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1 character
رَمْز \ character: a kind of mark, sign, etc. used for a number or a letter; a kind of handwriting: These are printed characters. Arabic characters are formed from right to left. emblem: an object that is used as the sign of sth.: A cross is a Christian emblem. symbol: a special sign: A cross is the symbol of Christianity. $ is the symbol for a dollar. token: a sign: The gift was a token of his love. \ See Also حرف (حَرْف)، شعار (شِعار)، تذكار (تَذْكار) -
2 official character
юр. официальный характерsurvey is a critical examination or inspection often of an official character for an implied or specified purpose
официальная должность (качество)the pope cannot when speaking in his official character of supreme pontiff err in defining a doctrine of Christian faith or rule of morals
Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > official character
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3 Treadgold, Arthur Newton Christian
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. August 1863 Woolsthorpe, Grantham, Lincolnshire, Englandd. 23 March 1951 London, England[br]English organizer of the Yukon gold fields in Canada, who introduced hydraulic mining.[br]A direct descendant of Sir Isaac Newton, Treadgold worked as a schoolmaster, mostly at Bath College, for eleven years after completing his studies at Oxford University. He gained a reputation as an energetic teacher who devoted much of his work to sport, but he resigned his post and returned to Oxford; here, in 1897, he learned of the gold rush in the Klondike in the Canadian northwest. With a view to making his own fortune, he took a course in geology at the London Geological College and in 1898 set off for Dawson City, in the Yukon Territory. Working as a correspondent for two English newspapers, he studied thoroughly the situation there; he decided to join the stampede, but as a rather sophisticated gold hustler.As there were limited water resources for sluicing or dredging, and underground mining methods were too expensive, Treadgold conceived the idea of hydraulic mining. He designed a ditch-and-siphon system for bringing large amounts of water down from the mountains; in 1901, after three years of negotiation with the Canadian government in Ottawa, he obtained permission to set up the Treadgold Concession to cover the water supply to the Klondike mining claims. This enabled him to supply giant water cannons which battered the hillsides, breaking up the gravel which was then sluiced. Massive protests by the individual miners in the Dawson City region, which he had overrun with his system, led to the concession being rescinded in 1904. Two years later, however, Treadgold began again, forming the Yukon Gold Company, initially in partnership with Solomon Guggenheim; he started work on a channel, completed in 1910, to carry water over a distance of 115 km (70 miles) down to Bonanza Creek. In 1919 he founded the Granville Mining Company, which was to give him control of all the gold-mining operations in the southern Klondike region. When he returned to London in the following year, the company began to fail, and in 1920 he went bankrupt with liabilities totalling more than $2 million. After the Yukon Consolidated Gold Corporation had been formed in 1923, Treadgold returned to the Klondike in 1925 in order to acquire the assets of the operating companies; he gained control and personally supervised the operations. But the company drifted towards disaster, and in 1930 he was dismissed from active management and his shares were cancelled by the courts; he fought for their reinstatement right up until his death.[br]Further ReadingL.Green, 1977, The Gold Hustlers, Anchorage, Alaska (describes this outstanding character and his unusual gold-prospecting career).WKBiographical history of technology > Treadgold, Arthur Newton Christian
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4 divine service (A service of Christian worship, such a service that is not sacramental in character)
Религия: служба в церквиУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > divine service (A service of Christian worship, such a service that is not sacramental in character)
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5 ecumenics (The study of the nature, mission, problems, and strategy of the Christian church from the perspective of its ecumenical character)
Религия: экуменикаУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > ecumenics (The study of the nature, mission, problems, and strategy of the Christian church from the perspective of its ecumenical character)
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6 Christianity
* * *[-'ænəti]noun (the religion of Christ.) das Christentum* * *Chris·ti·an·ity[ˌkrɪstiˈænɪti, AM -tʃiˈænət̬i]* * *["krIstI'nItɪ]nhis Christianity did not prevent him from doing it — sein christlicher Glaube hinderte ihn nicht daran(, das zu tun)
3) (= Christian character) christliche Haltung or Gesinnung* * *1. die Christenheit2. das Christentum, der christliche Glaube3. christliches Denken oder Handeln* * *noun, no pl., no art. -
7 moral
adj.moral.tienen el apoyo moral de todos nosotros they have our moral supportf.1 morals, morality.moral estricta strict morals2 morale.su victoria nos dio mucha moral her win lifted our spirits o improved our moraleestar bajo de moral to be in poor spiritslevantarle o subirle la moral a alguien to lift somebody's spirits, to cheer somebody up3 mulberry tree, mulberry.4 blackberry bush.m.mulberry tree.* * *► adjetivo1 moral\levantar la moral a alguien to boost somebody's morale, raise somebody's spiritsestar bajo,-a de moral to be in low spiritsestar con la moral por los suelos to be down in the dumpstener más moral que el Alcoyano to be a born optimistobligación moral moral duty————————1 BOTÁNICA mulberry tree* * *1. noun f.1) morale2) morality2. adj.* * *ISM (Bot) mulberry treeII1. ADJ1) (=ético) moraltenemos la obligación moral de ayudarle — we are morally obliged to help him, we have a moral obligation to help him
2) (=espiritual) moral2. SF1) (=ética, moralidad) morality, morals plla moral cristiana — Christian morality, Christian morals
•
faltar a la moral — to behave immorally2) (=estado de ánimo) morale•
levantar la moral a algn — to raise sb's spirits o moralela moral se me cayó por los suelos cuando la vi con otro hombre — my heart sank when I saw her with another man
3) (=valor) moral courageyo no habría tenido moral para hablarles así — I wouldn't have had the moral courage to speak to them like that
* * *Iadjetivo moralIImasculino mulberry (tree)III1) (Fil, Relig)a) ( doctrina) moral doctrineb) ( moralidad) morality, morals (pl)2)a) ( estado de ánimo) moralelevantarle la moral a alguien — to raise somebody's morale, lift somebody's spirits
b) (arrojo, determinación) will* * *= moral, moral knowledge, morale, morality, sense of morality.Ex. Clear examples of such support were the abandoned forms SOCIAL AND MORAL CONDITIONS under Negroes and HISTORY AND CONDITION under women.Ex. P H Hirst defines eight such primary divisions of knowledge: mathematics, physical science, human science, history, moral knowledge, art, religion, philosophy.Ex. When they changed jobs, morale in public services fell immediately.Ex. A number of course leaders in the IT field regarded their lack of treatment of what might be termed morality of information provision as a drawback in their programmes.Ex. This article points to a warped sense of morality in which there is no such concept as 'theft' in some people's lexicon.----* adoptar la postura moral correcta = take + the high ground.* apoyo moral = moral support.* asesor moral = guidance counsellor, ethicist.* autoridad moral, la = moral high ground, the.* bajar la moral = lower + morale.* carácter moral = moral character.* comportamiento moral = moral behaviour.* conducta moral = moral conduct.* corrupción moral = moral corruption.* deber moral = moral duty.* decadencia moral = moral decay.* degeneración moral = moral decay.* depravación moral = moral depravity.* doble moral = double standard.* hundirse la moral = morale + plummet.* iniquidad moral = moral turpitude.* integridad moral = moral character.* inyección de moral = shot in the arm.* juicio moral = moral judgement.* lavantar la moral = lift + Posesivo + spirits up.* mayoría moral, la = moral majority, the.* obligación moral = moral obligation.* palabras para levantar la moral = pep talk.* por razones morales = on moral grounds.* principio moral = moral principle.* subir la moral = boost + Posesivo + morale, lift + morale, increase + morale, improve + morale, boost + Posesivo + confidence, bolster + confidence.* valor moral = moral value.* victoria moral = moral victory.* virtud moral = moral virtue.* * *Iadjetivo moralIImasculino mulberry (tree)III1) (Fil, Relig)a) ( doctrina) moral doctrineb) ( moralidad) morality, morals (pl)2)a) ( estado de ánimo) moralelevantarle la moral a alguien — to raise somebody's morale, lift somebody's spirits
b) (arrojo, determinación) will* * *= moral, moral knowledge, morale, morality, sense of morality.Ex: Clear examples of such support were the abandoned forms SOCIAL AND MORAL CONDITIONS under Negroes and HISTORY AND CONDITION under women.
Ex: P H Hirst defines eight such primary divisions of knowledge: mathematics, physical science, human science, history, moral knowledge, art, religion, philosophy.Ex: When they changed jobs, morale in public services fell immediately.Ex: A number of course leaders in the IT field regarded their lack of treatment of what might be termed morality of information provision as a drawback in their programmes.Ex: This article points to a warped sense of morality in which there is no such concept as 'theft' in some people's lexicon.* adoptar la postura moral correcta = take + the high ground.* apoyo moral = moral support.* asesor moral = guidance counsellor, ethicist.* autoridad moral, la = moral high ground, the.* bajar la moral = lower + morale.* carácter moral = moral character.* comportamiento moral = moral behaviour.* conducta moral = moral conduct.* corrupción moral = moral corruption.* deber moral = moral duty.* decadencia moral = moral decay.* degeneración moral = moral decay.* depravación moral = moral depravity.* doble moral = double standard.* hundirse la moral = morale + plummet.* iniquidad moral = moral turpitude.* integridad moral = moral character.* inyección de moral = shot in the arm.* juicio moral = moral judgement.* lavantar la moral = lift + Posesivo + spirits up.* mayoría moral, la = moral majority, the.* obligación moral = moral obligation.* palabras para levantar la moral = pep talk.* por razones morales = on moral grounds.* principio moral = moral principle.* subir la moral = boost + Posesivo + morale, lift + morale, increase + morale, improve + morale, boost + Posesivo + confidence, bolster + confidence.* valor moral = moral value.* victoria moral = moral victory.* virtud moral = moral virtue.* * *A (ético) moralvalores morales moral valuestienes el deber/la obligación moral de denunciarlo you have a moral duty/obligation to report himla formación moral del individuo the moral education of the individualB (espiritual, psicológico) moraldemostró tener gran fortaleza moral she showed that she possessed great moral strength o fiberno podemos brindarte más que apoyo moral we can only offer you moral supportmulberry tree, mulberry1 (doctrina) moral doctrinela moral cristiana the Christian doctrine2 (moralidad, ética) morality, morals (pl)faltar a la moral to commit an immoral actun lugar de dudosa moral a place of dubious moralityB1 (estado de ánimo) moralelevantarle la moral a algn to raise sb's morale, lift sb's spiritsestar bajo de moral to be feeling lowhan quedado con la moral por los suelos their morale has sunk to an all-time low o has hit rock bottomno pierdas la moral don't let things get you downtener más moral que el Alcoyano ( fam); to be very optimistic, to always look on the bright side2 (arrojo, determinación) willcon una moral de acero with iron-willed determination* * *
moral adjetivo
moral
■ sustantivo femenino
1 (Fil, Relig)
2 ( estado de ánimo) morale;
estar bajo de moral to be feeling low;
tener la moral alta to be in good spirits
■ sustantivo masculino
mulberry (tree)
moral
I adjetivo moral: hay unos principios morales que debemos observar, there are moral principles we should follow
II sustantivo femenino
1 (ética) morals pl: la moral de la época no era muy edificante, the morals of the time were not very uplifting
2 (ánimo) morale, spirits pl: tengo la moral por los suelos, my spirits are very low
' moral' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
apreciarse
- bajeza
- conciencia
- corrupción
- daño
- decente
- deuda
- ética
- grandeza
- incapaz
- lesión
- minar
- moraleja
- orden
- relajación
- relajarse
- repugnancia
- respaldo
- sangrar
- satisfacción
- virtud
- alto
- atentado
- bajo
- compromiso
- decadente
- desmoronarse
- echar
- fortaleza
- levantar
- mora
- poder
- principio
- relajar
- relajo
- rígido
- sano
English:
boost
- dubious
- duty
- good
- grit
- loose
- moral
- morale
- ought
- pep talk
- right
- self-righteousness
- slip
- softness
- stiffen
- victory
- code
- goodness
- pep
- self
- standard
- virtue
* * *♦ adj1. [espiritual] moral;tienen el apoyo moral de todos nosotros they have our moral support;presentó una demanda por daños morales she made a claim for psychological damage2. [ético] moral;tengo la obligación moral de ayudarlos I am morally obliged to help them;no tiene autoridad moral para exigir mi dimisión she does not have the moral authority to demand my resignation♦ nf1. [ética] morality;es un ejemplo de la doble moral del presidente it's an example of the president's double standards2. [ánimo] morale;su victoria nos dio mucha moral her win lifted our spirits o improved our morale;estar bajo de moral to be in poor spirits;Esp Fam Humtiene más moral que el Alcoyano she's not one to get downhearted easilymoral2 nm[árbol] black mulberry tree* * *1I adj moralII f1 ( moralidad) morals pl2 ( ánimo) morale;estar bajo de moral be feeling low;levantar la moral cheer up2 m BOT mulberry tree* * *moral adj: moral♦ moralmente advmoral nf1) moralidad: ethics, morality, morals pl2) ánimo: morale, spirits pl* * *moral1 adj moralmoral2 n1. (principios) morality2. (ánimo) morale -
8 CCC
