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because+of+that

  • 1 bě̄dà

    bě̄dà Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `need, poverty, misery'
    Page in Trubačev: II 54-56
    Old Church Slavic:
    běda `distress, need, necessity' [f ā]
    Russian:
    bedá `misfortune, trouble' [f ā]
    Czech:
    bída `poverty, misery' [f ā];
    běda `woe!' [interj]
    Slovak:
    bieda `poverty, calamity' [f ā]
    Polish:
    bieda `poverty, misery' [f ā];
    biada `woe!' [interj]
    Old Polish:
    biada `distress, necessity' [f ā] \{1\}
    Upper Sorbian:
    běda `grief, woe, misery' [f ā]
    Lower Sorbian:
    běda `grief, pain' [f ā]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    bijèda `grief, misfortune' [f ā]
    Slovene:
    bẹ́da `misery' [f ā]
    Bulgarian:
    bedá `misfortune, misery' [f ā]
    Indo-European reconstruction: bʰoidʰ-eh₂ \{2\}
    IE meaning: force
    Certainty: +
    Page in Pokorny: 117
    Comments: According to Būga (RR I: 345-346), Lith. bėdà 4 `misfortune, trouble, guilt' is probably not a borrowing from Slavic because it has ė instead of the expected ie (cf. biẽdnas `poor'). Indeed, there seems to be no obvious reason why bėdà and Latv. bę̀da `sorrow, grief, distress' should not be old. These words could be connected with bãdas `hunger' and Skt. bā́dhate `oppress' (Būga l.c., Derksen 1996: 258). However, a dilemma arises if we consider that Slavic běditi `force, persuade' cannot be separated from Go. baidjan `force'. We must either declare the Baltic forms borrowings or assume that in Slavic *běd- < *bhoidh- and *běd- < *bʰēdʰ- were contaminated (cf. Anikin 1998: 39). In the latter case OCS běda `distress' and `necessity' would continue different roots. This is a possibility which cannot be excluded. The hypothesis that Lith. baidýti `to scare' < *bʰiH- `to fear' is cognate with *bē̌dà and *běditi (cf. Trubačëv II: 55-56) must be rejected, if only on formal grounds.
    Other cognates:
    Alb. be `oath' [f] \{2\}
    Notes:
    \{1\} The vocalism of Modern Polish bieda `id.' is of Mazowian origin, cf. biada `woe!'. \{2\} According to Būga (RR I: 345-346), Lith. bėdà 4 `misfortune, trouble, guilt' is probably not a borrowing from Slavic because it has ė instead of the expected ie (cf. biẽdnas `poor'). Indeed, there seems to be no obvious reason why bėdà and Latv. bę̀da `sorrow, grief, distress' should not be old. These words could be connected with bãdas `hunger' and Skt. bā́dhate `oppress' (Būga l.c., Derksen 1996: 258). However, a dilemma arises if we consider that Slavic běditi `force, persuade' cannot be separated from Go. baidjan `force'. We must either declare the Baltic forms borrowings or assume that in Slavic *běd- < *bhoidh- and *běd- < *bʰēdʰ- were contaminated (cf. Anikin 1998: 39). In the latter case OCS běda `distress' and `necessity' would continue different roots. This is a possibility which cannot be excluded. The hypothesis that Lith. baidýti `to scare' < *bʰiH- `to fear' is cognate with *bē̌dà and *běditi (cf. Trubačëv II: 55-56) must be rejected, if only on formal grounds. \{3\} Demiraj prefers *bʰeidʰ-i-s to an ā-stem (1997: 94).

