beitr+el

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `torrent' (Mosch.); also river name in Thessaly (Hes. Sc. 477 etc.) and Acarnania.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Kretschmer Glotta 10, 51ff. interpreted the word as "waterless", from the bed dried up in summer; cf. ἄναυρος in EM: ὁ ἐξ ὑετῶν συνιστάμενος ποταμός (s. on χαράδρα). Analysed as ἀν- privativum and a word for `water', which is not attested, but also supposed in ἄγλαυρος (s. v.; further in θησαυρός and Κένταυρος, Kretschmer l. c.). Cf. further the source Αὔρα (Nonnos), the Thrac. river Αὔρας (on which also Brandenstein Archiv Orientální 17, 73f). and Italic (Illyrian?) river names like Metaurus, Pisaurus (Krahe IF 48, 216 A. 5), Isaurus (Lucanus; Pisani Beitr. z. Namenforschung 2, 65ff.). - The second element is compared with Skt. vā́r(i) and in Germ. e.g. ONo. aurr m. if `whet, water' ; Pok. 80f; but Toch. A wär, B wari continues * udr-. - Krahe connects river names like Avara, Avantia (supposed to be cognate with Skt. avatá-, Latv. avuõts etc), Beitr. z. Namenforschung 4, 49 and 115). - No doubt a non-Greek, quite probably non-IE word. If the connection with Krahe's river names is correct, it is certainly non-IE. The assumption of negative ἀν- is quite improbable (it is due to the desire to make everything as Greek and Indo-European as possible, even when everything points in another direction). - Fur. 230 compares (with the names mentioned) Μέταβος = Μεταπόντιον and the river Μεσσάπιος in Crete (with Pre-Greek labial\/F); interesting is then the river name ῎Ανᾱπος in Acarnania and Sicily. Of course, the fact that these forms have no -r-, makes the comparison very doubtful.

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to go about, to wander, to roam around, to act at random' (hell. a. late).

Other forms: only pres. except ῥεμφθῆναι ῥέμβεσθαι H.

Compounds: Rarely w. ἀπο- a.o.

Derivatives: ῥεμβώδη-'walking about, aimless, idle' (Plb., Plu.), to which as backformation ῥέμβος m. `wandering about' (Plu., Aret.), adj. ῥεμβός (late), f. - άς (LXX as v. l.). Enlargements: ῥεμβ-εύω ( κατα- ῥέμβομαι) = ῥέμβομαι, - ασμός m. `roaming' (LXX; *-άζομαι). -- With ablaut ῥόμβος, also ῥύμβος (acc. to gramm. Att.) m. `circular movement, top, hummingtop, magic wheel, tambourine' (Pi., Critias, E.), geom. `rhombus' (Arist., Euc. a.o.; on the meaning Gow JHSt. 54, 1ff., Mugler Dict. géom. s.v.), also n. of a flatfish, `turbot' v.t. (Ath. a.o.; Strömberg Fischn. 38, Thompson Fishes s.v.); ῥομβο-ειδής `rhombus-like, rhomboidic' (Hp., Euc. etc.). From it 1. dimin. ῥυμβ-ίον n. `little top' (sch.); 2. ῥομβ-ωτός `having the form of a rhombus' (hell. a. late); 3. - ηδόν `in the way of a rh.' (Man.); 4. - έω ( ῥυ-) `to go in circles' (Pl. a.o.) with - ητής m. `top' (Orph.), ἐπι- ῥέμβομαι `to whirl like a hummingtop' (Sapph.); - όομαι `to be turned into a rh.' (Hero). Also ῥυμβ-όνες f. pl. `wrigglings' of a snake (A. R.; cf. ἀγκ-όνες a.o.), - ονάω ( ῥεμβ-) `to sway, to hurl away' (Phld., Ael.; after σφενδονάω).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: ῥόμβος already in Pi., proves also for the much later attested primary ῥέμβομαι an early date. The byform ῥύμβος reminds of cases like ῥοφέω: ῥυφέω (cf. Schwyzer 351 f.); note also ῥυβόν ἐπικαμ-πές (EM, Hdn. Gr.). -- With ῥέμβομαι one might compare Germ., MLG wrimpen `contract (one's face), rümpfen' (Persson Beitr. 1, 498). An IE *u̯remb- seems nevertheless doubtful, first because of the deviating meanings, second because we have to reckon with several kinds of rhiming formations (s. lit. in Persson l.c. and WP. 1, 276). At least as uncertain is the comparison with Lith. reñgtis `bow, buck' (de Saussure MSL 8, 443 n.) a.o. (s. Lidén Ein balt.-slav. Anlautges. 14 f.). Together with ῥάμφος, ῥέμφος, ῥάμνος, ῥάβδος, ῥέπω, ῥέμβομαι forms a rather motley heap, in which one finds a root u̯er- enlarged with a labial (β, φ, π) with the most flexible meaning `turn'; beside the labials one finds also velar and dental enlargements, s. WP. 1, 270ff., Pok. 1152ff. (after Persson Beitr. 1, 497ff.). -- The forms with ῥυμβ-, ῥυβ- seem to point to a Pre-Greek word.

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Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `having an impressed, pouting nose, snub-, flat-nosed' (opposite γρυπός), `bent upward, rising, concave, hollow' (oppos. κυρτός), metaph. `impudent, mischievous' (IA),

Compounds: also with modifying or further charakterising prefixes as ἀνα-, ἐν-, ὑπο- (Strömberg Prefix Studies 127 a. 147).

Derivatives: 1. σιμ-ότης f. `snub-nosedness, upward bending' (Pl., X.); 2. - όομαι, - όω, also w. ἀπο-, ἐπι-, ὑπο-, `to become snub-nosed, to bend (oneself) upward, to bend off' (Hp., Th., X., Arist. etc.) with - ωσις f. `snub-nosedness' (Gal.), ἀπο- σῑμός `bending off course of a ship' (App.); - ωμα n. `curved upward prow of a ship' (Plu.); 3. - αίνω `to bend the nose upward' (Call. Iamb.); also 4. σίμιον αἰγιαλός H. (of a sea-coast bent inwards). -- With oppositive accent.: σῖμος m. name of a fish (Opp., Ath.) with - άριον (pap. VI -- VII^p); cf. Strömberg Fischn. 44, Thompson Fishes s. v. -- Several PN: Σῖμ-ος, - ύλος, - ιχος a.o.; also - ίας, from where as appellative *σιμίας m. prop. "flat-nose", `monkey' in Lat. LW [loanword] sīmia (Leumann Sprache 1, 206 f. = Kl. Schr. 173); cf. καλλίας. -- Quite doubtful the rivern. Σιμόεις, - εντος (Il. etc.); cf. Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 2, 233 f.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: Oxytone adj. in - μός are rare (Chantraine Form. 151, Schwyzer 494); note however θερμός and close to it δοχμός, both inherited. Σιμός too makes the impression of an old inherited word, but a convincing etymology does not exist. The connection with a Germ. word for `disappear, fall in, decrease' in OHG swīnan, ONord. svīna (Persson, e.g. Beitr. 1, 382, Brugmann Grundr.<sup>2</sup> II: 1, 246 f.) is, even apart from the phonetic uncertainty, also semant. far from evident; s. WP. 2, 519 (= Pok. 1041), where σιμός as `bent inwards' is rather connected with MHG swīmen `stagger, be suspended', ONord. svīma `float, stagger, swoon' with further connection with Celt., e.g. Welsh chwil (from *su̯ī-lo-) `turning quickly, whiling, dally', IE *su̯ē̆i- `bend, turn, swing'; semant. also not very evident. Lat. LW [loanword] sīmus, s. W.-Hofmann; diff. Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 27 (Mediterranean word, if not inherited). -- After Solmsen IF 30, 1ff. to σιμός also σίλλος and σικχός, perh. also σιρός (s. vv.). -- As there is no cognste, the word could also be Pre-Greek.

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to rip, to tear, to shred, to attack' (IA.).

Other forms: Att. - άττω, aor. - άξαι, fut. - άξω, - άξομαι, perf. midd. ἐσπάραγμαι.

Compounds: Also with δια-, κατα- a. o.

Derivatives: σπάρ-αγμα n. `torn, ripped piece, scrap' (Trag., Arist. a. o.), - αγμός m. `ripping, tearing, convulsion' (trag. a. o.) with - αγμώδης `convulsive' (Hp., Plu.), - αξις f. `convulsion' (medic.), - ακτόν n. `crumbled rock, rubble' (Hero), διασπαρακτός `torn' (E., Ael.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Expressive formation in - άσσω like ταράσσω, τινάσσω, πατάσσω a. o.; without certain etymology. If - άσσω is only enlarging (Schwyzer 733), the word could be connected with σπαίρω etc. Persson Beitr. 2, 869 n. 1, who considers the velar as part of the root (- σσω analogical for - ζω Debrunner IF 21, 224), wants to connect σπαράσσω with a motley group, to which would belong a. o. Lat. spargō, OWNo. spark n. `kick', σπαργάω, σφαραγέομαι. Diff. id. Beitr. 1, 418 (= WP. 2, 668, Pok. 992): to Arm. p'ert` `torn off piece' (-rt` \< - rkt-), OWNo. spiǫrr f. `strip of cloth' (PGm. * sperrō). Still diff. Thierfelder by letter (as hypothesis): to σπάω after ταράσσω, ἀράσσω, χαράσσω a. o.

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Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `skin, fur, hull' (A. R., Lyc., AP).

Other forms: τέρφος (Nic.); also στρέφος στρέμμα, δέρμα, βύρσα. Δωριεῖς H. and ἔρφος (s.v.).