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Category Cytology And Cytogenetics, контроль, управление и связь (Command, Control and Communications)4) Американизм: Credibility, Confidence, and Contracts6) Военный термин: CARDA Control Center, Calm Cool And Collected, Chaos To Control To Conquer, Civilian Credit Corps, Consolidated Command Center, Cool Calm Collective, Crisis Coordination Center, ceasefire control commission, central computer center, central computer complex, classified control clerk, combat control center, combined coordinating committee, command and control center, command control console, command, control, and communications, communications center console, communications control center, communications control console, complex control center, component change control, Corps Computer Centers (TOS)7) Психиатрия: Citrated calcium carbamide8) Техника: Charming China Cheapie, capacitor-coupled clamp, cause-consequence chart, chlorocholine chloride, closed-cycle cooler, command control center, common control circuit, communications channel capacity, computer communications console, computer communications converter, controller checkout console, cross-current conductance, cyclic check character, cycocel( 2-chloroethyl) trimethyl-ammonium chloride9) Сельское хозяйство: chlorcholine chloride10) Химия: Computer Controlled Combustion11) Религия: Calvary Community Church, Campus Christian Center, Campus Crusade For Christ, Catholic Curriculum Consortium, Christian City Church, Colorado Community Church, Contemporary Christian Center, Канадский Совет Церквей12) Юридический термин: Canadian Criminal Cases13) Бухгалтерия: Credit Card Cheque14) Страхование: care, custody and control15) Автомобильный термин: converter clutch control, computer command control system (GM)16) Грубое выражение: Cant Condone Cocks17) Телекоммуникации: Clear Channel Capability, Вызов с использованием кредитной карты18) Сокращение: CINC Command Complex, Canadian Chamber of Commerce, Canadian Commercial Corporation, Canadian Committee on Cataloging, Central Criminal Court, Christ Church College, Civil(ian) Conservation Corps, Classification Currents Communicator (newsletter), Combat Control Centre, Combustible Cartridge Case, Combustible Case Charge, Combustible Charge Container, Commercial Credit Corporation, Communications Control Centre, Contemporary Culture Convention, Corporate Customer Contact, Corpus Christi College, Crisis Co-ordination Center (US Secretary of Defense), Customs Cooperation Council, Concourse Computer Center (MIT), Command, Control, and Communications (sometimes C^3)19) Театр: Creation Counter Creation20) Университет: Campus Computing Center, Campus Computing Clowns, Coast Community College, College Credit Certificate, Cook County College21) Физиология: Certificate Of Clinical Competence, Certificate Of Clinical Competency, Cognitive Complexity And Control, Counselling Code Of Conduct, Counting Carbs And Calories22) Электроника: Ceramic chip carrier, Circuit Cross Connect, Convert Character Code23) Вычислительная техника: Computer Control Center, Copyright Clearance Center, Центр по проверке авторских прав США, Cube Connected Cycles (MP), Chaos Computer Club (organization)24) Нефть: карта причин и последствий (отказов; cause-consequence chart)25) Генетика: ковалентно замкнутое кольцо (двухцепочечная молекула ДНК, не имеющая свободных концов; полная "замкнутость" CCC сохраняется даже после денатурации, в нативной форме CCC может быть суперскрученым), covalently closed circle26) Офтальмология: капсулорексис (capsulorrhexis)27) Космонавтика: consolidated control center (объединенный центр управления)28) Картография: Civil Conservation Corps29) Банковское дело: Корпорация подтоварного кредита (в США; Commodity Credit Corporation), безналичные расчёты между провинциальными банками (country check clearing)30) Транспорт: Camaro Custom Club, Cargo Carrying Capacity, Choice Capacity Class, Classic Contemporary And Custom, Climb Climb Climb, Culinary Catalytic Converter31) Пищевая промышленность: Chocolate And Cheap Champagne, Chu Chin Chow, Crispy Carmel Cookies32) Фирменный знак: Canadian Cloning Corporation, Capitol City Center, Cards Convention Center, Caribbean Casino Corporation, Caribbean Conservation Corporation, Carlton Chain Company, Certified Collateral Corporation, Clear Channel Communications, Computer Curriculum Corporation, Consolidated Construction Company, Consolidated Contractors Company, Continental Can Company35) Деловая лексика: Compliment Comment Or Complaint, Corporate Client Council, Customer Competence Center, Customer Contact Center36) SAP. (Customer Competence Center) ЦКК (Центр компетенции клиента)37) Менеджмент: current contract contingency38) Образование: Can Can Can, Chinese Compulsory Certification39) Инвестиции: Commodity Credit Corporation, country check clearing40) Сетевые технологии: cache coherency check, контроль когерентности кэша41) Программирование: Carriage Control Character42) Сахалин Ю: compressor controls corporation43) Химическое оружие: Central Control Console44) Расширение файла: Central Computational Computer, Computer Control Complex, Curtain Call native format Bitmap graphics45) SAP.тех. центр компетенции клиента46) Нефть и газ: Customer Competence Center (ТНК-BP), Change Control Committee47) Военно-политический термин: Capabilities Coordination Cell48) Аварийное восстановление: customer control center49) Фантастика Cosmic Camel Corps50) Общественная организация: Cache Creek Conservancy, Civilian Crop Conservationists, Consortium Of Collective Consciousness52) NYSE. Calgon Carbon Corporation53) Программное обеспечение: Clipper To C Compiler54) Хобби: Country Cooking Club -
9 БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ
Мы приняли следующие сокращения для наиболее часто упоминаемых книг и журналов:IJP - International Journal of Psycho-analysisJAPA - Journal of the American Psychoanalytic AssociationSE - Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, ed. James Strachey (London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1953—74.)PSOC - Psychoanalytic Study of the Child (New Haven: Yale University Press)PQ - Psychoanalytic QuarterlyWAF - The Writings of Anna Freud, ed. Anna Freud (New York: International Universities Press, 1966—74)PMC - Psychoanalysis The Major Concepts ed. Burness E. Moore and Bernard D. Fine (New Haven: Yale University Press)\О словаре: _about - Psychoanalytic Terms and Concepts\1. Abend, S. M. Identity. PMC. Forthcoming.2. Abend, S. M. (1974) Problems of identity. PQ, 43.3. Abend, S. M., Porder, M. S. & Willick, M. S. (1983) Borderline Patients. New York: Int. Univ. Press.4. Abraham, K. (1916) The first pregenital stage of libido. Selected Papers. London, Hogarth Press, 1948.5. Abraham, K. (1917) Ejaculatio praecox. In: selected Papers. New York Basic Books.6. Abraham, K. (1921) Contributions to the theory of the anal character. Selected Papers. New York: Basic Books, 1953.7. Abraham, K. (1924) A Short study of the development of the libido, viewed in the light of mental disorders. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1927.8. Abraham, K. (1924) Manic-depressive states and the pre-genital levels of the libido. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1949.9. Abraham, K. (1924) Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1948.10. Abraham, K. (1924) The influence of oral erotism on character formation. Ibid.11. Abraham, K. (1925) The history of an impostor in the light of psychoanalytic knowledge. In: Clinical Papers and Essays on Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books, 1955, vol. 2.12. Abrams, S. (1971) The psychoanalytic unconsciousness. In: The Unconscious Today, ed. M. Kanzer. New York: Int. Univ. Press.13. Abrams, S. (1981) Insight. PSOC, 36.14. Abse, D W. (1985) The depressive character In Depressive States and their Treatment, ed. V. Volkan New York: Jason Aronson.15. Abse, D. W. (1985) Hysteria and Related Mental Disorders. Bristol: John Wright.16. Ackner, B. (1954) Depersonalization. J. Ment. Sci., 100.17. Adler, A. (1924) Individual Psychology. New York: Harcourt, Brace.18. Akhtar, S. (1984) The syndrome of identity diffusion. Amer. J. Psychiat., 141.19. Alexander, F. (1950) Psychosomatic Medicine. New York: Norton.20. Allen, D. W. (1974) The Feat- of Looking. Charlottesvill, Va: Univ. Press of Virginia.21. Allen, D. W. (1980) Psychoanalytic treatment of the exhibitionist. In: Exhibitionist, Description, Assessment, and Treatment, ed. D. Cox. New York: Garland STPM Press.22. Allport, G. (1937) Personality. New York: Henry Holt.23. Almansi, R. J. (1960) The face-breast equation. JAPA, 6.24. Almansi, R. J. (1979) Scopophilia and object loss. PQ, 47.25. Altman, L. Z. (1969) The Dream in Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.26. Altman, L. Z. (1977) Some vicissitudes of love. JAPA, 25.27. American Psychiatric Association. (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3d ed. revised. Washington, D. C.28. Ansbacher, Z. & Ansbacher, R. (1956) The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler. New York: Basic Books.29. Anthony, E. J. (1981) Shame, guilt, and the feminine self in psychoanalysis. In: Object and Self, ed. S. Tuttman, C. Kaye & M. Zimmerman. New York: Int. Univ. Press.30. Arlow. J. A. (1953) Masturbation and symptom formation. JAPA, 1.31. Arlow. J. A. (1959) The structure of the deja vu experience. JAPA, 7.32. Arlow. J. A. (1961) Ego psychology and the study of mythology. JAPA, 9.33. Arlow. J. A. (1963) Conflict, regression and symptom formation. IJP, 44.34. Arlow. J. A. (1966) Depersonalization and derealization. In: Psychoanalysis: A General Psychology, ed. R. M. Loewenstein, L. M. Newman, M. Schur & A. J. Solnit. New York: Int. Univ. Press.35. Arlow. J. A. (1969) Fantasy, memory and reality testing. PQ, 38.36. Arlow. J. A. (1969) Unconscious fantasy and disturbances of mental experience. PQ, 38.37. Arlow. J. A. (1970) The psychopathology of the psychoses. IJP, 51.38. Arlow. J. A. (1975) The structural hypothesis. PQ, 44.39. Arlow. J. A. (1977) Affects and the psychoanalytic situation. IJP, 58.40. Arlow. J. A. (1979) Metaphor and the psychoanalytic situation. PQ, 48.41. Arlow. J. A. (1979) The genesis of interpretation. JAPA, 27 (suppl.).42. Arlow. J. A. (1982) Problems of the superego concept. PSOC, 37.43. Arlow. J. A. (1984) Disturbances of the sense of time. PQ, 53.44. Arlow. J. A. (1985) Some technical problems of countertransference. PQ, 54.45. Arlow, J. A. & Brenner, C. (1963) Psychoanalytic Concepts and the Structural Theory, New York: Int. Univ. Press.46. Arlow, J. A. & Brenner, C. (1969) The psychopathology of the psychoses. IJP, 50.47. Asch, S. S. (1966) Depression. PSOC, 21.48. Asch, S. S. (1976) Varieties of negative therapeutic reactions and problems of technique. JAPA, 24.49. Atkins, N. (1970) The Oedipus myth. Adolescence, and the succession of generations. JAPA, 18.50. Atkinson, J. W. & Birch, D. (1970) The Dynamics of Action. New York: Wiley.51. Bachrach, H. M. & Leaff, L. A. (1978) Analyzability. JAPA, 26.52. Bacon, C. (1956) A developmental theory of female homosexuality. In: Perversions,ed, S. Lorand & M. Balint. New York: Gramercy.53. Bak, R. C. (1953) Fetishism. JAPA. 1.54. Bak, R. C. (1968) The phallic woman. PSOC, 23.55. Bak, R. C. & Stewart, W. A. (1974) Fetishism, transvestism, and voyeurism. An American Handbook of Psychiatry, ed. S. Arieti. New York: Basic Books, vol. 3.56. Balint, A. (1949) Love for mother and mother-love. IJP, 30.57. Balter, L., Lothane, Z. & Spencer, J. H. (1980) On the analyzing instrument, PQ, 49.58. Basch, M. F. (1973) Psychoanalysis and theory formation. Ann. Psychoanal., 1.59. Basch, M. F. (1976) The concept of affect. JAPA, 24.60. Basch, M. F. (1981) Selfobject disorders and psychoanalytic theory. JAPA, 29.61. Basch, M. F. (1983) Emphatic understanding. JAPA. 31.62. Balldry, F. Character. PMC. Forthcoming.63. Balldry, F. (1983) The evolution of the concept of character in Freud's writings. JAPA. 31.64. Begelman, D. A. (1971) Misnaming, metaphors, the medical model and some muddles. Psychiatry, 34.65. Behrends, R. S. & Blatt, E. J. (1985) Internalization and psychological development throughout the life cycle. PSOC, 40.66. Bell, A. (1961) Some observations on the role of the scrotal sac and testicles JAPA, 9.67. Benedeck, T. (1949) The psychosomatic implications of the primary unit. Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 19.68. Beres, C. (1958) Vicissitudes of superego functions and superego precursors in childhood. FSOC, 13.69. Beres, D. Conflict. PMC. Forthcoming.70. Beres, D. (1956) Ego deviation and the concept of schizophrenia. PSOC, 11.71. Beres, D. (1960) Perception, imagination and reality. IJP, 41.72. Beres, D. (1960) The psychoanalytic psychology of imagination. JAPA, 8.73. Beres, D. & Joseph, E. D. (1965) Structure and function in psychoanalysis. IJP, 46.74. Beres, D. (1970) The concept of mental representation in psychoanalysis. IJP, 51.75. Berg, M D. (1977) The externalizing transference. IJP, 58.76. Bergeret, J. (1985) Reflection on the scientific responsi bilities of the International Psychoanalytical Association. Memorandum distributed at 34th IPA Congress, Humburg.77. Bergman, A. (1978) From mother to the world outside. In: Grolnick et. al. (1978).78. Bergmann, M. S. (1980) On the intrapsychic function of falling in love. PQ, 49.79. Berliner, B. (1966) Psychodynamics of the depressive character. Psychoanal. Forum, 1.80. Bernfeld, S. (1931) Zur Sublimierungslehre. Imago, 17.81. Bibring, E. (1937) On the theory of the therapeutic results of psychoanalysis. IJP, 18.82. Bibring, E. 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(1971) Problems in the selection of patients for psychoanalysis. Brit. J. Med. Psychol., 44.849. Valenstein, A. F. (1979) The concept of "classical" psycho-analysis. JAPA. 27. (suppl.).850. Volkan, V. D. (1981) Linking Objects and Linking Phenomena. New York: Int. Univ. Press.851. Waelder, R. (1930) The principle of multiple function. PQ, 5.852. Waelder, R. (1962) Book review of Psychoanalysis, Scientific Method and Philosophy, ed. S. Hook. JAPA, 10.853. Waelder, R. (1962) Psychoanalysis scientific method, and philosophy. JAPA, 10.854. Waelder, R. (1963) Psychic determinism and the possibility of prediction. PQ, 32.855. Waelder, R. (1967) Trauma and the variety of extraordinary challenges. In: Fuest (1967).856. Waelder, R. (1967) Inhibitions, symptoms and anxiety: forty years later. PQ, 36.857. Waldhorn, H. F. (1960) Assessment of analyzability. PQ, 29.858. Waldhorn, H. F. & Fine, B. (1971) Trauma and symbolism. Kris Study Group monogr. New York: Int. Univ. Press.859. Wallace, E. R. 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(1976) Ambience and abstinence. Annu. Psycho-anal., 4.895. Wolf, E. S. (1980) On the developmental line of self-object relations. In: Advances in Self Psychology, ed. A. Goldberg. New York: Int. Univ. Press.896. Wolf, E. S. (1983) Empathy and countertransference. In: The Future of Psychoanalysis, ed. A. Coldberg. New York: Int. Univ. Press.897. Wolf, E. S. (1984) Disruptions in the psychoanalytic treatment of disorders of the self. In: Kohut's Legacy, ed. P. Stepansky & A. Coldberg, Hillsdale, H. J.: Analytic Press, 1984.898. Wolf, E. S. (1984) Selfobject relations disorders. In: Character Pathology, ed. M. Zales. New York: Bruner/Mazel.899. Wolf, E. S. & Trosman, H. (1974) Freud and Popper-Lynkeus. JAPA, 22.900. Wolfenstein, M. (1966) How is mourning possible? PSOC, 21.901. Wolman, B. B. ed. (1977) The International Encyclopedia of Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychoanalysis, and Neurology. New York: Aesculapius.902. Wolpert, E. A. (1980) Major affective disorders. In: Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, ed. H. I. Kaplan, A. M. Freedman & B. J. Saddock. Boston: Williams & Wilkins, vol. 2.903. Wurmser, L. (1977) A defense of the use of metaphor in analytic theory formation. PQ, 46.904. Wurmser, L. (1981) The Mask of Shame. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press.905. Zetzel, E. R. (1956) Current concepts of transference. TJP, 37.Словарь психоаналитических терминов и понятий > БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ
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10 CG
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Cell Group, hum. сокр. Conditional Genotype, hum. сокр. Curated Gene2) Компьютерная техника: Character Generation, Composite Graphics, Computer Generated, Computer Graphic3) Спорт: Card Game, Chorionic Gonadotrophin, Computer Gaming, Console Games4) Военный термин: Captain-General, Chaplain-General, Clean And Green, Coast Guard, Commanding General, Commissary-General, Comptroller General, Consultative Group, captain of the guard, chairman's guidance, chemical gas, combat group, command group, command guidance, communications group, composite group, consolidated guidance, control group, фосген (ОВ), phosgene5) Техника: chemistry guidelines, clutter gate, control grid, course generator6) Шутливое выражение: Chalk Guy7) Химия: Complete Generation8) Математика: Cauchy Gauss, Conditional Gaussian, Conflict Graph, Conjugate Gradient9) Религия: The Christian Groups10) Железнодорожный термин: Norfolk Southern Railway Company11) Юридический термин: Crack Goblin12) Астрономия: Central Galaxy13) Ветеринария: Crested Gecko14) Грубое выражение: Cock Gobbler, Cute Girls15) Музыка: Classic Grooves16) Политика: Zaire17) Сокращение: Cargo Glider, Centre of Gravity, Chain Gun, Chaplain General, Company Group, Congo, Covent Garden, Guided Missile Cruiser (USA), Guided Missile Cruiser, Phosgene (Chemical warfare choking agent)18) Вычислительная техника: categorial grammar, character generator, computer graphics19) Нефть: coarse grained, connection gas, Corgun (coring, or side-wall coring gun)20) Фирменный знак: Chicago Lamp, Ciba Geigy21) СМИ: Character Generated22) Деловая лексика: Commercial Grade, Contact Group, corporate governance, система корпоративного управления (corporate governance)23) Образование: Creative Genius24) Таможенная деятельность: Clearance of Goods25) Полимеры: center of gravity26) Программирование: Character Graphics, Convert to Garbage27) Океанография: Cloud To Ground28) Химическое оружие: phosgene, choking chemical agent [green cross]29) Расширение файла: Control Gate30) Нефть и газ: computer gateway31) Имена и фамилии: Christian Gottfried, Curious George32) Должность: Certified Genealogist34) NYSE. Columbia Energy Group35) Федеральное бюро расследований: Chicago Field Office -
