alpēs

Alpes, ĭum (rare in sing., Alpis, is, = hê Alpis; cf. Rudd. I. p. 157, n. 78), f., = hai Alpeis [v. albus], High mountains; and kat exochên, the high mountains of Switzerland, the Alps, unknown to the Romans, in their whole extent, until the time of Augustus. The three principal ranges, running S.W. and N.E., are,

The western division between Italy and France.

Alpes Maritimae, the Maritime Alps, extending from the sources of the Var, in a S.E. direction, to the sea, between the present Nice and Piedmont. North of these are,

Alpes Cottiae (so called from Cottius, a prefect in that region under Augustus), the Cottian Alps, west of Augusta Taurinorum, whose highest peak was Alpis Cottia, now Mont Genevre. Next to these, on the north.

Alpes Graiae (Graiae, a Celtic word of uncertain signif., sometimes falsely referred to Hercules Graius, Nep. Hann. 3, 4), the Graian Alps, extending to Mont Blanc (Alpis Graia is the Little St. Bernard).—

East of these, the middle division, as the northern boundary of Italy.

Alpes Penninae (so called from the deity Penninus, worshipped there; acc. to some, with the orthog. Poeninae, erroneously, with reference to Hannibal), the Pennine or Vallisian Alps, between Vallais and Upper Italy, whose highest peak, Mons Penninus, the Great St. Bernard, seems to have been out little known even in the time of Cæsar; v. Caes. B. G. 3, 1.—Connected with these on the N.E. are,

Alpes Lepontinae, the Lepontine Alps, the eastern continuation of which are,

Alpes Rhaeticae, the Rhœtian or Tyrolese Alps, extending to the Great Glockner.—

The eastern division.

Alpes Noricae, the Noric or Salzburg Alps. —

Alpes Carnicae, the Carnic Alps. —

Alpes Juliae (prob. so callea from the Forum Julii, situated near), the Julian Alps, extending to the Adriatic Sea and Illyria.—Cf. Mann Ital. I. p. 31 sq.; I p. 263; I. p. 271; I. p. 192; I. p. 189; id. Germ. p. 546:

Alpes aëriae,

Verg. G. 3, 474:

hibernae,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 41: gelidae. Luc. 1, 183: saevae Juv. 10, 166 al.—In sing.: quot in Alpe ferae. Ov. A. A. 3, 150: Alpis nubiferae colles. Luc. 1, 688:

opposuit natura Alpemque nivemque. Juv 10, 152: emissus ab Alpe,

Claud. B. Gild. 82; id. Cons. Stil. 3, 285.—

Appel. for any high mountain (only poet.):

gemmae Alpes,

the Alps and Pyrenees, Sil. 2, 833; Sid. Apol. 5, 593; Prud. steph. 3, 538.—Of Athos, Sid. Apol. 2, 510; 9, 43.

con-spŭo, no perf., ūtum, 3, v. a. and n.

Act., to spit upon (rare;

most freq. in Petr.): me immundissimo basio,

Petr. 23, 4.—Esp., to spit upon in contempt, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 17; Petr. 132, 3; Hier. Ep. 50, n. 4; cf.

Barth. Advers. 23, 24.—Of an epileptic: faciem tuam,

App. Mag. 44, p. 303, 1: conspuere sinus, as a charm to prevent the gods from being provoked by proud words, Juv. 7, 111 Mayor ad loc.; cf. spuo, I.—

Poet., in a harsh and undignified figure, = conspergere, to besprinkle, to cover over: Juppiter hibernas canā nive conspuit Alpes, Furius Bibaculus ap. Quint. 8, 6, 17;

for which Horace, parodying it, writes: Furius hibernas cana nive conspuet Alpes,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 41; cf. the scholiast in h. 1.—

Neutr., to spit out much, to spit:

faciem meam non averti a conspuentibus in me,

Vulg. Isa. 50, 6.

Cottĭus, ii, m., the name of two kings of northern Italy, the father, who was a contemporary and friend of Augustus, Amm. 15, 10, 2 and 7, and the son (cf. Dio Cass. 60, 14), after whose death Nero made the country a Roman province, Suet. Ner. 18; id. Tib. 37; Aur. Vict. Caes. 5, 2.—Hence,

Cottĭus, a, um, Cottian: Alpes Cottiae, the Cottian Alps, west of Augusta Taurinorum, whose highest point is Alpis Cottia, now Mont Genèvre, Tac. H. 1, 87; Amm. 15, 10, 2.—

Cottĭānus, a, um, the same:

civitates,

Plin. 3, 20, 24, § 135:

Alpes,

Tac. H. 1, 61; 4, 68.

