consumptus

* * *

* * *

* * *

altercātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.], a strife or contest in words, a dispute, debate; either with or without passion: amoibaios logos, Gloss. Philox. (perh. not entirely dignified, since Cic. uses it several times in his Epistt. and philos. writings; but in his Oratt. disceptatio and contentio generally take its place).

In gen.: in pauciores avidos altercatio est, * Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 11:

dies consumptus est altercatione Lentuli consulis et Caninii tribuni plebis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 2:

redeo ad altercationem,

id. Att. 1, 16 med.; so id. ib. 4, 13:

oritur mihi magna de re altercatio cum Velleio,

id. N. D. 1, 6, 15; Liv. 4, 6:

magna ibi non disceptatio modo, sed etiam altercatio fuit,

id. 38, 32; 1, 7; 10, 40;

35, 17: Cn. Domitius collegae suo altercatione ortā objecit, quod etc.,

Val. Max. 9, 1, 4; Tac. H. 4, 7:

verborum altercatio,

Scrib. Comp. 181:

in altercatione barbam invadere,

Suet. Caes. 71.—

Esp., in rhet., an altercation; a kind of discourse in a court of justice, which is not continuous, but where one seeks to vanquish his opponent by interposed questions, sometimes mingled with abuse (cf. Quint. 6, 3, 4; 4, 1, 28, and altercor, II.), Cic. Brut. 44, 164.

con-sūmo, sumpsi, sumptum, 3 ( perf. sync. consumpsti, Prop. 1, 3, 37; inf. consumpse, Lucr. 1, 234), v. a., to take wholly or completely, i. e.,

Lit.

In gen. (post-Aug. and rare):

vasti surgunt immensis torquibus orbes, tergaque consumunt pelagus,

take up, completely cover, Manil. 5, 584:

tela omnia solus pectore consumo,

Sil. 5, 640; cf.:

clipeo tela,

id. 10, 129:

jugulo ensem,

Stat. Th. 10, 813:

ferrum pectore,

id. ib. 12, 745; cf. id. Achill. 2, 205; Dig. 26, 7, 54.—

In partic., of food, to eat, consume, devour (class.):

agri multa efferunt quae vel statim consumantur vel mandentur condita vetustati,

Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 151:

frumenta,

Caes. B. G. 6, 43; cf. id. ib. 7, 17;

7, 77: fruges,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 27:

vitiatum (aprum),

id. S. 2, 2, 92:

angues,

Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:

draconem,

Suet. Tib. 72:

mensas accisis dapibus,

Verg. A. 7, 125 al. —

Transf.

In gen., to consume, devour, waste, squander, annihilate, destroy, bring to naught, kill.

Of inanimate things:

faciat quod lubet: Sumat, consumat, perdat,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 56; cf. Sall. C. 12, 2:

patrimonium per luxuriam,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

bona paterna,

Quint. 3, 11, 13; 3, 11, 16:

omnem materiam,

Ov. M. 8, 876: omne id aurum in ludos, Liv. 39, 5, 9; Val. Max. 3, 1, 1 fin.; cf. 2. b infra:

omnes fortunas sociorum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 11; cf.:

omnes opes et spes privatas meas,

Sall. H. Fragm. 2, 96, 2 Dietsch:

omnia flammā,

Caes. B. C. 2, 14; cf.:

aedes incendio,

Liv. 25, 7, 6:

domum incendio,

Suet. Calig. 59:

consumpturis viscera mea flammis,

Quint. 6, prooem. §

3: viscera fero morsu,

Ov. M. 4, 113:

anulum usu,

id. P. 4, 10, 5; cf.:

ferrum rubigine,

to eat, consume, Curt. 7, 8, 15.—Of time, to spend, pass:

horas multas saepe suavissimo sermone,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 5:

dicendo tempus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 39, § 96:

diem altercatione,

id. Fam. 1, 2, 1; id. Univ. 1 fin.; id. Fam. 7, 1, 1:

annua tempora,

Lucr. 5, 618:

consumitur vigiliis reliqua pars noctis,

Caes. B. G. 5, 31; id. B. C. 2, 23:

magnam partem diei,

id. B. G. 5, 9 fin.:

omne tempus,

Liv. 29, 33, 9; 24, 14, 10:

dies decem in his rebus,

Caes. B. G. 5, 11:

in eo studio aetatem,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 2:

tota nox in exinaniendā nave consumitur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 64; Caes. B. C. 2, 23, 1:

multos dies per dubitationem,

Sall. J. 62, 9; cf. Tac. H. 4, 43 fin.:

omne tempus circa Medeam,

id. Or. 3:

continuum biduum epulando potandoque,

Suet. Tib. 42: precando Tempora cum blandis verbis, to waste or lose time and words in supplications, Ov. M. 2, 575:

multis diebus et laboribus consumptis,

Sall. J. 93, 1:

ubi longa meae consumpsti tempora noctis?

Prop. 1, 3, 37.—Of strength, feeling, voice, etc.:

in quo tanta commoveri actio non posset, si esset consumpta superiore motu et exhausta,

Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 103:

adfectus,

Quint. 2, 13, 13; 4, 2, 120:

spiritus,

id. 11, 3, 53:

vocem instans metus,

Tac. H. 1, 42:

ignominiam,

id. ib. 3, 24:

gratiam rei nimiā captatione,

Quint. 8, 6, 51:

vires ipsā subtilitate,

id. 12, 2, 13:

bona ingenii,

id. 12, 5, 2; 3, 11, 23; cf. Sall. J. 25, 11.— Poet.: cum mare, cum terras consumpserit, aëra tentet, i. e.- seek a refuge therein in vain, Ov. H. 6, 161.—

Of living beings.

