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21 oro

ōro, āvī, ātum, āre (ōs, oris), sich durch den Mund vernehmen lassen, reden, I) im allg., reden, sprechen, a) übh.: α) absol.: talibus orabat dictis, Verg.: iuveni oranti subitus tremor occupat artus, Verg.: orantis medias deseruere preces, Ov. – β) m. Acc. der Sache: bonum aequomque oras, Plaut.: ius (= aequom) hic orat (mit scherzh. Anspielung auf das Rechtsprechen des Prätors), Plaut.: u. so ius bonum oras, Plaut. – b) als Redner, öffentlich (vor Gericht) sprechen, reden, orandi nescius, kein Redner, Tac.: orandi validus, ein tüchtiger Redner, Tac.: ars orandi, die Redekunst, Quint.: orandi scientia, Quint.: genus orandi, Tac.: orandi genus lene iucundumque, Aur. Vict.: scio nunc tibi esse praecipuum studium orandi, ich weiß, daß gegenwärtig die gerichtliche Beredsamkeit dein vorzügliches Studium ist, Quint.: vestra in nos promerita complecti orando, Cic.: Latine Graeceque vel in orando vel in fingendis poëmatibus promptus et facilis ad extemporalitatem usque, Suet. – m. pro u. Abl., causam dixit et ipse pro se oravit, hielt selbst für sich die Verteidigungsrede, Liv. 39, 40, 12. – Partiz. subst., orantes, die Redenden, die Redner, Tac. dial. 6. § 6. – c) etw. öffentl. besprechen, etw. vortragen, über etw. verhandeln, rem ubi pacunt (pagunt), orato, wo ein Vertrag geschlossen wird, da soll er verhandelt werden, XII tabb. fr.: causam, Cic., Liv. u. Tac.: capitis causam, Cic.: causas melius, Verg.: litem, Cic.

II) bittend ansprechen, anrufen, ersuchen, bitten, a) im allg.: α) m. Acc. der Pers., die man bittet: virginem, Liv. Andr.: longis Hecaten ululatibus, Ov.: principem agnitum oraverat, er hatte den Kaiser erkannt u. bei ihm Abbitte getan, Tac. – oft (parenthet.) oro te, ich bitte dich, dic, oro te, clarius, Cic.: ne illa quidem, oro vos, movent? Liv.: quid, oro te, habent liberale isti ieiuni vomitores? Sen. – β) m. Acc. des Ggstds., um den man bittet, um etwas ansprechen, anhalten, anrufen, ersuchen, bitten, etw. erbitten, eius mortem, Ter.: vitam, Verg.: vitam suppliciter, Liv.: auxilium ad bellum, Liv.: finem malorum, Ov.: veniam, Ov.: hanc extremam veniam (Gnade, Gunst), Verg.: im Passiv m. dopp. Nom., socer non orandus erat, vi sed faciendus Erechtheus, ich mußte mir E. zum Schw. nicht erbitten, sondern ihn mit Gewalt dazu machen, Ov. met. 6, 701. – m. Ang. wem? für wen? wozu? durch Dat., gnato filiam, Ter.: opes rebus affectis, Liv.: opem valetudini, Suet.: veniam dapibus nullisque paratibus, Ov.: tempus sermoni, Tac. – γ) m. Acc. der Pers.u. Acc. der Sache: scin quid te orem? Ter.: quod ego te per dextram hanc oro, Ter.: hoc consulem, Liv.: multa deos, Verg.: auxilia regem, Liv.: alqm libertatem, Suet. – δ) m. ut od. ne u. Konj. od. m. bl. Coniunctiv, teils ohne Acc. der Pers., m. ut u. Konj., gnatam ut det oro, vixque id exoro, Ter.: peto a te vel, si pateris, oro, ut homines miseros conserves incolumes, Cic.: morte me ut vindices ab Romanorum arbitrio, oro obtestorque, Liv.: orat atque obsecrat, ut sibi parcat, Caes.: orat multis et supplicibus verbis, ut liceat et ut sibi rescribam, Cic.: Curianus orabat, ut sibi donarem portionem meam, Plin. ep. – m. ne u. Konj., rogare et orare, ne illos supplices aspernarer, quos etc., Cic.: ecce amici orantes obsecrantesque, ne reliqua recitaret, Plin. ep. – m. bl. Coniunctiv, velatis manibus orant, ignoscamus peccatum suum, Plaut.: quod superest, oro, liceat dare tuta per undas vela tibi, Verg.: faveas, oramus, Ov.: tum mater orari, hortari, iubere, quoquo modo fugerem, Plin. ep.: orant, suppliciis suis potius saturaret se quam contumeliis, Iustin.: oro quaesoque, non obirascaris mihi, Claud. Mam. – teils m. Acc. der Pers., m. ut u. Konj., oro te, mihi ut ignoscas, Plaut.: rogat oratque te, ut sibi per te liceat vitam in egestate degere, Cic.: te oro et obsecro, ut mihi per hos conserves eum, Cic.: reliquum est, ut te orem, ut valetudini tuae diligentissime servias, Cic.: Arria milites orabat, ut simul imponeretur (eingeschifft werde), Plin. ep.: deos semper oravi, ut, quod evenit, periret Tiberius, Suet.: Minervam genibus (auf den Kn.) nixus obsecro atque oro, ut etc., Fronto: m. ne u. Konj., rogat eos atque orat, ne oppugnent filium suum, Cic.: Timoleon omnes oravit, ne id facerent, Nep.: omnes vos oratos volo (ich will euch alle gebeten haben), ne plus iniquom possit quam aequom oratio, Ter. – teils m. vorhergeh. allg. Acc., m. folg. ut od. ne u. Konj., idque postremum parentes suos liberi orabant, ut levandi sui cruciatus causā lictori pecunia daretur, Cic.: illud te ad extremum et oro et hortor, ut in extrema parte muneris ac negotii tui diligentissimus sis, Cic.: quod te, Aesculapi, et te, Salus, ne quid sit huius oro, Ter. Hec. 338. – teils m. ab u. Abl. der Pers., m. folg. ut od. ne (ni) u. Konj., mit u. ohne vorhergeh. allg. Acc., hoc me a vobis orare Iuppiter iussit, ut conquaestores singula in subsellia eant, Plaut. Amph. prol. 65: primum hoc abs te oro, ni me inexorabilem faxis, Pacuv. tr. 122: petivit oravitque a suis amicissimis impense, ut Aeneida adolerent, Gell. 17, 10, 7: oratus ab Artario medico, ne in castris remaneret, Vell. 2, 70, 1. – teils m. cum u. Abl. der Pers.u. m. Acc. der Sache, tu vero face quod tecum precibus pater orat, Enn. ann. 20: m. folg. ut u. Konj., egi atque oravi tecum, uxorem ut duceres, Ter.: tecum oro et quaeso, ut ei detur, Plaut.: m. vorhergeh. allg. Acc., hoc tecum oro, ut illius animum atque ingenium regas, Plaut. – ε) m. folg. Infin., teils ohne Acc. der Pers., die man bittet, oratus sum huc venire, Plaut.: iam pridem a me illos abducere orat, Verg.: oratque mori, Sen. tr. – teils m. Acc. der Pers., principem orabat deligere senatores, ex quibus etc., Tac. ann. 6, 2: Vibidiam oravit pontificis maximi aures adire, Tac. ann. 11, 32; u. so Tac. ann. 12, 9 u. 13, 13. – ζ) m. folg. Acc. u. Infin. Praes. Pass., vel Aegypti praeturam concedi sibi oraret, Suet. Ner. 47, 2: quis (occultis precibus) permitti Meherdaten patrium ad fastigium orabant, Tac. ann. 11, 10 extr. – η) m. pro u. Abl., nec pro civibus se orare, sed pro innoxio patriae solo et pro urbe, Iustin. 11, 4, 4: ut Octavius orandus sit pro salute cuiusquam civis, Cic. ep. ad Brut. 1, 16, 2: m. folg. ut u. Konj., ut (deum) pro illa ores, ut sit propitius, Plaut asin. 783. – θ) m. Dat. für wen? venit oratum filio, Plaut. trin. 611. – ι) beim Imperativ, per deos oro, este mei memores, Ov. met. 13, 376 sqq.: remove istaec, oro te, Suet. Caes. 49, 3: absiste inceptis, oro, Sil. 11, 336 (vgl. 11, 350). – κ) ganz absol.: oro, obsecro, ignosce, Cic.: oremus, accusemus, gravius denique minitemur, Ter.: per genua (fußfällig) orare conans, Suet.: orandi iam finem face, Ter.: sororem dare Prusiae precanti atque oranti, Liv.: oranti surdas praebere aures, Ov. – b) beten, talibus orabat dictis, Verg. Aen. 6, 124: mulierem decalvatam orare non decet, Ambros. in Luc. 6. § 19: idem (Christus) secessurus orandi gratiā, ut solebat, in montem, Lact. 4, 15, 20: Passiv unpers., oratur, es wird gebetet, Sidon. epist. 5, 14, 3. – / Synk. Perf. orasti, Plaut. mil. 1269: 2. Pers. Coni. Perf. orasseis (= oraveris), Plaut. Epid. 728 G.

lateinisch-deutsches > oro
22 precor

precor (praecor), ātus sum, ārī (prex), bitten, beten, jmd. bittend, betend anreden, anrufen, etw. betend sagen u. dgl., I) im allg.: a) m. Acc. der Pers., die man bittet, zu der man betet, deos, Cic. (u. so deos, quibus honestissime supplicamus, tacite malumus et intra nosmet ipsos precari, Sen.): Iovem Optimum Maximum, Cic.: numina sancta Palladis armisonae, Verg.: venire memorant ad precandum Romanum, Liv.: Nyctelium patrem, bittend anrufen, Ov. – zugleich m. Ang. für wen? durch Dat., fratri vitam precatus est, Sen. rhet.: ut iure sacerdotii precari deos pro te publice possim, quos nunc precor pietate privatā, Plin. ep.: cum sibi se ac liberis suis intellegerent precari, quae pro te precarentur, Plin. pan. – b) m. Acc. der Sache, um die man bittet (betet): opem, Liv.: haec optavi, haec precatus sum (die Götter), Cic.: zugl. m. Ang. für wen? durch pro m. Abl., pro necessario ac propinquo suo tantum vitam, Curt 5, 3 (11), 14: quantum quisque in nidulo nostro iam sapit, tantum pro te praecatur (so!), Fronto ep. ad Antonin. imp. 1, 1. – c) m. folg. ut od. ne od. ut ne od. (bei vorhergeh. non) quo minus m. Konj., od. m. bl. Coniunctiv, ut fas sit vidisse, tacitus precatur, Sen. ep. 115, 4: pro se quisque precari coepere, ne festinatione periculum augeret, Curt. 3, 5 (13), 14: si id non probares, quo minus ambo unā necaremini non precarere? Cic. de fin. 2, 79 Madv. u. Holst. (Müller deprecarere). – hoc quoque, dux operis, moneas, precor, Ov. fast. 4, 247; u. so Ov. ex Pont. 2, 2, 68. – m. Acc. der Pers., te, Capitoline, teque, Iuno, precor atque quaeso, vosque, patrii penates familiaresque, obtestor, ut etc., Cic. de domo 114: deosque precetur et oret, ut etc., Hor. de art. poët. 200: te, Iuppiter optime maxime, te, Quirine, precor venerorque, ut... ne sinatis, Tac. hist. 4, 58 extr. – m. ab u. Abl. der Pers., precor ab iis (dis), ut etc., Cic. Rab. perd. 5: m. vorhergeh. allg. Acc. der Sache, um welche? dixit (se) hoc a dis immortalibus semper precatum, ut etc., Nep. Timol. 5, 3: quae precatus a dis immortalibus sum,... ut etc., Cic. Mur. 1. – m. vorhergeh. Acc. der Person u. Acc. dessen, was man bittet, quod deos precati eritis, Liv. 40, 46, 9; od. m. Acc. der Worte, die man betet, Iane pater, te hāc strue commovendā bonas preces precor, uti sies volens propitius mihi liberisque meis, Cato r. r. 134, 2; u. so 139 extr. – d) m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., sibi et vicinis serere se, Plin. 18, 131: numquam placidas esse aquas, Ov. epist. 18 (19), 82; u. so Suet. Galb. 14, 3. Gell. 13, 22, 19. – m. folg. Nom. u. Infin., et tua esse precor, Ov. her. 5, 158. – e) absol. (d.i. ohne Acc. od ut usw.): gnatique patrisque, alma, precor, miserere, Verg. Aen. 6, 117: parce, precor, precor! Hor. carm. 4, 1, 2: parce, precor, fasso, Ov. her. 15 (16), 11; u. so Ov. am. 3, 9, 67. – eum sororem dedisse Prusiae precanti atque oranti, Liv. 42, 12, 4. – m. Ang. des Ortes, bei wem? durch ad m. Akk., parietes postesque nudatos, ad quos adorent, ad quos precentur ac supplicent, Liv. 38, 43, 6. – m. Ang. für wen? durch pro m. Abl., pro nobis mitte precari, Ov. met. 3, 614. – m. Ang. für was? durch pro m. Abl., pro salute alcis precari, Curt. 8, 6 (23), 26. – v. Lebl., verba precantia, Ov. met. 2, 482 u.a.: dextra precans, Verg. Aen. 12, 930: ramus precantis olivae, Stat. Theb. 2, 478. – II) Gutes oder Böses wünschen, anwünschen, bene precari, Segenswünsche sprechen, Liv.: male precari, Böses wünschen, Cic.: bene alci, Glück wünschen, Val. Max. u. Quint.: alci incolumitatem, reditum, Cic.: alci immortalitatem, Curt.: alci mala, Cic.: mala multa Atridis, Hor.: sollemnia incipientis anni kalendis Ianuariis epistulā precari, in einem Briefe feierliche Wünsche für das neue Jahr aussprechen, Tac. – prägn., pr. alci, jmd. verfluchen, verwünschen, Plaut., Cic. u. Plin. pan. – / precatus passiv, genitore precato, Iuvenc. 3, 85. – Partiz. precantia dreisilb., Verg. Aen. 7, 237. – Aktive Nbf. preco, Prisc. 8, 29, wovon Imperat. precato, Ven. Fort. carm. 9, 11, 8: Infin. precare, Greg. Tur. hist. Franc. 9, 8 in.: Partiz. Perf. Pass. precatus, Iuvenc. 3, 85 (genitore precato); aber Plaut. cist. fr. v. 17 (Hermes 1, 299) liest Studemund (Emendatt. Plautin. p. 9) per precem.

