectis, Ulixe, Auribus ut nostros possis agnoscere cantus,

Cic. Fin. 5, 18, 49 (as transl. of Hom. Od. 12, 185, Nêa katastêson, hina nôïterên op akousêis):

haec dicta sunt subtilius ab Epicuro quam ut quivis ea possit agnoscere,

understand, id. N. D. 1, 18, 49; Verg. A. 10, 843; Phaedr. 2, 5, 19:

alienis pedibus ambulamus, alienis oculis agnoscimus,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 19.

agnosco ( adgn-; also adn-; cf. Wagn. Orthog. Verg. p. 407), nōvi, nitum (like cognĭtum from cognosco; cf. pejĕro and dejĕro from jūro), 3, v. a. [ad, intens. -gnosco, nosco] ( part. perf. agnōtus, Pac. ap. Prisc. p. 887 P.; part. fut. act. agnoturus, Sall. H. Fragm. 2, 31; cf. Diom. 383 P.; class.; used very freq. by Cicero).

As if to know a person or thing well, as having known it before, to recognize: agnoscere always denotes a subjective knowledge or recognition; while cognoscere designates an objective perception; another distinction v. in II.): in turbā Oresti cognitā agnota est soror, was recognized by Orestes as his sister, Pac. ap. Prisc. 887 P.:

virtus cum se extollit et ostendit suum lumen et idem aspexit agnovitque in alio,

and when she has perceived the same in another, and has recognized it, Cic. Lael. 27, 100:

id facillime accipiunt animi, quod agnoscunt,

Quint. 8, 3, 71:

cum se collegit (animus) atque recreavit, tum agnoscit illa reminiscendo,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 58:

quod mihi de filiā gratularis, agnosco humanitatem tuam,

id. Fam. 1, 7 (cf. on the contr. id. ib. 5, 2, where Cic., speaking of himself, says: Cognosce nunc humanitatem meam, learn from this, etc.):

nomine audito extemplo agnovere virum,

Liv. 7, 39:

veterem amicum,

Verg. A. 3, 82:

matrem,

id. ib. 1, 405: Figulum in patriam suam venisse atque ibi agnosci, and is there recognized (by those who had already known him), Quint. 7, 2, 26:

formas quasdam nostrae pecuniae agnoscunt,

Tac. G. 5:

agnoscent Britanni suam causam,

id. Agr. 32:

nitorem et altitudinem horum temporum agnoscimus,

id. Or. 21:

quam (tunicam) cum agnovisset pater,

Vulg. Gen. 37, 33.—

Transf., as a result of this knowledge or recognition, to declare, announce, allow, or admit a thing to be one's own, to acknowledge, own: qui mihi tantum tribui dicis, quantum ego nec agnosco ( neither can admit as due to me) nec postulo, Cic. Lael. 9:

natum,

Nep. Ages. 1, 4:

Aeacon agnoscit summus prolemque fatetur Juppiter esse suam,

Ov. M. 13, 27 (cf. in Pandects, 25, Tit. 3:

de agnoscendis vel alendis liberis): an me non agnoscetis ducem?

will you not acknowledge me as your general? Liv. 6, 7:

agnoscere bonorum possessionem,

to declare the property as one's own, to lay claim to it, Dig. 26, 8, 11 (cf. agnitio, I.):

agnoscere aes alienum,

ib. 28, 5, 1:

facti gloriam,

Cic. Mil. 14 fin.:

susciperem hoc crimen, agnoscerem, confiterer,

id. Rab. Perd. 6:

fortasse minus expediat agnoscere crimen quam abnuere,

Tac. A. 6, 8:

sortilegos,

Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132: et ego ipse me non esse verborum admodum inopem agnosco, and I myself confess, allow, etc., id. Fam. 4, 4:

id ego agnovi meo jussu esse factum,

id. ib. 5, 20, 3: carmina spreta exolescunt;

si irascare, agnita videntur,

Tac. A. 4, 34.—

To understand, recognize, know, perceive by, from, or through something:

ut deum agnoscis ex operibus ejus, sic ex memoriā rerum et inventione, vim divinam mentis agnoscito,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 70; id. Planc. 14, 35:

ex fructu arbor agnoscitur,

Vulg. Matt. 12, 33:

inde agnosci potest vis fortunae,

Vell. 2, 116, 3.—Also, absol.: Augusti laudes agnoscere possis, you can recognize the praises of Augustus, * Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 29:

accipio agnoscoque deos,

Verg. A. 12, 260 (cf. accipio):

agniti dempsere sollicitudinem,

Tac. H. 2, 68:

Germanicus, quo magis agnosceretur, detraxerat tegimen,

id. A. 2, 21:

terram non agnoscebant,

Vulg. Act. 27, 39.—In gen., to become acquainted with, to know; to perceive, apprehend, understand, discern, remark, see:

quin puppim flectis, Ulixe, Auribus ut nostros possis agnoscere cantus,

Cic. Fin. 5, 18, 49 (as transl. of Hom. Od. 12, 185, Nêa katastêson, hina nôïterên op akousêis):

haec dicta sunt subtilius ab Epicuro quam ut quivis ea possit agnoscere,

understand, id. N. D. 1, 18, 49; Verg. A. 10, 843; Phaedr. 2, 5, 19:

alienis pedibus ambulamus, alienis oculis agnoscimus,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 19.

disco, dĭdĭci, 3 ( part. fut.: sic disciturum, etc., App. ap. Prisc. p. 887 P.), v. a. [from the root da-, Gr. dedaôs, daênai; dak-, cf. doceo, doctus, Gr. didaskô], to learn, to learn to know, to become acquainted with, etc. (for syn. cf.: capio, percipio, concipio, comprehendo, intellego, cognosco, nosco, agnosco, animadverto, calleo, scio—very freq. in all periods and sorts of writing).

With acc.:

litteras Graecas senex didici,

Cic. de Sen. 8, 26; id. Tusc. 1, 13, 29: so,

litteras,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 22:

jus civile,

id. Mur. 9, 19; 10, 23:

litteras apud aliquem,

Cic. Fam. 9, 10, 2:

dialectica ab aliquo,

id. Ac. 2, 30, 98:

artem ab aliquo,

Quint. 3, 1, 10 et saep.:

aliquid de aliquo,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 31:

virtutem ex me, fortunam ex aliis,

Verg. A. 12, 435; cf. Quint. 12, 8, 6 al.:

fabularum similia,

Cic. Rep. 1, 36:

artes,

id. ib. 2, 21:

palaestram,

Quint. 5, 10, 121:

affectum,

id. 1, 11, 2:

inde vocabula prima,

Lucr. 5, 1042:

elementa prima,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 26:

dulces querelas,

Lucr. 5, 1384; cf.

preces,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 133 et saep.:

me peritus Discet Iber,

Hor. C. 2, 20, 20; cf.:

quem (Augustum) didicere Vindelici,

id. ib. 4, 14, 8:

omnes crimine ab uno,

Verg. A. 2, 66 et saep.— Pass.:

dum est, unde jus civile discatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45; cf.

jus,

Quint. 12, 3, 9:

Crassus, quod disci potuit de jure didicit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 143:

tot artibus discendis,

Quint. 12, 11, 9 et saep.—

With inf. or acc. and inf.:

pueri qui nare discunt,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 9:

rapere et clepere,

Cic. Rep. 4, 5 (ap. Non. 20, 15):

Latine loqui,

Sall. J. 101, 6:

nobis ignoscere,

Quint. 11, 2, 45:

assem in partes diducere,

Hor. A. P. 326:

bene ferre magnam fortunam,

id. C. 3, 27, 75 et saep.:

bene ubi quod consilium discimus accidisse, etc.,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 15:

discit, Litavicum ad sollicitandos Haeduos profectum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 54:

animadverti et didici ex tuis litteris te omnibus in rebus habuisse rationem, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 3, 5; id. Ac. 2, 30 fin.:

deos didici securum agere aevum,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 101 et saep.—

With relat. clause:

plures discent, quemadmodum haec fiant, quam quemadmodum his resistatur,

Cic. Lael. 12, 41:

quantum in Etruria belli esset,

Liv. 10, 25:

patriae quid debeat, etc.,

Hor. A. P. 312 et saep.—

Absol.:

disces tu quidem a principe hujus aetatis philosophorum, et disces quamdiu voles,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 2:

didicit,

i. e. oratory, id. Brut. 71, 249; Caes. B. G. 6, 14, 4; Quint. 1, 12, 14 al.:

discendi aut visendi causa maria transmittere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 3; so,

discendi causa,

id. ib. 1, 10; id. Off. 2, 1, 4; Caes. B. G. 6, 13 fin. al.:

se ita a patribus majoribusque suis didicisse, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 6. —Ellipt.:

discebant fidibus antiqui, sc. canere,

Cic. de Sen. 8 fin. (cf.:

docere fidibus,

Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 3:

scire fidibus,

Ter. Eun. 1, 5, 53).—

Transf., of inanimate subjects:

manus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 159:

nec varios discet mentiri lana colores,

Verg. E. 4, 42:

arbores,

Plin. H. N. 16 prooem.—

To teach = docere (late Lat., cf. manthanein, and Eng. learn):

falsa discentes,

Amm. 14, 1.