Compounds: Compp. στερφό-πεπλος `with a πέπλος made of skin' (Lyc.); uncertain μελά\<ν\>- στερφος `with a black skin' (A. Fr. 370 = 721 M.).

Derivatives: στερφίνα δερματίνη. οἱ δε δέρματα ὄνεια... H.; cf. στέρφνιον σκληρόν, στερεόν H. (on the meaning below). Denom. verb στερφ-όω `to dress with skins' (sch.) with - ωτῆρα acc. `dressed in skins' (Ibyc.: στερφοῦσθαι, s. Wackernagel Unt. 256); also στρέφωσις (for στέρφ-?) κάλυψις ἀγγείων δέρματι γινομένη H.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1025] * sterbh- `besome solid, get fixed; skin'

Etymology: On the anlaut στ- στέρφος τ- cf. ( σ)τέγος a.o. (Schwyzer 334); for the formation εἶρος, δέρος, πέκος a.o. - Without immediate agreement outside Greek. Usually connected with the group of στερεός (s. v.); cf. βοέῃς... στερεῃ̃σι Il., στερεὰ δέρματα Pl.; Persson Beitr. 1, 432 with several formal cognates in Slav., Germ. and Celt., e.g. Russ. stérbnutь `become solid, hard, get fixed, die off', OWNo. stjarfi m. `lockjaw, tetanus', stirfinn `stubborn', OHG sterban `die' (from *'get stiff'), MIr. ussarb (\< * ud-sterbhā), srebann m. `skin, στέρφος' (Vendryes WuS 12, 244) etc., which can all come from IE * sterbh-(strebh-), s. WP. 2, 631 (after Persson Beitr. 1, 435ff.), Pok. 1024f., Vasmer s. v.; to this also W.-Hofmann s. stirps and torpeō; everywhere w. further forms a. rich lit. Older lit. also in Bq.

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Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: Spouse of Hades (Pluto), queen of the underworld; as a daughter of Demeter, identified as Κόρη (Ion. since h. Cer. and Hes.)

Other forms: - φόνεια (Il. a. Od.). Several byforms: Φερσε-φόνα (Simon., Pi., Thess.), - φόνεια (H.), Πηριφόνα (Locr.), Πηρεφόνεια (Lac. after H.); with diff. ending: Περσέ-φασσα (A.), Φερσέ-φασσα (S., E.), Φερρέ-φαττα (Pl., Ar., Att. inscr.) a.o. (P.-W. 19, 945ff., Kretschmer Glotta 24, 236) with the sanctuary Φερ(ρ)εφάττ-ιον n. (D., AB).

Derivatives: From it the plantname Περσεφόνιον, Φερ- (Ps.-Dsc.), s. Strömberg Pfl. 100 w. lit.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: As common basis of the "1. member" one may posit Φερσε-; from there through breath-dissimilation, comp.lengthening etc. the diff. forms; Πηρι- after Άρχι- a.o. (cf. Schwyzer 281 a. 444). Orig. Περσε- is however quite as well possible; then Φερσε- through assimilation to - φασσα. For - φόνεια beside - φόνη cf. Πηνελόπεια beside -η; - φασσα, - φαττα from *-φατ-ι̯α can have had an orig. nasal (-n̥-t-i̯ǝ), through which - φασσα would come closer to - φόνη (and - φόν-της). -- Without convincing etymology. The "2. member" is often connected with φόνος `murder', θείνω `kill' (Eust. on κ 491, Fick-Bechtel PN 465, Kretschmer Glotta 24, 236 f.) by diff. interpretation of the 1. member. After Ehrlich KZ 39, 560 ff. however "the one rich in produce", from a noun *φέρος and IE * gʷhen- `swell, to be full of' (which one supposes a. o. in εὑθενέω [s. v.]); in spite of the agreement of Fraenkel Lexis 3, 61 ff. and Heubeck Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 5, 28 ff. (with lit.) not to be recommended. Pelasgian hypothesis, partly following Ehrlich, by v. Windekens Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 8, 168 ff. -- As long as no better explanations from IE are put forward, the word must be considered Pre-Greek; thus a.o. v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 108f. w. n. 3, Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 474.

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annus, i, m. [acc. to some, as Corssen, Beitr. 16, for am-nus, from 2. an- am-; or acc. to others, directly from 2. anus, a ring, and kindred to the form appearing, in enoautos, di-enos, tri-enos].

Lit., a circuit, circular course, periodical return: tempus a brumā ad brumam, dum sol redit, vocatur annus;

quod, ut parvi circuli anuli, sic magni dicebantur circites ani, unde annus,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 8 Müll.; cf.

for the same idea: circum tribus actis annis,

Lucr. 5, 883:

anno, qui solstitiali circumagitur orbe,

Liv. 1, 19; 6, 1:

quae (stellae) volvunt magnos in magnis orbibus annos,

Lucr. 5, 644; so Verg. A. 1, 234:

multis solis redeuntibus annis,

Lucr. 1, 311; so Verg. A. 8, 47; cf. also Voss ad Verg. G. 2, 402; and the Heb. = month, from = to renew; hence, a year (consisting among the Rom. orig. of ten months, ending with Dec. and beginning with Mart., but from the time of Numa of twelve):

annos sexaginta natus,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 10:

principio circum tribus actis impiger annis Floret equus,

Lucr. 5, 881:

tempora mutare annorum,

the seasons, id. 2, 170:

anni tempus, Varr, R. R. 1, 46: nemo est tam senex, qui se annum non putet posse vivere,

Cic. Sen. 7, 24:

centum et septem complevit annos,

id. ib. 5, 13 et saep.:

anni fugaces,

Hor. C. 2, 14, 1:

anni mobiles,

id. A. P. 157:

annus piger,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 21:

anni breves,

id. C. 4, 13, 23:

per exactos annos,

id. ib. 3, 22, 6:

initio anni,

Liv. 2, 52:

principio anni,

id. 2, 48:

anno ineunte,

Suet. Calig. 42; id. Tib. 54:

anno exeunte,

Cic. Div. 1, 25:

extremo anno,

Liv. 2, 64:

extremo anni,

Tac. A. 6, 27:

anno circumacto,

Liv. 6, 1:

vertente anno,

Vulg. 2 Reg. 11, 1:

annus totus,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 1:

annus solidus,

a full year, Liv. 1, 19.— Poet.:

pleno anno,

at the close of, Hor. C. 3, 18, 5; Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 30; id. Men. 2, 1, 9:

nondum centum et decem anni sunt, cum lata est lex,

Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75: lex anno post quam lata sit abrogata, id. Cornel. Fragm. ap. Orell. IV. 2, p. 448.—

Adverb. phrases.

Anno.

A year ago, last year, perusi (for the most part anteclass.;

not used by Cic.),

Plaut. Am. prol. 91:

quattuor minis ego emi istanc anno,

id. Men. 1, 3, 22; id. Truc. 2, 4, 39: utrum anno an horno te abstuleris a viro, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 121, 8; so,

ab anno priore,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 8, 10; and:

ab anno praeterito,

ib. ib. 9, 2.—

A full or whole year, Liv. 3, 39 fin.:

corpus ejus matronae anno luxerunt,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 10 fin. (in Livy, instead of it, annum; v. 2. infra).—

In each year, yearly:

uno boum jugo conseri anno quadragena jugera, difficilis tricena justum est,

Plin. 18, 18, 48, § 173.—But in is freq. added when it is related how often a thing happened during the year, Varr. R. R. 2, 11, 8:

ter in anno,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 46:

semel in anno,

Vulg. Heb. 9, 7 (cf.:

semel per annum,

ib. Ex. 30, 10) al. (but without in' ter et quater anno, Hor. C. 1, 31, 14:

bis anno,

Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 184).—

Annum, a year, during a whole year:

matronae annum eum luxerunt,

Liv. 2, 7.—

Ad annum, for the coming year, a year hence:

faciendum est ad annum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 92:

quem ad annum tribunum plebis videbam fore,

id. Att. 5, 2.—

In annum.

For a year: prorogatum in annum im [p. 127] perium est, Liv. 37, 2, 11: si quid Est ( gnaws) animum, differs curandi tempus in annum? Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 39:

provisae frugis in annum Copia,

id. ib. 1, 18, 109.—

In the next year, the next year:

quod stercoratione faciunt in annum segetes meliores,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 12.—

Per annos, year by year, yearly:

arva per annos mutant, et superest ager,

Tac. G. 26; so,

per omnes annos,

Vulg. Lev. 16, 34; ib. Luc. 2, 41.—

Omnibus annis, all the years, always, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 21.—

Transf.