11 Cg
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Cell Group, hum. сокр. Conditional Genotype, hum. сокр. Curated Gene2) Компьютерная техника: Character Generation, Composite Graphics, Computer Generated, Computer Graphic3) Спорт: Card Game, Chorionic Gonadotrophin, Computer Gaming, Console Games4) Военный термин: Captain-General, Chaplain-General, Clean And Green, Coast Guard, Commanding General, Commissary-General, Comptroller General, Consultative Group, captain of the guard, chairman's guidance, chemical gas, combat group, command group, command guidance, communications group, composite group, consolidated guidance, control group, фосген (ОВ), phosgene5) Техника: chemistry guidelines, clutter gate, control grid, course generator6) Шутливое выражение: Chalk Guy7) Химия: Complete Generation8) Математика: Cauchy Gauss, Conditional Gaussian, Conflict Graph, Conjugate Gradient9) Религия: The Christian Groups10) Железнодорожный термин: Norfolk Southern Railway Company11) Юридический термин: Crack Goblin12) Астрономия: Central Galaxy13) Ветеринария: Crested Gecko14) Грубое выражение: Cock Gobbler, Cute Girls15) Музыка: Classic Grooves16) Политика: Zaire17) Сокращение: Cargo Glider, Centre of Gravity, Chain Gun, Chaplain General, Company Group, Congo, Covent Garden, Guided Missile Cruiser (USA), Guided Missile Cruiser, Phosgene (Chemical warfare choking agent)18) Вычислительная техника: categorial grammar, character generator, computer graphics19) Нефть: coarse grained, connection gas, Corgun (coring, or side-wall coring gun)20) Фирменный знак: Chicago Lamp, Ciba Geigy21) СМИ: Character Generated22) Деловая лексика: Commercial Grade, Contact Group, corporate governance, система корпоративного управления (corporate governance)23) Образование: Creative Genius24) Таможенная деятельность: Clearance of Goods25) Полимеры: center of gravity26) Программирование: Character Graphics, Convert to Garbage27) Океанография: Cloud To Ground28) Химическое оружие: phosgene, choking chemical agent [green cross]29) Расширение файла: Control Gate30) Нефть и газ: computer gateway31) Имена и фамилии: Christian Gottfried, Curious George32) Должность: Certified Genealogist34) NYSE. Columbia Energy Group35) Федеральное бюро расследований: Chicago Field Office -
12 cg
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Cell Group, hum. сокр. Conditional Genotype, hum. сокр. Curated Gene2) Компьютерная техника: Character Generation, Composite Graphics, Computer Generated, Computer Graphic3) Спорт: Card Game, Chorionic Gonadotrophin, Computer Gaming, Console Games4) Военный термин: Captain-General, Chaplain-General, Clean And Green, Coast Guard, Commanding General, Commissary-General, Comptroller General, Consultative Group, captain of the guard, chairman's guidance, chemical gas, combat group, command group, command guidance, communications group, composite group, consolidated guidance, control group, фосген (ОВ), phosgene5) Техника: chemistry guidelines, clutter gate, control grid, course generator6) Шутливое выражение: Chalk Guy7) Химия: Complete Generation8) Математика: Cauchy Gauss, Conditional Gaussian, Conflict Graph, Conjugate Gradient9) Религия: The Christian Groups10) Железнодорожный термин: Norfolk Southern Railway Company11) Юридический термин: Crack Goblin12) Астрономия: Central Galaxy13) Ветеринария: Crested Gecko14) Грубое выражение: Cock Gobbler, Cute Girls15) Музыка: Classic Grooves16) Политика: Zaire17) Сокращение: Cargo Glider, Centre of Gravity, Chain Gun, Chaplain General, Company Group, Congo, Covent Garden, Guided Missile Cruiser (USA), Guided Missile Cruiser, Phosgene (Chemical warfare choking agent)18) Вычислительная техника: categorial grammar, character generator, computer graphics19) Нефть: coarse grained, connection gas, Corgun (coring, or side-wall coring gun)20) Фирменный знак: Chicago Lamp, Ciba Geigy21) СМИ: Character Generated22) Деловая лексика: Commercial Grade, Contact Group, corporate governance, система корпоративного управления (corporate governance)23) Образование: Creative Genius24) Таможенная деятельность: Clearance of Goods25) Полимеры: center of gravity26) Программирование: Character Graphics, Convert to Garbage27) Океанография: Cloud To Ground28) Химическое оружие: phosgene, choking chemical agent [green cross]29) Расширение файла: Control Gate30) Нефть и газ: computer gateway31) Имена и фамилии: Christian Gottfried, Curious George32) Должность: Certified Genealogist34) NYSE. Columbia Energy Group35) Федеральное бюро расследований: Chicago Field Office -
13 πνεῦμα
πνεῦμα, ατος, τό (πνέω; Aeschyl., Pre-Socr., Hdt.+. On the history of the word s. Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 308ff).① air in movement, blowing, breathing (even the glowing exhalations of a volcanic crater: Diod S 5, 7, 3)ⓐ wind (Aeschyl. et al.; LXX, EpArist, Philo; Jos., Ant. 2, 343; 349; SibOr 8, 297) in wordplay τὸ πνεῦμα πνεῖ the wind blows J 3:8a (EpJer 60 πνεῦμα ἐν πάσῃ χώρᾳ πνεῖ. But s. TDonn, ET 66, ’54f, 32; JThomas, Restoration Qtrly 24, ’81, 219–24). ὀθόνη πλοίου ὑπὸ πνεύματος πληρουμένη MPol 15:2. Of God ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα who makes his angels winds Hb 1:7; 1 Cl 36:3 (both Ps 103:4).ⓑ the breathing out of air, blowing, breath (Aeschyl. et al.; Pla., Tim. 79b; LXX) ὁ ἄνομος, ὅν ὁ κύριος Ἰησοῦς ἀνελεῖ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 2 Th 2:8 (cp. Is 11:4; Ps 32:6).② that which animates or gives life to the body, breath, (life-)spirit (Aeschyl. et al.; Phoenix of Colophon 1, 16 [Coll. Alex. p. 231] πν.=a breathing entity [in contrast to becoming earth in death]; Polyb. 31, 10, 4; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 4 p. 394b, 8ff; PHib 5, 54 [III B.C.]; PGM 4, 538; 658; 2499; LXX; TestAbr A 17 p. 98, 19 [Stone p. 44] al.; JosAs 19:3; SibOr 4, 46; Tat. 4:2) ἀφιέναι τὸ πνεῦμα give up one’s spirit, breathe one’s last (Eur., Hec. 571; Porphyr., Vi. Plotini 2) Mt 27:50. J says for this παραδιδόναι τὸ πν. 19:3 (cp. ApcMos 31 ἀποδῶ τὸ πν.; Just., D. 105, 5). Of the return of the (life-)spirit of a deceased person into her dead body ἐπέστρεψεν τὸ πν. αὐτῆς Lk 8:55 (cp. Jdg 15:19). εἰς χεῖράς σου παρατίθεμαι τὸ πν. μου into your hands I entrust my spirit 23:46 (Ps 30:6; for alleged focus on ἐλπίζειν s. EBons, BZ 38, ’94, 93–101). κύριε Ἰησοῦ, δέξαι τὸ πνεῦμά μου Ac 7:59; composite of both passages AcPl Ha 10, 23 (cp. ApcMos 42). τὸ πν. μου ὁ δεσπότης δέξεται GJs 23:3 (on the pneuma flying upward after death cp. Epicharm. in Vorsokrat. 23 [=13, 4th ed.], B 9 and 22; Eur., Suppl. 533 πνεῦμα μὲν πρὸς αἰθέρα, τὸ σῶμα δʼ ἐς γῆν; PGM 1, 177ff τελευτήσαντός σου τὸ σῶμα περιστελεῖ, σοῦ δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα … εἰς ἀέρα ἄξει σὺν αὑτῷ ‘when you are dead [the angel] will wrap your body … and take your spirit with him into the sky’). τὸ σῶμα χωρὶς πν. νεκρόν ἐστιν Js 2:26. πν. ζωῆς ἐκ τ. θεοῦ εἰσῆλθεν ἐν αὐτοῖς (i.e. the prophet-witnesses who have been martyred) Rv 11:11 (cp. Ezk 37:10 v.l. εἰσῆλθεν εἰς αὐτοὺς πνεῦμα ζωῆς; vs. 5). Of the spirit that animated the image of a beast, and enabled it to speak and to have Christians put to death 13:15.—After a person’s death, the πν. lives on as an independent being, in heaven πνεύματα δικαὶων τετελειωμένων Hb 12:23 (cp. Da 3:86 εὐλογεῖτε, πνεύματα καὶ ψυχαὶ δικαίων, τὸν κύριον). According to non-biblical sources, the πν. are in the netherworld (cp. En 22:3–13; Sib Or 7, 127) or in the air (PGM 1, 178), where evil spirits can prevent them from ascending higher (s. ἀήρ2b). τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν 1 Pt 3:19 belongs here if it refers to Jesus’ preaching to the spirits of the dead confined in Hades (so Usteri et al.; s. also JMcCulloch, The Harrowing of Hell, 1930), whether it be when he descended into Hades, or when he returned to heaven (so RBultmann, Bekenntnis u. Liedfragmente im 1 Pt: ConNeot11, ’47, 1–14).—CClemen, Niedergefahren zu den Toten 1900; JTurmel, La Descente du Christ aux enfers 1905; JMonnier, La Descente aux enfers 1906; HHoltzmann, ARW 11, 1908, 285–97; KGschwind, Die Niederfahrt Christi in die Unterwelt 1911; DPlooij, De Descensus in 1 Pt 3:19 en 4:6: TT 47, 1913, 145–62; JBernard, The Descent into Hades a Christian Baptism (on 1 Pt 3:19ff): Exp. 8th ser., 11, 1916, 241–74; CSchmidt, Gespräche Jesu mit seinen Jüngern: TU 43, 1919, 452ff; JFrings, BZ 17, 1926, 75–88; JKroll, Gott u. Hölle ’32; RGanschinietz, Katabasis: Pauly-W. X/2, 1919, 2359–449; Clemen2 89–96; WBieder, Die Vorstellung v. d. Höllenfahrt Jesu Chr. ’49; SJohnson, JBL 79, ’60, 48–51; WDalton, Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits ’65. S. also the lit. in Windisch, Hdb.2 1930, exc. on 1 Pt 3:20; ESelwyn, The First Ep. of St. Peter ’46 and 4c below.—This is prob. also the place for θανατωθεὶς μὲν σαρκὶ ζωοποιηθεὶς δὲ πνεύματι• ἐν ᾧ καὶ … 1 Pt 3:18f (some mss. read πνεύματι instead of πνεύμασιν in vs. 19, evidently in ref. to the manner of Jesus’ movement; πνεῦμα is that part of Christ which, in contrast to σάρξ, did not pass away in death, but survived as an individual entity after death; s. ἐν 7). Likew. the contrast κατὰ σάρκα … κατὰ πνεῦμα Ro 1:3f. Cp. 1 Ti 3:16.③ a part of human personality, spiritⓐ when used with σάρξ, the flesh, it denotes the immaterial part 2 Cor 7:1; Col 2:5. Flesh and spirit=the whole personality, in its outer and inner aspects, oft. in Ign.: IMg 1:2; 13:1a; ITr ins; 12:1; IRo ins; ISm 1:1; IPol 5:1; AcPl Ant 13, 18 (=Aa I 237, 3).—In the same sense beside σῶμα, the body (Simplicius, In Epict. p. 50, 1; Ps.-Phoc. 106f; PGM 1, 178) 1 Cor 5:3–5; 7:34.—The inner life of humans is divided into ψυχὴ καὶ πνεῦμα (cp. Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 10 p. 370c τὶ θεῖον ὄντως ἐνῆν πνεῦμα τῇ ψυχῇ=a divine spirit was actually in the soul; Wsd 15:11; Jos., Ant. 1, 34; Tat. 13, 2; 15, 1 et al.; Ath. 27, 1. S. also Herm. Wr. 10, 13; 16f; PGM 4, 627; 630. ἐκ τριῶν συνεστάναι λέγουσι τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐκ ψυχῆς καὶ σώματος καὶ πνεύματος Did., Gen. 55, 14) Hb 4:12. Cp. Phil 1:27. τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ τὸ σῶμα 1 Th 5:23 (s. GMilligan, Thess. 1908, 78f; EvDobschütz in Meyer X7 1909, 230ff; EBurton, Spirit, Soul, and Flesh 1918; AFestugière, La Trichotomie des 1 Th 5:23 et la Philos. gr.: RSR 20, 1930, 385–415; CMasson, RTP 33, ’45, 97–102; FGrant, An Introd. to NT Thought ’50, 161–66). σαρκί, ψυχῇ, πνεύματι IPhld 11:2.ⓑ as the source and seat of insight, feeling, and will, gener. as the representative part of human inner life (cp. PGM 4, 627; 3 Km 20:5; Sir 9:9 al.; Just., D. 30, 1; Did., Gen. 232, 5) ἐπιγνοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῷ πν. αὐτοῦ Mk 2:8. ἀναστενάξας τῷ πν. αὐτοῦ λέγει 8:12 (s. ἀναστενάζω). ἠγαλλίασεν τὸ πν. μου Lk 1:47 (in parallelism w. ψυχή vs. 46, as Sir 9:9). ἠγαλλιάσατο τῷ πν. 10:21 v.l., Ἰησοῦς ἐνεβριμήσατο τῷ πν. J 11:33 (s. ἐμβριμάομαι 3); Ἰης. ἐταράχθη τῷ πν. 13:21. παρωξύνετο τὸ πν. αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ Ac 17:16; ζέων τῷ πν. with spirit-fervor 18:25 (s. ζέω). τὸ παιδίον ἐκραταιοῦτο πνεύματι Lk 1:80; 2:40 v.l.; ἔθετο ὁ Παῦλος ἐν τῷ πν. Paul made up his mind Ac 19:21 (some would put this pass. in 6c, but cp. Lk 1:66 and analogous formulations Hom. et al. in L-S-J-M s.v. τίθημι A6). προσκυνήσουσιν τῷ πατρὶ ἐν πνεύματι of the spiritual, i.e. the pure, inner worship of God, that has nothing to do w. holy times, places, appurtenances, or ceremonies J 4:23; cp. vs. 24b. πν. συντετριμμένον (Ps 50:19) 1 Cl 18:17; 52:4.—2 Cl 20:4; Hv 3, 12, 2; 3, 13, 2.—This usage is also found in Paul. His conviction (s. 5 below) that the Christian possesses the (divine) πνεῦμα and thus is different fr. all other people, leads him to choose this word in preference to others, in order to characterize a believer’s inner being gener. ᾧ λατρεύω ἐν τῷ πν. μου Ro 1:9. οὐκ ἔσχηκα ἄνεσιν τῷ πν. μου 2 Cor 2:13. Cp. 7:13. As a matter of fact, it can mean simply a person’s very self or ego: τὸ πνεῦμα συμμαρτυρεῖ τῷ πνεύματι ἡμῶν the Spirit (of God) bears witness to our very self Ro 8:16 (cp. PGM 12, 327 ἠκούσθη μου τὸ πνεῦμα ὑπὸ πνεύματος οὐρανοῦ). ἀνέπαυσαν τὸ ἐμὸν πν. καὶ τὸ ὑμῶν they have refreshed both me and you 1 Cor 16:18. ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰ. Χρ. μετά τοῦ πν. (ὑμῶν) Gal 6:18; Phil 4:23; Phlm 25. Cp. 2 Ti 4:22. Likew. in Ign. τὸ ἐμὸν πν. my (unworthy) self IEph 18:1; IRo 9:3; cp. 1 Cor 2:11a—On the relation of the divine Spirit to the believer’s spiritual self, s. SWollenweider, Der Geist Gottes als Selbst der Glaubenden: ZTK 93, ’96, 163–92.—Only a part of the inner life, i.e. that which concerns the will, is meant in τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον, ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής Mt 26:41; Mk 14:38; Pol 7:2. That which is inferior, anxiety, fear of suffering, etc. is attributed to the σάρξ.—The mng. of the expr. οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι Mt 5:3 is difficult to determine w. certainty (cp. Pla., Ep. 7, 335a πένης ἀνὴρ τὴν ψυχήν. The dat. as τῇ ψυχῇ M. Ant. 6, 52; 8, 51). The sense is prob. those who are poor in their inner life, because they do not have a misdirected pride in their own spiritual riches (s. AKlöpper, Über den Sinn u. die ursprgl. Form der ersten Seligpreisung der Bergpredigt bei Mt: ZWT 37, 1894, 175–91; RKabisch, Die erste Seligpreisung: StKr 69, 1896, 195–215; KKöhler, Die ursprgl. Form der Seligpreisungen: StKr 91, 1918, 157–92; JBoehmer, De Schatkamer 17, 1923, 11–16, TT [Copenhagen] 4, 1924, 195–207, JBL 45, 1926, 298–304; WMacgregor, ET 39, 1928, 293–97; VMacchioro, JR 12, ’32, 40–49; EEvans, Theology 47, ’44, 55–60; HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 134ff; Betz, SM 116 n. 178 for Qumran reff.).ⓒ spiritual state, state of mind, disposition ἐν ἀγάπῃ πνεύματί τε πραΰτητος with love and a gentle spirit 1 Cor 4:21; cp. Gal 6:1. τὸ πν. τοῦ νοὸς ὑμῶν Eph 4:23 (s. νοῦς 2a). ἐν τῷ ἀφθάρτῳ τοῦ ἡσυχίου πνεύματος with the imperishable (gift) of a quiet disposition 1 Pt 3:4.④ an independent noncorporeal being, in contrast to a being that can be perceived by the physical senses, spirit (ELangton, Good and Evil Spirits ’42).ⓐ God personally: πνεῦμα ὁ θεός J 4:24a (Ath. 16, 2; on God as a spirit, esp. in the Stoa, s. MPohlenz, D. Stoa ’48/49. Hdb. ad loc. Also Celsus 6, 71 [Stoic]; Herm. Wr. 18, 3 ἀκάματον μέν ἐστι πνεῦμα ὁ θεός).ⓑ good, or at least not expressly evil spirits or spirit-beings (cp. CIG III, 5858b δαίμονες καὶ πνεύματα; Proclus on Pla., Cratyl. p. 69, 6; 12 Pasqu.; En 15:4; 6; 8; 10; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 15f [Stone p. 10, 15f] πάντα τὰ ἐπουράνια πνεύματα; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 26 [Stone p. 82] ὑψηλὸν πν.; PGM 3, 8 ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε, ἱερὸν πνεῦμα; 4, 1448; 3080; 12, 249) πνεῦμα w. ἄγγελος (cp. Jos., Ant. 4, 108; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 3, 33; 8, 12) Ac 23:8f. God is ὁ παντὸς πνεύματος κτίστης καὶ ἐπίσκοπος 1 Cl 59:3b.—Pl., God the μόνος εὐεργέτης πνεύματων 1 Cl 59:3a. Cp. 64 (s. on this Num 16:22; 27:16. Prayers for vengeance fr. Rheneia [Dssm., LO 351–55=LAE 423ff=SIG 1181, 2] τὸν θεὸν τὸν κύριον τῶν πνευμάτων; PGM 5, 467 θεὸς θεῶν, ὁ κύριος τῶν πν.; sim. the magic pap PWarr 21, 24; 26 [III A.D.]); the πατὴρ τῶν πνευμάτων Hb 12:9. Intermediary beings (in polytheistic terminology: δαίμονες) that serve God are called λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα Hb 1:14. In Rv we read of the ἑπτὰ πνεύματα (τοῦ θεοῦ) 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6; s. ASkrinjar, Biblica 16, ’35, 1–24; 113–40.— Ghost Lk 24:37, 39.