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  • 41 ne

    1.
    (old forms nei and ni; v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the primitive Latin negative particle, no, not; whereas the negative particle non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal origin; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), whence naht (Engl. not) is derived; Sanscr. na, not].
    I.
    Adv., with a single word of a proposition (in early Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not less than, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. with DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, twice in the same S. C.;

    and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT,

    Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So too:

    DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc.,

    Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus inter Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores (verres) quam semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the time of Plautus the usage was unsettled, non and ne being used indifferently for simple negation; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—
    2.
    To this is allied the adverbial use of ne in all periods of the language.
    a.
    Ne... quidem, applies the negation with emphasis to the word between them, not even:

    ne sues quidem id velint, non modo ipse,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:

    ne in oppidis quidem... ne in fanis quidem,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:

    Philippus non item: itaque ne nos quidem,

    id. Att. 14, 12, 2:

    nulla ne minima quidem aura fluctus commovente,

    id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:

    non potest dici satis, ne cogitari quidem, quantum, etc.,

    id. Mil. 29, 78:

    vita beata, quam ne in deo quidem esse censes, nisi, etc.,

    id. N. D. 1, 24, 67:

    ut in foro et in judicio... ne non timere quidem sine aliquo timore possimus,

    id. Mil. 1, 2:

    ne tondere quidem Vellera possunt,

    Verg. G. 3, 561;

    so after a negative, repeating it with emphasis: non enim praetereundum est ne id quidem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155:

    nulla species ne excogitari quidem potest ornatior,

    id. de Or. 3, 45, 179:

    non praetermittam ne illud quidem,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:

    Caesar negat se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse,

    id. ib. 2, 16, 5:

    numquam illum ne minima quidem re offendi,

    id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; but when ne... quidem precedes, the negative of the principal verb is omitted:

    sine quā ne intellegi quidem ulla virtus potest,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:

    neque enim ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus,

    Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne quidem (with no intervening word), not even (late Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—
    b.
    In composition, to make an absolute negation of the principal idea. So in neque and nequiquam; also in nescio and nevolo; and in nefas, nefandus, nepus (for non purus), nequeo, neuter, neutiquam; in nemo, nego, nihil, nullus, numquam, and nusquam; and, lastly, with a paragogic c before o: necopinans and neglego; negotium (i. e. nec-lego; nec-otium). —
    B.
    With a proposition (in all periods of the language, and exclusively),
    1.
    In imperative sentences, to signify that something must not be done.
    (α).
    With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, let him not be raised, Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, let him not spread, he need not spread, ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25):

    VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO,

    Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf.

    art. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: satis credo,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5:

    ah, ne saevi tantopere,

    Ter. And. 5, 2, 27:

    impius ne audeto placare donis iram deorum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella,

    Verg. A. 6, 832.—
    (β).
    With subj.:

    ne me moveatis,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1:

    si certum est facere, facias: verum ne post conferas Culpam in me,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96:

    si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis,

    Cic. Clu. 2, 6:

    ne pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae sollers,

    Hor. A. P. 406.—
    2.
    In wishes and asseverations: ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. sineret, etc., might Jupiter forbid it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.:

    ne istuc Juppiter Opt. Max. sirit, etc.,

    id. 28, 28.—With utinam: utinam ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram trabes, would that not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): utinam ne umquam, Mede Colchis cupido corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.):

    illud utinam ne vere scriberem!

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. utinam.—With si:

    ne vivam, si scio,

    may I not live, may I die, if I know, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8:

    sed ne vivam, si tibi concedo,

    id. Fam. 7, 23, 19:

    ne sim salvus, si aliter scribo ac sentio,

    id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—
    3.
    In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as softened commands; cf. II. init.).
    (α).
    In concessions, nemo is, inquies, umquam fuit. Ne fuerit:

    ego enim, etc.,

    there may not have been; suppose there was not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.:

    pugnes omnino, sed cum adversario facili. Ne sit sane: videri certe potest,

    id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102:

    ne sit sane summum malum dolor: malum certe est,

    id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:

    ne sint in senectute vires: ne postulantur quidem vires a senectute,

    id. Sen. 11, 34:

    ne sit igitur sol, ne luna, ne stellae, quoniam nihil esse potest, nisi quod attigimus aut vidimus,

    id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7:

    nec porro malum, quo aut oppressus jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes?

    though you be not crushed; supposing you are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—
    (β).
    In restrictive clauses:

    sint sane liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur, etc.,

    only let them not; if they only will not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, dummodo ne, modo ne, and dum quidem ne; v. dum and modo: me vero nihil istorum ne juvenem quidem movit umquam: ne nunc senem, much less now I am old = nedum, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.:

    vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: scuta si homines inviti dant, etsi ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis sine maximo dolore argentum caelatum domo protulisse, much less can you suppose, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—
    4.
    In clauses which denote a purpose or result.
    a.
    Ut ne, that not, lest, so that not (very rare after the August. period; in Livy only in a few doubtful passages; in Cæsar, Seneca, and Tacitus not at all; v. under II.): quos ego ope meā Pro incertis certos... Dimitto, ut ne res temere tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare usque, ut ne quid possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12:

    haec mihi nunc cura est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19:

    ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne impune nos illuseris,

    id. Eun. 5, 4, 19:

    excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne quid inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103:

    equidem soleo dare operam, ut de suā quisque re me ipse doceat, et, ut ne quis alius assit, quo, etc.,

    id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—
    b.
    Ut... ne separated:

    quam plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorem,

    Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3:

    ut causae communi salutique ne deessent,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140:

    lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret,

    id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:

    vos orant atque obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—
    c.
    Qui ne, quo ne, and quomodo ne (ante- and post-class. for ut ne):

    ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 35:

    moxque ad aram, quo ne hostis dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit,

    Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, quomodo ne tributa conferatis, Gr. hôs mê, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.
    II.
    In the several uses of the adv. ne, described above, the transition to its use to connect clauses is clearly seen (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In intentional clauses, and after verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a conjunction.
    A.
    In intentional clauses for ut ne, that not, lest: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: ilico isti! Ne contagio mea bonis umbrave obsit, approach me not; let not my presence harm you, i. e. lest my presence should harm you, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.):

    omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt... ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9:

    Caesarem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. after verbs expressing forethought, care, etc.:

    vide sis, ne quid imprudens ruas,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128:

    considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:

    Cocceius, vide, ne frustretur,

    Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—
    B.
    After verbs signifying to fear, frighten, etc. (esp. metuo, timeo, vereor, horreo, paveo, terreo, conterreo; also, timor est, metus est, spes est, periculum est), to express the wish that something may not take place; represented in English by that (because in English the particle depends on the idea of fearing, not of wishing):

    metuo et timeo, ne hoc tandem propalam flat,

    that it will be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38:

    timeo ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia,

    id. Truc. 4, 2, 61:

    vereor ne quid Andria apportet mali,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 46:

    metuebat ne indicarent,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 57:

    mater cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,

    id. Mur. 41, 88:

    hic ne quid mihi prorogetur, horreo,

    id. Att. 5, 21, 3:

    id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu autem ut ducas,

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 12:

    esse metus coepit, ne, etc.,

    Ov. M. 7, 715:

    terruit gentīs, grave ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae,

    Hor. C. 1, 2, 5:

    non periclumst, nequid recte monstres,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55:

    pavor ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset vulnus,

    Liv. 24, 42 —
    b.
    When the dependent clause is negative, with non or nihil, that not:

    vereor ne exercitum firmum habere non possit,

    Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2:

    unum vereor ne senatus Pompeium nolit dimittere,

    id. ib. 5, 18, 1:

    timeo ne non impetrem,

    id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—
    c.
    With the negative before the verb:

    non vereor, ne quid temere facias,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4:

    timere non debeo, ne non iste illā cruce dignus judicetur,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—
    C.
    After verbs signifying to avoid, warn, hinder, forbid, refuse (caveo, impedio, resisto, interdico, refuto, rarely veto), instead of the simple object, that not, lest:

    qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:

    cavete, judices, ne nova proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4;

    v. caveo: casus quidam ne facerem impedivit,

    Cic. Fat. 1, 1:

    unus ne caperetur urbs causa fuit,

    Liv. 34, 39. [p. 1194]
    2.
    - (also apocopated n' and only n), interrog. and enclit. part. [weakened from nē]. It simply inquires, without implying either that a negative or an affirmative reply is expected (cf. num, nonne), and emphasizes the word to which it is joined;

    which is always, in classic Latin, the first word of the clause (ante- class. after other words: sine dote uxoremne?

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In direct questions it is translated by giving an interrogative form to the sentence; in indirect interrogations by whether.
    (α).
    In direct interrogations, with indic.:

    meministine me in senatu dicere? etc.,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:

    potestne rerum major esse dissensio?

    id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:

    tune id veritus es?

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:

    jamne vides, belua, jamne sentis? etc.,

    id. Pis. 1, 1:

    quid, si etiam falsum illud omnino est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes?

    id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44:

    quiane auxilio juvat ante levatos?

    Verg. A. 4, 538:

    tun' te audes Sosiam esse dicere?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217:

    valuistin?

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s:

    satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: quam aeque diligam?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11:

    pergin autem?

    id. ib. 1, 3, 41:

    vin commutemus?

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al. —
    (β).
    Esp. with rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do you mean the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne vobis placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be that what pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65;

    so quin for quine,

    id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So with ut and si:

    utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri?

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19:

    sin, saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id. consuadeo,

    id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—
    (γ).
    In indirect interrogations, with subj., whether:

    ut videamus, satisne ista sit justa defectio,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43:

    Publilius iturusne sit in Africam et quando, ex Aledio scire poteris,

    id. Att. 12, 24, 1:

    videto vasa, multane sient,

    Cato, R. R. 1:

    quem imitari possimusne, ipse liber erit indicio,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—
    (δ).
    Sometimes affixed to an interrogative pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2:

    quone malo mentem concussa? Timore deorum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.:

    uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?

    id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and:

    illa rogare: Quantane?

    id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—
    (ε).
    -ne is sometimes used for nonne, where an affirmative reply is expected:

    misine ego ad te epistulam?

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15:

    rectene interpretor sententiam tuam,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—
    (ζ).
    Rarely = num:

    potestne virtus servire?

    Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:

    potesne dicere?

    id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—
    b.
    With an, annon, or anne, in the second interrogation, v. an.—With necne, v. neque.—Sometimes pleonastic with utrum, followed by an (mostly anteclass.):

    est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre ferendum... an, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:

    sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, nescio,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the second interrogation, ne for an (mostly poet.):

    Smyrna quid et Colophon? Majora minorane fama?

    Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3:

    ut in incerto fuerit, vicissent victine essent,

    Liv. 5, 28, 5:

    cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.
    3.
    , interj. (incorrectly written nae), = nai, nê, truly, verily, really, indeed (only joined with pers. pron. ego, tu, and with the demonstratives ille, iste, hic, and their advv.; in class, prose usually with a conditional clause).
    I.
    In gen.:

    ne ego homo infelix fui, Qui non alas intervelli,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.:

    ne ego haud paulo hunc animum malim quam, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99:

    ne ego, inquam, si ita est, velim tibi eum placere quam maxime,

    id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne ille, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:

    ne iste,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—
    II.
    Connected with other affirmative particles, as hercle, edepol, mecastor, medius fidius:

    ne tu hercle,

    Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne ille hercle, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

    edepol ne ego,

    id. Men. 5, 5, 10:

    edepol ne tu,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 50:

    ne ista edepol,

    id. Am. 2, 2, 213:

    ne istuc mecastor,

    id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl):

    ne ille, medius fidius,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.:

    medius fidius ne tu,

    id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely with a pron. poss.:

    edepol ne meam operam, etc.,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in which ne stands in classic prose without a pronoun are probably corrupt; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ne

  • 42 primaevus

    prīmaevus, a, um, adj. [primus-aevum, in the first period of life, young, youthful ( poet. and late Lat.):

    primaevus Helenor,

    Verg. A. 9, 545:

    natus,

    Cat. 64, 401:

    Helix,

    Val. Fl. 6, 570:

    vix primaevus eras, cum, etc.,

    Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 51:

    corpus,

    Verg. A. 10, 345; Luc. 6, 562:

    corpora,

    Val. Fl. 2, 653:

    flos,

    Verg. A. 7, 162:

    recepisti primaevus originis tuae florem,

    Amm. 15, 8, 11:

    adulescens,

    id. 16, 1, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > primaevus

  • 43 remeo

    rĕ-mĕo, āvi, 1, v. n., to go or come back, to turn back, return (not freq. till after the [p. 1561] Aug. period; only once in Cic.; in Cæs. not at all; syn.: redeo, regredior).
    I.
    Lit.:

    remeabo intro,

    Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 55:

    remeato audacter,

    id. As. 1, 3, 75:

    in ludum, Afr. ap. Fest. s. h. v. p. 277 Müll. (Com. Rel. p. 151 Rib.): in patriam,

    Ov. M. 15, 480:

    patrias in sedes,

    Tac. A. 14, 25 fin.:

    rursum in terga (with cedere),

    id. ib. 3, 21:

    ad se (legati),

    Liv. 9, 16:

    ex Campaniā,

    Tac. A. 15, 60; cf.

    Aegypto,

    id. ib. 2, 69:

    eodem remeante nuntio,

    Liv. 9, 3:

    navibus remeabat disjecto agmine,

    Tac. H. 5, 22; cf. Suet. Vit. Plin. fin.:

    (coturnices) cum ex Italiā trans mare remeant,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:

    greges nocte remeabant ad stabula,

    Liv. 24, 3, 5; Pall. 1, 39, 1. —
    (β).
    Poet. and late Lat. with acc.:

    patrias remeabo inglorius urbes,

    Verg. A. 11, 793:

    Euboicos penates,

    Stat. S. 3, 5, 12:

    destinatas remeārunt sedes,

    Amm. 17, 13, 34:

    castra,

    App. M. 7 pr.—
    b.
    Of inanimate subjects: cum umore consumpto neque terra ali posset neque remearet aër, would flow back again, * Cic. N. D. 2, 46, 118:

    (naves) mari remeabant,

    Tac. A. 12, 17 fin.:

    remeante flumine,

    receding, id. H. 1, 86 fin.:

    bis adfluunt bisque remeant (aquae),

    Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 212.—
    B.
    In partic., to come back as a victor, return home in triumph ( poet.; cf. Cort. ad Luc. 7, 256; Burm. ad Val. Fl. 4, 589):

    victor ad Argos,

    Verg. A. 2, 95; cf.:

    victor domito ab hoste,

    Ov. M. 15, 569:

    Scythicis Crassus victor ab oris,

    Luc. 2, 553:

    nunc neque te longi remeantem pompa triumphi Excipit,

    id. 1, 286:

    triumpho,

    Stat. Th. 12, 164.—With acc.: vetitos remeare triumphos, to return home to the triumph denied ( me), Luc. 7, 256.—
    II.
    Trop., to come back, return:

    transiit aetas, Quam cito, non segnis stat remeatque dies,

    Tib. 1, 4, 28.—With acc.:

    si natura juberet A certis annis aevom remeare peractum,

    Hor. S. 1, 6, 94.—In discourse:

    ad ordinem remeabo coeptorum,

    Amm. 22, 16, 24 al.
    Lengthened collat.
    form remānant = remeant (like dănunt = dant, prodīnunt = prodeunt, redīnunt = redeunt): rivos camposque remanant, Enn. Fragm. ap. Fest. p. 282 Müll. (Ann. v. 72 Vahl.).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > remeo

  • 44 renideo

    rĕ-nīdĕo ( perf. reniduit, emeidiasen, Gloss. Philox.), ēre, v. n. [perh. kindr. with nizô], to shine again, shine back; to glitter, glisten, be bright or resplendent ( poet. and not freq. till after the Aug. period).
    I.
    Lit.:

    nec domus argento fulgenti auroque renidet,

    Lucr. 2, 27:

    ut pura nocturno renidet Luna mari Gnidiusve Gyges,

    Hor. C. 2, 5, 19:

    non ebur neque aureum Meā renidet in domo lacunar,

    id. ib. 2, 18, 2; so,

    sparsa orichalca,

    Stat. Th. 10, 660:

    ostrum, Petr. poët. 119, 29: circum renidentes Lares,

    i. e. shining from the reflection of the fire, Hor. Epod. 2, 66: late fluctuat omnis Aere renidenti tellus, with gleaming brass (of arms), Verg. G. 2, 282 (cf.:

    aere renidescit tellus,

    Lucr. 2, 326).—
    II.
    Trop.
    * A.
    In gen., to shine:

    jam sola renidet in Stilichone salus,

    Claud. in Eutr. 2, 501.—
    B.
    In partic., to shine or beam for joy, to be glad, cheerful:

    (puer Icarus) ore renidenti Captabat plumas,

    Ov. M. 8, 197; Val. Fl. 4, 234:

    tractabat ceram puer pennasque renidens,

    id. A. A. 2, 49:

    puer,

    Stat. Th. 4, 789; cf.:

    hilarior protinus renidet oratio,

    Quint. 12, 10, 28.— With object-clause, as cause of the joy: adjecisse praedam Torquibus exiguis [p. 1565] renidet, rejoices, Hor. C. 3, 6, 12.—
    2.
    Transf. (by a natural figure, as, conversely, ridere is used poet. for splendere, Hor. C. 4, 11, 6 al.), to smile, laugh (syn. subrideo):

    homo renidens,

    smiling, Liv. 35, 49; Tac. A. 15, 66:

    ad haec renidens Milo... inquit,

    App. M. 2, p. 120, 16:

    Tiberius torvus aut falsum renidens vultu,

    Tac. A. 4, 60; cf.:

    torvum renidens,

    Amm. 14, 9, 6; Tac. H. 4, 43:

    renidenti cohibens suspiria vultu,

    Val. Fl. 4, 359:

    (Cupido) Iste lascivus puer ac renidens,

    Sen. Hippol. 277:

    Egnatius quod candidos habet dentes, Renidet usquequaque,

    Cat. 39, 1 sq. —
    * b.
    With dat. (like arridere), to smile upon, be gracious to:

    mihi renidens Fortuna,

    App. M. 10, p. 246, 17.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > renideo

  • 45 sacer

    săcer, sā̆cra, sā̆crum (ante-class. collat. form sacer, sacris, sacre; plur.:

    sacres porci,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 16; id. Rud. 4, 6, 4; Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 20; 4, 16; sing. acc.: sacrem porcum, Fest. s. h. v. p. 318 Müll.), adj. [root sa-; Gr. saos, sôos, safe; whence Lat. sānus], dedicated or consecrated to a divinity, holy, sacred, = hieros (cf.: sanctus, augustus): Gallus Aelius ait, sacrum esse quocumque modo atque instituto civitatis consecratum sit, sive aedis, sive ara, sive signum, sive locus, sive pecunia, sive quid aliud quod dis dedicatum atque consecratum sit, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.; cf.:

    quicquid destinatum est diis, sacrum vocatur,

    Macr. S. 3, 7:

    sacrae (res) sunt quae diis superis consecratae sunt: religiosae quae diis manibus relictae sunt,

    Gai. Inst. 2, 3.
    I.
    In gen.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    quicquam (opp. profanum),

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 27; id. Trin. 2, 2, 8; cf.:

    aedificiis omnibus, publicis privatis sacris profanis, sic pepercit, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 129; so,

    locus sacer et profanus,

    id. Inv. 1, 26, 38; Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7; Quint. 5, 10, 38:

    miscebis sacra profanis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 54; id. A. P. 397; Nep. Them. 6, 5; Sall. C. 11, 6:

    villae signis et tabulis refertae partim publicis partim etiam sacris et religiosis,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 31; so (with religiosus) id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127; Suet. Tib. 61:

    mores autem rapere properant quā sacrum quā puplicum,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 37:

    (legum) genera sunt tria, sacri, publici, privati juris,

    Quint. 2, 4, 33; cf. in the sup.:

    deprecor hoc unum per jura sacerrima lecti,

    Ov. H. 9, 159:

    aedes,

    Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 5; Cic. Fam. 13, 11, 1; Quint. 4, 2, 8; Ov. M. 14, 315:

    lucus late sacer,

    Verg. A. 5, 761:

    arvum Martis,

    Ov. M. 7, 101:

    ara,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 20:

    aurum,

    Liv. 5, 50; cf.

    pecunia (opp. privata),

    Quint. 4, 2, 8:

    arma,

    Liv. 24, 21:

    tus,

    Ov. M. 14, 130:

    sanguis (of the sacrificial victim),

    Cat. 68, 75:

    ales (so called from its use in augury),

    Verg. A. 11, 721:

    luces (with profestae),

    Hor. C. 4, 15, 25; cf.

    dies (with religiosus),

    Suet. Tib. 61:

    tempus,

    Hor. C. S. 4:

    commissum,

    a crime against religion, Cic. Leg. 2, 9 et saep.— Poet.: vitis (as sacred to Bacchus), Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 149 Vahl.); Hor. C. 1, 18, 1; so,

    laurus,

    id. ib. 3, 4, 18; Verg. A. 7, 60:

    robur,

    Ov. M. 8, 752:

    aqua,

    Hor. C. 1, 1, 22:

    fontes,

    Ov. M. 2, 464; Verg. E. 1, 53:

    focus,

    Hor. Epod. 2, 43:

    Tarentum,

    id. C. 1, 28, 29:

    fines,

    Sil. 3, 501; cf.

    montes (the Alps, because not to be ascended by men),

    id. 4, 70;

    vates (because dedicated to Apollo),

    Hor. C. 4, 9, 28; Tib. 2, 5, 113; cf.:

    sacer interpresque deorum Orpheus,

    Hor. A. P. 391;

    and (for sanctus) of the divinity itself: Vesta,

    Prop. 3, 4 (4, 3), 11; so,

    Cybebe,

    id. 3 (4), 22, 3 (but in Liv. 3, 19: ut sacrosancti habeantur, quibus ipsi dii neque sacri neque sancti sunt, so used only on account of the lusus verbb. with sacrosancti;

    v. the context).—Sacer Mons,

    a hill about three miles from Rome, beyond the Anio, and on the right of the Via Nomentana, to which the Roman people retired during their controversy with the Senate, Liv. 2, 32; 3, 52; Cic. Rep. 2, 37, 63; id. Brut. 14, 54:

    os sacrum, quod imum ventrem sustinet,

    Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4: Sacra Via, or ( poet.) Sacer Clivus, a street in Rome leading from the Forum to the Capitol, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; id. Att. 4, 3, 3; Hor. S. 1, 9, 1; id. C. 4, 2, 35; Mart. 1, 70, 5;

    v. also via, I. A. 2.: sacer morbus,

    the epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4:

    sacer lapis,

    a stone landmark, a mere-stone, Liv. 41, 13: os sacrum, anatom. t. t., = Gr. hieron osteon, the lowest bone of the spine, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4, 24:

    litterae sacrae (eccl. Lat.),

    the Scriptures, Vulg. 2 Tim. 3, 15.—For its combinations with ignis, via, etc., v. those words.—
    (β).
    With gen. (class.):

    ego te sacram coronam surripuisse scio Jovis,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 38; so,

    urna Veneris,

    id. Rud. 2, 5, 16 (for which:

    urna Veneria,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 18):

    Dianae celebris dies,

    Hor. C. 2, 12, 20:

    sepulcrum Batti veteris,

    Cat. 7, 6; cf. Plin. 8, 21, 31, § 76.—As a predicate: terra, ut focus domiciliorum, sacra deorum omnium est (a transl. of the Platon. Gê hiera pantôn theôn), Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45:

    illa insula (sc. Delos) eorum deorum sacra putatur,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 48.—
    (γ).
    With dat. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.

    infra, II. A.): sacra Jovi quercus,

    Ov. M. 7, 623:

    esculus Jovi sacra,

    Plin. 16, 4, 5, § 11:

    Nymphis cervus,

    Ov. M. 10, 109:

    Cereri Polyphoetes (as a priest),

    Verg. A. 6, 484:

    pugionem templo Salutis detraxerat gestabatque velut magno operi sacrum,

    Tac. A. 15, 53:

    cupressus Diti sacra,

    Plin. 16, 33, 60, § 139:

    aesculus Jovi,

    id. 16, 4, 5, § 11.—As a predicate:

    Jani mensis, Qui sacer est imis Manibus,

    Ov. F. 2, 52, quercus antiqua, quae erat Marti sacra, Suet. Vesp. 5 (al. sacrata).—
    B.
    Transf., in gen., holy, sacred, awful, venerable (not till after the Aug. per., and very rare):

    silentium,

    Hor. C. 2, 13, 29:

    laedere amantes,

    Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 11:

    lingua (Ciceronis),

    Mart. 5, 69, 7:

    Maro,

    id. 8. 56, 3:

    quaedam patris memoria,

    Quint. 11, 1, 59:

    O sacer et magnus vatum labor,

    Luc. 9, 983:

    heu sacri vatum errores,

    Sil. 8, 100.—So used of the emperors;

    disapproved of by Tiberius: (Tiberius) alium dicentem sacras ejus occupationes verba mutare et pro sacris laboriosas dicere coëgit,

    Suet. Tib. 27.—But soon after Tiberius in general use:

    auris Caesaris,

    Mart. 7, 99, 4:

    sacri lateris custos,

    id. 6, 76, 1:

    apud aures sacras mentitus est,

    Amm. 28, 6, 26 (cf.:

    se Imperatori mentitum,

    id. 28, 6, 26, § 21); and hence, for ecclesiastical: domus, comitatus, scrinia, largitiones, etc., in the law books et saep.
    II.
    In partic., with a bad accessory signif., devoted to a divinity for destruction, forfeited; and absol., accursed, criminal, impious, wicked.
    (α).
    With dat.: si quisquam aliuta faxit, ipsos Jovi sacer esto, Lex Numae ap. Fest. p. 6 Müll.; cf.: ut caput ejus Jovi sacrum esset, an ancient plebiscitum ap. Liv. 3, 55, 7:

    non alienum videtur, de condicione eorum hominum referre, quos leges sacros esse certis diis jubent, quod, cum cetera sacra violari nefas sit, hominem sacrum jus fuerit occidi, etc.,

    Macr. S. 3, 7.—
    (β).
    Absol.: homo sacer is est, quem populus judicavit ob maleficium; neque fas est eum immolari; sed qui occidit, parricidii non damnatur. Nam lege tribuniciā primā cavetur: si quis eum, qui eo plebei scito sacer sit, occiderit, parricida ne sit. Ex quo quivis homo malus atque improbus sacer appellari solet, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.: PATRONVS SI CLIENTI FRAVDEM FECERIT SACER ESTO, LEX XII. Tab. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 609;

    in imitation: uter aedilis fuerit, etc.... is intestabilis et sacer esto,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 181:

    eum, qui cuiquam nocuerit, sacrum sanciri,

    Liv. 3, 55.—
    B.
    Transf., in gen., accursed, execrable, detestable, horrible, infamous, etc. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose).
    a.
    Of persons:

    ego sum malus, Ego sum sacer, scelestus,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 14; Afran. ap. Non. 397, 22 (with malus); Lucil. ib. 397, 27.— Sup., Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 67:

    homo sacerrimus,

    id. Poen. prol. 90; id. Rud. 1, 2, 69; Turp. ap. Non. 397, 29 (with pessimus). —
    b.
    Of things: sacerrimum domicilium, Turp. ap. Non. 397, 30:

    di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum,

    Cat. 14, 12:

    hircus alarum,

    id. 71, 1:

    auri fames,

    Verg. A. 3, 57 (for which:

    aurum fame,

    Plin. 33, 1, 3, § 6:

    venenum (Medeae),

    Val. Fl. 7, 165:

    nox,

    id. 8, 25:

    arma metu,

    id. 4, 185; cf.

    pavor,

    id. 1, 798:

    insania,

    Stat. Th. 10, 804:

    morbus,

    i. e. epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4.—With dat.:

    ut immerentis fluxit in terram Remi Sacer nepotibus cruor,

    Hor. Epod. 7, 20.— Comp. and adv. do not appear (as for the comp. v. Varr. L. L. 8, § 77 Müll.).—Hence, subst.: sā̆crum, i, n., something consecrated; a holy or sacred thing, a sacred vessel or utensil; a sanctuary, a temple; a religious act, a sacrifice, etc.; in plur. in gen., sacred rites, religious worship, religion (both of the State and of single races and families; and even of individuals; v. infra, b; class.; most freq. in plur.).
    A.
    Lit.
    (α).
    Sing.:

    sacrum sacrove commendatum qui cleperit rapsitque parricida esto,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    ubi sacro manus sis admolitus,

    Plaut. As. 3, 2, 24:

    omne sacrum rapiente dextrā,

    Hor. C. 3, 3, 52:

    metuens velut contingere sacrum,

    id. S. 2, 3, 110:

    apud Cluacinae sacrum,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 10; Quint. 1, 4, 6:

    Minervae,

    Dict. Cret. 5, 12 fin.:

    theatrum veluti quoddam illius sacri templum vocabimus,

    Quint. 3, 8, 29: [p. 1611] quae (sacerdos Cereris) Graecum illud sacrum monstraret et faceret, Cic. Balb. 24, 55:

    sacrum Herculi facere,

    Liv. 1, 7:

    facere Junoni,

    Prop. 4 (5), 9, 43:

    facto per Magos sacro,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    sollemne sacrum conficere,

    Flor. 1, 13, 16:

    ita se habet sacrum (Suovetaurilia),

    Quint. 1, 5, 67:

    arma lecta conici in acervum jussit consul sacrumque id Vulcano cremavit,

    Liv. 41, 12:

    sacrum piaculare fieri,

    id. 29, 19:

    sollemne Apollinis sacrum,

    Suet. Aug. 94; Ov. M. 12, 33:

    pyrā sacri sub imagine factā,

    id. ib. 14, 80:

    nec de lucernā fas est accendi sacrum,

    Phaedr. 4, 11, 13:

    neve initianto, nisi ut assolet, Cereri, Graeco sacro,

    according to the Grecian rites, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 21; cf.:

    vetabo, qui Cereris sacrum Vulgarit arcanae,

    Hor. C. 3, 2, 26:

    morientibus operire (oculos) rursusque in rogo patefacere, Quiritium ritu sacrum est,

    Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150:

    in sacro est,

    id. 18, 12, 30, § 118.—
    (β).
    Plur.: sacra deosque penates.. ex aedibus suis eripuisse dixit, sacred vessels or utensils, holy things, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 5, § 13; cf. Liv. 5, 40:

    sacra omnia proferre, Auct. B. Alex. 32, 3: portabant canistris,

    Ov. M. 2, 713:

    Troïa,

    Tib. 2, 5, 40:

    velut qui Junonis sacra ferret,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 11; cf.

    of the same,

    Verg. A. 2, 293; 2, 717 Heyne; Ov. F. 1, 527; id. H. 7, 80; 7, 158:

    cumque suis penetralia sacris,

    i. e. the images of the gods, Penates, id. M. 1, 287:

    jactata aequoribus sacra,

    Hor. C.4,4,54:

    pueri Sacra canunt,

    sacred songs, Verg. A. 2, 239; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:

    sacra ordine in mensā Penatium deorum Ponuntur,

    sacred gifts, offerings, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 11:

    neve ulla vitiorum sacra sollemnia obeunto,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    sicut in sollemnibus sacris fieri consuevit,

    Sall. C. 22, 2:

    qui (Mercurius) sacris anniversariis coleretur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 39, § 84 (for which:

    sacrificiis anniversariis colebatur,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 57, §

    128: sacris e principum numero pontifices quinque praefecit,

    id. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

    (Romulus) sacra diis aliis Albano ritu, Graeco Herculi facit,

    Liv. 1, 7; cf.:

    sacra Jovi facturus erat,

    Ov. M. 3, 26:

    sacra Jovi Stygio Perficere,

    Verg. A. 4, 638:

    ipse (Numa) plurima sacra obibat,

    Liv. 1, 20:

    densi circumstant sacra ministri,

    Ov. M. 2, 717:

    arcana sacra,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 52; Ov. M. 10, 436:

    fera,

    id. ib. 13, 454:

    nefanda,

    id. ib. 10, 228:

    mystica,

    id. H. 2, 42:

    horrida,

    Sil. 3, 140:

    veneranda,

    id. 7, 382:

    casta,

    Stat. Achill. 1, 370.
    a.
    Divine worship or religion in gen.: publica sacra, quae publico sumptu pro populo fiunt, quaeque pro montibus, pagis, curiis, sacellis: at privata, quae pro singulis hominibus, familiis, gentibus fiunt, Fest. pp. 244 and 245 Müll.; Liv. 5, 52:

    quo foedere (Romulus) et Sabinos in civitatem ascivit, sacris communicatis,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13:

    quod per populum errari fas non erat propter religionem sacrorum,

    id. Agr. 2, 7, 18; so,

    religio sacrorum,

    id. Fl. 28, 69:

    sacra Cereris conficere,

    id. Balb. 24, 55; so,

    Cereris,

    Hor. S. 2, 8, 14 (cf. supra, a fin.):

    Eleusina,

    Suet. Claud. 23:

    Junonis,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 11:

    Orphica,

    rites, solemnity, festival, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 58:

    Bacchia,

    Ov. M. 3, 518:

    trieterica Bacchi,

    id. ib. 6, 587:

    Dianae,

    id. ib. 7, 94;

    15, 489: Isidis,

    Suet. Oth. 12 et saep.—
    b.
    The private religious rites of a gens, a family, etc. (observed by the Romans with the greatest care):

    sacra privata perpetua manento,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; cf. id. ib. 2, 19, 47:

    an gentilicia sacra ne in bello quidem intermitti, publica sacra et Romanos deos etiam in pace deseri placet?

    Liv. 5, 52:

    ut ne morte patris familias sacrorum memoria occideret,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

    docebant (antiqui) tribus modis sacris adstringi,

    id. ib. 2, 20, 49:

    magnum est eadem habere monumenta majorum, eisdem uti sacris, sepulcra habere communia,

    id. Off. 1, 17, 55; cf.:

    ut qui natus sit, ignoret, cujus sanguinis, quorum sacrorum sit,

    Liv. 4,2:

    sacra interire illi (majores) noluerunt,

    Cic. Mur. 12, 27:

    sacrorum alienatio,

    id. Or. 42, 144 (v. alienatio); cf. sing.:

    sacrum familiare,

    Macr. S. 1, 16:

    nuptialia,

    marriage solemnities, Quint. 1, 7, 28;

    called also jugalia,

    Ov. M. 7, 700; cf. respecting the sacra privata of the Romans, Savigny, in his Zeitschr. 2, p. 397 sq.—
    c.
    Poet., poems (as sacred to the Muses):

    mihi jam puero caelestia sacra placebant, Inque suum furtim Musa trahebat opus,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:

    vatum,

    Pers. prol. 7:

    Maronis,

    Mart. 7, 63, 5. —
    2.
    Prov.
    a.
    Inter sacrum saxumque stare, to stand between the victim and the knife, i. e. to be between the door and the wall, to be in great straits, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 84; cf.:

    inter sacrum et saxum positus,

    App. M. 11, p. 271 fin.
    b.
    Hereditas sine sacris, i. e. a great profit without trouble, = a rose without thorns, meat without bone, etc. (because the keeping up of the sacra privata was attended with great expense), Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 8, and id. Trin. 2, 4, 83; cf. Fest. p. 290 Müll.—
    B.
    Transf., in gen. (the figure being borrowed from secret religious rites), in plur.: sacra, secrets, mysteries (not till after the Aug. period, and very rare):

    sacra tori coitusque novos referebam,

    Ov. M. 7, 709:

    peregisse mihi videor sacra tradentium artes,

    Quint. 5, 14, 27 (cf.:

    omnes fere, qui legem dicendi, quasi quaedam mysteria, tradiderunt,

    id. 5, 13, 60):

    litterarum colere,

    id. 10, 1, 92:

    studiorum profanare,

    Tac. Or. 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sacer

  • 46 scando

    scando (no perf. or sup.; cf.: ascendo, descendo, etc.), 3, v. a. and n. [Sanscr. root skand-, to climb; cf. Gr. skandalon, skandalêthron].
    I.
    Act., to climb, mount, clamber or get up; to ascend.
    A.
    Lit. (rare but class.): cum alii malos scandant, alii per foros cursent, etc., * Cic. Sen. 6, 17:

    arcem et Capitolium,

    Liv. 3, 68, 7; 4, 2 fin.; cf.:

    in curru Capitolium (of a triumphal entry),

    id. 45, 39:

    curru Capitolia,

    Luc. 9, 600:

    moenia,

    Liv. 22, 14 Drak. N. cr.:

    muros,

    id. 5, 21:

    tectum scalis,

    Plin. 14, 1, 2, §9:

    equum,

    Verg. A. 2, 401:

    bracchia longa Theseae viae,

    Prop. 3 (4), 21, 24:

    cubile,

    id. 4 (5), 4, 90:

    puppim,

    Val. Fl. 8, 8:

    cymbam (Charontis),

    Prop. 3, 18 (4, 17), 24 et saep.—

    In mal. part.,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 22.— Poet.:

    scandit fatalis machina muros,

    Verg. A. 2, 237.—
    B.
    Trop. (only in the poets and in late prose):

    paulatim gradus aetatis scandere adultae,

    Lucr. 2, 1123:

    scandit aeratas vitiosa naves Cura,

    Hor. C. 2, 16, 21.— Hence, in the grammarians: scandere versus, qs. to climb up, i. e. to measure or read by its feet, to scan; cf. in a sarcastic double sense, of a gouty person:

    scandere qui nescis, versiculos laceras,

    Claud. Epigr. 29, 2. —
    II.
    Neutr., to mount, rise, arise, ascend (not freq. till after the Aug. period).
    A.
    Lit.:

    cum scandit et instat,

    climbs the wall, Lucr. 3, 651:

    scandenti circa ima labor est: ceterum quantum processeris, etc.,

    Quint. 12, 10, 78:

    scandere in aggerem,

    Liv. 3, 67, 11:

    in domos superas,

    Ov. F. 1, 298:

    in adversum,

    Quint. 11, 3, 54:

    ad nidum volucris (feles),

    Phaedr. 2, 4, 6:

    per conjuncta aedificia,

    Tac. H. 3, 71:

    super iteratam testudinem,

    id. ib. 3, 28.—
    2.
    Transf., of things:

    scandentisque Asisi consurgit vertice murus,

    Prop. 4 (5), 1, 125:

    in tecta jam silvae scandunt,

    Plin. 15, 14, 14, § 47:

    aquae in sublime,

    id. 31, 1, 1, § 2:

    sol ad aquilonem,

    id. 18, 28, 68, § 264.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    timor et minae Scandunt eodem, quo dominus,

    Hor. C. 3, 1, 38:

    supra principem scandere,

    Tac. H. 4, 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > scando

  • 47 secerno

    sē-cerno, crēvi, crētum, 3 (old inf. secernier, Lucr. 3, 263), v. a.
    I.
    Lit., to put apart, to sunder, sever, separate (freq. and class.; not in Cæs.; cf.: sepono, sejungo, secludo); constr. with simple acc., or with ab aliquā re; less freq. ex aliquā re; poet. with abl.
    (α).
    With simple acc.:

    quae non animalia solum Corpora sejungunt, sed terras ac mare totum Secernunt,

    Lucr. 2, 729:

    seorsum partem utramque,

    id. 3, 637:

    arietes, quibus sis usurus ad feturam, bimestri tempore ante secernendum,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 13 (cf. infra, b):

    stamen secernit harundo,

    Ov. M. 6, 55:

    sparsos sine ordine flores Secernunt calathis,

    separate in baskets, id. ib. 14, 267:

    nihil (praedae) in publicum secernendo augenti rem privatam militi favit,

    setting apart for the public treasury, Liv. 7, 16; cf.:

    Juppiter illa piae secrevit litora genti,

    hath set apart for the pious race, Hor. Epod. 16, 63:

    inde pares centum denos secrevit in orbes Romulus,

    separated, divided, Ov. F. 3, 127.—
    (β).
    With ab or (less freq.) with ex, and poet. with abl.:

    a terris altum secernere caelum,

    Lucr. 5, 446:

    ab aëre caelum,

    Ov. M. 1, 23:

    Europen ab Afro (medius liquor),

    Hor. C. 3, 3, 47:

    muro denique secernantur a nobis,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 32:

    inermes ab armatis,

    Liv. 41, 3:

    militem a populo (in spectaculis),

    Suet. Aug. 44:

    se a bonis,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 32; cf.:

    se ab Etruscis,

    Liv. 6, 10.—In the part. perf.:

    antequam incipiat admissura fieri, mares a feminis secretos habeant,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 18 (cf. supra, a); so,

    saepta ab aliis,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8:

    manus a nobis,

    Lucr. 2, 912; 3, 552:

    sphaera ab aethereā conjunctione,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

    sucus a reliquo cibo,

    id. ib. 2, 55, 137:

    bilis ab eo cibo,

    id. ib. al.:

    secreti ab aliis ad tribunos adducuntur,

    Liv. 6, 25; 25, 30:

    secretis alterius ab altero criminibus,

    id. 40, 8 fin.; 39, 10:

    se e grege imperatorum,

    id. 35, 14 fin.:

    unum e praetextatis compluribus,

    Suet. Aug. 94 med.:

    monile ex omni gazā,

    id. Galb. 18:

    me gelidum nemus Nympharumque leves chori Secernunt populo,

    separate, distinguish, Hor. C. 1, 1, 32.—
    II.
    Trop., to separate, disjoin, part, dissociate (syn.: internosco, distinguo).
    (α).
    With simple acc.:

    hosce ego homines excipio et secerno libenter,

    set apart, Cic. Cat. 4, 7, 15.—
    (β).
    With ab, or poet. with abl.: ut venustas et pulchritudo corporis secerni non potest a valetudine;

    sic, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 95:

    animum a corpore,

    id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

    tertium genus (laudationum) a praeceptis nostris,

    id. de Or. 2, 84, 341; cf.:

    ipsam pronuntiationem ab oratore,

    Quint. 1, 11, 17: dicendi facultatem a majore vitae laude, id. 2, 15, 2:

    sua a publicis consiliis,

    Liv. 4, 57:

    haec a probris ac sceleribus ejus,

    Suet. Ner. 19 et saep.:

    cur me a ceteris clarissimis viris in hoc officio secernas,

    Cic. Sull. 1, 3:

    publica privatis, sacra profanis,

    Hor. A. P. 397.—
    B.
    To distinguish, discern:

    blandum amicum a vero,

    Cic. Lael. 25, 95:

    non satis acute, quae sunt secernenda, distinguit,

    id. Top. 7, 31:

    nec natura potest justo secernere iniquum, Dividit ut bona diversis, fugienda petendis,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 113:

    turpi honestum,

    id. ib. 1, 6, 63.—
    C.
    To set aside, reject:

    cum reus frugalissimum quemque secerneret,

    Cic. Att. 1, 16, 3:

    minus idoneos senatores,

    Suet. Vit. 2.—Hence, sēcrē-tus, a, um, P. a., severed, separated; hence, separate, apart (as an adj. not freq. till after the Aug. period; not in Cic.; syn.: sejunctus, seclusus).
    A.
    In gen.:

    ne ducem suum, neve secretum imperium propriave signa haberent, miscuit manipulos, etc.,