Cottĭus, ii, m., the name of two kings of northern Italy, the father, who was a contemporary and friend of Augustus, Amm. 15, 10, 2 and 7, and the son (cf. Dio Cass. 60, 14), after whose death Nero made the country a Roman province, Suet. Ner. 18; id. Tib. 37; Aur. Vict. Caes. 5, 2.—Hence,

Cottĭus, a, um, Cottian: Alpes Cottiae, the Cottian Alps, west of Augusta Taurinorum, whose highest point is Alpis Cottia, now Mont Genèvre, Tac. H. 1, 87; Amm. 15, 10, 2.—

Cottĭānus, a, um, the same:

civitates,

Plin. 3, 20, 24, § 135:

Alpes,

Tac. H. 1, 61; 4, 68.

Grāii or Grāi, ōrum ( gen. plur. Graium, Enn. ap. Prob. ad Verg. E. 6, 31; Lucr. 2, 600; 5, 405; 6, 754 et saep.), m., a less freq. and mostly poet. form for Graeci, the Grecians, Greeks: Musas quas Grai memorant, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll. (Ann. v. 2 Vahl.): cujus ob os Grai ora obvertebant sua, Poët. (perh. Enn.) ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 18, 39:

Pergama circum Hac fugerent Grai,

Verg. A. 1, 467:

est locus, Hesperiam Grai cognomine dicunt,

id. ib. 1, 530; cf. Lucr. 3, 100:

Graiorum obscura reperta,

id. 1, 137:

fas mihi Graiorum sacrata resolvere jura,

Verg. A. 2, 157:

de tot Graiorum millibus,

Ov. M. 13, 241.—In prose:

si ut Graeci dicunt, omnes aut Graios esse aut barbaros, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 37; 2, 4, 9; 3, 9, 15; 6, 16; id. Inv. 2, 23, 70; id. N. D. 3, 21, 53.—In sing.: Grāius, i, m., a Greek, Verg. A. 3, 594; Cic. N. D. 2, 36, 91; id. Inv. 1, 24, 35.—

Deriv.: Grāius, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Greeks, Grecian, Greek: navus repertus homo, Graio patre, Graius homo, rex, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 169 Müll. (Ann. v. 183); so,

homo,

Lucr. 1, 66; Verg. A. 10, 720:

gens,

Lucr. 3, 3:

urbes,

Verg. A. 3, 295; 6, 97:

jubae,

id. ib. 2, 412:

nomen,

id. ib. 3, 210:

Camena,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 38:

Alpes,

the Grecian Alps, Plin. 3, 20, 24, § 134:

Alpium fores,

id. 3, 17, 21, § 123; v. Alpes;

also called saltus,

Nep. Hann. 3, 4.

Grāii or Grāi, ōrum ( gen. plur. Graium, Enn. ap. Prob. ad Verg. E. 6, 31; Lucr. 2, 600; 5, 405; 6, 754 et saep.), m., a less freq. and mostly poet. form for Graeci, the Grecians, Greeks: Musas quas Grai memorant, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll. (Ann. v. 2 Vahl.): cujus ob os Grai ora obvertebant sua, Poët. (perh. Enn.) ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 18, 39:

Pergama circum Hac fugerent Grai,

Verg. A. 1, 467:

est locus, Hesperiam Grai cognomine dicunt,

id. ib. 1, 530; cf. Lucr. 3, 100:

Graiorum obscura reperta,

id. 1, 137:

fas mihi Graiorum sacrata resolvere jura,

Verg. A. 2, 157:

de tot Graiorum millibus,

Ov. M. 13, 241.—In prose:

si ut Graeci dicunt, omnes aut Graios esse aut barbaros, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 37; 2, 4, 9; 3, 9, 15; 6, 16; id. Inv. 2, 23, 70; id. N. D. 3, 21, 53.—In sing.: Grāius, i, m., a Greek, Verg. A. 3, 594; Cic. N. D. 2, 36, 91; id. Inv. 1, 24, 35.—

Deriv.: Grāius, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Greeks, Grecian, Greek: navus repertus homo, Graio patre, Graius homo, rex, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 169 Müll. (Ann. v. 183); so,

homo,

Lucr. 1, 66; Verg. A. 10, 720:

gens,

Lucr. 3, 3:

urbes,

Verg. A. 3, 295; 6, 97:

jubae,

id. ib. 2, 412:

nomen,

id. ib. 3, 210:

Camena,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 38:

Alpes,

the Grecian Alps, Plin. 3, 20, 24, § 134:

Alpium fores,

id. 3, 17, 21, § 123; v. Alpes;

also called saltus,

Nep. Hann. 3, 4.