ⓒ evil spirits (PGM 13, 798; 36, 160; TestJob 27, 2; ApcSed [both Satan]; AscIs 3:28; Just., D. 39, 6 al.; Ath. 25, 3), esp. in accounts of healing in the Synoptics: (τὸ) πνεῦμα (τὸ) ἀκάθαρτον (Just., D. 82, 3) Mt 12:43; Mk 1:23, 26; 3:30; 5:2, 8; 7:25; 9:25a; Lk 8:29; 9:42; 11:24; Rv 18:2. Pl. (TestBenj 5:2) Mt 10:1; Mk 1:27; 3:11; 5:13; 6:7; Lk 4:36; 6:18; Ac 5:16; 8:7; Rv 16:13; ending of Mk in the Freer ms.—τὸ πν. τὸ πονηρόν Ac 19:15f. Pl. (En 99:7; TestSim 4:9; 6:6, TestJud 16:1; Just., D. 76, 6) Lk 7:21; 8:2; Ac 19:12f.—πν. ἄλαλον Mk 9:17; cp. vs. 25b (s. ἄλαλος). πν. πύθων Ac 16:16 (s. πύθων). πν. ἀσθενείας Lk 13:11. Cp. 1 Ti 4:1b. πνεῦμα δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου (s. δαιμόνιον 2) Lk 4:33. πνεύματα δαιμονίων Rv 16:14 (in effect = personified ‘exhalations’ of evil powers; for the combination of πν. and δαιμ. cp. the love spell Sb 4324, 16f τὰ πνεύματα τῶν δαιμόνων τούτων).—Abs. of a harmful spirit Mk 9:20; Lk 9:39; Ac 16:18. Pl. Mt 8:16; 12:45; Lk 10:20; 11:26.—1 Pt 3:19 (s. 2 above) belongs here if the πνεύματα refer to hostile spirit-powers, evil spirits, fallen angels (so FSpitta, Christi Predigt an die Geister 1890; HGunkel, Zum religionsgesch. Verständnis des NT 1903, 72f; WBousset, ZNW 19, 1920, 50–66; Rtzst., Herr der Grösse 1919, 25ff; Knopf, Windisch, FHauck ad loc.; BReicke, The Disobedient Spirits and Christian Baptism ’46, esp. 54–56, 69).—Hermas also has the concept of evil spirits that lead an independent existence, and live and reign within the inner life of a pers.; the Holy Spirit, who also lives or would like to live there, is forced out by them (cp. TestDan 4) Hm 5, 1, 2–4; 5, 2, 5–8; 10, 1, 2. τὸ πν. τὸ ἅγιον … ἕτερον πονηρὸν πν. 5, 1, 2. These πνεύματα are ὀξυχολία 5, 1, 3; 5, 2, 8 (τὸ πονηρότατον πν.); 10, 1, 2; διψυχία 9:11 (ἐπίγειον πν. ἐστι παρὰ τοῦ διαβόλου); 10, 1, 2; λύπη 10, 1, 2 (πάντων τῶν πνευμάτων πονηροτέρα) and other vices. On the complicated pneuma-concept of the Mandates of Hermas s. MDibelius, Hdb. exc. on Hm 5, 2, 7; cp. Leutzsch, Hermas 453f n. 133.⑤ God’s being as controlling influence, with focus on association with humans, Spirit, spirit as that which differentiates God fr. everything that is not God, as the divine power that produces all divine existence, as the divine element in which all divine life is carried on, as the bearer of every application of the divine will. All those who belong to God possess or receive this spirit and hence have a share in God’s life. This spirit also serves to distinguish Christians fr. all unbelievers (cp. PGM 4, 1121ff, where the spirit is greeted as one who enters devotees and, in accordance w. God’s will, separates them fr. themselves, i.e. fr. the purely human part of their nature); for this latter aspect s. esp. 6 below.ⓐ the Spirit of God, of the Lord (=God) etc. (LXX; TestSim 4:4; JosAs 8:11; ApcSed 14:6; 15:6; ApcMos 43; SibOr 3, 701; Ps.-Phoc. 106; Philo; Joseph. [s. c below]; apolog. Cp. Plut., Numa 4, 6 πνεῦμα θεοῦ, capable of begetting children; s. παρθένος a) τὸ πν. τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:11b, 14; 3:16; 6:11; 1J 4:2a (Just., D. 49, 3; Tat. 13, 3; Ath. 22, 3). τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ πν. 1 Pt 4:14 (Just., A I, 60, 6). τὸ πν. τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:12b. τὸ πν. κυρίου Ac 5:9; B 6:14; B 9:2 (cp. Mel., P. 32, 222). τὸ πνεῦμά μου or αὐτοῦ: Mt 12:18 (Is 42:1); Ac 2:17f (Jo 3:1f.—Cp. 1QS 4:21); 1 Cor 2:10a v.l.; Eph 3:16; 1 Th 4:8 (where τὸ ἅγιον is added); 1J 4:13.—τὸ πν. τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν Mt 10:20. τὸ πν. τοῦ ἐγείραντος τὸν Ἰησοῦν Ro 8:11a.—Without the art. πν. θεοῦ (JosAs 4:9; Tat. 15:3; Theoph. Ant. 1, 5 [p. 66, 18]) the Spirit of God Mt 3:16; 12:28; Ro 8:9b, 14, 19; 1 Cor 7:40; 12:3a; 2 Cor 3:3 (πν. θεοῦ ζῶντος); Phil 3:3. πν. κυρίου Lk 4:18 (Is 61:1); Ac 8:39 (like J 3:8; 20:22; Ac 2:4, this pass. belongs on the borderline betw. the mngs. ‘wind’ and ‘spirit’; cp. Diod S 3, 60, 3 Ἕσπερον ἐξαίφνης ὑπὸ πνευμάτων συναρπαγέντα μεγάλων ἄφαντον γενέσθαι ‘Hesperus [a son of Atlas] was suddenly snatched by strong winds and vanished fr. sight’. S. HLeisegang, Der Hl. Geist I 1, 1919, 19ff; OCullmann, TZ. 4, ’48, 364); 1 Cl 21:2.ⓑ the Spirit of Christ, of the Lord (=Christ) etc. τὸ πν. Ἰησοῦ Ac 16:7. τὸ πν. Χριστοῦ AcPlCor 2:32. τὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς πν. Χριστοῦ 1 Pt 1:11. πν. Χριστοῦ Ro 8:9c. πν. τοῦ Χριστοῦ AcPl Ha 8, 18. ἀπὸ τοῦ πν. τοῦ χριστοῦ AcPlCor 2:10. τὸ πν. Ἰης. Χριστοῦ Phil 1:19. τὸ πν. κυρίου 2 Cor 3:17b (JHermann, Kyrios und Pneuma, ’61). τὸ πν. τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ (=θεοῦ) Gal 4:6. As possessor of the divine Spirit, and at the same time controlling its distribution among humans, Christ is called κύριος πνεύματος Lord of the Spirit 2 Cor 3:18 (s. Windisch ad loc.); but many prefer to transl. from the Lord who is the Spirit.—CMoule, OCullmann Festschr., ’72, 231–37.ⓒ Because of its heavenly origin and nature this Spirit is called (the) Holy Spirit (cp. PGM 4, 510 ἵνα πνεύσῃ ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸ ἱερὸν πνεῦμα.—Neither Philo nor Josephus called the Spirit πν. ἅγιον; the former used θεῖον or θεοῦ πν., the latter πν. θεῖον: Ant. 4, 118; 8, 408; 10, 239; but ἅγιον πνεῦμα Orig. C. Cels 1, 40, 16).α. w. the art. τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον (Is 63:10f; Ps 50:13; 142:10 v.l.; cp. Sus 45 Theod.; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 10 [Stone p. 10]; JosAs 8:11 [codd. ADE]; AscIs 3, 15, 26; Just., D. 36, 6 al.) Mt 12:32 = Mk 3:29 = Lk 12:10 (τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα; on the ‘sin against the Holy Spirit’ s. HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 96–112; AFridrichsen, Le péché contre le Saint-Esprit: RHPR 3, 1923, 367–72). Mk 12:36; 13:11; Lk 2:26; 3:22; 10:21; J 14:26; Ac 1:16; 2:33; 5:3, 32; 7:51; 8:18 v.l.; 10:44, 47; 11:15; 13:2; 15:8, 28; 19:6; 20:23, 28; 21:11; 28:25; Eph 1:13 (τὸ πν. τῆς ἐπαγγελίας τὸ ἅγιον); 4:30 (τὸ πν. τὸ ἅγιον τοῦ θεοῦ); Hb 3:7; 9:8; 10:15; 1 Cl 13:1; 16:2; 18:11 (Ps 50:13); 22:1; IEph 9:1; Hs 5, 5, 2; 5, 6, 5–7 (on the relationship of the Holy Spirit to the Son in Hermas s. ALink, Christi Person u. Werk im Hirten des Hermas 1886; JvWalter, ZNW 14, 1913, 133–44; MDibelius, Hdb. exc. following Hs 5, 6, 8 p. 572–76).—τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα (Wsd 9:17; OdeSol 11:2; TestJob 51:2; ApcEsdr 7:16; Just. D. 25, 1 al.) Mt 28:19; Lk 12:10 (s. above), 12; Ac 1:8; 2:38 (epexegetic gen.); 4:31; 9:31; 10:45; 13:4; 16:6; 1 Cor 6:19; 2 Cor 13:13; 1J 5:7 v.l. (on the Comma Johanneum s. λόγο 3); GJs 24:4 (s. χρηματίζω 1bα). As the mother of Jesus GHb 20, 61 (HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 64ff; SHirsch, D. Vorstellg. v. e. weibl. πνεῦμα ἅγ. im NT u. in d. ältesten christl. Lit. 1927. Also WBousset, Hauptprobleme der Gnosis 1907, 9ff).β. without the art. (s. B-D-F §257, 2; Rob. 761; 795) πνεῦμα ἅγιον (PGM 3, 289; Da 5:12 LXX; PsSol 17:37; AssMos Fgm. b; Just., D. 4, 1 al.; Ath. 24, 1. S. also Da Theod. 4:8, 9, 18 θεοῦ πνεῦμα ἅγιον or πνεῦμα θεοῦ ἅγιον) Mk 1:8; Lk 1:15, 35, 41, 67; 2:25; 4:1; 11:13; J 20:22 (Cassien, La pentecôte johannique [J 20:19–23] ’39.—See also 1QS 4:20f); Ac 2:4a; 4:8; 7:55; 8:15, 17, 19; 9:17; 10:38; 11:24; 13:9; 19:2ab; Hb 2:4; 6:4; 1 Pt 1:12 v.l.; 1 Cl 2:2; AcPl 6:18; 9:4 (restored after Aa I 110, 11); AcPlCor 2:5.—So oft. in combination w. a prep.: διὰ πνεύματος ἁγίου Ac 1:2; 4:25; Ro 5:5; 2 Ti 1:14; 1 Cl 8:1 (cp. διὰ πν. αἰωνίου Hb 9:14). διὰ φωνῆς πν. ἁγίου AcPl Ha 11, 6. ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου (Eus., PE 3, 12, 3 of the Egyptians: ἐκ τ. πνεύματος οἴονται συλλαμβάνειν τὸν γῦπα. Here πνεῦμα= ‘wind’; s. Horapollo 1, 11 p. 14f. The same of other birds since Aristot.—On the neut. πνεῦμα as a masc. principle cp. Aristoxenus, Fgm. 13 of the two original principles: πατέρα μὲν φῶς, μητέρα δὲ σκότος) Mt 1:18, 20; IEph 18:2; GJs 14:2; 19:1 (pap). ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ (PsSol 17:37; ApcZeph; Ar. 15, 1) Mt 3:11; Mk 1:8 v.l.; Lk 3:16; J 1:33b; Ac 1:5 (cp. 1QS 3:7f); 11:16; Ro 9:1; 14:17; 15:16; 1 Cor 12:3b; 2 Cor 6:6; 1 Th 1:5; 1 Pt 1:12 (without ἐν v.l.); Jd 20. ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου 2 Pt 1:21. Cp. ἐν δυνάμει πνεύματος ἁγίου Ro 15:13, 19 v.l. (for πνεύματος θεοῦ). μετὰ χαρᾶς πνεύματος ἁγίου 1 Th 1:6. διὰ ἀνακαινώσεως πνεύματος ἁγίου Tit 3:5.ⓓ abs.α. w. the art. τὸ πνεῦμα. In this connection the art. is perh. used anaphorically at times, w. the second mention of a word (s. B-D-F §252; Rob. 762); perh. Mt 12:31 (looking back to vs. 28 πν. θεοῦ); Mk 1:10, 12 (cp. vs. 8 πν. ἅγιον); Lk 4:1b, 14 (cp. vs. 1a); Ac 2:4b (cp. vs. 4a).—As a rule it is not possible to assume that anaphora is present: Mt 4:1; J 1:32, 33a; 3:6a, 8b (in wordplay), 34; 7:39a; Ac 8:29; 10:19; 11:12, 28; 19:1 D; 20:3 D, 22; 21:4; Ro 8:23 (ἀπαρχή 1bβ; 2), 26a, 27; 12:11; 15:30; 2 Cor 1:22 and 5:5 (KErlemann, ZNW 83, ’92, 202–23, and s. ἀρραβών); 12:18 (τῷ αὐτῷ πν.); Gal 3:2, 5, 14 (ἐπαγγελία 1bβ); Eph 4:3 (gen. of the author); 6:17 (perh. epexegetic gen.); 1 Ti 4:1a; Js 4:5; 1J 3:24; 5:6ab (some mss. add καὶ πνεύματος to the words διʼ ὕδατος κ. αἵματος at the beg. of the verse; this is approved by HvSoden, Moffatt, Vogels, Merk, and w. reservations by CDodd, The Joh. Epistles ’46, TManson, JTS 48, ’47, 25–33), vs. 8; Rv 2:7, 11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13, 22; 14:13; 22:17; B 19:2, B 7= D 4:10 (s. ἐτοιμάζω b). ἐν τῷ πνεύματι (led) by the Spirit Lk 2:27.—Paul links this Spirit of God, known to every Christian, with Christ as liberating agent in contrast to legal constraint ὁ κύριος τὸ πνεῦμα ἐστιν the Lord means Spirit 2 Cor 3:17a (UHolzmeister, 2 Cor 3:17 Dominus autem Spiritus est 1908; JNisius, Zur Erklärung v. 2 Cor 3:16ff: ZKT 40, 1916, 617–75; JKögel, Ὁ κύριος τὸ πνεῦμά ἐστιν: ASchlatter Festschr. 1922, 35–46; C Guignebert, Congr. d’Hist. du Christ. II 1928, 7–22; EFuchs, Christus u. d. Geist b. Pls ’32; HHughes, ET 45, ’34, 235f; CLattey, Verb. Dom. 20, ’40, 187–89; DGriffiths ET 55, ’43, 81–83; HIngo, Kyrios und Pneuma, ’61 [Paul]; JDunn, JTS 21, ’70, 309–20).β. without the art. πνεῦμα B 1:3. κοινωνία πνεύματος Phil 2:1 (κοινωνία 1 and 2). πνεύματι in the Spirit or through the Spirit Gal 3:3; 5:5, 16, 18; 1 Pt 4:6. εἰ ζῶμεν πνεύματι, πνεύματι καὶ στοιχῶμεν if we live by the Spirit, let us also walk by the Spirit Gal 5:25. Freq. used w. a prep.: διὰ πνεύματος 1 Pt 1:22 v.l. ἐξ (ὕδατος καὶ) πνεύματος J 3:5. ἐν πνεύματι in, by, through the Spirit Mt 22:43; Eph 2:22; 3:5; 5:18; 6:18; Col 1:8 (ἀγάπη ἐν πνεύματι love called forth by the Spirit); B 9:7. κατὰ πνεῦμα Ro 8:4f; Gal 4:29. ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος 2 Th 2:13; 1 Pt 1:2 (s. ἁγιασμός).—In neg. expressions: οὔπω ἧν πνεῦμα the Spirit had not yet come J 7:39b. ψυχικοὶ πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες worldly people, who do not have the Spirit Jd 19.—ἓν πνεῦμα one and the same Spirit 1 Cor 12:13; Eph 2:18; 4:4; one (in) Spirit 1 Cor 6:17.ⓔ The Spirit is more closely defined by a gen. of thing: τὸ πν. τῆς ἀληθείας (TestJud 20:5) J 14:17; 15:26; 16:13 (in these three places the Spirit of Truth is the Paraclete promised by Jesus upon his departure); 1J 4:6 (opp. τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πλάνης, as TestJud 20:1; PsSol 8:14 πλ. πλανήσεως; Just., D. 7, 3 πλάνου καὶ ἀκαθάρτου πνεύματος; cp. 1QS 4:23); τὸ τῆς δόξης πν. 1 Pt 4:14. τὸ πν. τῆς ζωῆς the Spirit of life Ro 8:2. το πν. τῆς πίστεως 2 Cor 4:13. πν. σοφίας καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως Eph 1:17 (cp. Just., D. 87, 4). πν. υἱοθεσίας Ro 8:15b (opp. πν. δουλείας vs. 15a). πν. δυνάμεως AcPl Ha 8, 25. πν. δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ 2 Ti 1:7 (opp. πν. δειλίας). τὸ πν. τῆς χάριτος (s. TestJud 24:2) Hb 10:29 (Zech 12:10); cp. 1 Cl 46:6.ⓕ Of Christ ‘it is written’ in Scripture: (ἐγένετο) ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδὰμ εἰς πνεῦμα ζῳοποιοῦν 1 Cor 15:45. The scripture pass. upon which the first part of this verse is based is Gen 2:7, where Wsd 15:11 also substitutes the words πνεῦμα ζωτικόν for πνοὴν ζωῆς (cp. Just., D. 6, 2). On the other hand, s. Philo, Leg. All. 1, 42 and s. the lit. s.v. Ἀδάμ ad loc.ⓖ The (divine) Pneuma stands in contrast to everything that characterizes this age or the finite world gener.: οὐ τὸ πν. τοῦ κόσμου ἀλλὰ τὸ πν. τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:12; cp. Eph 2:2 and 1 Ti 4:1ab.α. in contrast to σάρξ, which is more closely connected w. sin than any other earthly material (Just., D. 135, 6): J 3:6; Ro 8:4–6, 9a, 13; Gal 3:3; 5:17ab; 6:8. Cp. B 10:9. πᾶσα ἐπιθυμία κατὰ τοῦ πνεύματος στρατεύεται Pol 5:3.β. in contrast to σῶμα (=σάρξ) Ro 8:10 and to σάρξ (=σῶμα, as many hold) J 6:63a (for τὸ πν. ἐστιν τὸ ζῳοποιοῦν cp. Philo, Op. Mund. 30; Herm. Wr. in Cyrill., C. Jul. I 556c=542, 24 Sc. the pneuma τὰ πάντα ζῳοποιεῖ καὶ τρέφει. S. also f above). Cp. Ro 8:11b.γ. in contrast to γράμμα, which is the characteristic quality of God’s older declaration of the divine will in the law: Ro 2:29; 7:6; 2 Cor 3:6ab, 8 (cp. vs. 7).δ. in contrast to the wisdom of humans 1 Cor 2:13.⑥ the Spirit of God as exhibited in the character or activity of God’s people or selected agents, Spirit, spirit (s. HPreisker, Geist u. Leben ’33).ⓐ πνεῦμα is accompanied by another noun, which characterizes the working of the Spirit more definitely: πνεῦμα καὶ δύναμις spirit and power Lk 1:17; 1 Cor 2:4. Cp. Ac 10:38; 1 Th 1:5. πνεῦμα καὶ ζωή J 6:63b. πνεῦμα κ. σοφία Ac 6:3; cp. vs. 10 (cp. TestReub 2:6 πνεῦμα λαλίας). πίστις κ. πνεῦμα ἅγιον 6:5 (cp. Just., D. 135, 6). χαρὰ καὶ πνεῦμα ἅγ. 13:52.ⓑ Unless frustrated by humans in their natural condition, the Spirit of God produces a spiritual type of conduct Gal 5:16, 25 and produces the καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος vs. 22 (s. Vögtle under πλεονεξία).ⓒ The Spirit inspires certain people of God B 12:2; B 13:5, above all, in their capacity as proclaimers of a divine revelation (Strabo 9, 3, 5 the πνεῦμα ἐνθουσιαστικόν, that inspired the Pythia; Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2; 33, 5 of the divine πν. that impels prophets and poets to express themselves; schol. on Pla. 856e of a μάντις: ἄνωθεν λαμβάνειν τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ πληροῦσθαι τοῦ θεοῦ; Aristobulus in Eus., PE 8, 10, 4 [=Fgm. 2, 4 p. 136 Holladay] τὸ θεῖον πν., καθʼ ὸ̔ καὶ προφήτης ἀνακεκήρυκται ‘[Moses possessed] the Divine Spirit with the result that he was proclaimed a prophet’; AscIs 1:7 τὸ πν. τὸ λαλοῦν ἐν ἐμοί; AssMos Fgm. f εἶδεν πνεύματι ἐπαρθείς; Just., A I, 38, 1 al.; Ath. 10, 3 τὸ προφητικὸν πν. Cp. Marinus, Vi. Procli 23 of Proclus: οὐ γὰρ ἄνευ θείας ἐπινοίας … διαλέγεσθαι; Orig., C. Cels. 3, 28, 23). προφητεία came into being only as ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου φερόμενοι ἐλάλησαν ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἄνθρωποι 2 Pt 1:21; cp. Ac 15:29 v.l.; cp. 1 Cl 8:1. David Mt 22:43; Mk 12:36; cp. Ac 1:16; 4:25. Isaiah Ac 28:25. Moses B 10:2, B 9; the Spirit was also active in giving the tables of the law to Moses 14:2. Christ himself spoke in the OT διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου 1 Cl 22:1. The ἱεραὶ γραφαί are called αἱ διὰ τοῦ πν. τοῦ ἁγίου 45:2.—The Christian prophet Agabus also ἐσήμαινεν διὰ τοῦ πν. Ac 11:28; cp. Ac 21:11. Likew. Ign. IPhld 7:2. In general the Spirit reveals the most profound secrets to those who believe 1 Cor 2:10ab.—1 Cl claims to be written διὰ τοῦ ἁγ. πν. 63:2. On Ac 19:21 s. 3b.ⓓ The Spirit of God, being one, shows the variety and richness of its life in the different kinds of spiritual gifts which are granted to certain Christians 1 Cor 12:4, 7, 11; cp. vs. 13ab.—Vss. 8–10 enumerate the individual gifts of the Spirit, using various prepositions: διὰ τοὺ πν. vs. 8a; κατὰ τὸ πν. vs. 8b; ἐν τῷ πν. vs. 9ab. τὸ πν. μὴ σβέννυτε do not quench the Spirit 1 Th 5:19 refers to the gift of prophecy, acc. to vs. 20.—The use of the pl. πνεύματα is explained in 1 Cor 14:12 by the varied nature of the Spirit’s working; in vs. 32 by the number of persons who possess the prophetic spirit; on the latter s. Rv 22:6 and 19:10.