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  • 121 Portuguese Communist Party

    (PCP)
       The Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) has evolved from its early anarcho-syndicalist roots at its formation in 1921. This evolution included the undisciplined years of the 1920s, during which bolshevization began and continued into the 1930s, then through the years of clandestine existence during the Estado Novo, the Stalinization of the 1940s, the "anarcho-liberal shift" of the 1950s, the emergence of Maoist and Trotskyist splinter groups of the 1960s, to legalization after the Revolution of 25 April 1974 as the strongest and oldest political party in Portugal. Documents from the Russian archives have shown that the PCP's history is not a purely "domestic" one. While the PCP was born on its own without Soviet assistance, once it joined the Communist International (CI), it lost a significant amount of autonomy as CI officials increasingly meddled in PCP internal politics by dictating policy, manipulating leadership elections, and often financing party activities.
       Early Portuguese communism was a mix of communist ideological strands accustomed to a spirited internal debate, a lively external debate with its rivals, and a loose organizational structure. The PCP, during its early years, was weak in grassroots membership and was basically a party of "notables." It was predominantly a male organization, with minuscule female participation. It was also primarily an urban party concentrated in Lisbon. The PCP membership declined from 3,000 in 1923 to only 40 in 1928.
       In 1929, the party was reorganized so that it could survive clandestinely. As its activity progressed in the 1930s, a long period of instability dominated its leadership organs as a result of repression, imprisonments, and disorganization. The CI continued to intervene in party affairs through the 1930s, until the PCP was expelled from the CI in 1938-39, apparently because of its conduct during police arrests.
       The years of 1939-41 were difficult ones for the party, not only because of increased domestic repression but also because of internal party splits provoked by the Nazi-Soviet pact and other foreign actions. From 1940 to 1941, two Communist parties struggled to attract the support of the CI and accused each other of "revisionism." The CI was disbanded in 1943, and the PCP was not accepted back into the international communist family until its recognition by the Cominform in 1947.
       The reorganization of 1940-41 finally put the PCP under the firm control of orthodox communists who viewed socialism from a Soviet perspective. Although Soviet support was denied the newly reorganized party at first, the new leaders continued its Stalinization. The enforcement of "democratic centralism" and insistence upon the "dictatorship of the proletariat" became entrenched. The 1940s brought increased growth, as the party reached its membership apex of the clandestine era with 1,200 members in 1943, approximately 4,800 in 1946, and 7,000 in 1947.
       The party fell on hard times in the 1950s. It developed a bad case of paranoia, which led to a witch hunt for infiltrators, informers, and spies in all ranks of the party. The lower membership figures who followed the united antifascist period were reduced further through expulsions of the "traitors." By 1951, the party had been reduced to only 1,000 members. It became a closed, sectarian, suspicious, and paranoiac organization, with diminished strength in almost every region, except in the Alentejo, where the party, through propaganda and ideology more than organizational strength, was able to mobilize strikes of landless peasants in the early 1950s.
       On 3 January 1960, Álvaro Cunhal and nine other political prisoners made a spectacular escape from the Peniche prison and fled the country. Soon after this escape, Cunhal was elected secretary-general and, with other top leaders, directed the PCP from exile. Trotskyite and Maoist fractions emerged within the party in the 1960s, strengthened by the ideological developments in the international communist movement, such as in China and Cuba. The PCP would not tolerate dissent or leftism and began purging the extreme left fractions.
       The PCP intensified its control of the labor movement after the more liberal syndical election regulations under Prime Minister Mar- cello Caetano allowed communists to run for leadership positions in the corporative unions. By 1973, there was general unrest in the labor movement due to deteriorating economic conditions brought on by the colonial wars, as well as by world economic pressures including the Arab oil boycott.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the PCP enjoyed a unique position: it was the only party to have survived the Estado Novo. It emerged from clandestinity as the best organized political party in Portugal with a leadership hardened by years in jail. Since then, despite the party's stubborn orthodoxy, it has consistently played an important role as a moderating force. As even the Socialist Party (PS) was swept up by the neoliberal tidal wave, albeit a more compassionate variant, increasingly the PCP has played a crucial role in ensuring that interests and perspectives of the traditional Left are aired.
       One of the most consistent planks of the PCP electoral platform has been opposition to every stage of European integration. The party has regularly resisted Portuguese membership in the European Economic Community (EEC) and, following membership beginning in 1986, the party has regularly resisted further integration through the European Union (EU). A major argument has been that EU membership would not resolve Portugal's chronic economic problems but would only increase its dependence on the world. Ever since, the PCP has argued that its opposition to membership was correct and that further involvement with the EU would only result in further economic dependence and a consequent loss of Portuguese national sovereignty. Further, the party maintained that as Portugal's ties with the EU increased, the vulnerable agrarian sector in Portugal would risk further losses.
       Changes in PCP leadership may or may not alter the party's electoral position and role in the political system. As younger generations forget the uniqueness of the party's resistance to the Estado Novo, public images of PCP leadership will change. As the image of Álvaro Cunhal and other historical communist leaders slowly recedes, and the stature of Carlos Carvalhas (general secretary since 1992) and other moderate leaders is enhanced, the party's survival and legitimacy have strengthened. On 6 March 2001, the PCP celebrated its 80th anniversary.
        See also Left Bloc.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Portuguese Communist Party