Raeti ( Rhaeti), ōrum, m., the Rætians, a mountain people north of the Po, between the Danube, the Rhine, and the Lech, Plin. 3, 20, 24, § 133; 3, 19, 23, § 130; Liv. 5, 33 fin.; Just. 20, 5, 9; Tac. H. 1, 68; 3, 5; 53; Hor. C. 4, 14, 15 al.— Hence,

Raetia [p. 1522] ( Rhaetia), ae, f., the country of the Ræti, Rætia, Tac. A. 1, 44; id. H. 2, 98; 3, 5 et saep.—

Raetĭcus ( Rhaetĭcus), a, um, adj., Rætian:

oppida,

Plin. 3, 19, 23, § 130:

Alpes,

Tac. G. 1:

bellum,

Suet. Tib. 9:

arma,

Ov. Tr. 2, 226:

copiae,

Tac. H. 1, 59 fin.:

vinum (of excellent quality),

Verg. G. 2, 96; Col. 3, 2, 27; Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; 14, 6, 8, § 67; Suet. Aug. 77; Mart. 14, 100 al.—

Raetius, a, um, adj., Rætian:

provincia,

Tac. G. 41.—

Raetus, a, um, adj., Rætian:

Alpes,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 17.

Raeti ( Rhaeti), ōrum, m., the Rætians, a mountain people north of the Po, between the Danube, the Rhine, and the Lech, Plin. 3, 20, 24, § 133; 3, 19, 23, § 130; Liv. 5, 33 fin.; Just. 20, 5, 9; Tac. H. 1, 68; 3, 5; 53; Hor. C. 4, 14, 15 al.— Hence,

Raetia [p. 1522] ( Rhaetia), ae, f., the country of the Ræti, Rætia, Tac. A. 1, 44; id. H. 2, 98; 3, 5 et saep.—

Raetĭcus ( Rhaetĭcus), a, um, adj., Rætian:

oppida,

Plin. 3, 19, 23, § 130:

Alpes,

Tac. G. 1:

bellum,

Suet. Tib. 9:

arma,

Ov. Tr. 2, 226:

copiae,

Tac. H. 1, 59 fin.:

vinum (of excellent quality),

Verg. G. 2, 96; Col. 3, 2, 27; Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; 14, 6, 8, § 67; Suet. Aug. 77; Mart. 14, 100 al.—

Raetius, a, um, adj., Rætian:

provincia,

Tac. G. 41.—

Raetus, a, um, adj., Rætian:

Alpes,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 17.

Raeti ( Rhaeti), ōrum, m., the Rætians, a mountain people north of the Po, between the Danube, the Rhine, and the Lech, Plin. 3, 20, 24, § 133; 3, 19, 23, § 130; Liv. 5, 33 fin.; Just. 20, 5, 9; Tac. H. 1, 68; 3, 5; 53; Hor. C. 4, 14, 15 al.— Hence,

Raetia [p. 1522] ( Rhaetia), ae, f., the country of the Ræti, Rætia, Tac. A. 1, 44; id. H. 2, 98; 3, 5 et saep.—

Raetĭcus ( Rhaetĭcus), a, um, adj., Rætian:

oppida,

Plin. 3, 19, 23, § 130:

Alpes,

Tac. G. 1:

bellum,

Suet. Tib. 9:

arma,

Ov. Tr. 2, 226:

copiae,

Tac. H. 1, 59 fin.:

vinum (of excellent quality),

Verg. G. 2, 96; Col. 3, 2, 27; Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; 14, 6, 8, § 67; Suet. Aug. 77; Mart. 14, 100 al.—

Raetius, a, um, adj., Rætian:

provincia,

Tac. G. 41.—

Raetus, a, um, adj., Rætian:

Alpes,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 17.

Raeti ( Rhaeti), ōrum, m., the Rætians, a mountain people north of the Po, between the Danube, the Rhine, and the Lech, Plin. 3, 20, 24, § 133; 3, 19, 23, § 130; Liv. 5, 33 fin.; Just. 20, 5, 9; Tac. H. 1, 68; 3, 5; 53; Hor. C. 4, 14, 15 al.— Hence,

Raetia [p. 1522] ( Rhaetia), ae, f., the country of the Ræti, Rætia, Tac. A. 1, 44; id. H. 2, 98; 3, 5 et saep.—

Raetĭcus ( Rhaetĭcus), a, um, adj., Rætian:

oppida,

Plin. 3, 19, 23, § 130:

Alpes,

Tac. G. 1:

bellum,

Suet. Tib. 9:

arma,

Ov. Tr. 2, 226:

copiae,

Tac. H. 1, 59 fin.:

vinum (of excellent quality),

Verg. G. 2, 96; Col. 3, 2, 27; Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; 14, 6, 8, § 67; Suet. Aug. 77; Mart. 14, 100 al.—

Raetius, a, um, adj., Rætian:

provincia,

Tac. G. 41.—

Raetus, a, um, adj., Rætian:

Alpes,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 17.