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > bě̄dà

  • 2 že

    že Grammatical information: ptcl.
    Old Church Slavic:
    že emphatic particle [ptcl]
    Russian:
    že `but, and, after all' [conj];
    že emphatic particle [ptcl]
    Czech:
    že `that, since, because' [conj];
    že emphatic particle [ptcl]
    Polish:
    że `that, since, because' [conj];
    że emphatic particle [ptcl]
    Indo-European reconstruction: gʰe
    Other cognates:
    Skt. gha, ghā (RV+) `certainly, at least' [ptcl]

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > že

  • 3 čekati

    čekati Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `wait, await, expect'
    Page in Trubačev: IV 36-37
    Church Slavic:
    čekati (Venc.) `wait, await' [verb]
    Russian:
    čekát' (S., W. dial.) `wait, await' [verb]
    Ukrainian:
    čekáty `wait, await' [verb]
    Czech:
    čekati `wait, await' [verb]
    Old Czech:
    čekati `wait, await' [verb];
    čkáti `wait, await' [verb]
    Polish:
    czekać `wait, await' [verb]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    čȅkati `wait, await, expect' [verb], čȅkām [1sg];
    Čak. čȅkati (Vrgada) `wait, await, expect' [verb], čȅkå̄š [2sg];
    Čak. čȅkat (Orbanići) `wait' [verb], čȅkan [1sg]
    Macedonian:
    čéka `wait, await' [verb]
    Comments: Stang (1961: 68-69) has suggested that čekati is cognate with OPr. kackint `attain', Lith. kàkti `be sufficient' (cf. Toporov PJ 1980: 162-163 for the semantic development). In Slavic, we may originally have had * čekti alongside the intensive *čěkati. According to an older etymology (cf. Vasmer s.v. čekát'), * čeka- is a reduplicated variant of the root * keh₂- that we find in Lat. cārus `dear', MHG huore `whore' (note, however, that according to Schrijver (1996: 98, 112), the -r- belongs to the root here). It seems to me that Stang's scenario is preferable because it offers a solutio for the variation *ček-/čak-.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > čekati

  • 4 bo

    bo Grammatical information: conj.
    Page in Trubačev: II 141-142
    Old Church Slavic:
    bo `for' [conj]
    Russian:
    bo (dial.) `if, for, because' [conj]
    Czech:
    bo (arch.) `for' [conj]
    Polish:
    bo `for, because' [conj]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    bo (dial.) `for' [conj]
    Lithuanian:
    bà `for' [conj];
    bè `for' [conj]
    Indo-European reconstruction: bʰo
    Page in Pokorny: 113
    Other cognates:
    Go. ba `that not, if not'

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > bo

  • 5 da

    da Grammatical information: conj.
    Page in Trubačev: IV 180
    Old Church Slavic:
    da `(in order) that/to' [conj]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    dȁ `(in order) that/to, if' [conj]
    Slovene:
    dà `(in order) to, because, though' [conj]
    Bulgarian:
    da `(in order) to, that' [conj]
    Indo-European reconstruction: do-h₁ (dō?)
    Page in Pokorny: 181
    Other cognates:
    OE tō `to' [prep], OIr. do `to' [prep]

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > da

  • 6 dъždžь

    dъždžь Grammatical information: m. jo Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `rainstorm, rain'
    Page in Trubačev: V 195-197
    Old Church Slavic:
    dъždь `rain, rainstorm' [m jo]
    Russian:
    dožd' `rain' [m jo], doždjá `rain' [Gens]
    Czech:
    déšt' `rain' [m jo];
    dešt' `rain' [m jo]
    Old Czech:
    déšč `rain' [m jo], dšče [Gens]
    Slovak:
    dážd' `rain' [m jo], dažd'a [Gens]
    Polish:
    deszcz `rain' [m jo]
    Old Polish:
    deżdż `rain' [m jo], dżdżu [Gens]
    Slovincian:
    dẽi̯šč `rain' [m jo]
    Upper Sorbian:
    dešć `rain' [m jo]
    Serbo-Croatian:
    dȃžd (Vuk: SW dial.) `rain' [m o], dà̀žda [Gens];
    dȁžd (Dubr.) `rain' [m o], dàžda;
    dȁžd (Prčanj) `rain' [m o], daždȁ [Gens];
    Čak. dȁž (Vrgada) `rain' [m jo], dažȁ;
    Čak. dãš (Orbanići) `rain' [m jo], dajžȁ `rain' [Gens], dažljȁ [Gens]
    Slovene:
    dǝ̀ž `rain' [m jo], dǝžjà `rain' [Gens]
    Bulgarian:
    dăžd `rain' [m o]
    Indo-European reconstruction: dus-diu-(s)
    Page in Pokorny: 227+184
    Comments: Watkins (1991: 175-176) argues that the basic meaning `rainstorm', attested in OCS, is in agreement with Skt. durdina- < * dus-di-n- explains why the compound contains the element * dus- `bad'. In this way he challenges the view that Trubetzkoy's and Vaillant's etymology cannot be correct because to the farmer rain is beneficial.
    Other cognates:
    Skt. durdina- `rain, shower, rainy weather' [n];
    Gk. εὐδία `fair weather' [f]

