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1 γύης
γύης, - ουGrammatical information: m.Meaning: A difficult complex of several words. It (probably) consists of: (1) γύαλον, (2) γυῖα, (3) ἐγγύη, which I treated separately (s.vv.) [DELG γύη(ς) 1, 4, 2.]; here I discuss γύη(ς) [DELG 3., 5.] It has the follwong uses a. `the curved piece of wood in a plough (Hes. Op. 427, 436), ἄροτρον αὑτόγυον `plough, whose γύης is of one piece with the ἔλυμα and ἱστοβοεύς, not fitted together πηκτὸν)' (Hes.); b. mostly pl. `lands' (trag.), also a measure in τετρά-γυος etc. (Hom.); sometimes fem., cf. γύη μέτρον πλέθρου H.; also γύος m. (pap.); c. `the system of ἀστράγαλοι' (H., Poll.); d. - γυος with e. ἀμφίγυοςCompounds: ἀμφί-γυος of lance and javelin (Il.) `with a limb at each end' =? (Trümpy, Krieger. Fachausdrücke 59; of Hephaistos, meaning uncertain; `with two lame feet' ? τετρά-γυος `of four g.' (land-measure)Etymology: One assumes a basic *γυ(η)- `curv(ing)'. For comparison we have NPers. gōšā `corner' and Av. gu- `hand'; other forms in Pok. 393-8 are hardly relevant.. - Uncleaar is the meaning ἀμφί-γυος ( ἔγχος, δόρυ; Hom.; metrical lengthening ἀμφιγυήεις of Hephaistos `on both sides (legs) crooked' (?). - Here prob. γύαλον, γυῖα; s. also γυρός (s. vv.); hardly to γυλιός. -Page in Frisk: 1,331-332Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γύης
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2 ῥίπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to throw, to hurl, to thrust, to bolt' (Pi., IA.).Other forms: also ῥιπτέω (IA. since ν 78), iterative pret. ῥίπτασκον (Hom., Hes. Sc., - εσκον Nic. Fr.), fut. ῥίψω, aor. ῥῖψαι (Il.), pass. ῥιφθῆναι, ῥῐφῆναι (Att.) with fut. ῥιφ-θήσομαι (S.), - ήσομαι (LXX), perf. midd. ἔρρῑμμαι (Orac. ap. Hdt., E., Ar.), ῥερῖφθαι (Pi.; Schwyzer 649), act. ἔρρῑφα (Lys.).Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. ἁπο-, ἀνα-, ἐν-, δια-. As 1. member e.g. in ῥίψ-ασπις, - ιδος `throwing the shield away, coward' (Ar., Pl.), - άσπιδος `id.' (Eup.); cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 93.Derivatives: 1. ῥῑπή f. `throw, thrust, gust of wind, sway, press, heavy movement' (ep. Il.) with ῥιπίζω ( δια-, ἐκ- a.o.) `to cause a gust of wind, to kindle, to fan' (Hp., Ar., Arist.), `to hurl' (Hld.), from which ῥίπ-ισις, - ισμός, - ισμα `fanning' (late); from ῥιπή or as backformation ῥιπίς, - ίδος f. `fanner' (com., AP); on εὔ-ρῑπος s. v.; 2. ῥῖψις ( διά-, ἀπό- a.o.) f. `throwing, hurling' (Hp., Att., Arist.) with ( ἀπο-)ῥίψιμος `apt for throwing away' (late; Arbenz 92); also Ϝριψίδας (Mantinea; cf. Kretschmer Glotta 5,265); 3. ( δια-)ῥίμματα n. pl. `heavy movements, bolts' (Arion, X.); 4. ῥῐφή ( δια-, ἀπο-) f. `cast, throwing back and forth' (Pratin. Lyr., Lyc.; after ῥῐφῆναι); 5. ῥιπτός `cast, thrown' (S. Tr.), μητρό- ῥίπτω (Dosiad.); 6. ῥιπτικός `able for throwing' (Arist.-comm.); 7. frequent. ῥιπτάζω, - άσαι `to thrust back and forth' (ep. Ξ 257) with - ασμός (Hp., Plu.), - αστικός (M. Ant.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: The regular character of the formal system, which is built on an element Ϝρῑπ- (wit secondary shortening Ϝρῐπ-), shows that it is a (relatively) late creation. No convincing agreement outside Greek. The formally agreeing MLG wrīven `rub, wipe, scour, draw', MHG rīben `turn rubbing ' could be connected if we assume a basic meaning `turn' ("rub, throw with a turning movement"; cf. with the last Lat. torqueō); WP. 1, 280, Pok. 1159. A further analysis in u̯r-ī-p- "opens wide perspectives"; NHG werfen (prop. *'turn')not to ῥέπω, ῥέμβομαι, ῥάβδος)} s. vv.) etc. S. also ῥίψ. -- An IE *u̯r-iH-p- seems not a very probable structure; is the word Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 2,658-659Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥίπτω
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3 σχάζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to make an incision, to tear open, to open a vein, to let (the blood) flow, to let something take its course, to release, to drop, to abandon' (Hp., X., Arist. etc.).Other forms: Also σχάω (Hp., com., Arist. a.o.), mostly aor. σχάσαι (Pi., B., Hp., E., com., X., Arist., hell. a. late) with pass. σχασθ-ῆναι, fut. pass. - ήσομαι, act. σχάσω, perf. midd. ἔσχασμαι (in ἐσχασμένη as plantname; Strömberg 43).Derivatives: 1. σχάσις ( ἀπό-, κατά-) f. `the tearing, blood-letting, release' (medic., Ph. Bel.). 2. σχάσμα ( κατά-) n. `incision, release' (Hp., Dsc., Ph. Bel.). 3. κατα-σχασμός m. `draft' (medic.). 4. σχαστήρ = Lat. tendicula (gloss.); κατασ[χ]αστήρ meaning unknown (IG 11: 2, 165, 11 [Delos IIIa]). 5. σχαστηρ-ία f. `trigger, release in mechanisms etc.' (Arist., Ph. Bel., Hero, Plb. etc.; Scheller Oxytonierung 58 n. 4); - ιον n. `lancet' ( Hippiatr.).Etymology: As orig. meaning is above assumed as usual `make an incision, tear open', from where `open, let loose etc.'; the word would be esp. characteristic for the language of the physician. Also a basic meaning `let loose, free v. t.' sceems however possible, while the usual professional expression φλέβα σχάσαι in MLG āderlāten `let (flow) from the vein' would get a direct agreement. -- As the whole formal system is clearly built on the aor. σχάσαι, from which σχάζω, σχάω as well as all other verbal and nominal forms, the etymolog has to start from this. A certain non-Greek agreement has not been found. Since Fick 1, 143 a. 567 σχάω is generally compared (Bq, WP. 2, 541 f., Pok. 919f., W.-Hofmann s. sciō) a.o. with Skt. chyati ( anu-, ava-, vi- etc.), ptc. chā-ta-, chi-tá-, caus. chāy-áyati (IE * skeh₂-, *skh₂i̯-) `split, hurt, esp. of the skin' (on the meaning Hoffmann Münch. Stud. 19, 61 ff., on phonetics Hiersche Ten. asp. 103 f., 214f.). To this semant. certainly unobjectionable connection it should be remarked, that of the Skt. verb non-present finite forms, e.g. the full grade s-aorist a-chā-s-it, occur only in the grammarians. The further combinations (s. the lit. above), e.g. with Lat. sciō, are no less hypothetic. -- So σχάσαι Greek innovation (perh. through cross of σχίσαι and ἐάσαι, χαλάσαι v.t.)? Note that σχ- cannot be directly explained from the assumed IE form.Page in Frisk: 2,835-836Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σχάζω
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4 ἀρέσκω
ἀρέσκω impf. ἤρεσκον; fut. ἀρέσω; 1 aor. ἤρεσα. Mid. impf. ἠρέσκετο (Tat. 2, 1) (s. ἀρεσκεία; Hom.+). In Gk. lit. ἀ. is used in a variety of senses ranging from conciliatory action (s. Od. 22, 55, of satisfaction pledged to Odysseus) to undertaking of civic responsibility that meets with public approval (s. 2 below). Most oft. w. dat. of pers.① to act in a fawning manner, win favor, please, flatter, w. focus on the winning of approval (Aristot., EN 2, 7, 13; 4, 6, 1; Theophr., Char. 5 [e.g. in a dispute the flatterer endeavors to please friend and foe alike; and he will tell foreigners that they speak with greater sense of justice than do his fellow citizens]. That the original sense of basic civility in human relations [s. 2a below] suffered debasement is affirmed by Anaxandrides Com., cited Athen. 