To destroy, kill:

si me vis aliqua morbi aut natura ipsa consumpsisset,

Cic. Planc. 37, 90; cf.:

quos fortuna belli consumpserat,

Sall. H. 1, 41, 5 Dietsch:

tantum exercitum fame,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20 fin.; so,

siti,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 41 fin.:

acie,

Vell. 2, 52, 5:

morte,

Tib. 1, 3, 55:

morbo,

Nep. Reg. 2, 1:

senio et maerore,

Liv. 40, 54, 1 al. —Facete:

garrulus hunc consumet,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 33.—

Rarely, to waste, weaken, enervate:

inediā et purgationibus et vi ipsius morbi consumptus es,

Cic. Fam. 16, 10, 1; cf. Ov. M. 9, 663;

and consumpta membra senectā,

id. ib. 14, 148.—

In partic.

To divide, make an exhaustive division of (very rare):

inventio in sex partis consumitur,

Auct. Her. 1, 3, 4.—

Aliquid in aliquā re, rar. in aliquid or absol. (in Cic. only with in and abl.; cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 5, 19, 53), to bestow upon something, to use, employ, spend upon or about something.

In aliquā re:

pecuniam in agrorum emptionibus,

to lay out, invest, Cic. Agr. 1, 5, 14:

aurum in monumento,

id. ib. 1, 4, 12; Nep. Timoth. 1, 2:

studium in virorum fortium factis memoriae prodendis,

Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 5; cf.:

in armis plurimum studii,

Nep. Epam. 2, 5:

tantum laboris in rebus falsis,

Quint. 12, 11, 15:

curam in re unā,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 48:

ingenium in musicis,

Cic. Fin. 5, 19, 50; cf. id. Phil. 5, 18, 49; id. Sest. 13, 31; Quint. 1, 2, 11.—

In aliquid (cf. the Gr. analiskein eis ti):

tota in dulces consument ubera natos,

Verg. G. 3, 178; Prop. 4 (5), 6, 55:

umorem in arbusta,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 11, 3:

bona paterna in opera publica,

Quint. 3, 11, 13:

pecuniam in monumentum,

Dig. 35, 1, 40 fin. —

Absol.:

si quid consili Habet, ut consumat nunc, quom nil obsint doli,

use up, exhaust, Ter. And. 1, 1, 133.

ex-stinguo ( ext-), nxi, nctum, 3 (archaic perf. subj. exstinxit, for exstinxerit, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 43.—Contracted forms exstinxsti, Verg. A. 4, 682; Pac. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 46, 193;

and exstinxem,

Verg. A. 4, 606), v. a., to put out what is burning, to quench, extinguish (class.; esp. freq. in Cic. and in the trop. signif.).

Lit.:

recens exstinctum lumen,

Lucr. 6, 791:

exstincta lumina,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 2:

faces,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 228:

lucernam,

id. 31, 3, 28, § 49; cf.:

senes mori sic videntur ut sua sponte nulla adhibita vi consumptus ignis exstinguitur,

goes out, Cic. de Sen. 19, 71:

ignem,

Ov. F. 2, 712:

incendium,

Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 2:

sol exstinguitur,

id. Rep. 6, 22: exstincto calore ipsi exstinguimur, id. N. D. 2, 9, 23:

calx exstincta,

i. e. slaked, Vitr. 2, 5.—

Transf., to deprive of life or strength, to kill, destroy:

animam alicui,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 16:

nolite, hunc jam natura ipsa occidentem velle maturius exstingui vulnere vestro,

Cic. Cael. 32, 79; cf. id. N. D. 2, 9, 23:

juvenem fortuna morbo exstinxit,

Liv. 8, 3, 7:

vir egregius exstinctus,

cut off, Cic. Brut. 1, 1; id. Rep. 6, 14; Verg. E. 5, 20; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 14; Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 25; Tac. A. 3, 7 et saep.:

rapitur miser exstinguendus Messalinae oculis,

Juv. 10, 332:

vel modico tepore sucus exstinguitur,

i. e. is dried up, Curt. 6, 4, 11:

mammas,

Plin. 23, 2, 32, § 67:

odorem alii,

to destroy, id. 19, 6, 34, § 113:

venena,

to render powerless, id. 20, 17, 69, § 179: aquam Albanam dissipatam rivis, to consume, get rid of, an old prophecy in Liv. 5, 16, 9.—

Trop., to abolish, destroy, annihilate, annul (syn.: tollo, deleo, opprimo, diruo, everto, demolior, destruo;

opp. inflammo): tyrannis institutis leges omnes exstinguuntur atque tolluntur,

Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 5:

ea, quae antea scripserat,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 172:

improbitas exstinguenda atque delenda est,

id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 26:

potentiam exstinguere atque opprimere,

id. Rosc. Am. 13, 36;

but also distinguished from opprimere: ut exstinctae potius amicitiae quam oppressae esse videantur,

extinct, id. Lael. 21, 78:

ad sensus animorum atque motus vel inflammandos vel etiam exstinguendos,

id. de Or. 1, 14, 60:

sermo omnis ille oblivione posteritatis extinguitur,

id. Rep. 6, 23 fin.; cf.:

exstinctis rumoribus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 60 fin.:

ad ejus salutem exstinguendam,

Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

nomen populi Romani,

id. Cat. 4, 4, 7:

superiorem gloriam rei militaris,

Caes. B. G. 5, 29, 4:

memoriam publicam,

Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

gratiam,

id. Fam. 1, 1, 4:

familiaritates,

id. Lael. 10, 35:

invidiam,

id. Balb. 6, 16:

infamiam,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 168: causam nascentem dissensionis, Matius in Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

consuetudinem,

Cic. Cael. 25, 61:

reliquias belli,

id. Fam. 10, 25, 1:

bellum civile,

Plin. 7, 26, 27, § 96:

jus pignoris,

Dig. 20, 1, 9; cf.

fideicommissum,

ib. 32, 1, 11:

actionem,

ib. 47, 2, 42 al.

ex-stinguo ( ext-), nxi, nctum, 3 (archaic perf. subj. exstinxit, for exstinxerit, Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 43.—Contracted forms exstinxsti, Verg. A. 4, 682; Pac. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 46, 193;

and exstinxem,

Verg. A. 4, 606), v. a., to put out what is burning, to quench, extinguish (class.; esp. freq. in Cic. and in the trop. signif.).