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > dъždžь

  • 7 bodàti

    bodàti Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `stab, sting'
    Page in Trubačev: II 122-122
    Russian:
    bodát' `butt' [verb], bodáju [1sg]
    Czech:
    bodati `stab, pierce' [verb]
    Slovak:
    bodat' `stab' [verb]
    Slovene:
    bọ̑dati `sting, stitch' [verb], bọ̑dam [1sg]
    Bulgarian:
    bodá `stab, feel a sharp pain' [verb]
    Lithuanian:
    badýti `butt, prick' [verb], bãdo [3ps]
    Indo-European reconstruction: bʰodʰ-
    IE meaning: stab
    Page in Pokorny: 113
    Comments: The ESSJa mentions forms reflecting * bodati under * badati because the o-vocalism is assumed to be analogical. Since in general *bodàti is also semantically closer to bostì (the meaning `investigate' is limited to bādàti) and in some languages occurs alongside *bādàti, it is perhaps more accurate to say that it is a recent formation.
    Other cognates:
    Lat. fodiō `dig' [verb]

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > bodàti

  • 8 drьkolь

    drьkolь; drьkolьje Grammatical information: m. i; n. io Proto-Slavic meaning: `stick, club'
    Page in Trubačev: V 139-140
    Old Church Slavic:
    drьkolь `stick, club' [m i];
    drъkolь `stick, club' [m i]
    Russian:
    drekol' (dial.) `pole' [m jo?];
    drekól'e `staves' [n io]
    Czech:
    drkolí (Jungmann) `wooden rattle, club' [n io] \{1\}
    Serbo-Croatian:
    drkol (arch.) `truncheon, baton' [m o]
    Slovene:
    dŕkoɫ `truncheon, baton' [m o];
    dŕkǝlj `truncheon, baton' [m jo]
    Page in Pokorny: 214
    Comments: In all likelihood a compound of drъ `wood' (-> *dȇrvo) and * kol- `stab' (-> * kolti). Unlike the ESSJa, I have reconstructed * drьkolь, * drьkolьje because the evidence points to ь. I agree, however, that the form originally may have had *ъ (cf. Vaillant 1928).
    Notes:
    \{1\} MoCz. drkolna, OCz. dřkolna, strkolna.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > drьkolь

  • 9 drьkolьje

    drьkolь; drьkolьje Grammatical information: m. i; n. io Proto-Slavic meaning: `stick, club'
    Page in Trubačev: V 139-140
    Old Church Slavic:
    drьkolь `stick, club' [m i];
    drъkolь `stick, club' [m i]
    Russian:
    drekol' (dial.) `pole' [m jo?];
    drekól'e `staves' [n io]
    Czech:
    drkolí (Jungmann) `wooden rattle, club' [n io] \{1\}
    Serbo-Croatian:
    drkol (arch.) `truncheon, baton' [m o]
    Slovene:
    dŕkoɫ `truncheon, baton' [m o];
    dŕkǝlj `truncheon, baton' [m jo]
    Page in Pokorny: 214
    Comments: In all likelihood a compound of drъ `wood' (-> *dȇrvo) and * kol- `stab' (-> * kolti). Unlike the ESSJa, I have reconstructed * drьkolь, * drьkolьje because the evidence points to ь. I agree, however, that the form originally may have had *ъ (cf. Vaillant 1928).
    Notes:
    \{1\} MoCz. drkolna, OCz. dřkolna, strkolna.

    Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > drьkolьje

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