  • 122 scrounge

    1.
    (coll.)transitive verb schnorren (ugs.) (off, from von)
    2. intransitive verb
    schnorren (ugs.) ( from bei)
    * * *
    (to get by begging from someone else: May I scrounge some coffee?) schnorren
    - academic.ru/65005/scrounger">scrounger
    * * *
    [skraʊnʤ]
    ( fam)
    to be on the \scrounge am Schnorren sein pej fam, schnorren, erbetteln SCHWEIZ
    to be on the \scrounge for money/cigarettes Geld/Zigaretten schnorren fam
    II. vt ( pej)
    ▪ to \scrounge sth [off [or from] sb] etw [von jdm] schnorren pej fam
    III. vi ( pej)
    ▪ to \scrounge [off [or from] sb] [bei jdm] schnorren pej fam
    * * *
    [skraUndZ] (inf)
    1. vi
    1) (= sponge) schnorren (inf) (off, from bei)

    he scrounged off his parents for years — er lag seinen Eltern jahrelang auf der Tasche (inf)

    2)

    (= hunt) to scrounge around for sth — nach etw herumsuchen

    2. vt
    schnorren (inf), abstauben (inf) (from, off bei)
    3. n

    to be on the scrounge — am Schnorren or Abstauben sein (inf)

    * * *
    scrounge [skraʊndʒ] umg
    A v/t
    1. organisieren umg:
    a) klauen
    b) beschaffen
    2. schnorren umg ( off von, bei)
    B v/i
    1. klauen
    2. nassauern, schnorren (beide umg)
    3. meist scrounge around herumsuchen, sich umschauen ( beide:
    for nach)
    * * *
    1.
    (coll.)transitive verb schnorren (ugs.) (off, from von)
    2. intransitive verb
    schnorren (ugs.) ( from bei)
    * * *
    v.
    schnorren v.

    English-german dictionary > scrounge

  • 123 go native

    •• * Выражение to go native стало частотным сравнительно недавно. Особенность его в том, что оно может встретиться в самом неожиданном контексте. Вот, например, цитата из передовой статьи Wall Street Journal:

    •• Mr. Bush is proposing spending increases in only two big discretionary accounts: defense (7%) and homeland security (10%). Most other domestic areas would rise by less than 1%, which may sound onerous but really isn’t considering the outlay boom that has prevailed since the GOP Congress began to go native in the late-1990s.
    •• На первый взгляд не совсем понятно. Эта фраза встречалась мне раньше в основном в контекстах, касающихся людей, живущих в чужой стране и постепенно вживающихся (иногда слишком) в ее культуру. Так, для дипломата слова he has gone native звучат обвинением. Заголовок статьи на эту тему:
    •• When diplomats go native: Roh ready to fire “ United States worshiping” diplomats. (Речь идет о Корее)
    •• Автор поясняет выражение так:
    •• In my last post, I talked about how Tom Cruise’s character in The Last Samurai “ went native;” that is he rejected his own culture and adopted that of the locals.
    •• Другая трактовка этого выражения в статье из журнала Atlantic:
    •• A U.S. official overseas, photographed and registered with the local intelligence and security services, can’t travel much, particularly in a police-rich country like Pakistan, without the “ host” services’ knowing about it. An officer who tries to go native, pretending to be a true-believing radical Muslim searching for brothers in the cause, will make a fool of himself quickly.
    •• То есть работать под местного.
    •• Статья на сайте www.cfo.com, названная Going Native, фактически посвящена адаптации к условиям глобализации, что ясно уже из ее подзаголовка:
    •• Globalization brings exposure to all kinds of business cultures. One former CFO says finance managers need to blend the best of them.
    •• Характерная цитата:
    •• In a paper released in January this year, Jim O’Neill, head of global economic research at Goldman Sachs, explains that “globalization requires not only incorporating local best practices, but also taking local best practices back to home countries and continuously adapting them to current conditions.”
    •• Новое издание Oxford English Dictionary дает следующее определение: go native (humorous or derogatory, of a person living away from their own country or region) abandon one’s own culture, customs, or way of life and adopt those of the country or region one is living in.
    •• Таким образом, to go native может означать освоиться в/приспособиться к непривычной среде, слиться с местной культурой, грубо говоря, с «туземцами», «аборигенами» ( natives), приспособиться к новым обстоятельствам, вжиться в новую ( для себя) среду.
    •• Но как же быть с первыми двумя примерами? Wall Street Journal критикует нынешний, преимущественно республиканский состав Конгресса США за несоблюдение консервативных принципов бюджетной дисциплины. Стало быть, по мнению газеты, под воздействием традиционного для Конгресса расточительства республиканцы «переродились». Этот же перевод вполне подходит и во втором примере: дипломаты (и герой Тома Круза) перерождаются, фигурально говоря, «переходят на чужую сторону». Впрочем, последний вариант я не предлагаю в качестве перевода – это все-таки очень сильное обвинение.
    •• Интересный пример из заметки о Стинге и его жене – активных борцах за сохранение тропических лесов, последователях йоги и т. д.:
    •• Wholesome singer Sting and wife Trudie Styler have found a new way to go native – riding camels for five days in India.
    •• Здесь to go native – что-то вроде убежать от цивилизации.
    •• И последнее замечание. Возможно, что оксфордская помета humorous or derogatory не всегда верна. См. такой пример – подзаголовок статьи из журнала Time:
    •• U.S. special forces in Afghanistan are going native in their hunt for al-Qaeda’s No. 1.
    •• В тексте находим пояснение того, что имеется здесь в виду:
    •• Increasingly, the job of persuading locals to provide intelligence on the whereabouts of al-Qaeda and Taliban leaders is being carried out in remote outposts <...>, where small groups of U.S. special forces live side by side with local tribesmen.
    •• В переводе можно попробовать, например:
    •• Американские спецвойска « идут в народ» в погоне за лидером/первым лицом « Аль-Каиды».
    •• Судя по тексту статьи, ничего уничижительного автор не имел в виду, просто «подвернулось словцо».

