check-up

nĕco, āvi, ātum ( perf. necuit, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 861 P.; v. infra; part. nectus, Ser. Samm. 33, 627; cf. Diom. p. 362 P.), 1, v. a. [Sanscr. naç, disappear; Gr. nekus, corpse, nekros, dead], to kill, slay, put to death, destroy (usually without a weapon, by poison, hunger, etc.; cf.: occido, interficio, interimo, perimo).

Lit.: neci datus proprie dicitur, qui sine vulnere interfectus est, ut veneno aut fame, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.:

occisum a necato distingui quidam volunt, quod alterum a caedendo atque ictu fieri dicunt, alterum sine ictu, id. s. v. occisum, p. 178 ib.: necare aliquem odore taetro,

Lucr. 6, 787:

plebem fame,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 2:

legatum P. R. vinculis ac verberibus necavit,

id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 11:

aliquem igni,

Caes. B. G. 1, 53:

aliquem ferro,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 58; Verg. A. 8, 488:

veneno,

Suet. Ner. 43: securi Gell. 17, 21, 17; Juv. 10, 316:

suspendiosa fame,

Plin. 8, 37, 56, § 134:

vidissem nullos, matre necante, dies,

Ov. Am. 2, 14, 22:

homines in ventre necandos conducit,

Juv. 6, 596:

colubra necuit hominem,

Phaedr. 4, 14, 4.—Of impersonal subjects: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):

lien necat, renes dolent,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 21:

radices herbarum vomere,

Col. 2, 4, 1:

salsi imbres necant frumenta,

Plin. 31, 4, 29, § 52:

hedera arbores,

id. 16, 44, 92, § 243; cf. Laber. ap. Macr. Sat. 2, 7:

aquae flammas necant,

quench, Plin. 31, 1, 1, § 2; to drown (late Lat.):

deducti ad torrentem necati sunt,

Sulp. Sev. Hist. 1.—

Trop.:

quid te coërces et necas rectam indolem,

i. e. thwart, check, Sen. Hippol. 454.—So to worry or bore to death with talking, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 43 (cf.:

occidis saepe rogando,

Hor. Epod. 14, 5).

opprĭmo ( obp-), essi, essum, 3, v. a. [ob-premo], to press against, press together; to press down (class.; syn. obruo).

Lit.:

voluit deus ora loquentis Opprimere,

to close, Ov. M. 3, 295: oculos, to press together, i. e. close the eyes, sc. of a dying person, Val. Max. 2, 6, 8:

fauces manu,

Suet. Calig. 12: flammam in ore, to repress, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 122 (Trag. v. 437 Vahl.).— To press down:

taleam pede,

to press into the ground, Cato, R. R. 45; Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 27:

opprimi ruinā conclavis,

to be crushed, Cic. Div. 2, 8, 20:

terrā oppressus,

id. ib. 2, 23, 51:

classem,

to sink, id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33:

senem injectu multae vestis,

to smother, stifle, Tac. A. 6, 50; so,

dormiens oppressit eum,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 3, 19; Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 14.—

Transf.:

oppressit jaculo redeuntem ad frena leonem,

struck down, Val. Fl. 3, 24.—

Trop.

To press together; to close, shut:

os opprime,

shut your mouth! hold your tongue! Plaut. As. 3, 2, 40; Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 93.—

To press or bear down:

opprimi onere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 4.—

To put down, suppress, quell, check, quash:

quae oratio a censore opprimenda est,

Cic. Fin. 2, 10, 30:

sine tumultu rem omnem oppressere,

Liv. 2, 4:

tumultum,

id. 31, 11:

fraudem,

to baffle, thwart, id. 26, 6; Vulg. Lev. 24, 16.—

To overthrow, overwhelm, crush, overpower, prostrate, subdue:

reliquias hujus belli,

Cic. Fam. 10, 20, 3:

Graeciam,

Nep. Them. 8, 2:

nationem,

Cic. Font. 12, 36:

invidiam acerbitate,

Nep. Dion. 6:

libertatem,

to put an end to, destroy, id. Alcib. 3, 3:

ut exstinctae potius amicitiae, quam oppressae esse videantur,

Cic. Lael. 21, 78:

aliquem iniquo judicio,

id. Quint. 2, 7:

intolerandam potentiam,

to overthrow, id. Rosc. Am. 13, 36: aliquem, to crush one with false accusations, Liv. 2, 52; cf.:

insontem oblato falso crimine,

id. 1, 51:

quaestionem,

id. 26, 15:

si oppressa foret secura senectus (i. e. securus senex),

Juv. 10, 75:

litteras,

to utter indistinctly, to mumble, Cic. Off. 1, 37, 133.—In gen., to have the upper hand, get the best of it, be victorious, Plaut. Mil. 4, 5, 10.—