ⓔ One special type of spiritual gift is represented by ecstatic speaking. Of those who ‘speak in tongues’ that no earthly person can understand: πνεύματι λαλεῖ μυστήρια expresses secret things in a spiritual way 1 Cor 14:2. Cp. vss. 14–16 and s. νοῦς 1b. τὸ πνεῦμα ὑπερεντυγχάνει στεναγμοῖς ἀλαλήτοις the Spirit pleads in our behalf with groans beyond words Ro 8:26b. Of speech that is ecstatic, but expressed in words that can be understood λαλεῖν ἐν πνεύματι D 11:7, 8; cp. vs. 9 (on the subject-matter 1 Cor 12:3; Jos., Ant. 4, 118f; TestJob 43:2 ἀναλαβὼν Ἐλιφᾶς πν. εἶπεν ὕμνον). Of the state of mind of the seer of the Apocalypse: ἐν πνεύματι Rv 17:3; 21:10; γενέσθαι ἐν πν. 1:10; 4:2 (s. γίνομαι 5c, ἐν 4c and EMoering, StKr 92, 1920, 148–54; RJeske, NTS 31, ’85, 452–66); AcPl Ha 6, 27. On the Spirit at Pentecost Ac 2:4 s. KLake: Beginn. I 5, ’33, 111–21. κατασταλέντος τοῦ πν. τοῦ ἐν Μύρτῃ when the Spirit (of prophecy) that was in Myrta ceased speaking AcPl Ha 7, 9.ⓕ The Spirit leads and directs Christian missionaries in their journeys (Aelian, NA 11, 16 the young women are led blindfolded to the cave of the holy serpent; they are guided by a πνεῦμα θεῖον) Ac 16:6, 7 (by dreams, among other methods; cp. vs. 9f and s. Marinus, Vi. Procli 27: Proclus ἔφασκεν προθυμηθῆναι μὲν πολλάκις γράψαι, κωλυθῆναι δὲ ἐναργῶς ἔκ τινων ἐνυπνίων). In Ac 16:6–7 τὸ ἅγιον πν. and τὸ πν. Ἰησοῦ are distinguished.⑦ an activating spirit that is not fr. God, spirit: πν. ἔτερον a different (kind of) spirit 2 Cor 11:4. Cp. 2 Th 2:2; 1J 4:1–3. Because there are persons activated by such spirits, it is necessary to test the var. kinds of spirits (the same problem Artem. 3, 20 περὶ διαφορᾶς μάντεων, οἷς δεῖ προσέχειν καὶ οἷς μή) 1 Cor 12:10; 1J 4:1b. ὁ διάβολος πληροῖ αὐτὸν αὐτοῦ πν. Hm 11:3. Also οὐκ οἴδατε ποίου πνεύματός ἐστε Lk 9:55 v.l. distinguishes betw. the spirit shown by Jesus’ disciples, and another kind of spirit.—Even more rarely a spirit divinely given that is not God’s own; so (in a quot. fr. Is 29:10) a πνεῦμα κατανύξεως Ro 11:8.⑧ an independent transcendent personality, the Spirit, which appears in formulas that became more and more fixed and distinct (cp. Ath. 12, 2; Hippol., Ref. 7, 26, 2.—Ps.-Lucian, Philopatr. 12 θεόν, υἱόν πατρός, πνεῦμα ἐκ πατρὸς ἐκπορευόμενον ἓν ἐκ τριῶν καὶ ἐξ ἑνὸς τρία, ταῦτα νόμιζε Ζῆνα, τόνδʼ ἡγοῦ θεόν=‘God, son of the father, spirit proceeding from the father, one from three and three from one, consider these as Zeus, think of this one as God’. The entire context bears a Christian impress.—As Aion in gnostic speculation Iren. 1, 2, 5 [Harv. I 21, 2]): βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος Mt 28:19 (on the text s. βαπτίζω 2c; on the subject-matter GWalther, Die Entstehung des Taufsymbols aus dem Taufritus: StKr 95, 1924, 256ff); D 7:1, 3. Cp. 2 Cor 13:13; 1 Cl 58:2; IEph 9:1; IMg 13:1b, 2; MPol 14:3; 22:1, 3; Epil Mosq 5. On this s. HUsener, Dreiheit: RhM 58, 1903, 1ff; 161ff; 321ff; esp. 36ff; EvDobschütz, Zwei-u. dreigliedrige Formeln: JBL 50, ’31, 116–47 (also Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 92–100); Norden, Agn. Th. 228ff; JMainz, Die Bed. der Dreizahl im Judentum 1922; Clemen2 125–28; NSöderblom, Vater, Sohn u. Geist 1909; DNielsen, Der dreieinige Gott I 1922; GKrüger, Das Dogma v. der Dreieinigkeit 1905, 46ff; AHarnack, Entstehung u. Entwicklung der Kirchenverfassung 1910, 187ff; JHaussleiter, Trinitarischer Glaube u. Christusbekenntnis in der alten Kirche: BFCT XXV 4, 1920; JLebreton, Histoire du dogme de la Trinité I: Les origines6 1927; RBlümel, Pls u. d. dreieinige Gott 1929.—On the whole word FRüsche, D. Seelenpneuma ’33; HLeisegang, Der Hl. Geist I 1, 1919; EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 486–95; PVolz, Der Geist Gottes u. d. verwandten Erscheinungen im AT 1910; JHehn, Zum Problem des Geistes im alten Orient u. im AT: ZAW n.s. 2, 1925, 210–25; SLinder, Studier till Gamla Testamentets föreställningar om anden 1926; AMarmorstein, Der Hl. Geist in der rabb. Legende: ARW 28, 1930, 286–303; NSnaith, The Distinctive Ideas of the OT ’46, 229–37; FDillistone, Bibl. Doctrine of the Holy Spirit: Theology Today 3, ’46/47, 486–97; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 341–46; ESchweizer, CDodd Festschr., ’56, 482–508; DLys, Rûach, Le Souffle dans l’AT, ’62; DHill, Gk. Words and Hebr. Mngs. ’67, 202–93.—HGunkel, Die Wirkungen des Hl. Geistes2 1899; HWeinel, Die Wirkungen des Geistes u. der Geister im nachap. Zeitalter 1899; EWinstanley, The Spirit in the NT 1908; HSwete, The Holy Spirit in the NT 1909, The Holy Spirit in the Ancient Church 1912; EScott, The Spirit in the NT 1923; FBüchsel, Der Geist Gottes im NT 1926; EvDobschütz, Der Geistbesitz des Christen im Urchristentum: Monatsschr. für Pastoral-theol. 20, 1924, 228ff; FBadcock, ‘The Spirit’ and Spirit in the NT: ET 45, ’34, 218–21; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 151–62 (Eng. tr. KGrobel, ’51, I 153–64); ESchweizer, Geist u. Gemeinde im NT ’52, Int 6, ’52, 259–78.—WTosetti, Der Hl. Geist als göttliche Pers. in den Evangelien 1918; HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion. Der Ursprung des Geistbegriffs der Syn. Ev. aus der griech. Mystik 1922; AFrövig, Das Sendungsbewusstsein Jesu u. der Geist 1924; HWindisch, Jes. u. d. Geist nach Syn. Überl.: Studies in Early Christianity, presented to FCPorter and BWBacon 1928, 209–36; FSynge, The Holy Spirit in the Gospels and Acts: CQR 120, ’35, 205–17; CBarrett, The Holy Spirit and the Gospel Trad. ’47.—ESokolowski, Die Begriffe Geist u. Leben bei Pls 1903; KDeissner, Auferstehungshoffnung u. Pneumagedanke bei Pls 1912; GVos, The Eschatological Aspect of the Pauline Conception of the Spirit: Bibl. and Theol. Studies by the Faculty of Princeton Theol. Sem. 1912, 209–59; HBertrams, Das Wesen des Geistes nach d. Anschauung des Ap. Pls 1913; WReinhard, Das Wirken des Hl. Geistes im Menschen nach den Briefen des Ap. Pls 1918; HHoyle, The Holy Spirit in St. Paul 1928; PGächter, Z. Pneumabegriff des hl. Pls: ZKT 53, 1929, 345–408; ASchweitzer, D. Mystik des Ap. Pls 1930, 159–74 al. [Mysticism of Paul the Apostle, tr. WMontgomery ’31, 160–76 al.]; E-BAllo, RB 43, ’34, 321–46 [1 Cor]; Ltzm., Hdb. exc. after Ro 8:11; Synge [s. above], CQR 119, ’35, 79–93 [Pauline epp.]; NWaaning, Onderzoek naar het gebruik van πνεῦμα bij Pls, diss. Amsterd. ’39; RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms, ’71, 167–200.—HvBaer, Der Hl. Geist in den Lukasschriften 1926; MGoguel, La Notion joh. de l’Esprit 1902; JSimpson, The Holy Spirit in the Fourth Gospel: Exp., 9th ser., 4, 1925, 292–99; HWindisch, Jes. u. d. Geist im J.: Amicitiae Corolla (RHarris Festschr.) ’33, 303–18; WLofthouse, The Holy Spirit in Ac and J: ET 52, ’40/41, 334–36; CBarrett, The Holy Spirit in the Fourth Gospel: JTS 1 n.s., ’50, 1–15; FCrump, Pneuma in the Gospels, diss. Catholic Univ. of America, ’54; GLampe, Studies in the Gospels (RHLightfoot memorial vol.) ’55, 159–200; NHamilton, The Holy Spirit and Eschatology in Paul, ’57; WDavies, Paul and the Dead Sea Scrolls, Flesh and Spirit: The Scrolls and the NT, ed. KStendahl, ’57, 157–82.—GJohnston, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Holy Spirit’ in the Qumran Lit.: NT Sidelights (ACPurdy Festschr.) ’60, 27–42; JPryke, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Flesh’ in Qumran and NT, RevQ 5, ’65, 346–60; HBraun, Qumran und d. NT II, ’66, 150–64; DHill, Greek Words and Hebrew Meanings, ’67, 202–93; WBieder, Pneumatolog. Aspekte im Hb, OCullmann Festschr. ’72, 251–59; KEasley, The Pauline Usage of πνεύματι as a Reference to the Spirit of God: JETS 27, ’84, 299–313 (statistics).—B. 260; 1087. Pauly-W. XIV 387–412. BHHW I 534–37. Schmidt, Syn. II 218–50. New Docs 4, 38f. DELG s.v. πνέω. M-M. Dict. de la Bible XI 126–398. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
14 abandonar
v.1 to leave (place).María abandonó la habitación rápidamente Mary abandoned the room quickly.2 to leave (person).3 to give up (estudios).abandonó la carrera en el tercer año she dropped out of university in her third year, she gave up her studies in her third year4 to abandon, to desert, to forsake, to bail out on.Pedro abandonó a su familia Peter abandoned his family.Silvia abandonó sus sueños por Pedro Silvia abandoned her dreams for Peter.5 to quit, to cease trying, to desist, to give up.María abandonó Mary quit.6 to check out on.* * *1 (desamparar) to abandon, forsake2 (lugar) to leave, quit3 (actividad) to give up, withdraw from4 (traicionar) to desert5 (renunciar) to relinquish, renounce6 (descuidar) to neglect7 DEPORTE (retirarse) to withdraw from1 (descuidarse) to neglect oneself, let oneself go2 (entregarse) to give oneself up (a, to)3 (ceder) to give in* * *verb1) to abandon2) desert3) leave4) neglect5) give up6) renounce•* * *1. VT1) (=dejar abandonado) [+ cónyuge, hijo] to abandon, desert; [+ animal, casa, posesiones] to abandon; [+ obligaciones] to neglectla abandonó por otra mujer — he abandoned o deserted her for another woman
tuvimos que abandonar nuestras pertenencias en la huida — we had to abandon all our belongings when we fled
2) (=marcharse de) [+ lugar, organización] to leave3) (=renunciar a) [+ estudios, proyecto] to give up, abandon; [+ costumbre, cargo] to give up; [+ privilegio, título] to renounce, relinquishhemos abandonado la idea de montar un negocio — we have given up o abandoned the idea of starting a business
he decidido abandonar la política — I've decided to give up o abandon politics
si el tratamiento no da resultado lo abandonaremos — if the treatment doesn't work, we'll abandon it
se comprometieron a abandonar sus reivindicaciones territoriales — they promised to renounce o relinquish their territorial claims
4) [buen humor, suerte] to desert2. VI1) (Atletismo) [antes de la prueba] to pull out, withdraw; [durante la prueba] to pull out, retire2) (Boxeo) to concede defeat, throw in the towel * o (EEUU) sponge3) (Ajedrez) to resign, concede4) (Inform) to quit3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) (frml) < lugar> to leavelas tropas abandonaron el área — the troops pulled out of o left the area
b) <familia/bebé> to leave, abandon; <marido/amante> to leave; <coche/barco> to abandon2) fuerzas to desert3)a) <actividad/propósito/esperanza> to give upabandonó la lucha — he gave up the fight, he abandoned the struggle
abandonar los estudios — to drop out of school/college
b) (Dep) <carrera/partido> to retire, pull out2.abandonar vi (Dep)a) (antes de la carrera, competición) to withdraw, pull outb) (iniciada la carrera, competición) to retire, pull out; ( en ajedrez) to resign; (en boxeo, lucha) to concede defeat3.abandonarse v pron1) ( entregarse)abandonarse a algo — a vicios/placeres to abandon oneself to something
2) ( en el aspecto personal) to let oneself go* * *= abandon, abort, drop, eschew, give up, quit, relinquish, stop, leave + wandering in, forsake, sweep aside, desert, opt out of, scrap, pull back, ditch, surrender, bail out, bargain away, dump, maroon, flake out, leave by + the wayside, get away, desist, go + cold turkey, walk out on, walk out, jump + ship.Ex. The Library of Congress has now reconsidered the position, and abandoned what was known as its compatible headings policy.Ex. It is important to know what police or fire responses are triggered by alarms and how that reaction can be aborted and the alarm silenced.Ex. Unfruitful lines of enquiry are dropped and new and more promising search terms are introduced as the search progresses.Ex. However, most contributors to the debate about the future of SLIS have eschewed practicalities in favour of sweeping and dramatic generalizations.Ex. If support for quality cataloging is not going to be given, I think we should give it up entirely.Ex. If you decide not to send or save the message, replace the question mark in front of ' Quit' with another character.Ex. The Library will consider relinquishing them only when there is strong assurance that their transfer would not adversely affect the library community.Ex. Program function key 1 (FP1) tells DOBIS/LIBIS to stop whatever it is doing and go back to the function selection screen.Ex. It is our professional duty to help the reader, leading him from author to author, book to book, with enough sure-footed confidence that he is guided up the literary mountain and not left wandering in the viewless foothills because of one's own incompetence.Ex. Indeed, she was delighted to forsake the urban reality of steel and glass, traffic and crime, aspirin and litter, for the sort of over-the-fence friendliness of the smaller city.Ex. The development of optical fibres for information transmission has exciting potential here, but there is a very large investment in the present systems which cannot be swept aside overnight.Ex. Recently, however, libraries have deserted the individual and have pandered too much to the needs of the general public.Ex. The author takes a critical look at the UK government's education policy with regard to schools' ' opting out' of local government control.Ex. There have even been rumours of plans to scrap most of the industrial side of its work and disperse key elements, such as the work on regional and industrial aid, to the provinces.Ex. To pull back now would make both her and him look bad.Ex. It is time that higher education institutions accepted the wisdom of collaboration and ditched, once and for all, the rhetoric of competition = Ya es hora de que las instituciones de enseñanza superior acepten la colaboración y rechacen, de una vez por todas, la competitividad.Ex. Instead the two ecclesiastical disputes which arose from Diocletian's decree to surrender scriptures must be seen as more disastrous to Christian unity than the destruction of libraries.Ex. In the article ' Bailing out' 9 of the 10 librarians interviewed admitted that they were trying to get out of librarianship partly due to unrealistic expectations learned in library school.Ex. Reduced support is a fact of life, and librarians cannot bargain away their budget pressures.Ex. The books may simply be laid before the librarian as they are found, ' dumped in his lap', as one writer puts it.Ex. A seemingly simple tale of schoolboys marooned on an island, the novel 'Lord of the Flies' is an enigmatic and provocative piece of literature.Ex. The actress flaked out again and the director is trying to line up a replacement.Ex. She seeks to recontextualize those events that history has estranged, destroyed or capriciously left by the wayside.Ex. Guards in the lead car of the convoy threw their doors open and ran for cover, screaming, 'Get away, get away'.Ex. One of them sputtered and gesticulated with sufficient violence to induce us to desist.Ex. Judging by the critical responses to the article so far, it looks like the world isn't quite ready to go cold turkey on its religion addiction.Ex. There are many thankless jobs in this world, but does that mean you can just walk out on them for your own selfish reasons?.Ex. At least five members of the audience walked out during the bishop's address.Ex. A new study suggests that up to 40% of currently employed individuals are ready to jump ship once the economy rebounds.----* abandonar el barco = abandon + ship.* abandonar las armas = put down + weapons.* abandonar los estudios = drop out (from school), drop out of + school.* abandonar los servicios de Alguien = drop out.* abandonarse = go to + seed.* abandonarse a = abandon + Reflexivo + to.* abandonar toda esperanza = give up + hope.* abandonar (toda/la) esperanza = abandon + (all) hope.* abandonar un hábito = stop + habit.* abandonar un lugar = quit + Lugar.* estudiante de bachiller que abandona los estudios = high-school dropout.* estudiante universitario que abandona los estudios = college dropout.* no abandonar = stick with, stand by.* persona que abandona Algo = quitter.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) (frml) < lugar> to leavelas tropas abandonaron el área — the troops pulled out of o left the area
b) <familia/bebé> to leave, abandon; <marido/amante> to leave; <coche/barco> to abandon2) fuerzas to desert3)a) <actividad/propósito/esperanza> to give upabandonó la lucha — he gave up the fight, he abandoned the struggle
abandonar los estudios — to drop out of school/college