    English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > go native

  • 124 scour

    I ['skauə] 1. гл.
    1)
    а) = scour off / away / out / down чистить, отчищать; оттирать, отдраивать; отскабливать

    This stone is largely used for scouring paint. — Этот камень широко используется для отскабливания краски.

    Syn:
    clean 2., brush I 2.
    б) освобождать, очищать; избавляться

    Our army scoured the invaders from the land. — Наша армия освободила землю от захватчиков.

    в) устраивать чистку, устранять неугодных
    2) мыть; промывать, вымывать

    Milk bottles should be scoured out before being returned to the milkman. — Прежде чем вернуть молочные бутылки молочнику, их следует хорошенько вымыть.

    Syn:
    wash 3.
    3) уст. бить; наказывать
    2. сущ.
    1) мытьё, чистка; промывание сильной струёй воды

    Give the floor a good scour. — Вымой как следует пол.

    Syn:
    washing 1., wash 1.
    2)
    а) размыв, промоина
    Syn:
    б) геол. эрозийное действие воды
    3) моющее или чистящее средство
    4) ( scours) вет.; употр. с гл. в ед. и мн. понос ( у скота), дизентерия
    II ['skauə] гл.
    1) тщательно искать (что-л.), прочёсывать (местность и т. п.)

    The police are scouring the woods for the missing child. — Полиция прочёсывает лес в поисках пропавшего ребёнка.

    Patrols scoured the streets, all that night. — Патрули всю ту ночь прочёсывали улицы.

    He spent half an hour scouring the newspaper for any mention of the fire. — Он целых полчаса просматривал газету, чтобы найти хоть одно упоминание о пожаре.

    Syn:
    hunt 1., comb I 2.
    2) = scour about рыскать, бегать (в поисках чего-л.)
    3) уст. бежать, нестись, мчаться

    Through the red sky terrific meteors scour. — По красному небу мчатся огромные метеоры.

    Англо-русский современный словарь > scour

  • 125 beat

    1. transitive verb,
    beat, beaten
    1) (strike repeatedly) schlagen [Trommel, Rhythmus, Eier, Teig]; klopfen [Teppich]; hämmern [Gold, Silber usw.]

    beat one's breast — (lit. or fig.) sich (Dat.) an die Brust schlagen

    2) (hit) schlagen; [ver]prügeln
    3) (defeat) schlagen [Mannschaft, Gegner]; (surmount) in den Griff bekommen [Inflation, Arbeitslosigkeit, Krise]

    beat the deadline — den Termin noch einhalten

    4) (surpass) brechen [Rekord]; übertreffen [Leistung]

    you can't beat or nothing beats French cuisine — es geht [doch] nichts über die französische Küche

    beat that! — das soll mal einer nachmachen!

    beat everything — (coll.) alles in den Schatten stellen

    5) (circumvent) umgehen
    6) (perplex)

    it beats me how/why... — es ist mir ein Rätsel wie/warum...

    7)
    8) p.p. beat

    I'm beat — (coll.): (exhausted) ich bin erledigt (ugs.). See also academic.ru/6046/beaten">beaten 2.

    2. intransitive verb,
    beat, beaten
    1) (throb) [Herz:] schlagen, klopfen; [Puls:] schlagen

    my heart seemed to stop beating — ich dachte, mir bleibt das Herz stehen

    2) [Sonne:] brennen (on auf + Akk.); [Wind, Wellen:] schlagen (on auf + Akk., against gegen); [Regen, Hagel:] prasseln, trommeln ( against gegen)
    3)

    beat about the bush — um den [heißen] Brei herumreden (ugs.)