    Liv. 1, 52:

    electa (uva defertur) in secretam corbulam,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2:

    arva,

    Verg. A. 6, 478; Varr. L. L. 9, § 57 Müll.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Of places or things pertaining to them, out of the way, retired, remote, lonely, solitary, secret (syn.:

    solus, remotus, arcanus): secreta petit loca, balnea vitat,

    Hor. A. P. 298:

    locus (opp. celeber),

    Quint. 11, 1, 47:

    montes,

    Ov. M. 11, 765:

    silva,

    id. ib. 7, 75:

    litora,

    id. ib. 12, 196:

    pars domus (the gynaeceum),

    id. ib. 2, 737; cf. in sup.:

    secretissimus locus (navis),

    Petr. 100, 6: vastum ubique silentium, secreti colles, solitary, i. e. abandoned, deserted by the enemy, = deserti, Tac. Agr. 38:

    iter (with semita),

    solitary, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 103; cf.

    quies,

    Mart. 7, 32, 4.—Of persons and transactions, private, secret:

    invadit secretissimos tumultus,

    Sen. Ep. 91, 5:

    vacuis porticibus secretus agitat,

    Tac. A. 11, 21:

    est aliquis ex secretis studiis fructus,

    private studies, Quint. 2, 18, 4; so,

    studia (opp. forum),

    id. 12, 6, 4:

    disputationes,

    id. 12, 2, 7:

    contentio,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 4 et saep. —Hence,
    b.
    Subst.: sēcrētum, i, n., retirement, solitude, secrecy; a solitude, solitary place, retreat (syn.: solitudo, secessus); sing.:

    cum stilus secreto gaudeat atque omnes arbitros reformidet,

    Quint. 10, 7, 16:

    secreti longi causā,

    Ov. H. 21, 21:

    altum abditumque secretum, Phn. Ep. 2, 17, 22: dulce,

    id. ib. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 30; 12, 5, 2; Tac. A. 4, 57; 14, 53; id. Agr. 39 fin.; Phaedr. 3, 10, 11; 4, 23, 6; Luc. 3, 314.— Plur.:

    se a vulgo et scaenā in secreta removere,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 71:

    horrendaeque procul secreta Sibyllae,

    Verg. A. 6, 10; Ov. M. 1, 594; Tac. H. 3, 63; Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    dulcis secretorum comes (eloquentia),

    id. 1, 4, 5:

    cameli solitudines aut secreta certe petunt,

    Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 173.— Comp.:

    haec pars Suevorum in secretiora Germaniae porrigitur,

    into the more remote parts, Tac. G. 41. —
    (β).
    Absol.: in secreto, in a secret place, secretly:

    tempus in secreto lbi tereret,

    Liv. 26, 19, 5:

    reus in secreto agebatur,

    Curt. 10, 4, 29.—
    2.
    That is removed from acquaintance (cf. abditus), hidden, concealed, secret:

    secreta ducis pectora,

    Mart. 5, 5, 4:

    secretas advocat artes,

    Ov. M. 7, 138:

    ars,

    Petr. 3:

    litterae (with familiares),

    Quint. 1, 1, 29:

    carmina (the Sibylline odes),

    Luc. 1, 599:

    libidines,

    Tac. A. 1, 4 fin.:

    quaedam imperii pignora,

    Flor. 1, 2, 3.—With ab:

    nec quicquam secretum alter ab altero haberent,

    Liv. 39, 10, 1.— Comp.:

    libertus ex secretioribus ministeriis,

    Tac. Agr. 40:

    praemia (opp. publica largitio),

    id. H. 1, 24:

    aliud (nomen),

    Quint. 1, 4, 25:

    vitium stomachi,

    Mart. 3, 77, 9.— Poet. for the adv. secreto:

    tu (Anna) secreta pyram tecto interiore Erige,

    in secret, secretly, Verg. A. 4, 494; cf.:

    stridere secreta divisos aure susurros,

    secretly in each one's ear, Hor. S. 2, 8, 78.—Hence,
    b.
    Subst.: sēcrētum, i, n., something secret, secret conversation; a mystery, secret:

    secretum petenti non nisi adhibito filio dedit,

    Suet. Tib. 25 fin.; id. Calig. 23:

    illuc me persecutus secretum petit,

    a secret interview, Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 11:

    petito secreto futura aperit,

    Tac. H. 2, 4.— Piur.:

    crebra cum amicis secreta habere,

    Tac. A. 13, 18:

    animi secreta proferuntur,

    Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 141:

    nulla lex jubet amicorum secreta non eloqui,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 21, 1:

    omnium secreta rimari,

    Tac. A. 6, 3:

    horribile secretum,

    Petr. 21, 3; Tac. H. 1, 17 fin.; id. Agr. 25; Suet. Aug. 66:

    uxor omnis secreti capacissima,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 7; Quint. 12, 9, 5 al.—Concr.:

    lucos ac nemora consecrant deorumque nominibus appellant secretum illud, quod solā reverentiā vident,

    that mysterious being, Tac. G. 9 fin.—Plur.:

    introitus, aperta, secreta velut in annales referebat,

    Tac. A. 4, 67; cf.:

    gens non astuta aperit adhuc secreta pectoris licentia joci,

    id. G. 22:

    oratio animi secreta detegit,

    Quint. 11, 1, 30; Tac. A. 1, 6; 4, 7 fin.; 6, 3; id. G. 19; Plin. Pan. 68, 6; Suet. Tib. 52; id. Oth. 3 et saep.—Concr.:

    (Minerva) hanc legem dederat, sua ne secreta viderent,

    i. e. the mysteries, Ov. M. 2, 556; 2, 749; cf.:

    secretiora quaedam,

    magic arts, Amm. 14, 6, 14:

    in secretis ejus reperti sunt duo libelli,

    among his private papers, Suet. Calig. 49.—
    3.
    Pregn., separate from what is common, i. e. uncommon, rare, recondite (perh. only in the two foll. passages of Quint.):

    (figurae) secretae et extra vulgarem usum positae, etc.,

    Quint. 9, 3, 5: interpretatio linguae secretioris, quas Graeci glôssas vocant, i. e. of the more uncommon words, id. 1, 1, 35 (for which:

    glossemata id est voces minus usitatas,

    id. 1, 8, 15).—
    4.
    In Lucr., of any thing separated from what belongs to it, i. e. wanting, deprived of, without something; with abl. or gen.:

    nec porro secreta cibo natura animantum Propagare genus possit (corresp. to sine imbribus),

    Lucr. 1, 194:

    (corpora) secreta teporis Sunt ac frigoris omnino calidique vaporis (corresp. to spoliata colore),

    id. 2, 843. —Hence, adv., in three forms: secreto (class.), secrete (post-class.), and secretim (late Lat. and very rare).
    * 1.
    (Acc. to A.) Apart, by itself, separately:

    de quibus (hortis) suo loco dicam secretius,

    Col. 11, 2, 25. —
    2.
    (Acc. to B. 2.) In secret, secretly; without witnesses; in private.
    (α).
    sēcrē-tō:

    mirum, quid solus secum secreto ille agat,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 73:

    secreto illum adjutabo,

    id. Truc. 2, 7, 7:

    secreto hoc audi,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 25, 2:

    nescio quid secreto velle loqui te Aiebas mecum,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 67:

    secreto te huc seduxi,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 14:

    facere,

    id. Bacch. 5, 2, 30; 5, 2, 35; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 100; id. Att. 7, 8, 4; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4:

    secreto ab aliis,

    Liv. 3, 36:

    secreto agere cum aliquo,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 1; Quint. 5, 13, 16; 9, 2, 79; Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 8; Curt. 7, 2, 13.—
    (β).
    sēcrētē, Tert. Or. 1 med.; id. Pall. 4 fin.
    b.
    Comp.:

    secretius emittitur inflatio,

    Sen. Q. N. 5, 4, 1. —
    (γ).
    sēcrētim, Amm. 29, 1, 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > secerno

  • 48 secretum

    sē-cerno, crēvi, crētum, 3 (old inf. secernier, Lucr. 3, 263), v. a.
    I.
    Lit., to put apart, to sunder, sever, separate (freq. and class.; not in Cæs.; cf.: sepono, sejungo, secludo); constr. with simple acc., or with ab aliquā re; less freq. ex aliquā re; poet. with abl.
    (α).
    With simple acc.:

    quae non animalia solum Corpora sejungunt, sed terras ac mare totum Secernunt,

    Lucr. 2, 729:

    seorsum partem utramque,

    id. 3, 637:

    arietes, quibus sis usurus ad feturam, bimestri tempore ante secernendum,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 13 (cf. infra, b):

    stamen secernit harundo,

    Ov. M. 6, 55:

    sparsos sine ordine flores Secernunt calathis,

    separate in baskets, id. ib. 14, 267:

    nihil (praedae) in publicum secernendo augenti rem privatam militi favit,

    setting apart for the public treasury, Liv. 7, 16; cf.:

    Juppiter illa piae secrevit litora genti,

    hath set apart for the pious race, Hor. Epod. 16, 63:

    inde pares centum denos secrevit in orbes Romulus,

    separated, divided, Ov. F. 3, 127.—
    (β).
    With ab or (less freq.) with ex, and poet. with abl.:

    a terris altum secernere caelum,

    Lucr. 5, 446:

    ab aëre caelum,

    Ov. M. 1, 23:

    Europen ab Afro (medius liquor),

    Hor. C. 3, 3, 47:

    muro denique secernantur a nobis,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 32:

    inermes ab armatis,

    Liv. 41, 3:

    militem a populo (in spectaculis),

    Suet. Aug. 44:

    se a bonis,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 32; cf.:

    se ab Etruscis,

    Liv. 6, 10.—In the part. perf.:

    antequam incipiat admissura fieri, mares a feminis secretos habeant,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 18 (cf. supra, a); so,

    saepta ab aliis,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8:

    manus a nobis,

    Lucr. 2, 912; 3, 552:

    sphaera ab aethereā conjunctione,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

    sucus a reliquo cibo,

    id. ib. 2, 55, 137:

    bilis ab eo cibo,

    id. ib. al.:

    secreti ab aliis ad tribunos adducuntur,

    Liv. 6, 25; 25, 30:

    secretis alterius ab altero criminibus,

    id. 40, 8 fin.; 39, 10:

    se e grege imperatorum,

    id. 35, 14 fin.:

    unum e praetextatis compluribus,

    Suet. Aug. 94 med.:

    monile ex omni gazā,

    id. Galb. 18:

    me gelidum nemus Nympharumque leves chori Secernunt populo,

    separate, distinguish, Hor. C. 1, 1, 32.—
    II.
    Trop., to separate, disjoin, part, dissociate (syn.: internosco, distinguo).
    (α).
    With simple acc.:

    hosce ego homines excipio et secerno libenter,

    set apart, Cic. Cat. 4, 7, 15.—
    (β).
    With ab, or poet. with abl.: ut venustas et pulchritudo corporis secerni non potest a valetudine;

    sic, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 95:

    animum a corpore,

    id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

    tertium genus (laudationum) a praeceptis nostris,

    id. de Or. 2, 84, 341; cf.:

    ipsam pronuntiationem ab oratore,

    Quint. 1, 11, 17: dicendi facultatem a majore vitae laude, id. 2, 15, 2:

    sua a publicis consiliis,

    Liv. 4, 57:

    haec a probris ac sceleribus ejus,

    Suet. Ner. 19 et saep.:

    cur me a ceteris clarissimis viris in hoc officio secernas,

    Cic. Sull. 1, 3:

    publica privatis, sacra profanis,

    Hor. A. P. 397.—
    B.
    To distinguish, discern:

    blandum amicum a vero,

    Cic. Lael. 25, 95:

    non satis acute, quae sunt secernenda, distinguit,

    id. Top. 7, 31:

    nec natura potest justo secernere iniquum, Dividit ut bona diversis, fugienda petendis,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 113:

    turpi honestum,

    id. ib. 1, 6, 63.—
    C.
    To set aside, reject:

    cum reus frugalissimum quemque secerneret,

    Cic. Att. 1, 16, 3:

    minus idoneos senatores,

    Suet. Vit. 2.—Hence, sēcrē-tus, a, um, P. a., severed, separated; hence, separate, apart (as an adj. not freq. till after the Aug. period; not in Cic.; syn.: sejunctus, seclusus).
    A.
    In gen.:

    ne ducem suum, neve secretum imperium propriave signa haberent, miscuit manipulos, etc.,

    Liv. 1, 52:

    electa (uva defertur) in secretam corbulam,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2:

    arva,

    Verg. A. 6, 478; Varr. L. L. 9, § 57 Müll.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Of places or things pertaining to them, out of the way, retired, remote, lonely, solitary, secret (syn.:

    solus, remotus, arcanus): secreta petit loca, balnea vitat,

    Hor. A. P. 298:

    locus (opp. celeber),

    Quint. 11, 1, 47:

    montes,

    Ov. M. 11, 765:

    silva,

    id. ib. 7, 75:

    litora,

    id. ib. 12, 196:

    pars domus (the gynaeceum),

    id. ib. 2, 737; cf. in sup.:

    secretissimus locus (navis),

    Petr. 100, 6: vastum ubique silentium, secreti colles, solitary, i. e. abandoned, deserted by the enemy, = deserti, Tac. Agr. 38:

    iter (with semita),

    solitary, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 103; cf.

    quies,

    Mart. 7, 32, 4.—Of persons and transactions, private, secret:

    invadit secretissimos tumultus,

    Sen. Ep. 91, 5:

    vacuis porticibus secretus agitat,

    Tac. A. 11, 21:

    est aliquis ex secretis studiis fructus,

    private studies, Quint. 2, 18, 4; so,

    studia (opp. forum),

    id. 12, 6, 4:

    disputationes,

    id. 12, 2, 7:

    contentio,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 4 et saep. —Hence,
    b.
    Subst.: sēcrētum, i, n., retirement, solitude, secrecy; a solitude, solitary place, retreat (syn.: solitudo, secessus); sing.:

    cum stilus secreto gaudeat atque omnes arbitros reformidet,

    Quint. 10, 7, 16:

    secreti longi causā,

    Ov. H. 21, 21:

    altum abditumque secretum, Phn. Ep. 2, 17, 22: dulce,

    id. ib. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 30; 12, 5, 2; Tac. A. 4, 57; 14, 53; id. Agr. 39 fin.; Phaedr. 3, 10, 11; 4, 23, 6; Luc. 3, 314.— Plur.:

    se a vulgo et scaenā in secreta removere,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 71:

    horrendaeque procul secreta Sibyllae,

    Verg. A. 6, 10; Ov. M. 1, 594; Tac. H. 3, 63; Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    dulcis secretorum comes (eloquentia),

    id. 1, 4, 5:

    cameli solitudines aut secreta certe petunt,

    Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 173.— Comp.:

    haec pars Suevorum in secretiora Germaniae porrigitur,

    into the more remote parts, Tac. G. 41. —
    (β).
    Absol.: in secreto, in a secret place, secretly:

    tempus in secreto lbi tereret,

    Liv. 26, 19, 5:

    reus in secreto agebatur,

    Curt. 10, 4, 29.—
    2.
    That is removed from acquaintance (cf. abditus), hidden, concealed, secret:

    secreta ducis pectora,

    Mart. 5, 5, 4:

    secretas advocat artes,

    Ov. M. 7, 138:

    ars,

    Petr. 3:

    litterae (with familiares),

    Quint. 1, 1, 29:

    carmina (the Sibylline odes),

    Luc. 1, 599:

    libidines,

    Tac. A. 1, 4 fin.:

    quaedam imperii pignora,

    Flor. 1, 2, 3.—With ab:

    nec quicquam secretum alter ab altero haberent,

    Liv. 39, 10, 1.— Comp.:

    libertus ex secretioribus ministeriis,

    Tac. Agr. 40:

    praemia (opp. publica largitio),

    id. H. 1, 24:

    aliud (nomen),

    Quint. 1, 4, 25:

    vitium stomachi,

    Mart. 3, 77, 9.— Poet. for the adv. secreto:

    tu (Anna) secreta pyram tecto interiore Erige,

    in secret, secretly, Verg. A. 4, 494; cf.:

    stridere secreta divisos aure susurros,

    secretly in each one's ear, Hor. S. 2, 8, 78.—Hence,
    b.
    Subst.: sēcrētum, i, n., something secret, secret conversation; a mystery, secret:

    secretum petenti non nisi adhibito filio dedit,

    Suet. Tib. 25 fin.; id. Calig. 23:

    illuc me persecutus secretum petit,

    a secret interview, Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 11:

    petito secreto futura aperit,

    Tac. H. 2, 4.— Piur.:

    crebra cum amicis secreta habere,

    Tac. A. 13, 18:

    animi secreta proferuntur,

    Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 141:

    nulla lex jubet amicorum secreta non eloqui,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 21, 1:

    omnium secreta rimari,

    Tac. A. 6, 3:

    horribile secretum,

    Petr. 21, 3; Tac. H. 1, 17 fin.; id. Agr. 25; Suet. Aug. 66:

    uxor omnis secreti capacissima,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 7; Quint. 12, 9, 5 al.—Concr.:

    lucos ac nemora consecrant deorumque nominibus appellant secretum illud, quod solā reverentiā vident,

    that mysterious being, Tac. G. 9 fin.—Plur.:

    introitus, aperta, secreta velut in annales referebat,

    Tac. A. 4, 67; cf.:

    gens non astuta aperit adhuc secreta pectoris licentia joci,

    id. G. 22:

    oratio animi secreta detegit,

    Quint. 11, 1, 30; Tac. A. 1, 6; 4, 7 fin.; 6, 3; id. G. 19; Plin. Pan. 68, 6; Suet. Tib. 52; id. Oth. 3 et saep.—Concr.:

    (Minerva) hanc legem dederat, sua ne secreta viderent,

    i. e. the mysteries, Ov. M. 2, 556; 2, 749; cf.:

    secretiora quaedam,

    magic arts, Amm. 14, 6, 14:

    in secretis ejus reperti sunt duo libelli,

    among his private papers, Suet. Calig. 49.—
    3.
    Pregn., separate from what is common, i. e. uncommon, rare, recondite (perh. only in the two foll. passages of Quint.):

    (figurae) secretae et extra vulgarem usum positae, etc.,

    Quint. 9, 3, 5: interpretatio linguae secretioris, quas Graeci glôssas vocant, i. e. of the more uncommon words, id. 1, 1, 35 (for which:

    glossemata id est voces minus usitatas,

    id. 1, 8, 15).—
    4.
    In Lucr., of any thing separated from what belongs to it, i. e. wanting, deprived of, without something; with abl. or gen.:

    nec porro secreta cibo natura animantum Propagare genus possit (corresp. to sine imbribus),

    Lucr. 1, 194:

    (corpora) secreta teporis Sunt ac frigoris omnino calidique vaporis (corresp. to spoliata colore),

    id. 2, 843. —Hence, adv., in three forms: secreto (class.), secrete (post-class.), and secretim (late Lat. and very rare).
    * 1.
    (Acc. to A.) Apart, by itself, separately:

    de quibus (hortis) suo loco dicam secretius,

    Col. 11, 2, 25. —
    2.
    (Acc. to B. 2.) In secret, secretly; without witnesses; in private.
    (α).
    sēcrē-tō:

    mirum, quid solus secum secreto ille agat,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 73:

    secreto illum adjutabo,

    id. Truc. 2, 7, 7:

    secreto hoc audi,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 25, 2:

    nescio quid secreto velle loqui te Aiebas mecum,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 67:

    secreto te huc seduxi,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 14:

    facere,

    id. Bacch. 5, 2, 30; 5, 2, 35; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 100; id. Att. 7, 8, 4; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4:

    secreto ab aliis,

    Liv. 3, 36:

    secreto agere cum aliquo,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 1; Quint. 5, 13, 16; 9, 2, 79; Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 8; Curt. 7, 2, 13.—
    (β).
    sēcrētē, Tert. Or. 1 med.; id. Pall. 4 fin.
    b.
    Comp.:

    secretius emittitur inflatio,

    Sen. Q. N. 5, 4, 1. —
    (γ).
    sēcrētim, Amm. 29, 1, 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > secretum