To load, overwhelm, bear down, overcome: opprimi aere alieno, Cic. Cat. 2, 4, 8:

mvidiā,

id. ib. 2, 2, 4:

totius corporis doloribus,

id. Fam. 9, 14, 3:

metu,

Liv. 24, 33:

timore,

Caes. B. G. 4, 15:

senatus oppressus et afflictus,

Cic. Red. in Sen. 7, 18.—

To fall upon, surprise, take by surprise, come upon unexpectedly, seize, catch (syn.:

adorior, invado): occasionem opprimere,

to seize, embrace, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 15:

imprudentem,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 22:

incautos,

Liv. 26, 12:

Antonium mors oppressit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 91, § 213:

ne subito a me opprimantur (sc. interrogando),

id. ib. 2, 4, 67, §

150: oppressi luce copias instruunt, Auct. B. G. 8, 14: rostra,

to make one's self master of, occupy, Cic. Clu. 40, 110.—

To bury, hide, conceal, suppress:

quod quo studiosius ab ipsis opprimitur et absconditur, eo magis eminet et apparet,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 41, 121:

iram,

Sall. J. 72, 1:

ita ejus rei oppressa mentio est,

Liv. 23, 22:

infamiam,

Just. 12, 13, 10. —

To force a woman, commit a rape upon (late Lat.), Vulg. 2 Reg. 13, 12; 14, 32; id. Gen. 34, 2; id. Ezech. 2, 2; 11.

opprĭmo ( obp-), essi, essum, 3, v. a. [ob-premo], to press against, press together; to press down (class.; syn. obruo).

Lit.:

voluit deus ora loquentis Opprimere,

to close, Ov. M. 3, 295: oculos, to press together, i. e. close the eyes, sc. of a dying person, Val. Max. 2, 6, 8:

fauces manu,

Suet. Calig. 12: flammam in ore, to repress, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 122 (Trag. v. 437 Vahl.).— To press down:

taleam pede,

to press into the ground, Cato, R. R. 45; Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 27:

opprimi ruinā conclavis,

to be crushed, Cic. Div. 2, 8, 20:

terrā oppressus,

id. ib. 2, 23, 51:

classem,

to sink, id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33:

senem injectu multae vestis,

to smother, stifle, Tac. A. 6, 50; so,

dormiens oppressit eum,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 3, 19; Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 14.—

Transf.:

oppressit jaculo redeuntem ad frena leonem,

struck down, Val. Fl. 3, 24.—

Trop.

To press together; to close, shut:

os opprime,

shut your mouth! hold your tongue! Plaut. As. 3, 2, 40; Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 93.—

To press or bear down:

opprimi onere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 4.—

To put down, suppress, quell, check, quash:

quae oratio a censore opprimenda est,

Cic. Fin. 2, 10, 30:

sine tumultu rem omnem oppressere,

Liv. 2, 4:

tumultum,

id. 31, 11:

fraudem,

to baffle, thwart, id. 26, 6; Vulg. Lev. 24, 16.—

To overthrow, overwhelm, crush, overpower, prostrate, subdue:

reliquias hujus belli,

Cic. Fam. 10, 20, 3:

Graeciam,

Nep. Them. 8, 2:

nationem,

Cic. Font. 12, 36:

invidiam acerbitate,

Nep. Dion. 6:

libertatem,

to put an end to, destroy, id. Alcib. 3, 3:

ut exstinctae potius amicitiae, quam oppressae esse videantur,

Cic. Lael. 21, 78:

aliquem iniquo judicio,

id. Quint. 2, 7:

intolerandam potentiam,

to overthrow, id. Rosc. Am. 13, 36: aliquem, to crush one with false accusations, Liv. 2, 52; cf.:

insontem oblato falso crimine,

id. 1, 51:

quaestionem,

id. 26, 15:

si oppressa foret secura senectus (i. e. securus senex),

Juv. 10, 75:

litteras,

to utter indistinctly, to mumble, Cic. Off. 1, 37, 133.—In gen., to have the upper hand, get the best of it, be victorious, Plaut. Mil. 4, 5, 10.—