Raeti ( Rhaeti), ōrum, m., the Rætians, a mountain people north of the Po, between the Danube, the Rhine, and the Lech, Plin. 3, 20, 24, § 133; 3, 19, 23, § 130; Liv. 5, 33 fin.; Just. 20, 5, 9; Tac. H. 1, 68; 3, 5; 53; Hor. C. 4, 14, 15 al.— Hence,

Raetia [p. 1522] ( Rhaetia), ae, f., the country of the Ræti, Rætia, Tac. A. 1, 44; id. H. 2, 98; 3, 5 et saep.—

Raetĭcus ( Rhaetĭcus), a, um, adj., Rætian:

oppida,

Plin. 3, 19, 23, § 130:

Alpes,

Tac. G. 1:

bellum,

Suet. Tib. 9:

arma,

Ov. Tr. 2, 226:

copiae,

Tac. H. 1, 59 fin.:

vinum (of excellent quality),

Verg. G. 2, 96; Col. 3, 2, 27; Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; 14, 6, 8, § 67; Suet. Aug. 77; Mart. 14, 100 al.—

Raetius, a, um, adj., Rætian:

provincia,

Tac. G. 41.—

Raetus, a, um, adj., Rætian:

Alpes,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 17.

Raeti ( Rhaeti), ōrum, m., the Rætians, a mountain people north of the Po, between the Danube, the Rhine, and the Lech, Plin. 3, 20, 24, § 133; 3, 19, 23, § 130; Liv. 5, 33 fin.; Just. 20, 5, 9; Tac. H. 1, 68; 3, 5; 53; Hor. C. 4, 14, 15 al.— Hence,

Raetia [p. 1522] ( Rhaetia), ae, f., the country of the Ræti, Rætia, Tac. A. 1, 44; id. H. 2, 98; 3, 5 et saep.—

Raetĭcus ( Rhaetĭcus), a, um, adj., Rætian:

oppida,

Plin. 3, 19, 23, § 130:

Alpes,

Tac. G. 1:

bellum,

Suet. Tib. 9:

arma,

Ov. Tr. 2, 226:

copiae,

Tac. H. 1, 59 fin.:

vinum (of excellent quality),

Verg. G. 2, 96; Col. 3, 2, 27; Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; 14, 6, 8, § 67; Suet. Aug. 77; Mart. 14, 100 al.—

Raetius, a, um, adj., Rætian:

provincia,

Tac. G. 41.—

Raetus, a, um, adj., Rætian:

Alpes,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 17.

Raeti ( Rhaeti), ōrum, m., the Rætians, a mountain people north of the Po, between the Danube, the Rhine, and the Lech, Plin. 3, 20, 24, § 133; 3, 19, 23, § 130; Liv. 5, 33 fin.; Just. 20, 5, 9; Tac. H. 1, 68; 3, 5; 53; Hor. C. 4, 14, 15 al.— Hence,

Raetia [p. 1522] ( Rhaetia), ae, f., the country of the Ræti, Rætia, Tac. A. 1, 44; id. H. 2, 98; 3, 5 et saep.—

Raetĭcus ( Rhaetĭcus), a, um, adj., Rætian:

oppida,

Plin. 3, 19, 23, § 130:

Alpes,

Tac. G. 1:

bellum,

Suet. Tib. 9:

arma,

Ov. Tr. 2, 226:

copiae,

Tac. H. 1, 59 fin.:

vinum (of excellent quality),

Verg. G. 2, 96; Col. 3, 2, 27; Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; 14, 6, 8, § 67; Suet. Aug. 77; Mart. 14, 100 al.—

Raetius, a, um, adj., Rætian:

provincia,

Tac. G. 41.—

Raetus, a, um, adj., Rætian:

Alpes,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 17.

rumpo, rūpi, ruptum ( inf. paragog. rumpier, Afran. Com. 127), 3, v. a. [root rup], to break, burst, tear, rend, rive, rupture; to break asunder, burst in pieces, force open, etc. (very freq. and class.; a favorite word of the Aug. poets; cf. frango).