    4) (knock) klopfen (at an + Dat.)
    5) (Naut.) kreuzen
    3. noun
    1) (stroke, throbbing) Schlag, der; (rhythm) Takt, der
    2) (Mus.) Schlag, der; (of metronome, baton) Taktschlag, der
    3) (of policeman, watchman) Runde, die; (area) Revier, das

    be off somebody's [usual] beat — (fig.) nicht in jemandes Fach schlagen

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    past tense; see beat
    * * *
    [bi:t]
    I. n
    1. (throb) Schlag m
    2. no pl (act) Schlagen nt kein pl, Pochen nt kein pl; of the heart also Klopfen nt
    her heart skipped a \beat ihr stockte das Herz
    3. no pl MUS Takt m
    to have a strong \beat einen ausgeprägten Rhythmus haben
    to the \beat of the music im Takt der Musik
    4. usu sing (patrol) Revier nt
    to be on [or to walk] the \beat seine Runde machen
    5.
    ▶ to be off sb's \beat nicht jds Fach sein
    II. adj inv, pred ( fam)
    1. (exhausted) erschlagen fam, fix und fertig fam; (tired) todmüde fam
    to be dead \beat esp BRIT (exhausted) total geschafft sein fam; (tired) todmüde sein fam
    2. (defeated) geschlagen, besiegt
    to have sb \beat CHESS jdn schachmatt gesetzt haben
    III. vt
    <beat, beaten or ( fam) beat>
    ▪ to \beat sth gegen etw akk schlagen; (on top of sth) auf etw akk schlagen
    to \beat a carpet einen Teppich [aus]klopfen
    he \beat the door/table with his fist er schlug mit der Faust gegen die Tür/auf den Tisch
    ▪ to \beat sth against sth mit etw dat gegen etw akk schlagen
    to \beat one's fists against the door/ground/table mit den Fäusten gegen die Tür/auf den Boden/auf den Tisch schlagen
    to \beat sb's head against the wall/floor jds Kopf gegen die Wand/den Boden schlagen
    3. (hurt)
    ▪ to \beat sb [with sth] jdn [mit etw dat] schlagen
    to \beat one's child/wife sein Kind/seine Frau [ver]prügeln [o schlagen]
    to \beat sb to death jdn totschlagen [o zu Tode prügeln]
    to \beat sb black and blue jdn grün und blau schlagen fam
    to brutally [or savagely] \beat sb jdn brutal zusammenschlagen
    4. (drum)
    ▪ to \beat sth auf etw akk trommeln
    to \beat a drum trommeln
    to \beat time den Takt schlagen
    5. (mix)
    to \beat cream/eggs Sahne [o SCHWEIZ Rahm] /Eier schlagen [o SCHWEIZ rühren]
    \beat [the] butter [until light and fluffy] [die] Butter schaumig schlagen
    \beat eggs and sugar [together] die Eier mit dem Zucker [o Eier und Zucker] schaumig schlagen
    6. (force)
    to \beat a confession out of sb ein Geständnis aus jdm herausprügeln
    to \beat one's path through sth sich dat einen Weg durch etw akk bahnen
    ▪ to \beat sb/sth jdn/etw schlagen [o besiegen]; (score better) jdn/etw übertreffen
    they were \beaten [by] three goals to one sie wurden mit 3 zu 0 geschlagen
    to \beat a record einen Rekord brechen
    to be hard to \beat schwer zu schlagen sein
    ▪ to \beat sb to sth jdm bei etw dat zuvorkommen
    to \beat sb to the draw schneller ziehen als jd; ( fig) schlagfertiger als jd sein
    8. ( fam)
    ▪ to \beat sb/sth (surpass, outdo) jdn/etw schlagen [o übertreffen]; (be better than) besser als jd/etw sein
    you can't \beat our local Italian restaurant for a good pizza eine bessere Pizza als bei unserem Italiener findest du nirgends
    you can't \beat a cool beer on a hot day es geht [doch] nichts über ein kühles Bier an einem heißen Tag
    you simply can't \beat their prices ihre Preise sind schlichtweg nicht zu unterbieten
    9. (avoid)
    ▪ to \beat sth etw umgehen
    10. ( fam: baffle)
    ▪ to \beat sb jdm [o für jdn] zu hoch fam
    it \beats me das ist mir zu hoch fam
    it \beats me [or what \beats me is] how/why... es ist mir ein Rätsel, wie/warum...
    11.
    ▶ to \beat one's breast [or chest] sich dat an die Brust schlagen fig
    ▶ if you can't \beat 'em, join 'em ( saying) verbünde dich mit ihnen, wenn du sie nicht besiegen kannst
    ▶ to \beat the [living] daylights [or (fam!) the shit] out of sb ( fam) jdn windelweich schlagen fam
    ▶ that \beats everything [or AM also all] ( fam) das schlägt dem Fass den Boden aus
    ▶ to \beat sb at their own game jdn mit seinen eigenen Waffen schlagen fig
    ▶ to \beat the hell out of sb ( fam) jdn fürchterlich verdreschen fam
    ▶ to \beat sb hollow BRIT ( fam) jdn vernichtend schlagen
    ▶ to \beat it ( fam) die Beine unter die Arme nehmen fam
    \beat it! hau ab! fam
    ▶ to \beat the pants off sb ( fam) jdn vernichtend schlagen
    ▶ to \beat a path to sb's door jdm die Bude einrennen fam
    ▶ to \beat sb to the punch ( fam) jdm zuvorkommen
    ▶ to \beat the rap AM ( fam) sich akk herauswinden
    ▶ to \beat a [hasty] retreat [schnell] einen Rückzieher machen
    IV. vi
    <beat, beaten or ( fam) beat>
    1. (throb,) schlagen; heart also klopfen, pochen; drum dröhnen
    the doctor could feel no pulse \beating der Arzt konnte keinen Puls[schlag] feststellen
    ▪ to \beat against/on sth gegen etw akk schlagen; (continously) gegen etw akk hämmern
    3. ( fig) sun
    ▪ to \beat on sth auf etw [nieder]brennen; rain, hail
    to \beat against the window/on the roof gegen das Fenster peitschen /auf das Dach prasseln; waves
    to \beat against the rocks/ship gegen die Felsen/das Schiff schlagen [o peitschen
    4. AM (hurt)
    ▪ to \beat on sb auf jdn einschlagen
    5.
    ▶ to \beat about [or AM around] the bush um den heißen Brei herumreden fam
    * * *
    [biːt]
    1. vb pret beat, ptp beaten
    2. n
    1) (of heart, pulse, drum = single beat) Schlag m; (= repeated beating) Schlagen nt