To load, overwhelm, bear down, overcome: opprimi aere alieno, Cic. Cat. 2, 4, 8:

mvidiā,

id. ib. 2, 2, 4:

totius corporis doloribus,

id. Fam. 9, 14, 3:

metu,

Liv. 24, 33:

timore,

Caes. B. G. 4, 15:

senatus oppressus et afflictus,

Cic. Red. in Sen. 7, 18.—

To fall upon, surprise, take by surprise, come upon unexpectedly, seize, catch (syn.:

adorior, invado): occasionem opprimere,

to seize, embrace, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 15:

imprudentem,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 22:

incautos,

Liv. 26, 12:

Antonium mors oppressit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 91, § 213:

ne subito a me opprimantur (sc. interrogando),

id. ib. 2, 4, 67, §

150: oppressi luce copias instruunt, Auct. B. G. 8, 14: rostra,

to make one's self master of, occupy, Cic. Clu. 40, 110.—

To bury, hide, conceal, suppress:

quod quo studiosius ab ipsis opprimitur et absconditur, eo magis eminet et apparet,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 41, 121:

iram,

Sall. J. 72, 1:

ita ejus rei oppressa mentio est,

Liv. 23, 22:

infamiam,

Just. 12, 13, 10. —

To force a woman, commit a rape upon (late Lat.), Vulg. 2 Reg. 13, 12; 14, 32; id. Gen. 34, 2; id. Ezech. 2, 2; 11.

prŏ-hĭbĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, 2 (old forms, prohibessis, Cato, R. R. 141, 2; Enn. ap. Prob. ad Verg. E. 6, 31 (Trag. v. 323 Vahl.):

prohibessit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 11:

prohibessint,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3 fin.), v. a. [habeo], to hold in front, i. e.,

To hold back, keep in check, to restrain, hinder, prevent, avert, keep or ward off, debar (class.; cf.: inhibeo, arceo).

In gen.; usually constr. aliquem or aliquid, with abl.; alone or ab and abl.; with ut, ne, quominus, or an obj.-clause; also with simple acc.; less freq. with de, the dat., or gen.

With ab:

quo illum ab illā prohibeas,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 103:

prohibete a vobis vim meam,

id. Capt. 4, 2, 24:

praedones procul ab insulā Siciliā,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 64, § 144:

hostem a pugnā,

Caes. B. G. 4, 34:

aliquem a familiaritate, congressione, patrio jure et potestate,

Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 46:

vim hostium ab oppidis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 11:

se suosque ab injuriā,

to restrain themselves, refrain from, id. ib. 2, 28 fin.:

ita prohibendo a delictis magis quam vindicando exercitum brevi confirmavit,

Sall. J. 45, 3; 22, 4. —

With de: vim de classe, Lucil. ap. Non 528, 10.—

With abl.:

cum suis finibus eos prohibent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

itinere exercitum,

to impede its march, id. ib. 1, 10:

hostem rapinis, pabulationibus populationibusque,

id. ib. 1, 15.—With abl. without an object: non prohibere aquā profluente, Cic. Off. 1, 16, 52.—

With dat.:

aliquem alicui,

to withhold from one, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 7; cf.:

aditum alicui, Auct. B. Afr. 31: captae prohibere nequiret Cum Poenos aquilae,

could not prevent the Carthaginians from capturing the standard, Sil. 6, 27 (but the gen., Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 26; Caes. B. C. 3, 44, depends on the acc. object of prohibere; v. 7 infra).—

With ut, ne, quominus; rarely with quin:

dii prohibeant, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:

qui tu id prohibere me potes, ne suspicer,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 50 Brix ad loc.:

quod potuisti prohibere, ne fieret,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 10, 33:

ne lustrum perficeret, mors prohibuit P. Furi,

Liv. 24, 43, 4:

hiemem credo adhuc prohibuisse, quo minus, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 1:

prohibere quominus sumerent, non poterant,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 34:

si prohibere, quominus in unum coirent, non posset,

Liv. 25, 35, 6:

nec, quin erumperet, ubi vellet, prohiberi poterat,

id. 26, 40, 4.—

With obj.-clause:

qui peregrinos urbibus uti prohibent,

Cic. Off. 3, 11, 47:

qui Bibulum exire domo prohibuissent,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 7:

jam se ad prohibenda circumdari opera Aequi parabant,

Liv. 3, 28, 7:

prohibuit migrari, Veios,

id. 5, 49, 8:

prohibete jus de pecuniis dici,

id. 6, 18, 14; 6, 20, 6:

audeat Canuleius proloqui, se delectum haberi prohibiturum,

Liv. 4, 2, 12; 25, 4, 4; 25, 14, 7:

qui Cimbros intra fines suos ingredi prohibuerint,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4; Verg. A. 6, 606.—