lateinisch-deutsches > precor
23 propitio

propitio, āvī, ātum, āre (propitius), besänftigen, versöhnen, sich geneigt machen, Venerem, Plaut.: manes, Suet.: Iunonem, Tac.: genium suum, s. geniusa. E. – / Die Silbe pro lang gemessen bei Prud. perist. 3, 215.

lateinisch-deutsches > propitio
24 tendo

tendo, ĕre, tĕtendi, tentum (tensum)    - [gr]gr. τείνω.    - arch. tennitur, Ter. Phorm. 330. - tr. - [st1]1 [-] tendre, étendre, déployer.    - plagas tendere, Cic. Off. 3, 68: tendre des filets.    - arcum tedere, Virg. En. 7, 164: bander un arc.    - poét. sagittas arcu tendere, Hor. O. 1, 29, 9: tendre des flèches sur un arc.    - praetorium tendere, Caes. BC. 3, 82: dresser la tente du général.    - manus ad caelum tendere, Caes. BC. 2, 5: tendre les mains vers le ciel.    - manus ad aliquem ou alicui tendere, Caes. B G. 2, 13, 2; 7, 48, 3: tendre les mains à qqn (en suppliant).    - ad legatos supplices manus tendunt, Caes. BC. 2, 12: ils tendent vers les légats leurs mains suppliantes.    - quā se ponti plaga tendit, Lucr.: où s'étend la mer. [st1]2 [-] tendre (sens priapéen).    - tentus, Mart. 11, 73, 3: tendu.    - grandia te medii tenta viri, Catul. 80, 6: la grosse chose tendue du bas-ventre de l'homme. [st1]3 [-] au fig. tendre.    - insidiae tenduntur alicui, Cic. Com. 46: on tend des pièges à qqn.    - cunctis civibus lucem ingenii et consilii sui porrigens atque tendens, Cic. de Or. 1. 184: présentant, tendant (comme avec la main) à tous les citoyens les lumières de son génie et de sa prudence.    - ultra legem tendere opus, Hor. S. 2, 1, 2: faire une oeuvre tendue au-delà des règles.    - aestivam sermone benigno noctem tendere, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 11: passer toute une nuit d'été à d'aimables propos.    - cursum tendere, Lucr. 5: diriger sa course.    - iter tendere, Virg. En. 1, 656: diriger sa course.    - qui et unde et quo tenderent cursum, Liv. 23, 34, 5: (demandant) leur qualité, le point de départ et le but de leur course. - intr. - [st1]1 [-] tendre, se diriger.    - Venusiam tendere, Cic. Att. 16, 5, 3: aller à Venouse.    - cf. Hor. S. 1, 5, 71.    - ad castra tendere, Liv. 9, 37, 10: se porter vers le camp.    - in castra tendere, Liv. 10, 36, 7: se porter vers le camp.    - quo tendis? Hor. S. 1, 9, 63: où vas-tu?    - levibus in sublime tendentibus, Plin. 2, 11: les corps légers tendant à s'élever.    - via, qui Ditis magni sub moenia tendit, Virg. En. 6, 540: route qui mène au pied des murailles du puissant Pluton.    - tendere ad dominum iter, Ov. M. 2, 547: se diriger vers son maître.    - tendimus huc (= in Orcum) omnes, Ov. M. 10, 34: nous aboutissons tous ici. [st1]2 [-] tendre vers, viser à; incliner vers; chercher à, s'efforcer de.    - ad aliquid tendere, Cic. Div. 2, 4: se porter vers qqch.    - ad altiora tendere, Liv. 4, 13, 4: viser plus haut.    - cum alii alio tenderent, Liv. 24, 28: les esprits étant partagés.    - ad Carthaginienses tendere, Liv. 24, 5, 8: pencher pour l'alliance carthaginoise.    - tendere + inf.: chercher à, essayer de.    - captae civitati leges imponere tendent, Liv. 6, 38: on cherche à imposer ses lois à la cité qui a été prise.    - manibus tendit divellere nodos, Virg. En. 2, 220: de ses mains il essaie de desserrer les noeuds.    - cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 31; 1, 19, 16; Liv. 24, 35, etc. [st1]3 [-] faire des efforts, déployer de l'énergie, tendre ses ressorts.    - Sall. C. 60, 5 ; Virg. En. 5, 21; Liv. 32, 32, 7 ; 34, 34, 1.    - tendere ut...: faire effort pour obtenir que.    - consulum comitia ut habeantur tendunt, Liv. 4, 7: ils cherchent à obtenir que l'on tienne les comices consulaires. [st1]4 [-] dresser une tente ou des tentes, camper.    - tendere (s.-ent. tentoria): camper, être en garnison.    - sub vallo tendere, Caes. BG. 6, 37, 2: camper au pied du retranchement.    - in praetorio tetenderunt, Liv. 28, 27, 15: sur l'emplacement réservé au général ils ont dressé leur tente.    - tendere Lugduni, Tac.: tenir garnison à Lyon.    - cf. Curt. 3, 8, 18; 5, 7, 6, etc. ; Virg. En. 2, 29; 8, 605.
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tendo, ĕre, tĕtendi, tentum (tensum)    - [gr]gr. τείνω.    - arch. tennitur, Ter. Phorm. 330. - tr. - [st1]1 [-] tendre, étendre, déployer.    - plagas tendere, Cic. Off. 3, 68: tendre des filets.    - arcum tedere, Virg. En. 7, 164: bander un arc.    - poét. sagittas arcu tendere, Hor. O. 1, 29, 9: tendre des flèches sur un arc.    - praetorium tendere, Caes. BC. 3, 82: dresser la tente du général.    - manus ad caelum tendere, Caes. BC. 2, 5: tendre les mains vers le ciel.    - manus ad aliquem ou alicui tendere, Caes. B G. 2, 13, 2; 7, 48, 3: tendre les mains à qqn (en suppliant).    - ad legatos supplices manus tendunt, Caes. BC. 2, 12: ils tendent vers les légats leurs mains suppliantes.    - quā se ponti plaga tendit, Lucr.: où s'étend la mer. [st1]2 [-] tendre (sens priapéen).    - tentus, Mart. 11, 73, 3: tendu.    - grandia te medii tenta viri, Catul. 80, 6: la grosse chose tendue du bas-ventre de l'homme. [st1]3 [-] au fig. tendre.    - insidiae tenduntur alicui, Cic. Com. 46: on tend des pièges à qqn.    - cunctis civibus lucem ingenii et consilii sui porrigens atque tendens, Cic. de Or. 1. 184: présentant, tendant (comme avec la main) à tous les citoyens les lumières de son génie et de sa prudence.    - ultra legem tendere opus, Hor. S. 2, 1, 2: faire une oeuvre tendue au-delà des règles.    - aestivam sermone benigno noctem tendere, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 11: passer toute une nuit d'été à d'aimables propos.    - cursum tendere, Lucr. 5: diriger sa course.    - iter tendere, Virg. En. 1, 656: diriger sa course.    - qui et unde et quo tenderent cursum, Liv. 23, 34, 5: (demandant) leur qualité, le point de départ et le but de leur course. - intr. - [st1]1 [-] tendre, se diriger.    - Venusiam tendere, Cic. Att. 16, 5, 3: aller à Venouse.    - cf. Hor. S. 1, 5, 71.    - ad castra tendere, Liv. 9, 37, 10: se porter vers le camp.    - in castra tendere, Liv. 10, 36, 7: se porter vers le camp.    - quo tendis? Hor. S. 1, 9, 63: où vas-tu?    - levibus in sublime tendentibus, Plin. 2, 11: les corps légers tendant à s'élever.    - via, qui Ditis magni sub moenia tendit, Virg. En. 6, 540: route qui mène au pied des murailles du puissant Pluton.    - tendere ad dominum iter, Ov. M. 2, 547: se diriger vers son maître.    - tendimus huc (= in Orcum) omnes, Ov. M. 10, 34: nous aboutissons tous ici. [st1]2 [-] tendre vers, viser à; incliner vers; chercher à, s'efforcer de.    - ad aliquid tendere, Cic. Div. 2, 4: se porter vers qqch.    - ad altiora tendere, Liv. 4, 13, 4: viser plus haut.    - cum alii alio tenderent, Liv. 24, 28: les esprits étant partagés.    - ad Carthaginienses tendere, Liv. 24, 5, 8: pencher pour l'alliance carthaginoise.    - tendere + inf.: chercher à, essayer de.    - captae civitati leges imponere tendent, Liv. 6, 38: on cherche à imposer ses lois à la cité qui a été prise.    - manibus tendit divellere nodos, Virg. En. 2, 220: de ses mains il essaie de desserrer les noeuds.    - cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 31; 1, 19, 16; Liv. 24, 35, etc. [st1]3 [-] faire des efforts, déployer de l'énergie, tendre ses ressorts.    - Sall. C. 60, 5 ; Virg. En. 5, 21; Liv. 32, 32, 7 ; 34, 34, 1.    - tendere ut...: faire effort pour obtenir que.    - consulum comitia ut habeantur tendunt, Liv. 4, 7: ils cherchent à obtenir que l'on tienne les comices consulaires. [st1]4 [-] dresser une tente ou des tentes, camper.    - tendere (s.-ent. tentoria): camper, être en garnison.    - sub vallo tendere, Caes. BG. 6, 37, 2: camper au pied du retranchement.    - in praetorio tetenderunt, Liv. 28, 27, 15: sur l'emplacement réservé au général ils ont dressé leur tente.    - tendere Lugduni, Tac.: tenir garnison à Lyon.    - cf. Curt. 3, 8, 18; 5, 7, 6, etc. ; Virg. En. 2, 29; 8, 605.
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    Tendo, tendis, tetendi, tensum et tentum, tendere. Virgil. Tendre.

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    Grauitas tendebat vterum mihi. Ouid. Le pesant enfant que je portoye m'estendoit et enfloit le ventre.

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    Insidias tendere alicui. Sallust. Espier et guetter aucun, Tendre à aucun pour le decevoir.

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    Plagas tendere. Cic. Tendre les filets.

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    Manibus tendit diuellere nodos. Virg. Tasche et met peine.

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    Tendere ad altiora. Liu. Tascher à monter plus hault, Pretendre à plus grand chose.

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    Tendere aduersus. Liu. Soustenir le contraire de quelque chose, Repugner.

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    Tendere aduersus authoritatem Senatus, nefas est. Liuius. Aller à l'encontre de l'authorité du Senat.

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    Tendunt in diuersum sententiae. Liu. Sont contraires.

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    Vlterius ne tende odiis. Virgil. Fay que ta haine ne passe point plus oultre.

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    Tendebant summa ope, vt Consules crearentur. Liuius. Ils taschoyent tant qu'ils povoyent que, etc.

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    Tendere. Cic. Aller, Tirer droict en aucun lieu.

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    Postquam tendere ad se Romanas naues vidit. Liuius. Aller vers soy.

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    Cursu tendit ad limina. Virgil. Court droict à, etc.

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    Ad reliqua acri tendebamus animo. Cic. Nous poursuyvions au reste.

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    Tendit ad stomachum, vel in ventrem. Plin. S'estend jusques à l'estomach.

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    Deus animum per totum tetendit. Cic. Dieu a estendu l'ame par tout le corps.

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    Ne tot fortissimos viros interclusos opprimeret hostis, tendunt in quencunque casum. Liu. Ils se mettent à toute adventure.

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    Tendit palmes sursum. Columel. Tend en mont.

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    Tendere cursum aliquo. Liu. Courir droict en quelque lieu.

\

    Iter tendebat ad naues. Virgil. Il alloit.

\

    Tendere iter pennis. Virgil. Voler.

\

    Paruum patri tendebat Iulum. Virgil. Luy tendoit.

\

    Tendere alicui metum aut spem. Cic. Monstrer.

\

    Eo tendit, id agit, ad eum exitum properat vir optimus, vt sit illi Octauius propitius. Cic. Il pretend à cela.

\

    In diuersum disciplinae tendunt. Quintil. Sont contraires, ou Tendent à diverses fins.

\

    Tendere. Valer. Max. Asseoir, ou tendre ses tentes et pavillons.

Dictionarium latinogallicum > tendo
25 ambo

1. ambō, ae, ō (ἄμφω), beide (zusammen od. zu gleicher Zeit handelnd, während uterque = »beide« in Zeit und Ort vereinzelt), oculi vel ambo vel singuli, Cels.: frequentius singulis, ambobus interdum propitius Caesarem precabantur, Plin. ep.: alter ambove consules, Cic. (s. alter no. I, B, 1): aut ambo imperatores Romani... aut alter ex iis, Liv.: verum utrique mos geratur amborum ex sententia, Plaut.: qui utramvis recte norit, ambas noverit, Ter.: hic qui utrumque probat, ambobus debuit uti, Cic.: duae res vehementissime in praetura desideratae sunt, quae ambae in consulatu multum Murenae profuerunt: una... altera... Horum utrumque ei fortuna ad consulatus petitionem reservavit, Cic. Muren. 37. – subst., ambae, ārum, f. (sc. manus), beide Hände, rex ambas ultra fossam protendere coepit, Enn. ann. 555. – ⇒ ambo als alter Dual gew. im Akk. ambo, seltener (bei Cic. nie) ambos, s. Neue-Wagener Formenl.³ Bd. 2. S. 279 u. 280 u. Georges, Lexik. der lat. Wortf. S. 40.