b) (Dep) <carrera/partido> to retire, pull out2.abandonar vi (Dep)a) (antes de la carrera, competición) to withdraw, pull outb) (iniciada la carrera, competición) to retire, pull out; ( en ajedrez) to resign; (en boxeo, lucha) to concede defeat3.abandonarse v pron1) ( entregarse)abandonarse a algo — a vicios/placeres to abandon oneself to something
2) ( en el aspecto personal) to let oneself go* * *= abandon, abort, drop, eschew, give up, quit, relinquish, stop, leave + wandering in, forsake, sweep aside, desert, opt out of, scrap, pull back, ditch, surrender, bail out, bargain away, dump, maroon, flake out, leave by + the wayside, get away, desist, go + cold turkey, walk out on, walk out, jump + ship.Ex: The Library of Congress has now reconsidered the position, and abandoned what was known as its compatible headings policy.
Ex: It is important to know what police or fire responses are triggered by alarms and how that reaction can be aborted and the alarm silenced.Ex: Unfruitful lines of enquiry are dropped and new and more promising search terms are introduced as the search progresses.Ex: However, most contributors to the debate about the future of SLIS have eschewed practicalities in favour of sweeping and dramatic generalizations.Ex: If support for quality cataloging is not going to be given, I think we should give it up entirely.Ex: If you decide not to send or save the message, replace the question mark in front of ' Quit' with another character.Ex: The Library will consider relinquishing them only when there is strong assurance that their transfer would not adversely affect the library community.Ex: Program function key 1 (FP1) tells DOBIS/LIBIS to stop whatever it is doing and go back to the function selection screen.Ex: It is our professional duty to help the reader, leading him from author to author, book to book, with enough sure-footed confidence that he is guided up the literary mountain and not left wandering in the viewless foothills because of one's own incompetence.Ex: Indeed, she was delighted to forsake the urban reality of steel and glass, traffic and crime, aspirin and litter, for the sort of over-the-fence friendliness of the smaller city.Ex: The development of optical fibres for information transmission has exciting potential here, but there is a very large investment in the present systems which cannot be swept aside overnight.Ex: Recently, however, libraries have deserted the individual and have pandered too much to the needs of the general public.Ex: The author takes a critical look at the UK government's education policy with regard to schools' ' opting out' of local government control.Ex: There have even been rumours of plans to scrap most of the industrial side of its work and disperse key elements, such as the work on regional and industrial aid, to the provinces.Ex: To pull back now would make both her and him look bad.Ex: It is time that higher education institutions accepted the wisdom of collaboration and ditched, once and for all, the rhetoric of competition = Ya es hora de que las instituciones de enseñanza superior acepten la colaboración y rechacen, de una vez por todas, la competitividad.Ex: Instead the two ecclesiastical disputes which arose from Diocletian's decree to surrender scriptures must be seen as more disastrous to Christian unity than the destruction of libraries.Ex: In the article ' Bailing out' 9 of the 10 librarians interviewed admitted that they were trying to get out of librarianship partly due to unrealistic expectations learned in library school.Ex: Reduced support is a fact of life, and librarians cannot bargain away their budget pressures.Ex: The books may simply be laid before the librarian as they are found, ' dumped in his lap', as one writer puts it.Ex: A seemingly simple tale of schoolboys marooned on an island, the novel 'Lord of the Flies' is an enigmatic and provocative piece of literature.Ex: The actress flaked out again and the director is trying to line up a replacement.Ex: She seeks to recontextualize those events that history has estranged, destroyed or capriciously left by the wayside.Ex: Guards in the lead car of the convoy threw their doors open and ran for cover, screaming, 'Get away, get away'.Ex: One of them sputtered and gesticulated with sufficient violence to induce us to desist.Ex: Judging by the critical responses to the article so far, it looks like the world isn't quite ready to go cold turkey on its religion addiction.Ex: There are many thankless jobs in this world, but does that mean you can just walk out on them for your own selfish reasons?.Ex: At least five members of the audience walked out during the bishop's address.Ex: A new study suggests that up to 40% of currently employed individuals are ready to jump ship once the economy rebounds.* abandonar el barco = abandon + ship.* abandonar las armas = put down + weapons.* abandonar los estudios = drop out (from school), drop out of + school.* abandonar los servicios de Alguien = drop out.* abandonarse = go to + seed.* abandonarse a = abandon + Reflexivo + to.* abandonar toda esperanza = give up + hope.* abandonar (toda/la) esperanza = abandon + (all) hope.* abandonar un hábito = stop + habit.* abandonar un lugar = quit + Lugar.* estudiante de bachiller que abandona los estudios = high-school dropout.* estudiante universitario que abandona los estudios = college dropout.* no abandonar = stick with, stand by.* persona que abandona Algo = quitter.* * *abandonar [A1 ]vtA1 ( frml); ‹lugar› to leaveel público abandonó el teatro the audience left the theaterse le concedió un plazo de 48 horas para abandonar el país he was given 48 hours to leave the countrymiles de personas abandonan la capital durante el verano thousands of people leave the capital in the summerlas tropas han comenzado a abandonar el área the troops have started to pull out of o leave the areaabandonó la reunión en señal de protesta he walked out of the meeting in protest2 ‹persona›abandonó a su familia he abandoned o deserted his familylo abandonó por otro she left him for another manabandonó al bebé en la puerta del hospital she abandoned o left the baby at the entrance to the hospitalabandonar a algn A algo to abandon sb TO sthdecidió volver, abandonando al grupo a su suerte he decided to turn back, abandoning the group to its fate3 ‹coche/barco› to abandonB «fuerzas» to desertlas fuerzas lo abandonaron y cayó al suelo his strength deserted him and he fell to the floorla suerte me ha abandonado my luck has run out o deserted menunca lo abandona el buen humor he's always good-humored, his good humor never deserts himC ‹actividad/propósito› to give upabandonó los estudios she abandoned o gave up her studies¿vas a abandonar el curso cuando te falta tan poco? you're not going to drop out of o give up the course at this late stage, are you?abandonó la lucha he gave up the fight, he abandoned the struggleha abandonado toda pretensión de salir elegido he has given up o abandoned any hopes he had of being electedabandonó la terapia he gave up his therapy, he stopped having therapy■ abandonarvi( Dep)1 (antes de iniciarse la carrera, competición) to withdraw, pull out2 (una vez iniciada la carrera, competición) to retire, pull out; (en ajedrez) to resign; (en boxeo, lucha) to concede defeat, throw in the towelA(descuidarse): desde que tuvo hijos se ha abandonado since she had her children she's let herself gono te abandones y ve al médico don't neglect your health, go and see the doctorB (entregarse) abandonarse A algo ‹a vicios/placeres› to abandon oneself TO sthse abandonó al ocio she gave herself up to o abandoned herself to a life of leisurese abandonó al sueño he gave in to o succumbed to sleep, he let sleep overcome him, he surrendered to sleep* * *
abandonar ( conjugate abandonar) verbo transitivo
1
‹marido/amante› to leave;
‹coche/barco› to abandon;
2 [ fuerzas] to desert
3
◊ abandonar los estudios to drop out of school/college
verbo intransitivo (Dep)
(en boxeo, lucha) to concede defeat
abandonarse verbo pronominal
1 ( entregarse) abandonarse a algo ‹a vicios/placeres› to abandon oneself to sth
2 ( en el aspecto personal) to let oneself go
abandonar
I verbo transitivo
1 (irse de) to leave, quit: tenemos que vernos hoy, porque mañana abandono Madrid, we've got to see eachother today because I'm leaving Madrid tomorrow
2 (a una persona, a un animal) to abandon
abandonar a alguien a su suerte, to leave someone to his fate
3 (un proyecto, los estudios) to give up
4 Dep (retirarse de una carrera) to drop out of
(un deporte) to drop
II vi (desfallecer) to give up: los resultados no son los esperados, pero no abandones, the results aren't as good as we expected, but don't give up
' abandonar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
dejar
- botar
- plantar
English:
abandon
- back away
- cast aside
- caution
- desert
- drop
- forsake
- free
- give up on
- habit
- idea
- jettison
- leave
- quit
- retire
- scrap
- stand by
- throw in
- walk out
- ditch
- give
- maroon
- stick
- vacate
- walk
* * *♦ vt1. [lugar] to leave;[barco, vehículo] to abandon;abandonó la sala tras el discurso she left the hall after the speech;abandonó su pueblo para trabajar en la ciudad she left her home town for a job in the city;abandonar el barco to abandon ship;¡abandonen el barco! abandon ship!;los cascos azules abandonarán pronto la región the UN peacekeeping troops will soon be pulling out of the region2. [persona] to leave;[hijo, animal] to abandon;abandonó a su hijo she abandoned her son;¡nunca te abandonaré! I'll never leave you!3. [estudios] to give up;[proyecto] to abandon;abandonó la carrera en el tercer año she dropped out of university in her third year, she gave up her studies in her third year;han amenazado con abandonar las negociaciones they have threatened to walk out of the negotiations;han amenazado con abandonar la liga they have threatened to pull out of the league;abandonar la lucha to give up the fight4. [sujeto: suerte, buen humor] to desert;lo abandonaron las fuerzas y tuvo que retirarse his strength gave out and he had to drop out;nunca la abandona su buen humor she never loses her good humour♦ vi1. [en carrera, competición] to pull out, to withdraw;[en ajedrez] to resign; [en boxeo] to throw in the towel;abandonó en el primer asalto his corner threw in the towel in the first round;una avería lo obligó a abandonar en la segunda vuelta a mechanical fault forced him to retire on the second lap2. [rendirse] to give up;no abandones ahora que estás casi al final don't give up now you've almost reached the end* * *I v/tII v/i DEP pull out* * *abandonar vt1) dejar: to abandon, to leave2) : to give up, to quitabandonaron la búsqueda: they gave up the search* * *abandonar vb2. (un sitio) to leave -
15 COP
1) Общая лексика: (Chief Of Party) руководитель проекта (из терминологии USAID)2) Американизм: Coastal Ocean Program3) Спорт: Close Of Play4) Военный термин: Command Observation Post, Common Operational Picture, Common Operational Plan, Community Of Practice, Contingency Operation Plan, Crashout Package, capability objective package, coefficient of performance, coherent optical processor, combat outpost, command objective plan, command operating program, command operational post, command post, commanding officers' punishment, commissary operating plan, compact periscope, contingency operations plan, contingency outline plan, continuity of operations plan, control of operations program, cost of production, current operating procedure, общая оперативная картина (Common Operational Picture)6) Религия: Christians On Patrol7) Юридический термин: Coalition Of Police, Community On Patrol, Community Oriented Police, Community Oriented Policing, Conference Of Parties, Conference Of The Parties, Consumption On Premises, Contempt Of Police8) Автомобильный термин: coil on plug electronic ignition9) Сокращение: Career Opportunity Program, Certificate of Proficiency, Close Observation Platoon, Colombian Peso, Common Operating Picture, Continuation Of Pay (disability), Coptic, Crude Oil Purchasing, Cut-Order-Planning Program, Conference of Parties (КС) Конференция Сторон Рамочной Конвенции ООН об изменении климата (РКИК)10) Электроника: Controller Operating Properly11) Нефть: закупка сырой нефти (crude oil purchasing)12) Транспорт: Child Occupancy Protection, Child Occupant Protection13) Холодильная техника: коэффициент производительности, холодильный коэффициент (coefficient of performance), холодильный коэффициент14) СМИ: Children Of The Phoenix15) Деловая лексика: Call Or Put Warrant, Certificate Of Production, Cross Our Palms, таможня порта (custom of port)16) Производство: conformity of production17) Образование: Certificate of Participation, Committee of Practitioners18) Валютные операции: Колумбийское песо (Columbian peso)19) Сетевые технологии: Coda Optimistic Protocol, cellular optimized processor, character-oriented protocol, протокол посимвольной передачи данных, процессор передачи данных20) Макаров: Codes of Practice, character-output printer, coorbiting platforms21) Лифты: car operating panel22) Нефть и газ: карбонатно-органический полимер, carbonate-organic polymer23) Электротехника: capacity outage probability24) ООН: Convention Of The Parties25) Общественная организация: Christian Orthopaedic Partners26) Должность: Constable On Patrol, Continuation Of Pay27) NYSE. Consolidated Products, Inc. (delisted)28) Международные перевозки: customs of port -
16 PC
1) Общая лексика: ПЭВМ, (Permanent Council) ПС (Постоянный совет) (ОБСЕ)2) Компьютерная техника: Painless Computing, Personal Computing, Personally Configured, Poor Communication, Proactive Computing, Processor Control, Programmable Calculator3) Геология: Pacific Coast, Pocket Computer4) Медицина: Prompt Care, primary cell, prenylcysteine5) Американизм: Penn Charter, Presidents Council, Privatization And Cuts6) Спорт: Paul's Chips, Pitch Class, Player Characteristic, Player Coach, Pre Christ, Punt Center, Республиканский Совет7) Латинский язык: Patres Conscripti8) Военный термин: II PROVIDE COMFORT II, Parallel Computing, Pass Certified, Patrol Coastal, Pay Corps, Paymaster-in-Chief, Pharmacy Corps, Police Corps, Postal Clerk, Power Converter, Procurement Command, Provide Comfort, pack code, panoramic camera, paralyzing concentration, parts catalog, past commander, patrol carrier, patrol commander, patrol craft, pay clerk, performance code, personnel carrier, plane captain, plane commander, port call, positive control, post commander, power control, predictor control, primary center, principal chaplain, procurement coordinator, production control, program change, program control, programmed check, project code, project control, project coordination, projector charge, prophylactic center, prototype concept, pseudocode, purchasing and contracting9) Техника: Personal Call, current price, paper chromatography, parity check, parity control, partly cash, pay card, perfectly conducting, peripheral controller, personal correction, phase center, photo-cathode, photoconductor, plant computer, plasma chromatography, polar crane, polymer concrete, power center, pressure chamber, prime contractor, private circuit, process computer, process control, process controller, production certificate, professional communication, program console, program coordinator, program costs, project charter, proportional counter, propulsive coefficient, protective clothing, protective coating, pulse counter, показатель концентрации солей10) Сельское хозяйство: post challenge, prime cost11) Шутливое выражение: Perfect Computer, Personal Confuser, Plastic Computer12) Химия: Propylene Carbonate, potential controller13) Математика: Perfectly Complex, Polar Cycloaddition, исчисление высказываний (propositional calculus), исчисление предикатов (predicate calculus), парное сравнение (paired comparison)14) Религия: Perfectly Created, Persecuted Christian15) Метеорология: Program Council16) Железнодорожный термин: Consolidated Rail Corporation17) Юридический термин: Partial Conversion, Personal Cause, Personal Copier, Personally Corrupt, Physical Containment, Plain Courtesy, Probable Cause18) Бухгалтерия: Per Capita, Premier Casting19) Астрономия: Planetary Contrast20) Ветеринария: Pet Chihuahua, Pony Club21) Грубое выражение: Piece Of Crap, Poncey Crap, Pretentious Crap, Pretty