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41 João VI, king
(1767-1826)The second son of Queen Maria I and King-Consort Dom Pedro III, João was proclaimed heir to the throne in 1788, following the untimely death of his older brother Dom José.Although unprepared for the role, he was destined to rule Portugal during one of the country's most turbulent and difficult eras. His mother went insane in 1792, so Prince João had to assume greater responsibilities of governance. In 1799, he was officially named regent, but he was proclaimed king only upon his mother's death in 1816. By nature amiable and tolerant, he presided over a regime that was supposedly absolutist in an age of revolution. His reign occurred during the French Revolution and its many international consequences: Napoleon's invasion and conquest of Portugal; the flight of the royal family and court of Portugal by sea to Brazil in 1808, where they remained until 1821; civil strife in Portugal between constitutional monarchists and absolutists; and the independence of Brazil in 1822, a great blow against Portugal's overseas empire. When, in 1821, King João was obliged to return to Portugal after residing in Brazil for 13 years, he was forced to accept a constitution, which limited royal powers. A seesaw conflict between constitutionalists and absolutists, the latter faction led by his son, Prince Miguel and his Spanish wife, Carlota Joaquina, and the intervention of the military on behalf of one faction or another marked this turbulent era. When King João died in 1826, Portugal faced an uncertain political future as the country struggled to adjust to the new era of constitutional monarchy and liberal politics, following the nearly catastrophic loss of the richest overseas colony, Brazil. -
42 междоусобица
жен.;
ист. civil/intestine/internecine dissension/war;
civil/intestine strifeмеждоусоб|ица - ж. internecine war;
~ный internecine.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > междоусобица
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43 discord
̘. ̈n.ˈdɪskɔ:d
1. сущ.
1) разногласие, несовпадение, расхождение( во взглядах) (among, between), противоречие to arouse, generate, stir up discord ≈ вносить разлад/раздор to spread discord ≈ сеять вражду domestic, family discord ≈ семейная свара discord in one's family relationships ≈ семейные склоки Syn: controversy, dissension, variance б) борьба, раздор, спор (как фактическое проявление разногласий) Syn: strife, conflict, contention
2) а) резкий шум;
режущие ухо звуки б) муз. диссонанс, неблагозвучие Syn: dissonance
2. гл.
1) не совпадать, расходиться( во взглядах, мнениях) (with, from) ;
противоречить (один другому) The opinion that the speaker has just expressed discords with/from the principles of this society. ≈ Мнение, которое сейчас высказал докладчик, расходится с принципами общества. Syn: disagree, clash
2) муз. звучать диссонансом разногласие;
разлад, несогласие - civil * междоусобие, междоусобица - to bring * into a family внести в семью разлад шум, нестройные звуки (музыкальное) неблагозвучие, диссонанс расходиться (во мнениях) ;
не соглашаться - to * with smb. on two points разойтись с кем-л. во мнениях по двум вопросам не соответствовать, не гармонировать( музыкальное) звучать диссонансом discord дисгармонировать;
не соответствовать ~ муз. диссонанс ~ муз. звучать диссонансом ~ разногласие, разлад;
раздоры;
to sow discord сеять вражду ~ расходиться во взглядах, мнениях ( with, from) ~ шум;
резкие звуки ~ разногласие, разлад;
раздоры;
to sow discord сеять вражду -
44 fratricidal
frat·ri·cid·al[ˈfrætrɪsaɪdəl, AM -trə-]the civil war is just the latest outbreak of \fratricidal strife in that area der Bürgerkrieg ist nur der jüngste Ausbruch der inneren Zerrissenheit in diesem Gebietin-party debate was reduced to \fratricidal sniping die innerparteiliche Debatte reduzierte sich zum Schluss auf Angriffe untereinander* * *fratricidal [ˌfrætrıˈsaıdl] adj brudermörderisch:fratricidal war Bruderkrieg m -
45 fratricidal
sich akk gegenseitig vernichtend;the civil war is just the latest outbreak of \fratricidal strife in that area der Bürgerkrieg ist nur der jüngste Ausbruch der inneren Zerrissenheit in diesem Gebiet;in-party debate was reduced to \fratricidal sniping die innerparteiliche Debatte reduzierte sich zum Schluss auf Angriffe untereinander -