Poet., a part of a year, a season of the year:

nunc frondent silvae, nunc formosissimus an-nus,

now the forest is clothed with verdure, now the year is most beautiful, Verg. E. 3, 57; so,

pomifer annus,

Hor. C. 3, 23, 8:

hibernus annus,

id. Epod. 2, 29: Pisaeumque domus non aestuat annum, i. e. the summer (in which season of the year the Olympic games were celebrated at Pisa), Stat. S. 1, 3, 8.—

The produce of the year ( poet. or in post-Aug. prose; cf.

annona, I.),

Luc. 9, 437:

agricolae annum flevere,

id. 3, 452; 3, 70; Stat. Th. 4, 710; Val. Fl. 5, 424:

nec arare terram aut exspectare annum,

Tac. G. 14, ubi v. Rup.; cf. Schwarz ad Plin. Pan. 29.—

Time of life ( poet.):

Dum vernat sanguis, dum rugis integer annus,

while your years are free from wrinkles, Prop. 5, 5, 59:

vitae longus et annus erit,

the years of life, id. 3, 7, 38.—

In polit. life, the age to which one must attain in order to be appointed to an office (cf. annalis, II.):

quod hoc honore me adfecistis primā petitione, quod anno meo,

Cic. Agr. 2, 2:

subito reliquit annum suum seseque in annum proximum transtulit,

id. Mil. 9, 24:

qui anno suo petierint,

id. ib. 9, 24; id. Att. 1, 1; id. Fam. 10, 25.—

In astronomy: annus magnus or mundanus, the period of time in which the constellations return to the same place; acc. to Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 11, 15,000 years; v. Cic. N. D. 2, 20; Tac. Or. 16; and Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 31, 102.

cĕlĕber, ēbris, ēbre, adj. ( masc. celebris, Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7; Tac. A. 2, 88 fin.; 13, 47; 14, 19; Curt. 5, 1, 18; Gell. 17, 21, 10; comp. very rare, but sup. freq.) [perh. Sanscr. çru-, audire; Gr. kleos; v. Corss. Beitr. p. 368], that which contains a multitude, numerous; hence,

Where there is a multitude, or where a multitude comes together; of places, much frequented or resorted to, populous, abounding in, rich in (syn.: plenus, frequens; opp. desertus): celeber poluandros, Gloss. Vet.:

in locis illa fortuita: culti an inculti, celebres an deserti, etc.,

Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36; id. Sest. 67, 140; id. Verr. 2, 2, 65, § 159; id. Mil. 24, 66; Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:

loco celebri an secreto,

Quint. 11, 1, 47:

in foro celeberrimo, tantā frequentiā,

most frequented, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 133;

but: celeberrimo fori,

at the time when the Forum was most frequented, Tac. A. 4, 67 fin.:

via,

Cato, R. R. 1, 3:

portus celeberrimus atque plenissimus navium,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33:

celeberrimo virorum mulierumque conventu,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107; id. Phil. 14, 6, 16; cf. id. Pis. 15, 34:

celebri urbe et copiosā,

id. Arch. 3, 4:

celeberrimo loco (urbis) elatus,

Nep. Dion, 10, 3; cf. Plin. Ep. 2, 7, 7; 8, 6, 14:

pars oppidi,

Suet. Aug. 1:

oraculum,

Cic. Div. 1, 19, 37:

convivium,

Tac. A. 14, 48; id. H. 1, 81:

celeberrima fontibus Ide,

Ov. M. 2, 218:

celeberrimus ilice lucus,

id. Am. 3, 5, 3.—

Meton.

That is celebrated, honored by a great assembly, procession, train, etc.; renowned, distinguished, celebrated, famous (syn.: clarus, notus, nobilis; in prose and poetry, partic. since the Aug. per.).

With abl.:

gentis Aquitanae celeber Messala triumphis,

Tib. 2, 1, 33:

dies omni caerimoniarum genere,

Liv. 25, 12, 15; cf.

ludi,

Suet. Aug. 44:

Tiresias famā,

Ov. M. 3, 339:

Daedalus ingenio artis,

id. ib. 8, 159:

vir arte grammaticā,

Plin. 24, 17, 102, § 167:

quisque ingenio,

Tac. Agr. 1:

tribunus plebis opibus, gratiā, etc.,

Vell. 2, 18, 2:

pons Mulvius nocturnis illecebris,

Tac. A. 13, 47.—

Absol.:

dies celeberrimi laetissimique,

most solemn, festive, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

res totā Siciliā celeberrima atque notissima,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 61: celebre per Hispaniam responsum, Liv. 21, 19, 8: fama inter barbaros id. 27, 33, 1:

nomen ad posteros,

id. 1, 3, 8:

viri,

id. 26, 27, 16:

duces,

Vell. 2, 17, 2:

Arminius,

Tac. A. 2, 88:

Diana,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 20:

dea,

Ov. M. 1, 747; cf. id. ib. 5, 412:

templa,

Quint. 1, 4, 16: Aper et Secundus, celeberrima tum ingema fori nostri. Tac. Or. 2. —

With in:

celeberrimus fuit in hoc genere Sosus,

Plin. 36, 25, 60, § 184.—

Often repeated, numerous, frequent (very rare): celebri gradu, with double quick step, Att. ap. Non. p. 89, 25 (Trag. Rel. v. 25 Rib.):

verba celeberrima,

often repeated, Ov. A. A. 2, 705:

vox,

id. P. 1, 9, 25:

lapis celeber trans maria et quondam in Campania,

Plin. 34, 1, 2, § 2:

nomina in annalibus,

Gell. 7 (6), 7, 1.

cĕrē̆brum (per tmesin: saxo cerecomminuit-brum, Enn. ap. Don. p. 1777 P., and ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 412), i, n. [root kar- of karê, v. celsus init.; and root bharof pherô, fero; cf. Corss. Beitr. p. 354], the brain, Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 19; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 32; 5, 2, 7; Verg. A. 5, 413; 9, 419; Lucr. 6, 804; Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 19; Plin. 11, 37, 49, § 133 sq.; 33, 6, 34, § 102 et saep.—

Meton., understanding, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 30; Hor. S. 2, 3, 75; Phaedr. 1, 7, 2; Suet. Calig. 50.— Anger, choler, Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 25; cf. id. Bacch. 2, 3, 17: o te, Bolane, cerebri Felicem! ( = cerebrosus, passionate), Hor. S. 1, 9, 11.—

Transf. to plants, the pith in the upper part, Plin. 13, 4, 8, § 36.

congrŭo, ŭi, 3 ( inf. pres. congruēre, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 102), v. n. [etym. dub.; cf. Corss. Beitr. 457], to run, come, or meet together with something.

Prop. (rare;

mostly post-Aug.): guttae inter se congruunt et confunduntur,

Vitr. 7, 8, 2:

arcem nata petit, quo jam manus horrida matrum Congruerat,

Val. Fl. 2, 307; 6, 58;

of the stars: sidera meantia cum sole aut congruentia,

Plin. 2, 79, 81 § 191; cf. Sen. Q. N. 7, 19, 1 (cf. Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, 69, II. B. infra).—

Hence also of the calendar dates, fixed in accordance with the stars: ut vicesimo anno ad metam eandem solis, unde orsi essent, dies cóngruerent,

Liv. 1, 19, 6.—Far more freq. and class. in prose and poetry,

Trop., to coincide or correspond with a person or thing, in substance, in feeling, or in time, to be suited or adapted to, to agree with, accord, suit, fit.

To be suited or fitted to, to agree with (in substance), to correspond; constr. with cum, inter se, the dat., or absol.

With cum:

illa congruere et cohaerere cum causā,

Cic. Inv. 1, 14, 19; so id. Lael. 8, 27; id. Att. 2, 8, 1; Liv. 23, 38, 5; Quint. 11, 3, 74: cum virtute congruere semper, Cic. Off. 3, 3, 13.—

With inter se:

ut corporis temperatio, cum ea congruunt inter se, e quibus constamus, sanitas: sic animi dicitur, cum ejus judicia opinionesque concordant,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 13, 30:

cum multae causae... inter se congruere videntur,

id. Rosc. Am. 22, 62; id. Fin. 3, 19, 62; Quint. 12, 6, 7 fin.; Sen. Ep. 9, 8.—Somewhat diff.:

fidem auxere captivi eo maxime, quod sermo inter omnes congruebat (for sermones omnium inter se congruebant),

agreed, was congruous, Liv. 9, 2, 4.—

With dat.:

quibus (principiis) congruere debent quae sequuntur,

Cic. Fin. 3, 6, 20; 2, 31, 99; Liv. 8, 6, 12; 42, 17, 1; Quint. 9, 3, 40; Plin. 21, 6, 17, § 33; Tac. A. 6, 22; 13, 1; Suet. Calig. 3: non omni causae nec auditori neque personae neque tempori congruere orationis unum genus, is suitable, fit, = convenire, Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 210; Quint. 4, 2, 89; Dig. 1, 16, 13.— Impers.:

Canidius timidius decessit quam professioni ejus congruebat,

Vell. 2, 87, 3; Dig. 1, 18, 13.—

Absol.:

quemadmodum congruit, ut simul et affirmes, te assiduis occupationibus impediri, et scripta nostra desideres?

is it consistent? Plin. Ep. 7, 2, 1; cf. Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 171:

res prout congruunt aut repugnant,

Quint. 7, 2, 57; so id. 5, 10, 74; 5, 10, 107; Tac. A. 12, 6; id. H. 2, 4:

adversus Latinos bellandum erat, lingua, moribus, etc., congruentes,

Liv. 8, 6, 15.—

To agree (in feeling, opinion, etc.):

illi inter se congruunt concorditer,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 14; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 102:

mulier mulieri magis congruit,

id. Phorm. 4, 5, 14; Nep. Lys. 3 fin.:

linguā, moribus, armorum genere institutis ante omnia militaribus congruentes,

Liv. 8, 6, 15:

ecce autem similia omnia: omnes congruunt: unum cognoris, omnes noris,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 34:

de re unā solum dissident de ceteris mirifice congruunt,

Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53:

vereor ne natura... animos quoque dederit corporum doloribus congruentis,

sympathizing with, sharing in, affected by, id. Tusc. 5, 1, 3; cf.:

sidera innumerabilia caelo inhaerentia cum ejus ipsius motu congruere,

id. ib. 5, 24, 69 Tischer ad loc.—Rarely with in and acc.:

Bruttiis non societate magis Punicā quam suopte ingenio congruentibus in eum morem,

Liv. 29, 6, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:

omniumque in unum sententiae congruebant,

id. 26, 2, 5; 25, 32, 2:

omnes eae res in unum congruentes... damnationem faciebant,

id. 3, 24, 6.—

To come together, agree, meet, coincide (in time):

suos dies mensisque congruere volunt cum solis lunaeque ratione,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129:

tempus ad id ipsum congruere,

Liv. 1, 5, 5; so with ad, id. 1, 19, 6:

cum temporum ratio vix congruat,

Suet. Gram. 7:

forte congruerat, ut Clodii Macri et Fonteii Capitonis caedes nuntiarentur,

it happened at the same time, Tac. H. 1, 7:

in idem artati temporis,

Vell. 1, 16, 2; Suet. Caes. 40; Quint. 5, 5, 2.—Hence, congrŭens, entis, P. a. (acc. to II.).