Crappy, Pushy Chick22) Металлургия: первичное охлаждение (primary cooling) (прямого коксового газа)23) Музыка: Polyphonic Collection24) Оптика: photoconductive25) Политика: Pitcairn Islands, Progressive Conservative, политкорректно, политкорректный26) Радио: Poor Connection, PALAPA-C, диапазон С-Палапа (спутниковый)27) Телекоммуникации: Path Control, Personal Communications, Program Counter, персональный компьютер28) Сокращение: (type abbreviation) Patrol craft, Patrol Craft (River; R), Patrol Craft, Fast (USA; F), Peace Corps, PerCent; PerCentage, Personal Computer (IBM wants you to believe a specific kind), Physical Conditioning, Platoon Commander, Player Character, Post Card, Postal & Courier, Printed Circuit (electronics circuit board), Privileged Character, Privy Council, Providence College, Pulse Compression, paid cash, pitch circle, planned cost, plug cock, point of curve, police constable, private contract, production cost, тайный совет (Великобритания) (a privy council), Progressive Conservative party (Canada), Post Cibum (after meals), prime costs, privy councillor29) Текстиль: Pearl Cotton30) Университет: Partial Credit, Pomona College31) Физиология: After Meals, Perforated Cranium, Peripheral Clarity, Phone call, Posterior Cervical, Present Complaint32) Электроника: Powder Coating, Pre-emphasis Circuits33) Вычислительная техника: DOS personal computer disk operating system, Priority Control, Protocol Control, parameter checkout, photocell, primary cache, processing complexity, programmable controller, pulse code, pulse controller, punched card, Printed Circuit (IC), Player Character (see, Role-playing), персональный компьютер семейства IBM PC, указатель команд34) Нефть: photoclinometer, производственный сертификат (production certificate), Peзиcтивимeтpия35) Иммунология: Primitive Cell36) Биохимия: phosphatidylcholine37) Онкология: Prostate Cancer38) Картография: pilotage chart, point of curvature39) Банковское дело: мелкие деньги (petty cash), небольшая наличная сумма (petty cash), разменная монета (petty cash), сертификат участия (PC participation certificate)40) Биотехнология: Pockels cell41) Геофизика: персональная электронно-вычислительная машина42) Транспорт: Passenger Car, Politically Correct, Precious Cargo43) Пищевая промышленность: Pass The Corona, Plant Corn, Pork Chops44) Силикатное производство: photochromic, portland cement45) Фирменный знак: PCA Electronics, Prism Card46) Энергетика: (powderized coal) порошкообразный уголь48) Деловая лексика: Paper Copy, Paying Customer, Person Contacted, Personally Crafted, Planning And Control, Power Compact, Precedents Committee, Product Closure, Production Capability, Production Cup, Professional Corporation, Profit Choice, Profitability Constraint, Purchase Constantly, персональная вычислительная машина (personal computer), частичная загрузка, производственный контракт49) Бурение: портер-крик (Porter Creek; свита группы мидуэй палеоцена третичной системы), пэйнт-крик (Paint Creek; свита отдела честер миссисипской системы), укороченная бурильная труба (pony collar)50) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Pressure control, processing center51) Образование: Perfect For Child, Phrase Command, Physically Challenged, Polite And Courteous52) Инвестиции: participation certificate, petty cash53) Сетевые технологии: Personal Cluster, personal computer, ПК, персональный компьютер семейства54) Полимеры: polycarbonate, polychloroprene, post-chlorinated, potential corrosivity, pressure controller55) Автоматика: plug control, персональная ЭВМ, программируемый командоаппарат, программируемый контроллер56) Контроль качества: parameter check-out57) Химическое оружие: ( KHIMBIOKOM) -\> President's Committee for Conventional Problems of Chemical and Biological Weapons, Project coordinator59) Макаров: phase comparator, programmable control, programming center, поликарбонат, (plug control) цикловое ПУ60) Расширение файла: Parametric Cubic, Printed Circuit, Processor Controller, Program Computer, Punch Card, Text file containing IBM PC specific info61) Нефть и газ: process condensate, performance contract, (Production Crude) Добытая нефть62) Логистика: physical cases (кейсы, ящики, контейнеры)63) Военно-политический термин: Political Committee64) Электротехника: peaking capacity, phase control, power contactor, pulsating current, pulverized coal65) Имена и фамилии: Prince Charming66) Ebay. Piece (e.g., "2pc" means the auction comes with two total units)67) Печатные платы: production capable68) ООН: Peaceful Coexistance69) Цемент: plain cement, бездобавочный цемент, клинкерный цемент, цемент без добавок, чистый клинкерный цемент, straight cement70) Общественная организация: Population Connection, Population Council, Presidential Classroom, Programme Committee, Public Citizen71) Должность: Paper Carrier, Perfect Corner, Perfectly Comfortable, Personal Consultant, Poetic Chap, Privy Counsellor72) Чат: Past Caring, Post A Comment, Pretty Chancy, Pretty Cheap, Pretty Clever, Pretty Cool, Pretty Cute73) Правительство: Pacific Crest, Panama City, Florida, Pepper Canyon, Pine Creek74) NYSE. P C Holdings, S. A.75) Аэропорты: система количества мест (Piece Conсept:; as opposed to Weight Conсept)76) Программное обеспечение: Proof Checker77) Хобби: Platina Cards -
17 Pc
1) Общая лексика: ПЭВМ, (Permanent Council) ПС (Постоянный совет) (ОБСЕ)2) Компьютерная техника: Painless Computing, Personal Computing, Personally Configured, Poor Communication, Proactive Computing, Processor Control, Programmable Calculator3) Геология: Pacific Coast, Pocket Computer4) Медицина: Prompt Care, primary cell, prenylcysteine5) Американизм: Penn Charter, Presidents Council, Privatization And Cuts6) Спорт: Paul's Chips, Pitch Class, Player Characteristic, Player Coach, Pre Christ, Punt Center, Республиканский Совет7) Латинский язык: Patres Conscripti8) Военный термин: II PROVIDE COMFORT II, Parallel Computing, Pass Certified, Patrol Coastal, Pay Corps, Paymaster-in-Chief, Pharmacy Corps, Police Corps, Postal Clerk, Power Converter, Procurement Command, Provide Comfort, pack code, panoramic camera, paralyzing concentration, parts catalog, past commander, patrol carrier, patrol commander, patrol craft, pay clerk, performance code, personnel carrier, plane captain, plane commander, port call, positive control, post commander, power control, predictor control, primary center, principal chaplain, procurement coordinator, production control, program change, program control, programmed check, project code, project control, project coordination, projector charge, prophylactic center, prototype concept, pseudocode, purchasing and contracting9) Техника: Personal Call, current price, paper chromatography, parity check, parity control, partly cash, pay card, perfectly conducting, peripheral controller, personal correction, phase center, photo-cathode, photoconductor, plant computer, plasma chromatography, polar crane, polymer concrete, power center, pressure chamber, prime contractor, private circuit, process computer, process control, process controller, production certificate, professional communication, program console, program coordinator, program costs, project charter, proportional counter, propulsive coefficient, protective clothing, protective coating, pulse counter, показатель концентрации солей10) Сельское хозяйство: post challenge, prime cost11) Шутливое выражение: Perfect Computer, Personal Confuser, Plastic Computer12) Химия: Propylene Carbonate, potential controller13) Математика: Perfectly Complex, Polar Cycloaddition, исчисление высказываний (propositional calculus), исчисление предикатов (predicate calculus), парное сравнение (paired comparison)14) Религия: Perfectly Created, Persecuted Christian15) Метеорология: Program Council16) Железнодорожный термин: Consolidated Rail Corporation17) Юридический термин: Partial Conversion, Personal Cause, Personal Copier, Personally Corrupt, Physical Containment, Plain Courtesy, Probable Cause18) Бухгалтерия: Per Capita, Premier Casting19) Астрономия: Planetary Contrast20) Ветеринария: Pet Chihuahua, Pony Club21) Грубое выражение: Piece Of Crap, Poncey Crap, Pretentious Crap, Pretty Crappy, Pushy Chick22) Металлургия: первичное охлаждение (primary cooling) (прямого коксового газа)23) Музыка: Polyphonic Collection24) Оптика: photoconductive25) Политика: Pitcairn Islands, Progressive Conservative, политкорректно, политкорректный26) Радио: Poor Connection, PALAPA-C, диапазон С-Палапа (спутниковый)27) Телекоммуникации: Path Control, Personal Communications, Program Counter, персональный компьютер28) Сокращение: (type abbreviation) Patrol craft, Patrol Craft (River; R), Patrol Craft, Fast (USA; F), Peace Corps, PerCent; PerCentage, Personal Computer (IBM wants you to believe a specific kind), Physical Conditioning, Platoon Commander, Player Character, Post Card, Postal & Courier, Printed Circuit (electronics circuit board), Privileged Character, Privy Council, Providence College, Pulse Compression, paid cash, pitch circle, planned cost, plug cock, point of curve, police constable, private contract, production cost, тайный совет (Великобритания) (a privy council), Progressive Conservative party (Canada), Post Cibum (after meals), prime costs, privy councillor29) Текстиль: Pearl Cotton30) Университет: Partial Credit, Pomona College31) Физиология: After Meals, Perforated Cranium, Peripheral Clarity, Phone call, Posterior Cervical, Present Complaint32) Электроника: Powder Coating, Pre-emphasis Circuits33) Вычислительная техника: DOS personal computer disk operating system, Priority Control, Protocol Control, parameter checkout, photocell, primary cache, processing complexity, programmable controller, pulse code, pulse controller, punched card, Printed Circuit (IC), Player Character (see, Role-playing), персональный компьютер семейства IBM PC, указатель команд34) Нефть: photoclinometer, производственный сертификат (production certificate), Peзиcтивимeтpия35) Иммунология: Primitive Cell36) Биохимия: phosphatidylcholine37) Онкология: Prostate Cancer38) Картография: pilotage chart, point of curvature39) Банковское дело: мелкие деньги (petty cash), небольшая наличная сумма (petty cash), разменная монета (petty cash), сертификат участия (PC participation certificate)40) Биотехнология: Pockels cell41) Геофизика: персональная электронно-вычислительная машина42) Транспорт: Passenger Car, Politically Correct, Precious Cargo43) Пищевая промышленность: Pass The Corona, Plant Corn, Pork Chops44) Силикатное производство: photochromic, portland cement45) Фирменный знак: PCA Electronics, Prism Card46) Энергетика: (powderized coal) порошкообразный уголь48) Деловая лексика: Paper Copy, Paying Customer, Person Contacted, Personally Crafted, Planning And Control, Power Compact, Precedents Committee, Product Closure, Production Capability, Production Cup, Professional Corporation, Profit Choice, Profitability Constraint, Purchase Constantly, персональная вычислительная машина (personal computer), частичная загрузка, производственный контракт49) Бурение: портер-крик (Porter Creek; свита группы мидуэй палеоцена третичной системы), пэйнт-крик (Paint Creek; свита отдела честер миссисипской системы), укороченная бурильная труба (pony collar)50) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Pressure control, processing center51) Образование: Perfect For Child, Phrase Command, Physically Challenged, Polite And Courteous52) Инвестиции: participation certificate, petty cash53) Сетевые технологии: Personal Cluster, personal computer, ПК, персональный компьютер семейства54) Полимеры: polycarbonate, polychloroprene, post-chlorinated, potential corrosivity, pressure controller55) Автоматика: plug control, персональная ЭВМ, программируемый командоаппарат, программируемый контроллер56) Контроль качества: parameter check-out57) Химическое оружие: ( KHIMBIOKOM) -\> President's Committee for Conventional Problems of Chemical and Biological Weapons, Project coordinator59) Макаров: phase comparator, programmable control, programming center, поликарбонат, (plug control) цикловое ПУ60) Расширение файла: Parametric Cubic, Printed Circuit, Processor Controller, Program Computer, Punch Card, Text file containing IBM PC specific info61) Нефть и газ: process condensate, performance contract, (Production Crude) Добытая нефть62) Логистика: physical cases (кейсы, ящики, контейнеры)63) Военно-политический термин: Political Committee64) Электротехника: peaking capacity, phase control, power contactor, pulsating current, pulverized coal65) Имена и фамилии: Prince Charming66) Ebay. Piece (e.g., "2pc" means the auction comes with two total units)67) Печатные платы: production capable68) ООН: Peaceful Coexistance69) Цемент: plain cement, бездобавочный цемент, клинкерный цемент, цемент без добавок, чистый клинкерный цемент, straight cement70) Общественная организация: Population Connection, Population Council, Presidential Classroom, Programme Committee, Public Citizen71) Должность: Paper Carrier, Perfect Corner, Perfectly Comfortable, Personal Consultant, Poetic Chap, Privy Counsellor72) Чат: Past Caring, Post A Comment, Pretty Chancy, Pretty Cheap, Pretty Clever, Pretty Cool, Pretty Cute73) Правительство: Pacific Crest, Panama City, Florida, Pepper Canyon, Pine Creek74) NYSE. P C Holdings, S. A.75) Аэропорты: система количества мест (Piece Conсept:; as opposed to Weight Conсept)76) Программное обеспечение: Proof Checker77) Хобби: Platina Cards -
18 cop
1) Общая лексика: (Chief Of Party) руководитель проекта (из терминологии USAID)2) Американизм: Coastal Ocean Program3) Спорт: Close Of Play4) Военный термин: Command Observation Post, Common Operational Picture, Common Operational Plan, Community Of Practice, Contingency Operation Plan, Crashout Package, capability objective package, coefficient of performance, coherent optical processor, combat outpost, command objective plan, command operating program, command operational post, command post, commanding officers' punishment, commissary operating plan, compact periscope, contingency operations plan, contingency outline plan, continuity of operations plan, control of operations program, cost of production, current operating procedure, общая оперативная картина (Common Operational Picture)6) Религия: Christians On Patrol7) Юридический термин: Coalition Of Police, Community On Patrol, Community Oriented Police, Community Oriented Policing, Conference Of Parties, Conference Of The Parties, Consumption On Premises, Contempt Of Police8) Автомобильный термин: coil on plug electronic ignition9) Сокращение: Career Opportunity Program, Certificate of Proficiency, Close Observation Platoon, Colombian Peso, Common Operating Picture, Continuation Of Pay (disability), Coptic, Crude Oil Purchasing, Cut-Order-Planning Program, Conference of Parties (КС) Конференция Сторон Рамочной Конвенции ООН об изменении климата (РКИК)10) Электроника: Controller Operating Properly11) Нефть: закупка сырой нефти (crude oil purchasing)12) Транспорт: Child Occupancy Protection, Child Occupant Protection13) Холодильная техника: коэффициент производительности, холодильный коэффициент (coefficient of performance), холодильный коэффициент14) СМИ: Children Of The Phoenix15) Деловая лексика: Call Or Put Warrant, Certificate Of Production, Cross Our Palms, таможня порта (custom of port)16) Производство: conformity of production17) Образование: Certificate of Participation, Committee of Practitioners18) Валютные операции: Колумбийское песо (Columbian peso)19) Сетевые технологии: Coda Optimistic Protocol, cellular optimized processor, character-oriented protocol, протокол посимвольной передачи данных, процессор передачи данных20) Макаров: Codes of Practice, character-output printer, coorbiting platforms21) Лифты: car operating panel22) Нефть и газ: карбонатно-органический полимер, carbonate-organic polymer23) Электротехника: capacity outage probability24) ООН: Convention Of The Parties25) Общественная организация: Christian Orthopaedic Partners26) Должность: Constable On Patrol, Continuation Of Pay27) NYSE. Consolidated Products, Inc. (delisted)28) Международные перевозки: customs of port -
19 pC