Lit.:

recens exstinctum lumen,

Lucr. 6, 791:

exstincta lumina,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 2:

faces,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 228:

lucernam,

id. 31, 3, 28, § 49; cf.:

senes mori sic videntur ut sua sponte nulla adhibita vi consumptus ignis exstinguitur,

goes out, Cic. de Sen. 19, 71:

ignem,

Ov. F. 2, 712:

incendium,

Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 2:

sol exstinguitur,

id. Rep. 6, 22: exstincto calore ipsi exstinguimur, id. N. D. 2, 9, 23:

calx exstincta,

i. e. slaked, Vitr. 2, 5.—

Transf., to deprive of life or strength, to kill, destroy:

animam alicui,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 16:

nolite, hunc jam natura ipsa occidentem velle maturius exstingui vulnere vestro,

Cic. Cael. 32, 79; cf. id. N. D. 2, 9, 23:

juvenem fortuna morbo exstinxit,

Liv. 8, 3, 7:

vir egregius exstinctus,

cut off, Cic. Brut. 1, 1; id. Rep. 6, 14; Verg. E. 5, 20; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 14; Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 25; Tac. A. 3, 7 et saep.:

rapitur miser exstinguendus Messalinae oculis,

Juv. 10, 332:

vel modico tepore sucus exstinguitur,

i. e. is dried up, Curt. 6, 4, 11:

mammas,

Plin. 23, 2, 32, § 67:

odorem alii,

to destroy, id. 19, 6, 34, § 113:

venena,

to render powerless, id. 20, 17, 69, § 179: aquam Albanam dissipatam rivis, to consume, get rid of, an old prophecy in Liv. 5, 16, 9.—

Trop., to abolish, destroy, annihilate, annul (syn.: tollo, deleo, opprimo, diruo, everto, demolior, destruo;

opp. inflammo): tyrannis institutis leges omnes exstinguuntur atque tolluntur,

Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 5:

ea, quae antea scripserat,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 172:

improbitas exstinguenda atque delenda est,

id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 26:

potentiam exstinguere atque opprimere,

id. Rosc. Am. 13, 36;

but also distinguished from opprimere: ut exstinctae potius amicitiae quam oppressae esse videantur,

extinct, id. Lael. 21, 78:

ad sensus animorum atque motus vel inflammandos vel etiam exstinguendos,

id. de Or. 1, 14, 60:

sermo omnis ille oblivione posteritatis extinguitur,

id. Rep. 6, 23 fin.; cf.:

exstinctis rumoribus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 60 fin.:

ad ejus salutem exstinguendam,

Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

nomen populi Romani,

id. Cat. 4, 4, 7:

superiorem gloriam rei militaris,

Caes. B. G. 5, 29, 4:

memoriam publicam,

Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

gratiam,

id. Fam. 1, 1, 4:

familiaritates,

id. Lael. 10, 35:

invidiam,

id. Balb. 6, 16:

infamiam,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 168: causam nascentem dissensionis, Matius in Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

consuetudinem,

Cic. Cael. 25, 61:

reliquias belli,

id. Fam. 10, 25, 1:

bellum civile,

Plin. 7, 26, 27, § 96:

jus pignoris,

Dig. 20, 1, 9; cf.

fideicommissum,

ib. 32, 1, 11:

actionem,

ib. 47, 2, 42 al.

lātus, a, um, adj. [old Lat. stlātus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 313; Sanscr. root star-, strnāmi = sterno; Gr. stor- in stornumi, stratos; Lat. sterno, stratus, torus; cf. strāges, struo; not connected with platus, nor with 3. lātus = tlêtos], broad, wide.

Lit.:

fossa,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59:

mare,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 46, § 103:

via,

id. ib. 2, 4, 53, §

119: agri,

id. Rep. 5, 2, 3:

clavus,

Quint. 11, 3, 138 (v. clavus):

umeri,

Verg. A. 9, 725; cf.:

artus barbarorum,

Tac. A. 2, 21:

lati et lacertosi viri,

broad-shouldered, Col. 1, 9, 4; Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 21:

rana bove latior,

Phaedr. 1, 24, 5:

palus non latior pedibus quinquaginta,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19:

latissimum flumen,

id. ib. 2, 27:

latissimae solitudines,

id. ib. 6, 22:

comesse panem tris pedes latum,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 1, 8:

fossae quindecim pedes latae,

Caes. B. G. 7, 72:

areas latas pedum denum facito,

Col. 2, 10, 26:

populi,

Verg. A. 1, 225:

moenia lata videt,

id. ib. 6, 549:

latis otia fundis,

id. G. 2, 468: ne latos fines parare studeant. Caes. B. G. 6, 21:

ager,

Liv. 23, 46:

orbis,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 57:

terrae,

Ov. M. 2, 307:

lata Polyphemi acies,

wide eye, Juv. 9, 64.— Neutr. absol.:

crescere in latum,

to increase in width, widen, Ov. M. 1, 336.— Absol.:

per latum,

Vulg. Ezech. 46, 22:

in lato pedum centum,

Lampr. Alex. Sev. 26, 7.—

Transf., poet., for proud, swelling (cf. Eng. vulg. spreading):

latus ut in circo spatiere,

that you may stalk along largely, proudly, Hor. S. 2, 3, 183:

lati incesserunt et cothurnati (histriones),

Sen. Ep. 76, 31. —

Trop.

In gen., broad, wide, wide-spread, extended (mostly post-Aug.):

vox,

Quint. 11, 3, 82; cf.:

verba,

pronounced broadly, Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46:

gloria,

widespread, Plin. Ep. 4, 12, 7:

lato Murrus caligat in hoste,

Sil. 1, 499:

interpretatio,

broad, not strict, lenient, Dig. 22, 1, 1:

culpa,

great, ib. 50, 16, 213; 11, 6, 1 fin.:

fuga,

a kind of banishment, whereby all places are forbidden to the exile but one, ib. 48, 22, 5.—

In partic., of style, diffuse, detailed, copious, prolix:

oratio Academicorum liberior et latior (opp. Stoicorum oratio astrictior et contractior),

Cic. Brut. 31, 120:

latum atque fusum,

Quint. 11, 3, 50:

latiore varioque tractatu,

id. 7, 3, 16:

latiore quadam comprehensione,

id. 2, 5, 14:

genus orandi latum et sonans,

Tac. H. 1, 90:

Aeschines his latior et audentior,

Quint. 12, 10, 23.— Hence, adv.: lātē, broadly, widely, extensively; with longe, on all sides, far and wide, everywhere.