With cum:

vita cum disciplinā,

Cic. Brut. 31, 117; 38, 141; id. Fin. 2, 14, 45:

Aristoteles et Theophrastus, cum illis re congruentes, genere docendi paulum differentes,

id. Leg. 1, 13, 38.—

With dat.:

congruens actio menti,

Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 222; id. Fin. 5, 21, 58; 2, 31, 99; id. Fam. 9, 24, 1; Suet. Oth. 12.— Comp.:

quid congruentius Deo?

Lact. 4, 26, 13.—

Absol.:

genus dicendi aptum et congruens,

Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 53; Liv. 7, 2, 7:

actio vocis, vultūs et gestūs,

Cic. Part. Or. 15, 54:

oratio verbis discrepans, sententiis congruens,

id. Leg. 1, 10, 30:

cum haec duo pro congruentibus sumunt, tam vehementer repugnantia,

id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—Hence,

Congruens est or videtur, = convenit, it is ( seems) fit, proper, meet (post-Aug. and rare); with acc. and inf.:

congruens erat, eandem immunitatem parentes obtinere,

Plin. Pan. 38, 6: congruentius est, Cod. 8, 47, 4.—In sup.:

congruentissimum est, animam puniri,

Tert. Anim. 58.—With inf.:

congruens videtur primordia ejus aperire,

Tac. H. 5, 2; cf.:

congruens crediderim recensere,

id. A. 4, 6. —With ut:

congruens est, ut, etc.,

Gell. 17, 8, 13; Dig. 1, 16, 4, § 3.—

Agreeing in all its parts; symmetrical, proportioned; accordant, consistent, harmonious: is concentus ex dissimillumarum vocum moderatione concors tamen efficitur et congruens, [p. 421] Cic. Rep. 2, 42, 69:

Tiberius corpore fuit amplo et robusto... ceteris quoque membris usque ad imos pedes aequalis et congruens,

Suet. Tib. 68:

congruens clamor (opp. dissonus),

Liv. 30, 34, 1; cf.:

congruentissimā voce acclamare,

App. Mag. p. 320, 31.—Hence, congrŭenter, adv., agreeably, filly, suitably (twice in Cic., but very rare in the class. per.):

congruenter naturae convenienterque vivere,

Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26:

ut ad id quodcumque agetur apte congruenterque dicamus,

id. de Or. 3, 10, 37:

respondere,

Dig. 45, 1, 1 fin. — Comp., Fronto Orat. 3 fin.; Min. Fel. Oct. 40 fin. — Sup., Tert. Pudic. 8 fin.; Aug. Doctr. Christ. 1, 12 al.

crēber, bra, brum ( sup. creberrimus;

but crebrissimus,

Gell. 2, 30, 2; cf. Rudd. I. p. 170;

and CEREBERRIMVS,

Inscr. Orell. 68), adj. [from cre-, root of cresco, Corn. Beitr. p. 356], that exists or takes place in a continuous multitude, following closely together or one after another (hence with continuus, Quint. 12, 10, 46; opp. rarus).

Thick, close, pressed together, frequent, numerous, repeated (very freq., and class.).

Of material subjects:

lucus avius, Crebro salicto oppletus,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 9; cf.

silva,

Lucr. 6, 135:

crebris arboribus succisis omnes introitus erant praeclusi,

Caes. B. G. 5, 9:

rami,

id. ib. 2, 17:

(venae et arteriae) crebrae multaeque, toto corpore intextae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138:

funale,

numerous torches, id. Sen. 13, 44:

castella,

Caes. B. G. 2, 30:

creberrima aedificia,

id. ib. 5, 12:

ignes quam creberrimi,

Sall. J. 106, 4; cf. id. ib. 98, 6:

vigilias ponere,

id. ib. 45, 2:

tanto crebriores litterae nuntiique,

Caes. B. G. 5, 45; cf.

exploratores,

id. ib. 6, 10:

tam crebri ad terram decidebant quam pira,

as thick as pears, Plaut. Poen. 2, 38; cf.

hostes,

id. Am. 1, 1, 84:

crebri cecidere caelo lapides,

Liv. 1, 31, 2; cf. sup., id. 28, 37, 7 et saep.—

Of immaterial subjects:

itiones,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 23; cf.

excursiones,

Nep. Milt. 2, 1:

ictus,

Lucr. 4, 935; Hor. C. 1, 25, 2; Suet. Calig. 30:

impetus,

Lucr. 1, 294; Sall. J. 50, 1 al.:

anhelitus,

Quint. 11, 3, 55; Verg. A. 5, 199:

commutationes aestuum,

Caes. B. G. 5, 1:

rumores,

id. ib. 2, 1:

amplexus,

Ov. M. 9, 538 al.:

compellationes,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 2:

sonus,

oft repeated, Plin. 10, 29, 43, § 81:

argumentatio,

Quint. 2, 5, 8:

supplosio pedis,

id. 11, 3, 128:

crebriores figurae,

id. 9, 2, 94:

quae apud Sallustium rare fuerunt, apud hunc crebra sunt et paene continua,

Sen. Ep. 114, 18:

crebra lumina (dicendi) et continua,

Quint. 12, 10, 46.—

Meton., of an object that is furnished with abundance, or produces something in multitudes, crowded with, abundant, abounding in:

creber harundinibus lucus,

Ov. M. 11, 190:

Africus procellis,

Verg. A. 1, 85:

Tiberis creber ac subitus incrementis,

Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 55.—Esp., of speech or writing:

sane in eo creber fuisti, Te noluisse, etc.,

you frequently said, Cic. Planc. 34, 83:

si mihi tantum esset otii, quantum est tibi... in scribendo multo essem crebrior quam tu,

id. Att. 1, 19, 1:

(Thucydides) ita creber est rerum frequentia, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 13, 56; id. Brut. 7, 29: quis sententiis aut acutior aut crebrior? id. ap. Suet. Caes. 55; Quint. 10, 1, 102 (cf.: densus sententiis, id. [p. 479] ib. §

68).—In Gr. constr., of the person: densis ictibus heros Creber utrāque manu pulsat versatque Dareta,

Verg. A. 5, 460:

modus (dicendi) translationibus crebrior,

Quint. 12, 10, 60.—Hence, advv.,

Most freq. in the form crēbrō, close one after another (in time or number), repeatedly, often, oftentimes, frequently, many times:

si crebro cades,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 105:

ruri esse,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 18:

mittere litteras,

Cic. Att. 6, 5, 1:

tussire et exspuere,

Quint. 11, 5, 56:

personare purgatam aurem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 7 et saep.:

qui crebro Catulum, saepe me, saepissime rem publicam nominabat,

Cic. Cael. 24, 59.— Comp. crebrius:

perlucet villa crebrius quam cribrum,

i. e. with more holes, openings, Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 14:

mittas litteras,

Cic. Fam. 5, 6, 3 fin.:

crebrius aut perfidiosius rebellantes,

Suet. Aug. 21.— Sup. creberrime (creberru-):

commemorantur a Stoicis,

Cic. Div. 1, 27, 56.—

crē-bră ( acc. plur.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 159), repeatedly:

revisit ad stabulum (mater),

Lucr. 2, 359:

et pede terram Crebra ferit (equus),

Verg. G. 3, 500.—

crēbrē, closely, compactly (of place;

only in Vitr.): fundamenta aedificiorum palationibus crebre fixa,

Vitr. 2, 9, 10.— Sup.:

crates ex virgis creberrime textae,

Vitr. 10, 14, 3.—

crē-brĭter, repeatedly, frequently (in time), Vitr. 10, 13, 7; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 133 sq.

crēber, bra, brum ( sup. creberrimus;

but crebrissimus,

Gell. 2, 30, 2; cf. Rudd. I. p. 170;

and CEREBERRIMVS,

Inscr. Orell. 68), adj. [from cre-, root of cresco, Corn. Beitr. p. 356], that exists or takes place in a continuous multitude, following closely together or one after another (hence with continuus, Quint. 12, 10, 46; opp. rarus).

Thick, close, pressed together, frequent, numerous, repeated (very freq., and class.).