    he answered without missing a beat — er antwortete ohne sich aus der Ruhe or Fassung bringen zu lassen

    2) (of policeman, sentry) Runde f, Rundgang m; (= district) Revier nt
    3) (MUS, POET) Takt m; (of metronome, baton) Taktschlag m

    on/off the beat — auf dem betonten/unbetonten Taktteil

    4) (= beat music) Beat(musik f) m
    5) (HUNT) Treibjagd f
    3. vt
    1) (= hit) schlagen; person, animal also (ver)prügeln, hauen (inf); carpet klopfen; (= search) countryside, woods absuchen, abkämmen

    to beat a/one's way through sth — einen/sich (dat) einen Weg durch etw bahnen

    to beat a/the drum — trommeln, die Trommel schlagen

    to beat the air —

    to beat one's breast (lit, fig) (ape) — sich (dat) an die Brust schlagen sich (dat) gegen die Brust trommeln

    beat it! (fig inf) — hau ab! (inf), verschwinde!

    2) (= hammer) metal hämmern; (= shape also) treiben
    3) (= defeat) schlagen; record brechen; inflation in den Griff bekommen; disease erfolgreich bekämpfen

    to beat sb at chess/tennis — jdn im Schach/Tennis schlagen

    his shot/forehand beat me — ich war dem Schuss/Vorhandschlag nicht gewachsen

    you can't beat central heating/real wool —

    if you can't beat them, join them (inf) — wenn dus nicht besser machen kannst, dann mach es genauso

    that beats everything — das ist doch wirklich der Gipfel or die Höhe (inf), das schlägt dem Fass den Boden aus (inf)

    it beats me (how/why...) (inf) — es ist mir ein Rätsel(, wie/warum...) (inf)

    well, can you beat it! (inf) — ist das denn zu fassen? (inf)

    4) (= be before) budget, crowds zuvorkommen (+dat)
    5) (= move up and down regularly) schlagen
    6) (MUS)
    7) (COOK) cream, eggs schlagen
    4. vi
    1) (heart, pulse, drum) schlagen

    to beat on the door (with one's fists) —

    See:
    → bush
    2) (wind, waves) schlagen; (rain also) trommeln; (sun) brennen
    3) (cream) sich schlagen lassen
    5. adj
    1) (inf

    = exhausted) to be (dead) beat — total kaputt or geschafft or erledigt sein (inf)