Lit.:

late longeque diffusus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 12, 34:

omnibus longe lateque aedificiis incensis,

Caes. B. G. 4, 35:

minus late vagari,

id. ib. 1, 2:

regnare,

Just. 13, 7:

populus late rex,

Verg. A. 1, 21; cf.:

diu Lateque victrix,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 23:

cladem inferre,

Tac. H. 3, 23.— Comp.:

latius demum operaest pretium ivisse,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 156:

itaque latius quam caedebatur ruebat (murus),

Liv. 21, 11:

possidere (agros),

Ov. M. 5, 131:

metui,

Tac. A. 12, 43. — Sup.:

ager latissime continuatus,

Cic. Agr. 2, 26, 70:

quam latissime possint, ignes faciant,

Nep. Eum. 9, 3.—

Trop.: ars late patet, widely. Cic. de Or. 1, 55, 235:

Phrygiae late refer primordia gentis,

Ov. H. 17, 57.— Comp.:

latius loquuntur rhetores, dialectici compressius,

Cic. Fin. 2, 6, 17: quod [p. 1042] pateat latius, of rather extensive application, Cic. Off. 3, 4, 19:

latius perscribere,

Caes. B. C. 2, 17:

uti opibus,

more lavishly, Hor. S. 2, 2, 113.— Sup.:

fidei bonae nomen latissime manat,

Cic. Off. 3, 17, 70:

latissime patere,

id. ib. 3, 17, 69.

lătus, ĕris, n. [cf. Gr. platus; Lat. lăter, Latium, plautus or plotus], the side, flank of men or animals.

Lit.:

ego vostra faciam latera lorea,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 2: quid conminatu's mihi? Con. Istud male factum arbitror, quia non latus fodi, id. Aul. 3, 2, 4:

occidisse ex equo dicitur, et latus offendisse vehementer,

Cic. Clu. 62, 175:

cujus latus ille mucro petebat,

id. Lig. 3, 9:

laterique accommodat ensem,

Verg. A. 2, 393; Quint. 2, 13, 12; 11, 3, 69; 118:

laterum inclinatione forti ac virili,

id. 1, 11, 18: vellere latus digitis, to twitch one by the side (in order to attract attention), Ov. A. A. 1, 606; cf.:

si tetigit latus acrior,

Juv. 7, 109:

tum latus ei dicenti condoluisse... dieque septimo est lateris dolore consumptus,

pleurisy, Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6; so,

lateris dolor,

Cato, R. R. 125; Cels. 2, 7; 8; Plin. 21, 21, 89, § 155:

lateris vigili cum febre dolor,

Juv. 13, 229; cf.:

laterum dolor aut tussis,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 32: artifices lateris, i. e. those who make skilful side movements or evolutions, ballet-dancers, Ov. A. A. 3, 351:

latus tegere alicui,

to walk by the side of one, Hor. S. 2, 5, 18:

claudere alicui,

Juv. 3, 131; and:

mares inter se uxoresque contendunt, uter det latus illis (sc. pantomimis),

Sen. Q. N. 7, 32, 3.—Of animals:

equorum,

Lucr. 5, 1324:

cujus (equi aënei) in lateribus fores essent,

Cic. Off. 3, 9, 38.—

Of orators, the lungs:

lateribus aut clamore contendere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 255:

quae vox, quae latera, quae vires, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 30, § 67:

ut lateris conatus sit ille, non capitis,

Quint. 1, 11, 8; cf.:

lateris pectorisve firmitas an capitis etiam plus adjuvet,

id. 11, 3, 16; so id. 11, 3, 40:

dum vox ac latus praeparetur,

id. 10, 7, 2; 11, 3, 13:

voce, latere, firmitate (constat orator),

id. 12, 11, 2:

neque enim ex te umquam es nobilitatus, sed ex lateribus et lacertis tuis,

Cic. de Sen. 9, 27:

cum legem Voconiam voce magna et bonis lateribus suasissem,

id. ib. 5, 14:

illa adhuc audaciora et majorum, ut Cicero existimat, laterum,

Quint. 9, 1, 29.—

Poet., in mal. part., Lucil. ap. Non. 260, 30; Ov. H. 2, 58; 19, 138; Prop. 2, 2, 12:

lateri parcere,

Juv. 6, 37.—

Transf., in gen.

The side, flank, lateral surface of a thing (opp. frons and tergum;

v. h. vv.): collis ex utraque parte lateris dejectus habebat et in frontem leniter fastigatus paulatim ad planiciem redibat,

on each side, Caes. B. G. 2, 8; cf. Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 202:

terra angusta verticibus, lateribus latior,

Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 21:

latus unum castrorum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

insula, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

id. ib. 5, 13:

et (Fibrenus) divisus aequaliter in duas partis latera haec (insulae) adluit,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6.—Of a maritime country, the coast, seaboard:

Illyricum,

Juv. 8, 117:

castelli,

Sall. J. 93:

tum prora avertit et undis Dat latus,

the ship's side, Verg. A. 1, 105:

ubi pulsarunt acres latera ardua fluctus,

Ov. M. 11, 529:

nudum remigio,

Hor. C. 1, 14, 4; id. Epod. 10, 3:

dextrum (domus),

id. Ep. 1, 16, 6:

mundi,

id. C. 1, 22, 19:

crystallus sexangulis nascitur lateribus,

surfaces, Plin. 37, 2, 9, § 26.—Of an army, the flank, Tac. Agr. 35:

reliquos equites ad latera disponit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 7:

ex itinere nostros latere aperto aggressi,

id. ib. 1, 25; cf. id. ib. 2, 23 fin.:

ad latus apertum hostium constitui,

id. ib. 4, 25:

ne simul in frontem, simul in latera, pugnaretur,

Tac. Agr. 35.—So in fighting: latus dare, to expose one's side or flank to the adversary, Val. Fl. 4, 304 (v. II. A. infra).—