46 stir\ up
1. Ishe wants stirring up ее нужно растормошить /расшевелить/, ей нужна встряска2. IIIstir up smth. /smth. up/1) stir up mixture (a liquid, etc.) взбалтывать смесь и т.д.; stir up sand (mud, etc.) поднять [с земли] песок и т.д.; stir up silt поднять ил [со дна]; stir up coffee ground взбалтывать кофейную гущу; а furious gale rose and it stirred up the seas поднялась буря и всколыхнула море2) stir up everybody's interest (excitement, violent discussions, etc.) вызывать /возбуждать/ всеобщий интерес и т.д.; stir up a quarrel (strife between nations, a civil war, mutiny, enmity, discontent, etc.) раздувать /разжигать/ ссору и т.д.; stir up mischief спровоцировать дурной поступок; stir up the mind (public opinion) будоражить мысли (общественное мнение); stir up passions (emotions) разбудить страсти (чувства); stir up imagination взволновать воображение; stir up smb.'s zeal подхлестнуть чье-л. рвение; he always stirs up trouble вечно из-за него возникают беспорядки3. XXI1stir up smb. to smth. stir up smb. to mutiny (to revolt, to rebellion, to mischief, etc.) подстрекать кого-л. к мятежу и т.д.; stir up smb. with smth. he's always stirring up everybody with his speeches своими речами он всегда всех будоражит -
47 discord
1. n разногласие; разлад, несогласиеcivil discord — междоусобие, междоусобица
2. n шум, нестройные звуки3. n муз. неблагозвучие, диссонанс4. v расходиться; не соглашаться5. v не соответствовать, не гармонировать6. v муз. звучать диссонансомСинонимический ряд:1. cacophony (noun) cacophony; din; disharmony; noise; racket2. conflict (noun) conflict; difference; disaccord; dispeace; dissent; dissidence; dissonance; disunion; disunity; division; inharmony; mischief; unpeace; variance3. difficulty (noun) antagonism; antithesis; clash; contention; contraposition; contrariety; difficulty; disagreement; dissension; friction; opposition; strife4. clash (verb) clash; conflict; contradict; disharmonize; jangle; jar; mismatch5. differ (verb) differ; disaccord; disagree; dissent; divide; varyАнтонимический ряд:harmony; unity -
48 tear
Ⅰ.tear1 [teə(r)]déchirer ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (b), 1 (d) froisser ⇒ 1 (b) arracher ⇒ 1 (c), 1 (e) se déchirer ⇒ 2 (a) se précipiter ⇒ 2 (b) déchirure ⇒ 3(a) (rip → page, material) déchirer; (→ clothes) déchirer, faire un accroc à; (→ flesh) déchirer, arracher;∎ I tore my jacket on a nail j'ai fait un accroc à ma veste avec un clou;∎ he tore a hole in the paper il a fait un trou dans le papier;∎ he tore a hole in his trousers il a fait un trou à son pantalon;∎ tear along the dotted line (on form) détacher suivant le pointillé;∎ the dog was tearing the meat from a bone le chien déchiquetait la viande d'un os;∎ her heart was torn by grief/remorse elle était déchirée par la douleur/le remords;∎ she tore open the letter elle ouvrit l'enveloppe en la déchirant, elle déchira l'enveloppe;∎ she tore open the wrapper elle déchira l'emballage pour l'ouvrir;∎ to tear sth in two or in half déchirer qch en deux;∎ you can tear a piece off this cloth vous pouvez déchirer un morceau de ce tissu;∎ also figurative to tear one's hair s'arracher les cheveux;∎ to tear sth to pieces (document, bank note etc) déchirer qch en mille morceaux;∎ the fox was torn to pieces by the hounds le renard a été déchiqueté ou mis en pièces par la meute;∎ to be torn to shreds être en lambeaux;∎ to tear sth to shreds mettre qch en lambeaux;∎ figurative the critics tore the film to shreds or pieces les critiques ont éreinté le film;∎ figurative to tear sb to shreds or pieces mettre qn en pièces, écharper qn(b) (muscle, ligament) froisser, déchirer(c) (grab, snatch) arracher;∎ he tore the cheque from or out of my hand il m'a arraché le chèque des mains;∎ the door had been torn from its hinges by the wind le vent avait fait sortir la porte de ses gonds∎ I'm torn between going and staying je suis tiraillé entre le désir de partir et celui de rester, j'hésite entre partir et rester;∎ the country had been torn by civil war for thirty