With simple acc.: Mars pater, ut tu morbos visos invisosque, viduertatem vastitudinemque... prohibessis, defendas averruncesque, an old formula of prayer in Cato, R. R. 141:

neque munitiones Caesaris prohibere poterat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 44:

motus conatusque alicujus prohibere,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 26:

prohibenda maxime est ira in puniendo,

id. Off. 1, 25, 89:

quod uti prohibitum irem, quod in me esset, meo labori non parsi, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. parsi, p. 242 Müll.: prohibere comitia dicitur vitiare diem morbo,

Fest. p. 236 ib.; Cato ap. Fest. l. l.: quod di prohibeant, which may the gods forbid or avert, Ter. And. 3, 3, 36;

and in the same sense: dii mala prohibeant,

id. Hec. 2, 1, 10; cf.: di, prohibete minas;

di, talem avertite casum,

Verg. A. 3, 265; and:

deos quaeso, ut istaec prohibeant,

Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 11.—

In partic., to forbid, prohibit a thing (syn.:

interdico, veto): tu modo ne me prohibeas accipere, siquid det mihi,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 89:

nemo hic prohibet nec vetat,

id. Curc. 1, 1, 33:

lex recta imperans prohibensque contraria,

Cic. N. D. 1, 14, 36:

sed dii et homines prohibuere redemptos vivere Romanos,

Liv. 5, 49, 1; Quint. 5, 10, 104; cf.:

Athenis affectus movere per praeconem prohibebatur orator,

the orator was forbidden, id. 6, 1, 7:

prohibitis abstinere,

Sen. Ep. 83, 18.—

To keep away from a thing for the sake of safety (cf. defendo, II.), to keep, preserve, defend, protect (rare but class.); with ab:

a quo periculo prohibete rem publicam,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

adultam virginem ab armatorum impetu,

id. Brut. 96, 330.—With abl.:

haec damna multa mulierum Me uxore prohibent,

keep me from a wife, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 105:

magnum civium numerum calamitate prohibere,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 18:

tenuiores injuriā,

id. Off. 2, 12, 31:

ad prohibendam populationibus Campaniam,

Liv. 22, 14, 2.—With double acc.:

id te Juppiter Prohibessit,

from that may Jupiter preserve you, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 11.

rē̆-frīgĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to make cool or cold; to cool off, cool (class.).

Lit.:

ignis in aquam conjectus continuo restinguitur et refrigeratur,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 17; cf.:

refrigerato et exstincto calore,

id. N. D. 2, 9, 23:

calorem,

Quint. 9, 4, 113:

quod me frigus Dalmaticum, quod illinc ejecit, etiam hic refrigeravit,

Cic. Fam. 5, 10, a, 1:

membra partim ardentia partim refrigerata,

id. N. D. 1, 10, 24:

aquam,

Plin. 31, 3, 23, § 38:

frumentum,

Cato, R. R. 92; cf.

panem,

Plin. 22, 21, 28, § 56:

unguentum,

id. 13, 1, 2, § 13:

plumbum,

id. 34, 18, 50, § 170:

stomachum,

id. 25, 13, 95, § 153:

granaria (ventus),

Varr. R. R. 1, 57 fin.:

quoad refrigeratur aër,

id. ib. 2, 2, 11:

Neronianas thermas,

Mart. 3, 25, 4; Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 17.— Absol., Cic. N. D. 2, 46, 119: novum (vinum) refrigerare, vetus calefacere, Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 30, 14; cf.:

refrigerant olera, coriandrum, cucumis, etc.,

Cels. 2, 27:

aceto summa vis est in refrigerando,

Plin. 23, 1, 27, § 54.—

To relieve, refresh: membra refrigerat unda. Ov. M. 13, 903:

podagras,

Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 17; cf.:

ubi enim potest illa aetas aut calescere vel apricatione melius vel igni aut vicissim umbris aquisve refrigerari salubrius?