  • 49 securiter

    sē-cūrus, a, um, adj. [se = sine and cura], i. q. non or nibil curans, free from care, careless, unconcerned, untroubled, fearless, quiet, easy, composed.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In a good sense (class.; cf. tutus); constr. absol., with de, ab, gen., or a rel.-clause:

    ut, meis ab tergo tutis, securus bellum Nabidi inferam,

    Liv. 31, 25:

    securus solutusque,

    id. 25, 39;

    (with otiosus),

    Quint. 5, 13, 59:

    securus Hermippus Temnum proficiscitur,

    Cic. Fl. 20, 46:

    sine militis usu Mollia securae peragebant otia gentes,

    Ov. M. 1, 100; 11, 423; 12, 129:

    non secura quidem, fausto tamen omine laeta Mater abit templo,

    id. ib. 9, 784; cf.:

    a non securo Eumene,

    Liv. 45, 19:

    Ceres natā secura receptā,

    easy now that she had found, Ov. M. 5, 572; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 77 (v. infra, b.):

    de linguā Latinā securi es animi,

    Cic. Att. 12, 52 fin.:

    de bello Romano,

    Liv. 36, 41:

    de facilitate credentis,

    Tac. A. 16, 2: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 8; Curt. 9, 6, 24; so,

    ab hac parte,

    Suet. Tib. 11.— Comp.:

    securior ab Samnitibus,

    Liv. 9, 22:

    Romani securi pro salute de gloriā certabant,

    Tac. Agr. 26:

    aut pro vobis sollicitior, aut pro me securior,

    id. H. 4, 58.— With gen. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    ne sis secura futuri,

    Ov. M. 6, 137; so, suis ( gen. of sus), id. ib. 7, 435:

    extremi sepulcri,

    Stat. Th. 12, 781:

    pelagi atque mei,

    unconcerned about, Verg. A. 7, 304:

    amorum germanae,

    id. ib. 1, 350;

    10, 326: poenae,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 17:

    tam parvae observationis (Cicero),

    Quint. 8, 3, 51:

    odii,

    Tac. Agr. 43:

    potentiae,

    id. A. 3, 28:

    nec securam incrementi sui patiebatur esse Italiam,

    Vell. 2, 109, 4:

    qui (motus) Campaniam numquam securam hujus mali...vastavit,

    Sen. Q. N. 6, 1, 2:

    quem (rogum) uxoria pietas mortis secura conscendit,

    Val. Max. 2, 6, ext. 14:

    his persuadet, ut securo fugae suae Eumeni superveniant,

    Just. 13, 8, 5:

    periculi,

    Curt. 5, 10, 15:

    discurrunt securi casus ejus, qui supervenit ignaris,

    id. 9, 9, 8 (v. infra, b.). —With rel.-clause:

    gestit nummum in loculos demittere, post hoc Securus, cadat an recto stet fabula talo,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 176; id. S. 2, 4, 50 (opp. laboret); id. C. 1, 26, 6.— With ne and subj.:

    ne quis etiam errore labatur vestrum quoque, non sum securus,

    Liv. 39, 16, 6.—
    b.
    Of inanim. things.
    (α).
    Free from care, untroubled, tranquil, serene, cheerful, bright ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    deos securum agere aevum,

    Lucr. 5, 82; 6, 58; Hor. S. 1, 5, 101:

    quies (leti),

    Lucr. 3, 211; 3, 939:

    otia,

    Verg. G. 3, 376:

    dies,

    Tib. 3, 4, 54:

    merum,

    id. 2, 1, 46:

    mensa,

    id. 3, 6, 30:

    convivia,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 26:

    artus (Herculis),

    Ov. M. 9, 240:

    gaudia nato recepto,

    id. ib. 7, 455:

    summa malorum,

    careless, id. ib. 14, 490:

    olus,

    i.e. of the careless idler, Hor. S. 2, 7, 30 et saep.; Quint. 10, 5, 8:

    causae,

    id. 11, 3, 151:

    vox securae claritatis,

    id. 11, 3, 64:

    tempus securius,

    more free from care, id. 12, 1, 20; cf.:

    securior materia,

    Tac. H. 1, 1 et saep.:

    securos ab eo metu somnos,

    Plin. 28, 9, 42, § 149. —With gen.:

    vota secura repulsae,

    safe against, Ov. M. 12, 199.—
    (β).
    Poet., that frees from care or anxiety:

    latices,

    Verg. A. 6, 715 (securos ab effectu, Serv. ad l. l.).—
    B.
    In a bad sense, careless, reckless, heedless, negligent (post-Aug. and very rare):

    reus,

    Quint. 6, 1, 14; cf. id. 4, 2, 55; 11, 3, 3.—Of abstract things: castrensis jurisdictio, easy, off-hand (shortly after, opp. gravis, intentus), Tac. Agr. 9:

    luxus,

    id. A. 3, 54.—
    II.
    Transf., object., of a thing or place, free from danger, safe, secure (not till after the Aug. period, and rare for the class. tutus):

    hostis levis et velox et repentinus, qui nullum usquam tempus, nullum locum quietum aut securum esse sineret,

    Liv. 39, 1:

    domus,

    Plin. Pan. 62, 7:

    Tripolim securissimam reddidit,

    Spart. Sev. 18:

    securiorem,

    Tac. Or. 3:

    quorum (hominum) ea natura est, ut secura velint,

    safety, security, id. ib. 37 fin. —With gen.:

    subitā inundatione Tiberis non modo jacentia et plana urbis loca sed secura ejusmodi casuum implevit,

    secure from such accidents, Tac. H. 1, 86.— Adv., in two forms,
    A. 1.
    (Acc. to I.) Carelessly, heedlessly, fearlessly, unconcernedly, quietly (not ante-Aug.):

    lente ac secure aliquid ferre,

    Suet. Ner. 40; Plin. Ep. 1, 4, 3 (with neglegenter); Vell. 2, 129, 3; Val. Max. 4, 7, 1 ext. al.— Comp., Sen. Ep. 18, 8.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II.) Safely, securely, Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 6.—
    B.
    sēcūrĭter (late Lat.), Aug. in Joan. Ep. ad Parth. Tr. 10, 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > securiter

  • 50 securus

    sē-cūrus, a, um, adj. [se = sine and cura], i. q. non or nibil curans, free from care, careless, unconcerned, untroubled, fearless, quiet, easy, composed.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In a good sense (class.; cf. tutus); constr. absol., with de, ab, gen., or a rel.-clause:

    ut, meis ab tergo tutis, securus bellum Nabidi inferam,

    Liv. 31, 25:

    securus solutusque,

    id. 25, 39;

    (with otiosus),

    Quint. 5, 13, 59:

    securus Hermippus Temnum proficiscitur,

    Cic. Fl. 20, 46:

    sine militis usu Mollia securae peragebant otia gentes,

    Ov. M. 1, 100; 11, 423; 12, 129:

    non secura quidem, fausto tamen omine laeta Mater abit templo,

    id. ib. 9, 784; cf.:

    a non securo Eumene,

    Liv. 45, 19:

    Ceres natā secura receptā,

    easy now that she had found, Ov. M. 5, 572; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 77 (v. infra, b.):

    de linguā Latinā securi es animi,

    Cic. Att. 12, 52 fin.:

    de bello Romano,

    Liv. 36, 41:

    de facilitate credentis,

    Tac. A. 16, 2: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 8; Curt. 9, 6, 24; so,

    ab hac parte,

    Suet. Tib. 11.— Comp.:

    securior ab Samnitibus,

    Liv. 9, 22:

    Romani securi pro salute de gloriā certabant,

    Tac. Agr. 26:

    aut pro vobis sollicitior, aut pro me securior,

    id. H. 4, 58.— With gen. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    ne sis secura futuri,

    Ov. M. 6, 137; so, suis ( gen. of sus), id. ib. 7, 435:

    extremi sepulcri,

    Stat. Th. 12, 781:

    pelagi atque mei,

    unconcerned about, Verg. A. 7, 304:

    amorum germanae,

    id. ib. 1, 350;

    10, 326: poenae,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 17:

    tam parvae observationis (Cicero),

    Quint. 8, 3, 51:

    odii,

    Tac. Agr. 43:

    potentiae,

    id. A. 3, 28:

    nec securam incrementi sui patiebatur esse Italiam,

    Vell. 2, 109, 4:

    qui (motus) Campaniam numquam securam hujus mali...vastavit,

    Sen. Q. N. 6, 1, 2:

    quem (rogum) uxoria pietas mortis secura conscendit,

    Val. Max. 2, 6, ext. 14:

    his persuadet, ut securo fugae suae Eumeni superveniant,

    Just. 13, 8, 5:

    periculi,

    Curt. 5, 10, 15:

    discurrunt securi casus ejus, qui supervenit ignaris,

    id. 9, 9, 8 (v. infra, b.). —With rel.-clause:

    gestit nummum in loculos demittere, post hoc Securus, cadat an recto stet fabula talo,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 176; id. S. 2, 4, 50 (opp. laboret); id. C. 1, 26, 6.— With ne and subj.:

    ne quis etiam errore labatur vestrum quoque, non sum securus,

    Liv. 39, 16, 6.—
    b.
    Of inanim. things.
    (α).
    Free from care, untroubled, tranquil, serene, cheerful, bright ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    deos securum agere aevum,

    Lucr. 5, 82; 6, 58; Hor. S. 1, 5, 101:

    quies (leti),

    Lucr. 3, 211; 3, 939:

    otia,

    Verg. G. 3, 376:

    dies,

    Tib. 3, 4, 54:

    merum,

    id. 2, 1, 46:

    mensa,

    id. 3, 6, 30:

    convivia,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 26:

    artus (Herculis),

    Ov. M. 9, 240:

    gaudia nato recepto,

    id. ib. 7, 455:

    summa malorum,

    careless, id. ib. 14, 490:

    olus,

    i.e. of the careless idler, Hor. S. 2, 7, 30 et saep.; Quint. 10, 5, 8:

    causae,

    id. 11, 3, 151:

    vox securae claritatis,

    id. 11, 3, 64:

    tempus securius,

    more free from care, id. 12, 1, 20; cf.:

    securior materia,

    Tac. H. 1, 1 et saep.:

    securos ab eo metu somnos,

    Plin. 28, 9, 42, § 149. —With gen.:

    vota secura repulsae,

    safe against, Ov. M. 12, 199.—
    (β).
    Poet., that frees from care or anxiety:

    latices,

    Verg. A. 6, 715 (securos ab effectu, Serv. ad l. l.).—
    B.
    In a bad sense, careless, reckless, heedless, negligent (post-Aug. and very rare):

    reus,

    Quint. 6, 1, 14; cf. id. 4, 2, 55; 11, 3, 3.—Of abstract things: castrensis jurisdictio, easy, off-hand (shortly after, opp. gravis, intentus), Tac. Agr. 9:

    luxus,

    id. A. 3, 54.—
    II.
    Transf., object., of a thing or place, free from danger, safe, secure (not till after the Aug. period, and rare for the class. tutus):

    hostis levis et velox et repentinus, qui nullum usquam tempus, nullum locum quietum aut securum esse sineret,

    Liv. 39, 1:

    domus,

    Plin. Pan. 62, 7:

    Tripolim securissimam reddidit,

    Spart. Sev. 18:

    securiorem,

    Tac. Or. 3:

    quorum (hominum) ea natura est, ut secura velint,

    safety, security, id. ib. 37 fin. —With gen.:

    subitā inundatione Tiberis non modo jacentia et plana urbis loca sed secura ejusmodi casuum implevit,

    secure from such accidents, Tac. H. 1, 86.— Adv., in two forms,
    A. 1.
    (Acc. to I.) Carelessly, heedlessly, fearlessly, unconcernedly, quietly (not ante-Aug.):

    lente ac secure aliquid ferre,

    Suet. Ner. 40; Plin. Ep. 1, 4, 3 (with neglegenter); Vell. 2, 129, 3; Val. Max. 4, 7, 1 ext. al.— Comp., Sen. Ep. 18, 8.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II.) Safely, securely, Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 6.—
    B.
    sēcūrĭter (late Lat.), Aug. in Joan. Ep. ad Parth. Tr. 10, 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > securus

  • 51 solemn

    sollemnis (less correctly sōlemnis, sollennis, sōlennis, sollempnis), e, adj. [sollus, i. e. totus-annus], prop. that takes place every year; in relig. lang. of solemnities, yearly, annual; hence, in gen.,
    I.
    Lit., stated, established, appointed:

    sollemne, quod omnibus annis praestari debet,

    Fest. p. 298 Müll. (cf. anniversarius):

    sollemnia sacra dicuntur, quae certis temporibus annisque fleri solent,

    id. p. 344 ib.: sacra stata, sollemnia, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. stata, p. 344 ib.; so,

    ad sollemne et statum sacrificium curru vehi,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 113 (v. sisto, P. a.):

    sacra,

    id. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    sacrificia,

    id. N. D. 1, 6, 14; id. Leg. 2, 14, 35; Liv. 1, 31:

    dies festi atque sollemnes,

    Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

    ab Aequis statum jam ac prope sollemne in singulos annos bellum timebatur,

    Liv. 3, 15:

    Idus Maiae sollemnes ineundis magistratibus erant,

    id. 3, 36:

    sollemnis dapes Libare,

    Verg. A. 3, 301:

    caerimoniae,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., according as the idea of the religious or that of the established, stated nature of the thing qualified predominates.
    A.
    With the idea of its religious character predominating, religious, festive, solemn:

    suscipiendaque curarit sollemnia sacra,

    Lucr. 5, 1162:

    sollemni more sacrorum,

    id. 1, 96:

    religiones,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

    iter ad flaminem,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    epulae,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ludi,

    id. Leg. 3, 3, 7; cf.:

    coetus ludorum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 186:

    precatio comitiorum,

    id. Mur. 1, 1:

    omnia sollemnibus verbis dicere,

    id. Dom. 47, 122:

    sicuti in sollemnibus sacris fleri consuevit,

    Sall. C. 22, 2:

    sollemnia vota Reddere,

    Verg. E. 5, 74:

    ferre sollemnia dona,

    id. A. 9, 626:

    sollemnis ducere pompas,

    id. G. 3, 22:

    sollemnis mactare ad aras,

    id. A. 2, 202:

    dies jure sollemnis mihi, sanctiorque natali,

    Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

    fax,

    Ov. M. 7, 49:

    sollemni voce movere preces,

    id. F. 6, 622:

    ignis,

    id. Tr. 3, 13, 16:

    festum sollemne parare,

    id. F. 2, 247:

    sollemnes ludos celebrare,

    id. ib. 5, 597:

    habitus,

    Liv. 37, 9:

    carmen,

    id. 33, 31:

    epulae,

    Tac. A. 1, 50:

    sacramentum,

    id. H. 1, 55:

    nullum esse officium tam sanctum atque sollemne, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 26.— Comp.:

    dies baptismo sollemnior,

    Tert. Bapt. 19.— Sup.:

    die tibi sollemnissimo natali meo,

    Front. Ep. ad Anton. 1, 2:

    preces,

    App. M. 11, p. 264.—
    b.
    As subst.: sollemne, is, n., a religious or solemn rite, ceremony, feast, sacrifice, solemn games, a festival, solemnity, etc. (so perh. not in Cic.); sing.:

    inter publicum sollemne sponsalibus rite factis,

    Liv. 38, 57:

    sollemne clavi figendi,

    id. 7, 3 fin.:

    soli Fidei sollemne instituit,

    id. 1, 21; cf. id. 9, 34:

    sollemne allatum ex Arcadiā,

    festal games, id. 1, 5; cf. id. 1, 9:

    Claudio funeris sollemne perinde ac divo Augusto celebratur,

    Tac. A. 12, 69; cf. plur. infra:

    per sollemne nuptiarum,

    Suet. Ner. 28; cf. infra.— Plur.:

    sollemnia (Isidis),

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 1:

    ejus sacri,

    Liv. 9, 29; cf. id. 2, 27:

    Quinquatruum,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    triumphi,

    id. ib. 2:

    nuptiarum,

    Tac. A. 11, 26 fin.:

    funerum,

    id. ib. 3, 6:

    tumulo sollemnia mittent,

    Verg. A. 6, 380:

    referunt,

    id. ib. 5, 605; cf. Stat. Th. 8, 208; Juv. 10, 259.—
    B.
    With the idea of stated, regular character predominant, wonted, common, usual, customary, ordinary (syn.: consuetus, solitus;

    freq. only after the Aug. period): prope sollemnis militum lascivia,

    Liv. 4, 53, 13:

    socer arma Latinus habeto, Imperium sollemne socer,

    Verg. A. 12, 193:

    arma,

    Stat. Th. 8, 174:

    cursus bigarum,

    Suet. Dom. 4:

    Romanis sollemne viris opus (venatio),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 49:

    mihi sollemnis debetur gloria,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 61:

    sufficit sollemnem numerum (testium) exaudire,

    Dig. 28, 1, 21:

    viā sollemni egressi,

    the public way, Amm. 20, 4, 9:

    Romae dulce diu fuit et sollemne, reclusa Mane domo vigilare,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 103:

    spectari sollemne olim erat,

    Suet. Aug. 44; Gell. 15, 2, 3:

    annua complere sollemnia,

    tribute, Amm. 22, 7, 10.—As subst.: sollemne, is, n., usage, custom, practice, etc.:

    nostrum illud sollemne servemus, ut, etc.,

    usual custom, practice, Cic. Att. 7, 6, 1:

    novae nuptae intrantes etiamnum sollemne habent postes adipe attingere,

    Plin. 28, 9, 37, § 135.— Plur.:

    mos traditus ab antiquis inter cetera sollemnia manet, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 14:

    proin repeterent sollemnia,

    their customary avocations, Tac. A. 3, 6 fin.:

    testamentum non jure factum dicitur, ubi sollemnia juris defuerunt,

    usages, customary formalities, Dig. 28, 3, 1:

    testamenti,

    ib. 28, 1, 20.—Adverb.:

    mutat quadrata rotundis: Insanire putas sollemnia me neque rides,

    in the common way, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 101. —Hence, adv.: sollemnĭter ( sollenn-, sōlemn-; very rare; not in Cic.).
    1.
    (Acc. to II. A. supra.) In a religious or solemn manner, solemnly, = rite:

    omnibus (sacris) sollemniter peractis,

    Liv. 5, 46: intermissum convivium sollemniter instituit, with pomp or splendor, Just. 12, 13, 6:

    lusus, quem sollemniter celebramus,

    App. M. 3, p. 134, 13.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II. B. supra.) According to custom, in the usual or customary manner, regularly, formally:

    (greges elephantorum) se purificantes sollemniter aquā circumspergi,

    Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 2:

    praebere hordeum pullis,

    Pall. 1, 28 fin.:

    jurare,

    Dig. 12, 2, 3:

    cavere,

    ib. 26, 7, 27:

    acta omnia,

    ib. 45, 1, 30:

    nullo sollemniter inquirente,

    Amm. 14, 7, 21:

    transmisso sollemniter Tigride,

    id. 20, 6, 1.— Comp. and sup. of adj. (late Lat.); v. supra, II. A. No comp. and sup. of adv.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > solemn

  • 52 sollemne

    sollemnis (less correctly sōlemnis, sollennis, sōlennis, sollempnis), e, adj. [sollus, i. e. totus-annus], prop. that takes place every year; in relig. lang. of solemnities, yearly, annual; hence, in gen.,
    I.
    Lit., stated, established, appointed:

    sollemne, quod omnibus annis praestari debet,

    Fest. p. 298 Müll. (cf. anniversarius):

    sollemnia sacra dicuntur, quae certis temporibus annisque fleri solent,

    id. p. 344 ib.: sacra stata, sollemnia, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. stata, p. 344 ib.; so,

    ad sollemne et statum sacrificium curru vehi,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 113 (v. sisto, P. a.):

    sacra,

    id. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    sacrificia,

    id. N. D. 1, 6, 14; id. Leg. 2, 14, 35; Liv. 1, 31:

    dies festi atque sollemnes,

    Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

    ab Aequis statum jam ac prope sollemne in singulos annos bellum timebatur,

    Liv. 3, 15:

    Idus Maiae sollemnes ineundis magistratibus erant,

    id. 3, 36:

    sollemnis dapes Libare,

    Verg. A. 3, 301:

    caerimoniae,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., according as the idea of the religious or that of the established, stated nature of the thing qualified predominates.
    A.
    With the idea of its religious character predominating, religious, festive, solemn:

    suscipiendaque curarit sollemnia sacra,

    Lucr. 5, 1162:

    sollemni more sacrorum,

    id. 1, 96:

    religiones,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

    iter ad flaminem,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    epulae,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ludi,

    id. Leg. 3, 3, 7; cf.:

    coetus ludorum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 186:

    precatio comitiorum,

    id. Mur. 1, 1:

    omnia sollemnibus verbis dicere,

    id. Dom. 47, 122:

    sicuti in sollemnibus sacris fleri consuevit,

    Sall. C. 22, 2:

    sollemnia vota Reddere,

    Verg. E. 5, 74:

    ferre sollemnia dona,

    id. A. 9, 626:

    sollemnis ducere pompas,

    id. G. 3, 22:

    sollemnis mactare ad aras,

    id. A. 2, 202:

    dies jure sollemnis mihi, sanctiorque natali,

    Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

    fax,

    Ov. M. 7, 49:

    sollemni voce movere preces,

    id. F. 6, 622:

    ignis,

    id. Tr. 3, 13, 16:

    festum sollemne parare,

    id. F. 2, 247:

    sollemnes ludos celebrare,

    id. ib. 5, 597:

    habitus,

    Liv. 37, 9:

    carmen,

    id. 33, 31:

    epulae,

    Tac. A. 1, 50:

    sacramentum,

    id. H. 1, 55:

    nullum esse officium tam sanctum atque sollemne, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 26.— Comp.:

    dies baptismo sollemnior,

    Tert. Bapt. 19.— Sup.:

    die tibi sollemnissimo natali meo,

    Front. Ep. ad Anton. 1, 2:

    preces,

    App. M. 11, p. 264.—
    b.
    As subst.: sollemne, is, n., a religious or solemn rite, ceremony, feast, sacrifice, solemn games, a festival, solemnity, etc. (so perh. not in Cic.); sing.:

    inter publicum sollemne sponsalibus rite factis,

    Liv. 38, 57:

    sollemne clavi figendi,

    id. 7, 3 fin.:

    soli Fidei sollemne instituit,

    id. 1, 21; cf. id. 9, 34:

    sollemne allatum ex Arcadiā,

    festal games, id. 1, 5; cf. id. 1, 9:

    Claudio funeris sollemne perinde ac divo Augusto celebratur,

    Tac. A. 12, 69; cf. plur. infra:

    per sollemne nuptiarum,

    Suet. Ner. 28; cf. infra.— Plur.:

    sollemnia (Isidis),

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 1:

    ejus sacri,

    Liv. 9, 29; cf. id. 2, 27:

    Quinquatruum,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    triumphi,

    id. ib. 2:

    nuptiarum,

    Tac. A. 11, 26 fin.:

    funerum,

    id. ib. 3, 6:

    tumulo sollemnia mittent,

    Verg. A. 6, 380:

    referunt,

    id. ib. 5, 605; cf. Stat. Th. 8, 208; Juv. 10, 259.—
    B.
    With the idea of stated, regular character predominant, wonted, common, usual, customary, ordinary (syn.: consuetus, solitus;

    freq. only after the Aug. period): prope sollemnis militum lascivia,

    Liv. 4, 53, 13:

    socer arma Latinus habeto, Imperium sollemne socer,

    Verg. A. 12, 193:

    arma,

    Stat. Th. 8, 174:

    cursus bigarum,

    Suet. Dom. 4:

    Romanis sollemne viris opus (venatio),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 49:

    mihi sollemnis debetur gloria,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 61:

    sufficit sollemnem numerum (testium) exaudire,

    Dig. 28, 1, 21:

    viā sollemni egressi,

    the public way, Amm. 20, 4, 9:

    Romae dulce diu fuit et sollemne, reclusa Mane domo vigilare,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 103:

    spectari sollemne olim erat,

    Suet. Aug. 44; Gell. 15, 2, 3:

    annua complere sollemnia,

    tribute, Amm. 22, 7, 10.—As subst.: sollemne, is, n., usage, custom, practice, etc.:

    nostrum illud sollemne servemus, ut, etc.,

    usual custom, practice, Cic. Att. 7, 6, 1:

    novae nuptae intrantes etiamnum sollemne habent postes adipe attingere,

    Plin. 28, 9, 37, § 135.— Plur.:

    mos traditus ab antiquis inter cetera sollemnia manet, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 14:

    proin repeterent sollemnia,

    their customary avocations, Tac. A. 3, 6 fin.:

    testamentum non jure factum dicitur, ubi sollemnia juris defuerunt,

    usages, customary formalities, Dig. 28, 3, 1:

    testamenti,

    ib. 28, 1, 20.—Adverb.:

    mutat quadrata rotundis: Insanire putas sollemnia me neque rides,

    in the common way, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 101. —Hence, adv.: sollemnĭter ( sollenn-, sōlemn-; very rare; not in Cic.).
    1.
    (Acc. to II. A. supra.) In a religious or solemn manner, solemnly, = rite:

    omnibus (sacris) sollemniter peractis,

    Liv. 5, 46: intermissum convivium sollemniter instituit, with pomp or splendor, Just. 12, 13, 6:

    lusus, quem sollemniter celebramus,

    App. M. 3, p. 134, 13.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II. B. supra.) According to custom, in the usual or customary manner, regularly, formally:

    (greges elephantorum) se purificantes sollemniter aquā circumspergi,

    Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 2:

    praebere hordeum pullis,

    Pall. 1, 28 fin.:

    jurare,

    Dig. 12, 2, 3:

    cavere,

    ib. 26, 7, 27:

    acta omnia,

    ib. 45, 1, 30:

    nullo sollemniter inquirente,

    Amm. 14, 7, 21:

    transmisso sollemniter Tigride,

    id. 20, 6, 1.— Comp. and sup. of adj. (late Lat.); v. supra, II. A. No comp. and sup. of adv.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sollemne

  • 53 sollemnis

    sollemnis (less correctly sōlemnis, sollennis, sōlennis, sollempnis), e, adj. [sollus, i. e. totus-annus], prop. that takes place every year; in relig. lang. of solemnities, yearly, annual; hence, in gen.,
    I.
    Lit., stated, established, appointed:

    sollemne, quod omnibus annis praestari debet,

    Fest. p. 298 Müll. (cf. anniversarius):

    sollemnia sacra dicuntur, quae certis temporibus annisque fleri solent,

    id. p. 344 ib.: sacra stata, sollemnia, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. stata, p. 344 ib.; so,

    ad sollemne et statum sacrificium curru vehi,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 113 (v. sisto, P. a.):

    sacra,

    id. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    sacrificia,

    id. N. D. 1, 6, 14; id. Leg. 2, 14, 35; Liv. 1, 31:

    dies festi atque sollemnes,

    Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

    ab Aequis statum jam ac prope sollemne in singulos annos bellum timebatur,

    Liv. 3, 15:

    Idus Maiae sollemnes ineundis magistratibus erant,

    id. 3, 36:

    sollemnis dapes Libare,

    Verg. A. 3, 301:

    caerimoniae,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., according as the idea of the religious or that of the established, stated nature of the thing qualified predominates.
    A.
    With the idea of its religious character predominating, religious, festive, solemn:

    suscipiendaque curarit sollemnia sacra,

    Lucr. 5, 1162:

    sollemni more sacrorum,

    id. 1, 96:

    religiones,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

    iter ad flaminem,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    epulae,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ludi,

    id. Leg. 3, 3, 7; cf.:

    coetus ludorum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 186:

    precatio comitiorum,

    id. Mur. 1, 1:

    omnia sollemnibus verbis dicere,

    id. Dom. 47, 122:

    sicuti in sollemnibus sacris fleri consuevit,

    Sall. C. 22, 2:

    sollemnia vota Reddere,

    Verg. E. 5, 74:

    ferre sollemnia dona,

    id. A. 9, 626:

    sollemnis ducere pompas,

    id. G. 3, 22:

    sollemnis mactare ad aras,

    id. A. 2, 202:

    dies jure sollemnis mihi, sanctiorque natali,

    Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

    fax,

    Ov. M. 7, 49:

    sollemni voce movere preces,

    id. F. 6, 622:

    ignis,

    id. Tr. 3, 13, 16:

    festum sollemne parare,

    id. F. 2, 247:

    sollemnes ludos celebrare,

    id. ib. 5, 597:

    habitus,

    Liv. 37, 9:

    carmen,

    id. 33, 31:

    epulae,

    Tac. A. 1, 50:

    sacramentum,

    id. H. 1, 55:

    nullum esse officium tam sanctum atque sollemne, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 26.— Comp.:

    dies baptismo sollemnior,

    Tert. Bapt. 19.— Sup.:

    die tibi sollemnissimo natali meo,

    Front. Ep. ad Anton. 1, 2:

    preces,

    App. M. 11, p. 264.—
    b.
    As subst.: sollemne, is, n., a religious or solemn rite, ceremony, feast, sacrifice, solemn games, a festival, solemnity, etc. (so perh. not in Cic.); sing.:

    inter publicum sollemne sponsalibus rite factis,

    Liv. 38, 57:

    sollemne clavi figendi,

    id. 7, 3 fin.:

    soli Fidei sollemne instituit,

    id. 1, 21; cf. id. 9, 34:

    sollemne allatum ex Arcadiā,

    festal games, id. 1, 5; cf. id. 1, 9:

    Claudio funeris sollemne perinde ac divo Augusto celebratur,

    Tac. A. 12, 69; cf. plur. infra:

    per sollemne nuptiarum,

    Suet. Ner. 28; cf. infra.— Plur.:

    sollemnia (Isidis),

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 1:

    ejus sacri,

    Liv. 9, 29; cf. id. 2, 27:

    Quinquatruum,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    triumphi,

    id. ib. 2:

    nuptiarum,

    Tac. A. 11, 26 fin.:

    funerum,

    id. ib. 3, 6:

    tumulo sollemnia mittent,

    Verg. A. 6, 380:

    referunt,

    id. ib. 5, 605; cf. Stat. Th. 8, 208; Juv. 10, 259.—
    B.
    With the idea of stated, regular character predominant, wonted, common, usual, customary, ordinary (syn.: consuetus, solitus;

    freq. only after the Aug. period): prope sollemnis militum lascivia,

    Liv. 4, 53, 13:

    socer arma Latinus habeto, Imperium sollemne socer,

    Verg. A. 12, 193:

    arma,

    Stat. Th. 8, 174:

    cursus bigarum,

    Suet. Dom. 4:

    Romanis sollemne viris opus (venatio),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 49:

    mihi sollemnis debetur gloria,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 61:

    sufficit sollemnem numerum (testium) exaudire,

    Dig. 28, 1, 21:

    viā sollemni egressi,

    the public way, Amm. 20, 4, 9:

    Romae dulce diu fuit et sollemne, reclusa Mane domo vigilare,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 103:

    spectari sollemne olim erat,

    Suet. Aug. 44; Gell. 15, 2, 3:

    annua complere sollemnia,

    tribute, Amm. 22, 7, 10.—As subst.: sollemne, is, n., usage, custom, practice, etc.:

    nostrum illud sollemne servemus, ut, etc.,

    usual custom, practice, Cic. Att. 7, 6, 1:

    novae nuptae intrantes etiamnum sollemne habent postes adipe attingere,

    Plin. 28, 9, 37, § 135.— Plur.:

    mos traditus ab antiquis inter cetera sollemnia manet, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 14:

    proin repeterent sollemnia,

    their customary avocations, Tac. A. 3, 6 fin.:

    testamentum non jure factum dicitur, ubi sollemnia juris defuerunt,

    usages, customary formalities, Dig. 28, 3, 1:

    testamenti,

    ib. 28, 1, 20.—Adverb.:

    mutat quadrata rotundis: Insanire putas sollemnia me neque rides,

    in the common way, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 101. —Hence, adv.: sollemnĭter ( sollenn-, sōlemn-; very rare; not in Cic.).
    1.
    (Acc. to II. A. supra.) In a religious or solemn manner, solemnly, = rite:

    omnibus (sacris) sollemniter peractis,

    Liv. 5, 46: intermissum convivium sollemniter instituit, with pomp or splendor, Just. 12, 13, 6:

    lusus, quem sollemniter celebramus,

    App. M. 3, p. 134, 13.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II. B. supra.) According to custom, in the usual or customary manner, regularly, formally:

    (greges elephantorum) se purificantes sollemniter aquā circumspergi,

    Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 2:

    praebere hordeum pullis,

    Pall. 1, 28 fin.:

    jurare,

    Dig. 12, 2, 3:

    cavere,

    ib. 26, 7, 27:

    acta omnia,

    ib. 45, 1, 30:

    nullo sollemniter inquirente,

    Amm. 14, 7, 21:

    transmisso sollemniter Tigride,

    id. 20, 6, 1.— Comp. and sup. of adj. (late Lat.); v. supra, II. A. No comp. and sup. of adv.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sollemnis

  • 54 sollempnis

    sollemnis (less correctly sōlemnis, sollennis, sōlennis, sollempnis), e, adj. [sollus, i. e. totus-annus], prop. that takes place every year; in relig. lang. of solemnities, yearly, annual; hence, in gen.,
    I.
    Lit., stated, established, appointed:

    sollemne, quod omnibus annis praestari debet,

    Fest. p. 298 Müll. (cf. anniversarius):

    sollemnia sacra dicuntur, quae certis temporibus annisque fleri solent,

    id. p. 344 ib.: sacra stata, sollemnia, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. stata, p. 344 ib.; so,

    ad sollemne et statum sacrificium curru vehi,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 113 (v. sisto, P. a.):

    sacra,

    id. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    sacrificia,

    id. N. D. 1, 6, 14; id. Leg. 2, 14, 35; Liv. 1, 31:

    dies festi atque sollemnes,

    Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

    ab Aequis statum jam ac prope sollemne in singulos annos bellum timebatur,

    Liv. 3, 15:

    Idus Maiae sollemnes ineundis magistratibus erant,

    id. 3, 36:

    sollemnis dapes Libare,

    Verg. A. 3, 301:

    caerimoniae,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., according as the idea of the religious or that of the established, stated nature of the thing qualified predominates.
    A.
    With the idea of its religious character predominating, religious, festive, solemn:

    suscipiendaque curarit sollemnia sacra,

    Lucr. 5, 1162:

    sollemni more sacrorum,

    id. 1, 96:

    religiones,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

    iter ad flaminem,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    epulae,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ludi,

    id. Leg. 3, 3, 7; cf.:

    coetus ludorum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 186:

    precatio comitiorum,

    id. Mur. 1, 1:

    omnia sollemnibus verbis dicere,

    id. Dom. 47, 122:

    sicuti in sollemnibus sacris fleri consuevit,

    Sall. C. 22, 2:

    sollemnia vota Reddere,

    Verg. E. 5, 74:

    ferre sollemnia dona,

    id. A. 9, 626:

    sollemnis ducere pompas,

    id. G. 3, 22:

    sollemnis mactare ad aras,

    id. A. 2, 202:

    dies jure sollemnis mihi, sanctiorque natali,

    Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

    fax,

    Ov. M. 7, 49:

    sollemni voce movere preces,

    id. F. 6, 622:

    ignis,

    id. Tr. 3, 13, 16:

    festum sollemne parare,

    id. F. 2, 247:

    sollemnes ludos celebrare,

    id. ib. 5, 597:

    habitus,

    Liv. 37, 9:

    carmen,

    id. 33, 31:

    epulae,

    Tac. A. 1, 50:

    sacramentum,

    id. H. 1, 55:

    nullum esse officium tam sanctum atque sollemne, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 26.— Comp.:

    dies baptismo sollemnior,

    Tert. Bapt. 19.— Sup.:

    die tibi sollemnissimo natali meo,

    Front. Ep. ad Anton. 1, 2:

    preces,

    App. M. 11, p. 264.—
    b.
    As subst.: sollemne, is, n., a religious or solemn rite, ceremony, feast, sacrifice, solemn games, a festival, solemnity, etc. (so perh. not in Cic.); sing.:

    inter publicum sollemne sponsalibus rite factis,

    Liv. 38, 57:

    sollemne clavi figendi,

    id. 7, 3 fin.:

    soli Fidei sollemne instituit,

    id. 1, 21; cf. id. 9, 34:

    sollemne allatum ex Arcadiā,

    festal games, id. 1, 5; cf. id. 1, 9:

    Claudio funeris sollemne perinde ac divo Augusto celebratur,

    Tac. A. 12, 69; cf. plur. infra:

    per sollemne nuptiarum,

    Suet. Ner. 28; cf. infra.— Plur.:

    sollemnia (Isidis),

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 1:

    ejus sacri,

    Liv. 9, 29; cf. id. 2, 27:

    Quinquatruum,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    triumphi,

    id. ib. 2:

    nuptiarum,

    Tac. A. 11, 26 fin.:

    funerum,

    id. ib. 3, 6:

    tumulo sollemnia mittent,

    Verg. A. 6, 380:

    referunt,

    id. ib. 5, 605; cf. Stat. Th. 8, 208; Juv. 10, 259.—
    B.
    With the idea of stated, regular character predominant, wonted, common, usual, customary, ordinary (syn.: consuetus, solitus;

    freq. only after the Aug. period): prope sollemnis militum lascivia,

    Liv. 4, 53, 13:

    socer arma Latinus habeto, Imperium sollemne socer,

    Verg. A. 12, 193:

    arma,

    Stat. Th. 8, 174:

    cursus bigarum,

    Suet. Dom. 4:

    Romanis sollemne viris opus (venatio),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 49:

    mihi sollemnis debetur gloria,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 61:

    sufficit sollemnem numerum (testium) exaudire,

    Dig. 28, 1, 21:

    viā sollemni egressi,

    the public way, Amm. 20, 4, 9:

    Romae dulce diu fuit et sollemne, reclusa Mane domo vigilare,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 103:

    spectari sollemne olim erat,

    Suet. Aug. 44; Gell. 15, 2, 3:

    annua complere sollemnia,

    tribute, Amm. 22, 7, 10.—As subst.: sollemne, is, n., usage, custom, practice, etc.:

    nostrum illud sollemne servemus, ut, etc.,

    usual custom, practice, Cic. Att. 7, 6, 1:

    novae nuptae intrantes etiamnum sollemne habent postes adipe attingere,

    Plin. 28, 9, 37, § 135.— Plur.:

    mos traditus ab antiquis inter cetera sollemnia manet, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 14:

    proin repeterent sollemnia,

    their customary avocations, Tac. A. 3, 6 fin.:

    testamentum non jure factum dicitur, ubi sollemnia juris defuerunt,

    usages, customary formalities, Dig. 28, 3, 1:

    testamenti,

    ib. 28, 1, 20.—Adverb.:

    mutat quadrata rotundis: Insanire putas sollemnia me neque rides,

    in the common way, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 101. —Hence, adv.: sollemnĭter ( sollenn-, sōlemn-; very rare; not in Cic.).
    1.
    (Acc. to II. A. supra.) In a religious or solemn manner, solemnly, = rite:

    omnibus (sacris) sollemniter peractis,

    Liv. 5, 46: intermissum convivium sollemniter instituit, with pomp or splendor, Just. 12, 13, 6:

    lusus, quem sollemniter celebramus,

    App. M. 3, p. 134, 13.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II. B. supra.) According to custom, in the usual or customary manner, regularly, formally:

    (greges elephantorum) se purificantes sollemniter aquā circumspergi,

    Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 2:

    praebere hordeum pullis,

    Pall. 1, 28 fin.:

    jurare,

    Dig. 12, 2, 3:

    cavere,

    ib. 26, 7, 27:

    acta omnia,

    ib. 45, 1, 30:

    nullo sollemniter inquirente,

    Amm. 14, 7, 21:

    transmisso sollemniter Tigride,

    id. 20, 6, 1.— Comp. and sup. of adj. (late Lat.); v. supra, II. A. No comp. and sup. of adv.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sollempnis

  • 55 sollenn

    sollemnis (less correctly sōlemnis, sollennis, sōlennis, sollempnis), e, adj. [sollus, i. e. totus-annus], prop. that takes place every year; in relig. lang. of solemnities, yearly, annual; hence, in gen.,
    I.
    Lit., stated, established, appointed:

    sollemne, quod omnibus annis praestari debet,

    Fest. p. 298 Müll. (cf. anniversarius):

    sollemnia sacra dicuntur, quae certis temporibus annisque fleri solent,

    id. p. 344 ib.: sacra stata, sollemnia, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. stata, p. 344 ib.; so,

    ad sollemne et statum sacrificium curru vehi,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 113 (v. sisto, P. a.):

    sacra,

    id. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    sacrificia,

    id. N. D. 1, 6, 14; id. Leg. 2, 14, 35; Liv. 1, 31:

    dies festi atque sollemnes,

    Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

    ab Aequis statum jam ac prope sollemne in singulos annos bellum timebatur,

    Liv. 3, 15:

    Idus Maiae sollemnes ineundis magistratibus erant,

    id. 3, 36:

    sollemnis dapes Libare,

    Verg. A. 3, 301:

    caerimoniae,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., according as the idea of the religious or that of the established, stated nature of the thing qualified predominates.
    A.
    With the idea of its religious character predominating, religious, festive, solemn:

    suscipiendaque curarit sollemnia sacra,

    Lucr. 5, 1162:

    sollemni more sacrorum,

    id. 1, 96:

    religiones,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

    iter ad flaminem,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    epulae,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ludi,

    id. Leg. 3, 3, 7; cf.:

    coetus ludorum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 186:

    precatio comitiorum,

    id. Mur. 1, 1:

    omnia sollemnibus verbis dicere,

    id. Dom. 47, 122:

    sicuti in sollemnibus sacris fleri consuevit,

    Sall. C. 22, 2:

    sollemnia vota Reddere,

    Verg. E. 5, 74:

    ferre sollemnia dona,

    id. A. 9, 626:

    sollemnis ducere pompas,

    id. G. 3, 22:

    sollemnis mactare ad aras,

    id. A. 2, 202:

    dies jure sollemnis mihi, sanctiorque natali,

    Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

    fax,

    Ov. M. 7, 49:

    sollemni voce movere preces,

    id. F. 6, 622:

    ignis,

    id. Tr. 3, 13, 16:

    festum sollemne parare,

    id. F. 2, 247:

    sollemnes ludos celebrare,

    id. ib. 5, 597:

    habitus,

    Liv. 37, 9:

    carmen,

    id. 33, 31:

    epulae,

    Tac. A. 1, 50:

    sacramentum,

    id. H. 1, 55:

    nullum esse officium tam sanctum atque sollemne, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 26.— Comp.:

    dies baptismo sollemnior,

    Tert. Bapt. 19.— Sup.:

    die tibi sollemnissimo natali meo,

    Front. Ep. ad Anton. 1, 2:

    preces,

    App. M. 11, p. 264.—
    b.
    As subst.: sollemne, is, n., a religious or solemn rite, ceremony, feast, sacrifice, solemn games, a festival, solemnity, etc. (so perh. not in Cic.); sing.:

    inter publicum sollemne sponsalibus rite factis,

    Liv. 38, 57:

    sollemne clavi figendi,

    id. 7, 3 fin.:

    soli Fidei sollemne instituit,

    id. 1, 21; cf. id. 9, 34:

    sollemne allatum ex Arcadiā,

    festal games, id. 1, 5; cf. id. 1, 9:

    Claudio funeris sollemne perinde ac divo Augusto celebratur,

    Tac. A. 12, 69; cf. plur. infra:

    per sollemne nuptiarum,

    Suet. Ner. 28; cf. infra.— Plur.:

    sollemnia (Isidis),

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 1:

    ejus sacri,

    Liv. 9, 29; cf. id. 2, 27:

    Quinquatruum,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    triumphi,

    id. ib. 2:

    nuptiarum,

    Tac. A. 11, 26 fin.:

    funerum,

    id. ib. 3, 6:

    tumulo sollemnia mittent,

    Verg. A. 6, 380:

    referunt,

    id. ib. 5, 605; cf. Stat. Th. 8, 208; Juv. 10, 259.—
    B.
    With the idea of stated, regular character predominant, wonted, common, usual, customary, ordinary (syn.: consuetus, solitus;

    freq. only after the Aug. period): prope sollemnis militum lascivia,

    Liv. 4, 53, 13:

    socer arma Latinus habeto, Imperium sollemne socer,

    Verg. A. 12, 193:

    arma,

    Stat. Th. 8, 174:

    cursus bigarum,

    Suet. Dom. 4:

    Romanis sollemne viris opus (venatio),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 49:

    mihi sollemnis debetur gloria,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 61:

    sufficit sollemnem numerum (testium) exaudire,

    Dig. 28, 1, 21:

    viā sollemni egressi,

    the public way, Amm. 20, 4, 9:

    Romae dulce diu fuit et sollemne, reclusa Mane domo vigilare,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 103:

    spectari sollemne olim erat,

    Suet. Aug. 44; Gell. 15, 2, 3:

    annua complere sollemnia,

    tribute, Amm. 22, 7, 10.—As subst.: sollemne, is, n., usage, custom, practice, etc.:

    nostrum illud sollemne servemus, ut, etc.,

    usual custom, practice, Cic. Att. 7, 6, 1:

    novae nuptae intrantes etiamnum sollemne habent postes adipe attingere,

    Plin. 28, 9, 37, § 135.— Plur.:

    mos traditus ab antiquis inter cetera sollemnia manet, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 14:

    proin repeterent sollemnia,

    their customary avocations, Tac. A. 3, 6 fin.:

    testamentum non jure factum dicitur, ubi sollemnia juris defuerunt,

    usages, customary formalities, Dig. 28, 3, 1:

    testamenti,

    ib. 28, 1, 20.—Adverb.:

    mutat quadrata rotundis: Insanire putas sollemnia me neque rides,

    in the common way, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 101. —Hence, adv.: sollemnĭter ( sollenn-, sōlemn-; very rare; not in Cic.).
    1.
    (Acc. to II. A. supra.) In a religious or solemn manner, solemnly, = rite:

    omnibus (sacris) sollemniter peractis,

    Liv. 5, 46: intermissum convivium sollemniter instituit, with pomp or splendor, Just. 12, 13, 6:

    lusus, quem sollemniter celebramus,

    App. M. 3, p. 134, 13.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II. B. supra.) According to custom, in the usual or customary manner, regularly, formally:

    (greges elephantorum) se purificantes sollemniter aquā circumspergi,

    Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 2:

    praebere hordeum pullis,

    Pall. 1, 28 fin.:

    jurare,

    Dig. 12, 2, 3:

    cavere,

    ib. 26, 7, 27:

    acta omnia,

    ib. 45, 1, 30:

    nullo sollemniter inquirente,

    Amm. 14, 7, 21:

    transmisso sollemniter Tigride,

    id. 20, 6, 1.— Comp. and sup. of adj. (late Lat.); v. supra, II. A. No comp. and sup. of adv.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sollenn

  • 56 sollennis

    sollemnis (less correctly sōlemnis, sollennis, sōlennis, sollempnis), e, adj. [sollus, i. e. totus-annus], prop. that takes place every year; in relig. lang. of solemnities, yearly, annual; hence, in gen.,
    I.
    Lit., stated, established, appointed:

    sollemne, quod omnibus annis praestari debet,

    Fest. p. 298 Müll. (cf. anniversarius):

    sollemnia sacra dicuntur, quae certis temporibus annisque fleri solent,

    id. p. 344 ib.: sacra stata, sollemnia, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. stata, p. 344 ib.; so,

    ad sollemne et statum sacrificium curru vehi,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 47, 113 (v. sisto, P. a.):

    sacra,

    id. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    sacrificia,

    id. N. D. 1, 6, 14; id. Leg. 2, 14, 35; Liv. 1, 31:

    dies festi atque sollemnes,

    Cic. Pis. 22, 51:

    ab Aequis statum jam ac prope sollemne in singulos annos bellum timebatur,

    Liv. 3, 15:

    Idus Maiae sollemnes ineundis magistratibus erant,

    id. 3, 36:

    sollemnis dapes Libare,

    Verg. A. 3, 301:

    caerimoniae,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., according as the idea of the religious or that of the established, stated nature of the thing qualified predominates.
    A.
    With the idea of its religious character predominating, religious, festive, solemn:

    suscipiendaque curarit sollemnia sacra,

    Lucr. 5, 1162:

    sollemni more sacrorum,

    id. 1, 96:

    religiones,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

    iter ad flaminem,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    epulae,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ludi,

    id. Leg. 3, 3, 7; cf.:

    coetus ludorum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 186:

    precatio comitiorum,

    id. Mur. 1, 1:

    omnia sollemnibus verbis dicere,

    id. Dom. 47, 122:

    sicuti in sollemnibus sacris fleri consuevit,

    Sall. C. 22, 2:

    sollemnia vota Reddere,

    Verg. E. 5, 74:

    ferre sollemnia dona,

    id. A. 9, 626:

    sollemnis ducere pompas,

    id. G. 3, 22:

    sollemnis mactare ad aras,

    id. A. 2, 202:

    dies jure sollemnis mihi, sanctiorque natali,

    Hor. C. 4, 11, 17:

    fax,

    Ov. M. 7, 49:

    sollemni voce movere preces,

    id. F. 6, 622:

    ignis,

    id. Tr. 3, 13, 16:

    festum sollemne parare,

    id. F. 2, 247:

    sollemnes ludos celebrare,

    id. ib. 5, 597:

    habitus,

    Liv. 37, 9:

    carmen,

    id. 33, 31:

    epulae,

    Tac. A. 1, 50:

    sacramentum,

    id. H. 1, 55:

    nullum esse officium tam sanctum atque sollemne, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Quint. 6, 26.— Comp.:

    dies baptismo sollemnior,

    Tert. Bapt. 19.— Sup.:

    die tibi sollemnissimo natali meo,

    Front. Ep. ad Anton. 1, 2:

    preces,

    App. M. 11, p. 264.—
    b.
    As subst.: sollemne, is, n., a religious or solemn rite, ceremony, feast, sacrifice, solemn games, a festival, solemnity, etc. (so perh. not in Cic.); sing.:

    inter publicum sollemne sponsalibus rite factis,

    Liv. 38, 57:

    sollemne clavi figendi,

    id. 7, 3 fin.:

    soli Fidei sollemne instituit,

    id. 1, 21; cf. id. 9, 34:

    sollemne allatum ex Arcadiā,

    festal games, id. 1, 5; cf. id. 1, 9:

    Claudio funeris sollemne perinde ac divo Augusto celebratur,

    Tac. A. 12, 69; cf. plur. infra:

    per sollemne nuptiarum,

    Suet. Ner. 28; cf. infra.— Plur.:

    sollemnia (Isidis),

    Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 1:

    ejus sacri,

    Liv. 9, 29; cf. id. 2, 27:

    Quinquatruum,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    triumphi,

    id. ib. 2:

    nuptiarum,

    Tac. A. 11, 26 fin.:

    funerum,

    id. ib. 3, 6:

    tumulo sollemnia mittent,

    Verg. A. 6, 380:

    referunt,

    id. ib. 5, 605; cf. Stat. Th. 8, 208; Juv. 10, 259.—
    B.
    With the idea of stated, regular character predominant, wonted, common, usual, customary, ordinary (syn.: consuetus, solitus;

    freq. only after the Aug. period): prope sollemnis militum lascivia,

    Liv. 4, 53, 13:

    socer arma Latinus habeto, Imperium sollemne socer,

    Verg. A. 12, 193:

    arma,

    Stat. Th. 8, 174:

    cursus bigarum,

    Suet. Dom. 4:

    Romanis sollemne viris opus (venatio),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 49:

    mihi sollemnis debetur gloria,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 61:

    sufficit sollemnem numerum (testium) exaudire,

    Dig. 28, 1, 21:

    viā sollemni egressi,

    the public way, Amm. 20, 4, 9:

    Romae dulce diu fuit et sollemne, reclusa Mane domo vigilare,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 103:

    spectari sollemne olim erat,

    Suet. Aug. 44; Gell. 15, 2, 3:

    annua complere sollemnia,

    tribute, Amm. 22, 7, 10.—As subst.: sollemne, is, n., usage, custom, practice, etc.:

    nostrum illud sollemne servemus, ut, etc.,

    usual custom, practice, Cic. Att. 7, 6, 1:

    novae nuptae intrantes etiamnum sollemne habent postes adipe attingere,

    Plin. 28, 9, 37, § 135.— Plur.:

    mos traditus ab antiquis inter cetera sollemnia manet, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 14:

    proin repeterent sollemnia,

    their customary avocations, Tac. A. 3, 6 fin.:

    testamentum non jure factum dicitur, ubi sollemnia juris defuerunt,

    usages, customary formalities, Dig. 28, 3, 1:

    testamenti,

    ib. 28, 1, 20.—Adverb.:

    mutat quadrata rotundis: Insanire putas sollemnia me neque rides,

    in the common way, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 101. —Hence, adv.: sollemnĭter ( sollenn-, sōlemn-; very rare; not in Cic.).
    1.
    (Acc. to II. A. supra.) In a religious or solemn manner, solemnly, = rite:

    omnibus (sacris) sollemniter peractis,

    Liv. 5, 46: intermissum convivium sollemniter instituit, with pomp or splendor, Just. 12, 13, 6:

    lusus, quem sollemniter celebramus,

    App. M. 3, p. 134, 13.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II. B. supra.) According to custom, in the usual or customary manner, regularly, formally:

    (greges elephantorum) se purificantes sollemniter aquā circumspergi,

    Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 2:

    praebere hordeum pullis,

    Pall. 1, 28 fin.:

    jurare,

    Dig. 12, 2, 3:

    cavere,

    ib. 26, 7, 27:

    acta omnia,

    ib. 45, 1, 30:

    nullo sollemniter inquirente,

    Amm. 14, 7, 21:

    transmisso sollemniter Tigride,

    id. 20, 6, 1.— Comp. and sup. of adj. (late Lat.); v. supra, II. A. No comp. and sup. of adv.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sollennis

  • 57 species

    spĕcĭes, ēi ( gen. sing. specie or specii, Matius ap. Gell. 9, 14, 15; gen. and dat. plur. were not in use in Cicero's time, but formarum, formis were used instead; cf. Cic. Top. 7, 30.—At a later period were introduced:

    specierum,

    Pall. Oct. 14, 15; Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10; Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 5, § 151; cf. Charis. p. 18 P.; and Diom. p. 281 P.:

    speciebus,

    App. ad Asclep. p. 92, 25; Cod. Just. 11, 9, 1 al.; Dig. 28, 2, 29, § 10), f. [specio].
    I.
    Act., a seeing, sight, look, view (rare; cf.

    aspectus): speciem quo vortimus,

    Lucr. 4, 242; so id. 4, 236 (for which, a little before, visus); 5, 707; 5, 724; Vitr. 3, 2 fin.; 5, 9:

    si tantis intervallis nostra species potest id animadvertere,

    id. 9, 4:

    qui sensus nostros specie primā acerrime commovent,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 98:

    qui doloris speciem ferre non possunt,

    id. Tusc. 2, 23, 54.—
    II.
    Pass., prop. that which is seen in a thing, i. e. the outward appearance, outside, exterior; shape, form, figure, mien, etc. (freq. and class.; syn. forma).
    A.
    Lit.:

    praeter speciem stultus,

    Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 49:

    quod speciem ac formam similem gerit ejus imago,

    Lucr. 4, 52; cf.:

    quae species formaque pugnae, qui motus hominum non ita expictus est, ut, etc.,

    outlines, contours, Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 114:

    esse aliquem humanā specie et figurā,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 63:

    hominis esse specie deos confitendum est,

    id. N. D. 1, 18, 48:

    edepol specie lepida mulier!

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 2; cf.:

    bellan' videtur specie mulier?

    id. Bacch. 4, 7, 40; id. Most. 1, 3, 23; id. Mil. 4, 2, 10; 4, 6, 20:

    urbis speciem vidi,

    id. Pers. 4, 4, 2; so,

    species praeclara oppidi,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 32, 44; id. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129:

    sphaerae (Archimedeae), etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 14, 21:

    navium,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf.:

    nova atque inusitata,

    id. ib. 2, 31:

    horribilis,

    id. ib. 7, 36:

    agro bene culto nihil potest esse specie ornatius,

    Cic. Sen. 16, 57:

    horum hominum species est honestissima,

    id. Cat. 2, 8, 18:

    ad speciem magnifico ornatu,

    as to outward appearance, id. Verr. 2, 1, 22, § 58:

    populi,

    id. Rep. 3, 33, 45:

    nec ulla deformior species est civitatis, quam illa, in quā opulentissimi optimi putantur,

    id. Rep. 1, 34, 51: speciem honesti habere, the look or semblance of what is right, id. Off. 3, 2, 7:

    turba majorem quam pro numero speciem ferens,

    Curt. 3, 2, 3; cf.:

    fallaces sunt rerum species, quibus credimus,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 34, 1.—
    2.
    Something seen, a spectacle, sight, appearance:

    ponite itaque ante oculos miseram quidem illam ac flebilem speciem,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 3:

    non tulit hanc speciem furiatā mente Coroebus,

    Verg. A. 2, 407 (cf. I. supra).—
    3.
    Trop., that which is seen by the mind, an idea, notion: hanc illi idean appellabant:

    nos recte speciem possumus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 8, 30; cf. id. Top. 7, 30:

    insidebat in ejus mente species eloquentiae,

    id. Or. 5, 18:

    excellentis eloquentiae speciem et formam adumbrabimus,

    id. ib. 14, 43:

    species, forma et notio viri boni,

    id. Off. 3, 20, 81; cf.:

    prima sit haec forma et species et origo tyranni,

    id. Rep. 2, 29, 51:

    qui species alias veri scelerisque capiet,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 208:

    utinam non inanes species anxio animo figuraret,

    Curt. 7, 1, 36.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    A look, show, seeming, appearance, semblance, pretence, cloak, color, pretext, etc. (opp. that which is real, actual, etc.).
    a.
    In gen.:

    obiciuntur saepe formae, quae reapse nullae sunt, speciem autem offerunt,

    Cic. Div. 1, 37, 81:

    ista securitas specie quidem blanda sed reapse, etc.,

    id. Lael. 13, 47:

    cujus rei species erat acceptio frumenti,

    Sall. J. 29, 4:

    fraudi imponere aliquam speciem juris,

    Liv. 9, 11:

    specie liberā... re verā, etc.,

    id. 35, 31; cf.:

    litteras inanis vanā specie libertatis adumbratas esse,

    id. 33, 31, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    plurimi ibi a fallaci equitum specie agasonibusque excepti sunt,

    id. 7, 15, 7:

    si dux primam speciem adpropinquantis terroris sustinuisset,

    id. 44, 6, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    quae (nomina) primā specie admirationem, re explicatā risum movent,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 22, 61:

    quaedam humanitatis habent primam speciem ut misericordia,

    id. Tusc. 4, 14, 32:

    similitudinem quandam speciemque sapientium gerere,

    id. Off. 3, 4, 16:

    si speciem utilitatis voluptas habere dicetur,

    id. ib. 3, 33, 120.— Hence,
    b.
    Esp. with gen. of that which is assumed or pretended, under pretext of, under pretence of, etc.
    (α).
    With abl.:

    fortis viros specie quādam virtutis adsimulatae tenebat,

    Cic. Cael. 6, 14.—
    (β).
    With sub:

    sub specie tutelae liberūm ejus invasisse regnum,

    Curt. 9, 2, 7; 10, 6, 21; Liv. 44, 24, 4.—
    (γ).
    With per:

    per speciem celebrandarum cantu epularum,

    Liv. 9, 30, 8:

    per speciem auxilii Byzantiis ferendi, re ipsā, etc.,

    id. 39, 35, 4; 40, 13, 8; 42, 52, 8.—
    (δ).
    With in:

    si quis in speciem refectionis (viae) deteriorem viam facit,

    Dig. 43, 11, 1, § 2.—Adverb.: in speciem, for a show, as a pretence:

    haud dubio in speciem consensu fit ad Poenos deditio,

    Liv. 24, 1, 8:

    dilatā in speciem actione, re ipsā sublatā,

    id. 3, 9, 13; so,

    ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 35 fin.; id. B. G. 1, 51; Quint. Cic. Pet. Cons. 5, 18 al.—
    2.
    Also with gen.: in speciem, after the manner, in the fashion, like (cf. tamquam; poet.):

    inque chori ludunt speciem,

    Ov. M. 3, 685:

    in montis speciem curvari,

    id. ib. 15, 509; cf.:

    scorpiones vermiculos ovorum specie pariunt,

    Plin. 11, 25, 30, § 86.—
    3.
    Pregn., like the Engl. show, for ornament, display, splendor, beauty (cf.:

    dignitas, venustas): ut in usum boni sint et in speciem populo,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 42:

    fuit pompa, fuit species, fuit incessus saltem Seplasiā dignus et Capuā,

    Cic. Pis. 11, 24:

    adhibere quandam in dicendo speciem atque pompam,

    id. de Or. 2, 72, 294:

    speciem candoremque caeli,

    id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68; cf. id. N. D. 2, 37; 2, 39:

    specie et motu capere homines,

    id. Brut. 62, 224:

    triumpho praebere speciem,

    Liv. 34, 52, 10:

    addere speciem,

    id. 37, 40; 9, 40:

    si fortunatum species et gratia praestat,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 203:

    ducit te species,

    id. S. 2, 2, 35:

    speciem Saturnia vaccae probat,

    Ov. M. 1, 612:

    juvenis,

    Juv. 10, 310:

    corporis,

    Curt. 7, 9, 19; Vitr. 3, 2.—
    C.
    Transf.
    1.
    Concr. (for simulacrum, i. q. eidôgon).
    a.
    An appearance in sleep, a vision, apparition (mostly poet.), Lucr. 1, 125:

    repetit quietis Ipsa suae speciem,

    Ov. M. 9, 473:

    voce suā specieque viri turbata soporem Excutit,

    id. ib. 11, 677:

    in quiete utrique consuli eadem dicitur visa species viri, etc.,

    Liv. 8, 6:

    per nocturnas species,

    id. 26, 19; cf.:

    mirabundi velut ad somni vanam speciem,

    id. 33, 32, 7; Sil. 13, 394; Curt. 3, 6, 7.—
    b.
    A likeness, image, statue: tum species ex aere vetus concidit... Et divum simulacra peremit fulminis ardor... Sancta Jovis species... Haec tardata diu species tandem celsā in sede locata, Cic. poët. Div. 1, [p. 1737] 12, 21.—
    2.
    Reputation, honor:

    o speciem dignitatemque populi Romani, quam reges pertimescant,

    Cic. Dom. 33, 89.—
    3.
    The particular thing among many to which the looks are turned; hence, a particular sort, kind, or quality, a species:

    species pars est generis,

    App. Asclep. p. 78, 26:

    harum singula genera minimum in binas species dividi possunt, etc.,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 3; cf.:

    genus est id, quod sui similes communione quādam, specie autem differentes, duas aut plures complectitur partes,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 189:

    primum illud genus quaerimus, ex quo ceterae species suspensae sunt... Homo species est, ut Aristoteles ait, canis species: commune his vinculum animal,

    Sen. Ep. 58, 7; Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; id. L. L. 10, § 18; Cic. Inv. 1, 27, 40; id. Or. 10, 33; id. Top. 18, 68; Quint. 3, 6, 26; 3, 10, 2; 5, 10, 90 al.: codicillis multas species vestis, argenti specialiter reliquit, many kinds or sorts, Dig. 34, 2, 19; cf. ib. 41, 1, 7.—
    b.
    In later jurid. lang., a special case:

    proponitur apud eum species talis: Sutor puero discenti cervicem percussit, etc.,

    Dig. 9, 2, 5 fin.; 31, 1, 85.—
    c.
    In late Lat., goods, wares (that are classed together; cf. assortment);

    publicae,

    Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10:

    annonariae,

    ib. 11, 73, 3:

    vendenda sit species,

    i. e. wine, Pall. Oct. 14, 3.—Esp., spices, drugs, etc., Macr. S. 7, 8 med.; Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7; Pall. Oct. 14 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > species

  • 58 summum

    sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:

    super inferque vicinus,

    Cato, R. R. 149, 1:

    totus super ignis,

    Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    Adj.
    1.
    In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:

    at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:

    omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:

    ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    portae Phrygiae limen,

    id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):

    carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:

    di,

    id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,

    id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

    omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,

    Verg. A. 6, 788:

    supera ad convexa,

    to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):

    lumen,

    Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:

    domus deorum,

    Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;

    so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:

    de supero, quom huc accesserit,

    from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,

    ex supero,

    Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
    2.
    In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):

    supera de parte,

    i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:

    superas evadere ad auras,

    Verg. A. 6, 128:

    superum ad lumen ire,

    id. ib. 6, 680:

    aurae,

    Ov. M. 5, 641:

    orae,

    Verg. A. 2, 91:

    limen,

    id. ib. 6, 680.—
    B.
    Substt.
    1.
    Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
    (α).
    They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:

    multum fleti ad superos,

    i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:

    (Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,

    the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:

    ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,

    Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:

    epistula ad superos scripta,

    i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
    (β).
    (Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:

    quae Superi Manesque dabant,

    Verg. A. 10, 34:

    aspiciunt Superi mortalia,

    Ov. M. 13, 70:

    o Superi!

    id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;

    pro Superi,

    id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:

    terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,

    Verg. A. 1, 4:

    illa propago Contemptrix Superum,

    Ov. M. 1, 161:

    exemplo Superorum,

    id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,

    Superorum,

    id. P. 1, 1, 43:

    postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,

    Verg. A. 3, 2:

    scilicet is Superis labor est,

    id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    flectere Superos,

    Verg. A. 7, 312:

    te per Superos... oro,

    id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
    2.
    sŭpĕra, orum, n.
    (α).
    The heavenly bodies:

    Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

    cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,

    id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
    (β).
    Higher places (sc. loca):

    supera semper petunt,

    tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

    (Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,

    the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
    II.
    Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
    A.
    Lit., of place, higher, upper:

    inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46:

    dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?

    Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:

    in superiore qui habito cenaculo,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:

    tota domus superior vacat,

    the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:

    superior accumbere,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:

    de loco superiore dicere,

    i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

    agere,

    i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;

    and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

    sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,

    id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,

    ex loco superiore,

    id. ib. 3, 4:

    loca,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 4;

    3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,

    id. B. C. 3, 98:

    qui in superiore acie constiterant,

    id. B. G. 1, 24:

    ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,

    i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:

    posteriori superius non jungitur,

    id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:

    superiores solis defectiones,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

    quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,

    id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 58:

    superioribus aestivis,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

    superioribus temporibus,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

    tempus (opp. posterius),

    id. Dom. 37, 99:

    tempora (opp. inferiora),

    Suet. Claud. 41:

    annus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

    anno superiore,

    id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:

    superioris anni acta,

    Suet. Caes. 23:

    in superiore vita,

    Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

    testimonium conveniens superiori facto,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:

    superius facinus novo scelere vincere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

    superioris more crudelitatis uti,

    Nep. Thras. 3, 1:

    superius genus,

    mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:

    nuptiae,

    former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:

    vir,

    first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
    b.
    Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:

    omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 5:

    aetate superiores,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

    superior Africanus,

    the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    Dionysius,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:

    quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,

    Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
    2.
    Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:

    Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65:

    numero superiores,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:

    hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,

    id. ib. 8, 19:

    se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,

    Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:

    semper discessit superior,

    Nep. Hann. 1, 2:

    si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,

    Sall. C. 39, 4:

    ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 15:

    multo superiores bello esse,

    Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:

    superiorem Appium in causa fecit,

    Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
    3.
    Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
    (α).
    With abl. respect.:

    pecuniis superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:

    loco, fortuna, fama superiores,

    id. Lael. 25, 94:

    habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    ordine,

    id. ib. 13, 5, 2:

    facilitate et humanitate superior,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    si superior ceteris rebus esses,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:

    ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:

    premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,

    Liv. 22, 12, 12:

    cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,

    Vell. 2, 101, 1.
    III.
    Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
    A.
    sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
    B.
    sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
    1.
    Lit. (only poet.; cf.

    summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,

    the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,

    montes,

    Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:

    rupes,

    Sen. Oedip. 95:

    arx,

    Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:

    supremae Tethyos unda,

    Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
    (α).
    In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;

    sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:

    quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    supremo te sole domi manebo,

    at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:

    jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,

    last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:

    quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

    Ov. M. 12, 526.—
    (β).
    In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:

    supremo vitae die,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:

    dies,

    id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:

    hora,

    Tib. 1, 1, 59:

    tempus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:

    incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

    i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    mors,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:

    finis,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 12:

    iter,

    id. C. 2, 17, 11:

    lumen,

    Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,

    ore,

    id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:

    haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,

    Verg. A. 8, 583:

    Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,

    in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;

    supremis suis annis,

    in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:

    suprema ejus cura,

    id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:

    spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,

    Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:

    funera,

    Ov. M. 3, 137:

    oscula,

    id. ib. 6, 278:

    tori,

    i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:

    ignis,

    id. Am. 1, 15, 41:

    ignes,

    id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:

    officia,

    Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,

    tabulae,

    Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:

    tituli,

    i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:

    Troiae sorte suprema,

    Verg. A. 5, 190:

    dies regnis,

    Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:

    animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,

    for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:

    anima exitura supremo,

    Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
    1.
    sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):

    ventum ad supremum est,

    Verg. A. 12, 803.—
    2.
    suprēma, orum, n.
    (α).
    The last moments, the close of life, death:

    ut me in supremis consolatus est!

    Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:

    statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,

    the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:

    circa suprema Neronis,

    the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
    (β).
    The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:

    supremis divi Augusti,

    Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:

    suprema ferre (sc. munera),

    Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
    (γ).
    A last will, testament:

    nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,

    Tac. A. 1, 8:

    miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,

    Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
    (δ).
    The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med.
    b.
    Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:

    multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,

    Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:

    macies,

    Verg. A. 3, 590:

    Juppiter supreme,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:

    med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,

    most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
    C.
    summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
    1.
    Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):

    summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,

    the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):

    summum jugum montis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

    summus mons,

    the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:

    feriunt summos fulmina montes,

    the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:

    locus castrorum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 23:

    in summa sacra via,

    on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    in summa columna conlocare,

    id. Div. 1, 24, 48:

    quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    Janus summus ab imo,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:

    ad aquam summam appropinquare,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    in aqua summa natare,

    the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:

    apud summum puteum,

    id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:

    per summa volare aequora,

    Verg. A. 5, 819:

    summa cacumina linquunt,

    id. ib. 6, 678:

    mari summo,

    id. ib. 1, 110:

    prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,

    id. ib. 6, 357:

    summaque per galeam delibans oscula,

    id. ib. 12, 434:

    amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,

    Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:

    summam cutem novacula decerpito,

    Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:

    summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,

    I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:

    standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,

    a summo dare (bibere),

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
    b.
    summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:

    ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

    qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:

    leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,

    id. Div. 1, 17, 30:

    igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,

    Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:

    puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:

    nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,

    Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:

    summa petere,

    Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
    2.
    Transf., of the voice:

    jubeo te salvere voce summa,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:

    citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,

    at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:

    vox (opp. ima),

    Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:

    summo haec clamore,

    Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:

    exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,

    Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:

    bis, terve summum,

    id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

    triduo aut summum quatriduo,

    id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):

    haec est praestituta summa argento dies,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,

    venit summa dies,

    Verg. A. 2, 324:

    ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:

    cum esset summa senectute,

    id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:

    in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,

    Luc. 2, 211:

    summo carmine,

    at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:

    eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,

    the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;

    quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

    at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:

    nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,

    Albin. 1, 137. —
    b.
    Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):

    summi puerorum amores,

    Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

    spes civium,

    id. ib. 3, 11:

    fides, constantia justitiaque,

    id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:

    qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,

    id. ib. 6, 20:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:

    tres fratres summo loco nati,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    qui summo magistratui praeerat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

    concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:

    quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,

    id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:

    turpitudo,

    id. Lael. 17, 61:

    summum in cruciatum se venire,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

    scelus,

    Sall. C. 12, 5:

    hiems,

    the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:

    cum aestas summa esse coeperat,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:

    ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,

    id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

    summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,

    id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:

    summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,

    id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

    optimi et summi viri diligentia,

    id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:

    summus Juppiter,

    id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:

    ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,

    id. Am. 1, 2, 6:

    miles summi inperatoris,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:

    amicus summus,

    the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:

    nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,

    id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:

    summa ducum Atrides,

    the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:

    summo rei publicae tempore,

    at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:

    in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

    id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:

    summa salus rei publicae,

    id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,

    res publica,

    id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

    ad summam rem publicam,

    Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:

    quo res summa loco, Panthu?

    the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;

    ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,

    id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:

    quod me sollicitare summe solet,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:

    cupere aliquid,

    id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:

    contendere,

    Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

    diffidere,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

    admirari,

    Quint. 10, 1, 70:

    summe jucundum,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:

    officiosi,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:

    summe disertus vir,

    Quint. 12, 1, 23:

    summe munitus locus,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:

    summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:

    mei summe observantissimus,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > summum

  • 59 Superi

    sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:

    super inferque vicinus,

    Cato, R. R. 149, 1:

    totus super ignis,

    Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    Adj.
    1.
    In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:

    at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:

    omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:

    ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    portae Phrygiae limen,

    id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):

    carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:

    di,

    id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,

    id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

    omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,

    Verg. A. 6, 788:

    supera ad convexa,

    to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):

    lumen,

    Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:

    domus deorum,

    Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;

    so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:

    de supero, quom huc accesserit,

    from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,

    ex supero,

    Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
    2.
    In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):

    supera de parte,

    i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:

    superas evadere ad auras,

    Verg. A. 6, 128:

    superum ad lumen ire,

    id. ib. 6, 680:

    aurae,

    Ov. M. 5, 641:

    orae,

    Verg. A. 2, 91:

    limen,

    id. ib. 6, 680.—
    B.
    Substt.
    1.
    Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
    (α).
    They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:

    multum fleti ad superos,

    i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:

    (Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,

    the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:

    ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,

    Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:

    epistula ad superos scripta,

    i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
    (β).
    (Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:

    quae Superi Manesque dabant,

    Verg. A. 10, 34:

    aspiciunt Superi mortalia,

    Ov. M. 13, 70:

    o Superi!

    id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;

    pro Superi,

    id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:

    terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,

    Verg. A. 1, 4:

    illa propago Contemptrix Superum,

    Ov. M. 1, 161:

    exemplo Superorum,

    id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,

    Superorum,

    id. P. 1, 1, 43:

    postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,

    Verg. A. 3, 2:

    scilicet is Superis labor est,

    id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    flectere Superos,

    Verg. A. 7, 312:

    te per Superos... oro,

    id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
    2.
    sŭpĕra, orum, n.
    (α).
    The heavenly bodies:

    Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

    cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,

    id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
    (β).
    Higher places (sc. loca):

    supera semper petunt,

    tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

    (Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,

    the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
    II.
    Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
    A.
    Lit., of place, higher, upper:

    inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46:

    dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?

    Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:

    in superiore qui habito cenaculo,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:

    tota domus superior vacat,

    the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:

    superior accumbere,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:

    de loco superiore dicere,

    i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

    agere,

    i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;

    and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

    sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,

    id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,

    ex loco superiore,

    id. ib. 3, 4:

    loca,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 4;

    3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,

    id. B. C. 3, 98:

    qui in superiore acie constiterant,

    id. B. G. 1, 24:

    ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,

    i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:

    posteriori superius non jungitur,

    id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:

    superiores solis defectiones,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

    quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,

    id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 58:

    superioribus aestivis,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

    superioribus temporibus,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

    tempus (opp. posterius),

    id. Dom. 37, 99:

    tempora (opp. inferiora),

    Suet. Claud. 41:

    annus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

    anno superiore,

    id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:

    superioris anni acta,

    Suet. Caes. 23:

    in superiore vita,

    Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

    testimonium conveniens superiori facto,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:

    superius facinus novo scelere vincere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

    superioris more crudelitatis uti,

    Nep. Thras. 3, 1:

    superius genus,

    mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:

    nuptiae,

    former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:

    vir,

    first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
    b.
    Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:

    omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 5:

    aetate superiores,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

    superior Africanus,

    the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    Dionysius,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:

    quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,

    Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
    2.
    Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:

    Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65:

    numero superiores,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:

    hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,

    id. ib. 8, 19:

    se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,

    Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:

    semper discessit superior,

    Nep. Hann. 1, 2:

    si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,

    Sall. C. 39, 4:

    ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 15:

    multo superiores bello esse,

    Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:

    superiorem Appium in causa fecit,

    Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
    3.
    Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
    (α).
    With abl. respect.:

    pecuniis superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:

    loco, fortuna, fama superiores,

    id. Lael. 25, 94:

    habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    ordine,

    id. ib. 13, 5, 2:

    facilitate et humanitate superior,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    si superior ceteris rebus esses,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:

    ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:

    premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,

    Liv. 22, 12, 12:

    cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,

    Vell. 2, 101, 1.
    III.
    Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
    A.
    sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
    B.
    sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
    1.
    Lit. (only poet.; cf.

    summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,

    the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,

    montes,

    Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:

    rupes,

    Sen. Oedip. 95:

    arx,

    Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:

    supremae Tethyos unda,

    Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
    (α).
    In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;

    sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:

    quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    supremo te sole domi manebo,

    at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:

    jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,

    last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:

    quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

    Ov. M. 12, 526.—
    (β).
    In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:

    supremo vitae die,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:

    dies,

    id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:

    hora,

    Tib. 1, 1, 59:

    tempus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:

    incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

    i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    mors,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:

    finis,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 12:

    iter,

    id. C. 2, 17, 11:

    lumen,

    Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,

    ore,

    id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:

    haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,

    Verg. A. 8, 583:

    Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,

    in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;

    supremis suis annis,

    in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:

    suprema ejus cura,

    id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:

    spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,

    Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:

    funera,

    Ov. M. 3, 137:

    oscula,

    id. ib. 6, 278:

    tori,

    i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:

    ignis,

    id. Am. 1, 15, 41:

    ignes,

    id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:

    officia,

    Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,

    tabulae,

    Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:

    tituli,

    i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:

    Troiae sorte suprema,

    Verg. A. 5, 190:

    dies regnis,

    Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:

    animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,

    for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:

    anima exitura supremo,

    Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
    1.
    sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):

    ventum ad supremum est,

    Verg. A. 12, 803.—
    2.
    suprēma, orum, n.
    (α).
    The last moments, the close of life, death:

    ut me in supremis consolatus est!

    Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:

    statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,

    the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:

    circa suprema Neronis,

    the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
    (β).
    The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:

    supremis divi Augusti,

    Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:

    suprema ferre (sc. munera),

    Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
    (γ).
    A last will, testament:

    nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,

    Tac. A. 1, 8:

    miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,

    Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
    (δ).
    The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med.
    b.
    Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:

    multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,

    Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:

    macies,

    Verg. A. 3, 590:

    Juppiter supreme,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:

    med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,

    most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
    C.
    summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
    1.
    Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):

    summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,

    the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):

    summum jugum montis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

    summus mons,

    the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:

    feriunt summos fulmina montes,

    the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:

    locus castrorum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 23:

    in summa sacra via,

    on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    in summa columna conlocare,

    id. Div. 1, 24, 48:

    quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    Janus summus ab imo,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:

    ad aquam summam appropinquare,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    in aqua summa natare,

    the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:

    apud summum puteum,

    id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:

    per summa volare aequora,

    Verg. A. 5, 819:

    summa cacumina linquunt,

    id. ib. 6, 678:

    mari summo,

    id. ib. 1, 110:

    prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,

    id. ib. 6, 357:

    summaque per galeam delibans oscula,

    id. ib. 12, 434:

    amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,

    Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:

    summam cutem novacula decerpito,

    Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:

    summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,

    I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:

    standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,

    a summo dare (bibere),

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
    b.
    summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:

    ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

    qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:

    leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,

    id. Div. 1, 17, 30:

    igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,

    Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:

    puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:

    nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,

    Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:

    summa petere,

    Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
    2.
    Transf., of the voice:

    jubeo te salvere voce summa,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:

    citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,

    at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:

    vox (opp. ima),

    Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:

    summo haec clamore,

    Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:

    exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,

    Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:

    bis, terve summum,

    id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

    triduo aut summum quatriduo,

    id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):

    haec est praestituta summa argento dies,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,

    venit summa dies,

    Verg. A. 2, 324:

    ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:

    cum esset summa senectute,

    id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:

    in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,

    Luc. 2, 211:

    summo carmine,

    at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:

    eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,

    the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;

    quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

    at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:

    nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,

    Albin. 1, 137. —
    b.
    Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):

    summi puerorum amores,

    Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

    spes civium,

    id. ib. 3, 11:

    fides, constantia justitiaque,

    id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:

    qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,

    id. ib. 6, 20:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:

    tres fratres summo loco nati,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    qui summo magistratui praeerat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

    concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:

    quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,

    id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:

    turpitudo,

    id. Lael. 17, 61:

    summum in cruciatum se venire,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

    scelus,

    Sall. C. 12, 5:

    hiems,

    the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:

    cum aestas summa esse coeperat,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:

    ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,

    id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

    summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,

    id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:

    summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,

    id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

    optimi et summi viri diligentia,

    id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:

    summus Juppiter,

    id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:

    ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,

    id. Am. 1, 2, 6:

    miles summi inperatoris,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:

    amicus summus,

    the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:

    nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,

    id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:

    summa ducum Atrides,

    the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:

    summo rei publicae tempore,

    at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:

    in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

    id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:

    summa salus rei publicae,

    id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,

    res publica,

    id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

    ad summam rem publicam,

    Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:

    quo res summa loco, Panthu?

    the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;

    ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,

    id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:

    quod me sollicitare summe solet,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:

    cupere aliquid,

    id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:

    contendere,

    Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

    diffidere,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

    admirari,

    Quint. 10, 1, 70:

    summe jucundum,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:

    officiosi,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:

    summe disertus vir,

    Quint. 12, 1, 23:

    summe munitus locus,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:

    summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:

    mei summe observantissimus,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Superi

  • 60 superus

    sŭpĕrus, a, um (ante-class. collat. form of the nom. sing. sŭpĕr in two passages:

    super inferque vicinus,

    Cato, R. R. 149, 1:

    totus super ignis,

    Lucr. 1, 649; gen. plur. in signif. I. B. 1. infra, superum, Verg. A. 1, 4; Ov. M. 1, 251 et saep.), adj. [super].
    I.
    Posit.
    A.
    Adj.
    1.
    In gen., that is above, upper, higher: inferus an superus tibi fert deus funera, Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 606 P.:

    at ita me di deaeque superi atque inferi et medioxumi,

    Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 36:

    omnes di deaeque superi, inferi,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 6:

    ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    limen superum inferumque salve,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 1:

    portae Phrygiae limen,

    id. Bacch. 4, 9, 31; 4, 9, 63; Novat. ap. Non. p. 336, 13 (Com. Rel. v. 49 Rib.):

    carmine di superi placantur, carmine manes,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 138:

    di,

    id. C. 1, 1, 30; 4, 7, 18:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    ut omnia supera, infera, prima, ultima, media videremus,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium,

    id. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

    omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes,

    Verg. A. 6, 788:

    supera ad convexa,

    to heaven, id. ib. 6, 241 (Rib. super); 6, 750; 10, 251: cum superum lumen nox intempesta teneret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 14 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):

    lumen,

    Lucr. 6, 856: templum superi Jovis, i. e. of the Capitoline Jupiter (opp. Juppiter inferus, i. e. Pluto), Cat. 55, 5; Sen. Herc. Fur. 48:

    domus deorum,

    Ov. M. 4, 735: mare superum, the upper, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea), Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 11; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; id. Att. 9, 3, 1; Liv. 41, 1, 3; Mel. 2, 4, 1; Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 44; Suet. Caes. 34; 44;

    so without mare (colloq.): iter ad superum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 5, 1.—Adverb.:

    de supero, quom huc accesserit,

    from above, Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 18; so,

    ex supero,

    Lucr. 2, 227; 2, 241; 2, 248. —
    2.
    In partic., upper, i. e. of the upper regions or upper world (opp. the lower regions):

    supera de parte,

    i. e. of the earth, Lucr. 6, 855:

    superas evadere ad auras,

    Verg. A. 6, 128:

    superum ad lumen ire,

    id. ib. 6, 680:

    aurae,

    Ov. M. 5, 641:

    orae,

    Verg. A. 2, 91:

    limen,

    id. ib. 6, 680.—
    B.
    Substt.
    1.
    Sŭpĕri, orum, m.
    (α).
    They who are above (opp. inferi, those in the dungeon), Plaut. Aul. 2, 7, 6:

    multum fleti ad superos,

    i. e. those living on earth, Verg. A. 6, 481:

    (Pompeius) Quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, illibatam detulisset ad Inferos,

    the inhabitants of the upper world, Vell. 2, 48, 2; cf.:

    ut oblitos superum paterere dolores,

    Val. Fl. 1, 792: si nunc redire posset ad superos pater, Poet. ap. Charis. 5, p. 252:

    epistula ad superos scripta,

    i. e. to the survivors, Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248.—
    (β).
    (Sc. di.) The gods above, the celestial deities:

    quae Superi Manesque dabant,

    Verg. A. 10, 34:

    aspiciunt Superi mortalia,

    Ov. M. 13, 70:

    o Superi!

    id. ib. 1, 196; 14, 729;

    pro Superi,

    id. Tr. 1, 2, 59:

    terris jactatus et alto Vi Superum,

    Verg. A. 1, 4:

    illa propago Contemptrix Superum,

    Ov. M. 1, 161:

    exemplo Superorum,

    id. Tr. 4, 4, 19; so,

    Superorum,

    id. P. 1, 1, 43:

    postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis,

    Verg. A. 3, 2:

    scilicet is Superis labor est,

    id. ib. 4, 379; Hor. C. 1, 6, 16:

    superis deorum Gratus et imis,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 19:

    flectere Superos,

    Verg. A. 7, 312:

    te per Superos... oro,

    id. ib. 2, 141 et saep.—
    2.
    sŭpĕra, orum, n.
    (α).
    The heavenly bodies:

    Hicetas caelum, solem, lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; cf.:

    cogitantes supera atque caelestia, haec nostra contemnimus,

    id. ib. 2, 41, 127: di, quibus est potestas motus superum atque inferum, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 25, 38 (Trag. Rel. v. 163 Vahl.).—
    (β).
    Higher places (sc. loca):

    supera semper petunt,

    tend upwards, Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

    (Alecto) Cocyti petit sedem, supera ardua relinquens,

    the upper world, Verg. A. 7, 562.
    II.
    Comp.: sŭpĕrĭor, ius.
    A.
    Lit., of place, higher, upper:

    inferiore omni spatio vacuo relicto, superiorem partem collis castris compleverant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46:

    dejectus qui potest esse quisquam, nisi in inferiorem locum de superiore motus?