Lit.: SI MEMBRVM RVPIT NI CVM EO PACIT TALIO ESTO, Lex XII. Tab. ap. Fest. S. V. TALIO, p. 274; and ap. Gell. 20, 1, 14; cf. Cato ap. Prisc. p. 710 P.:

vincula,

Lucr. 3, 83; Cic. Cat. 4, 4, 8; id. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; Prop. 4, 10, 4; Verg. A. 10, 233 al.:

catenas,

Prop. 3, 13, 11; Hor. S. 2, 7, 70; Ov. Am. 3, 11, 3:

frena pudoris,

Prop. 4, 18, 3:

obstantia claustra,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 9:

teretes plagas (aper),

id. C. 1, 1, 28:

pontem,

to break down, Liv. 7, 9; cf.:

rupti torrentibus pontes,

Quint. 2, 13, 16:

montem aceto (Hannibal),

Juv. 10, 153:

Alpes,

Sil. 11, 135:

arcum,

Phaedr. 3, 14, 10:

plumbum (aqua),

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 20:

carinam (sinus Noto remugiens),

id. Epod. 10, 20:

tenta cubilia tectaque,

id. ib. 12, 12:

vestes,

Ov. M. 6, 131; cf.:

tenues a pectore vestes,

id. A. A. 3, 707:

sinus pariterque capillos,

id. M. 10, 722:

linum ruptum aut turbata cera,

Quint. 12, 8, 13:

praecordia ferro,

to penetrate, Ov. M. 6, 251; 5, 36; cf.:

guttura cultro,

to cut, id. ib. 15, 465:

colla securi,

id. ib. 12, 249:

nubem (vis venti),

to sunder, rive, Lucr. 6, 432:

fulmen nubes rumpit,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 58, 1:

spiritus rumpit nubes,

id. ib. 2, 54, 3:

ruptae nubes et in pronum solutae,

id. ib. 5, 12, 1:

caelum,

Sil. 3, 196:

polum,

id. 1, 135: turbo ruptus, breaking or bursting forth, Verg. A. 2, 416 et saep.:

tuā causā rupi ramices,

burst, ruptured, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 30:

suos ramices,

id. Poen. 3, 1, 37:

inflatas vesiculas,

Cic. Div. 2, 14, 33:

pectora fremitu (leones),

Lucr. 3, 297:

illius immensae ruperunt horrea messes,

filled to repletion, Verg. G. 1, 49; Col. 10, 307:

frugibus rupta congestis horrea,

Sid. 1, 6:

ilia,

Cat. 11, 20; 80, 7; Verg. E. 7, 26; cf. with a personal object:

rupit Iarbitam Timagenis aemula lingua, Dum, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 15.—Esp. reflexively, to burst or split one ' s self, to burst, split, etc.:

me rupi causā currendo tuā,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 43; id. Capt. prol. 14; Lucil. ap. Non. 88, 11; 382, 23:

ut me ambulando rumperet,

Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 21:

non, si te ruperis, Par eris,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 319.— Mid.: ego misera risu clandestino rumpier, to burst, split, Afran. ap. Non. 382, 21 (Com. Rel. p. 154 Rib.); so,

frigidus in pratis cantando rumpitur anguis,

Verg. E. 8, 71:

quā (licentiā audacium) ante rumpebar, nunc ne movear quidem,

could have burst, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 1:

et inflatas rumpi vesiculas,

id. Div. 2, 14, 33; cf.:

rumpantur iniqui, Vicimus,

Prop. 1, 8, 27:

miser Rumperis (sc. irā) et latras,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 136: rumpere viam, iter, etc., to force a passage, make one ' s way by force: ferro rumpenda per hostes Est via, a passage must be burst or forced through, Verg. A. 10, 372; cf.:

eo nisi corporibus armisque rupere cuneo viam,

Liv. 2, 50:

rupta via,

Quint. 9, 4, 63:

viam igne,

Stat. Th. 8, 469:

iter ferro,

Sil. 4, 196 (with reserare viam);

15, 782: Alpes,

id. 11, 135:

rupto sonuit sacer aequore Titan,

Val. Fl. 2, 37:

cursus,

id. ib. 1, 3; Sil. 7, 568 et saep.:

rumpere media agmina,

to burst through, break through, Verg. A. 12, 683; cf.:

proelia misso equo,

Prop. 3, 11, 64 (4, 10, 62):

ruptā mersum caput obruit undā,

Ov. M. 11, 569:

mediam aciem,

Liv. 26, 5:

pugnantibus acies rumpenda,

Just. 1, 6, 11:

ordines,

Liv. 6, 13:

aditus,

Verg. A. 2, 494:

parvos hiatus,

Sil. 5, 616:

fontem,

to break open, cause to break forth, Ov. M. 5, 257:

fontes abyssae magnae,

Vulg. Gen. 7, 11: se rumpere, to break out, burst forth ( = erumpere):

ubi sub lucem densa inter nubila sese Diversi rumpent radii,

Verg. G. 1, 446:

tantus se nubibus imber Ruperat,

id. A. 11, 548:

unde altus primum se erumpit Enipeus,

id. G. 4, 368; so,

rumpi, in mid. force: dum amnes ulli rumpuntur fontibus,

id. ib. 3, 428:

alicui reditum,

to cut off, Hor. Epod. 13, 15.— Absol.: offendit, fregit, rumpit, icit poculo, wounds, Afran. ap. Non. 124, 6 (Com. Rel. p. 173 Rib.); so, si quis rumpet occidetve insciens ne fraus esto, an ancient form of rogation in Liv. 22, 10, 5; cf. Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 17. —

Trop., to break, violate, destroy, annul, make void, interrupt, etc.:

hunc quisquam... foedera scientem neglexisse, violasse, rupisse dicere audebit?

Cic. Balb. 5, 13; so,

foedera,

Lucr. 2, 254; Auct. Her. 4, 14, 20; Liv. 9, 1; 21, 10; Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 35:

foedus,

Liv. 3, 25, 5; 42, 40, 3:

imperium,

Curt. 10, 2, 15; Tac. A. 13, 36; id. H. 3, 19:

sacramenti religionem,

Liv. 28, 27:

reverentiam sacramenti,

Tac. H. 1, 12:

fidem induciarum, pacis, etc.,

Liv. 9, 40 fin.; 24, 29; Verg. G. 4, 213; Flor. 4, 2, 16:

jus gentium,

Liv. 4, 17:

hostium jus et sacra legationis et fas gentium,

Tac. A. 1, 42:

rogationes vos rogatas rumpitis,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 24:

edicta,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 22:

decreta,

Ov. M. 15, 780:

leges,

Luc. 4, 175:

constat, agnascendo rumpi testamentum,

is made void, Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 241; cf.:

jura testamentorum ruptorum aut ratorum,

id. ib. 1, 38, 173:

nuptias,

Hor. C. 1, 15, 7:

amores,

Verg. A. 4, 292:

condiciones pacis,

Vell. 2, 48, 5:

obsequium,

Suet. Galb. 16:

fata aspera,

Verg. A. 6, 882:

fati necessitatem humanis consiliis,

Liv. 1, 42:

ne me e somno excitetis et rumpatis visum,

break in upon, interrupt, Cic. Rep. 6, 12, 12; so,

somnum,

Verg. A. 7, 458; cf. Sen. Ep. 51, 12:

sacra,

Verg. A. 8, 110:

carmina,

Tib. 2, 3, 20:

novissima verba,

Ov. A. A. 1, 539:

ut vero amplexus fessi rupere supremos,

Val. Fl. 5, 32:

strepitu silentia rumpi,

Lucr. 4, 583:

silentia (verbis),

Verg. A. 10, 64; Ov. M. 1, 208; 11, 598; Hor. Epod. 5, 85; Val. Fl. 3, 509; Plin. Pan. 55, 4:

diutinum silentium,

App. M. 10, p. 239, 14:

taciturnitatem,

Tac. A. 1, 74:

patientiam,

Suet. Tib. 24:

en age, segnes Rumpe moras,

break off, end delay, Verg. G. 3, 43; so,

rumpe moras,

id. A. 4, 569; 9, 13; Ov. M. 15, 583 Bach, N. cr.; Val. Fl. 1, 306; Mart. 2, 64, 9; Plin. Ep. 5, 11, 2; cf.:

rumpunt moras,

Luc. 1, 264:

otia,

Verg. A. 6, 813.— Poet.: rumpit has imo pectore voces, breaks forth, breaks out in, gives vent to, utters, etc., Verg. A. 11, 377; so,

vocem,

id. ib. 2, 129; 3, 246; Sil. 8, 301; Tac. A. 6, 20:

questus,

Verg. A. 4, 553; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 249:

gemitum,

Sil. 4, 458.

sŭpĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [id.].

Neutr., to go over, to rise above, overtop, surmount.

Lit. (very rare; syn. transcendo): maximo saltu superabit gravidus armatis equus, surmounted, leaped the wall, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Trag. v. 97 Vahl.):

sol superabat ex mari,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 41:

ripis superat mihi atque abundat pectus laetitia meum,

id. ib. 2, 1, 6:

jugo superans,

passing over the summit, Verg. A. 11, 514:

superat agger ad auras,

Stat. Th. 4, 458:

(angues) superant capite et cervicibus altis,

Verg. A. 2, 219. —

Trop. (freq. and class.).