Esp. freq.: a (ab) latere, on or at the side or flank; a or ab lateribus, on or at the sides or flanks (opp. a fronte, in front, before, and a tergo, at the back, behind):

a tergo, a fronte, a lateribus tenebitur,

Cic. Phil. 3, 13, 32:

a fronte atque ab utroque latere cratibus ac pluteis protegebat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 25 fin.; id. B. G. 2, 25:

ab omni latere securus,

Amm. 16, 9, 3:

ab latere aggredi,

Liv. 27, 48:

disjectos ab tergo aut lateribus circumveniebant,

Sall. J. 50 fin.:

ne quis inermibus militibus ab latere impetus fieri posset,

Caes. B. G. 3, 29:

Sulla profligatis iis, quos advorsum ierat, rediens ab latere Mauris incurrit,

Sall. J. 101, 8: si ex hac causa unda prorumperet, a lateribus undae circumfunderentur, Sen. Q. N. 6, 6, 4:

a lateribus, a fronte, quasi tria maria prospectat,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 5.—

Less freq. with ex:

latere ex utroque,

Lucr. 2, 1049:

ex lateribus aggredi aliquem,

Sall. C. 60:

tribus ex lateribus (locus) tegebatur,

Hirt. B. Alex. 28, 4:

ex alio latere cubiculum est politissimum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 10:

omni ex latere armorum molibus urgeri,

Amm. 19, 7, 7.—

With de:

de latere ire,

Lucr. 6, 117.—Without prep.:

alio latere,

Tac. A. 3, 74.—

Poet. (pars pro toto), the body:

penna latus vestit, tenet,

Ov. M. 2, 376:

nunc latus in fulvis niveum deponit harenis,

id. ib. 2, 865; cf. id. ib. 3, 23;

14, 710: forte,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 26:

fessum longā militiā,

id. C. 2, 7, 18:

credidit tauro latus,

id. ib. 3, 27, 26:

liminis aut aquae Caelestis patiens latus,

id. ib. 3, 10, 20.—

Trop.

In gen.: in latera atque in terga incurrere, to attack the sides, i. e. the unguarded points, Quint. 9, 1, 20:

aliena negotia centum Per caput et circa saliunt latus,

encompass on every side, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34:

ut a sems latere numquam discederem,

never left his side, Cic. Lael. 1, 1; cf.: aliquem lateri alicujus adjungere, to attach to his side, i. e. to give him for a companion, Quint. 1, 2, 5; so,

alicui latus dare, of a client,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 32, 3 (cf. B. 1. infra):

lateri adhaerere gravem dominum,

hung about them, threatened them, Liv. 39, 25:

Illyriorum rex, lateri ejus haerens, assiduis precibus promissa exigebat,

Just. 29, 4, 8; cf.:

Agathocles regis lateri junctus, civitatem regebat,

id. 30, 2, 5:

circumfusa turba lateri meo,

Liv. 6, 15.—Esp.:

sacpe dabis nudum latus,

expose, Tib. 1, 4, 52:

la. tus imperii nudum,

Flor. 3, 5, 4:

nec adulatoribus latus praebeas,

expose yourself, lay yourself open to, Sen. Q. N. 4 praef.: latere tecto abscedere, i. e safe, unharmed, Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 5:

hic fugit omnes Insidias nullique malo latus obdit apertum,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 59:

ex uno latere constat contractus,

on one side, Dig. 19, 1, 13 fin.; so ib. 3, 5, 5:

nulla ex utroque latere nascitur actio,

ib. 3, 5, 6, § 4.—

In partic.

To express intimacy, attachment:

latus alicui cingere,

to cling to, Liv. 32, 39, 8; esp. in the phrase: ab latere, at the side of, i. e. in intimate association with (rare, and perh. not ante-Aug.):

ab latere tyranni: addit eos ab latere tyranni,

Liv. 24, 5, 13; Curt. 3, 5, 15; cf.:

ille tuum, Castrice, dulce latus,

your constant associate, Mart. 6, 68, 4.—

Relationship, kindred, esp. collateral relationship (post-Aug.):

quibus (liberis) videor a meo tuoque latere pronum ad honores iter relicturus,

Plin. Ep. 8, 10, 3:

sunt et ex lateribus cognati ut fratres sororesque,

Dig. 38, 10, 10, § 8:

ex latere uxorem ducere,

ib. 23, 2, 68:

latus omne divinae domus,

Stat. S. 5 praef.: omnes personae cognatorum aut supra numerantur, aut infra, aut ex transverso, sive a latere... a latere, fratres et sorores, liberique eorum; item parentium fratres et sorores liberique eorum, (Ulp.) de Grad. Cogn. 2 ap. Huschke, Jurisp. Antejust. p. 530.

lātus, a, um, Part., v. fero.

sĕnĭum, ii, n. [seneo, II.].

Lit., the feebleness of age, decline, decay, debility (cf. senectus; class.): tardigemulo senio oppressum, Laev. ap. Gell. 19, 7, 3:

opus perfectum, quod omni morbo seniove careret,

Cic. Univ. 5 fin.; (with aegritudo) id. Tusc. 3, 12, 27; cf.:

senio debilis,

Phaedr. 3, epil. 16:

senio vel aliquā corporis labe insignes,

Suet. Aug. 38:

senio confectos gladiatores,

id. Calig. 26 fin.:

senium Galbae et juventa Othonis,

Tac. H. 1, 22:

principis,

id. ib. 2, 1:

curvata senio membra,

id. A. 1, 34:

fessus senio,

id. ib. 2, 42:

fluxa senio mens,

id. ib. 6, 38; cf.:

torpor mentis ac senium,

Sen. Ben. 7, 26, 4; Sil. 16, 14:

ita se ipse (mundus) consumptione et senio alebat sui,

by its own consumption and decay, Cic. Univ. 6:

lunae,

i. e. waning, Plin. 7, 48, 49, § 155:

lentae velut tabis,

Liv. 7, 22, 5:

senium repellere templis,

decay, Sil. 3, 20:

senium defendere famae,

the growing old, passing away, Stat. Th. 9, 318:

passus est leges istas situ atque senio emori,

Gell. 20, 1, 10.—

Transf.