    2) (inf

    = defeated) to be beat(en) — aufgeben müssen (inf),

    I'm beat — ich gebe mich geschlagen

    * * *
    beat1 [biːt]
    A s
    1. (besonders regelmäßig wiederholter) Schlag, z. B. Herz-, Puls-, Trommelschlag m, Pochen n, Klopfen n (des Herzens etc), Ticken n (der Uhr), (An)Schlagen n (der Wellen)
    2. SPORT (Ruder)Schlag m, Schlagzahl f (pro Minute)
    3. Fechten: Battuta f, Klingenschlagstoß m
    4. MUS
    a) Takt(schlag) m:
    in beat im Takt;
    out of beat, off (the) beat aus dem Takt
    b) Schlag(zeit) m(f), Taktteil m
    c) Jazz: Beat m (rhythmischer Schwerpunkt)
    d) Beat(musik) m(f)
    5. LIT Hebung f, Ton m
    6. ELEK, PHYS, RADIO Schwebung f
    7. US umg
    a) I never heard the beat of that das schlägt oder übersteigt alles, was ich je gehört habe
    b)c) (sensationelle) Allein- oder Erstmeldung (einer Zeitung)
    8. → beatnik
    9. Runde f, Revier n (eines Schutzmanns etc):
    be on one’s beat seine oder die Runde machen;
    be off ( oder out of) one’s beat fig nicht in seinem Element sein;
    that is out of my beat das schlägt nicht in mein Fach
    10. JAGD Treiben n
    B adj
    1. umg wie erschlagen, fix und fertig
    2. MUS Beat…:
    3. Beatnik…:
    the Beat Generation die Beatgeneration (Gruppe junger Menschen in den USA, die nach dem 2. Weltkrieg die Gesellschaft mit allen bürgerlichen Bindungen ablehnte und durch gesteigerte Lebensintensität zur Erkenntnis einer metaphysischen Wirklichkeit zu gelangen suchte)
    4. PHYS, RADIO Schwebungs…:
    C v/t prät beat, pperf beaten, obs oder dial beat
    1. schlagen, (ver)prügeln, verhauen:
    beat to death erschlagen;
    beat a confession out of sb ein Geständnis aus jemandem herausprügeln;
    beat sth into sb(’s head) jemandem etwas einbläuen; → air1 A 1, breast A 1, chest A 2
    2. (regelmäßig oder häufig) schlagen, z. B.
    a) einen Teppich etc klopfen, Kleider etc (aus)klopfen
    b) Metall hämmern oder schmieden
    c) Steine klopfen
    d) Eier etc (zu Schaum oder Schnee) schlagen
    3. den Takt, die Trommel schlagen:
    beat the charge MIL das Signal zum Angriff geben;
    beat the drum for sb (sth) fig für jemanden (etwas) die Trommel rühren; → retreat A 1
    4. peitschen, schlagen gegen (Wind, Wellen, Regen etc):
    beaten by storms sturmgepeitscht
    5. schlagen mit den Flügeln etc:
    beat one’s hands (in die Hände) klatschen
    6. einen Weg stampfen, treten, (sich) bahnen:
    beat one’s way US umg per Anhalter reisen, trampen;
    beat it! umg hau ab!
    7. JAGD und weitS. ein Revier durchstöbern, -streifen, einen Rundgang machen um
    8. a) einen Gegner schlagen, besiegen:
    beat sb at swimming jemanden im Schwimmen schlagen;
    beat sb into second place jemanden auf den zweiten Platz verweisen;
    he had only the goalkeeper to beat SPORT er hatte nur noch den Torhüter vor sich;
    I’ll not be beaten fig ich lasse mich nicht unterkriegen;
    beat the band umg alles übertreffen; (als Redewendung) mit (aller) Macht, wie toll;
    she was screaming to beat the band umg sie schrie aus Leibeskräften;
    he was sleeping to beat the band umg er schlief wie ein Murmeltier;
    if you can’t beat ’em, join ’em umg wenn man nicht gegen den Strom schwimmen kann, dann schwimmt man halt mit; → hollow B 1
    b) jemandem, einer Sache zuvorkommen:
    beat sb to it ( oder to the punch) umg jemandem zuvorkommen;
    beat the deadline umg noch rechtzeitig fertig werden, die Frist einhalten; → gun1 A 3
    9. fig schlagen, übertreffen, -bieten:
    beat a record einen Rekord brechen;
    the time to beat die Zeit, die es zu schlagen gilt;
    you can’t beat a good cup of tea es geht nichts über eine gute Tasse Tee;
    that beats all ( oder everything)! das ist doch der Gipfel oder die Höhe!;
    that beats everything I’ve ever heard das ist das Tollste, was ich je gehört habe;
    can you beat it ( oder that)! umg das darf doch nicht wahr sein!
    10. fig verblüffen:
    that beats me das ist mir zu hoch, da komme ich nicht mehr mit;
    it beats me how … ich verstehe einfach nicht, wie …
    11. umg fertigmachen (erschöpfen):
    12. TYPO abklopfen:
    beat a proof einen Bürstenabzug machen
    D v/i
    1. (heftig) schlagen, pochen, klopfen (Herz), ticken (Uhr):
    beat at ( oder on) the door gegen die Tür hämmern oder schlagen
    2. schlagen, peitschen ( against gegen):
    3. schlagen, (er)tönen (Trommel etc)
    4. SCHIFF lavieren, kreuzen:
    beat against the wind, beat to windward (luvwärts) kreuzen, abfallen
    5. JAGD eine Treibjagd veranstalten: → bush1 A 1
    beat2 [biːt] s Br Flachs- oder Hanfbündel n
    * * *
    1. transitive verb,
    beat, beaten
    1) (strike repeatedly) schlagen [Trommel, Rhythmus, Eier, Teig]; klopfen [Teppich]; hämmern [Gold, Silber usw.]

    beat one's breast — (lit. or fig.) sich (Dat.) an die Brust schlagen

    2) (hit) schlagen; [ver]prügeln
    3) (defeat) schlagen [Mannschaft, Gegner]; (surmount) in den Griff bekommen [Inflation, Arbeitslosigkeit, Krise]
    4) (surpass) brechen [Rekord]; übertreffen [Leistung]

    you can't beat or nothing beats French cuisine — es geht [doch] nichts über die französische Küche

    beat everything — (coll.) alles in den Schatten stellen

    5) (circumvent) umgehen

    it beats me how/why... — es ist mir ein Rätsel wie/warum...