————————

2. ambo, ōnis, m. = umbo, Varr. LL. 5, 115. Cassiod. hist. 10, 4. Vgl. Gloss. V, 491, 15.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > ambo
26 aspiro

a-spīro (ad-spīro), āvī, ātum, āre, I) intr.: A) hinhauchen, hinwehen, zuhauchen, zuwehen, 1) eig.: a) übh.: lenius aspirans aura secunda, Catull.: si minima aspiret aura, Plin.: ad quae (granaria) nulla aura umida ex propinquis locis aspiret, Varr.: ut frigus ad eum non aspiret, Cels.: pulmones se contrahunt aspirantes, wenn sie die Luft aushauchen, Cic.: aspirant aurae in noctem, ein günstiger Wind erhebt sich gegen Abend, Verg.: v. musikalischen Instrumenten, tibia tenuis simplexque foramine pauco aspirare et adesse choris utilis erat, den Ton anzugeben u. die Chöre zu begleiten, Hor. de art. poët. 202 sq. – b) als gramm. t. t., zu etw. den H-Laut setzen, etw. aspirieren, consonantibus, Quint.: Graeci aspirare solent (s. litterae), Quint.: absol., asp. perperam, Gell. 13, 6, 3. – 2) übtr., günstig od. förderlich od. behilflich sein, beistehen, unterstützen, paululum in rebus difficillimis, Cornif. rhet.: aspiravit nemo eorum, qui etc., es rührte sich keiner (rührte keiner einen Finger) von denen, die usw., Cic.: licet felicitas aspirare videatur, tamen etc., Curt.: aspirante fortunā, Sen. u. Curt.: aspirante caelesti cupidine, Apul. – m. Dat., vos, Calliope, aspirate canenti, Verg.: Iuppiter ducum nostrorum consiliis aspiravit, Val. Max.: verbis filiae aspiravit, Val. Max.: aspirat primo fortuna labori, Verg.: sane blandum animum

————

casus facit, ubi pravo consilio propitius aspirat, Val. Max. – B) prägn., einer Person od. Sache sich (wenn auch nur von fern) nähern, zu ihr zu gelangen suchen, 1) eig.: vasa ec (ex) fenestreis in caput deiciam (sc. eorum), qui prope ad ostium aspiraverint, Lucil. fr.: quid enim quisquam ad meam pecuniam me invito aspirat? quid accedit? d.i. warum will jmd. wider meinen Willen sich zu meinem Geldgeschäft drängen (sich hineinzumischen suchen)? Cic.: Februario mense aspirabit in curiam, Cic.: ne vipera possit aspirare, Col.: nec equis aspirat Achillis, Verg. – 2) übtr., sich wohin, zu jmd. oder etw. versteigen (bei Cic. nur in negativen Sätzen, s. Jordan Cic. Caecin. 39), haec etiam in eculeum coniciuntur, quo vita non aspirat beata, Cic.: quo neque Carthaginiensium gloriosissimae classes umquam aspirare potuerunt, Cic.: cum tu ad eum (Ciceronem) nunquam aspirasti, Cic.: ex bellica laude ad Africanum aspirare nemo potest, dem A. auch nur von weitem nahe kommen kann, sich auch nur entfernt neben A. stellen kann, Cic.: quod ad spem consulatus in partem revocandam aspirare non auderet, Liv.: sed haec ad eam laudem, quam volumus, aspirare non possunt, Cic.: ad horum autem sinceritatem veritatemque verborum an aspiraverit Caecilius, consideremus, Gell.: ex alieno certamine ad eos quoque ipsos contagium certationis aspirat, Gell. – II) tr.: A) zuhauchen, zuwe-

————

hen, 1) eig.: Iuno ventos aspirat eunti, haucht ihr Winde zu = befördert ihren Flug durch einen günstigen Wind, Verg. Aen. 5, 607: im Bilde, aspiravit auram quandam salutis fortuna, Amm. 19, 6, 1. – 2) übtr., einhauchen, einflößen, eingeben, divinum amorem dictis, Verg.: ut, quantum nobis exspectationis adiecit, tantum ingenii aspiret, Quint.: illis (daemonibus) aspirantibus et infundentibus praestigias faciunt, Min. Fel. – B) anhauchen, anwehen, übtr., v. Meere, anspülen, insula aspiratur freto Gallico, Solin. 22, 10.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > aspiro
27 depropitius

dē-propitius, a, um, ungünstig gestimmt, di, Tert. ad nat. 2, 17.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > depropitius
28 iratus

īrātus, a, um (ira), erzürnt, zornig (Ggstz. placatus u. propitius), Cic. u.a.: bos, Petron.: deo irato meo, Ter.: dis meis iratissumis, Plaut. Poen. 452: iratis dis propitiisque, Sen.: iratos deos invocare, den Zorn der G. auf sich herabrufen, Liv.: alci iratos deos precari, gegen jmd. den Zorn der G. anrufen, Liv. – iratus alci, auf jmd., Cic. u.a.: sum tibi iratus, Ter.: iratior, iratissimus alci, Cic. – num quid iratus es mihi propter has res? Plaut.: ob eam rem iratus gnatus est, Ter.: consules ob ea irati senatui, Liv.: quam iratus (homo) de iudicio et de vilico! Cic. – übtr., mare, stürmisch, Hor.: u. so fluctus, Petron. u. Plin. pan.: venter, hungrig, Hor.: sitis, ventus, Prop.: manus, Prop.: preces, vom Zorn eingegebene = Flüche, Verwünschungen, Hor.: impetus, Sen. poët.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > iratus
29 oro

ōro, āvī, ātum, āre (ōs, oris), sich durch den Mund vernehmen lassen, reden, I) im allg., reden, sprechen, a) übh.: α) absol.: talibus orabat dictis, Verg.: iuveni oranti subitus tremor occupat artus, Verg.: orantis medias deseruere preces, Ov. – β) m. Acc. der Sache: bonum aequomque oras, Plaut.: ius (= aequom) hic orat (mit scherzh. Anspielung auf das Rechtsprechen des Prätors), Plaut.: u. so ius bonum oras, Plaut. – b) als Redner, öffentlich (vor Gericht) sprechen, reden, orandi nescius, kein Redner, Tac.: orandi validus, ein tüchtiger Redner, Tac.: ars orandi, die Redekunst, Quint.: orandi scientia, Quint.: genus orandi, Tac.: orandi genus lene iucundumque, Aur. Vict.: scio nunc tibi esse praecipuum studium orandi, ich weiß, daß gegenwärtig die gerichtliche Beredsamkeit dein vorzügliches Studium ist, Quint.: vestra in nos promerita complecti orando, Cic.: Latine Graeceque vel in orando vel in fingendis poëmatibus promptus et facilis ad extemporalitatem usque, Suet. – m. pro u. Abl., causam dixit et ipse pro se oravit, hielt selbst für sich die Verteidigungsrede, Liv. 39, 40, 12. – Partiz. subst., orantes, die Redenden, die Redner, Tac. dial. 6. § 6. – c) etw. öffentl. besprechen, etw. vortragen, über etw. verhandeln, rem ubi pacunt (pagunt), orato, wo ein Vertrag geschlossen wird, da soll er verhandelt werden, XII tabb. fr.:

————

causam, Cic., Liv. u. Tac.: capitis causam, Cic.: causas melius, Verg.: litem, Cic.

II) bittend ansprechen, anrufen, ersuchen, bitten, a) im allg.: α) m. Acc. der Pers., die man bittet: virginem, Liv. Andr.: longis Hecaten ululatibus, Ov.: principem agnitum oraverat, er hatte den Kaiser erkannt u. bei ihm Abbitte getan, Tac. – oft (parenthet.) oro te, ich bitte dich, dic, oro te, clarius, Cic.: ne illa quidem, oro vos, movent? Liv.: quid, oro te, habent liberale isti ieiuni vomitores? Sen. – β) m. Acc. des Ggstds., um den man bittet, um etwas ansprechen, anhalten, anrufen, ersuchen, bitten, etw. erbitten, eius mortem, Ter.: vitam, Verg.: vitam suppliciter, Liv.: auxilium ad bellum, Liv.: finem malorum, Ov.: veniam, Ov.: hanc extremam veniam (Gnade, Gunst), Verg.: im Passiv m. dopp. Nom., socer non orandus erat, vi sed faciendus Erechtheus, ich mußte mir E. zum Schw. nicht erbitten, sondern ihn mit Gewalt dazu machen, Ov. met. 6, 701. – m. Ang. wem? für wen? wozu? durch Dat., gnato filiam, Ter.: opes rebus affectis, Liv.: opem valetudini, Suet.: veniam dapibus nullisque paratibus, Ov.: tempus sermoni, Tac. – γ) m. Acc. der Pers.u. Acc. der Sache: scin quid te orem? Ter.: quod ego te per dextram hanc oro, Ter.: hoc consulem, Liv.: multa deos, Verg.: auxilia regem, Liv.: alqm libertatem, Suet. – δ) m. ut od. ne u. Konj. od. m. bl. Coniunctiv, teils ohne

————

Acc. der Pers., m. ut u. Konj., gnatam ut det oro, vixque id exoro, Ter.: peto a te vel, si pateris, oro, ut homines miseros conserves incolumes, Cic.: morte me ut vindices ab Romanorum arbitrio, oro obtestorque, Liv.: orat atque obsecrat, ut sibi parcat, Caes.: orat multis et supplicibus verbis, ut liceat et ut sibi rescribam, Cic.: Curianus orabat, ut sibi donarem portionem meam, Plin. ep. – m. ne u. Konj., rogare et orare, ne illos supplices aspernarer, quos etc., Cic.: ecce amici orantes obsecrantesque, ne reliqua recitaret, Plin. ep. – m. bl. Coniunctiv, velatis manibus orant, ignoscamus peccatum suum, Plaut.: quod superest, oro, liceat dare tuta per undas vela tibi, Verg.: faveas, oramus, Ov.: tum mater orari, hortari, iubere, quoquo modo fugerem, Plin. ep.: orant, suppliciis suis potius saturaret se quam contumeliis, Iustin.: oro quaesoque, non obirascaris mihi, Claud. Mam. – teils m. Acc. der Pers., m. ut u. Konj., oro te, mihi ut ignoscas, Plaut.: rogat oratque te, ut sibi per te liceat vitam in egestate degere, Cic.: te oro et obsecro, ut mihi per hos conserves eum, Cic.: reliquum est, ut te orem, ut valetudini tuae diligentissime servias, Cic.: Arria milites orabat, ut simul imponeretur (eingeschifft werde), Plin. ep.: deos semper oravi, ut, quod evenit, periret Tiberius, Suet.: Minervam genibus (auf den Kn.) nixus obsecro atque oro, ut etc., Fronto: m. ne u. Konj., rogat eos atque orat, ne oppugnent filium suum, Cic.: Timoleon

————

omnes oravit, ne id facerent, Nep.: omnes vos oratos volo (ich will euch alle gebeten haben), ne plus iniquom possit quam aequom oratio, Ter. – teils m. vorhergeh. allg. Acc., m. folg. ut od. ne u. Konj., idque postremum parentes suos liberi orabant, ut levandi sui cruciatus causā lictori pecunia daretur, Cic.: illud te ad extremum et oro et hortor, ut in extrema parte muneris ac negotii tui diligentissimus sis, Cic.: quod te, Aesculapi, et te, Salus, ne quid sit huius oro, Ter. Hec. 338. – teils m. ab u. Abl. der Pers., m. folg. ut od. ne (ni) u. Konj., mit u. ohne vorhergeh. allg. Acc., hoc me a vobis orare Iuppiter iussit, ut conquaestores singula in subsellia eant, Plaut. Amph. prol. 65: primum hoc abs te oro, ni me inexorabilem faxis, Pacuv. tr. 122: petivit oravitque a suis amicissimis impense, ut Aeneida adolerent, Gell. 17, 10, 7: oratus ab Artario medico, ne in castris remaneret, Vell. 2, 70, 1. – teils m. cum u. Abl. der Pers.u. m. Acc. der Sache, tu vero face quod tecum precibus pater orat, Enn. ann. 20: m. folg. ut u. Konj., egi atque oravi tecum, uxorem ut duceres, Ter.: tecum oro et quaeso, ut ei detur, Plaut.: m. vorhergeh. allg. Acc., hoc tecum oro, ut illius animum atque ingenium regas, Plaut. – ε) m. folg. Infin., teils ohne Acc. der Pers., die man bittet, oratus sum huc venire, Plaut.: iam pridem a me illos abducere orat, Verg.: oratque mori, Sen. tr. – teils m. Acc. der Pers., principem orabat

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deligere senatores, ex quibus etc., Tac. ann. 6, 2: Vibidiam oravit pontificis maximi aures adire, Tac. ann. 11, 32; u. so Tac. ann. 12, 9 u. 13, 13. – ζ) m. folg. Acc. u. Infin. Praes. Pass., vel Aegypti praeturam concedi sibi oraret, Suet. Ner. 47, 2: quis (occultis precibus) permitti Meherdaten patrium ad fastigium orabant, Tac. ann. 11, 10 extr. – η) m. pro u. Abl., nec pro civibus se orare, sed pro innoxio patriae solo et pro urbe, Iustin. 11, 4, 4: ut Octavius orandus sit pro salute cuiusquam civis, Cic. ep. ad Brut. 1, 16, 2: m. folg. ut u. Konj., ut (deum) pro illa ores, ut sit propitius, Plaut asin. 783. – θ) m. Dat. für wen? venit oratum filio, Plaut. trin. 611. – ι) beim Imperativ, per deos oro, este mei memores, Ov. met. 13, 376 sqq.: remove istaec, oro te, Suet. Caes. 49, 3: absiste inceptis, oro, Sil. 11, 336 (vgl. 11, 350). – κ) ganz absol.: oro, obsecro, ignosce, Cic.: oremus, accusemus, gravius denique minitemur, Ter.: per genua (fußfällig) orare conans, Suet.: orandi iam finem face, Ter.: sororem dare Prusiae precanti atque oranti, Liv.: oranti surdas praebere aures, Ov. – b) beten, talibus orabat dictis, Verg. Aen. 6, 124: mulierem decalvatam orare non decet, Ambros. in Luc. 6. § 19: idem (Christus) secessurus orandi gratiā, ut solebat, in montem, Lact. 4, 15, 20: Passiv unpers., oratur, es wird gebetet, Sidon. epist. 5, 14, 3. – ⇒ Synk. Perf. orasti, Plaut. mil. 1269: 2. Pers. Coni. Perf. orasseis (= oraveris),