Of material subjects:

lucus avius, Crebro salicto oppletus,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 9; cf.

silva,

Lucr. 6, 135:

crebris arboribus succisis omnes introitus erant praeclusi,

Caes. B. G. 5, 9:

rami,

id. ib. 2, 17:

(venae et arteriae) crebrae multaeque, toto corpore intextae,

Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138:

funale,

numerous torches, id. Sen. 13, 44:

castella,

Caes. B. G. 2, 30:

creberrima aedificia,

id. ib. 5, 12:

ignes quam creberrimi,

Sall. J. 106, 4; cf. id. ib. 98, 6:

vigilias ponere,

id. ib. 45, 2:

tanto crebriores litterae nuntiique,

Caes. B. G. 5, 45; cf.

exploratores,

id. ib. 6, 10:

tam crebri ad terram decidebant quam pira,

as thick as pears, Plaut. Poen. 2, 38; cf.

hostes,

id. Am. 1, 1, 84:

crebri cecidere caelo lapides,

Liv. 1, 31, 2; cf. sup., id. 28, 37, 7 et saep.—

Of immaterial subjects:

itiones,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 23; cf.

excursiones,

Nep. Milt. 2, 1:

ictus,

Lucr. 4, 935; Hor. C. 1, 25, 2; Suet. Calig. 30:

impetus,

Lucr. 1, 294; Sall. J. 50, 1 al.:

anhelitus,

Quint. 11, 3, 55; Verg. A. 5, 199:

commutationes aestuum,

Caes. B. G. 5, 1:

rumores,

id. ib. 2, 1:

amplexus,

Ov. M. 9, 538 al.:

compellationes,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 2:

sonus,

oft repeated, Plin. 10, 29, 43, § 81:

argumentatio,

Quint. 2, 5, 8:

supplosio pedis,

id. 11, 3, 128:

crebriores figurae,

id. 9, 2, 94:

quae apud Sallustium rare fuerunt, apud hunc crebra sunt et paene continua,

Sen. Ep. 114, 18:

crebra lumina (dicendi) et continua,

Quint. 12, 10, 46.—

Meton., of an object that is furnished with abundance, or produces something in multitudes, crowded with, abundant, abounding in:

creber harundinibus lucus,

Ov. M. 11, 190:

Africus procellis,

Verg. A. 1, 85:

Tiberis creber ac subitus incrementis,

Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 55.—Esp., of speech or writing:

sane in eo creber fuisti, Te noluisse, etc.,

you frequently said, Cic. Planc. 34, 83:

si mihi tantum esset otii, quantum est tibi... in scribendo multo essem crebrior quam tu,

id. Att. 1, 19, 1:

(Thucydides) ita creber est rerum frequentia, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 13, 56; id. Brut. 7, 29: quis sententiis aut acutior aut crebrior? id. ap. Suet. Caes. 55; Quint. 10, 1, 102 (cf.: densus sententiis, id. [p. 479] ib. §

68).—In Gr. constr., of the person: densis ictibus heros Creber utrāque manu pulsat versatque Dareta,

Verg. A. 5, 460:

modus (dicendi) translationibus crebrior,

Quint. 12, 10, 60.—Hence, advv.,

Most freq. in the form crēbrō, close one after another (in time or number), repeatedly, often, oftentimes, frequently, many times:

si crebro cades,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 105:

ruri esse,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 18:

mittere litteras,

Cic. Att. 6, 5, 1:

tussire et exspuere,

Quint. 11, 5, 56:

personare purgatam aurem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 7 et saep.:

qui crebro Catulum, saepe me, saepissime rem publicam nominabat,

Cic. Cael. 24, 59.— Comp. crebrius:

perlucet villa crebrius quam cribrum,

i. e. with more holes, openings, Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 14:

mittas litteras,

Cic. Fam. 5, 6, 3 fin.:

crebrius aut perfidiosius rebellantes,

Suet. Aug. 21.— Sup. creberrime (creberru-):

commemorantur a Stoicis,

Cic. Div. 1, 27, 56.—

crē-bră ( acc. plur.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 159), repeatedly:

revisit ad stabulum (mater),

Lucr. 2, 359:

et pede terram Crebra ferit (equus),

Verg. G. 3, 500.—

crēbrē, closely, compactly (of place;

only in Vitr.): fundamenta aedificiorum palationibus crebre fixa,

Vitr. 2, 9, 10.— Sup.:

crates ex virgis creberrime textae,

Vitr. 10, 14, 3.—

crē-brĭter, repeatedly, frequently (in time), Vitr. 10, 13, 7; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 133 sq.

dē, adv.: of place, down, only in the phrase susque deque, q. v.

dē, prep. [perh. for ded; cf. Oscan dat, old abl. of pronom. stem da; cf. also Lith. praep. da, as far as; and the suffixes, old case-forms, -dam, -dem, -dum, -do, with the locative -de; v. Ribbeck, Beitr. z. L. v. d. Lat. Part. p. 4 sq.] (with abl., denotes the going out, departure, removal, or separating of an object from any fixed point. Accordingly, it occupies a middle place between ab, away from, which denotes a mere external departure, and ex, out of, which signifies from the interior of a thing. Hence verbs compounded with de are constr. not only with de, but quite as freq. with ab and ex; and, on the other hand, those compounded with ab and ex often have the terminus a quo indicated by de), from, away from, down from, out of, etc.

In space, lit. and trop. with verbs of motion: animam de corpore mitto, Enn. ap. Non. p. 150, 6 (Ann. v. 216 Vahl.):

aliquo quom jam sucus de corpore cessit,

Lucr. 3, 224:

(quod Ariovistus) de altera parte agri Sequanos decedere juberet,

to depart, withdraw from, Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 10; cf.:

civitati persuasit, ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent,

id. ib. 1, 2:

decedere de provincia,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 49 ( = ex provincia, id. ib. 2, 2, 65, §

147): de vita decedere,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 11:

exire de vita,

id. Lael. 4, 15 (cf.:

excedere e vita,

id. ib. 3, 12):

de triclinio, de cubiculo exire,

id. de Or. 2, 65 fin.:

hamum de cubiculo ut e navicula jacere,

Plin. Ep. 9, 7, 4:

de castris procedere,

Sall. C. 61, 8 et saep.:

brassica de capite et de oculis omnia (mala) deducet,

Cato R. R. 157, 6:

de digito anulum detraho,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 38; cf.:

de matris complexu aliquem avellere atque abstrahere,

Cic. Font. 17:

nomen suum de tabula sustulit,

id. Sest. 33, 72:

ferrum de manibus extorsimus,

id. Cat. 2, 1, 2:

juris utilitas vel a peritis vel de libris depromi potest,

id. de Or. 1, 59, 252 et saep.:

... decido de lecto praeceps,

Plaut. Casin. 5, 2, 50:

de muro se deicere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 18, 3:

de sella exsilire,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30 fin.:

nec ex equo vel de muro, etc., hostem destinare,

Tert. adv. Jud. 9, p. 192:

de caelo aliquid demittere,

Lucr. 2, 1155; cf. Cato R. R. 14, 3 et saep.—

In gen., to indicate the person or place from which any thing is taken, etc., with verbs of taking away, depriving, demanding, requesting, inquiring, buying; as capere, sumere, emere, quaerere, discere, trahere, etc., and their compounds; cf.:

emere de aliquo,

Cato R. R. 1, 4:

aliquid mercari de aliquo,

Cic. Fl. 20 et saep.:

de aliquo quaerere, quid, etc.,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 2:

saepe hoc audivi de patre,

id. de Or. 3, 33, 133; cf.:

de mausoleo exaudita vox est,

Suet. Ner. 46:

ut sibi liceret discere id de me,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 31;

so with petere, of place (class.): de vicino terra petita solo,

Ov. F. 4, 822;

so of persons (late Lat.): peto de te,

Dig. 36, 1, 57, § 2; Apul. M. 6, p. 179, 40.

To point out the place from which any thing is brought; and hence, trop., to indicate its origin, derivation, etc.: of, from: de circo astrologi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58; so,

caupo de via Latina,

Cic. Clu. 59, 163:

nescio qui de circo maximo,

id. Mil. 24, 65:

declamator aliqui de ludo aut rabula de foro,

id. Or. 15, 47:

homo de schola atque a magistro... eruditus,

id. de Or. 2, 7, 28:

nautae de navi Alexandrina,

Suet. Aug. 98:

aliquis de ponte,

i. e. a beggar, Juv. 14, 134:

Libyca de rupe leones,

Ov. F. 2, 209:

nostro de rure corona,

Tib. 1, 1, 15:

Vaticano fragiles de monte patellas,

Juv. 6, 344 al.:

de summo loco Summoque genere eques,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 30; cf. id. Aul. prol. 28; id. Poen. 3, 1, 13:

genetrix Priami de gente vetusta,

Verg. A. 9, 284; cf. id. ib. 10, 350; Stat. S. 5, 3, 126:

de Numitore sati,

Ov. F. 5, 41:

de libris,

Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 252:

de Philocteta, id,

ib. 3, 35, 141 (cf.:

e Philocteta versus,

Quint. 3, 1, 14).

Transf., to indicate the quarter from which motion proceeds (cf. ab), from, and because motion is so often and naturally downwards, down from:

haec agebantur in conventu, palam, de sella ac de loco superiore,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40; cf. ib. 2, 2, 38:

quem ad se vocari et de tribunali citari jussit,

id. ib. 2, 5, 7:

qui nihil ex occulto, nihil de insidiis, agendum putant,

Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109; cf.

de tergo plagas dare,

from behind, Plaut. Asin. 2, 2, 10; Just. 20, 5, 5:

de paupere mensa dona,

Tib. 1, 1, 37 et saep.—In jurid. Latin: de plano discutere, interloqui, cognoscere, etc., i. e. on level ground, not on the tribunal (cf. chamothen, opp. pro bêmatos, Dig. 27, 1, 13, § 10), Dig. 1, 4, 1; 1, 16, 9; 14. 3, 11 et saep.; so, de plano, off-hand, without formal consideration, Lucr. 1, 411;

v. planus.—And with pendeo, etc. (the motion in the eye transferred to the object): deque viri collo dulce pependit onus,

Ov. F. 2, 760:

lucerna de camera pendebat,

Petr. 30, 3; cf.:

et nova de gravido palmite gemma tumet,

Ov. F. 1, 152:

de qua pariens arbore nixa dea est,

leaning downwards against the tree, id. H. 21, 100.

In time.

Immediately following a given moment of time, after, directly after (very rare):

de concursu,

Lucr. 1, 384 (cf. Munro, ad loc.):

velim scire hodiene statim de auctione aut quo die venias,

Cic. Att. 12, 3:

non bonus somnus est de prandio,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:

de eorum verbis prosilui, etc.,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 178.—Hence, diem de die, from day to day, day after day, Liv. 5, 48:

cum is diem de die differret, dum, etc.,

id. 25, 25; cf.:

diem de die proferendo,

Just. 2, 15, 6: de die in diem, from day to day, daily (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Psa. 60, 8; 2 Pet. 2, 8; Cypr. Ep. 3, 11.