6, 255b: τὸ γαρ κολακεύειν νῦν ἀρέσκειν ὄνομʼ ἔχει ‘flattery’ is now called ‘being accommodating’; s. ἀνθρωπαρεσκέω, ἀνθρωπάρεσκος) ἀνθρώποις (Pla., Ep. 4, 321b; Simplicius in Epict. p. 118, 30 ἀρέσκειν ἀνθρώποις βουλόμενος) Gal 1:10ab (conative impf.); 1 Th 2:4 here in both a neg. and a positive sense: ‘flattering’ humans, but ‘pleasing’ God (in the sense of 2 below), who tests (δοκιμάζω) for motivation.② to give pleasure/satisfaction, please, accommodate.ⓐ a favored term in the reciprocity-conscious Mediterranean world, and frequently used in honorary documents to express interest in accommodating others by meeting their needs or carrying out important obligations. Oft. almost serve Nägeli 40. The use of the term in a good sense in our lit. contributes a tone of special worth and diginity to some of the relationships that are depicted. τινί someone τῷ πλησίον Ro 15:2 (w. τὸ ἀγαθόν and οἰκοδομή as decisive semantic components); cp. Hs 5, 2, 7 a servant doing good work. Lord/God ἀ. τ. κυρίῳ 1 Cor 7:32; 1 Th 4:1; inability to do so Ro 8:8; cp. 1 Th 2:15; rather than humans 1 Th 2:4 (s. 1 above); IRo 2:1 (note the semantic problem cited 1 above). God/Lord as commander (military imagery) IPol 6:2; cp. 2 Ti 2:4.—Concern for a broad public is a common theme in honorary documents (e.g. OGI 339, 29f; s. Danker, Benefactor 336f) and other lit. (cp. Demosth., Ep. 3, 27 πᾶσιν ἀ.; Ath. 26:1 τοῖς πολλοῖς ἀρέσκοντες θεοί) πάντα πᾶσιν ἀ. in everything I endeavor to please all, i.e. without deference to one at the expense of another, 1 Cor 10:33 (w. σύμφορον, q.v., along w. συμφέρω, for cultural significance); sim. κατὰ πάντα τρόπον πᾶσιν ἀ. ITr 2:3. (Cp. the negative appraisal 1 Th 2:15.)—Sacrifice of self-interest is a major component of the foregoing theme, hence the caution μὴ ἑαυτῷ ἀ. Ro 15:1, and the exhibition of Jesus as role model vs. 3; cp. 2 Cl 13:1 (w. ἀνθρωπάρεσκος s. 1 above); Hs 9, 22, 1; in a marriage relationship, wife or husband ἀ. τ. γυναικί 1 Cor 7:33; ἀ. τ. ἄνδρι vs. 34.ⓑ of pleasure (without any suggestion of mere amusement) as a condition generated by an action (cp. POxy 1153, 25 ἐὰν αὐτῷ ἀρέσκῃ; PGiss 20, 15). A fine line cannot always be drawn between a focus on endeavor to please and focus on the impact of pleasure produced by the activity. Some of the pass. cited in 2a may equally belong here and some of those included here could be cited above. But the gener. sense in those that follow is satisfaction produced by the behavior of another please God ἀ. θεῷ (Theopomp. [IV B.C.]: 115 Fgm. 344 Jac. τ. θεοῖς ἀ. here the concern is to meet divine expectations; Num 23:27; Ps 68:32; Mal 3:4; Jos., Ant. 6, 164; 13, 289) Ro 8:8; 1 Th 2:15; cp. Hs 5, 2, 7; ἀ. τ. κυρίῳ 1 Cor 7:32 (on these four last pass. s. also a above); 1 Cl 52, 2 (Ps 68, 32); wife/husband 1 Cor 7:33f (s. a above); 2 Ti 2:4; Herod Mt 14:6; Mk 6:22. W. focus on someth. that provides pleasure (Ael. Aristid. 46, 380 D.: θεοῖς ἀρέσκοντα) Hv 1, 4, 2; Hs 5, 6, 6. ἤρεσεν ὁ λόγος ἐνώπιον (for בְּעֵינֵי or לִפְנֵי) τοῦ πλήθους (= τῷ πλήθει) the saying pleased the whole group (cp. 2 Ch 30:4; 1 Macc 6:60; 8:21; Jos., Vi. 238) Ac 6:5 (B-D-F §4, p. 4, 5; 187, 2; 214, 6).—Salome, daughter of Herodias, pleases Herod and his company, and in keeping w. Mediterranean reciprocity system receives her award, in this instance a grisly one Mt 14:6; Mk 6:22.—Implied, i.e. impers. (Philo, Aet. M. 87; Jos., Ant. 14, 205; 207) ἀρέσκει μοι it pleases me (=mihi placet) w. inf. foll. (Hdt. 8, 19; Josh 24:15; 1 Macc 14:23; 15:19; Jos., Ant. 14, 352) Hm 6, 1, 5.—B. 1099. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.
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