    Cic. Caecin. 18, 50:

    in superiore qui habito cenaculo,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 1, 3:

    tota domus superior vacat,

    the upper part of, Cic. Att. 12, 10:

    superior accumbere,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 42:

    de loco superiore dicere,

    i. e. from the tribunal, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 102:

    agere,

    i. e. from the rostra, id. ib. 2, 1, 5, § 14;

    and in gen. of the position of the speaker: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

    sive ex inferiore loco sive ex aequo sive ex superiore loquitur,

    id. de Or. 3, 6, 23: ex loco superiore in ipsis fluminis ripis praeliabantur, from a height or eminence, Caes. B. G. 2, 23; so,

    ex loco superiore,

    id. ib. 3, 4:

    loca,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 4;

    3, 3, 2: ex superioribus locis in planitiem descendere,

    id. B. C. 3, 98:

    qui in superiore acie constiterant,

    id. B. G. 1, 24:

    ex superiore et ex inferiore scriptura docendum,

    i. e. what goes before and after, the context, Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 117; cf.:

    posteriori superius non jungitur,

    id. Ac. 2, 14, 44.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of time or order of succession, former, past, previous, preceding:

    superiores solis defectiones,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

    quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris,

    id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    refecto ponte, quem superioribus diebus hostes resciderant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 58:

    superioribus aestivis,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:

    superioribus temporibus,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 1:

    tempus (opp. posterius),

    id. Dom. 37, 99:

    tempora (opp. inferiora),

    Suet. Claud. 41:

    annus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47:

    anno superiore,

    id. Har. Resp. 8, 15:

    superioris anni acta,

    Suet. Caes. 23:

    in superiore vita,

    Cic. Sen. 8, 26: milites superioribus proeliis exercitati, [p. 1811] Caes. B. G. 2, 20:

    testimonium conveniens superiori facto,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 53:

    superius facinus novo scelere vincere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 116:

    superioris more crudelitatis uti,

    Nep. Thras. 3, 1:

    superius genus,

    mentioned previously, Plin. 13, 25, 48, § 146:

    nuptiae,

    former marriage, Cic. Clu. 6, 15:

    vir,

    first husband, id. Caecin. 6, 17.—
    b.
    Esp., of age, time of life, etc., older, elder, senior, more advanced, former:

    omnis juventus omnesque superioris aetatis,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 5:

    aetate superiores,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

    superior Africanus,

    the Elder, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 25; id. Off. 1, 33, 121:

    Dionysius,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 25; Nep. Dion, 1, 1; cf.:

    quid est aetas hominis, nisi memoria rerum veterum cum superiorum aetate contexitur,

    Cic. Or. 34, 120.—
    2.
    Of strength or success in battle or any contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior:

    Caesar quod hostes equitatu superiores esse intellegebat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65:

    numero superiores,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 12:

    hoc ipso fiunt superiores, quod nullum acceperant detrimentum,

    id. ib. 8, 19:

    se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum,

    Cic. Caecin. 1, 2:

    semper discessit superior,

    Nep. Hann. 1, 2:

    si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset,

    Sall. C. 39, 4:

    ut nostri omnibus partibus superiores fuerint,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 15:

    multo superiores bello esse,

    Nep. Alcib. 4, 7:

    superiorem Appium in causa fecit,

    Liv. 5, 7, 1.—
    3.
    Of quality, condition, number, etc., higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.
    (α).
    With abl. respect.:

    pecuniis superiores,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59:

    loco, fortuna, fama superiores,

    id. Lael. 25, 94:

    habes neminem honoris gradu superiorem,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    ordine,

    id. ib. 13, 5, 2:

    facilitate et humanitate superior,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    si superior ceteris rebus esses,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    ut ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitia, sic quodam modo inferiores extollere,

    Cic. Lael. 20, 72; cf. id. ib. 20, 71:

    ut quanto superiores sumus, tanto nos geramus summissius,

    id. Off. 1, 26, 90:

    invident homines maxime paribus aut inferioribus... sed etiam superioribus invidetur,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 209:

    premendoque superiorem sese extollebat,

    Liv. 22, 12, 12:

    cui omnem honorem, ut superiori habuit,

    Vell. 2, 101, 1.
    III.
    Sup., in three forms, ‡ superrimus, supremus, and summus.
    A.
    sŭperrĭmus, assumed as orig. form of supremus by Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Mull.; Charis. p. 130 P.—
    B.
    sū̆prēmus, a, um, highest, loftiest, topmost.
    1.
    Lit. (only poet.; cf.

    summus, C. 1.): montesque supremos Silvifragis vexat flabris,

    the highest points, the tops, summits, Lucr. 1, 274; so,

    montes,

    Verg. G. 4, 460; Hor. Epod. 17, 68:

    rupes,

    Sen. Oedip. 95:

    arx,

    Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 167; cf.:

    supremae Tethyos unda,

    Mart. Spect. 3, 6.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, extreme, final, = ultimus (class.).
    (α).
    In gen.: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10.—Hence, as subst.: suprēma, ae, f. (sc. tempestas), the last part of the day, the hour of sunset: suprema summum diei; hoc tempus duodecim Tabulae dicunt occasum esse solis;

    sed postea lex praetoria id quoque tempus jubet esse supremum, quo praeco in comitio supremam pronuntiavit populo,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Mull.; cf. Censor. de Die Nat. 24; Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 212:

    quae (urbs), quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    supremo te sole domi manebo,

    at sunset, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 3:

    jubare exorto jam nocte suprema, Col. poet. 10, 294: in te suprema salus,

    last hope, Verg. A. 12, 653: supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the last or finishing hand, Ov. R. Am. 114. — suprēmum, adverb., for the last time:

    quae mihi tunc primum, tunc est conspecta supremum,

    Ov. M. 12, 526.—
    (β).
    In partic., with regard to the close of life, last, closing, dying:

    supremo vitae die,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; id. Sen. 21, 78; id. Mur. 36, 75:

    dies,

    id. Phil. 1, 14, 34; Hor. C. 1, 13, 20; id. Ep. 1, 4, 13:

    hora,

    Tib. 1, 1, 59:

    tempus,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 98; Cat. 64, 151:

    incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

    i. e. the penalty of death, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    mors,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 173:

    finis,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 12:

    iter,

    id. C. 2, 17, 11:

    lumen,

    Verg. A. 6, 735: sociamque tori vocat ore supremo, with his dying mouth, dying breath, Ov. M. 8, 521; so,

    ore,

    id. Tr. 3, 3, 87:

    haec digressu dicta supremo Fundebat,

    Verg. A. 8, 583:

    Nero in suprema ira duos calices crystallinos fregit,

    in his last agony, Plin. 37, 2, 10, § 29;

    supremis suis annis,

    in his last years, id. 23, 1, 27, § 58:

    suprema ejus cura,

    id. 7, 45, 46, § 150:

    spoliatus illius supremi diei celebritate,

    Cic. Mil. 32, 86: honor, the last honors, i. e. funeral rites or ceremonies, Verg. A. 11, 61:

    funera,

    Ov. M. 3, 137:

    oscula,

    id. ib. 6, 278:

    tori,

    i. e. biers, id. F. 6, 668:

    ignis,

    id. Am. 1, 15, 41:

    ignes,

    id. M. 2, 620; 13, 583:

    officia,

    Tac. A. 5, 2; Petr. 112, 1: judicia hominum, a last will or testament, Quint. 6, 3, 92; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7; 7, 31, 5; so,

    tabulae,

    Mart. 5, 33, 1; 5, 41, 1:

    tituli,

    i. e. an epitaph, id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—So of cities, etc.:

    Troiae sorte suprema,

    Verg. A. 5, 190:

    dies regnis,

    Ov. F. 2, 852. — suprēmum and suprēmō, adverb.:

    animam sepulcro Condimus, et magna supremum voce ciemus,

    for the last time, for a last farewell, Verg. A. 3, 68; Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; Tac. H. 4, 14; Ov. M. 12, 526:

    anima exitura supremo,

    Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Substt.
    1.
    sŭprēmum, i, n., the last moment, end (very rare):

    ventum ad supremum est,

    Verg. A. 12, 803.—
    2.
    suprēma, orum, n.
    (α).
    The last moments, the close of life, death:

    ut me in supremis consolatus est!

    Quint. 6, prooem. § 11; Tac. A. 6, 50; 12, 66; cf.:

    statua Herculis sentiens suprema tunicae,

    the last agonies caused by it, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 93:

    circa suprema Neronis,

    the time of his death, id. 16, 44, 86, § 236; 7, 3, 3, § 33.—
    (β).
    The last honors paid to the dead, funeral rites or ceremonies, a funeral:

    supremis divi Augusti,

    Plin. 7, 3, 3, § 33; 16, 44, 86, § 236; Tac. A. 1, 61; 3, 49; 4, 44; id. H. 4, 59; 4, 45:

    suprema ferre (sc. munera),

    Verg. A. 6, 213; cf. id. ib. 11, 25 al.—
    (γ).
    A last will, testament:

    nihil primo senatus die agi passus, nisi de supremis Augusti,

    Tac. A. 1, 8:

    miles in supremis ordinandis ignarus uxorem esse praegnantem, etc.,

    Dig. 29, 1, 36, § 2.—
    (δ).
    The relics, remains of a burned corpse, the ashes, = reliquiae, Amm. 25, 9, 12; Sol. 1 med.
    b.
    Of degree or rank, the highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme:

    multa, quae appellatur suprema, instituta in singulos duarum ovium, triginta boum... ultra quam (numerum) multam dicere in singulos jus non est, et propterea suprema appellatur, id est, summa et maxima,

    Gell. 11, 1, 2 sq.:

    macies,

    Verg. A. 3, 590:

    Juppiter supreme,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 55; id. Capt. 2, 3, 66; 5, 2, 23; id. Ps. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 42: Junonis supremus conjunx, Poet. ap. Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 115:

    med antidhac Supremum habuisti com item consiliis tuis,

    most intimate, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 15.—
    C.
    summus, a, um [from sup-imus, sup-mus], uppermost, highest, topmost; the top of, highest part of (cf. Roby, Gram. 2, § 1295).
    1.
    Lit. (class., while supremus is mostly poet.):

    summum oportet olfactare vestimentum muliebre,

    the top, outside of, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 56: Galli summa arcis adorti Moenia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4 (Ann. v. 169 Vahl.): Thyestes summis saxis fixus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 413 ib.): montibus summis, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 71 Mull. (Epigr. v. 43 ib.):

    summum jugum montis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

    summus mons,

    the top of, id. ib. 1, 22:

    feriunt summos fulmina montes,

    the mountain tops, Hor. C. 2, 10, 11; cf.: in summo montis vertice, Poet. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 48:

    locus castrorum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 23:

    in summa sacra via,

    on the highest part of, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; cf. id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    in summa columna conlocare,

    id. Div. 1, 24, 48:

    quam (urbem) ad summum theatrum,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

    Janus summus ab imo,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 54:

    ad aquam summam appropinquare,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 64: mento summam aquam attingens enectus siti, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

    in aqua summa natare,

    the top, surface of, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 33:

    apud summum puteum,

    id. Mil. 4, 4, 16:

    per summa volare aequora,

    Verg. A. 5, 819:

    summa cacumina linquunt,

    id. ib. 6, 678:

    mari summo,

    id. ib. 1, 110:

    prospexi Italiam summa ab unda,

    id. ib. 6, 357:

    summaque per galeam delibans oscula,

    id. ib. 12, 434:

    amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro,

    Nep. Hann. 9, 3: summa procul villarum culmina fumant, Verg. E. 1, 83:

    summam cutem novacula decerpito,

    Col. 12, 56, 1.—Of position, place, at table:

    summus ego (in triclinio) et prope me Viscus Thurinus et infra Varius, etc.,

    I was highest, I reclined at the top, Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—Hence, subst.: summus, i, m., he who sits in the highest place, at the head of the table:

    standum est in lecto, si quid de summo petas,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 27: is sermo, qui more majorum a summo adhibetur in poculis, by the head of the table, i. e. by the president of the feast, Cic. Sen. 14, 46; so,

    a summo dare (bibere),

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; Pers. 5, 1, 19.—
    b.
    summum, i, n., the top, surface; the highest place, the head of the table, etc.:

    ab ejus (frontis) summo, sicut palmae, rami quam late diffunduntur,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 26:

    qui demersi sunt in aqua... si non longe absunt a summo,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 48:

    leviter a summo inflexum bacillum,

    id. Div. 1, 17, 30:

    igitur discubuere... in summo Antonius,

    Sall. H. 3, 4 Dietsch:

    puteos ac potius fontes habet: sunt enim in summo,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 25:

    nuces mersit in vinum et sive in summum redierant, sive subsederant, etc.,

    Petr. 137 fin.: oratori summa riguerunt, the extremities of his body, Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3.—In mal. part.:

    summa petere,

    Mart. 11, 46, 6; Auct. Priap. 76.—
    2.
    Transf., of the voice:

    jubeo te salvere voce summa,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 30; cf.:

    citaret Io Bacche! modo summa Voce, modo, etc.,

    at the top of his voice, Hor. S. 1, 3, 7:

    vox (opp. ima),

    Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    summa voce versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; cf.:

    summo haec clamore,

    Plaut. Merc. prol. 59. —Adverb.: summum, at the utmost or farthest:

    exspectabam hodie, aut summum cras,

    Cic. Att. 13, 21, 2:

    bis, terve summum,

    id. Fam. 2, 1, 1:

    triduo aut summum quatriduo,

    id. Mil. 9, 26; cf. Liv. 21, 35, and 31, 42 Drak.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of time or order of succession, last, latest, final (rare but class.):

    haec est praestituta summa argento dies,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; so,

    venit summa dies,

    Verg. A. 2, 324:

    ad summam senectutem jactari, quam, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1: vixit ad summam senectutem, to extreme old age, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 31:

    cum esset summa senectute,

    id. Phil. 8, 10, 31:

    in fluvium primi cecidere, in corpora summi,

    Luc. 2, 211:

    summo carmine,

    at the end, Hor. C. 3, 28, 13:

    eadem in argumentis ratio est, ut potentissima prima et summa ponantur,

    the first and the last, at the beginning and the end, Quint. 6, 4, 22; cf. neutr. absol.: Celsus putat, primo firmum aliquod (argumentum) esse ponendum, summo firmissimum, imbecilliora medio;

    quia et initio movendus sit judex et summo impellendus,

    at the last, at the close, id. 7, 1, 10.— Adverb.: summum, for the last time:

    nunc ego te infelix summum teneoque tuorque,

    Albin. 1, 137. —
    b.
    Of rank, etc., highest, greatest, first, supreme, best, utmost, extreme; most distinguished, excellent, or noble; most important, weighty, or critical, etc. (so most freq. in prose and poetry): summa nituntur vi, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 168 Vahl.): bellum gerentes summum summa industria, id. ap. Non. p. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 104 ib.):

    summi puerorum amores,

    Cic. Lael. 10, 33:

    spes civium,

    id. ib. 3, 11:

    fides, constantia justitiaque,

    id. ib. 7, 25: in amore summo summaque inopia, Caec. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 72:

    qui in virtute summum bonum ponunt,

    id. ib. 6, 20:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4:

    tres fratres summo loco nati,

    id. Fam. 2, 18, 2:

    qui summo magistratui praeerat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

    concedunt in uno Cn. Pompeio summa esse omnia,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 51:

    quae (vitia) summo opere vitare oportebit,

    id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:

    turpitudo,

    id. Lael. 17, 61:

    summum in cruciatum se venire,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

    scelus,

    Sall. C. 12, 5:

    hiems,

    the depth of winter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. Fam. 13, 60, 2:

    cum aestas summa esse coeperat,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; 2, 5, 31, § 80:

    ut summi virtute et animo praeessent imbecillioribus,

    id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:

    summi ex Graecia sapientissimique homines,

    id. ib. 1, 22, 36; cf.:

    summi homines ac summis ingeniis praediti,

    id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:

    optimi et summi viri diligentia,

    id. Rep. 1, 35, 54: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis [p. 1812] id. ib. 1, 34, 53: He. Quo honore'st illic? Ph. Summo atque ab summis viris, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 29:

    summus Juppiter,

    id. Cist. 2, 1, 40:

    ubi summus imperator non adest ad exercitum,

    id. Am. 1, 2, 6:

    miles summi inperatoris,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: deum qui non summum putet (amorem), Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68:

    amicus summus,

    the best friend, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8 (9), 60; 1, 1, 1; id. And. 5, 6, 6; cf. absol.:

    nam is nostro Simulo fuit summus,

    id. Ad. 3, 2, 54; so id. Eun. 2, 2, 40.— Poet. in neutr. plur.:

    summa ducum Atrides,

    the chief, Ov. Am. 1, 9, 37; cf. Lucr. 1, 86:

    summo rei publicae tempore,

    at a most important period, most critical juncture, Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:

    in summo et periculosissimo rei publicae tempore,

    id. Fl. 3, 6; cf.:

    summa salus rei publicae,

    id. Cat. 1, 5, 11: quod summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur, the highest welfare of the State, the common welfare, the good of the State, the whole State or commonwealth, id. Rosc. Am. 51, 148; so,

    res publica,

    id. Planc. 27, 66; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 28; id. Cat. 1, 6, 14; 3, 6, 13; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

    ad summam rem publicam,

    Liv. 33, 45, 4 al.:

    quo res summa loco, Panthu?

    the general cause, Verg. A. 2, 322: mene igitur socium summis adjungere rebus, Nise, fugis? in these enterprises of highest moment, etc., id. ib. 9, 199; esp.: summum jus, a right pushed to an extreme:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    deal exactingly, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 4; cf.: exsistunt etiam saepe injuriae calumnia quadam et nimis callida juris interpretatione;

    ex quo illud summum jus summa injuria factum est, jam tritum sermone proverbium,

    id. Off. 1, 10, 33. — Hence, summē, adv., in the highest degree, most highly or greatly, extremely:

    quod me sollicitare summe solet,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 72, 295:

    cupere aliquid,

    id. Quint. 21, 69; Caes. B. C. 3, 15:

    contendere,

    Cic. Quint. 24, 77: studere, Mat. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 2:

    diffidere,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

    admirari,

    Quint. 10, 1, 70:

    summe jucundum,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 18, 2:

    officiosi,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:

    summe disertus vir,

    Quint. 12, 1, 23:

    summe munitus locus,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 31:

    summe haec omnia mihi videntur esse laudanda,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57:

    mei summe observantissimus,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 26 (11), 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > superus

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