De nocte, de vigilia, etc., to designate an act which begins or takes its origin from the night-time, Engl. during or in the course of the night, at night, by night, etc.: De. Rus cras cum filio Cum primo lucu ibo hinc. Mi. Imo de nocte censeo, to-night rather, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 55: in comitium Milo de nocte venit, in the night (cf. shortly before, Milo media nocte in campum venit), Cic. Att. 4, 3, 4; cf. id. Mur. 33, 69:

vigilas tu de nocte,

id. ib. 9, 22; cf.:

de nocte evigilabat,

Suet. Vesp. 21:

ut jugulent homines, surgunt de nocte latrones,

at night, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 32;

and Hannibal surgere de nocte solitus, Frontin Strat. 4, 3, 7 et saep.: ut de nocte multa impigreque exsurrexi,

late in the night, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 10; so,

multa de nocte,

Cic. Sest. 35, 75; id. Att. 7, 4 fin. (for which multa nocte, id. Q. Fr. 2, 9); cf.

also: si de multa nocte (al. de nocte) vigilassent,

id. Att. 2, 15, 2:

Caesar mittit complures equitum turmas eo de media nocte,

Caes. B. G. 7, 45; 7, 88; so,

media de nocte,

at midnight, Suet. Calig. 26; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 91:

Caesar de tertia vigilia e castris profectus,

in the third night-watch, Caes. B. G. 1, 12:

de tertia vigilia,

id. ib. 1, 21; Liv. 9, 44 Drak.; 40, 4 al.; cf.:

de quarta vigilia,

Caes. B. G. 1, 21, 3 al.; v. vigilia. —As in this manner de nocte became adverbially = nocte, so de die was sometimes used for die or per diem:

de die potare,

by day, in the daytime, Plaut. Asin. 4, 2, 16:

epulari de die,

Liv. 23, 8; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 8; Catull. 47, 6; Suet. Calig. 37; id. Domit. 21; cf.:

bibulus media de luce Falerni,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 34;

and in a lusus verbb. with in diem,

Cic. Phil. 2, 34 fin. —Less freq., de mense:

navigare de mense Decembri,

in December, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1 fin. —And once de tempore for tempore: ipse de tempore coenavit, Auct. B. Hisp. 33, 5.

In other relations, implying separation, departure from, etc.

To designate the whole, from which a part is taken, or of which a part is separately regarded, etc., from among, out of, from:

hominem certum misi de comitibus meis,

Cic. Att. 8, 1, 2:

gladio percussus ab uno de illis,

id. Mil. 24, 65:

si quis de nostris hominibus,

id. Flacc. 4:

quemvis de iis qui essent idonei,

id. Div. in Caecil. 4 fin.:

de tribus et decem fundis tres nobilissimi fundi,

id. Rosc. Am. 35, 99 et saep.:

accusator de plebe,

id. Brut. 34, 131:

pulsare minimum de plebe Quiritem,

Ov. Am. 1, 7, 29; cf. Liv. 7, 17:

malus poëta de populo,

Cic. Arch. 10, 25 et saep.:

partem solido demere de die,

Hor. Od. 1, 1, 20:

quantum de vita perdiderit,

Petr. 26:

praeteriine tuas de tot caelestibus aras,

Ov. Her. 21, 179; Juv. 1, 138. —

Sometimes de with abl. takes the place of the gen. partit. or gen. obj. In the best writers this occurs mainly

to avoid ambiguity where genitives would be multiplied:

ne expers partis esset de nostris bonis,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 39:

ut aliquem partem de istius impudentia reticere possim,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 32;

for greater precision:

si quae sunt de eodem genere,

id. Tusc. 4, 7, 16:

persona de mimo,

id. Phil. 2, 27, 65;

in the poets, metri gratiā:

aliquid de more vetusto,

Ov. F. 6, 309; Grat. Cyneg. 17:

laudes de Caesare,

Ov. Pont. 4, 13, 23:

cetera de genere hoc,

Hor. Sat. 1, 1, 13; Lucr. 4, 746. This circumlocution was freq. [p. 514] in comic writers and in vulgar lang., and became more common in the declining periods of the lang., so that in the Romance tongues de, di, etc., with a case represent the earlier genitive (so, conscius, conscientia, meminisse, mentionem facere, recordari, etc., de aliqua re for alicujus rei, v. h. vv.).

To indicate the property from which the costs of any thing are taken:

obsonat, potat, olet unguenta de meo,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 37; so,

de tuo,

Plaut. Bac. 1, 1, 65:

de suo,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, A, 5; Suet. Caes. 19:

de nostro,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 11:

de vestro,

Liv. 6, 15, 10; cf.:

de vestris,

Ov. F. 3, 828:

de alieno,

Liv. 3, 1, 3; Just. 36, 3 fin.:

de publico,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 44; Liv. 1, 20; 2, 16; 4, 60. For de tuo, once de te:

de te largitor puer,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 17.—Also in a trop. sense:

ad tua praecepta de meo nihil his novum apposivi,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; cf. id. Men. 1. 2, 40; Cic. Fam. 4, 3; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 8.— Poet., to denote that out of which, or by which, one pays a penalty or suffers punishment:

has vestro de sanguine poenas datis,

Luc. 4, 805; cf.:

cum de visceribus tuis satisfacturus sis quibus debes,

Cic. Q. Frat. 1, 3, 7.

To designate the material of which any thing is made, of, out of, from:

niveo factum de marmore signum,

Ov. M. 14, 313; cf. Verg. G. 3, 13:

verno de flore corona,

Tib. 2, 1, 59:

sucus de quinquefolio,

Plin. 26, 4, 11:

cinis de fico,

Pall. 1, 35, 3 et saep.:

de templo carcerem fleri,

Cic. Phil. 5, 7; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 32:

captivum de rege facturi,

Just. 7, 2, 11; cf.:

inque deum de bove versus erat,

Ov. F. 5, 616 et saep.:

fles de rhetore consul,

Juv. 7, 197.—Cf. trop. by means of:

de eodem oleo et opera exaravi nescio quid ad te,

Cic. Att. 13, 38.—Prov.:

de nihilo nihilum,

Pers. 3, 84; cf. Lucr. 1, 157 sq.

In mental operations, to indicate the subject-matter or theme on which any mental act (thinking, considering, advising, determining, etc.; discoursing, informing, exhorting, deciding, disputing, doubting, etc.) is founded; of, about, concerning, Gr. peri:

cogitare de aliqua re, etc. (the most common signification): multa narrare de Laelio,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

dubitare de re,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 15:

de suo adventu docere,

Suet. Caes. 9:

de moribus admonere,

Sall. Cat. 5, 9 et saep.—With this, too, is connected its use,

To indicate the producing cause or reason, for, on account of, because of:

nam id nisi gravi de causa non fecisset,

Cic. Att. 7, 7, 3; cf. id. de Or. 1, 41, 186; Cael ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15; Cic. Att. 11, 3:

de quo nomine ad arbitrum adiisti, de eo ad judicium venisti,

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 12:

flebat uterque non de suo supplicio, sed pater de filii morte, de patris filius,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76:

de labore pectus tundit,

with pain, Plaut. Casin. 2, 6, 63:

incessit passu de vulnere tardo,

Ov. M. 10, 49:

humus fervet de corpore,

id. ib. 7, 560:

facilius de odio creditur,

Tac. H. 1, 34:

quod erat de me feliciter Ilia mater,

through me, Ov. F. 3, 233 et saep.

To indicate the thing with reference to which any thing is done, with respect to, concerning:

de istac re in oculum utrumvis conquiescito,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 121: nil peccat de savio, Caec. ap. Gell. 2, 23, 11 (v. 161 Ribbeck):

credere de numero militum,

Cic. Att. 9, 1, 2:

de numero dierum fidem servare,

Caes. B. G. 6, 36; Sall. C. 50, 3:

de ceteris senatui curae fore,

id. Jug. 26, 1:

concessum ab nobilitate de consule plebeio,

Liv. 6, 42:

solem de virgine rapta consule,

Ov. F. 4, 581 et saep.—Ellipt.:

de argento somnium,

as for the money, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 50 (for which id. Heaut. 4, 2, 4: quod de argento sperem, nihil est): Varr. R. R. 1, 59, 1:

de Dionysio sum admiratus,

Cic. Att. 9, 12; id. Off. 1, 15, 47:

de me autem suscipe paullisper meas partes,

id. Fam. 3, 12, 2; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 36 et saep.:

de Samnitibus triumphare,

concerning, over, Cic. Sen. 16, 55; cf. Hor. 4, 2, 88:

de Atheniensibus victoria,

Curt. 8, 1, 33.

To indicate the thing in conformity with which any thing is done, according to, after:

secundum: DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD, S. C. de Bac.: fecisse dicas de mea sententia,

Plaut. Bac. 4, 9, 115; cf.:

de suorum propinquorum sententia atque auctoritate fecisse dicatur,

Cic. Cael. 29: de consilii sententia Mamertinis se frumentum non imperare pronunciat, id. Verr. 2, 5, 21 al.:

de ejus consilio velle sese facere,

Ter. Ph. 3, 1, 17:

vix de mea voluntate concessum est,

Cic. Att. 4, 2, 4:

de exemplo meo ipse aedificato,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 86:

de more vetusto,

Verg. A. 11, 142; Ov. M. 7, 606:

de nomine,

id. ib. 1, 447:

patrioque vocat de nomine mensem,

id. F. 3, 77.