    7)
    8) p.p. beat

    I'm beat — (coll.): (exhausted) ich bin erledigt (ugs.). See also beaten 2.

    2. intransitive verb,
    beat, beaten
    1) (throb) [Herz:] schlagen, klopfen; [Puls:] schlagen

    my heart seemed to stop beating — ich dachte, mir bleibt das Herz stehen

    2) [Sonne:] brennen (on auf + Akk.); [Wind, Wellen:] schlagen (on auf + Akk., against gegen); [Regen, Hagel:] prasseln, trommeln ( against gegen)
    3)

    beat about the bush — um den [heißen] Brei herumreden (ugs.)

    4) (knock) klopfen (at an + Dat.)
    5) (Naut.) kreuzen
    3. noun
    1) (stroke, throbbing) Schlag, der; (rhythm) Takt, der
    2) (Mus.) Schlag, der; (of metronome, baton) Taktschlag, der
    3) (of policeman, watchman) Runde, die; (area) Revier, das

    be off somebody's [usual] beat — (fig.) nicht in jemandes Fach schlagen

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    n.
    Runde -n f.
    Schlag -¨e m.
    Takt -e m. v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: beat, beaten)
    = ausklopfen v.
    besiegen v.
    klopfen v.
    schlagen v.
    (§ p.,pp.: schlug, geschlagen)

    English-german dictionary > beat

  • 126 job

    [ʤɔb] I 1. сущ.
    1)
    а) работа, труд; сдельная работа
    - job seeker
    б) разг. служба; место работы (фирма, организация); должность

    easy / soft job — лёгкая работа

    part-time job — неполная занятость, неполный рабочий день

    to get / land / take a job — получить работу, место

    to give up / quit a job — оставлять работу

    to hold (down) a job — удержать, не потерять место

    to hunt / look for a job — искать работу

    She was working at two jobs. — Она работала на двух работах.

    - out of job
    - cushy job
    - demanding job
    - pink-collar job
    - steady job
    Syn:
    в) задание, работа ( как единица производительности), заказ; задание

    difficult / hard job — трудное задание

    a job of work — участок, часть работы

    It was quite a job to find him. — Найти его было достаточно тяжело.

    He never lacked a job for Giles to do. — Для Джайлса у него всегда находилась работа.

    Syn:
    2) разг. кража

    to do / pull a job — совершить кражу

    4) полигр. акциденция (мелкая работа по печати афиш, анкет)
    5) разг.
    а) договорённость с жокеем, что тот придержит лошадь на скачках
    б) лошадь, относительно которой заключена такая договоренность
    ••

    job lot — партия разрозненных товаров, продающихся оптом

    to do a hatchet job on smb. — критиковать кого-л.

    to do smb.'s job, to do the job for smb. разг. — погубить кого-л.

    to put up a job on smb. амер. — сыграть с кем-л. шутку

    He really did a job on his opponent. — Он нанес серьёзное поражение своему сопернику.

    - job of work
    - bad job
    - good job
    - just the job     2. прил.
    1) сдельный, наёмный ( о недолгосрочной работе)
    2) относящийся к работающим, к занятости

    job classification — амер. основная ставка ( зарплаты работника)

    3. гл.
    1)
    а) работать нерегулярно, случайно, работать сдельно; заниматься штучной работой
    в) брать что-л. в аренду, прокат
    2)
    а) зарабатывать деньги, работать на свою прибыль; быть перекупщиком, посредником, спекулянтом; работать на бирже
    б) действовать недобросовестно, обманывать
    Syn:
    ••
    II 1. сущ.
    внезапный удар, толчок, тычок
    Syn:
    2. гл.
    1)
    а) колоть, вонзать, пырнуть; наносить удар кулаком
    Syn:
    б) "влететь" во что-л.
    Syn:
    2) повредить лошади прикус, сильно дёрнув её за удила

    Англо-русский современный словарь > job

  • 127 chase

    A n
    1 ( pursuit) poursuite f (after de) ; car/police chase poursuite f en voiture/par la police ; to give chase to sb se lancer à la poursuite de qn ;
    2 fig ( race) course f (for à) ; the chase for the prize/jobs la course au prix/aux emplois ;
    4 Hunt chasse f ;
    5 GB ( deer park) chasse f.
    B vtr
    1 ( also chase after) ( pursue) pourchasser [person, animal] ; courir après [contract, job, success] ; to chase sb/sth up ou down the street courir après qn/qch dans la rue ;
    2 ( also chase after) ( make advances) courir après [man, girl] ;
    3 ○ ( also chase after) ( try to win) viser [target, title] ;
    4 ( remove) to chase sb/sth from chasser qn/qch de [room, field etc] ;
    5 ( engrave) ciseler [metal] ; chaseed silver dish plat en argent ciselé.
    C vi = chase about, chase around.
    to chase one's (own) tail tourner en rond.
    ■ chase about, chase around:
    ▶ chase about courir en tous sens ;
    ▶ chase around ○ [sth] parcourir [qch] dans tous les sens [building, town] ; we chased all around the library looking for the book on a parcouru la bibliothèque dans tous les sens pour trouver le livre ;
    ▶ chase [sb] around poursuivre qn.
    ▶ chase [sb/sth] away, chase away [sb/sth] chasser [intruder, predator] ; fig chasser [anxiety, fear].
    ■ chase down US = chase up.
    ■ chase off:
    ▶ chase [sb/sth] off, chase off [sb/sth] chasser [animal, person].
    ■ chase up GB:
    ▶ chase [sth] up, chase up [sth] retrouver [details, statistics] ;
    ▶ chase [sb] up, chase up [sb] activer [person].