————

Plaut. Epid. 728 G.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > oro
30 precor

precor (praecor), ātus sum, ārī (prex), bitten, beten, jmd. bittend, betend anreden, anrufen, etw. betend sagen u. dgl., I) im allg.: a) m. Acc. der Pers., die man bittet, zu der man betet, deos, Cic. (u. so deos, quibus honestissime supplicamus, tacite malumus et intra nosmet ipsos precari, Sen.): Iovem Optimum Maximum, Cic.: numina sancta Palladis armisonae, Verg.: venire memorant ad precandum Romanum, Liv.: Nyctelium patrem, bittend anrufen, Ov. – zugleich m. Ang. für wen? durch Dat., fratri vitam precatus est, Sen. rhet.: ut iure sacerdotii precari deos pro te publice possim, quos nunc precor pietate privatā, Plin. ep.: cum sibi se ac liberis suis intellegerent precari, quae pro te precarentur, Plin. pan. – b) m. Acc. der Sache, um die man bittet (betet): opem, Liv.: haec optavi, haec precatus sum (die Götter), Cic.: zugl. m. Ang. für wen? durch pro m. Abl., pro necessario ac propinquo suo tantum vitam, Curt 5, 3 (11), 14: quantum quisque in nidulo nostro iam sapit, tantum pro te praecatur (so!), Fronto ep. ad Antonin. imp. 1, 1. – c) m. folg. ut od. ne od. ut ne od. (bei vorhergeh. non) quo minus m. Konj., od. m. bl. Coniunctiv, ut fas sit vidisse, tacitus precatur, Sen. ep. 115, 4: pro se quisque precari coepere, ne festinatione periculum augeret, Curt. 3, 5 (13), 14: si id non probares, quo minus ambo unā necaremini non preca-

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rere? Cic. de fin. 2, 79 Madv. u. Holst. (Müller deprecarere). – hoc quoque, dux operis, moneas, precor, Ov. fast. 4, 247; u. so Ov. ex Pont. 2, 2, 68. – m. Acc. der Pers., te, Capitoline, teque, Iuno, precor atque quaeso, vosque, patrii penates familiaresque, obtestor, ut etc., Cic. de domo 114: deosque precetur et oret, ut etc., Hor. de art. poët. 200: te, Iuppiter optime maxime, te, Quirine, precor venerorque, ut... ne sinatis, Tac. hist. 4, 58 extr. – m. ab u. Abl. der Pers., precor ab iis (dis), ut etc., Cic. Rab. perd. 5: m. vorhergeh. allg. Acc. der Sache, um welche? dixit (se) hoc a dis immortalibus semper precatum, ut etc., Nep. Timol. 5, 3: quae precatus a dis immortalibus sum,... ut etc., Cic. Mur. 1. – m. vorhergeh. Acc. der Person u. Acc. dessen, was man bittet, quod deos precati eritis, Liv. 40, 46, 9; od. m. Acc. der Worte, die man betet, Iane pater, te hāc strue commovendā bonas preces precor, uti sies volens propitius mihi liberisque meis, Cato r. r. 134, 2; u. so 139 extr. – d) m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., sibi et vicinis serere se, Plin. 18, 131: numquam placidas esse aquas, Ov. epist. 18 (19), 82; u. so Suet. Galb. 14, 3. Gell. 13, 22, 19. – m. folg. Nom. u. Infin., et tua esse precor, Ov. her. 5, 158. – e) absol. (d.i. ohne Acc. od ut usw.): gnatique patrisque, alma, precor, miserere, Verg. Aen. 6, 117: parce, precor, precor! Hor. carm. 4, 1, 2: parce, precor, fasso, Ov. her. 15 (16), 11; u. so Ov. am. 3, 9, 67. –

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eum sororem dedisse Prusiae precanti atque oranti, Liv. 42, 12, 4. – m. Ang. des Ortes, bei wem? durch ad m. Akk., parietes postesque nudatos, ad quos adorent, ad quos precentur ac supplicent, Liv. 38, 43, 6. – m. Ang. für wen? durch pro m. Abl., pro nobis mitte precari, Ov. met. 3, 614. – m. Ang. für was? durch pro m. Abl., pro salute alcis precari, Curt. 8, 6 (23), 26. – v. Lebl., verba precantia, Ov. met. 2, 482 u.a.: dextra precans, Verg. Aen. 12, 930: ramus precantis olivae, Stat. Theb. 2, 478. – II) Gutes oder Böses wünschen, anwünschen, bene precari, Segenswünsche sprechen, Liv.: male precari, Böses wünschen, Cic.: bene alci, Glück wünschen, Val. Max. u. Quint.: alci incolumitatem, reditum, Cic.: alci immortalitatem, Curt.: alci mala, Cic.: mala multa Atridis, Hor.: sollemnia incipientis anni kalendis Ianuariis epistulā precari, in einem Briefe feierliche Wünsche für das neue Jahr aussprechen, Tac. – prägn., pr. alci, jmd. verfluchen, verwünschen, Plaut., Cic. u. Plin. pan. – ⇒ precatus passiv, genitore precato, Iuvenc. 3, 85. – Partiz. precantia dreisilb., Verg. Aen. 7, 237. – Aktive Nbf. preco, Prisc. 8, 29, wovon Imperat. precato, Ven. Fort. carm. 9, 11, 8: Infin. precare, Greg. Tur. hist. Franc. 9, 8 in.: Partiz. Perf. Pass. precatus, Iuvenc. 3, 85 (genitore precato); aber Plaut. cist. fr. v. 17 (Hermes 1, 299) liest Studemund (Emendatt. Plautin. p. 9) per precem.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > precor
31 propitio

propitio, āvī, ātum, āre (propitius), besänftigen, versöhnen, sich geneigt machen, Venerem, Plaut.: manes, Suet.: Iunonem, Tac.: genium suum, s. genius a. E. – ⇒ Die Silbe pro lang gemessen bei Prud. perist. 3, 215.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > propitio
32 propitiō

propitiō —, ātus, āre [propitius], to appease, propitiate: Iovem, Cu.: propitiata Iuno, Ta.
* * *

propitiare, propitiavi, propitiatus V TRANS

propitate, render favorable, win over; sooth (feelings)

Latin-English dictionary > propitiō
33 aequanimitas

aequănĭmĭtas, ātis, f. [aequanimis] (rare for aequus animus).
I.
Before the class. per., favor, good-will (favor et propitius animus, Don. ad Ter. Ad. prol. 24):
bonitas vestra atque aequanimitas,
Ter. Phorm. prol. 34; id. Ad. prol. 24.—
II.
In the post-Aug. per., calmness, patience, equanimity, Plin. 18, 12, 31, § 123: patien [p. 57] tia est malorum cum aequanimitate perlatio, Lact. 5, 22, 3.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aequanimitas
34 benignus

bĕnignus, a, um, adj. [as if benigenus, from bonus genus, anal. with malignus and privignus], of a good kind or nature, beneficent, kind.
I.
Of feeling or deportment towards others, kind, good, friendly, pleasing, favorable, benignant:
nam generi lenonio, Numquam ullus deus tam benignus fuit qui fuerit propitius,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 34:
benignus et lepidus et comis,
Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 39:
boni et benigni,
id. Phorm. 5, 2, 2:
comes, benigni, faciles, suaves homines esse dicuntur,
Cic. Balb. 16, 36:
Apelles in aemulis benignus,
Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 88;
id. praef. § 21: divi,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 52:
numen,
id. ib. 4, 4, 74; cf. Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 34 al.—
B.
Of things, friendly, favorable, pleasant, mild:
animus,
Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 22:
oratio,
Cic. Off. 2, 14, 48:
sociorum comitas vultusque benigni,
Liv. 9, 6, 8; 30, 14, 3; Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 20:
verba,
Prop. 1, 10, 24:
benigniora verba,
Liv. 21, 19, 11.—In the jurists, interpretatio, a mild, favorable interpretation (opp. dura, which follows the strictness of the letter; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31 sq.), Dig. 39, 5, 16:
semper in dubiis benigniora praeferenda sunt,
ib. 50, 17, 56:
benignior sententia,
ib. 37, 6, 8.—
C.
Poet., = faustus, lucky, propitious, favorable:
dies,
Stat. S. 5, 1, 108:
nox,
id. Th. 10, 216.—
II.
More freq. of action, beneficent, obliging, that gives or imparts freely, liberal, bounteous, etc.:
erga te benignus fui, atque opera mea Haec tibi sunt servata,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 33; id. Trin. 3, 3, 12; 2, 4, 58:
fortuna... Nunc mihi, nunc alii benigna,
Hor. C. 3, 29, 52:
qui benigniores volunt esse, quam res patitur, peccant,
Cic. Off. 1, 14, 44:
qui liberalis benignusque dicitur,
id. Leg. 1, 18, 48:
facilius in timore benigni quam in victoriā grati reperiuntur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 15, 8.— Poet., with gen.:
vini somnique benignus,
a hard drinker and a lover of sleep, Hor. S. 2, 3, 3.—Opp. to bonae frugi = prodigus, prodigal, lavish:
est benignus potius quam bonae frugi,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 20.—
B.
Of things (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose; cf. malignus), yielding liberally, abundant, fruitful, fertile, copious, rich: et magnas messes terra benigna daret, Tib [p. 233] 3, 3, 6:
ager,
Ov. Am. 1, 10, 56:
tellus,
Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 1:
vepres,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 8:
cornu,
id. C. 1, 17, 15:
egens benignae Tantalus semper dapis,
id. Epod. 17, 66:
ingenī Benigna vena est,
id. C. 2, 18, 10:
praeda,
Ov. F. 5, 174:
benigna materia gratias agendi Romanis,
Liv. 42, 38, 6: quem (ordinem) persequi longa est magis quam benigna materia, fruitful, or suitable for exhibition, Mel. prooem. § 1;
so Seneca: primus liber.. benigniorem habuit materiem,
Sen. Ira, 2, 1, 1:
ipse materiā risūs benignissima,
id. Const. 18, 1 (cf. also in Gr. aphthonos):
aestivam sermone benigno tendere noctem,
Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 11 (sermone multo et liberali et largo, Lamb.):
benignissimum inventum, i. e. beneficentissimum,
Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 11. —Hence, adv.: bĕnignē (ante-class. collat. form bĕnignĭter).
1.
In a friendly manner, kindly, benevolently, courteously, benignly:
benigne et amice facere,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 109:
me benignius Omnes salutant quam salutabant prius,
id. Aul. 1, 2, 36:
ecquid ego possiem Blande dicere aut benigne facere,
Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 24:
viam monstrare,
courteously, politely, Cic. Balb. 16, 36:
salutare,
id. Phil. 13, 2, 4:
audire,
id. Clu. 3, 8:
polliceri,
id. Fam. 4, 13, 3:
servire alicui,
Cat. 76, 3:
respondere,
Sall. J. 11, 1; Liv. 27, 4, 7:
milites adpellare,
Sall. J. 96, 2:
habere,
id. ib. 113, 2:
alloqui,
Liv. 1, 28, 1:
audire aliquem,
id. 1, 9, 4:
excipere aliquem,
id. 2, 35, 6; 21, 19, 7; Tac. A. 1, 57:
arma capere,
readily, willingly, Liv. 3, 26, 1:
audire,
Suet. Aug. 89.—In the ante-class. form benigniter, Titin. ap. Non. p. 510, 13, and Prisc. p 1010 P.—
b.
Mildly, indulgently (in jurid. Lat.):
in poenalibus causis benignius interpretandum est,
Dig. 50, 17, 155; ib. 44, 7, 1, § 13:
benignissime rescripserunt,
ib. 37, 14, 4.—
c.
Benigne dicis, or absol. benigne, used in colloquial lang. in thanking one for something, both when it is taken and when it is refused (the latter a courtly formula like the Gr. ainô se, zêlô se, kalôs, kallista; cf. recte), you are very kind, I thank you very much, am under great obligation; no, I thank you.
(α).
In receiving: As. Peregre cum advenis, cena detur. Di. Benigne dicis, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 27; Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 62.—
(β).
In declining:
frumentum, inquit, me abs te emere oportet. Optime. Modium denario. Benigne ac liberaliter: nam ego ternis HS non possum vendere, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 196:
dic Ad cenam veniat.. Benigne Respondet. Neget ille mihi? etc.,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 62; id. ib. 1, 7, 16 Schmid.—
2.
Abundantly, liberally, freely, generously:
pecuniam praebere,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 37; id. Aul. 4, 4, 20; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 1; Cic. Off. 2, 15, 52 and 53; Sall. J. 68, 3; Liv. 9, 31, 5; 9, 32. 2:
benignius Deprome quadrimum,
Hor. C. 1, 9, 6:
paulo benignius ipsum Te tractare voles,
id. Ep. 1, 17, 11. —
b.
Benigne facere alicui = bene facere, to do a favor, to show favor, Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 24 Ruhnk.; Cat. 73, 3:
qui plurimis in istā provinciā benigne fecisti,
Cic. Fam. 13, 67, 1; id. Off. 1, 14, 42; id. Inv. 1, 55, 109; Liv. 4, 14, 5; 28, 39, 18; Gell. 17, 5, 10 al.; cf. Rutil. Lup. p. 127 Ruhnk. (175 Frotscher).