With adjectives to form adverbial expressions.

De integro, anew ( = ab integro, ex integro; cf.: iterum, rursus, denuo), indidemque eadem aeque oriuntur de integro, atque eodem occidunt, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll. (v. 92 Ribb.):

ratio de integro ineunda est mihi,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 7; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56; id. Att. 13, 27; id. Fam. 12, 30, 2 et saep. (The combination de novo appears only in the contracted form denuo, v. h. v.).—

De improviso, unexpectedly:

ubi de improviso interventum est mulieri,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 40; id. And. 2, 2, 23; id. Ad. 3, 3, 53; Caes. B. G. 2, 3; 5, 22; 5, 39 et saep.; Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151 et saep.—

De transverso, unexpectedly:

ecce autem de transverso L. Caesar ut veniam ad se rogat,

Cic. Att. 15, 4 fin.; Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14.

or pron. and its substantive; cf.

above multa de nocte, media de nocte, gravi de causa, etc.: qua de re,

Ter. Andr. 1, 2, 13; esp. in the judic. formula: qua de re agitur; cf. Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 6; Cic. Brut. 79 fin. Also freq. after a simple relative:

quo de,

Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 41; 54, 104; 2, 11, 37:

qua de,

id. ib. 2, 23, 70 et saep.

In composition the e becomes short before a vowel, as in dĕhisco, dĕhinc, dĕorsum, and coincides with it in the poets by synaeresis; cf.: dehinc, deinde, deinceps, deorsum; sometimes contraction takes place, as in debeo, debilis, dego, demo, from dehabeo, de-habilis, de-ago, de-emo.—

Signif.

Separation, departure, removal, taking away; off, away, down, out: decedo, demigro, demeto, depromo, descendo, devolvo, derivo, deflecto, etc.; and trop. dedico, denuntio; and in a downward direction, decido, decumbo, deprimo, demergo, delabor, defluo, demitto, desido, desideo, declivis, deculco, degredior, deicio, etc.—

Cessation, removal of the fundamental idea ( = un-, de-, dis-): dearmo, deartuo, decresco, dedisco, dedecoro, dedignor, dedoceo, denascor, denormo, desum, etc.; and hence direct negation, as in dedecet, deformis, demens, etc.—

With reference to the terminus of the action: defero, defigo, demitto, etc.; hence also trop., with reference to the extent of the action, to the uttermost, to exhaustion, through. out: debacchor, debello, dedolo, delino, delibuo, etc.: defatigo, delaboro, delasso, etc.; hence freq. a mere strengthening of the fundamental idea, = valde, thoroughly, much: demiror, demitigo, etc.—

Giving a bad sense to the verb: decipio, delinquo, deludo, derideo, detestor.—

Rarely, contraction from a broad into a narrow space, together: deligo, devincio. See also Hand Turs. II. p. 183-229.

fĕrentārĭus, ii, m. [Sanscr. dhvar-, laedere, destruere, Corss. Krit. Beitr. p. 178], a sort of light troops who fought with missile weapons (syn. rorarii).

Prop.:

ferentarii equites hi dicti, qui ea habebant arma, quae ferrentur, ut jaculum,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 57 Müll.; cf. id. ap. Non. 520, 11 sq.:

erant inter pedites, qui dicebantur funditores et ferentarii, qui praecipue in cornibus locabantur et a quibus pugnandi sumebatur exordium: sed hi et velocissimi et exercitatissimi legebantur,

Veg. Mil. 1, 20; cf. also Paul. ex Fest. p. 85, 7; 93, 14;

and 369, 5 Müll.: postquam eo ventum est, unde a ferentariis proelium committi posset,

Sall. C. 60, 2.— Sing. collect.:

ferentarius gravisque miles, illi telis adsultantes, hi conserto gradu,

Tac. A. 12, 35.—

Transf., one who is active or ready:

illum tibi Ferentarium esse amicum inventum intellego,

a friend ready to assist, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 55.

ille (old orthog., olle), a, ud ( ollus, a, um, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 42 Müll.; Verg. A. 5, 197; in dramat. poets often ĭlle, v. Corss. Ausspr. II. p. 624), gen. illīus (usu. illĭus in epic and lyric poets; Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183; illīus in the time of Quint; cf. Ritschl, Opusc. 2, 683 sqq.; 696; gen. sing. m. illi, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 694; dat. sing. f. olli, Verg. A. 1, 254; Cato, R. R. 153 and 154; abl. plur. ‡ ab oloes = ab illis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 19 Müll.); pron. demonstr. [Etym. dub., v. Corss. Beitr. p. 301], points (opp. hic) to something more remote, or which is regarded as more remote, and, in contrast with hic and iste, to something near or connected with a third person, that; he, she, it ( absol.).

In gen.

With substantives: ille vir haud magna cum re sed plenus fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 342 Vahl.): si quid vos per laborem recte feceritis, labor ille a vobis cito recedet... nequiter factum illud apud vos semper manebit, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1 fin.:

sol me ille admonuit,

that sun, Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 209:

in illa tranquillitate atque otio jucundissime vivere,

id. Rep. 1, 1:

cum omnis arrogantia odiosa est, tum illa ingenii atque eloquentiae multo molestissima,

id. Div. in Caecil. 11, 36:

in illa vita,

id. ib. 1, 3:

illum Aurora nitentem Luciferum portet,

Tib. 1, 3, 93.—

Absol.: illos bono genere gnatos, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17:

ergo ille, cives qui id cogit, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2:

tum ille, Non sum, inquit, nescius, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 11, 45; cf. id. Rep. 1, 9; 1, 10:

illum ab Alexandrea discessisse nemo nuntiat,

id. Att. 11, 17, 3; cf.:

de illius Alexandrea discessu nihil adhuc rumoris,

id. ib. 11, 18, 1:

ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur,

Sall. C. 52, 12.—In neutr. with gen.:

Galba erat negligentior, quam conveniret principi electo atque illud aetatis,

Suet. Galb. 14:

illud horae,

id. Ner. 26.—

With other pronouns:

itaque cum primum audivi, ego ille ipse factus sum: scis quem dicam,

Cic. Fam. 2, 9, 1; cf.:

qui cum illis una ipsum illum Carneadem diligenter audierat,

id. de Or. 1, 11, 45:

ille quoque ipse confessus est,

Cels. 1, 3:

huic illi legato,

Cic. Fl. 22, 52:

hunc illum fatis Portendi generum,

Verg. A. 7, 255; cf.:

hic est enim ille vultus semper idem quem, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31:

hic est ille status quantitatis,

Quint. 7, 4, 15:

est idem ille tyrannus deterrimum genus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42:

eandem illam (sphaeram),

id. ib. 1, 14:

cum et idem qui consuerunt et idem illud alii desiderent,

id. Off. 2, 15 fin.:

illum reliquit alterum apud matrem domi,

Plaut. Men. prol. 26.—

Opp. to hic, to indicate that object which is the more remote, either as regards the position of the word denoting it, or as it is conceived of by the writer; v. hic, I. D.—

Pleon., referring back to a subject or object already mentioned in the same sentence:

sic oculos, sic ille manus, sic ora ferebat,

Verg. A. 3, 490; cf. Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 91:

non ille timidus perire, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 51; id. S. 2, 3, 204:

Parmenides, Xenophanes, minus bonis quamquam versibus, sed tamen illi versibus increpant, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74.

In partic.

Pregn., that, to indicate some well-known or celebrated object, equivalent to the ancient, the wellknown, the famous: si Antipater ille Sidonius, quem tu probe, Catule, meministi, Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 194:

Xenophon, Socraticus ille,

id. ib. 2, 14, 58:

auditor Panaetii illius,

id. ib. 1, 11, 45:

a qua (gratia) te flecti non magis potuisse demonstras, quam Herculem Xenophontium illum a voluptate,

id. Fam. 5, 12, 3:

ut ex eodem Ponto Medea illa quondam profugisse dicitur,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:

magno illi Alexandro simillimus,

Vell. 2, 41:

honestum illud Solonis est,

Cic. de Sen. 14, 50:

illa verba,

Quint. 10, 7, 2:

velocitas,

id. ib. 8.—

Particular phrases.

Hic... ille, this... that, the one... the other, of single objects in opp. to the whole: non dicam illinc hoc signum ablatum esse et illud;

hoc dico, nullum te Aspendi signum, Verres, reliquisse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 20, § 53.—

Ille aut or et ille, that or that, such and such:

quaesisse, num ille aut ille defensurus esset,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 21, 59:

commendo vobis illum et illum,

Suet. Caes. 41.—

Ille quidem... sed (autem, etc.), certainly, to be sure, indeed, etc.,... but still:

philosophi quidam, minime mali illi quidem, sed, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 9, 39:

ludo autem et joco uti illo quidem licet, sed, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 29, 103:

Q. Mucius enucleate ille quidem et polite, ut solebat, nequaquam autem, etc.,

id. Brut. 30, 115:

alter bellum comparat, non injustum ille quidem, suis tamen civibus exitiabile,

id. Att. 10, 4, 3:

sequi illud quidem, verum, etc.,

id. Fat. 18, 41.—

Ex illo, from that time, since then ( poet. and very rare):

ex illo fluere et retro sublapsa referri Spes Danaūm,

Verg. A. 2, 169 (for which in full:

tempore jam ex illo casus mihi cognitus urbis Trojanae,

id. ib. 1, 623):

solis ex illo vivit in antris,

Ov. M. 3, 394:

scilicet ex illo Junonia permanet ira,

id. H. 14, 85.— Hence, advv.

illā (sc. viā=ab hac parte), in that way, in that direction, there (very rare):

nunc ego me illa per posticum ad congerrones conferam,

Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 27; id. Mil. 2, 3, 17:

hac vel illa cadit,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 18:

ac ne pervium illa Germanicis exercitibus foret, obsaepserat,

Tac. H. 3, 8; 5, 18; id. A. 2, 17:

ipsum quin etiam Oceanum illa tentavimus,

id. G. 34:

forte revertebar festis vestalibus illa, qua, etc.,

Ov. F. 6, 395 Merk. (vulg. illac).—

illō (sc. loco), to that place, thither (class.).