G, g, indecl. n. or (on account of littera) f., had originally no place in the Latin alphabet: both the sharp and the flat guttural mutes, our k and g sounds, being represented by C; hence on the Columna Rostrata LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, (pu)CNANDOD, PVCN(ad), CARTACINIENSIS, for legiones, etc.; hence, too, the archaic form ACETARE for agitare (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 23 Müll. N. cr.), and the still common abbreviation of the names Gaius and Gneus in C and Cn.—At a later period (acc. to Plut. Qu. Rom. p. 277 D and 278 E, by means of a freedman of Spurius Carvilius Ruga, about the beginning of the second Punic war) a slight graphic alteration was made in the C, which introduced into the Roman orthography the letter G (on the old monuments C); thus we have in the S. C. de Bacchanal.: MAGISTER, MAGISTRATVM, FIGIER, GNOSCIER, AGRO; on the other hand, the orthography GNAIVOD PATRE PROGNATVS on the first Epitaph of the Scipios, which dates before that time, indicates either incorrectness in the copying or a later erection of the monument. When Greek words are written in Latin letters and vice versa, G always corresponds to G. Its sound was always hard, like Engl. g in gate, at least until the sixth century A. D.As an initial, g, in pure Latin words, enters into consonantal combination only with l and r; and therefore in words which, from their etymology, had the combination gn, the g was rejected in the classical period, and thus arose the class. forms nascor, natus, nosco, novi, notus, narus, navus, from the original gnascor, gnatus, gnosco, etc. (cf. the English gnaw, gnat, gnarr, etc., where the g has become silent); whereas in compounds the g again is often retained: cognatus, cognosco, ignarus, ignavus.—An initial g is dropped in lac (kindred to GALACT, gala), likewise in anser (kindred to Germ. Gans; Sanscr. hansa; Greek chên).As a medial, g combines with l, m, n, r, although it is sometimes elided before m in the course of formation; so in examen for exagmen from agmen; in contamino for contagmino (from con-TAG, tango). Before s the soft sound of g passes into the hard sound of c, and becomes blended with the s into x (v. the letter X); though sometimes the g (or c) is elided altogether, as in mulsi from mulgeo, indulsi from indulgeo; cf.: sparsus, mersus, tersus, etc. So too before t, as indultum from indulgeo. The medial g is often dropped between two vowels, and compensated for by lengthening the preced. vowel: māior from măgior, pulēium from pulēgium, āio from ăgio (root AG, Sanscr. ah, to say; cf. nego). Likewise the medial g is dropped in lēvis for legvis, Sanscr. laghn, fava for fagva, fruor for frugvor, flamma for flagma, stimulus for stigmulus, examen for exagmen; jumentum, from root jug-: sumen from sug-; cf.: umor, flamen, etc.As a final, g was only paragogic, acc. to Quint. 1, 7, 13, in the obsolete VESPERVG (for vesperu, analogous with noctu; v. Spald. ad loc.). Etymologically, g corresponds to an original Indo - European g or gh, or is weakened from c, k. Thus it stands where in Greek we have:

g, as ago, agô; ager, agros; argentum, arguros; genus, genos; fulgeo, phlegô, and so very commonly;

ch (usually before r, or in the middle of a word): ango, anchô; rigo, brechô; gratus, chairô, etc.;

k: viginti, eikosi; gubernator, kubernêtês; gummi, kommi, etc.—By assimilation, g was produced from b and d in oggero, suggero, aggero, etc., from obgero, sub-gero, ad-gero, etc.As an abbreviation, G denotes Galliarum, Gallica, gemina, Germania, genius, etc.; and sometimes Gaius (instead of the usual C); v. Inscr. Orell. 467; 1660; 4680:

G.P.R.F. genio populi Romani feliciter,

Inscr. Orell. 4957; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 76 sqq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 38 sqq.