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > benignus
35 bonae

bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.
I.
Attributively.
A.
As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.
1.
Vir bonus.
(α).
A man morally good (kalos kagathos):
quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:
omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:
ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,
id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:
sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,
id. Off. 3, 15, 64:
qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,
id. Lael. 5, 19:
non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,
id. Att. 7, 2, 4:
ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:
nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,
id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—
(β).
An honest man:
justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;
3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,
id. ib. 3, 19, 77:
quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,
id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—
(γ).
A man of good standing in the community:
id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,
Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:
tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,
Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;
37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:
vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:
praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,
Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—
(δ).
Ironically of bad men:
sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:
expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,
Cic. Cael. 26, 63:
nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,
id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;
so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:
quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—
(ε).
Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):
bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—
(ζ).
As a conventional courtesy:
homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:
bone accusator,
id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:
sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,
gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—
2.
Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:
in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—
3.
With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:
bonus consul,
Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):
boni tribuni plebis,
Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:
bonus senator,
id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:
senator bonus,
id. Dom. 4, 8:
bonus judex,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:
bonus augur (ironically),
id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:
bonus vates,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:
bonus imperator,
Sall. C. 60, 4:
bonus dux,
Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:
naturam, optimam ducem,
the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):
bonus miles,
Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:
bonus orator,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:
optimus orator,
id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:
poeta bonus,
id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:
scriptor bonus,
Quint. 10, 1, 104:
bonus advocatus,
id. 5, 13, 10:
bonus defensor,
id. 5, 13, 3:
bonus altercator,
a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:
bonus praeceptor,
id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:
bonus gubernator,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:
optimus opifex,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:
sutor bonus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 125:
actor optimus,
Cic. Sest. 57, 122:
cantor optimus est modulator,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:
melior gladiator,
Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:
bonus paterfamilias,
a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:
bonus servus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:
dominus bonus,
Cato, R. R. 14:
bonus custos,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:
filius bonus,
Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:
patres,
Quint. 11, 3, 178:
parens,
id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:
uxor melior,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:
amicus,
id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:
amicus optimus,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:
optimus testis,
Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:
auctor, in two senses,
good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;
and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),
Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:
bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,
id. ib. 2, 23, 83:
eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:
optimus et fortissimus civis,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—
4.
Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.
(α).
In gen.:
sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:
fata... bonique divi,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:
divis orte bonis,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1:
O bone deus!
Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—
(β).
Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:
(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:
Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 36, 87:
in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:
nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—
(γ).
Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:
di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:
di boni, boni quid porto!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:
di boni, quid hoc morbi est,
id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:
alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!
Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—
(δ).
Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—
5.
Optimus as a laudatory epithet.
(α).
Vir optimus:
per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,
Cic. Sest. 1, 2:
virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,
id. ib. 35, 76:
fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,
id. ib.:
consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,
id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—
(β).
Femina bona, optima:
tua conjunx bona femina,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:
hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,
id. ib. —
(γ).
Senex, pater, frater, etc.:
optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,
Cic. Planc. 41, 97:
insuevit pater optimus hoc me,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:
C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—
(δ).
With proper names ( poet.):
optimus Vergilius,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:
Maecenas optimus,
id. ib. 1, 5, 27:
optime Quinti,
id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—
(ε).
Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:
quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?
Plin. Pan. 2, 7:
gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!
Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:
ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:
bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,
Ov. F. 2, 637:
optime Romulae Custos gentis,
Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—
6.
Bonus and Bona, names of deities.
(α).
Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):
Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,
Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.
in mal. part.,
Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—
(β).
Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—
(γ).
Bona Fortuna:
si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:
Bonae Fortunae (signum),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:
FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,
Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —
(δ).
Bona Spes:
Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:
BONAE SPEI,
Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—
(ε).
BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:
Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,
Prop. 3, 24, 19.
B.
With nouns denoting things.
1.
Things concrete, denoting excellence:
navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,
Sen. Ep. 76, 13:
gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,
id. ib. 76, 14:
id vinum erit lene et bono colore,
Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:
tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,
Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:
per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,
id. ib. 73; cf.:
bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,
Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:
praedium bonum caelum habeat,
good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:
bona tempestate,
in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:
(praedium) solo bono valeat,
by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:
bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:
villam bonam,
Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:
bonus pons,
Cat. 17, 5:
scyphi optimi (= optime facti),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:
perbona toreumata,
id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §
38: bona domicilia,
comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:
agrum Meliorem nemo habet,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:
fundum meliorem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:
equus melior,
id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:
bona cena,
Cat. 13, 3:
boni nummi,
good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:
super omnia vultus accessere boni,
good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:
mulier bona forma,
of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:
equus formae melioris,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:
tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,
fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:
fruges bonae,
Cat. 34, 19:
ova suci melioris,
of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:
animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:
bonum omen, 2. e.),
Quint. 6, 3, 69:
scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,
good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,
bona firmaque vox,
Quint. 11, 3, 13.—
2.
Things abstract.
a.
Of physical well-being:
ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,
Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:
non bonus somnus de prandio est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:
bona aetas,
prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:
optima aetate,
id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:
bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—
b.
Of the mind and soul:
meliore esse sensu,
Cic. Sest. 21, 47:
optima indoles,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:
bona conscientia,
Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:
bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,
with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:
mens melior,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:
duos optimae indolis filios,
Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:
bonum consilium,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:
bona voluntas,
a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:
memoria bona,
Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:
bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:
bonae rationes,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:
pronuntiatio bona,
Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—
c.
Of moral relations:
ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;
v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:
fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,
of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:
bona studia,
moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:
quidquid vita meliore parasti,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:
Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,
Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—
d.
Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:
bono usui estis nulli,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:
Optumo optume optumam operam das,
id. Am. 1, 1, 122:
bonam dedistis mihi operam,
a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;
v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:
bonum otium,
valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:
bonis versibus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:
versus meliores,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:
meliora poemata,
Hor. A. P. 303:
in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:
optimas fabulas,
id. Off. 1, 31, 114:
melius munus,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—
e.
Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:
de Procilio rumores non boni,
unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:
bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,
about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:
si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,
id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.
fortuna optima esse,
to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:
occasio tam bona,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:
senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:
bona navigatio,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;
esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:
ego sum spe bona,
Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:
optima spe,
id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;
v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,
more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:
melior interpretatio,
Tac. H. 3, 65:
cum laude et bonis recordationibus,
id. A. 4, 38:
amnis Doctus iter melius,
i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:
omen bonum,
a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.
Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,
Ov. F. 1, 221;
optimum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:
bona scaeva,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:
auspicio optumo,
id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:
memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—
f.
Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:
optima res publica,
id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:
minus bonis temporibus,
id. Dom. 4, 8; so,
optimis temporibus,
id. Sest. 3, 6:
nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:
lex optima,
id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—
g.
Good = large, considerable:
bono atque amplo lucro,
Plaut. Am. prol. 6:
bona librorum copia,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:
bona copia cornu,
Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—
h.
Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:
si bono genere natus sit,
Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—
k.
Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.
(α).
Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:
primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:
bona tua venia dixerim,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:
oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,
Liv. 7, 41, 3:
obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,
id. 6, 40, 10:
cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,
id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.
. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—
(β).
Bona pax, without quarrelling:
bona pax sit potius,
let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;
so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,
without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—
(γ).
Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:
igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,
Sall. J. 5, 5.—
(δ).
Bona societas, alliance:
Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,
Tac. A. 1, 58.
C.
In particular phrases.
1.
Bonae res.
a.
= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:
concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:
optimis rebus usus est,
he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—
b.
= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:
bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:
in bonis rebus,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —
c.
Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:
homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,
who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —
d.
Costly things, articles of luxury:
capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:
nimium rei bonae,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:
ignorantia bonarum rerum,
Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:
re bona copiosum esse,
Gell. 16, 19, 7.—
e.
Moral, morally good:
illi cum res non bonas tractent,
Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:
ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,
id. ib. 1, 4, 15:
quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?
id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:
quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,
id. Sen. 18, 65.—
f.
In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:
res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:
studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,
Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—
2.
Bonae artes.
(α).
A good, laudable way of dealing:
qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,
Sall. C. 2, 9:
huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,
id. ib. 11, 2:
quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,
Tac. A. 6, 46.—
(β).
Liberal arts and sciences:
litteris aut ulli bonae arti,
Quint. 12, 1, 7:
conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:
optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—
3.
Bona fides, or fides bona.
a.
Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:
dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:
si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—
b.
Jurid. t. t.
(α).
Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:
ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;
41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,
ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,
(β).
Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:
actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,
Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:
quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:
iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,
id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—
4.
Bona verba.
(α).
Kind words:
Bona verba quaeso,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—
(β).
Words of good omen (v. omen):
dicamus bona verba,
Tib. 2, 2, 1:
dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,
Ov. F. 2, 638.—
(γ).
Elegant or well-chosen expressions:
quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,
Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:
verborum bonorum cursu,
id. Brut. 66, 233:
omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,
Quint. 10, 1, 9.—
(δ).
Moral sayings:
non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —
5.
Bona dicta.
(α).
Polite, courteous language:
hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—
(β).
Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:
dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:
ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—
6.
Bona facta.
(α).
= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:
nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),
Tac. A. 3, 40.—
(β).
Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):
bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:
haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,
id. ib. 45.— Hence,
(γ).
Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:
peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,
Suet. Caes. 80:
et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,
id. Vit. 14:
hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,
Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:
o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,
Tert. Pud. 1.—
7.
Bona gratia.
(α).
A friendly understanding:
cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,
per gratiam bonam abire,
to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—
(β).
Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—
8.
Bona pars.
(α).
The well-disposed part of a body of persons:
ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,
Liv. 21, 4, 1:
pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,
id. 7, 21, 6.—
(β).
The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):
civem bonarum partium,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77:
(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,
id. Cael. 6, 13:
qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,
Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—
(γ).
Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):
bonam partem ad te adtulit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:
bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,
Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:
bonam magnamque partem exercitus,
Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:
bona pars noctium,
Quint. 12, 11, 19:
bona pars hominum,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:
meae vocis... bona pars,
id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:
melior pars diei,
Verg. A. 9, 156.—
(δ).
Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:
nostri melior pars animus est,
Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:
quae pars optima est in homine,
best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:
major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:
Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,
Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—
(ε).
Adverb.:
bonam partem = ex magna parte,
Lucr. 6, 1249.—
(ζ).
Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:
Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,
id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:
quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,
id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—
9.
Dies bonus or bona.
(α).
A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):
tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:
nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,
Ov. F. 1, 72.—
(β).
A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—
10.
Bonus mos.
(α).
Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:
nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:
nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:
domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,
Sall. C. 9, 1:
propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,
Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:
cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,
Liv. 34, 6, 9:
mores meliores,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—
(β).
Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:
ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:
neglegentia boni moris,
Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:
conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,
in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —
11.
Adverbial phrases.
a.
Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.
(α).
To be of good cheer or courage:
bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,
Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:
animo bono es,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:
bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,
Varr. R. R. 1, 26:
bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:
bono animo esse jubere eam consul,
Liv. 39, 13, 7:
habe modo bonum animum,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:
habe animum bonum,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:
bonum animum habe,
Liv. 45, 8, 5:
clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,
id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—
(β).
Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:
audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:
bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:
quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—
(γ).
Bonus animus, good temper, patience:
bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:
vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,
Ov. M. 9, 433.—
b.
Bono modo.
(α).
= placide, with composure, moderation:
si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,
Cato, R. R. 5:
haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—
(β).
In a decent manner:
neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —
c.
Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:
te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:
ut jure optimo me deserere posses,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:
ne jure optimo irrideamur,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;
similarly, optimo judicio,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.
II.
As subst.
A.
bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.
1.
In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.
(α).
Plur.:
bonis quod bene fit haud perit,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:
melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,
Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:
verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,
id. Lael. 14, 50:
diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,
Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:
oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:
tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,
Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:
quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—
(β).
Sing.:
malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:
nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:
qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—
2.
Bonus, a man of honor.
(α).
A brave man:
pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:
libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,
Sall. C. 33, 5:
fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):
fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,
Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —
(β).
A gentleman:
quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?
Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—
3.
Boni, the better (i. e. higher) classes of society.
(α).
In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;
so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,
Cic. Sest. 16, 38:
audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,
id. ib. 47, 100:
ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,
id. Pis. 2, 4:
etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:
maledictis increpat omnes bonos,
Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,
optimi,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:
bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,
id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—
(β).
Without reference to political views;
opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:
semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,
Sall. C. 37, 3:
elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,
Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:
ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:
da locum melioribus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—
4.
Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—
5.
Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.
(α).
Referring to morality:
esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,
every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:
qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,
id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:
quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?
Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—
(β).
Of the educated classes:
adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:
Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,
Sall. C. 34, 2:
optimo cuique infesta libertas,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—
(γ).
Honorable, brave:
optumus quisque cadere et sauciari, ceteris metus augeri,
Sall. J. 92, 8.—
(δ).
In gen., excellent:
optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,
Sall. C. 8, 5.—
(ε).
Distributively:
ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,
to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—
(ζ).
Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):
hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—
(η).
Attributively, with a noun:
optimam quamque causam,
Cic. Sest. 43, 93:
optima quaeque dies,
Verg. G. 3, 66.
2.
bŏnum, i, n., plur. bona; mĕlĭus, ōris, n.; optĭmum, i, n. (v. infra); of things in gen.
1.
Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;
nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:
quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,
id. Par. 1, 1, 9:
ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:
non-est igitur voluptas bonum,
id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:
sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—
2.
Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:
quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:
multa bona vobis volt facere,
will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:
tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,
id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:
multa tibi di dent bona,
id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:
omnia Bona dicere,
to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:
sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:
cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,
id. ib. 5, 41, 120:
nihil enim boni nosti,
nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:
mala pro bonis legere dementia est,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:
quia bonum sit valere,
a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):
melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,
id. Lael. 6, 20:
meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,
id. Or. 1, 10, 43:
optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,
id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;
v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,
to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:
ad melius transcurrere,
to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—
3.
Bonum or bona, prosperity:
fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:
nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:
unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:
quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),
Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—
4.
Good qualities, gifts:
omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:
magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:
nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,
id. Cael. 5, 11:
hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,
id. ib. 17, 39:
non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,
id. Balb. 28, 63:
gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,
id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—
5.
Advantage, benefit:
si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:
saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,
id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:
maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,
Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:
hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—
6.
With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:
si bonum aequomque oras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:
si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:
a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:
istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,
I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—
7.
Bona, one ' s property, fortunes, almost always denoting the whole of one's possessions.
a.
In gen.:
paterna oportet reddi filio bona,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:
bona sua med habiturum omnia,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:
bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,
Cic. Sest. 24, 54:
cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,
id. ib. 30, 65:
bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,
id. Caecin. 13, 38:
at mulctantur bonis exsules,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—
b.
Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.
(α).
Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—
(β).
Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:
postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,
Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:
edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,
Liv. 2, 24, 6:
bona proscribere,
to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—
(γ).
Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—
c.
In bonis esse;
with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),
Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:
neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,
ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.
III.
Predicative use.
A.
With nouns or pronouns as subjects.
1.
Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:
nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:
bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,
id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:
itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:
Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,
Sall. C. 54, 5:
ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,
Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —
2.
To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:
jam istuc non bonumst,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:
oleum viridius et melius fiet,
id. ib. 3:
vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,
to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:
quid est homini salute melius?
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:
non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,
id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:
quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?
Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:
in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,
id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:
meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,
Liv. 2, 51, 3:
parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,
Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:
si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:
quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,
Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;
3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;
and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—
3.
To be kind:
bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:
hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—
4.
With reference to the gods:
ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:
Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),
Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—
B.
Impers.
1.
Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).
(α).
Without a subject:
bonum sit!
may it be fortunate, favorable! Verg. E. 8, 106.—
(β).
With subject inf.:
nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:
bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,
id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—
2.
Melius est.
(α).
With subject inf.:
melius sanam est mentem sumere,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:
nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,
Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,
melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,
it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:
proinde quiesse erit melius,
Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—
(β).
With subject inf.-clause:
meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—
(γ).
With ut-clause:
quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—
(δ).
With subjectclause in the subjunctive:
nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—
3.
Optimum est.
(α).
With subject inf.:
optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,
Liv. 23, 34, 8:
si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—
(β).
With inf.-clause:
constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,
Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—
(γ).
With ut and subj:
hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,
Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—
(δ).
With quod:
illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:
optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,
id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—
(ε).
With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):
sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:
optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 30:
optumum factu credens exercitum augere,
Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).
IV.
Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:
di melius duint,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:
di meliora velint!
Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:
di meliora! inquit,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47:
id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,
Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;
similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,
Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.
V.
With object expressed,
1.
By dat.
(α).
= good, useful, beneficial for:
ambula, id lieni optumum est,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:
quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,
Sall. C. 20, 3:
bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,
Verg. G. 2, 447.—
(β).
= benignus or propitius, kind to:
vicinis bonus esto,
Cato, R. R. 4:
bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:
vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,
Verg. A. 12, 647.—
(γ).
= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:
qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,
Cato, R. R. 6:
tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,
id. ib. 26:
terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,
Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—
(δ).
With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:
accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:
bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,
Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:
quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:
cui bono fuisset,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.
ellipt. form cui bono?
Prisc. p. 1208 P.—
(ε).
With dat. gerund:
ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,
Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:
(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,
Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—
2.
By ad and acc.:
refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,
Varr. R. R. 1, 91:
occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,
Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:
non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,
Tac. A. 2, 14.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > bonae
36 bonus

bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.
I.
Attributively.
A.
As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.
1.
Vir bonus.
(α).
A man morally good (kalos kagathos):
quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:
omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:
ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,
id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:
sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,
id. Off. 3, 15, 64:
qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,
id. Lael. 5, 19:
non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,
id. Att. 7, 2, 4:
ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:
nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,
id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—
(β).
An honest man:
justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;
3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,
id. ib. 3, 19, 77:
quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,
id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—
(γ).
A man of good standing in the community:
id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,
Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:
tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,
Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;
37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:
vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:
praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,
Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—
(δ).
Ironically of bad men:
sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:
expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,
Cic. Cael. 26, 63:
nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,
id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;
so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:
quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—
(ε).
Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):
bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—
(ζ).
As a conventional courtesy:
homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:
bone accusator,
id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:
sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,
gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—
2.
Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:
in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—
3.
With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:
bonus consul,
Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):
boni tribuni plebis,
Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:
bonus senator,
id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:
senator bonus,
id. Dom. 4, 8:
bonus judex,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:
bonus augur (ironically),
id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:
bonus vates,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:
bonus imperator,
Sall. C. 60, 4:
bonus dux,
Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:
naturam, optimam ducem,
the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):
bonus miles,
Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:
bonus orator,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:
optimus orator,
id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:
poeta bonus,
id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:
scriptor bonus,
Quint. 10, 1, 104:
bonus advocatus,
id. 5, 13, 10:
bonus defensor,
id. 5, 13, 3:
bonus altercator,
a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:
bonus praeceptor,
id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:
bonus gubernator,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:
optimus opifex,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:
sutor bonus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 125:
actor optimus,
Cic. Sest. 57, 122:
cantor optimus est modulator,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:
melior gladiator,
Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:
bonus paterfamilias,
a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:
bonus servus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:
dominus bonus,
Cato, R. R. 14:
bonus custos,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:
filius bonus,
Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:
patres,
Quint. 11, 3, 178:
parens,
id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:
uxor melior,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:
amicus,
id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:
amicus optimus,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:
optimus testis,
Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:
auctor, in two senses,
good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;
and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),
Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:
bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,
id. ib. 2, 23, 83:
eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:
optimus et fortissimus civis,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—
4.
Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.
(α).
In gen.:
sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:
fata... bonique divi,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:
divis orte bonis,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1:
O bone deus!
Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—
(β).
Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:
(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:
Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 36, 87:
in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:
nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—
(γ).
Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:
di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:
di boni, boni quid porto!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:
di boni, quid hoc morbi est,
id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:
alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!
Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—
(δ).
Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—
5.
Optimus as a laudatory epithet.
(α).
Vir optimus:
per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,
Cic. Sest. 1, 2:
virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,
id. ib. 35, 76:
fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,
id. ib.:
consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,
id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—
(β).
Femina bona, optima:
tua conjunx bona femina,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:
hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,
id. ib. —
(γ).
Senex, pater, frater, etc.:
optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,
Cic. Planc. 41, 97:
insuevit pater optimus hoc me,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:
C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—
(δ).
With proper names ( poet.):
optimus Vergilius,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:
Maecenas optimus,
id. ib. 1, 5, 27:
optime Quinti,
id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—
(ε).
Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:
quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?
Plin. Pan. 2, 7:
gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!
Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:
ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:
bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,
Ov. F. 2, 637:
optime Romulae Custos gentis,
Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—
6.
Bonus and Bona, names of deities.
(α).
Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):
Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,
Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.
in mal. part.,
Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—
(β).
Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—
(γ).
Bona Fortuna:
si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:
Bonae Fortunae (signum),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:
FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,
Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —
(δ).
Bona Spes:
Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:
BONAE SPEI,
Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—
(ε).
BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:
Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,
Prop. 3, 24, 19.
B.
With nouns denoting things.
1.
Things concrete, denoting excellence:
navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,
Sen. Ep. 76, 13:
gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,
id. ib. 76, 14:
id vinum erit lene et bono colore,
Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:
tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,
Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:
per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,
id. ib. 73; cf.:
bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,
Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:
praedium bonum caelum habeat,
good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:
bona tempestate,
in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:
(praedium) solo bono valeat,
by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:
bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:
villam bonam,
Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:
bonus pons,
Cat. 17, 5:
scyphi optimi (= optime facti),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:
perbona toreumata,
id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §
38: bona domicilia,
comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:
agrum Meliorem nemo habet,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:
fundum meliorem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:
equus melior,
id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:
bona cena,
Cat. 13, 3:
boni nummi,
good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:
super omnia vultus accessere boni,
good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:
mulier bona forma,
of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:
equus formae melioris,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:
tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,
fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:
fruges bonae,
Cat. 34, 19:
ova suci melioris,
of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:
animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:
bonum omen, 2. e.),
Quint. 6, 3, 69:
scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,
good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,
bona firmaque vox,
Quint. 11, 3, 13.—
2.
Things abstract.
a.
Of physical well-being:
ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,
Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:
non bonus somnus de prandio est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:
bona aetas,
prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:
optima aetate,
id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:
bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—
b.
Of the mind and soul:
meliore esse sensu,
Cic. Sest. 21, 47:
optima indoles,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:
bona conscientia,
Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:
bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,
with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:
mens melior,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:
duos optimae indolis filios,
Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:
bonum consilium,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:
bona voluntas,
a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:
memoria bona,
Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:
bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:
bonae rationes,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:
pronuntiatio bona,
Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—
c.
Of moral relations:
ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;
v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:
fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,
of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:
bona studia,
moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:
quidquid vita meliore parasti,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:
Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,
Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—
d.
Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:
bono usui estis nulli,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:
Optumo optume optumam operam das,
id. Am. 1, 1, 122:
bonam dedistis mihi operam,
a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;
v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:
bonum otium,
valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:
bonis versibus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:
versus meliores,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:
meliora poemata,
Hor. A. P. 303:
in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:
optimas fabulas,
id. Off. 1, 31, 114:
melius munus,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—
e.
Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:
de Procilio rumores non boni,
unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:
bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,
about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:
si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,
id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.
fortuna optima esse,
to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:
occasio tam bona,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:
senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:
bona navigatio,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;
esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:
ego sum spe bona,
Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:
optima spe,
id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;
v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,
more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:
melior interpretatio,
Tac. H. 3, 65:
cum laude et bonis recordationibus,
id. A. 4, 38:
amnis Doctus iter melius,
i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:
omen bonum,
a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.
Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,
Ov. F. 1, 221;
optimum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:
bona scaeva,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:
auspicio optumo,
id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:
memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—
f.
Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:
optima res publica,
id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:
minus bonis temporibus,
id. Dom. 4, 8; so,
optimis temporibus,
id. Sest. 3, 6:
nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:
lex optima,
id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—
g.
Good = large, considerable:
bono atque amplo lucro,
Plaut. Am. prol. 6:
bona librorum copia,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:
bona copia cornu,
Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—
h.
Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:
si bono genere natus sit,
Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—
k.
Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.
(α).
Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:
primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:
bona tua venia dixerim,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:
oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,
Liv. 7, 41, 3:
obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,
id. 6, 40, 10:
cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,
id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.
. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—
(β).
Bona pax, without quarrelling:
bona pax sit potius,
let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;
so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,
without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—
(γ).
Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:
igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,
Sall. J. 5, 5.—
(δ).
Bona societas, alliance:
Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,
Tac. A. 1, 58.
C.
In particular phrases.
1.
Bonae res.
a.
= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:
concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:
optimis rebus usus est,
he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—
b.
= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:
bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:
in bonis rebus,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —
c.
Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:
homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,
who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —
d.
Costly things, articles of luxury:
capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:
nimium rei bonae,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:
ignorantia bonarum rerum,
Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:
re bona copiosum esse,
Gell. 16, 19, 7.—
e.
Moral, morally good:
illi cum res non bonas tractent,
Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:
ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,
id. ib. 1, 4, 15:
quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?
id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:
quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,
id. Sen. 18, 65.—
f.
In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:
res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:
studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,
Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—
2.
Bonae artes.
(α).
A good, laudable way of dealing:
qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,
Sall. C. 2, 9:
huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,
id. ib. 11, 2:
quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,
Tac. A. 6, 46.—
(β).
Liberal arts and sciences:
litteris aut ulli bonae arti,
Quint. 12, 1, 7:
conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:
optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—
3.
Bona fides, or fides bona.
a.
Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:
dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:
si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—
b.
Jurid. t. t.
(α).
Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:
ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;
41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,
ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,
(β).
Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:
actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,
Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:
quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:
iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,
id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—
4.
Bona verba.
(α).
Kind words:
Bona verba quaeso,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—
(β).
Words of good omen (v. omen):
dicamus bona verba,
Tib. 2, 2, 1:
dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,
Ov. F. 2, 638.—
(γ).
Elegant or well-chosen expressions:
quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,
Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:
verborum bonorum cursu,
id. Brut. 66, 233:
omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,
Quint. 10, 1, 9.—
(δ).
Moral sayings:
non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —
5.
Bona dicta.
(α).
Polite, courteous language:
hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—
(β).
Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:
dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:
ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—
6.
Bona facta.
(α).
= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:
nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),
Tac. A. 3, 40.—
(β).
Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):
bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:
haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,
id. ib. 45.— Hence,
(γ).
Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:
peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,
Suet. Caes. 80:
et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,
id. Vit. 14:
hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,
Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:
o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,
Tert. Pud. 1.—
7.
Bona gratia.
(α).
A friendly understanding:
cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,
per gratiam bonam abire,
to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—
(β).
Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—
8.
Bona pars.
(α).
The well-disposed part of a body of persons:
ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,
Liv. 21, 4, 1:
pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,
id. 7, 21, 6.—
(β).
The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):
civem bonarum partium,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77:
(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,
id. Cael. 6, 13:
qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,
Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—
(γ).
Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):
bonam partem ad te adtulit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:
bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,
Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:
bonam magnamque partem exercitus,
Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:
bona pars noctium,
Quint. 12, 11, 19:
bona pars hominum,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:
meae vocis... bona pars,
id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:
melior pars diei,
Verg. A. 9, 156.—
(δ).
Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:
nostri melior pars animus est,
Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:
quae pars optima est in homine,
best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:
major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:
Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,
Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—
(ε).
Adverb.:
bonam partem = ex magna parte,
Lucr. 6, 1249.—
(ζ).
Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:
Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,
id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:
quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,
id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—
9.
Dies bonus or bona.
(α).
A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):
tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:
nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,
Ov. F. 1, 72.—
(β).
A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—
10.
Bonus mos.
(α).
Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:
nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:
nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:
domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,
Sall. C. 9, 1:
propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,
Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:
cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,
Liv. 34, 6, 9:
mores meliores,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—
(β).
Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:
ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:
neglegentia boni moris,
Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:
conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,
in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —
11.
Adverbial phrases.
a.
Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.
(α).
To be of good cheer or courage:
bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,
Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:
animo bono es,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:
bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,
Varr. R. R. 1, 26:
bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:
bono animo esse jubere eam consul,
Liv. 39, 13, 7:
habe modo bonum animum,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:
habe animum bonum,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:
bonum animum habe,
Liv. 45, 8, 5:
clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,
id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—
(β).
Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:
audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:
bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:
quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—
(γ).
Bonus animus, good temper, patience:
bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:
vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,
Ov. M. 9, 433.—
b.
Bono modo.
(α).
= placide, with composure, moderation:
si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,
Cato, R. R. 5:
haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—
(β).
In a decent manner:
neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —
c.
Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:
te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:
ut jure optimo me deserere posses,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:
ne jure optimo irrideamur,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;
similarly, optimo judicio,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.
II.
As subst.
A.
bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.
1.
In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.
(α).
Plur.:
bonis quod bene fit haud perit,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:
melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,
Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:
verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,
id. Lael. 14, 50:
diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,
Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:
oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:
tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,
Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:
quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—
(β).
Sing.:
malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:
nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:
qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—
2.
Bonus, a man of honor.
(α).
A brave man:
pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:
libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,
Sall. C. 33, 5:
fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):
fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,
Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —
(β).
A gentleman:
quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?
Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—
3.
Boni, the better (i. e. higher) classes of society.
(α).
In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;
so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,
Cic. Sest. 16, 38:
audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,
id. ib. 47, 100:
ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,
id. Pis. 2, 4:
etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:
maledictis increpat omnes bonos,
Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,
optimi,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:
bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,
id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—
(β).
Without reference to political views;
opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:
semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,
Sall. C. 37, 3:
elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,
Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:
ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:
da locum melioribus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—
4.
Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—
5.
Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.
(α).
Referring to morality:
esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,
every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:
qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,
id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:
quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?
Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—
(β).
Of the educated classes:
adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:
Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,
Sall. C. 34, 2:
optimo cuique infesta libertas,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—
(γ).
Honorable, brave:
optumus quisque cadere et sauciari, ceteris metus augeri,
Sall. J. 92, 8.—
(δ).
In gen., excellent:
optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,
Sall. C. 8, 5.—
(ε).
Distributively:
ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,
to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—
(ζ).
Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):
hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—
(η).
Attributively, with a noun:
optimam quamque causam,
Cic. Sest. 43, 93:
optima quaeque dies,
Verg. G. 3, 66.
2.
bŏnum, i, n., plur. bona; mĕlĭus, ōris, n.; optĭmum, i, n. (v. infra); of things in gen.
1.
Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;
nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:
quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,
id. Par. 1, 1, 9:
ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:
non-est igitur voluptas bonum,
id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:
sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—
2.
Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:
quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:
multa bona vobis volt facere,
will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:
tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,
id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:
multa tibi di dent bona,
id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:
omnia Bona dicere,
to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:
sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:
cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,
id. ib. 5, 41, 120:
nihil enim boni nosti,
nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:
mala pro bonis legere dementia est,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:
quia bonum sit valere,
a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):
melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,
id. Lael. 6, 20:
meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,
id. Or. 1, 10, 43:
optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,
id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;
v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,
to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:
ad melius transcurrere,
to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—
3.
Bonum or bona, prosperity:
fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:
nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:
unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:
quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),
Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—
4.
Good qualities, gifts:
omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:
magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:
nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,
id. Cael. 5, 11:
hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,
id. ib. 17, 39:
non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,
id. Balb. 28, 63:
gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,
id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—
5.
Advantage, benefit:
si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:
saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,
id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:
maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,
Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:
hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—
6.
With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:
si bonum aequomque oras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:
si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:
a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:
istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,
I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—
7.
Bona, one ' s property, fortunes, almost always denoting the whole of one's possessions.
a.
In gen.:
paterna oportet reddi filio bona,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:
bona sua med habiturum omnia,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:
bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,
Cic. Sest. 24, 54:
cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,
id. ib. 30, 65:
bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,
id. Caecin. 13, 38:
at mulctantur bonis exsules,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—
b.
Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.
(α).
Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—
(β).
Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:
postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,
Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:
edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,
Liv. 2, 24, 6:
bona proscribere,
to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—
(γ).
Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—
c.
In bonis esse;
with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),
Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:
neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,
ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.
III.
Predicative use.
A.
With nouns or pronouns as subjects.
1.
Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:
nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:
bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,
id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:
itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:
Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,
Sall. C. 54, 5:
ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,
Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —
2.
To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:
jam istuc non bonumst,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:
oleum viridius et melius fiet,
id. ib. 3:
vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,
to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:
quid est homini salute melius?
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:
non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,
id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:
quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?
Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:
in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,
id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:
meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,
Liv. 2, 51, 3:
parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,
Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:
si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:
quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,
Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;
3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;
and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—
3.
To be kind:
bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:
hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—
4.
With reference to the gods:
ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:
Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),
Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—
B.
Impers.
1.
Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).
(α).
Without a subject:
bonum sit!
may it be fortunate, favorable! Verg. E. 8, 106.—
(β).
With subject inf.:
nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:
bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,
id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—
2.
Melius est.
(α).
With subject inf.:
melius sanam est mentem sumere,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:
nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,
Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,
melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,
it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:
proinde quiesse erit melius,
Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—
(β).
With subject inf.-clause:
meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—
(γ).
With ut-clause:
quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—
(δ).
With subjectclause in the subjunctive:
nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—
3.
Optimum est.
(α).
With subject inf.:
optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,
Liv. 23, 34, 8:
si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—
(β).
With inf.-clause:
constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,
Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—
(γ).
With ut and subj:
hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,
Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—
(δ).
With quod:
illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:
optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,
id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—
(ε).
With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):
sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:
optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 30:
optumum factu credens exercitum augere,
Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).
IV.
Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:
di melius duint,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:
di meliora velint!
Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:
di meliora! inquit,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47:
id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,
Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;
similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,
Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.
V.
With object expressed,
1.
By dat.
(α).
= good, useful, beneficial for:
ambula, id lieni optumum est,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:
quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,
Sall. C. 20, 3:
bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,
Verg. G. 2, 447.—
(β).
= benignus or propitius, kind to:
vicinis bonus esto,
Cato, R. R. 4:
bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:
vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,
Verg. A. 12, 647.—
(γ).
= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:
qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,
Cato, R. R. 6:
tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,
id. ib. 26:
terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,
Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—
(δ).
With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:
accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:
bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,
Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:
quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:
cui bono fuisset,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.
ellipt. form cui bono?
Prisc. p. 1208 P.—
(ε).
With dat. gerund:
ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,
Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:
(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,
Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—
2.
By ad and acc.:
refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,
Varr. R. R. 1, 91:
occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,
Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:
non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,
Tac. A. 2, 14.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > bonus
37 faveo