Concr., an old man, old fellow (very rare; anteclass. as an epithet of abuse): senex ad aetatem refertur, senium ad convicium. Sic Lucilius ait: At quidem te senium atque insulse sophista, Don. ad Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 11. And on account of its personal signif. with a masc. pron.: ut illum di deaeque senium perdant, qui hodie me remoratus est, Ter. l. l. (cf. scortum, II. fin.).—Once in Silius, without an odious access. signif., for senex, Sil. 8, 467.—

(Effectus pro causā.) Peevishness, moroseness; vexation, chagrin, mortification; grief, trouble, affliction produced by decay (syn.: maeror, aegritudo, etc.; class.): mors amici subigit, quae mihi est senium multo acerrimum, Att. ap. Non. 2, 23:

hae res mihi dividiae et senio sunt,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 19; cf.:

id illi senio est,

id. Truc. 2, 5, 13: odio ac senio mihi nuptiae, Turp. ap. Non. 2, 33:

luget senatus, maeret equester ordo, tota civitas confecta senio est,

Cic. Mil. 8, 20:

senio et maerore consumptus,

Liv. 40, 54; Pers. 6, 16:

surge et inhumanae senium depone Camenae,

peevishness, moroseness, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 47; cf.:

triste morum,

Sen. Hippol. 917:

en pallor seniumque!

Pers. 1, 26.— Plur.: quot pestes, senia et jurgia emigrarunt, Titin. ap. Non. 2, 18.

de Or. 3, 38, 154, are doubtless corrupt; v. Orell. and Ellendt ad loc.

sponte, abl., and spontis, gen. (perh. the only cases in use of a noun spons, assumed by Charis. p. 34 P., and Aus. Idyll. 12, 8, 11, as nom. But ad spontem is Müller's reading, Varr. L. L. 6, 7, 72, for a sponte), f. [spondeo; prop. a pledging of one's self to a thing; hence, opp. to external necessity or inducement, of free will, of one's own accord].

Sponte, in good prose always joined with meā, tuā, suā ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; also absol. or with gen.), of free will, of one's own accord, of one's self, freely, willingly, voluntarily, spontaneously (syn. ultro):

sponte valet a voluntate,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 69 Müll.:

si imprudenter aut necessitate aut casu quippiam fecerit, quod non concederetur iis, qui suā sponte et voluntate fecissent,

Cic. Part. Or. 37, 131:

tuo judicio et tuā sponte facere,

id. Fam. 9, 14, 2; cf.:

Galliam totam hortatur ad bellum, ipsam suā sponte suoque judicio excitatam,

id. Phil. 4, 3, 8:

potius consuefacere filium, Suā sponte recte facere quam alieno metu,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 50:

si hic non insanit satis suā sponte, instiga,

id. And. 4, 2, 9:

ut id suā sponte facerent, quod cogerentur facere legibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3:

meā sponte (opp. invitatu tuo),

id. Fam. 7, 5, 2:

meā sponte (opp. monente et denuntiante te),

id. ib. 4, 3, 1:

non solum a me provocatus, sed etiam suā sponte,

id. ib. 1, 7, 3:

transisse Rhenum sese non suā sponte, sed rogatum et arcessitum a Gallis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

et suā sponte multi in disciplinam conveniunt et a parentibus propinquisque mittuntur,

id. ib. 6, 14:

sive ipse sponte suā, sive senatusconsulto accitus,

Liv. 10, 25, 12:

quaesitum est, praecipitata esset ab eo uxor, an se ipsa suā sponte jecisset,

Quint. 7, 2, 24:

gaudeo id te mihi suadere, quod ego meā sponte pridie feceram,

Cic. Att. 15, 27: sponte ipsam suāpte adductam, Lucil. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 69 Müll.:

me si fata meis paterentur ducere vitam Auspiciis et sponte meā componere curas,

Verg. A. 4, 341:

interim sponte nostrā velut donantes,

Quint. 3, 6, 8.—Sometimes propriā for suā (late Lat.):

sponte se propriā dederunt,

Amm. 17, 2, 3:

Richomeres se sponte obtulit propriā,

id. 31, 12, 15.—

Absol.:

Italiam non sponte sequor,

Verg. A. 4, 361:

sponte properant,

Ov. M. 11, 486:

odio tyrannidis exsul Sponte erat,

id. ib. 15, 62:

sponte en ultroque peremptus,

Stat. Th. 10, 809; cf.:

multitudo sponte et ultro confluens,

Suet. Caes. 16:

nec illum sponte exstinctum,

Tac. A. 3, 16:

sponte judicioque plaudere,

Quint. 8, 3, 4:

opto ut ea potissimum jubear, quae me deceat vel sponte fecisse,

Plin. Ep. 6, 29, 11: equites Romani natalem ejus sponte atque consensu biduo semper celebrarunt, Suet. Aug. 57.—

With gen.:

sponte deūm,

according to the will of the gods, Luc. 1, 234 Cort.:

sponte ducum,

id. 1, 99:

sponte deorum,

id. 5, 136; Val. Fl. 4, 358:

naturae,

Plin. 7, prooem. 1, § 4; 9, 51, 74, § 160; 11, 49, 110, § 263; 14, 4, 6, § 53; Sil. 14, 153:

principis,

Tac. A. 2, 59:

Caesaris,

id. ib. 6, 31:

praefecti,

id. ib. 4, 7:

incolarum,

id. ib. 4, 51:

litigatoris,

id. ib. 13, 42; 7, 51; id. H. 4, 19; Curt. 4, 1, 16.—

Very rarely with a prep.: de tuā sponte, Cotta ap. Charis. p. 195 P.:

a sponte,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 69 Müll.; cf. § 71 sqq. ib.—