To have the upper hand or superiority, to be superior, to overcome, surpass (syn. vinco):

denique nostra superat manus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 80:

quā (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14; 1, 40:

numero militum,

Liv. 29, 30, 8; cf.:

numero hostis, virtute Romanus superat,

id. 9, 32, 7:

tantum superantibus malis,

id. 3, 16, 4:

sorte,

id. 38, 36, 10:

victor, superans animis,

Verg. A. 5, 473:

hostes equitatu superare,

Nep. Ages. 3, 6:

unde salo superant venti,

Prop. 3, 5 (4, 4), 29:

superat sententia Sabini,

Caes. B. G. 5, 31:

si superaverit morbus,

Plin. Ep. 7, 1, 3.—

To exceed, be in excess, be superfluous; to be abundant, to abound (syn. supersum):

in quo et deesse aliquam partem et superare mendosum est,

Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 83:

pecunia superabat? at egebas,

id. Or. 67, 224:

uter igitur est divitior? cui deest an cui superat?

id. Par. 6, 3, 49:

quis tolerare potest, illis divitias superare, nobis rem familiarem etiam ad necessaria deesse?

Sall. C. 20, 11:

cui quamquam virtus, gloria... superabant,

id. J. 64, 1:

quae Jugurthae fesso superaverant,

had been too much for, id. ib. 70, 2:

de eo quod ipsis superat,

Cic. Fin. 5, 15, 42:

Quinto delegabo, si quid aeri meo alieno superabit et emptionibus,

id. Att. 13, 46, 3:

superabat umor in arvis,

Lucr. 5, 804:

superante multitudine,

Liv. 3, 5:

cum otium superat,

id. 3, 17:

num tibi superat superbia?

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 86:

gentis superant tibi laudes,

Tib. 4, 1, 28:

dum superat gregibus juventas,

Verg. G. 3, 63:

si superant fetus,

id. ib. 1, 189: quam facile tunc sit omnia impedire et quam hoc Caesari superet, non te fallit, perh. how exceedingly easy it would have been, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 3 dub.—

To be left over, to remain, survive (syn. supersum):

quae superaverint animalia capta, immolant,

Caes. B. G. 6, 17:

quod superaret pecuniae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195: quae arma superabunt, Pompon. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, § 4; Plaut. Truc. 5, 49:

nihil ex raptis commeatibus superabat,

Liv. 22, 40, 8:

pepulerunt jam paucos superantes,

id. 22, 49, 5:

si de quincunce remota est Uncia, quid superat?

Hor. A. P. 328:

sex superant versus,

Prop. 4 (5), 2, 57:

pars quae sola mei superabit corporis, ossa,

Tib. 3, 2, 17; Plaut. Truc. prol. 20:

superet modo Mantua nobis,

Verg. E. 9, 27: uter eorum vitā superarit, whichever survives, Caes. B. G. 6, 19:

quae superaverint animalia,

id. ib. 6, 17:

quid puer Ascanius? superatne et vescitur aurā?

Verg. A. 3, 339:

captae superavimus urbi,

id. ib. 2, 643; Liv. 29, 7, 7:

quid igitur superat, quod purgemus?

id. 45, 24, 1.—

Act., to go or pass over, rise above; to mount, ascend; to surmount, overtop.

Lit.

In gen.: in altisono Caeli clipeo temo superat Stellas, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 73 Müll. (Vahl. Enn. p. 119, om. stellas):

tempestas summas ripas fluminis superavit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 48:

ventosum aequor,

Ov. Ib. 591:

fluvium,

Luc. 4, 150:

mare,

Sen. Oet. 128:

pedibus salsas lacunas,

Lucr. 3, 1031:

munitiones,

Liv. 5, 8, 10:

quas (Alpes) nullā dum viā superatas,

id. 5, 34, 6; 21, 26, 4; 21, 30, 5; 21, 38, 1;

23, 45, 3: Tauro monte superato,

id. 35, 13, 4:

montes,

Verg. G. 3, 270:

Alpes cursu,

Luc. 1, 183:

immensa montium juga,

Plin. Pan. 81, 1:

Caucasum,

Curt. 7, 3, 22:

hoc jugum,

Verg. A. 6, 676:

fossas,

id. ib. 9, 314:

summi fastigia tecti Ascensu,

id. ib. 2, 303; cf.:

caprae gravido superant vix ubere limen,

id. G. 3, 317:

retia saltu (vulpes),

Ov. M. 7, 767:

tantum itineris,

to traverse, pass over, Tac. Agr. 33: regionem castrorum, to go past or beyond, Caes. B. C. 1, 69; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43:

insidias circa ipsum iter locatas,

Liv. 2, 50, 6:

collocatur in eo turris tabulatorum quae superaret fontis fastigium,

but so as to overtop, command, Hirt. B. G. 8, 41:

superat (Parnassus) cacumine nubes,

Ov. M. 1, 317.—

In partic.