făvĕo, fāvi, fautum, 2, v. n. [perh. root phaW-, phaos, phôs, light, safety; cf. also foveo], to be favorable, to be well disposed or inclined towards, to favor, promote, befriend, countenance, protect (class.; syn.: studeo, foveo, diligo, amo).
I.
In gen.
(α).
With dat.:
favere et cupere Helvetiis propter eam affinitatem (opp. odisse),
Caes. B. G. 1, 18, 8:
qui diligebant hunc, illi favebant,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 10, 29; cf.
favor, II.: ille (chorus) bonis faveatque et consilietur amice (= semper cum personis probis stet),
Hor. A. P. 196: Romanis Juno coepit placata favere, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 281 (Ann. v. 289 ed. Vahl.):
tibi favemus, te tuā frui virtute cupimus, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 97, 331:
rescripsi... me ei fauturum,
id. Att. 12, 49, 1:
non multo plus patriae faveo quam tuae gloriae,
id. Fam. 10, 19, 2:
rei publicae, dignitati ac gloriae tuae,
id. ib. 12, 7, 1:
nostrae laudi dignitatique,
id. ib. 1, 7, 8:
huic meae voluntati,
id. ib. 15, 4, 14; cf.:
honori et dignitati,
Caes. B. C. 1, 7, 1:
sententiae,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 23, 55:
rebus Gallicis,
Caes. B. G. 6, 7, 7:
rebus Caesaris,
id. B. C. 2, 18, 6: favere et plaudere ingeniis sepultis, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 88:
operi,
Ov. M. 15, 367 et saep.:
honoribus,
Cic. Planc. 8, 20:
huc coëamus ait... Coëamus retulit Echo, et verbis favet ipsa suis,
i. e. delights in, Ov. M. 3, 388:
qui (galli) silentio noctis, ut ait Ennius, favent faucibus russis cantu,
i. e. give rest to, indulge, Cic. Div. 2, 26, 57.— Pass. impers.:
non modo non invidetur illi aetati, verum etiam favetur,
Cic. Off. 2, 13, 45; so,
favetur,
id. de Or. 2, 51, 207; Quint. 5, 7, 31: huic Romae ita fautum est, ut, etc., Spartian. Pescenn. 2.—
(β).
Absol. (very rare; mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
maxime favet judex qui, etc.,
Quint. 3, 7, 25; cf.:
judices, ut faveant, rogamus,
id. 4, 1, 73:
si favet alma Pales,
Ov. F. 4, 722:
assis, o Tegeaee, favens (= propitius),
Verg. G. 1, 18:
Phoebe, fave,
Tib. 2, 5, 1:
faveas, Cypria,
id. 3, 3, 34; cf.:
quisquis es, o faveas,
Ov. M. 3, 613:
vos, o, coetum, Tyrii, celebrate faventes,
Verg. A. 1, 735:
favente Marte,
Tib. 1, 10, 30; cf.:
faventibus diis,
Suet. Galb. 10:
et bonos et aequos et faventes vos habui dominos,
id. Tib. 29.—
(γ).
With inf. (= cupere): matronae moeros complent spectare faventes, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 18 (Ann. v. 376 ed. Vahl., but not in Ov. H. 6, 100, v. Loers. ad h. l.).—
B.
Of inanim. subjects:
(terra) altera frumentis favet, altera Baccho, densa magis Cereri, etc.,
is favorable, promotes, Verg. G. 2, 228:
dum favet nox,
Hor. C. 3, 4, 50:
venti faventes (i. q. secundi, prosperi),
favorable, Ov. M. 15, 49.
II.
In partic.
A.
In relig. lang., linguis, rarely linguā, ore, etc., to speak good words or to abstain from evil words (the Greek euphêmein); hence, to keep still, be silent: idcirco rebus divinis, quae publice fierent, ut FAVERENT LINGVIS imperabatur;
inque feriis imperandis, ut LITIBVS ET IVRGIIS SE ABSTINERENT,
Cic. Div. 1, 45, 102; cf.:
faventia bonam ominationem significat. Nam praecones clamantes populum sacrificiis FAVERE jubebant. Favere enim est bona fari: at veteres poëtae pro silere usi sunt favere, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. faventia. p. 88, 6 Müll.: vidimus certis precationibus custodem praeponi, qui faveri linguis jubeat,
Plin. 28, 2, 3, § 11; Cic. Div. 2, 40, 83: prospera lux oritur: linguis animisque favete;
Nunc dicenda bono sunt bona verba die,
Ov. F. 1, 71; cf.:
dicamus bona verba, venit natalis, ad aras. Quisquis ades, linguā vir mulierque fave,
Tib. 2, 2, 2:
en deus est, deus est! linguis animisque favete, quisquis ades! dixit... Quisquis adest, jussum veneratur numen, et omnes Verba sacerdotis referunt geminata,
Ov. M. 15, 677 sq.: contecti gladiis sub scutis ore faventes (= tacentes), Enn. ap. Phil. Verg. G. 4, 230 (Ann. v. 415 ed. Vahl.); cf.:
ore favete omnes et cingite tempora ramis,
Verg. A. 5, 71:
odi profanum vulgus et arceo. Favete linguis,
Hor. C. 3, 1, 2:
quoties mentio sacra litterarum intervenerit, favete linguis,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 26 fin.:
sacra facit vates? sint ora faventia sacris,
Prop. 4 (5), 6, 1; cf.:
concipiamque bonas ore favente preces,
Ov. Tr. 3, 13, 18:
linguā favens assit (diei natali), longorum oblita malorum,
id. ib. 5, 5, 5; Juv. 12, 83; cf.:
mente favete pari, etc.,
Sil. 15, 295.— Absol.:
favete (= tacete), adeste aequo animo et rem cognoscite,
Ter. And. prol. 24.—
B.
To applaud:
quo clamor vocat et turba faventium, etc.,
Hor. C. 3, 24, 46; cf.:
tum clamore, qualis ex insperato faventium solet, Romani adjuvant militem suum (Horatium),
Liv. 1, 25, 9:
infensus turbae faventi adversus studium suum,
Suet. Calig. 30; Plin. Ep. 9, 6, 2:
tu Veneri dominae plaude favente manu,
Ov. A. A. 1, 148.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > faveo
38 mactus

1.
mactus, a, um, adj. [root mak, in makar, blessed; cf. makros].
I.
In relig. lang., of the gods, glorified, worshipped, honored, adored (only in the voc. macte, and rarely in the nom.):
Juppiter te bonas preces precor, uti sies volens propitius mihi liberisque meis, mactus hoc fercto. Jove pater, macte vino inferio esto,
Cato, R. R. 134, 2 and 3; cf. id. ib. 132, 2;
for which: mactus hoc vino inferio esto,
Arn. 7, 296:
macte hoc porco piaculo immolando esto,
Cato, R. R. 139 fin.:
macte hisce suovitaurilibus lactentibus immolandis esto,
id. ib. 141, 3 sq.:
macte hac dape esto,
id. ib. 132.—
II.
Transf., beyond the relig. sphere, with or without esto, as an exclamation of applause or congratulation: macte, macte virtute (esto), macti virtute este, etc.; and as a standing formula, macte, even with acc. (v. infra), Engl. good luck! hail to thee! etc.; in responses, bravo! well done! that's right! go on! tantumne ab re tua est oti tibi, ut etiam Oratorem legas? Macte virtute! increase in, go on in, Cic. Att. 12, 6, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:
macte virtute esto sanguinolentis et ex acie redeuntibus dicitur,
Sen. Ep. 66 fin.:
macte virtute esto,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 31: macte novā virtute, puer;
sic itur ad astra!
Verg. A. 9, 641:
macte virtute diligentiāque esto,
Liv. 10, 40: macte virtute simulque his versibus esto, Lucil. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 9, 641:
macte animo,
Stat. Th. 7, 280; cf.:
macte bonis animi,
id. S. 1, 3, 106:
macte toris,
id. ib. 1, 2, 201:
macte hac gloriā,
Plin. Pan. 46:
macte uterque ingenti in rempublicam merito,
id. ib. 89:
macte esto taedis, o Hymenaee, tuis,
Mart. 4, 13, 2.—In plur.:
macti virtute milites Romani este,
Liv. 7, 36, 5:
macti ingenio este,
Plin. 2, 12, 9, § 54:
vos macti virtute estote,
Curt. 4, 1, 18:
juberem macte virtute esse, si pro meā patriā ista virtus staret,
Liv. 2, 12, 14.—With acc.:
macte fortissimam et meo judicio beatissimam in ipsis malis civitatem!
Flor. 2, 18, 16.—
(β).
With gen. ( poet.):
macte animi,
Mart. 12, 6, 7; Stat. S. 5, 1, 37; id. Th. 2, 495.—With abl.:
macte animo, juvenis,
Stat. Th. 7, 280.—
(γ).
Absol.:
Macte!
that's right! well done! good! Cic. Att. 15, 29 fin.
2.
mactus, a, um, P. a. of maco, q. v., and cf. macto fin.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > mactus
39 Mars