Lit., with verbs of motion, = illuc:

principio ut illo advenimus, ubi primum terram tetigimus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 48:

neque enim temere praeter mercatores illo adit quisquam,

Caes. B. G. 4, 20, 3:

nam illo non saxum, non materies advecta est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 56, § 147; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 28; Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 328: To. Vin' huc vocem? Do. Ego illo accessero, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 26:

positiones huc aut illo versae,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 11, 1.—

Transf.

To that end, thereto:

haec omnia Caesar eodem illo pertinere arbitrabatur, ut, etc.,

to that very purpose, Caes. B. G. 4, 11, 4:

spectat,

Dig. 47, 10, 7.—

Post-class. for ibi, there, Dig. 48, 5, 23.—

illim, adv., an early form (cf.: istim, exim) for illinc (i. e. illim-ce), from that place, thence (ante-class. and a few times in Cic.): sarculum hinc illo profectus illim redisti rutrum, Pompon. ap. Non. 18, 21 (Fragm. Com. v. 90 Rib.); Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 98; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 17; Lucr. 3, 879:

illim equidem Gnaeum profectum puto,

Cic. Att. 9, 14, 2 (al. illinc):

quid illim afferatur,

id. ib. 7, 13, b, 7 (al. illinc); id. ib. 11, 17, 3:

omnem se amorem abjecisse illim atque in hanc transfudisse,

i. e. from her, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77; id. Harusp. Resp. 20, 42.

ordo, ĭnis, m. [from root or-; Sanscr. ar-, to go, strive upward; cf. orior, through an adj. stem ordo-; v. Corss. Krit. Beitr. p. 108], a regular row, line, or series, methodical arrangement, order (class.; syn.: series, tenor).

In gen.:

ordinem sic definiunt compositionem rerum aptis et accommodatis locis,

Cic. Off. 1, 40, 142:

vis ordinis et collocationis,

id. ib. 1, 40, 142:

arbores in ordinem satae,

i. e. planted in a quincunx, Varr. R. R. 1, 7; cf. Cic. Caecil. 8, 22; id. Sen. 17, 59.—

Esp., right order, regular succession:

fatum appello ordinem seriemque causarum,

Cic. Div. 1, 55, 125:

nihil esse pulchrius in omni ratione vitae dispositione atque ordine,

Col. 12, 2:

adhibere modum quendam et ordinem rebus,

Cic. Off. 1, 5, 17:

mox referam me ad ordinem,

will soon bring myself to order, return to order, id. Ac. 2, 20, 67:

res in ordinem redigere,

to reduce to order, Auct. Her. 3, 9, 16; so,

in ordinem adducere,

Cic. Univ. 3:

ordinem conservare,

id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6:

eundem tenere,

to preserve, id. Phil. 5, 13, 35:

sequi,

id. Brut. 69, 244:

immutare,

to change, id. Or. 63, 214:

perturbare,

to disturb, id. Brut. 62, 223: cogere or redigere in ordinem, to reduce to order, to humble, degrade:

decemviri querentes, se in ordinem cogi,

Liv. 3, 51; 3, 35; Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 1; Quint. 1, 4, 3; so,

in ordinem redactus,

Suet. Vesp. 15; cf.

trop.: gula reprimenda et quasi in ordinem redigenda est,

Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 5.—

Adverb. expressions.

Ordine, in ordinem, per ordinem, in ordine, ex ordine, in order, in turn:

Hegioni rem enarrato omnem ordine,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 53; Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 17; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 28:

interrogare,

Cic. Part. 1, 2:

tabulae in ordinem confectae,

id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6:

ordine cuncta exposuit,

Liv. 3, 50, 4; 30, 15, 1:

sortiti nocte singuli per ordinem,

Quint. 4, 2, 72:

hos Corydon, illos referebat in ordine Thyrsis,

Verg. E. 7, 20; id. A. 8, 629:

ut quisque aetate et honore antecedebat, ita sententiam dixit ex ordine,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 64, § 143:

ordine se vocante,

when his turn came, Macr. S. 2, 2, § 12:

in ordine vicis,

Vulg. Luc. 1, 8.—

Ordine, regularly, properly, appropriately:

omnia ut quidque Egisti ordine scio,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 15:

rem demonstravi ordine,

id. Mil. 3, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 3, 17 Brix ad loc.:

an id recte, ordine, e re publicā factum esse defendes?

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:

si hoc recte atque ordine factum videtur,

id. Quint. 7, 28.—

Ex ordine, in succession, without intermission:

vendit Italiae possessiones ex ordine omnes,

Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 4:

septem illum totos perhibent ex ordine menses Flevisse,

Verg. G. 4, 507; cf. id. A. 5, 773.—

Extra ordinem.

Out of course, in an unusual or extraordinary manner:

extra ordinem decernere provinciam alicui,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 8, 19:

crimina probantur,

in an illegal manner, Dig. 48, 1, 8.—

Extraordinarily, i. e. uncommonly, eminently, especially:

ad eam spem, quam extra ordinem de te ipso habemus, accedunt tua praecipua,

Cic. Fam. 6, 5, 3.—

Transf. concr.

In gen.

Tres ordines lapidum, three courses of stones, Vulg. 3 Reg. 6, 36.—In building, a row, course, or layer of stones, etc.:

obstructis in speciem portis singulis ordinibus caespitum,

Caes. B. G. 5, 51:

alius insuper ordo adicitur,

id. ib. 7, 23: tot premit ordinibus caput, tiers or layers of ornaments, Juv. 6, 502. —

A row of benches or seats:

terno consurgunt ordine remi,

in three rows of oar-banks, Verg. A. 5, 120:

sex ordinum navem invenit Xenagoras,

Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 208.—In the theatre, a row of seats: post senatores ex vetere instituto quatuordecim graduum ordines equestri ordini assignati fuere, Suet. [p. 1278] Aug. 44:

sedisti in quatuordecim ordinibus,

Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 44.—

A train of servants or attendants:

comitum longissimus ordo,

Juv. 3, 284.—

In milit. lang.

A line or rank of soldiers in battle array:

auxilia regis nullo ordine iter fecerant,

Caes. B. C. 2, 26:

ne quisquam ordine egrederetur,

Sall. J. 45, 2:

nullo ordine commutato,

id. ib. 101, 2:

sine signis, sine ordinibus,

id. ib. 97, 5; so,

signa atque ordines observare,

to keep the ranks, remain in line, id. ib. 51, 1:

conturbare,

id. ib. 50, 4:

restituere,

id. ib. 51, 3; Liv. 2, 50; 8, 8.—

A band, troop, company of soldiers:

viri fortissimi atque honestissimi, qui ordines duxerunt,

who have led companies, have been officers, Cic. Phil. 1, 8, 20:

L. Pupius primipili centurio, qui hunc eundem ordinem in exercitu Pompeii antea duxerat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 13. —Hence,

A captaincy, a command: ordinem alicui adimere, Tab. Heracl. ap. Mazoch. p. 423, n. 47; cf.

on the contrary: alicui assignare,

Liv. 42, 34:

DARE,

Inscr. Orell. 3456:

centuriones ad superiores ordines transducere,

Caes. B. G. 6, 40; cf. id. ib. 5, 4, 4.—

Ordines, chieftains, captains:

tribunis militum primisque ordinibus convocatis,

the captains of the first companies, Caes. B. G. 6, 7 fin.; Liv. 30, 4, 1.—

In a polit. respect, an order, i. e. a rank, class, degree of citizens:

et meus med ordo inrideat,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 55.—In the time of Cicero there were three principal classes, ordo senatorius, equester, and plebeius:

Fidiculanius cujus erat ordinis? senatoril,

Cic. Clu. 37, 104; id. Fl. 18, 43:

proximus est huic dignitati equester ordo,

Cic. Dom. 28, 74; Suet. Aug. 41:

inferiores loco, auctoritate, ordine,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48, § 127: ordo amplissimus, i. e. the Senate:

quem absentem in amplissimum ordinem cooptarunt,

id. Cael. 2, 5;

also termed SPLENDIDISSIMVS ORDO,

Inscr. Orell. 1180; 1181; and simply ordo, the order, for the Senate:

ordo Mutinensis,

Tac. H. 2, 52; Inscr. Grut. 425, 1:

trecentos ex dediticiis electos utriusque ordinis,

i. e. of the two upper classes, Suet. Aug. 15.—

In gen., a class, rank, station, condition:

mearum me rerum aequom'st novisse ordinem,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 50:

publicanorum,

Cic. Fam. 13, 9, 2:

aratorum, pecuariorum, mercatorum,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

homo ornatissimus loco, ordine, nomine,

id. ib. 2, 1, 48, §

127: libertini,

Suet. Gram. 18.—So in the inscrr.: SACERDOTVM, HARVSPICVM, etc., Grut. 320, 12; 304, 7; 302, 2 et saep.; so,

grammatici alios auctores in ordinem redigerunt, alios omnino exemerant numero,

recognized among, placed in the rank of, Quint. 1, 4, 3.—

Esp. (eccl. Lat.), an order in the church, an ecclesiastical rank or office:

ordines sacerdotum et Levitarum,

Vulg. 2 Esdr. 13, 30:

secundum ordinem Melchisedek,

id. Psa. 109, 5.