Transf., of one's own will or agency (opp. to foreign participation or assistance), by one's self, without the aid of others, alone (rare but class.):

nequeo Pedibus meā sponte ambulare,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 46:

nec suā sponte, sed eorum auxilio,

Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

cum oppidani autem etiam suā sponte Caesarem recipere conarentur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 11 fin.:

his cum suā sponte persuadere non possent, legatos ad Dumnorigem mittunt, ut eo deprecatore a Sequanis impetrarent,

id. B. G. 1, 9:

civitatem ignobilem atque humilem Eburonum suā sponte populo Romano bellum facere ausam, vix erat credendum,

id. ib. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 65:

judicium quod Verres suā sponte instituisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 111:

cum illa civitas cum Poenis suo nomine ac suā sponte bellaret,

id. ib. 2, 4, 33, §

72: ecquis Volcatio si suā sponte venisset, unam libellam dedisset?

id. ib. 2, 2, 10, § 26.—

Of things concr. and abstr., of itself, spontaneously:

is autem ardor non alieno impulsu sed suā sponte movetur, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32:

ut cum suā sponte nullā adhibitā vi, consumptus ignis exstinguitur,

id. Sen. 19, 71:

natura videtur Ipsa suā per se sponte omnia dis agere expers,

Lucr. 2, 1092:

aliae (arbores) nullis hominum cogentibus ipsae Sponte suā veniunt,

Verg. G. 2, 11; cf.:

stellae sponte suā jussaene vagentur et errent,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 17:

sapientem suā sponte ac per se bonitas et justitia delectat,

Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26:

res quae suā sponte scelerata est,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 108; id. Or. 32, 115:

justitium in foro suā sponte coeptum prius quam indictum,

Liv. 9, 7, 8:

clamor suā sponte ortus,

id. 9, 41, 17:

id suā sponte ap parebat,

id. 22, 38, 13:

de capite signum in manum sponte suā delapsum,

id. 27, 11, 3 ex loco superiore, qui prope suā sponte in hostem inferebat, id. 5, 43, 3:

quod terra crearat Sponte suā,

Lucr. 5, 938:

sponte suā quae fiunt aëre in ipso,

id. 4, 738:

ut vera et falsa suā sponte, non alienā judicantur,

Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 45:

te Sponte suā probitas officiumque juvat,

Ov. P. 2, 3, 34:

sponte deae munus promeritumque patet (i. e. sine indice),

id. F. 4, 394.—Very rarely with quādam: litterae syllabaeque... orationem sponte quādam sequantur, Quint 5, 10, 125. —

Absol.:

ut numeri sponte fluxisse videantur,

Quint. 9, 4, 147.—

spontis, only in the phrase suae spontis (esse).

To be one's own master, at one's own disposal (very rare and mostly post-Aug.;

not in Cic. or Cæs.): quod suae spontis statuerant finem,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 71 Müll.:

sanus homo, qui suae spontis est, nullis obligare se legibus debet,

Cels. 1, 1.—

In Columella, of things, = suā sponte, of itself, spontaneously:

altera (cytisus est) suae spontis,

springs up spontaneously, Col. 9, 4, 2:

ubi loci natura neque manu illatam neque suae spontis aquam ministrari patitur,

id. 11, 3, 10.

verbum, i ( gen. plur. verbūm, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 1; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 37; id. Truc. 2, 8, 14), n. [from the root er; Gr. ERô, whence eirô and rhêma, what is spoken or said; cf. Goth. vaurd; Germ. Wort; Engl. word], a word; plur., words, expressions, language, discourse, conversation, etc. (cf.: vox, vocabulum).

In gen.:

verbum nullum fecit,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 58:

si ullum verbum faxo,

id. Men. 1, 2, 47:

qui verbum numquam in publico fecerunt,

Cic. Brut. 78, 270; so,

facere,

to talk, chat, discourse, converse, id. Verr. 2, 4, 65, § 147; id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27; id. Planc. 8, 20 al.:

spissum istud amanti est verbum veniet, nisi venit,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 77; cf. id. Most. 5, 1, 2:

videtis hoc uno verbo unde significari res duas et ex quo et a quo loco,

Cic. Caecin. 30, 88:

verbum voluptatis,

id. Fin. 2, 23, 75 (for which:

vox voluptatis,

id. ib. 2, 2, 6); cf.:

libenter verbo utor Catonis (i. e. origines),

id. Rep. 2, 1, 3:

verbum usitatius et tritius,

id. Ac. 1, 7, 27:

verbum scribere... verbi litterae,

id. de Or. 2, 30, 130:

nec vero ullum (verbum) aut durum aut insolens, aut humile aut longius ductum, etc.,

id. Brut. 79, 274: si pudor, si modestia, si pudicitia, si uno verbo temperantia (literally, in one word; cf. B. 2. infra), id. Fin. 2, 22, 73.— Plur.:

verba rebus impressit,

Cic. Rep. 3, 2, 3:

in quo etiam verbis ac nominibus ipsis fuit diligens (Servius Tullius),

id. ib. 2, 22, 40:

quid verbis opu'st?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 289:

haec plurimis a me verbis dicta sunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:

verba facere,

to speak, Caes. B. G. 2, 14: contumelia verborum, insulting or abusive language, id. ib. 5, 58:

ut verbis, quid sit, definiam,

Cic. Rep. 1, 24, 38:

verba ponenda sunt, quae vim habeant illustrandi, nec ab usu sint abhorrentia, grandia, plena, sonantia, etc.,

id. Part. Or. 15, 53:

dialecticorum verba nulla sunt publica: suis utuntur,

id. Ac. 1, 7, 25:

verborum delectum originem esse eloquentiae,

id. Brut. 72, 253 et saep.:

multis verbis ultro citroque habitis ille nobis est consumptus dies,

much talk on both sides, id. Rep. 6, 9, 9; cf. id. ib. 3, 4, 7: accusabat Canutius Scamandrum verbis tribus, venenum esse deprehensum (literally, in three words; cf. B. 2. b. infra), Cic. Clu. 18, 50.—Prov.: verba facit emortuo, he talks to the dead, i. e. in vain, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 18;

for which: verba fiunt mortuo,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 26.—

Adverbial phrases.