Mars (archaic and poet. Māvors, q. v.), Martis (collat. reduplic. form Marmar, in the Song of the Arval Brothers; v. the following, and Mamers), m. [root mar-, gleam; Sanscr. marīkis, beam of light; hence Mars, the bright god; cf.: marmor, mare], Mars, who, as father of Romulus, was the primogenitor of the Roman people, the god of war, of husbandry, of shepherds and seers. For him was named the month of Martius, March, the beginning of the Roman year, Ov. F. 3, 73 sqq.:
legio Martia... ab eo deo, a quo populum Romanum generatum accepimus,
Cic. Phil. 4, 2, 5:
Mars pater te precor quaesoque, uti sies volens propitius mihi, etc.,... ut tu morbos visos invisosque viduertatem vastitudinemque, calamitates intemperiasque prohibessis, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 141, 2; cf., in the Song of the Arval Brothers, NEVE LVERVE MARMAR SINS INCVRRERE IN PLEORIS;
for Mars pater, the forms Marspiter, gen. Marspitris, or -tĕris, and Maspiter were also employed,
Gell. 5, 12, 5; Macr. S. 1, 12; 19; Varr. L. L. 8, § 33 Müll.; 9, § 75; 10, § 65; Prisc. p. 695:
Mars Gradivus, Quirinus, Silvanus, Ultor, v. under h. vv.: Mars durus,
Verg. E 10, 44:
torvus,
Hor. C. 1, 28, 17:
cruentus,
id. ib. 2, 14, 13:
ferus,
Ov. H. 7, 160; id. F. 4, 25:
ferox,
id. M. 13, 11:
bellicus,
id. F. 3, 1:
fortibus sane oculis Cassius (Martem spirare dicens) se in Siciliam non iturum,
Cic. Att. 15, 11. The Salii were destined for his service, Liv. 1, 20, 4; horses and bulls were offered to him, Paul. ex Fest. p. 61 Müll.; Ov. H. 6, 10; Macr. S. 3, 10, 4:
per Martem, a soldier's oath,
Plaut. Mil. 5, 21. He was often appealed to in oaths, etc., esp. by soldiers:
Nam neque Duellona mi umquam neque Mars creduat, ni, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 8; id. Mil. 1, 1, 11; id. Truc. 3, 1, 11.—
II.
Transf.
A.
War, battle, a conflict, engagement, contest, etc.; also the art of war: cum veter occubuit Priamus sub Marte Pelasgo, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P. (Ann. v. 17 Vahl.):
Martem accendere cantu,
to incite to battle, Verg. A. 6, 165:
apertus,
fighting in the open field, Ov. M. 13, 27: equitem suo alienoque Marte pugnare, i. e. to fight both in their own fashion (on horseback) and in one which was strange to them (on foot), Liv. 3, 62, 9:
pugna jam in manus, jam in gladios, ubi Mars est atrocissimus, venerat,
id. 2, 46, 3:
terribili Marte ululare,
Plin. 26, 4, 9, § 19:
captam sine Marte,
Stat. Ach. 1, 401:
quos amisimus cives, eos Martis vis perculit, non ira victoriae,
Cic. Marcell. 6, 17.— Poet.:
Mars forensis,
a contest in the forum, legal contest, Ov. P. 4, 6, 29; cf.:
et fora Marte suo litigiosa vacent,
id. F. 4, 188.—Hence, prov.: suo (nostro, vestro) Marte, by one's own exertions, without the assistance of others:
rex ipse suo Marte res suas recuperavit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95; id. Off. 3, 7, 34:
cum vos vestro Marte his rebus omnibus abundetis,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 9.—
B.
The issue of a war or a battle, the fortune of war:
cum omnis belli Mars communis, et cum semper incerti exitus proeliorum sint,
Cic. Fam. 6, 4, 1: communis adhuc Mars belli erat, Liv. 10, 28:
aequo Marte,
with equal advantage, on equal terms, Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 3; 8, 19, 2; Curt. 4, 1, 8:
pari Marte,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 19:
aequato Marte,
Liv. 1, 25:
verso Marte ( = versā fortunā),
id. 29, 3, 11:
vario Marte pugnatum est,
Quint. 8, 6, 24:
incerto Marte,
Tac. H. 4, 35:
anceps,
Liv. 7, 29, 2; 21, 1, 2:
dubius,
Vell. 2, 55, 3.—
C.
The planet Mars: Jovis stellae proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, quae stella Martis appellatur, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53; 2, 46, 119; Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 34; 2, 15, 12, § 60; Hyg. Astr. 2, 42:
Martis sidus,
Cassiod. Var. 11, 36.—Hence,
III.
Mar-tĭus ( Māvortĭus, v. infra), a, um, adj.
a.
Of or belonging to Mars:
lupus,
sacred to Mars, Verg. A. 9, 566; cf.: Martius lupus, integer et intactus, gentis nos Martiae et conditoris nostri admonuit, descended from Mars (since Mars is the father of Romulus and Remus), Liv. 10, 27:
legio,
Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 6; 4, 2, 5:
miles,
Ov. M. 14, 798:
proles,
i. e. Romulus and Remus, id. F. 3, 59:
anguis,
sacred to Mars, id. M. 3, 32:
judicium,
i. e. of the Areopagus at Athens, App. M. 10, p. 718 Oud.: Campus;
v. campus: harena,
a place in the Circus where the gladiators fought, Ov. Tr. 2, 282; Mart. 2, 75, 8:
gramen,
i. e. the Field of Mars, Hor. C. 3, 7, 26: Martius mensis, the month of March, formerly the first month of the year, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 13:
Martii Calendis,
Hor. C. 3, 8, 1: Idus Martiae, the Ides of March, famous as the day on which Julius Cæsar was killed, Cic. Att. 14, 4, 2; cf. 14, 20, 1 sq.; id. Phil. 2, 35, 88; id. Fam. 10, 28, 1.— In the form Mavortius ( poet.):
moenia,
i. e. Rome, Verg. A. 1, 276:
tellus,
i. e. Thrace, id. G. 4, 462:
conjux,
i. e. Venus, Val. Fl. 2, 208:
proles,
i. e. the Thebans, Ov. M. 3, 531; cf.:
seges belli (because sprung from the dragon's teeth),
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 135.—
b.
Transf.
1.
Warlike, martial:
Martia Penthesilea,
Verg. A. 11, 661:
Martia saeculi voluptas,
Mart. 5, 24, 1:
Martius aeris rauci canor,
Verg. G. 4, 71:
vulnera,
id. A. 7, 182:
Thebe,
i. e. where many wars were carried on, Ov. Am. 3, 6, 33.—
2.
Of or belonging to the planet Mars:
ille fulgor rutilus, horribilisque terris, quem Martium dicitis,
Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17.—As subst.: Mar-tĭus, ii, m. (sc. mensis), March, the month of March:
Mensium nomina fere aperta sunt, si a Martio, ut antiqui constituerunt, numeres, Nam primus a Marte,
Varr. L. L. 6, 4, § 33.—
IV.
Martĭālis, e, adj.
A.
Of or belonging to Mars: Flamen, Varr L. L. 5, § 84 Müll.;
7, § 45 ib.: lupus,
sacred to Mars, Hor. C. 1, 17, 9:
ludi,
in honor of Mars, Suet. Claud. 1: Martialis collis, near the temple of Deus Fidius, Varr. L. L. 5, § 52 Müll.— Subst.: Martĭālis, is, m., a priest of Mars:
Martiales quidam Larini appellabantur, ministri publici Martis,
Cic. Clu. 15, 43.—
B.
Belonging to the legio Martia; hence, Martĭāles, the soldiers of the legio Martia, Cic. Phil. 4, 2, 5.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Mars
40 Martiales

Mars (archaic and poet. Māvors, q. v.), Martis (collat. reduplic. form Marmar, in the Song of the Arval Brothers; v. the following, and Mamers), m. [root mar-, gleam; Sanscr. marīkis, beam of light; hence Mars, the bright god; cf.: marmor, mare], Mars, who, as father of Romulus, was the primogenitor of the Roman people, the god of war, of husbandry, of shepherds and seers. For him was named the month of Martius, March, the beginning of the Roman year, Ov. F. 3, 73 sqq.:
legio Martia... ab eo deo, a quo populum Romanum generatum accepimus,
Cic. Phil. 4, 2, 5:
Mars pater te precor quaesoque, uti sies volens propitius mihi, etc.,... ut tu morbos visos invisosque viduertatem vastitudinemque, calamitates intemperiasque prohibessis, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 141, 2; cf., in the Song of the Arval Brothers, NEVE LVERVE MARMAR SINS INCVRRERE IN PLEORIS;
for Mars pater, the forms Marspiter, gen. Marspitris, or -tĕris, and Maspiter were also employed,
Gell. 5, 12, 5; Macr. S. 1, 12; 19; Varr. L. L. 8, § 33 Müll.; 9, § 75; 10, § 65; Prisc. p. 695:
Mars Gradivus, Quirinus, Silvanus, Ultor, v. under h. vv.: Mars durus,
Verg. E 10, 44:
torvus,
Hor. C. 1, 28, 17:
cruentus,
id. ib. 2, 14, 13:
ferus,
Ov. H. 7, 160; id. F. 4, 25:
ferox,
id. M. 13, 11:
bellicus,
id. F. 3, 1:
fortibus sane oculis Cassius (Martem spirare dicens) se in Siciliam non iturum,
Cic. Att. 15, 11. The Salii were destined for his service, Liv. 1, 20, 4; horses and bulls were offered to him, Paul. ex Fest. p. 61 Müll.; Ov. H. 6, 10; Macr. S. 3, 10, 4:
per Martem, a soldier's oath,
Plaut. Mil. 5, 21. He was often appealed to in oaths, etc., esp. by soldiers:
Nam neque Duellona mi umquam neque Mars creduat, ni, etc.,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 8; id. Mil. 1, 1, 11; id. Truc. 3, 1, 11.—
II.
Transf.
A.
War, battle, a conflict, engagement, contest, etc.; also the art of war: cum veter occubuit Priamus sub Marte Pelasgo, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P. (Ann. v. 17 Vahl.):
Martem accendere cantu,
to incite to battle, Verg. A. 6, 165:
apertus,
fighting in the open field, Ov. M. 13, 27: equitem suo alienoque Marte pugnare, i. e. to fight both in their own fashion (on horseback) and in one which was strange to them (on foot), Liv. 3, 62, 9:
pugna jam in manus, jam in gladios, ubi Mars est atrocissimus, venerat,
id. 2, 46, 3:
terribili Marte ululare,
Plin. 26, 4, 9, § 19:
captam sine Marte,
Stat. Ach. 1, 401:
quos amisimus cives, eos Martis vis perculit, non ira victoriae,
Cic. Marcell. 6, 17.— Poet.:
Mars forensis,
a contest in the forum, legal contest, Ov. P. 4, 6, 29; cf.:
et fora Marte suo litigiosa vacent,
id. F. 4, 188.—Hence, prov.: suo (nostro, vestro) Marte, by one's own exertions, without the assistance of others:
rex ipse suo Marte res suas recuperavit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95; id. Off. 3, 7, 34:
cum vos vestro Marte his rebus omnibus abundetis,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 9.—
B.
The issue of a war or a battle, the fortune of war:
cum omnis belli Mars communis, et cum semper incerti exitus proeliorum sint,
Cic. Fam. 6, 4, 1: communis adhuc Mars belli erat, Liv. 10, 28:
aequo Marte,
with equal advantage, on equal terms, Caes. B. G. 7, 19, 3; 8, 19, 2; Curt. 4, 1, 8:
pari Marte,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 19:
aequato Marte,
Liv. 1, 25:
verso Marte ( = versā fortunā),
id. 29, 3, 11:
vario Marte pugnatum est,
Quint. 8, 6, 24:
incerto Marte,
Tac. H. 4, 35:
anceps,
Liv. 7, 29, 2; 21, 1, 2:
dubius,
Vell. 2, 55, 3.—
C.
The planet Mars: Jovis stellae proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, quae stella Martis appellatur, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53; 2, 46, 119; Plin. 2, 8, 6, § 34; 2, 15, 12, § 60; Hyg. Astr. 2, 42:
Martis sidus,
Cassiod. Var. 11, 36.—Hence,
III.
Mar-tĭus ( Māvortĭus, v. infra), a, um, adj.
a.
Of or belonging to Mars:
lupus,
sacred to Mars, Verg. A. 9, 566; cf.: Martius lupus, integer et intactus, gentis nos Martiae et conditoris nostri admonuit, descended from Mars (since Mars is the father of Romulus and Remus), Liv. 10, 27:
legio,
Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 6; 4, 2, 5:
miles,
Ov. M. 14, 798:
proles,
i. e. Romulus and Remus, id. F. 3, 59:
anguis,
sacred to Mars, id. M. 3, 32:
judicium,
i. e. of the Areopagus at Athens, App. M. 10, p. 718 Oud.: Campus;
v. campus: harena,
a place in the Circus where the gladiators fought, Ov. Tr. 2, 282; Mart. 2, 75, 8:
gramen,
i. e. the Field of Mars, Hor. C. 3, 7, 26: Martius mensis, the month of March, formerly the first month of the year, Plin. 15, 3, 4, § 13:
Martii Calendis,
Hor. C. 3, 8, 1: Idus Martiae, the Ides of March, famous as the day on which Julius Cæsar was killed, Cic. Att. 14, 4, 2; cf. 14, 20, 1 sq.; id. Phil. 2, 35, 88; id. Fam. 10, 28, 1.— In the form Mavortius ( poet.):
moenia,
i. e. Rome, Verg. A. 1, 276:
tellus,
i. e. Thrace, id. G. 4, 462:
conjux,
i. e. Venus, Val. Fl. 2, 208:
proles,
i. e. the Thebans, Ov. M. 3, 531; cf.:
seges belli (because sprung from the dragon's teeth),
Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 135.—
b.
Transf.
1.
Warlike, martial:
Martia Penthesilea,
Verg. A. 11, 661:
Martia saeculi voluptas,
Mart. 5, 24, 1:
Martius aeris rauci canor,
Verg. G. 4, 71:
vulnera,
id. A. 7, 182:
Thebe,
i. e. where many wars were carried on, Ov. Am. 3, 6, 33.—
2.
Of or belonging to the planet Mars:
ille fulgor rutilus, horribilisque terris, quem Martium dicitis,
Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17.—As subst.: Mar-tĭus, ii, m. (sc. mensis), March, the month of March:
Mensium nomina fere aperta sunt, si a Martio, ut antiqui constituerunt, numeres, Nam primus a Marte,
Varr. L. L. 6, 4, § 33.—
IV.
Martĭālis, e, adj.
A.
Of or belonging to Mars: Flamen, Varr L. L. 5, § 84 Müll.;
7, § 45 ib.: lupus,
sacred to Mars, Hor. C. 1, 17, 9:
ludi,
in honor of Mars, Suet. Claud. 1: Martialis collis, near the temple of Deus Fidius, Varr. L. L. 5, § 52 Müll.— Subst.: Martĭālis, is, m., a priest of Mars:
Martiales quidam Larini appellabantur, ministri publici Martis,
Cic. Clu. 15, 43.—
B.
Belonging to the legio Martia; hence, Martĭāles, the soldiers of the legio Martia, Cic. Phil. 4, 2, 5.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Martiales

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