    Big English-French dictionary > chase

  • 128 scratch

    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [English Plural] scratches
    [Swahili Word] athari
    [Swahili Plural] athari
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 9/10
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [English Plural] scratches
    [Swahili Word] chale
    [Swahili Plural] chale
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 9/10
    [Related Words] uchale
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [English Plural] scratches
    [Swahili Word] chanjo
    [Swahili Plural] machanjo
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 5/6
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [English Plural] scratches
    [Swahili Word] choro
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [English Plural] scratches
    [Swahili Word] mchakuro
    [Swahili Plural] michakuro
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 3/4
    [Derived Word] -chakura V
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [English Plural] scratches
    [Swahili Word] mchoro
    [Swahili Plural] michoro
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 3/4
    [Derived Word] -chora V
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [English Plural] scratches
    [Swahili Word] mkwaruzo
    [Swahili Plural] mikwaruzo
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 3/4
    [Derived Word] kwaruza V
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [English Plural] scratches
    [Swahili Word] mpapuro
    [Swahili Plural] mipapuro
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 3/4
    [Derived Word] papura
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [English Plural] scratches
    [Swahili Word] mparuzo
    [Swahili Plural] miparuzo
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 3/4
    [Derived Word] parura V
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [English Plural] scratches
    [Swahili Word] mtai
    [Swahili Plural] mitai
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 3/4
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [Swahili Word] -buburusha
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [Swahili Word] -chora
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [Swahili Word] -dodosa
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [Swahili Word] -kereketa
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Swahili Example] habari hii inanikereketa sana
    [Note] this report made me very angry.
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [Swahili Word] -kuna
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Related Words] kuno, mkuno, -kunyua
    [English Example] the man who she brought here groped her or scratched her
    [Swahili Example] bwana aliyemleta hapa amempapasa au kumkunakuna [Mt],
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [Swahili Word] -kwaruza
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Derived Word] kwaruzo N, mkwaruzo N
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [Swahili Word] -papura kwa makucha
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [Swahili Word] -papua
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [Swahili Word] -papura
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [Swahili Word] -parua
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [Swahili Word] -parura
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Class] converse
    [English Example] (s)he kicked, and got scratched
    [Swahili Example] alipiga mateke, akaparura [Ng]
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [Swahili Word] -puchua
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [Swahili Word] -pujua
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [English Example] The child scratched its mother on noticing that it was not going to be given milk
    [Swahili Example] Mtoto alimpujua mama yake kuona hatapewa maziwa
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [Swahili Word] -takua
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Dialect] dialectical
    [English Example] When chickens hunt for food they ordinarily scratch the in the sand
    [Swahili Example] kuku wanapotafuta chakula hutakua mchanga
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch
    [Swahili Word] -piga ukucha
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Related Words] -piga
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch (of animals)
    [Swahili Word] -papaua
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [English Example] scratch with claws/talons
    [Swahili Example] papura kwa makucha
    [Note] rare
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch (of hens)
    [Swahili Word] -pekua
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch (off)
    [Swahili Word] -paa
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Swahili Example] paa, magamba
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch (off)
    [Swahili Word] -para
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Swahili Example] paa, magamba
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch oneself
    [Swahili Word] -kunyua
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Derived Word] kuna V
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch oneself
    [Swahili Word] -jipuchua
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [English Example] strip off the grains of an ear of maize.
    [Swahili Example] pujua mahindi
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch oneself
    [Swahili Word] -jipujua
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [English Example] strip off the grains of an ear of maize.
    [Swahili Example] pujua mahindi
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch oneself
    [Swahili Word] -jipujua
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch oneself
    [Swahili Word] -nyea
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch oneself
    [Swahili Word] -jikuna
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Class] reflexive
    [Derived Language] Swahili
    [Derived Word] -kuna
    [English Example] there is no work for him to be involved with, maybe just to scratch himself where he itches
    [Swahili Example] hana kazi ya kumshughulisha, labda kujikuna tu anapowashwa [Abd]
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch out
    [Swahili Word] -komba
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Derived Word] komboa, kombe, kikomba N
    [Swahili Example] komba dafu
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch the ground (of fowl)
    [Swahili Word] -chakura
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] scratch the ground (with the claws)
    [Swahili Word] -kwakura
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] that which has been scratched off
    [Swahili Word] kuno
    [Swahili Plural] makuno
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 5/6
    [Derived Language] Swahili
    [Derived Word] -kuna
    ------------------------------------------------------------

    English-Swahili dictionary > scratch

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