Naut. t. t., to sail by or past a place, a promontory, etc.; to double or weather a point, etc.; promontorium, Lucil. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 244; Auct. B. Afr. 62, 3; Liv. 26, 26, 1; 30, 25, 6; 31, 23, 3; Tac. A. 15, 46 et saep.:

Euboeam,

Nep. Them. 3, 3:

cursu Isthmon,

Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 5:

intima Regna Liburnorum et fontem Timavi,

Verg. A. 1, 244 Serv.— Poet., transf.: musarum scopulos, Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 19, 76 (Ann. v. 223 Vahl.).—

To rise above, exceed in height:

ut alibi umbilico tenus aqua esset, alibi genua vix superaret,

Liv. 36, 45, 9; cf.: posterior partes superat mensura priores, i. e. exceeds in size, Ov. M. 15, 378.—

Trop., to surpass, excel, exceed, outdo, outstrip in any quality, in value, etc.

In gen.:

non potest quaestus consistere, si eum sumptus superat,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 74:

ne sumptus fructum superet,

Varr. R. R. 1, 53:

qui omnes homines supero atque antideo cruciabilitatibus animi,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 3:

virtute, laude, dignitate,

Cic. Planc. 2, 6 sq.:

aut ingenio aut fortunā aut dignitate superari,

id. Lael. 3, 11:

omnes homines constantiā et gravitate,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 16:

doctrinā Graecia nos et omni litterarum genere superabat,

id. Tusc. 1, 1, 3:

auctoritatis pondere et utilitatis ubertate,

id. de Or. 1, 44, 195; Hirt. B. G. 8, prooem. §

4: aliquem nobilitate,

Ov. P. 3, 2, 56:

Phoebum superare canendo,

Verg. E. 5, 9:

omnes scelere,

Liv. 29, 8:

aliquem dignitate vitae,

Nep. Alcib. 11, 2:

aliquem ingenio, id. Dion, 4, 1: duritiā ferrum,

Ov. H. 2, 137:

vel cursu superare canem vel viribus aprum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 51:

omnes in ceteris artibus,

Nep. Epam. 2, 2:

summam spem civium incredibili virtute,

Cic. Lael. 3, 11:

non dubitabam, quin hanc epistulam multi nuntii, fama denique esset ipsa tua celeritate superatura,

will outstrip, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1.—

In partic., in milit. lang., to overcome, subdue, conquer, vanquish (syn. debello):

victis hostibus, quos nemo posse superari ratu'st,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 24:

armatos ac victores,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

maximas nationes,

id. ib. 3, 28;

2, 24: quos integros superavissent,

id. B. C. 2, 5:

bello superatos esse Arvernos et Rutenos a Q. Fabio Maximo,

id. B. G. 1, 45:

si Helvetios superaverint Romani,

id. ib. 1, 17:

Massilienses bis proelio navali superati,

id. B. C. 2, 22:

clam ferro incautum superat,

Verg. A. 1, 350:

bello superatus,

Ov. M. 12, 364:

Asiam bello,

Nep. Ages. 4, 3:

tota insula in unā urbe superata est,

Flor. 2, 6.—

Transf., in gen.: quem (C. Curium) nemo ferro potuit superare nec auro, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 3, 3, 6 (Ann. v. 220 Vahl.):

in quo (genere officii) etiam si multi mecum contendent, omnes facile superabo,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

si erum videt superare amorem,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 7:

hanc (orationem) assidua ac diligens scriptura superabit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150: si meam spem vis improborum fefellerit atque superaverit, id. Cat. 4, 11, 23:

injurias fortunae facile veterum philosophorum praeceptis superabat,

id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:

pareatur necessitati, quam ne dii quidem superant,

which even the gods are not above, not superior to, Liv. 9, 4, 16:

casus omnes,

Verg. A. 11, 244:

superanda omnis fortuna ferendo est,

id. ib. 5, 710:

labores,

id. ib. 3, 368:

difficultates omnes,

Vell. 2, 120, 4:

cum incedendi nimietate jam superarer,

Amm. 19, 8, 6.—Hence, sŭpĕrans, antis, P. a.

Rising high, prominent, high, lofty:

mons superantissimus,

Sol. 2 med. —

Prevailing, predominant:

superantior ignis,

Lucr. 5, 394.

* * *

* * *