1) Общая лексика: ПЭВМ, (Permanent Council) ПС (Постоянный совет) (ОБСЕ)2) Компьютерная техника: Painless Computing, Personal Computing, Personally Configured, Poor Communication, Proactive Computing, Processor Control, Programmable Calculator3) Геология: Pacific Coast, Pocket Computer4) Медицина: Prompt Care, primary cell, prenylcysteine5) Американизм: Penn Charter, Presidents Council, Privatization And Cuts6) Спорт: Paul's Chips, Pitch Class, Player Characteristic, Player Coach, Pre Christ, Punt Center, Республиканский Совет7) Латинский язык: Patres Conscripti8) Военный термин: II PROVIDE COMFORT II, Parallel Computing, Pass Certified, Patrol Coastal, Pay Corps, Paymaster-in-Chief, Pharmacy Corps, Police Corps, Postal Clerk, Power Converter, Procurement Command, Provide Comfort, pack code, panoramic camera, paralyzing concentration, parts catalog, past commander, patrol carrier, patrol commander, patrol craft, pay clerk, performance code, personnel carrier, plane captain, plane commander, port call, positive control, post commander, power control, predictor control, primary center, principal chaplain, procurement coordinator, production control, program change, program control, programmed check, project code, project control, project coordination, projector charge, prophylactic center, prototype concept, pseudocode, purchasing and contracting9) Техника: Personal Call, current price, paper chromatography, parity check, parity control, partly cash, pay card, perfectly conducting, peripheral controller, personal correction, phase center, photo-cathode, photoconductor, plant computer, plasma chromatography, polar crane, polymer concrete, power center, pressure chamber, prime contractor, private circuit, process computer, process control, process controller, production certificate, professional communication, program console, program coordinator, program costs, project charter, proportional counter, propulsive coefficient, protective clothing, protective coating, pulse counter, показатель концентрации солей10) Сельское хозяйство: post challenge, prime cost11) Шутливое выражение: Perfect Computer, Personal Confuser, Plastic Computer12) Химия: Propylene Carbonate, potential controller13) Математика: Perfectly Complex, Polar Cycloaddition, исчисление высказываний (propositional calculus), исчисление предикатов (predicate calculus), парное сравнение (paired comparison)14) Религия: Perfectly Created, Persecuted Christian15) Метеорология: Program Council16) Железнодорожный термин: Consolidated Rail Corporation17) Юридический термин: Partial Conversion, Personal Cause, Personal Copier, Personally Corrupt, Physical Containment, Plain Courtesy, Probable Cause18) Бухгалтерия: Per Capita, Premier Casting19) Астрономия: Planetary Contrast20) Ветеринария: Pet Chihuahua, Pony Club21) Грубое выражение: Piece Of Crap, Poncey Crap, Pretentious Crap, Pretty Crappy, Pushy Chick22) Металлургия: первичное охлаждение (primary cooling) (прямого коксового газа)23) Музыка: Polyphonic Collection24) Оптика: photoconductive25) Политика: Pitcairn Islands, Progressive Conservative, политкорректно, политкорректный26) Радио: Poor Connection, PALAPA-C, диапазон С-Палапа (спутниковый)27) Телекоммуникации: Path Control, Personal Communications, Program Counter, персональный компьютер28) Сокращение: (type abbreviation) Patrol craft, Patrol Craft (River; R), Patrol Craft, Fast (USA; F), Peace Corps, PerCent; PerCentage, Personal Computer (IBM wants you to believe a specific kind), Physical Conditioning, Platoon Commander, Player Character, Post Card, Postal & Courier, Printed Circuit (electronics circuit board), Privileged Character, Privy Council, Providence College, Pulse Compression, paid cash, pitch circle, planned cost, plug cock, point of curve, police constable, private contract, production cost, тайный совет (Великобритания) (a privy council), Progressive Conservative party (Canada), Post Cibum (after meals), prime costs, privy councillor29) Текстиль: Pearl Cotton30) Университет: Partial Credit, Pomona College31) Физиология: After Meals, Perforated Cranium, Peripheral Clarity, Phone call, Posterior Cervical, Present Complaint32) Электроника: Powder Coating, Pre-emphasis Circuits33) Вычислительная техника: DOS personal computer disk operating system, Priority Control, Protocol Control, parameter checkout, photocell, primary cache, processing complexity, programmable controller, pulse code, pulse controller, punched card, Printed Circuit (IC), Player Character (see, Role-playing), персональный компьютер семейства IBM PC, указатель команд34) Нефть: photoclinometer, производственный сертификат (production certificate), Peзиcтивимeтpия35) Иммунология: Primitive Cell36) Биохимия: phosphatidylcholine37) Онкология: Prostate Cancer38) Картография: pilotage chart, point of curvature39) Банковское дело: мелкие деньги (petty cash), небольшая наличная сумма (petty cash), разменная монета (petty cash), сертификат участия (PC participation certificate)40) Биотехнология: Pockels cell41) Геофизика: персональная электронно-вычислительная машина42) Транспорт: Passenger Car, Politically Correct, Precious Cargo43) Пищевая промышленность: Pass The Corona, Plant Corn, Pork Chops44) Силикатное производство: photochromic, portland cement45) Фирменный знак: PCA Electronics, Prism Card46) Энергетика: (powderized coal) порошкообразный уголь48) Деловая лексика: Paper Copy, Paying Customer, Person Contacted, Personally Crafted, Planning And Control, Power Compact, Precedents Committee, Product Closure, Production Capability, Production Cup, Professional Corporation, Profit Choice, Profitability Constraint, Purchase Constantly, персональная вычислительная машина (personal computer), частичная загрузка, производственный контракт49) Бурение: портер-крик (Porter Creek; свита группы мидуэй палеоцена третичной системы), пэйнт-крик (Paint Creek; свита отдела честер миссисипской системы), укороченная бурильная труба (pony collar)50) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Pressure control, processing center51) Образование: Perfect For Child, Phrase Command, Physically Challenged, Polite And Courteous52) Инвестиции: participation certificate, petty cash53) Сетевые технологии: Personal Cluster, personal computer, ПК, персональный компьютер семейства54) Полимеры: polycarbonate, polychloroprene, post-chlorinated, potential corrosivity, pressure controller55) Автоматика: plug control, персональная ЭВМ, программируемый командоаппарат, программируемый контроллер56) Контроль качества: parameter check-out57) Химическое оружие: ( KHIMBIOKOM) -\> President's Committee for Conventional Problems of Chemical and Biological Weapons, Project coordinator59) Макаров: phase comparator, programmable control, programming center, поликарбонат, (plug control) цикловое ПУ60) Расширение файла: Parametric Cubic, Printed Circuit, Processor Controller, Program Computer, Punch Card, Text file containing IBM PC specific info61) Нефть и газ: process condensate, performance contract, (Production Crude) Добытая нефть62) Логистика: physical cases (кейсы, ящики, контейнеры)63) Военно-политический термин: Political Committee64) Электротехника: peaking capacity, phase control, power contactor, pulsating current, pulverized coal65) Имена и фамилии: Prince Charming66) Ebay. Piece (e.g., "2pc" means the auction comes with two total units)67) Печатные платы: production capable68) ООН: Peaceful Coexistance69) Цемент: plain cement, бездобавочный цемент, клинкерный цемент, цемент без добавок, чистый клинкерный цемент, straight cement70) Общественная организация: Population Connection, Population Council, Presidential Classroom, Programme Committee, Public Citizen71) Должность: Paper Carrier, Perfect Corner, Perfectly Comfortable, Personal Consultant, Poetic Chap, Privy Counsellor72) Чат: Past Caring, Post A Comment, Pretty Chancy, Pretty Cheap, Pretty Clever, Pretty Cool, Pretty Cute73) Правительство: Pacific Crest, Panama City, Florida, Pepper Canyon, Pine Creek74) NYSE. P C Holdings, S. A.75) Аэропорты: система количества мест (Piece Conсept:; as opposed to Weight Conсept)76) Программное обеспечение: Proof Checker77) Хобби: Platina Cards -
20 pc
1) Общая лексика: ПЭВМ, (Permanent Council) ПС (Постоянный совет) (ОБСЕ)2) Компьютерная техника: Painless Computing, Personal Computing, Personally Configured, Poor Communication, Proactive Computing, Processor Control, Programmable Calculator3) Геология: Pacific Coast, Pocket Computer4) Медицина: Prompt Care, primary cell, prenylcysteine5) Американизм: Penn Charter, Presidents Council, Privatization And Cuts6) Спорт: Paul's Chips, Pitch Class, Player Characteristic, Player Coach, Pre Christ, Punt Center, Республиканский Совет7) Латинский язык: Patres Conscripti8) Военный термин: II PROVIDE COMFORT II, Parallel Computing, Pass Certified, Patrol Coastal, Pay Corps, Paymaster-in-Chief, Pharmacy Corps, Police Corps, Postal Clerk, Power Converter, Procurement Command, Provide Comfort, pack code, panoramic camera, paralyzing concentration, parts catalog, past commander, patrol carrier, patrol commander, patrol craft, pay clerk, performance code, personnel carrier, plane captain, plane commander, port call, positive control, post commander, power control, predictor control, primary center, principal chaplain, procurement coordinator, production control, program change, program control, programmed check, project code, project control, project coordination, projector charge, prophylactic center, prototype concept, pseudocode, purchasing and contracting9) Техника: Personal Call, current price, paper chromatography, parity check, parity control, partly cash, pay card, perfectly conducting, peripheral controller, personal correction, phase center, photo-cathode, photoconductor, plant computer, plasma chromatography, polar crane, polymer concrete, power center, pressure chamber, prime contractor, private circuit, process computer, process control, process controller, production certificate, professional communication, program console, program coordinator, program costs, project charter, proportional counter, propulsive coefficient, protective clothing, protective coating, pulse counter, показатель концентрации солей10) Сельское хозяйство: post challenge, prime cost11) Шутливое выражение: Perfect Computer, Personal Confuser, Plastic Computer12) Химия: Propylene Carbonate, potential controller13) Математика: Perfectly Complex, Polar Cycloaddition, исчисление высказываний (propositional calculus), исчисление предикатов (predicate calculus), парное сравнение (paired comparison)14) Религия: Perfectly Created, Persecuted Christian15) Метеорология: Program Council16) Железнодорожный термин: Consolidated Rail Corporation17) Юридический термин: Partial Conversion, Personal Cause, Personal Copier, Personally Corrupt, Physical Containment, Plain Courtesy, Probable Cause18) Бухгалтерия: Per Capita, Premier Casting19) Астрономия: Planetary Contrast20) Ветеринария: Pet Chihuahua, Pony Club21) Грубое выражение: Piece Of Crap, Poncey Crap, Pretentious Crap, Pretty Crappy, Pushy Chick22) Металлургия: первичное охлаждение (primary cooling) (прямого коксового газа)23) Музыка: Polyphonic Collection24) Оптика: photoconductive25) Политика: Pitcairn Islands, Progressive Conservative, политкорректно, политкорректный26) Радио: Poor Connection, PALAPA-C, диапазон С-Палапа (спутниковый)27) Телекоммуникации: Path Control, Personal Communications, Program Counter, персональный компьютер28) Сокращение: (type abbreviation) Patrol craft, Patrol Craft (River; R), Patrol Craft, Fast (USA; F), Peace Corps, PerCent; PerCentage, Personal Computer (IBM wants you to believe a specific kind), Physical Conditioning, Platoon Commander, Player Character, Post Card, Postal & Courier, Printed Circuit (electronics circuit board), Privileged Character, Privy Council, Providence College, Pulse Compression, paid cash, pitch circle, planned cost, plug cock, point of curve, police constable, private contract, production cost, тайный совет (Великобритания) (a privy council), Progressive Conservative party (Canada), Post Cibum (after meals), prime costs, privy councillor29) Текстиль: Pearl Cotton30) Университет: Partial Credit, Pomona College31) Физиология: After Meals, Perforated Cranium, Peripheral Clarity, Phone call, Posterior Cervical, Present Complaint32) Электроника: Powder Coating, Pre-emphasis Circuits33) Вычислительная техника: DOS personal computer disk operating system, Priority Control, Protocol Control, parameter checkout, photocell, primary cache, processing complexity, programmable controller, pulse code, pulse controller, punched card, Printed Circuit (IC), Player Character (see, Role-playing), персональный компьютер семейства IBM PC, указатель команд34) Нефть: photoclinometer, производственный сертификат (production certificate), Peзиcтивимeтpия35) Иммунология: Primitive Cell36) Биохимия: phosphatidylcholine37) Онкология: Prostate Cancer38) Картография: pilotage chart, point of curvature39) Банковское дело: мелкие деньги (petty cash), небольшая наличная сумма (petty cash), разменная монета (petty cash), сертификат участия (PC participation certificate)40) Биотехнология: Pockels cell41) Геофизика: персональная электронно-вычислительная машина42) Транспорт: Passenger Car, Politically Correct, Precious Cargo43) Пищевая промышленность: Pass The Corona, Plant Corn, Pork Chops44) Силикатное производство: photochromic, portland cement45) Фирменный знак: PCA Electronics, Prism Card46) Энергетика: (powderized coal) порошкообразный уголь48) Деловая лексика: Paper Copy, Paying Customer, Person Contacted, Personally Crafted, Planning And Control, Power Compact, Precedents Committee, Product Closure, Production Capability, Production Cup, Professional Corporation, Profit Choice, Profitability Constraint, Purchase Constantly, персональная вычислительная машина (personal computer), частичная загрузка, производственный контракт49) Бурение: портер-крик (Porter Creek; свита группы мидуэй палеоцена третичной системы), пэйнт-крик (Paint Creek; свита отдела честер миссисипской системы), укороченная бурильная труба (pony collar)50) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Pressure control, processing center51) Образование: Perfect For Child, Phrase Command, Physically Challenged, Polite And Courteous52) Инвестиции: participation certificate, petty cash53) Сетевые технологии: Personal Cluster, personal computer, ПК, персональный компьютер семейства54) Полимеры: polycarbonate, polychloroprene, post-chlorinated, potential corrosivity, pressure controller55) Автоматика: plug control, персональная ЭВМ, программируемый командоаппарат, программируемый контроллер56) Контроль качества: parameter check-out57) Химическое оружие: ( KHIMBIOKOM) -\> President's Committee for Conventional Problems of Chemical and Biological Weapons, Project coordinator59) Макаров: phase comparator, programmable control, programming center, поликарбонат, (plug control) цикловое ПУ60) Расширение файла: Parametric Cubic, Printed Circuit, Processor Controller, Program Computer, Punch Card, Text file containing IBM PC specific info61) Нефть и газ: process condensate, performance contract, (Production Crude) Добытая нефть62) Логистика: physical cases (кейсы, ящики, контейнеры)63) Военно-политический термин: Political Committee64) Электротехника: peaking capacity, phase control, power contactor, pulsating current, pulverized coal65) Имена и фамилии: Prince Charming66) Ebay. Piece (e.g., "2pc" means the auction comes with two total units)67) Печатные платы: production capable68) ООН: Peaceful Coexistance69) Цемент: plain cement, бездобавочный цемент, клинкерный цемент, цемент без добавок, чистый клинкерный цемент, straight cement70) Общественная организация: Population Connection, Population Council, Presidential Classroom, Programme Committee, Public Citizen71) Должность: Paper Carrier, Perfect Corner, Perfectly Comfortable, Personal Consultant, Poetic Chap, Privy Counsellor72) Чат: Past Caring, Post A Comment, Pretty Chancy, Pretty Cheap, Pretty Clever, Pretty Cool, Pretty Cute73) Правительство: Pacific Crest, Panama City, Florida, Pepper Canyon, Pine Creek74) NYSE. P C Holdings, S. A.75) Аэропорты: система количества мест (Piece Conсept:; as opposed to Weight Conсept)76) Программное обеспечение: Proof Checker77) Хобби: Platina Cards
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