Cic. Sen. 16, 57: refrigerandi sui causā, Suet. Vit. Luc. —

Trop., to cool off, to deprive of warmth or zeal; hence, pass., to be cooled, wearied, exhausted; to grow cool or languid (cf. defervesco):

defessā ac refrigeratā accusatione,

Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 31:

refrigerato jam levissimo sermone hominum provincialium,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

refrigerato inventionis amore,

Quint. Ep. ad Tryph. 2:

cum Antonii librarius... refrigeratus, ab Antonio transfugit ad Caesarem,

his zeal having cooled, Vell. 2, 83, 2: prudens (testis) aliquo urbane dicto refrigerandus est, qs. to throw cold water upon, i. e. to intimidate, check, Quint. 5, 7, 26; cf.:

aegre perlegit, refrigeratus saepe a semetipso,

i. e. being often stopped, interrupted, Suet. Claud. 41. —Esp. in late Lat.:

alicui,

to refresh, comfort, assist, Tert. Anim. 51 fin.; id. ad Scap. 4 med.:

me refrigeravit,

Vulg. 2 Tim. 1, 16; id. Exod. 23, 12.

rē̆-fringo, frēgi, fractum, 3, v. a. [frango], to break up, break open (class.; syn.: perfringo, dissicio).

Lit.:

cellas,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 10: postes portasque, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 7, 622, and ap. Hor. S. 1, 4, 61 (Ann. v. 271 Vahl.); Caes. B. G. 2, 33; Liv. 10, 43; 24, 30; 25, 9 et saep. al.:

januam,

Tac. A. 14, 8:

palatii fores,

id. H. 1, 35:

claustra,

Cic. Mur. 8, 17; Val. Fl. 1, 595:

carcerem,

Liv. 34, 44 fin.:

glaebam et revolvere in pulverem,

Col. 11, 2, 60:

totas refringere vestes,

to tear open, Ov. M. 9, 208:

radium solis refringi,

is refracted, Plin. 2, 59, 60, § 150.—

In gen., to break, break in pieces, break off ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

quae demersa liquore obeunt, refracta videntur Omnia convorti sursumque supina revorti,

Lucr. 4, 440:

refringit virgulta pede vago,

Cat. 63, 86: ramum, to break off, * Verg. A. 6, 210; so,

mucronem,

Plin. 8, 15, 17, § 41; cf.

aculeos,

Plin. Ep. 3, 15, 3:

silvas (Hyleus),

Stat. Th. 4, 139. —

Trop., to break, break in pieces, check, weaken, destroy, etc.:

vim fluminis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 56; cf. Liv. 5, 37:

impotentem dominationem,

Nep. Lys. 1, 4; cf.:

Teutonicas opes, Frop. 3, 3 (4, 2), 44: nec Priami domus Achivos refringit,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 28:

ingeniorum impetus,

Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 7:

claustra pudoris et reverentiae,

id. ib. 2, 14, 4: verba, to mutilate or mangle speech, like children, Stat. S. 2, 1, 123.

rĕfūto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [root fu-; Gr. chu-, cheWô, cheuma; cf.:

fundo, futtilis,

Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 204 sq. ], to check, drive back, repress.

Lit.:

semper illas nationes nostri imperatores refutandas potius bello quam lacessandas putaverunt,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—

Trop., to repel, repress, resist, restrain, oppose (freq. and class.; syn.: reicio, reprimo).

In gen.:

virtutem aspernari ac refutare,

Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 44:

refutetur ac reiciatur ille clamor,

id. Tusc. 2, 33, 55:

alicujus cupiditatem,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 25: vitam, to contemn, Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 4, 218 (H. 1, 73 Dietsch); cf.:

temporis munera,

Quint. 10, 6, 6:

alicujus libidinem,

Cic. de Or. 3, 1, 4:

nummum,

Sol. 22 med.:

ad mortem si te (Fors dicta refutet!) Prodiderim,

may fate avert, Verg. A. 12, 41.—

In partic., to repel, rebut any thing by speech, etc.; to confute, refute, disprove (syn.:

refello, redarguo): res refutat id,

Lucr. 2, 245; 2, 867:

nemo te ita refutandum ut gravem adversarium arbitrabatur,

Cic. Vatin. 1, 1:

testes,

id. Font. 1, 1:

nostra confirmare argumentis ac rationibus, deinde contraria refutare,

id. de Or. 2, 19, 80; so (opp. confirmare) Quint. 5, prooem. §

2: neque refutanda tantum, sed contemnenda, elevanda, ridenda sunt,

id. 6, 4, 10:

perjuria testimoniis,

Cic. Font. 16, 35:

oratio re multo magis quam verbis refutata,

id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52:

infamiam pudicitiae posterae vitae castitate,

Suet. Aug. 71:

quos tum, ut pueri, refutare domesticis testibus solebamus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 1, 2:

a te refutentur,

id. Fam. 9, 11, 2:

tribunos oratione feroci,

Liv. 2, 52 fin. — Poet., with object-clause:

si quis corpus sentire refutat,

denies, Lucr. 3, 350.