years ça faisait trente ans que le pays était déchiré par la guerre civile∎ sorry to tear you from your reading, but I need your help je regrette de vous arracher à votre lecture, mais j'ai besoin de votre aide;∎ familiar British that's torn it, American that tears it c'est le bouquet, il ne manquait plus que cela(a) (paper, cloth) se déchirer;∎ this cloth tears easily ce tissu se déchire facilement∎ to tear after sb se précipiter ou se lancer à la poursuite de qn;∎ to tear up/down the stairs monter/descendre l'escalier quatre à quatre;∎ the cyclists came tearing past les cyclistes sont passés à toute allure ou vitesse;∎ the children were tearing around the playground les enfants couraient de tous les côtés dans la cour de récréation;∎ she came tearing into the garden elle a déboulé dans le jardin à toute allure, elle s'est précipitée dans le jardin∎ to tear through a job faire un travail à toute vitesse;∎ he tore through the book/the report il a lu le livre/le rapport très rapidement3 noun(in paper, cloth) déchirure f; (in clothes) déchirure f, accroc m;∎ this page has a tear in it cette page est déchirée;∎ who's responsible for the tears in the curtains? qui a déchiré les rideaux?(a) (rip to pieces) déchirer∎ no one can tear them apart (friends) on ne peut pas les séparer, ils sont inséparables; (fighters) on n'arrive pas à les séparer;∎ the party was being torn apart by internal strife le parti était déchiré ou divisé par des luttes intestines∎ to tear at sth déchirer ou arracher qch;∎ the dogs tore at the meat les chiens arrachèrent ou déchiquetèrent la viande;∎ the children tore impatiently at the wrapping paper dans leur impatience les enfants déchirèrent le papier d'emballage(b) (from activity) arracher;∎ to tear sb away from sth arracher qn à qch;∎ I just couldn't tear myself away je ne pouvais tout simplement pas me décider à partir;∎ surely you can tear yourself away from your work for ten minutes? tu ne vas pas me dire que tu ne peux pas t'éloigner de ton travail pendant dix minutes?, tu peux quand même laisser ton travail dix minutes!(a) (remove → poster) arracher(a) (attack, rush at) se précipiter sur;∎ the boxers tore into each other les boxeurs se sont jetés l'un sur l'autre(b) familiar (reprimand) enguirlander, passer un savon à; (criticize) taper sur, descendre (en flèche);∎ he really tore into me over my exam results il m'a bien engueulé ou il m'a passé un bon savon au sujet de mes résultats d'examen;∎ the critics have really torn into his latest film les critiques ont complètement descendu son dernier film(c) (bite into → of teeth, knife) s'enfoncer dans;∎ the saw tore into the soft wood la scie s'est enfoncée dans le bois tendre comme dans du beurre(a) (tape, wrapper) arracher, enlever en arrachant; (along perforations) détacher; (clothing) retirer ou enlever rapidement;∎ he tore off his trousers and jumped into the water il retira ou enleva son pantalon en toute hâte et sauta dans l'eau;∎ he had had one of his arms torn off by a machine il avait eu le bras arraché par une machine;∎ British familiar to tear sb off a strip, to tear a strip off sb passer un savon à qn, enguirlander qn(b) familiar (report, essay etc → do hurriedly) écrire à toute vitesse□ ; (→ do badly) bâcler, torcher(page) arracher; (coupon, cheque) détacher;∎ to tear a page out of a book arracher une page d'un livre;∎ also figurative to tear one's hair out s'arracher les cheveuxⅡ.tear2 [tɪə(r)](from eye) larme f;∎ to be in tears être en larmes;∎ to burst into tears fondre en larmes;∎ to shed tears verser des larmes;∎ I shed no tears over her resignation sa démission ne m'a pas ému outre mesure ou ne m'a pas arraché de larmes;∎ to shed tears of joy pleurer de joie, verser des larmes de joie;∎ he had tears or there were tears in his eyes il avait les larmes aux yeux;∎ to be on the verge of tears, to be near to tears être au bord des larmes;∎ to be moved to tears être ému aux larmes;∎ the performance moved me to tears or brought tears to my eyes le spectacle m'a ému aux larmes;∎ figurative to be bored to tears s'ennuyer à mourir►► tear duct canal m lacrymal;tear gas gaz m lacrymogène
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