Ad verbum, verbum e (de, pro), verbo, or simply verbum verbo, to a word, word for word, exactly, literally (Cic. uses verbum e or ex verbo where the exact equivalent of a single word is given; verbum pro verbo of the literal translation of a passage; v. infra):

fabellae Latinae ad verbum de Graecis expressae,

Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 30 fin.:

ediscere ad verbum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 157:

ea quae modo expressa ad verbum dixi,

id. Tusc. 3, 19, 44:

somnium mirifice ad verbum cum re convenit,

id. Div. 1, 44, 99: quae Graeci pathê appellant:

ego poteram morbos, et id verbum esset e verbo,

id. Tusc. 3, 4, 7: istam katalêpsin, quam, ut dixi, verbum e verbo exprimentes, comprehensionem dicemus, id. Ac. 2, 10, 31; id. Fin. 3, 4, 15; id. Top. 8, 35; id. Ac. 2, 6, 17:

verbum de verbo expressum extulit,

Ter. Ad. prol. 11:

verbum pro verbo reddere,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 5, 14:

nec verbum verbo curabis reddere fidus Interpres,

Hor. A. P. 133; cf.: ea sine scripto eisdem verbis reddebat, quibus cogitaverat, Cic. Brut. 88, 301.—

Verbi causā or gratiā, for the sake of example, for example, for instance:

si quis, verbi causā, oriente Caniculā natus est,

Cic. Fat. 6, 12: M. Quid dicis igitur! A. Miserum esse verbi causā M. Crassum, id. Tusc. 1, 4, 12; id. Mil. 22, 60:

qui verbi causā post mortem amici liberos ejus custodiant,

Auct. Her. 4, 47, 60:

ut propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratiā propter voluptatem, nos amemus,

Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—

Uno verbo, or tribus verbis, or paucis verbis, in one word, in a word, briefly.

Quin tu uno verbo dic, quid est quod me velis, Ter. And. 1, 1, 18; Cato, R. R. 157, 7:

praetores, praetorios, tribunos plebis, magnam partem senatūs, omnem subolem juventutis unoque verbo rem publicam expulsam atque extirminatam suis sedibus,

Cic. Phil. 2, 22, 54.—

Pa. Brevin' an longinquo sermoni? Mi. Tribus verbis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 30:

pax, te tribus verbis volo,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 121.—

Sed paucis verbis te volo, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 22; cf.:

verbis paucis quam cito Alium fecisti me,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 123; cf. also paucus, II. B.—

Verbo.

Orally, by word of mouth (opp. scripturā): C. Furnio plura verbo quam scripturā mandata dedimus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 5:

cui verbo mandabo, quid, etc.,

Vulc. Gall. Avid. Cass. 10, § 10.—

Briefly, in a word:

postquam Caesar dicendi finem fecit, ceteri verbo alius alii varie adsentiebantur,

Sall. C. 52, 1:

aut verbo adsentiebatur, aut pedibus in sententiam ibat,

Liv. 27, 34, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.; 3, 40, 6; cf. also: rogatus a me etiamne majus quam dedecus, verbo de sententiā destitisti, at a word from me, Cic. Tusc. 2, 12, 28 Ernest. ad loc.—

Meis, tuis, suis verbis, in my, thy, or his name; for me, thee, or him:

gratum mihi feceris, si uxori tuae meis verbis eris gratulatus,

Cic. Fam. 15, 8; 5, 11, 2; id. Att. 16, 11, 8:

anulum quem ego militi darem tuis verbis,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 38; id. Bacch. 4, 4, 79:

denuntiatum Fabio senatus verbis, ne, etc.,

Liv. 9, 36, 14.

In partic.

Verbum, in the sing.

Of an entire clause, a saying, expression, phrase, sentence (mostly anteclass.; cf.: sententia, dictum): Me. Plus plusque istuc sospitent quod nunc habes. Eu. Illud mihi verbum non placet:

quod nunc habes!

Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 11; id. Cas. 2, 5, 39; id. Most. 1, 3, 18; 1, 3, 95; 1, 3, 139; Ter. And. 1, 5, 5; id. Eun. 1, 2, 95; id. Ad. 5, 8, 29.—

Of a proverb:

verum est verbum, quod memoratur: ubi amici, ibidem opus,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 32; so id. ib. 4, 5, 39; Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 17:

quod verbum in pectus Jugurthae altius quam quisquam ratus erat descendit,

Sall. J. 11, 7.—

Pregn., mere talk, mere words (opp. to deed, fact, reality, etc.; cf.

nomen): qui omnia verborum momentis, non rerum ponderibus examinet,

Cic. Rep. 3, 8, 12; cf.:

verbo et simulatione (opp. re verā),

id. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 133; v. res: dolor est malum, ut disputas;

existimatio, dedecus, infamia verba sunt atque ineptiae,

empty words, id. Pis. 27, 65:

verborum sonitus inanis,

id. de Or. 1, 12, 51:

in quibus (civitatibus) verbo sunt liberi omnes?

in word, in name, id. Rep. 1, 31, 47. —Hence, verba dare (alicui), to give empty words, i. e. to deceive, cheat:

cui verba dare difficile est,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 6:

vel verba mihi dari facile patior in hoc, meque libenter praebeo credulum,

Cic. Att. 15, 16, A: descendit atque Gallis verba dedit, i. e. eluded, escaped from them, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 24:

curis dare verba,

i. e. to beguile, drive away, Ov. Tr. 5, 7, 40.—

In gram., a verb:

Aristoteles orationis duas partes esse dicit, vocabula et verba, ut homo et equus, et legit et currit, etc.,

Varr. L. L. 8, § 11 sq. Müll.; 9, § 95; 10, § 77 al.; Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 191.—

In eccl. Lat. as a translation of logos, the second person of the Trinity, Vulg. Joan. 1, 1; id. 1 Joan. 5, 7; id. Apoc. 19, 13.